Unit 3 课时4 Lesson 3（分层作业）英语北师大版2024八年级上册

Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions 课时4 Lesson 3 分层作业 核心知识速记 01 基础达标 02 能力提升 词汇 appearance n. 外貌；外观 personality n. 个性；性格 sociable adj. 好交际的；合群的 humorous adj. 幽默的 patient adj. 有耐心的 ；n. 病人 shy adj. 害羞的 confident adj. 自信的 ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的 realise（=realize ） v. 意识到；认识到 mirror n. 镜子 wonder v. 想知道；对…… 感到好奇 ；n. 奇迹 perfect adj. 完美的 ；v. 使完美 matter v. 要紧；有重大影响 ；n. 事情；问题 短语 of medium height  中等身高 get dressed  穿好衣服 look at oneself in the mirror  照镜子看自己 compare...with...  把…… 和…… 作比较 as a teenager  作为青少年 feel comfortable with oneself  自我感觉自在；自我接纳良好 shake off  摆脱；甩掉  一、短语翻译 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中等身高 __________ 照镜子 __________ 幽默的 __________ 对…… 感到好奇 __________ 自我感觉舒服 _________ 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、翻译句子 1. 珍妮年轻时是中等身高。 _________________________________________________________________________________________- 2. 她聪明且幽默。 _________________________________________________________________________________________- 3. 她每天早晨照镜子时都感到不开心。 _________________________________________________________________________________________- 4. 后来她意识到许多学生都有同感。 _________________________________________________________________________________________- 5. 她善于交际的性格帮她结交了许多朋友。 _________________________________________________________________________________________- 三、单项选择 1．—Sorry, I was cleaning up ______ Grandpa suddenly came over. That’s why it’s still a mess here. —Why don’t you ______ finishing it now? You should go through what you start. A．when; continue B．while; to continue C．when; to continue D．while; continue 2．My grandmother ________ the flowers when I got home yesterday afternoon. A．waters B．is watering C．has watered D．was watering 3．—What were you doing at 8:00 last night? —I _______ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River. A．picked up B．am picking up C．was picking up D．pick up 4．We were all surprised when we made ________ clear that he ________ the company sooner or later. A．that; would leave B．it; was leaving C．that; left D．it; will leave 5．—I called you last night, but there was no answer. —Oh, I ________ my dog for a walk and I didn’t bring my cell phone with me. A．was taking B．have taken C．took D．am taking 四、用括号内单词的适当形式填空或根据括号内的中文提示填空 1．Lucy was busy with her project when I came to see her. She (reply) to the readers’ letters. 2．He (not chat) with his friends on the Internet at 11:00 last night. 3． (当我正在做饭的时候), the telephone rang. 4．I was the phone when he visited me last night. (接电话) 五、完型填空。 Special Care Brings Special Bond On March 12, 2010, I was told that I had a new baby brother. A week later my mom told me that the hospital check-up results were not good. My brother had 1 problems. We went to a famous vision center several times, but the 2 didn’t work, so my family began learning braille (盲文). I should correct myself when I say “my family”, because I didn’t want to sit down every night and learn symbol after symbol. I just did my own things. My parents spent hours with my brother 3 him and themselves by playing braille games. Years passed. The summer before ninth grade, as my parents had to go on business trips, it was up to me to take care of my brother. This meant sending him to summer camp in the morning, making meals for him and playing with him. One day my father asked me to read a braille note, and I failed. My dad’s eyes were almost filled with tears. He was so 4 that I didn’t care enough about my brother. This 5 me, realizing how selfish I had been. I wanted to talk to him, but I couldn’t even read 6 phrases like: “Are you hungry?” “Do you want to play?” “Where do you want to go?” and other questions I wanted to ask but didn’t know how. My family and I started taking braille classes at my brother’s school. We sat together as a family watching braille teaching videos and playing braille games. Today I can 7 very well with my brother. It makes me smile when my brother shows me a braille message about his day, and others can’t understand it. I realized it was no fun not knowing what my family was talking about. So if you have a family member with special needs, don’t keep him or her at a distance. This person should be the most important in your heart. For me, braille now comes before games, friends and hobbies, because it is the 8 of my family. 1．A．vision B．speaking C．reading D．writing 2．A．suggestions B．treatments C．conversations D．explanations 3．A．encouraging B．controlling C．teaching D．correcting 4．A．nervous B．happy C．calm D．sad 5．A．worried B．moved C．warmed D．hit 6．A．meaningful B．useful C．simple D．short 7．A．play B．communicate C．study D．practice 8．A．language B．prize C．treasure D．symbol 六、阅读理解。 Have you ever bought a new pair of shoes and started noticing the exact color and style of shoes everywhere? Is that type of shoes just becoming popular in your school? Were they there before? Or are you just going crazy? You’re not going crazy. The reason you are now noticing them is what psychologists call “priming”. Actually, the shoes were always there. You just didn’t recognize them consciously (有意识地). However, when that certain type of shoes becomes part of your life, you start recognizing all of the other shoes that are the same, because you are already “primed” to do so. Priming can happen in different ways. In one study, researchers made students walk around a room for 5 minutes at a slower pace than usual. After this short experience, the students were quicker to recognize words related to old age, such as “forgetful”, “old”, and “lonely” . The priming effects tend to produce a coherent (连贯的) reaction: if you think about old age, you may start to act older, and acting older can strengthen those thoughts. This research shows us that our thoughts can influence our actions, and then our actions can influence our thoughts in a continuous cycle. American psychologist William James reached similar conclusions a century ago, but he emphasized the priming effect on feelings. “Actions seem to follow feelings, but actually actions and feelings go together. And by managing the actions, we can manage the feelings.” To put it simply, if we want to feel cheerful, we can start by sitting up happily and to act and speak as if you were already happy. So, that’s it. If you want to be happy, just sit up and act happy. Based on these scientific findings, we can take certain priming effects to make ourselves feel happier each day. One thing we have in common is our ability to think and feel. Thinking about the good things in our lives can produce the chemicals that make us feel happy. Especially when we take the time to think about what we’re grateful (感激的) for—like friends, family, or even small joys like a sunny day—we fill our minds with these “happy chemicals” . Furthermore, by consciously thinking, feeling and expressing gratitude, we will not only be happier in the moment, but we will be “primed” to recognize the good things in our life. Each time this happens, the “happy chemicals” will be produced. More than that, combining thoughts of gratitude with happy acts like smiling and laughing will add extra positive effect on our state of mind. Therefore, by being aware of the power of our thoughts and actions, we can cultivate a happier, more fulfilling life. 1．When you go through “priming”, you ________. A．notice the things of the same color and style B．start recognizing things you didn’t notice before C．have an interest in fashion and buy popular things D．begin to follow other people’s actions and thoughts 2．What will the author probably agree with? A．Acting old can make people feel young in their mind. B．We can manage our thoughts by managing our feelings. C．Happy chemicals make us think of the good things in life. D．Practicing gratitude helps us to recognize positive things. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Prime Yourself to Be Happier B．Actions Are Primed by Feelings C．Gratitude Is Important for Happiness D．Learn Priming to Understand Feelings 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 3 Feelings and Emotions 课时4 Lesson 3 分层作业 核心知识速记 01 基础达标 02 能力提升 词汇 appearance n. 外貌；外观 personality n. 个性；性格 sociable adj. 好交际的；合群的 humorous adj. 幽默的 patient adj. 有耐心的 ；n. 病人 shy adj. 害羞的 confident adj. 自信的 ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的 realise（=realize ） v. 意识到；认识到 mirror n. 镜子 wonder v. 想知道；对…… 感到好奇 ；n. 奇迹 perfect adj. 完美的 ；v. 使完美 matter v. 要紧；有重大影响 ；n. 事情；问题 短语 of medium height  中等身高 get dressed  穿好衣服 look at oneself in the mirror  照镜子看自己 compare...with...  把…… 和…… 作比较 as a teenager  作为青少年 feel comfortable with oneself  自我感觉自在；自我接纳良好 shake off  摆脱；甩掉  一、短语翻译 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中等身高 __________ 照镜子 __________ 幽默的 __________ 对…… 感到好奇 __________ 自我感觉舒服 _________ 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 中等身高：of medium height 照镜子：look at oneself in the mirror 幽默的：humorous 对…… 感到好奇：wonder about 自我感觉舒服：feel comfortable with oneself 二、翻译句子 1. 珍妮年轻时是中等身高。 2. 她聪明且幽默。 3. 她每天早晨照镜子时都感到不开心。 4. 后来她意识到许多学生都有同感。 5. 她善于交际的性格帮她结交了许多朋友。 答案： 1.Jenny was of medium height when she was young. 2.She was clever and humorous. 3.She felt unhappy every morning when she looked at herself in the mirror​​. 4.Later, she realised that many students felt the same way. 5.Her sociable personality helped her make many friends. 三、单项选择 1．—Sorry, I was cleaning up ______ Grandpa suddenly came over. That’s why it’s still a mess here. —Why don’t you ______ finishing it now? You should go through what you start. A．when; continue B．while; to continue C．when; to continue D．while; continue 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——对不起，我正在打扫卫生，爷爷突然过来了。这就是为什么这里还是一团糟。——你为什么不现在就继续完成呢？你应该有始有终。 考查连词辨析和动词形式。when当……时，强调主句动作进行中突然发生另一动作；while当……时，强调两个动作同时持续进行。根据“I was cleaning up...Grandpa suddenly came over”可知，后句是一个突然发生的动作，应用when引导时间状语从句；根据助动词“don’t”可知，第二空应用原形，Why don’t you do sth“你为什么不做某事”，表示建议。故选A。 2．My grandmother ________ the flowers when I got home yesterday afternoon. A．waters B．is watering C．has watered D．was watering 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天下午我到家时，我的祖母正在浇花。 考查时态。根据“when I got home yesterday afternoon.”可知，当我到家时是一个过去的具体时刻，此时祖母正在浇花，符合过去进行时的用法，故选D。 3．—What were you doing at 8:00 last night? —I _______ rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River. A．picked up B．am picking up C．was picking up D．pick up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨晚8点你正在做什么？——我正在和我同班同学在资江河边捡垃圾。 考查过去进行时。picked up捡起，一般过去时；am picking up正在捡，现在进行时；was picking up正在捡，过去进行时；pick up捡起，一般现在时。根据问句 “What were you doing at 8:00 last night?”可知，这是过去进行时的问句，回答也要用过去进行时。故选C。 4．We were all surprised when we made ________ clear that he ________ the company sooner or later. A．that; would leave B．it; was leaving C．that; left D．it; will leave 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我们弄清楚他迟早会离开公司时，我们都很惊讶。 考查it的用法及动词的时态。that那，那个，或作连词，引导从句；it它，或作形式主语和形式宾语；would leave将离开，过去将来时；was leaving离开，过去进行时；left离开，一般过去时；will leave将离开，一般将来时。根据“... we made ... clear that ...”可知，此处是“make it+adj.+that从句”的结构，“it”作形式宾语，代替后面的that从句，因此第一空用it，排除A和C；根据“We were all surprised when we made ...”可知，宾语从句的主句是一般过去时，因此其从句也要用和过去相关的时态，“sooner or later”表示迟早，所以第二空用过去进行时was leaving表将来。故选B。 5．—I called you last night, but there was no answer. —Oh, I ________ my dog for a walk and I didn’t bring my cell phone with me. A．was taking B．have taken C．took D．am taking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我昨晚给你打电话，但没人接。——哦，那时我正在遛狗，而且没带手机。 考查时态。根据“last night”可知事情发生在过去，结合“but there was no answer”可知电话打来时动作正在进行，因此应用过去进行时“was taking”。故选A。 四、用括号内单词的适当形式填空或根据括号内的中文提示填空 1．Lucy was busy with her project when I came to see her. She (reply) to the readers’ letters. 【答案】was replying 【详解】句意：我去看露西时，她忙着她的项目。她正在给读者回信。根据“Lucy was busy with her project when I came to see her.”可知句子时态为过去时，“when I came to see her”是过去具体时间点。强调在过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作时，用过去进行时（was/were+现在分词），主语“She”是第三人称单数，因此助动词用“was”，动词“reply”的现在分词为“replying”。故填was replying。 2．He (not chat) with his friends on the Internet at 11:00 last night. 【答案】wasn’t chatting 【详解】句意：昨晚11点他没在网上和朋友们聊天。根据“at 11:00 last night”可知，句子应用过去进行时，其否定形式为“wasn’t/weren’t+现在分词”，主语“He”是第三人称单数，用“wasn’t chatting”。故填wasn’t chatting。 3． (当我正在做饭的时候), the telephone rang. 【答案】When I was cooking 【详解】句意：当我正在做饭的时候，电话铃响了。根据“the telephone rang”和中文提示可知，此处时态为过去进行时，“当我正在做饭的时候”可表达为when I was cooking，时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填When I was cooking。 4．I was the phone when he visited me last night. (接电话) 【答案】picking up 【详解】句意：昨晚他来拜访我的时候，我正在接电话。根据汉语提示可知，空格处需填写单词pick up“接起”，pick up the phone意思是“接电话”，为常用表达；was为be动词，后需跟现在分词形式构成过去进行时。故填picking up。 五、完型填空。 Special Care Brings Special Bond On March 12, 2010, I was told that I had a new baby brother. A week later my mom told me that the hospital check-up results were not good. My brother had 1 problems. We went to a famous vision center several times, but the 2 didn’t work, so my family began learning braille (盲文). I should correct myself when I say “my family”, because I didn’t want to sit down every night and learn symbol after symbol. I just did my own things. My parents spent hours with my brother 3 him and themselves by playing braille games. Years passed. The summer before ninth grade, as my parents had to go on business trips, it was up to me to take care of my brother. This meant sending him to summer camp in the morning, making meals for him and playing with him. One day my father asked me to read a braille note, and I failed. My dad’s eyes were almost filled with tears. He was so 4 that I didn’t care enough about my brother. This 5 me, realizing how selfish I had been. I wanted to talk to him, but I couldn’t even read 6 phrases like: “Are you hungry?” “Do you want to play?” “Where do you want to go?” and other questions I wanted to ask but didn’t know how. My family and I started taking braille classes at my brother’s school. We sat together as a family watching braille teaching videos and playing braille games. Today I can 7 very well with my brother. It makes me smile when my brother shows me a braille message about his day, and others can’t understand it. I realized it was no fun not knowing what my family was talking about. So if you have a family member with special needs, don’t keep him or her at a distance. This person should be the most important in your heart. For me, braille now comes before games, friends and hobbies, because it is the 8 of my family. 1．A．vision B．speaking C．reading D．writing 2．A．suggestions B．treatments C．conversations D．explanations 3．A．encouraging B．controlling C．teaching D．correcting 4．A．nervous B．happy C．calm D．sad 5．A．worried B．moved C．warmed D．hit 6．A．meaningful B．useful C．simple D．short 7．A．play B．communicate C．study D．practice 8．A．language B．prize C．treasure D．symbol 答案： 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从最初对失明弟弟的疏离和冷漠，到后来主动学习盲文、承担照顾责任，最终与弟弟建立深厚情感纽带的故事。 1．句意：我弟弟视力有问题。 vision视力；speaking说；reading读；writing写。根据后文“We went to a famous vision center several times, but the…didn’t work, so my family began learning braille (盲文).”可知，作者的弟弟视力有问题。故选A。 2．句意：我们去了一个著名的视力中心几次，但是治疗不起作用，所以我的家人开始学习盲文。 suggestions建议；treatments治疗；conversations会话；explanations解释。根据“We went to a famous vision center several times, but the…didn’t work, so my family began learning braille (盲文).”，结合选词可知，他们去著名的视力中心是为了寻求治疗，但没起作用，因此转而学习盲文。故选B。 3．句意：我父母花了数小时陪我弟弟玩耍，通过盲文游戏来教导他，同时也让自己学习。 encouraging鼓励；controlling控制；teaching教；correcting纠正。根据“My parents spent hours with my brother…him and themselves by playing braille games.”，结合选项可知，父母通过盲文游戏教导弟弟让他学习盲文，同时也在教自己。故选C。 4．句意：他非常难过，因为我对弟弟不够关心。 nervous紧张的；happy开心的；calm冷静的；sad伤心的。根据前文“One day my father asked me to read a braille note, and I failed. My dad’s eyes were almost filled with tears.”可知，父亲眼中含泪，是因为“我”对弟弟不够关心，所以他感到难过。故选D。 5．句意：这打击了我，意识到我是多么自私。 worried担心；moved移动；warmed变暖；hit击打，打击。根据“This…me, realizing how selfish I had been.”，结合选词可知，此处指的是父亲的反应打击了“我”，让“我”意识到自己的自私。故选D。 6．句意：我想和他说话，但我甚至不能读简单的短语，如:“你饿了吗？”“你想玩吗？”“你想去哪里？”以及其他想问却不知道怎么问的问题。 meaningful有意义的；useful有用的；simple简单的；short短的，矮的。根据空格后“like: ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘Do you want to play?’ ‘Where do you want to go?’”可知，后文列举的“你饿吗？”“你想玩吗？”等都是简单的日常短语，但“我”却因不懂盲文而无法阅读。故选C。 7．句意：今天我可以和我的弟弟很好地交流。 play玩；communicate交流；study学习；practice练习。根据后文“It makes me smile when my brother shows me a braille message about his day, and others can’t understand it.”，结合选项可知，此处指的是“我”可以和“我”的弟弟很好地交流。故选B。 8．句意：对我来说，盲文现在排在游戏、朋友和爱好之前，因为它是我家人的语言。 language语言；prize奖品；treasure珍宝；symbol象征。根据“For me, braille now comes before games, friends and hobbies”可知，盲文现在排在游戏、朋友和爱好之前是因为它是作者和家人之间独有的语言。故选A。 六、阅读理解。 Have you ever bought a new pair of shoes and started noticing the exact color and style of shoes everywhere? Is that type of shoes just becoming popular in your school? Were they there before? Or are you just going crazy? You’re not going crazy. The reason you are now noticing them is what psychologists call “priming”. Actually, the shoes were always there. You just didn’t recognize them consciously (有意识地). However, when that certain type of shoes becomes part of your life, you start recognizing all of the other shoes that are the same, because you are already “primed” to do so. Priming can happen in different ways. In one study, researchers made students walk around a room for 5 minutes at a slower pace than usual. After this short experience, the students were quicker to recognize words related to old age, such as “forgetful”, “old”, and “lonely” . The priming effects tend to produce a coherent (连贯的) reaction: if you think about old age, you may start to act older, and acting older can strengthen those thoughts. This research shows us that our thoughts can influence our actions, and then our actions can influence our thoughts in a continuous cycle. American psychologist William James reached similar conclusions a century ago, but he emphasized the priming effect on feelings. “Actions seem to follow feelings, but actually actions and feelings go together. And by managing the actions, we can manage the feelings.” To put it simply, if we want to feel cheerful, we can start by sitting up happily and to act and speak as if you were already happy. So, that’s it. If you want to be happy, just sit up and act happy. Based on these scientific findings, we can take certain priming effects to make ourselves feel happier each day. One thing we have in common is our ability to think and feel. Thinking about the good things in our lives can produce the chemicals that make us feel happy. Especially when we take the time to think about what we’re grateful (感激的) for—like friends, family, or even small joys like a sunny day—we fill our minds with these “happy chemicals” . Furthermore, by consciously thinking, feeling and expressing gratitude, we will not only be happier in the moment, but we will be “primed” to recognize the good things in our life. Each time this happens, the “happy chemicals” will be produced. More than that, combining thoughts of gratitude with happy acts like smiling and laughing will add extra positive effect on our state of mind. Therefore, by being aware of the power of our thoughts and actions, we can cultivate a happier, more fulfilling life. 1．When you go through “priming”, you ________. A．notice the things of the same color and style B．start recognizing things you didn’t notice before C．have an interest in fashion and buy popular things D．begin to follow other people’s actions and thoughts 2．What will the author probably agree with? A．Acting old can make people feel young in their mind. B．We can manage our thoughts by managing our feelings. C．Happy chemicals make us think of the good things in life. D．Practicing gratitude helps us to recognize positive things. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Prime Yourself to Be Happier B．Actions Are Primed by Feelings C．Gratitude Is Important for Happiness D．Learn Priming to Understand Feelings 答案：1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了心理学中的“启动效应”，以及如何利用这一效应让自己更快乐。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“the shoes were always there. You just didn’t recognize them consciously. However, when that certain type of shoes becomes part of your life, you start recognizing all of the other shoes that are the same, because you are already ‘primed’ to do so”可知，“启动效应”是指开始意识到之前未留意的事物。故选B。 2．观点态度题。根据最后一段“by consciously thinking, feeling and expressing gratitude, we will not only be happier in the moment, but we will be ‘primed’ to recognize the good things in our life”可知，践行感恩有助于我们识别积极的事物。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。文章围绕“启动效应”展开，重点说明如何利用这一效应让自己更快乐，选项A“让自己做好准备更快乐”能概括文章主旨。故选A。 $