专题04 完形填空体裁微解 议论文 导学案-备考2026届高考英语一轮复习专题

专题04 完形填空体裁微解：议论文 I解题技能微解 一、题型总览（记叙文词义层次题） 1.夹叙夹议文 夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。 2.议论文 议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即how）三个部分构成，其具体的结构模式又有以下三种： 模式一：引言段（提出观点）——正方论点心（支持作者的观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者的观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，文章主体段（中间部分）的每一个部分论述一个论点，这些论点以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的论点在最后面，以示强调。 模式二：引言段（提出观点）——反面意见（反方观点+作者的反驳）、正方论点1（支持作者观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳，以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。 模式三：引言段（提出观点）——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点，然后再进行反驳。 议论文有自己的语言个性，它不同于记叙文的生动形象，也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述，因此，它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时，它的语言也很准确，合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用，诸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that…（因而…），If…，we may conclude that …（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话……），Idon’t want to…,but…（我并不想……），It is true that…,but…（诚然……但是……）,Even if …（即使……）等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外，作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。 二、命题规律及备考策略 1.命题规律 近三年设题方式大致可分为语篇层次、句间层次及句内层次三种题型。在难易程度上，句内层次题和句间层次题较容易，考生只需要结合语境理解空格所在句或相邻的几句就可以确定答案，且句内层次、句间层次题考查最多，能保障考生取得基本分数。但高考是选拔性的考试，每篇完形填空总会有那么几个比较难的语篇层次题成为考生取得高分的拦路虎。 语篇层次题：是指空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。 句间层次题：是指空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定。 句内层次题：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。 ⑴夹叙夹议文章 ①先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。 ②作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。 ③提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表： 1 事例—观点 先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。 2 观点—事例 先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。 3 观点—事例—观点 提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。 ⑵议论文 议论文：绝大多数议论文类完形填空在开头提出论点，然后在余下的段落或文字里进行阐述或提出分论点。议论文类完形填空的三要素(论点、论据和论证)一般有序地分布在引子、正文、结论部分。 2.备考策略 ⑴分析结构，抓住作者观点 在做题时要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。 ⑵重视首句，把握文章主题 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。 ⑶叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵 夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。 ⑷抓住转换，理清逻辑关系 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。常见标志词有： ①并列关系：and，not only...but also，that is to say等； ②因果关系：because，for，so that，in order that，due to，thanks to，thus，therefore，so等； ③对比关系：while，whereas，as，rather than，instead of等； ④转折关系：although，though，even if，nevertheless，despite，but，yet，however，on the contrary等； ⑤递进关系：also，then，besides，in addition，furthermore，what’s more等； ⑥顺序关系：first，then，on the one hand等； ⑦转变话题：by the way，what I really mean...等。 三、高频核心考点 考点一 依情感，识褒贬 在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度或感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 例1.（2023年全国甲卷）Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ___54 look___ perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a ___55___ memory of those. 55 A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague 【解析】A；根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　　　34　　　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选A项。 例2.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）As for Bailey, she is more ____51____ about why her act is considered a big ____52 deal____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____53_leave___ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” 31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged 【解析】C；根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。 答案：C 考点二 划范畴，前后连 完形填空对词汇的考查与上下文的语境息息相关。明确上下句之间话题的范围有助于确定答案。 　 例3.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____44____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____45____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____46____. She couldn’t. 44. A. race B. school C. town D. training 【解析】A；根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。 45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised 【解析】C；根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。 46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 【解析】B；根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。 例4.（2023浙江1月卷·节选)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the treetops. Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____43____ . 43．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless 【解析】B；考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent紧急的；B. dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. pointless毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ________ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选B项。 【提醒】此处and是并列关系，空处和difficult的并列关系。 点三 析意群，定答案 在句间层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 例5.(2023·全国甲卷) It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___58 on sale___, and as close as possible to where they were ___59_ grown__. What Mario had ___60___ us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 40. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told 【解析】A；根据前文“It was 　　　43　　　 called Mario, coming to 　　　44　　　 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥送给作者一家这些美味。故选B项。 例6.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷） Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____46 aid____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____47____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____49 assessed____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. 27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 【解析】D；根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。 28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 【解析】A；根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。 II专题训练 Passage 1（2021天津）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely ____1____ . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't ____4____. I didn't ____5____ having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. ____6____, I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be ____7____ for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough ____8____ my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n）____9____ between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I _____10_____ to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and _____11_____ practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother _____12_____ quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to _____13_____ him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song _____14_____,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new _____15_____. I kept trying at the song, no longer getting _____16_____ at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to _____17_____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything _____18_____ the first time and that good things come with continual _____19_____.I now understand why my brother favours the _____20_____. 1. A. mature B. different C. content D. normal 2. A. disliked B. preferred C. replaced D. abandoned 3. A. writer B. leader C. painter D. performer 4. A. get along B. drop by C. show off D. check in 5. A. try B. mind C. enjoy D. delay 6. A. In particular B. In vain C. In return D. In theory 7. A. humorous B. ordinary C. competitive D. grateful 8. A. above B. below C. near D. without 9. A. issue B. contrast C. agreement D. balance 10. A. struggled B. expected C. promised D. decided 11. A. began B. allowed C. stopped D. continued 12. A. hated B. experienced C. accepted D. wanted 13. A. help B. invite C. join D. admire 14. A. gracefully B. suddenly C. fiercely D. cautiously 15. A. limit B. sentence C. mistake D. philosophy 16. A. rude B. angry C. surprised D. excited 17. A. lose B. share C. reduce D. maintain 18. A. wrong B. right C. back D. down 19. A. luck B. absence C. effort D. fear 20. A. fight B. noise C. quiet D. safety 【参考答案】BBDAB ACDAA CBCAD BDBCC 【文本导读】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者喜欢表演，哥哥喜欢冥想，二者性格爱好完全不同，关系紧张。在作者遭遇失败时，哥哥教给他冥想，作者从中悟出了做事的哲理，取得了成功。 【答案解析】 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看起来像双胞胎，但实际上我们是完全不同的。A. mature成熟的；B. different不同的；C. content满意的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical,”哥哥喜欢冥想而作者喜欢表演，前后对比可知二者性格不同。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C. replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. writer作家；B. leader领导者；C. painter画家；D. performer表演者。根据“the theatrical ,even when off stage.”和下文的“in time for the trial performance”可知作者喜欢表演。故选D。 4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. check in登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不介意和我哥哥关系紧张，因为我在学校很忙。A. try试图，努力；B. mind介意；C. enjoy欣赏，享受；D. delay推迟，延误。根据句中“because I was involved at school.”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知在学校很忙，在家依然我行我素，并不介意和哥哥的关系。故选B。 6. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，我全身心地投入了音乐剧的世界。A. In particular尤其，特别；B. In vain徒劳；C. In return作为回报；D. In theory理论上。根据上文“preferred the theatrical”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知作者非常喜欢音乐。故选A。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我每天在卧室里练习唱歌，以保持最佳状态，争取角色；我哥哥会坐在靠窗的座位上冥想。A. humorous幽默的；B. ordinary普通的，平常的；C. competitive竞争的；D. grateful感激的。根据“I practised singing in the bedroom every day” 作者每天练习，可知竞争很激烈。故选C。 8. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：就算没有我吵闹的歌声，他也会觉得高中已经够难的了。A. above超过，在……之上；B. below在……下面；C. near在……附近；D. without没有。哥哥经常冥想，作者认为即使没有自己吵闹的歌声，哥哥也会觉得高中很难。故选D。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以练习的空间成了我们之间的问题，因为我们共用一个房间。A. issue问题，发行；B. contrast对比，差异；C. agreement同意，一致；D. balance平衡。根据上文“a tense relationship with my brother”和句中“we shared a room.”可知练习唱歌的空间是作者和哥哥之间的问题。故选A。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次费劲地学歌，因为当我切换到头音时，我的声音嘶哑了。A. struggled奋斗，努力；B. expected预期，盼望；C. promised允诺，许诺；D. decided决定。根据“my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice”可知作者学歌很费劲。故选A。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，我很恼火，停止了练习，宣称自己已经达到了歌唱事业的顶峰。A. began开始；B. allowed允许，准许；C. stopped停止；D. continued继续。根据下文“my brother ____12____ quiet when I got home.”家里安静了，可知作者停止了练习唱歌。故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回家时，哥哥多年来第一次感到安静。A. hated厌恶；B. experienced体验，经历；C. accepted接受；D. wanted想要。因为作者停止在家唱歌了，哥哥体验到了家里的安静。故选B。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样过了两天，我哥哥要我和他一起冥想。A. help帮助；B. invite邀请；C. join参加；D. admire钦佩。根据下文“I accepted”可知哥哥让作者和他一起冥想，作者同意了。故选C。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己无法优美地驾驭这首歌很生气，于是就接受了。A. gracefully优美地，优雅地；B. suddenly突然；C. fiercely猛烈地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文“I was able to ____17____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice.”可知作者想优美地驾驭这首歌。故选A。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我明白了这个意思，它很快就成为了我的新哲学。A. limit限度；B. sentence句子，判决；C. mistake错误；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything ____18____ the first time and that good things come with continual ____19____.”可知作者把哥哥的话作为自己的哲学。故选D。 16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直试着唱这首歌，不再生自己的气了。A. rude粗鲁的；B. angry生气的；C. surprised吃惊的；D. excited兴奋的。与上文“I was annoyed in that period和my anger at my inability”呼应，可知作者开始因为自己唱不好生气，现在想明白了，不生气了。故选B。 17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在试演的时候，尽管换了头音，我还是能保持唱歌的能力。A. lose丢失；B. share分享；C. reduce减少；D. maintain保持。根据句中“was able to”和下文“good things come with”可知作者成功保持了唱歌的能力。故选D。 18. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. wrong错误的；B. right正确的；C. back后面的；D. down情绪低落的。根据作者的经历和常识可知，第一次做事不一定能做好。故选B。 19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. luck运气；B. absence缺席；C. effort努力；D. fear害怕，担心。根据上文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”和“I kept trying at the song”可知只有不断努力才能成功。故选C。 20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在明白我哥哥为什么喜欢安静了。A. fight斗争，打架；B. noise噪音；C. quiet安静，和平；D. safety安全。根据上文“my older brother ____2____ meditation”“my brother would meditate on a window seat.”可知哥哥喜欢冥想，喜欢安静。故选C。 Passage 2（2021全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude(感谢). My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___45___ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks. She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her _____50_____ at her recovery. As she was _____51_____ she was eager to say _____52_____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she _____53_____ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague _____54_____ to accept it, saying that we were all just _____55_____ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _____56_____:“Oh this isn't for the_____57_____ I had. I take that as a _____58_____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.” And there you have it. To many people,_____59_____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an _____60_____ and should be rewarded. 41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor 42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations 43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account 44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering 45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising 46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly 47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving 48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily 49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful 50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment 51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving 52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes 53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded 54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused 55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting 56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported 57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care 58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting 59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building 60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra 【参考答案】CABD A ABCAB DC AD B CDBCD 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例，表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。 【答案解析】 41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家，药剂师；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。根据下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。故选C。 42.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。A. grades分数，级别，程度；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根据上文的“simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。 43.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开；B. put to the test经受考验，接受……的考验；C. brought under discussion在讨论中；D. taken into account考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对护士们的所为，可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。故选B。 44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发，离开；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知，病人正在恢复中。故选D。 45.考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting试图，尝试；B. choosing选择；C. pausing暂停；D. promising承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人，可推知她尝试着自己上床。故选A。 46.考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院，由此可知，此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。 47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估；B. requiring需要；C. forming形成；D. proving证明。根据“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要想把病人治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。 48.考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地；B. accidently意外地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选C。 49.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道别，推知她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。 50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜；B. delight喜悦；C. curiosity好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知，此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。故选B。 51.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选D。 52.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，由此推知她对护理团队的人告别，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境。故选C。 53.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached到达；B. consulted咨询；C. introduced介绍；D. persuaded说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一一道别可知，此处是指她走到一个护士的身边，用“reach”符合语境。故选A。 54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。结合常识和下文的“we were all just 13 our job”可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。故选D。 55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing获得，保护；D. starting开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱可推知，她认为照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。故选B。 56.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. repeated重复；B. recited背诵；C. replied回答，回应；D. reported报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作，不应该得到额外的礼物可知，此处是女病人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。 57.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. courage勇气；B. patience耐心；C. duty职责；D. care照顾。根据下文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。故选D。 58.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. goal目标；B. given该给的东西；C. push推力；D. greeting招呼。根据上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知，女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的（东西）。故选B。 59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。A. risking冒险；B. changing改变；C. saving拯救，挽救；D. building建设。根据上文内容可知，医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知，此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。 60.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开口处；D. extra额外的东西。根据下文的“To many people， 19 lives is part of the job”和“but”可知，此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该得到奖励。故选D。 Passage 3（2021浙江1月卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____16____on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I____17____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was____18____at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of____19____, my worries had gone. Everyone was so____20____and like-minded that it was very____21____to feel at home. I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____22____. We had to____23____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____24____way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire. My job was to____25____a stairway out of rock. This____26____climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never____27____. Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The____28____of knowing that my____29____will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive. But on the last night we were____30____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to____31____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only____32____part of my tent. ____33____, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____34____. I think I am much____35____for having taken part in the project. 16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research 17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found 18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited 19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking 20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious 21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy 22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course 23 A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy 24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick 25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard 26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant 27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed 28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention 29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story 30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated 31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing 32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft 33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either case 34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered 35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier 【参考答案】16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。 【答案详解】 16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate计算；B. negotiate协商；C. advertise登广告；D. research研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。 17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined想象；B. introduced介绍；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. found发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。 18.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一开始很担忧。故选C项。 19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达；B. sleeping睡觉；C. thinking思考；D. walking行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选A项。 20.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。 21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。 22.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。A. tour游览；B. project项目；C. campaign活动；D. course课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B项。 23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下；B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选C项。 24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知，作者他们走的路程不远。故选C项。 25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build建造；B. test测试；C. clean清洁；D. guard保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。 26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped帮助；B. ended结束；C. allowed允许；D. meant意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选D项。 27.考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted捕猎；B. trained训练；C. seen看到；D. fed喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前没有见过。故选C项。 28.考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A. satisfaction满意；B. ambition雄心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意图。根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A项。 29.考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A. work工作，作品；B. memory回忆；C. record记录；D. story故事。根据上文的“My job was to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。 30.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left离开；B. caught捉住；C. attacked袭击；D. separated分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。 31.考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. normal正常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D项。 32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy干净的；B. dry干的；C. new新的；D. soft软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。 33.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way顺便问一下；B. Regardless of that尽管这样；C. Needless to say 不用说；D. In either case在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。 34.考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived生存；B. resisted反抗；C. escaped逃离，抓牢；D. recovered恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A项。 35.考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter更聪明的；B. stronger更强壮的；C. happier更快乐的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。 Passage 4 (2020江苏卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success ___36___ fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the ____37____ in our lives. When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931， he had no ___38___ of knowing that his life was to change ____39____. The class experiment that day was to ____40____ how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. ____41____， the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat ____42____ held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it， the container ___43___， leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes. When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later， his parents ____44____ to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had ______45______ their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as ______46______. He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There， he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)______47______ public speaker. Later， he worked in Africa， where many people suffered from ______48______ for lack of proper treatment. For him， it was one thing to _____49_____ his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue _____50_____ it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the ______51______ Wilson made to preventing the ______52______. Wilson received several international ______53______ for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a _____54_____. He proved that it’s not what happens to us that ______55______ our lives-it’s what we make of what happens. 36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects 37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps 38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure 39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely 40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare 41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus 42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily 43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed 44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed 45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to 46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic 47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent 48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness 49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept 50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before 51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations 52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential 53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses 54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision 55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits 【参考答案】36. A 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。 【答案解析】 36.考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情看法。A. depends依靠；B. holds握，持有；C. keeps保持；D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知，仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend on：取决于。故选A。 37.考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. dilemmas进退两难的处境；B. accidents意外事故；C. events事，事件；D. steps脚步，步骤。结合文章最后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens”可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。 38.考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法，方式；B. hope希望；C. plan计划；D. measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。 39.考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. gracefully优雅地；D. completely完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。 40.考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。A. direct指导，引导；B. show展示；C. advocate提倡，倡导；D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。 41.考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. Anyway无论如何，不管怎样；B. Moreover而且；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D. Thus因此。不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。 42.考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. mistakenly错误地；B. casually随意地；C. amazingly令人惊奇地；D. clumsily笨拙地。老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。 43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted爆发，喷出；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied腾空，掏空；D. exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致Wilson失明。故选B。 44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得，应得，应受；B. attempted视图，尝试；C. cared关心，在乎； D. agreed同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选B。 45.考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to提交，服从……；B. catered for迎合；C. impressed on给……留下印象；D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。 46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的；B. extraordinary不同寻常的；C. impressive给人深刻印象的；D. catastrophic灾难性的，毁灭性的。根据上文his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常识，失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选D。 47.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A. accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific特定的，具体的；D. innocent无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的not only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A。 48.考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A. deafness聋，听力不佳；B. depression沮丧；C. blindness瞎；D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 ”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。故选C。 49.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定；B. abandon抛弃；C. control控制；D. accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There， he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努力进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。 50.考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到；B. when在……情况下，当……时候；C. unless如果不；D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下，让他们继续失明下去完全是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。 51考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对；B. adjustments调整，调节；C. commitment奉献，投入；D. limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和53空后的great contributions呼应。故选C。 52.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都能够恢复视力了。A. preventable可预防的，可阻止的；B. potential潜在的，有潜力的；C. spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的；D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知，威尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防的”情况。故选A。 53.考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖学金；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. awards奖，奖品；D. bonuses红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。 54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了视野。A. fortune运气，财富；B. recipe食谱，秘诀；C. dream梦，梦想；D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选D。 55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分，辨别；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称；D. limits限制。结合第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。 Passage 5 (2020天津卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school--- he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable. When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine （信条）and anything did I, 21 , copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. I could 22 my dad taking me to school, running into him 23 during the day and riding home with him every afternoon. As I grew older, we were not as 24 as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more .He wore his socks too high, listened to 25 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment. However, the 26 that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party, 27 as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me！ I wanted to run away. This 28 continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance .Things started to 29 around the time of my 10th-grade physics project. The 30 was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio（比率）. All the students and physics teachers 31 . So did my dad, the only administrator！ Embarrassed, as usual, I 32 the scene. 33 , later when I learned from my friends that my dad 34 all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my 35 was a touch of pride. I had needed someone else to show me what I 36 in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won； it was more than that. I began to 37 that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to 38 him, he still influenced me. I feel 39 to have such an unusual father. The 40 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown. 21.A.temporarily B.naturally C.originally D.passively 22.A.apply to B.count on C.see off D.pick out 23.A.gradually B.previously C.regularly D.eventually 24.A.close B.reliable C.generous D.confident 25.A.creative B.familiar C.horrible D.live 26.A.failures B.coincidences C.competitions D.disasters 27.A.dressed up B.broken down C.settled down D.signed up 28.A.debate B.party C.progress D.struggle 29.A.happen B.change C.grow D.disappear 30.A.issue B.task C.lesson D.procedure 31.A.participated B.protested C.hesitated D.explored 32.A.fled B.investigated C.pictured D.made 33.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.However 34.A.convinced B.defeated C.ignore D.evaluated 35.A.confusion B.encouragement C.embarrassment D.fascination 36.A.recommended B.tolerated C.doubted D.appreciated 37.A.recognize B.demand C.argue D.estimate 38.A.approach B.limit C.resist D.believe 39.A.puzzled B.fortunate C.concerned D.awkward 40.A.strategy B.habit C.relationship D.potential 【参考答案】 BBCAC DADBB AADBC DACBC 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过记叙作者的成长经历发表对父亲的一些看法和对父亲态度的转变的一些观点，那就是父子关系与成长的关系至关重要。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。 【答案解析】 21.考查副词辨析。句意：当我小弟时候，我父亲所说的一切都是信条，而我很自然的照搬。A. temporarily暂时地；B. naturally自然地；C. originally原始地；D. passively被动地。既然父亲说的都是信条，那作者自然地只有照做的份。故选B。 22.考查动词词组辨析。句意：我可以依靠他带我去上学。A. apply to申请；B. count on依靠；C. see off送行；D. pick out挑出。根据上文my dad and I have attended the same school可知，作者可以依靠父亲带作者去上学。故选B。 23.考查副词辨析。句意：在白天的时候有规律地遇见他，然后每天下午和他一起骑车回家。A. gradually渐渐地；B. previously之前；C. regularly有规律地；D. eventually最终地。因为其父亲是学校行政管理人员，故其行踪是固定的，其行动是有规律的。故选C。 24.考查形容词辨析。句意：随着我长大，我们不再那么亲密无间。A. close接近；B. reliable可靠的，值得信赖的；C. generous大方的；D. confident自信的。下一句He wasn't cool any more他不再那么酷。表明作者不再认为父亲是心目中的样子，自然也就起隔阂了，没有那么亲密无间的了。故选A。 25.考查形容词辨析。句意：他穿高筒袜子，听令人生厌的乡村音乐，大声地在我朋友面前笑，他完全变得让我难堪起来。A. creative创新的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. horrible极讨厌的；D. live鲜活的。根据He became a total embarrassment.父亲听听令人生厌的乡村音乐。故选C。 26.考查名词辨析。句意：然而，学校里发生的一切灾难甚至更糟糕。A. failures失败；B. coincidences巧合；C. competitions竞争；D. disasters灾难。根据the worst one happened in seventh grade.可知，学校里发生的一切灾难甚至更糟糕。故选D。 27.考查动词词组辨析。句意：我父亲来参加我们的新年晚会，化装成唐老鸭，手里拿着吉他唱着愚蠢的歌曲。这比杀我还难受。A. dressed up化妆；B. broken down破产；C. settled down定居，安顿下来；D. signed up报名，签名。根据Donald Duck可知，参加聚会，且装扮成唐老鸭自然要化妆。故选A。 28.考查名词辨析。句意：这种挣扎的心理直到高中，但我不管怎么说开始寻求一种平衡。A. debate争论；B. party党派；C. progress进步；D. struggle斗争，挣扎。这么多年的经历告诉我们作者内心是纠结的，挣扎于与父亲的关系上面。故选D。 29.考查动词辨析。句意：事情的改变史与我十年级的一次物理课项目。A. happen发生；B. change改变；C. grow生长；D. disappear消失。根据I found that mixed in with my...was a touch of pride.可知，事情开始在作者十年级物理课项上发生了变化。故选B。 30.考查名词辨析。句意：这项任务是用最好的强度比率建造一座木桥。A. issue话题；B. task任务；C. lesson教训；D. procedure程序，步骤。既然是建造木桥，那么就是此次项目的任务。故选B。 31.考查动词辨析。句意：所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。A. participated参加；B. protested辩护，抗争；C. hesitated犹豫不决；D. explored探索。根据 So did my dad, the only administrator！可知，我父亲也参与了，他是参加的唯一的领导。所以所有的同学和物理老师都参与进来了。故选A。 32.考查动词辨析。句意：像往常一样我逃离了现场。A. fled逃跑；B. investigated调查；C. pictured画画；D. made制造。根据上文I wanted to run away.可知，像往常一样告诉我们作者感到尴尬，做出逃跑这样的动作也属正常。故选A。 33.考查连接副词辨析。句意：然而，后来当我从朋友那里了解到我父亲击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹。A. Instead相反；取而代之；B. Otherwise要不然的话；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。接着下一句的内容：击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹时，作者的态度是发生了转变的。变成带有一丝自豪：a touch of pride.这与之前认为他父亲的行为让他尴尬的态度形成一个意义上的转折。故选D。 34.考查动词辨析。句意：然而，后来当我从朋友那里了解到我父亲击败所有的参赛者，赢得了每个人的赞叹。A. convinced令人信服；B. defeated击败；C. ignore忽略，忽视；D. evaluated评估，估计。从赢得了赞叹可以推出答案为击败对手。故选B。 35.考查名词辨析。句意：我发现我的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。A. confusion混乱；B. encouragement鼓励；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. fascination迷人，吸引人。根据上文之 He became a total embarrassment.可知，作者发现自己的尴尬中混合了一丝自豪。故选C。 36.考查动词辨析。句意：我需要别人让我了解自己对父亲的欣赏之情。。A. recommended推荐；B. tolerated忍受，忍耐；C. doubted怀疑；D. appreciated欣赏，感激。上句说有一丝的自豪感，自然对父亲有一丝欣赏的感觉。故选D。 37.考查动词辨析。句意：我开始意识到我们有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。A. recognize识别；B. demand需求；C. argue争论；D. estimate估计。根据we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions.可知，作者开始意识到我们有很多相同的价值观，而且有时候有很多相同的观点。故选A。 38.考查动词辨析。句意：无论我怎么抵制他，他仍然在影响着我。A. approach接近；B. limit限制；C. resist抵抗，拒绝；D. believe相信。根据前面的描述作者一直是嫌弃他父亲的行为的，所以在心理上是抵制他的。故选C。 39.考查形容词辨析。句意：我很幸运我有这样不同寻常的父亲。A. puzzled觉得困惑的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. concerned关心的，担忧的；D. awkward尴尬的，令人难堪的。根据such an unusual father. 可知，有这样不同寻常的父亲当然是幸运的一件事情。故选B。 40.考查名词辨析。句意：这么多年我和我父亲的关系使得我能回首看自己的成长经历。A. strategy方法，策略；B. habit习惯；C. relationship关系；D. potential潜力。根据has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown.可知，全文所讲的父子关系，无论是嫌弃也好，还是感觉自豪也罢。这么多年作者和作者父亲的关系使得作者能回首看自己的成长经历。故选C。 Passage 6 (2020天津卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant___16___- -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes， but it can be___17___in a clever way. The___18___? Chat benches. Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her___19___. The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who ___20___made her believe that he was her friend， and then she lent him about “f 31，000 . Jones was___21___ when she said that she didn’t actually___22___ being cheated. “Otherwise， 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end，” she said. This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely ___23___ people in his community， who are easy targets of cheating. So he___24___ to do something about it. He_____25_____ the police department to allow him to _____26_____ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that_____27_____:”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up， he found people sitting there and engaging in active and_____28_____ conversations. The idea is catching on_____29_____There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n)_____30_____ outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully _____31_____-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help_____32_____ the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. This effort is not just a(n) _____33_____ at being community minded- -it’s also a _____34_____ measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters. The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that_____35_____ those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future. 16. A. choice B. discovery C. visit D. promise 17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt 18. A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention 19. A. pleasure B. prize C. credit D. money 20. A. eventually B. frequently C. previously D. occasionally 21. A. ashamed B. shocked C. excited D. amused 22. A. mind B. forgive C. risk D. enjoy 23. A. active B. lonely C. cautious D. stubborn 24. A. learned B. refused C. pretended D. decided 25. A. forced B. ordered C. convinced D. taught 26. A. put away B. make out C. tear apart D. set up 27. A. read B. claimed C. meant D. implied 28. A. formal B. joyful C. awkward D. crazy 29. A. randomly B. slowly C. quickly D. purposefully 30. A. positive B. disappointing C. correct D. embarrassing 31. A. realized B. examined C. discussed D. formed 32. A. break down B. put up C. keep off D. take out 33. A. glance B. attempt C. knock D. attack 34. A. heart-breaking B. risk-taking C. face-saving D. crime-cutting 35. A. forbids B. appoints C. encourages D. troubles 【参考答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。 【答案解析】 16.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择；B. discovery发现；C. visit参观；D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大的发现。故选B。 17.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历；B. suffered遭受；C. prevented阻止；D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题，有阻止的方法。故选C。 18.考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案；B. puzzle谜；C. excuse借口；D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。故选A。 19.考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A. pleasure快乐；B. prize奖品；C. credit信用； D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £31，000可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。 20.考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，他最终让她相信他是她的朋友，然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. previously先前；D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑，由此可知，他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A。 21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。 22.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. mind介意；B. forgive原谅；C. risk冒险；D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise， 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end，” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。 23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的；B. lonely孤独的；C. cautious小心的； D. stubborn顽固的。上文老妇人说:“否则，我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”，结合下文，琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的社区中，有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。 24.考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习；B. refused拒绝；C. pretended假装；D. decided决定。下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动，由此可知，琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。 25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长椅”。A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. convinced说服；D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”，由此可知，他是说服了警察局。故选C。 26.考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”。A. put away放好；B. make out辨认出；C. tear apart把……弄乱；D. set up设立。根据a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。 27.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后，他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子，上面写着:“聊天愉快。” A. read写着；B. claimed宣称；C. meant意味；D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read，故选A。 28.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。A. formal正式的；B. joyful愉快的； C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”，可知人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。 29.考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. quickly很快地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。 30.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. correct正确的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此，推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。 31.考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现；B. examined检查；C. discussed讨论；D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。由此可知，琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。 32.考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破； B. put up提供；C. keep off不接近；D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知，“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A。 33.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. glance一瞥； B. attempt尝试；C. knock敲打；D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有趣的尝试。故选B。 34.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. heart-breaking令人心碎的；B. risk-taking冒险的；C face-saving顾全面子的；D. crime-cutting减少犯罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历，可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D。 35.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止；B. appoints任命；C. encourages鼓励；D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果，可知“聊天长椅”，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。 Passage 7 (2020年新课标Ⅰ卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door. I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?＂ Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through. 41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case 42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize 43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually 44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth 45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly 46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting 47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out 48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact 49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers 50 A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences 51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt 52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral 53. A. traditional B. important C. double D. original 54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history 55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of 56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of 57. A. real B. Typical C. similar D. limited 58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret 59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept 60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend 【参考答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. C 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。 【答案解析】 41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door， they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。 42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。 43.考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地；B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say， "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。 44.考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。 45.考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。 46.考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。 47.考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。 48.考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。 49.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母；B. twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。 50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制；B. explanations解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。 51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。 52.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。 53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important重要的；C. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。 54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. life生活；B. time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据Then when they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。 55.考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。 56.考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住；B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。 57.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真的；B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。 58.考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则；B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选C。 59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。 60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他门时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。 Passage 8 (2020新课标卷III）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, ___41___ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, ___42___their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ___43___ that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then ___44___ it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the ___45___ in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a ___46___ colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ___47___. I remember the first really ___48___ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was ___49___ absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather ____50____ that she became a “regular”. After a while, she ____51____ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat ____52____, and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on ____53____ people. That taught me a valuable ____54____ and I pass it on to the people who ____55____ in the market. Don’t take it ____56____. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not ____57____.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get ____58____. If you do, you won’t be able to ____59____ it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ____60____ everyone’s day. 41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists 42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying 43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear 44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume 45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods 46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural 47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing 48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult 49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about 50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed 51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized 52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty 53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely 54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade 55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel 56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually 57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well 58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law 59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame 60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves 【参考答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. A 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。 【答案解析】 41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员； D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。 42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying说；B. pretending假装；C. guessing猜测；D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选A。 43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。 44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。 45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。 46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. particular特别的；B. different不同的；C. matching相配的；D. natural自然的。结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。 47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting打架；B. smiling微笑；C. waiting等待；D. changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。 48.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. careless粗心的；D. difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。 49.考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D. uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。 50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。 51.考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论；C. prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。 53.考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。 53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的；B. such这样的；C. other其他的；D. lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。 54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson课程，教训；B. trick诡计；C. skill技能；D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。故选A。 55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work工作；B. shop购物；C. meet会面；D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。故选A。 56.考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly亲切地；B. secretly秘密地；C. personally亲自地；D. casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选C。 57.考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地；B. away离开；C. up向上；D. well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情况。故选D。 58.考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见；B. in the way妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。 59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调；B. expect期待；C. handle处理；D. blame责备。结合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。 60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭；B. makes制作；C. starts开始；D. saves拯救。结合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。故选A。 Passage 9（2019天津卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some______16______station. The____17____moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the_____18_____of that little wallet？The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus. Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband _____19_____it while I was on the phone in the dining room. "Does Jennifer live here？" I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet，with not a penny_____20_____. She left before I could ____21____ make it to the door to offer my thanks. After sharing the story online, I heard from someone，who ____22____ the lady as Erin Smith. Without ___23___, I called to thank her. She said she ____24____ my wallet on a bus seat. She_____25_____that going to a stranger's house was a ____26____ move, but she decided to take the chance. "If I were in that ____27____ I would want someone to try to find me, " she said. This one stranger responded beautifully to my small ____28____ , but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin ____29____ my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum（论坛），trying to see ____30____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never ____31____ words with those moms beyond small tall, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that's not how the people I_____32_____tend to act. ___33___, I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone ____34____what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night，and for that I was extremely ____35____ . 16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient 17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping 18. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients 19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted 20. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned 21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even 22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined 23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation 24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted 25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended 26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal 27. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere 28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure 29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of 30. A. if B. where C. how D. when 31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered 32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany 33. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back？ D. Coming along 34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond 35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful 【参考答案】CDBBD DCADC BCADA BACDD 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动。文章叙述了事情的来龙去脉和作者的感受。 【答案解析】 16.考查形容词辨析。根据前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was gone.”可以推知，作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，而汽车正在开往某个作者未知的地方，这使得找回钱包的希望渺茫，因此作者心生“恐惧”。故C选项(unknown)切题。 17.考查形容词辨析。根据上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近，D选项（heart-stopping）切题：令人心跳停止的，惊心动魄的。 18.考查名词辨析。该空指下文中提到的“the credit cards， the driver’s license， the cash”，这些都是钱包里装的东西。故选B(content)：所含之物，所容纳之物。 19.考查动词辨析。两小时后有人敲门，丈夫去应门。B选项（answer）切题：应（门）；接（电话）；应答。 20.考查动词辨析。结合下文的陈述可知，那位女士捡到了作者的钱包，她拾金不昧，将钱包完璧归赵。由此可以推知，该处指“钱包里的钱一分也没有丢失”。故A选项（missing）切题：不见的，丢失的。 21.考查副词辨析。作者甚至还没有来得及到门口感谢那位女士，她就离开了。该空表示“甚至”，故选D选项（even）：甚至。 22.考查动词辨析。在网上分享了这个故事之后，作者收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了那位女士是Erin Smith。C选项(identify)切题：确认，认出，识别。 23.考查动词辨析。找到了那位拾金不昧的女士，作者当然要“马上，毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。A选项（delay）切题：耽搁，延迟。 24.考查动词辨析。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故选D选项(spot)：发现，认出。 25.考查动词辨析。根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知，这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同时，Erin又不认识作者。由此推知，该句应指：Erin估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。C选项（calculate）正确：估算，估计，预料。 26.考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和she decided to take the chance（她决定冒险）是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项（risky）正确：冒险的。 27.查名词辨析。该句叙述的是Erin当时的想法：“如果我处在那种情况下（指丢了钱包这种情形），我希望有个人努力地找到我”。该空表示“情况，情形”，故选C选项（situation）：情况，情形。 28.考查名词辨析。作者丢了钱包，对于作者来说，这是一个“危机，危难时刻”。故选A选项（crisis）：危机，危难时刻。 29.考查动词短语辨析。Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在归还作者之前，钱包在Erin的手里，Erin暂时“拥有，占有”作者的钱包。故D选项正确。take possession of意为“拥有，占有”。 30. 考查连词辨析。Erin把作者的驾照图片发到一个论坛里，想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”，故选A选项（if）：是否。 31.考查动词辨析。根据后面的转折词but可知，该句和后面一句（她们想帮忙）转折关系，由此推知，该句指：除了闲聊，作者和那两位妈妈从来没有说过话，即：从未和她们“交换过词语”。B选项（exchange）正确：交换，互换。 32.考查动词辨析。作者曾经读到这样的说法：人们比以往更加四分五裂，即：人们不像以前那样团结，不像以前那样互相帮助了。但是，作者遇到的这些人的行为方式不是那样的。上文中提到的Erin，two moms都是作者遇到的人。故A选项（encounter）正确：偶遇，遇到，邂逅。 33.考查动词短语辨析。回顾发生的这件事，作者感到很幸运：有人想帮助一个陌生人。C选项（look back）正确：回顾，追忆。 34.考查介词辨析。根据倒数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知，一般人在捡到别人的钱包后，都不会像Erin那样亲自归还失主。因此该句指：Erin的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过，超越”，故选D选项（beyond）：超过，超越。 35.考查形容词辨析。Erin在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还作者的钱包，作者对此非常感激。D选项（grateful）正确：感激的。 Passage 10（2019江苏卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence. Chris and Tim work at a zoo， helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma， a female crane， has been in their ___39___ since she arrived in 2004. Born at an international crane foundation， Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___， though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She ___43___ to live with male cranes， and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them， which made it ___45___ for her to become a mother. ___46___， the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts， they successfully developed a ___47___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48___ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes. The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ___49___， more efforts must be made， because the population of the crane in the wild is on the ___50___， and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___， not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts， feelings， and most importantly， equal rights to survive. How can we ___52___ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the ___53___: human beings took it for granted that their ___54___ held all the solutions， but maybe their hearts can be a better ___55___. 36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing 37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove 38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration 39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story 40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized 41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice 42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully 43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated 44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation 45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible 46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead 47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system 48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled 49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant 50. A.list B. rise C. agenda D. decline 51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary 52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify 53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward 54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects 55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝。白鹤就是其中之一。但是，有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。Chris和Tim通过努力，帮助一只名叫Emma的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。 【答案解析】 36.考查动词辨析。根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“…the species from going out of existence”可以推知，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝，即：“消失”。D选项正确。 37.考查动词辨析。前文提到每天都有物种消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种，使它们免于灭绝。故B选项正确。 38.考查名词辨析。上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种，由此推知，该处应指Chris和Tim帮助濒危物种繁殖，增加它们的数量，这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”，C选项正确。 39.考查名词辨析。自从2004年，Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选A。 40.考查动词辨析。根据空后的“human caretakers”可知，caretaker当然是照看Emma的。故该句应指：出生在一个国际鹤基地，Emma由人类抚养照看。故选C。 41.考查名词辨析。根据空后的though（尽管）可知，though前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到，她过得很开心。根据转折关系，那么前文应该表示“但是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B选项正确。 42．考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans…even …killing some of them”等内容可知，因为Emma一直由人类照看，所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A。 43.考查动词辨析。根据上文，Emma不把自己当作鹤，所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B选项正确。 44.考查名词辨析。根据even（甚至）这个递进关系可知，Emma不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭著”。故D选项正确。 45.考查形容词辨析。Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤，成为妈妈。D选项正确。 46.考查连词辨析。上文提到Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知，上下文之间是转折关系。C选项正确。 47.考查名词辨析。经过努力，Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。A选项正确。 48.考查动词辨析。Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起，这使得Emma诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使……能够做某事”，D选项正确。 49.考查形容词辨析。根据后文的more efforts must be made可以推知，尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲，但是他们还需要付出更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心（白鹤不会灭绝）。故选C。assured意为“确定的，有把握的，自信的”。 50.考查动词辨析。根据because可知，前后句之间是因果关系，根据more efforts must be made可以推知，野生白鹤数量在减少，所以，还要付出更多的努力（来挽救白鹤灭绝）。故D选项正确。 51.考查介词辨析。前文提到：野生白鹤数量正在减少，很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到，并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想，感情，以及平等生存的权利。很明显，该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故B选项正确。after all：毕竟（用于解释和说明理由）。 52.考查动词辨析。针对上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？B选项正确。 53.考查名词辨析。前文提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？Chris和Tim的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C选项正确。 54.考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出，人类认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。即：人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A选项正确。 55.考查名词辨析。根据转折词but可以推知，人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故A选项正确。 Passage 11（2018北京卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable. After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained £400 in notes， with another £50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35， 000—in Glasgow city centre， they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 . The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 . Mr. Anderson said: ＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 . It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.＂ Mr. Smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area， which by yesterday had received £8，000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street； he’s had job 34 and all sorts，＂ Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith， this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because 27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge 【文本导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章讲述了流浪汉Tom发现一辆车窗开着的汽车前座上有一个钱包。Tom冒雨等了数个小时，在查找不到车主身份的情况下将钱包交到了警察局。钱包的主人Mr. Anderson在得知一切后，将Tom的善举发布到了Facebook上。Tom的行为引发了人们的好评和帮助。这件事印证了一句俗语：善有善报。 【答案解析】 16.考查名词词义辨析。A. hope希望；B. aim目标；C. urge强烈的欲望，冲动；D. effort努力。上一句提到，对很多人来说，一个装有£400无人看管的钱包是一种诱惑（它诱惑着人们将其据为己有）。结合该句中的比较级greater可知，对于一个无家可归的人来说，这样的一个钱包是一个更大的诱惑，将其据为己有的欲望会更大。该空对应上一句中的“a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）”，C选项正确。 17.考查副词词义辨析。A. still仍然；B. even更加，愈发，甚至；C. ever曾经；D. once曾经，一度。所有这一切使得流浪汉Tom Smith的行为更加的不同寻常。even在该句中修饰比较级more remarkable。B选项正确。 18.考查名词词义辨析。A. wallet钱包；B. bag包；C. box盒子，箱子；D. parcel包裹，包袱。由第三段中的After hours in the cold and wet， he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID可知，Tom Smith发现一辆汽车的前排座上有一个钱包。当时这辆车停在那儿，窗户摇了下来。A选项正确。 19.考查名词词义辨析。A. partner同伴，伙伴；B. colleague同事；C. owner主人；D. policeman警察。Tom冒雨等待车主回来。C选项正确。 20.考查动词词义辨析。A. turned转动；B. hid藏，隐藏；C. stepped迈步，举步；D. reached伸手去拿，到达。由后面的pulled the wallet out可知，在雨里等了数个小时后，Tom将手伸进车窗，将钱包拿了出来。D选项正确。 21.考查动词词义辨析。A. discover发现；B. collect搜集；C. check核对，检查；D. believe相信。Tom将钱包拿出来企图找到一些身份证明，这样他就能联系司机了，结果他却发现钱包里装着£400的纸币和£50的零钱。A选项正确。 22.考查动词词义辨析。A. taking带走；B. leaving留下，落下，离开；C. reading读；D. writing写。他拿着钱包去了附近的警察局，在车上留下了一张便条，其目的是让车主知道他的钱包是安全的。B选项正确。 23.考查形容词词义辨析。A. satisfied满意的；B. excited兴奋的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. shocked震惊的。当车主返回时，发现自己的车边有警察，应该感到很惊讶。故D选项正确。 24.考查形容词/动词词义辨析。A. safe安全的；B. missing不见的，丢失的；C. found发现，找到；D. seen看见。由该段开头可知，Tom将钱包带去了警察局，因此该处警察告诉John他的钱包是安全的。A选项正确。 25.考查名词词义辨析。A. service服务；B. support支持；C. kindness善意，善良；D. encouragement鼓励。Tom将钱包交给警察，没有据为己有，这是一种善举。故C选项正确。 26.考查状语从句引导词。A. when在……情况下，既然；B. if如果；C. where表地点；D. because因为。在Tom本来可以偷了钱去支付一个可以睡觉的地方的情况下，他仍然选择了露宿街头（没有偷钱）。所以Mr. Anderson对Tom的行为感到很惊讶。A选项正确。 27.考查副词词义辨析。A. rather相当；B. yet但是；C. already已经；D. just仅仅。Tom什么都没有，但是他没有拿走钱包。前后两句话之间是转折关系，故B选项正确。 28.考查副词词义辨析。A. too也；B. though但是；C. again再，又；D. instead代替。Tom没有拿走钱包，他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。D选项正确。 29.考查形容词词义辨析。A. honest诚实的；B. polite礼貌的；C. rich富有的；D. generous慷慨的。Tom没有拿走钱包，而是把它交到了警察局，这是一种诚实的行为。A选项正确。 30.考查动词词义辨析。A. gave给；B. paid支付；C. cast投掷，投射；D. drew吸引。Tom的行为吸引了公众的关注。D选项正确。 31.考查动词词义辨析。A. learned学习，学会；B. posted发布，张贴；C. cared关心，在意；D. heard听到。由后面的Facebook(一个社交网站)可知，在Mr. Anderson将Tom的善举发布到Facebook上之后，Tom赢得了社交媒体使用者的赞扬。B选项正确。 32.考查动词词义辨析。A. borrow借；B. raise筹集；C. save挽救，节省；D. earn挣（钱）。Mr. Anderson在网上发起一个运动来为Tom和其他无家可归的人筹钱。B选项正确。 33.考查介词。大家向Tom表示出的信任触动了Tom。faith意为“信任，相信”，常和介词in搭配，意为“对……的信任，相信……”，故D选项正确。 34.考查名词词义辨析。A. details细节；B. changes改变；C. offers提供（物），给予（物），提议；D. applications应用，申请。该句应指Tom得到了人们的帮助，人们为他提供工作和其他的东西。C选项正确。 35.考查名词词义辨析。A. lesson课；B. adventure冒险；C. chance机会；D. challenge挑战。这件事对于流浪汉Tom来说是一个可以改变终生的机会。C选项正确。 Passage 12（2018·全国卷I）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 . Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist. 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired 44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor 45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant 46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest 47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat 48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job 49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible 50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe 51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare 52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally 53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment 54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation 55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised 56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill 57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments 58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control 59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate 60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior 【参考答案】BCADD CBDCB CACBA DBADA 【文本导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了我在大二学的免费课程——下棋及它对我生活的指导意义。 【答案解析】 41.考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出； jumped at急于接收；tried out尝试；turned down拒绝。故选B。 42.考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱； save节省；pay付钱。故选C。 43.考查形容词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。excited激动的；兴奋的；worried担心的；moved感动的；tired劳累的。故选A。 44.考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。title头衔；题目； competitor竞赛者；textbook教科书； instructor导师。故选D。 45.考查动词辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Urged督促 ；demanded要求； held握住； meant意味着。故选D。 46.考查形容词词义辨析。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。Fastest最快的；easiest最早的；best最好的；rarest最稀少的。故选C。 47.考查动词词义辨析。我迫不及待地想见到他。Interview面试； meet见面； challenge挑战；beat击败。故选B。 48.考查名词词义辨析。一位先前的毕业生回校教书，这项工作对他来说根本不是游戏。Chance机会；qualification合格；honor荣誉；job工作。故选D。 49.考查形容词辨析。在他的介绍中，他明确指出这些学分不容易得到。Real真实的；perfect完美的； clear清楚的； possible可能的。故选C。 50.考查动词词义辨析。为了通过考试，我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的东西应用于未来的职业中。Attend参加；pass通过； skip跳跃； observe遵守。故选B。 51.考查动词词义辨析。我们必须写一篇关于把我们在课堂里学到的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply把……运用于…… 52.考查副词词义辨析。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。eventually最终；naturally自然地； directly直接地；normally正常地。故选A。 53.考查名词辨析。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。game游戏；presentation介绍；陈述；course课程；experiment实验。故选C。 54.考查名词辨析。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活课程。Criterion标准；classroom教室；department部门；系； situation情况。故选B。 55.考查动词词义辨析。和Ashley学了象棋课程之后10年里，我仍在应用他教我的东西。Taught教；wrote写；questioned提问；promised承诺。故选A。 56.考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Fact事实；step步；manner方式；skill技能。故选D。 57.考查名词词义辨析。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。Grades等级；decisions决定；impressions印象；comments评论。故选B。 58.考查动词词义辨析。每一步你都必须分析形势，审视对手要做什么。Analyze分析；describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。故选A。 59.考查动词词义辨析。从你所有的选择中，评估出最好的一步。Announce宣布；signal发信号；block阻塞；evaluate评估。故选D。 60.考查名词词义辨析。现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。 Passage 13 (2018浙江卷) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much? I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ___39____ When I got into college, things __40 . I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this ___41___ there was no sense of ___42____ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became 43 .Once that happened， I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work alone. One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 48 , I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job， he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50 .He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and succeed. So, try 53 your time with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done, ask a 55 person to do it. 36. A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible 37. A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect 38. A. watched B. loved. C. coached D. played 39.A. at last B. right away C. of course D. mattered 40.A. happened B. repeated C. changed D. mattered 41.A. extra B .difficult. C. valuable D. limited 42.A. duty B. achievement C .urgency D. direction 43.A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit 44. A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling 45. A. hanging out B. staying up C. jogging round D. showing off 46. A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired 47. A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making 48. A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding 49.A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply 50.A. childhood B. college C. town D. business 51.A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept 52. A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way 53.A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading 54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact 55. A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind 【文本导读】作者通过亲身经历告诉我们：拥有太多时间就会拖延做事情，时间紧迫反而能合理安排时间把事情做好。 【答案解析】 36.考查形容词。A. true真实的；B. fair公平的；C. strange奇怪的；D. possible可能的。句意：我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但是拥有的时间太多可能会把事情做好吗?表示“可能的”，表示作者的疑问，故选D。 37.考查动词。A. remember记得；B. admit承认；C. understand理解；D. expect期望。此处表示回忆起高中时自己的生活，表示“回忆起”是remember back，故选A。 38.考查动词。A. watched观察；B. loved热爱；C. coached训练；D. played玩。此处指自从我进行团体体育锻炼后多数时间在学校，表示“进行体育锻炼”是play sport，故选D。 39.考查固定短语。A.at last最后；B. right away立刻，马上；C. of course当然；D. mattered因为在校时间多，在家做作业的时间就少了，所以在家时必须马上写作业。下文do my school work immediately给了提示，故选B。 40.考查动词。A. happened发生；B. repeated重复；C. changed改变；D. mattered要紧。大学生活和高中生活不一样，所以说发生了改变。根据常识选C。 41.考查形容词。A. extra额外的；B .difficult.困难的；C. valuable有价值的；D. limited有限的。此处指大学里有许多额外的时间，故选A。 42.考查名词。A. duty责任；B. achievement成就；C .urgency紧急；D. direction方向。大学里没有马上做作业的紧迫感，与高中时抓紧时间做作业形成对比，故选C。 43.考查名词。A. burden负担；B. relief救济；C. risk冒险；D. habit习惯。由于不急着写作业，所以后来就形成了等的习惯。故选D。 44.考查动词。A. pushing推；B. taking拿；C. setting放置；D. calling呼唤。与上文的waiting呼应，指形成等的习惯后，我就不断地把学习往后推，越推越远。根据常识也可知答案，故选A。 45.考查动词短语。A. hanging out挂出，常去某处；B. staying up熬夜； C. jogging round慢跑；D. showing off炫耀。根据late at night可知是熬夜，此处指作业等到最后熬夜完成，故选B。 46.考查动词。A. met遇见；B. helped帮助；C. treated治疗；D. hired雇用。此处指遇到了以前的同学，根据句意选A。 47.考查动词。A. raising举起；B. wasting浪费；C. demanding要求；D. making获得。此处指经营副业挣了许多钱，“挣钱”是make money，故选D。 48.考查形容词。A. safe安全的；B. important重要的；C. boring无聊的；D. rewarding有益的。因为他的常规工作是无聊的，所以作者建议他把副业作为全职工作。故选C。 49.考查副词。A. luckily幸运地；B. hardly几乎不；C. hopefully有希望地；D. simply简单地。朋友说如果没有这个工作，很简单他就会有太多无聊的时间。根据句意可知选D。 50.考查名词。A. childhood童年时期；B. college大学；C. town城镇；D. business商业。他就会像我大学时一样因为有太多的时间而不忙着做事，与上文内容呼应，故选B。 51.考查动词。A. quit放弃；B. found发现； C. accepted接受； D. kept保持。如果他放弃工作，就会失去工作和成功的动力。与作者的建议呼应，故选A。 52.考查名词。A. heart心脏；B. chance机会；C. drive驱动力；D. way方法。此处指如果他放弃工作，就失去了紧迫感，就会失去工作和成功的动力。表示“动力”，故选C。 53.考查动词。A. saving节约；B. filling up装满；C. giving up放弃；D. trading交易。句意：试着用其他工作装满你的时间，使自己忙起来。故选B。 54.考查名词。A. message消息；B. story故事；C. saying谚语；D. fact事实。此处指if you want something done， ask a 55 person to do it.这句谚语，故选C。 55.考查形容词。A. careful小心的；B. busy忙碌的；C. reliable可靠的；D. kind善良的。此处指如果你想做某事，请忙碌的人去做。忙碌的人会抓紧时间完成，不忙的人只会拖延时间。故选B。 Passage 14 (2016全国卷II）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk. And they’ve never actually 41 you. Everything they know about you 42 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 43 they feel they can know you 44 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 45 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 46 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 47 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 48 me. I sometimes wished to 49 another agent. One morning, I had to 50 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 51 . The woman sitting at the desk, 52 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 53 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 54 immediately. ＂What a wonderful lady! ＂ I thought. Rushing out 55 I called out over my shoulder, ＂By the way, what’s your name?＂ ＂I’m Rani,＂ she said. I turned around and saw a 56 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 57 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 58 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 59 — her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 60 — were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 41.A.accepted B.noticed C.heard D.met 42.A.came B.moved C.ran D.developed 43.A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed 44.A.rather B.also C.just D.already 45.A.telephone B.voice C.connection D.impression 46.A.direct B.useful C.easy D.accurate 47.A.in person B.by myself C.in public D.on purpose 48.A.annoyed B.interested C.discouraged D.confused 49.A.promote B.train C.find D.know 50.A.arrange B.postpone C.confirm D.book 51.A.for the first time B.at any time C.from time to time D.in good time 52.A.expecting B.seeing C.testing D.avoiding 53.A.shy B.comforting C.familiar D.forced 54.A.bill B.form C.ticket D.list 55.A.hopefully B.disappointedly C.gratefully D.regretfully 56.A.careful B.serious C.nervous D.pleasant 57.A.amused B.worried C.helpless D.speechless 58.A.calm B.nice C.proud D.clever 59.A.forgiveness B.eagerness C.friendliness D.skillfulness 60.A.explanation B.attitude C.concept D.behavior 【参考答案】DABCA DAACD ABBCC DDBCB 【文本导读】本文属于夹叙夹议文。“我”通过电话与“我”的代理商Rani交流时发现，她比较“冷漠”，让我很生气，甚至有了换人的想法。后来实际生活中的一次接触让我发现原来“我”的看法完全是错误的。生活中的Rani是一个很善良体贴的人。以此告诉我们不要随意下结论，要全面思考问题。 【答案解析】 41.考查动词辨析。句意：你们也许从来都没有见过面。A. accepted接受；B. noticed注意；C. heard听说；听见；D. met遇见。根据第一句可知很多人只是通过电话了解你，你们也许从来都没有见过面，只是通过电话交流。故D正确。 42.考查动词辨析。句意：他们对你的了解来自电话。A. came来；B. moved移动；C. ran奔跑；D. developed发展，开发。他们对你的了解来自电话，因为你们之间的距离通常非常遥远，甚至在千里之外。故A正确。 43.考查副词。句意：虽然你们之间的距离很远，但是他们觉得通过你的声音就可以了解你。上下文之间是转折关系，所以使用副词yet。故B正确。 44.考查副词辨析。句意：别人认为只是通过声音就可以了解你。A. rather相当地；B. also也；C. just只是；D. already已经。本句使用just表示强调，别人认为只是通过声音就可以了解你。故C正确。 45.考查名词辨析。句意：这就是电话的强大之处。根据6空后的“only by phone”可知这里说的是电话的强大之处，故A正确。 46.考查形容词辨析。句意：电话虽然很强大，但有时并不准确。A. direct直接的；B. useful有用的；C. easy容易的；D. accurate准确的。本空前的but说明上下文之间是转折关系，电话虽然很强大，但有时并不准确。故D正确。 47.考查介词短语辨析。A. in person亲自；B. by myself靠自己；C. in public当众；D. on purpose故意地。A项与空前的faceless相呼应，Rani是代理人，但是我们从来没有碰过面。故A正确。 48.考查动词辨析。句意：Rani在电话里的声音很冷漠，让我很烦恼。A. annoyed 使烦恼；B. interested 使感兴趣；C. discouraged 使气馁；D. confused使困惑。空前的cold voice可知Rani在电话里的声音很冷漠，让我很不高兴，甚至想过要另外找一个代理人。说明我对她冷漠的声音很恼怒。故A正确。 49.考查动词辨析。句意：我有时想另找代理人。A. promote促进；B. train训练；C. find寻找，找到；D. know知道。正是因为Rani的声音让我很不舒服，所以我曾经想过另找代理人。故C正确。 50.考查动词辨析。句意：因为家中的紧急事情我要立刻预订回家的航班。A. arrange安排；B. postpone推迟；C. confirm确认；D. book预订。表示预定机票，故D正确。 51.考查介词短语。句意：我第一次去了Rani的办公室。A. for the first time第一次；B. at any time随时；C. from time to time有时，不时；D. in good time及时地，迅速地。因为情况紧急，所以我第一次去了Rani的办公室。故A正确。 52.考查动词辨析。句意：她看见我很着急，Rani非常同情我，给了我安慰的笑容。A. expecting期待，预料；B. seeing看见；C. testing检测；D. avoiding避免。故选B。 53.考查形容词辨析。句意：她给了我安慰的微笑。A. shy害羞的；B. comforting安慰的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. forced被迫的。她看到我很着急，笑着安慰我。故B正确。 54.考查名词辨析。句意：Rani很快帮我把机票打印出来。A. bill账单；B. form表格；C. ticket票；D. list清单。由30空可知我要预订回家的机票，这里指Rani很快帮我把机票打印出来。故C正确。 55.考查副词辨析。A. hopefully充满希望地；B. disappointedly感到失望地；C. gratefully感激地；D. regretfully遗憾地。对方如此迅速地帮我把机票打印出来，而且一直面带微笑，这让我心存感激。故C项正确。 56.考查形容词辨析。句意：我转过身，看见一个令人愉快的女人脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，招手祝我一路平安。A. careful细心的；B. serious严肃的，认真的；C. nervous紧张的；D. pleasant令人愉快的。现实生活中的Rani富有同情心，待人热情大方，是一个令人愉快的相处对象。故D项正确。 157.考查形容词辨析。A. amused好笑的；B. worried担心的；C. helpless 无助的；D. speechless无语的。现实生活中的她是如此的体贴大方，而我之前却认为她很冷漠，我真是无话可说。故D项正确。 58.考查形容词辨析。之前我认为Rani很冷漠，但却没有想到实际生活中的Rani是如此的美好善良。A. calm 平静的；B. nice美好的； C. proud骄傲的； D. clever聪明的。故B项正确。 59.考查名词辨析。句意：Rani的友善——她温暖的微笑，她的点头，她“我在这里为你”的态度——都是无声的信号，没有通过电线传递。A. forgiveness谅解；B. eagerness急切；C. friendliness友好；D. skillfulness熟练。从上文内容可知Rani对我非常友好善良，并没有电话中的那种冷漠的感觉。故C项正确。 60.考查名词辨析。A. explanation解释；B. attitude态度；C. concept概念；D. behavior行为。Rani善良友好的态度并没有从电话线中传递过去。B项指Rani对我的友好态度。故B项正确。 Passage 15 (2015浙江卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford，I’ve watched one friend after another land high­ranking，high­paying Wall Street jobs. As executives (高级管理人员) with banks，consulting firms，established law firms，and major corporations，many are now __21__ on their way to impressive careers. By society’s __22__，they seem to have it made. On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind，many had a __23__ drink at their cheap but friendly local bar，shook hands with long­time roommates，and __24__ out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine __25__ a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. The thing is，a number of them have __26__ that despite their success，they aren’t happy. Some __27__ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight­hour workweeks devoted to tasks they __28__.Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and __29__.However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the __30__ to which they have so quickly become __31__. People often speak of trying a more satisfying path，and __32__ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they __33__ or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion：it’s __34__.They have loans，bills，a mortgage(抵押贷款) to __35__，retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something __36__ in their lives，but it’s __37__ to step off the track. In a society that tends to __38__ everything in terms of dollars and cents，we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our __39__ in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs __40__ in pursuing money over meaning？These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most. 21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well 22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked 25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected 26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded 27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve 28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect 29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty 30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project 31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available 32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather 33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in 34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable 35. A. take off B. drop off C. put off D. pay off 36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining 37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal 38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver 39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced 【参考答案】DBABC CABDC AADCD ABADB 【文本导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述作者大学毕业后在工作和生活体验中理解了成功的真正含义，指出“物质上的成功和享受并不代表精神的富足和幸福”这一价值趋向。 【答案解析】 21.考查副词以及对语境的理解。 A. much意为许多，B. never意为绝不，C. seldom意为很少，D. well意为好。根据前一句话“I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations,” 者的很多朋友已经成为“银行、咨询公司、法律事务所以及大公司等的高级管理人员”，此处表示“现在很多人在职业之路上是非常出色的”，well是“表现出色地，很好地”之意，符合语境。故选D。 22. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。 A. policies意为政策，B. standards意为标准，C. experiments意为实验，D. regulations意为规章制度。根据语境可知，从社会的标准来看，他们似乎已经创造了它。​根据空格前面的介词by及上下文语境可推知，此处表示“按照……标准”。故选B。 23. 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. last意为最后的，B. least 意为最少的，C. second意为第二，D. best意为最好的。根据前面的“As they left student life behind...”可知，当他们离开学校时，很多人去便宜且友好的当地酒吧喝最后一次酒。所以选A。 24. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. cycled意为骑车或循环，B. moved意为搬家，C. slid 意为滑落，D. looked意为看。根据上文不难得出生活好了，以后都不会去（这是最后一次去）这些廉价的酒吧了，也搬到好的地方住了。所以选B。 25.考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. shared意为分享，B. paid 意为支付，C. equaled意为等同，D. collected意为收集，They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine a college year’s monthly rent.句意是：生活好了，预订的房间里的酒价格等同于大学一个月的房租。equal与……相等或相同，符合语境。故选C。 26.考查动词以及对语境的理解。 A. advertise意为广告，B. witnessed意为目击，C. admitted 意为承认，D. demanded意为要求。“The thing is, a number of them have that despite their success, they aren’t happy.” 意为很多人承认，尽管他们很成功，但是很不开心。admitted承认，表示人们的看法或想法，符合语境。故选C。 27. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. complain意为抱怨，B. dream意为梦想，C. hear 意为听到，D. approve意为证明。根据上一句的不开心，所以不难得出答案是抱怨。故选A。 28. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. distribute意为分发，B. hate意为厌恶，C. applaud意为鼓掌，D. neglect意为忽略。根据上文的不开心和抱怨，不能得出答案是厌恶。故选B。 29.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. calm意为平静，B. guilty意为有罪的，C. warm意为温暖，D. empty意为空的，累的。根据空格前后的语境，特别是feeling tired可推知，此处表示有些人并不尊重自己为之工作的公司，而且会感到厌倦和空虚，故此处答案为empty，意为“空虚的”与tired感情色彩一致。故选D。 30. 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. family意为家庭，B. government意为政府，C. lifestyle意为生活方式，D. project意为项目。前文提到很多都是生活，如学校生活，工作生活，结合语境不能得出答案是生活方式。故选C。 31.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. accustomed意为习惯的，B. appointed意为指定的，C. unique意为独一无二的，D. available意为可利用的。“However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the to which they have so quickly become . 意为“但是，不是全身心投入于工作，他们发现工作只是为了维持这种很快就习以为常的生活方式。”固定表达become accustomed to对……变得习以为常，习惯于。故选A。 32. 考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. yet意为但是，表转折，B. also 意为也，表递进，C. instead 意为代替，D. rather意为相反。此句是长难句。意为：人们总是说走一种满意的道路，离职去从事他们自己看好的事情，或者找到一个能让他们有更多时间和家人在一起的职位，几乎总是会让他们得出同样的结论，：这不可能。根据上下文可知，这里表示转折关系，故要用yet。所以选A。 33. 考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. let out 意为发出，B. turn in意为上交，归还，C. give up 意为放弃，D. believe in意为相信。然而，最后，离职去从事他们自己看好的事情，或者找到一个能让他们有更多时间和家人在一起的职位，几乎总是会让他们得出同样的结论：这不可能。。believe in相信，符合语境。故选D。 34.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. fundamental意为基本的，B. practical意为实践的，C. impossible意为不可能的，D. unforgettable意为难忘的。此句是长难句。意为：然而，最后，离职去从事他们自己看好的事情，或者找到一个能让他们有更多时间和家人在一起的职位，几乎总是会让他们得出同样的结论：这不可能。​联系下文可知，想法没有成为现实，impossible，意为“不可能的”。故选C。 35. 考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. take off 意为起飞，B. drop off 意为减少，C. put off意为推迟，D. pay off意为付清。句意：他们有借款、账单、抵押货款需要支付。​根据空格前面的loans，bills，a mortgage可知，此处表示“有借款、账单、抵押货款需要付清”。根据mortgage（抵押贷款）以及结合常识，不难得出答案。故选D。 36.考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. missing意为失去，B. inspiring意为鼓舞，C. sinking 意为沉没，D. shining意为闪亮。句意是为他们意识到，在生活中失去missing了一些什么，但是他们却很难离开这个轨迹。根据句意不难得出答案。故选A。 37.考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. harmful 意为有害的，B. hard 意为困难的，C. useful意为有用的，D. normal意为正常的。句意是：他们意识到，在生活中失去了一些什么，但是他们却很难离开这个轨迹。根据句意不难得出答案。故选B。 38. 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. measure 意为衡量，B. suffer意为遭受，C. digest意为消化，D. deliver意为运送。句意为：当前的社会，人们趋向于用钱来衡量measure所有的事情，我们在很小的时候就知道，应该考虑我们决定的经济代价。用金钱来衡量一切的社会，金钱是人们进行判断事情的倾向，故选A。 39.考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. disasters 意为灾难，B. motivations意为动机，C. campaigns意为战役，D. decisions意为决定。句意为：当前的社会，人们趋向于用钱来衡量所有的事情，我们在很小的时候就知道，应该考虑我们决定decisions的经济代价。故选D。 40.考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. assessed意为评估，B. involved意为涉及，C. covered意为覆盖，D. reduced意为减少。involved in 意为参与；涉及。句意为：我们参与追求钱高于意义的过程中，所涉及的个人以及社会代价呢？我们参与追求钱高于意义的活动过程。故选B。 Passage 16 (2012江苏卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be____36___. Solitude can be hard to discover ___37____it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have ___38____our culture. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) ___39____as we’ve known it. People have become so ___40____in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted ____41___they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our ___42____, but from our mobile phones as well. Most developed nations have become ___43____on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not ___44____it would make them an outsider. ___45____, many jobs and careers require people to be ___46____. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a ___47____to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times. I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who ___48____wants it. Computers can be shut ___49____and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many ___50____, as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up ___51____on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel ___52____and forced to answer unwanted calls or___53____to unwanted texts. Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society ___54____ across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like ___55____daily advancements in technology. 16.A.updated B.received C.shared D.collected 17.A.though B.until C.once D.before 18.A.respected B.shaped C.ignored D.preserved 19.A.edge B.stage C.end D.balance 20.A.sensitive B.intelligent C.considerate D.reachable 21.A.even if B.only if C.as if D.if only 22.A.media B.computers C.databases D.monitors 23.A.bent B.hard C.keen D.dependent 24.A.finding B.using C.protecting D.changing 25.A.Also B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Somehow 26.A.connected B.trained C.recommended D.interested 27.A.pleasure B.benefit C.burden D.disappointment 28.A.slightly B.hardly C.merely D.really 29.A.out B.down C.up D.in 30.A.aspects B.weaknesses C.advantages D.exceptions 31.A.hidden B.lost C.relaxed D.deserted 32.A.trapped B.excited C.confused D.amused 33.A.turn B.submit C.object D.reply 34.A.vary B.arise C.spread D.exist 35.A.beyond B.within C.despite D.without 【参考答案】CCBCD ABDBA ACDBC BADAD 【文本导读】这是一篇议论文。独处理念在当今数码世界几乎不复存在，新技术使我们连接成了一个社会，并塑造了我们的文化。能够被连接在一起既有优势也有弊端。不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常技术进步，很难想象生活会是什么样子。 【答案解析】 16.考查动词。根据上一句可知，独处理念在数码世界几乎不存在，因此信息的意义在于分享。update“更新”；receive“接收”；share“分享”；collect“收集”。 17.考查连词。句意：“独处一旦被放弃就很难发现。”though“尽管”，表让步；until“直到”，表时间；once“一旦”，表条件；before“在……之前”，表时间。 18.考查动词。句意：“从这方面来说，新技术塑造了我们的文化。”respect“尊重”；shape“塑造”（跟46空后changed一致）；ignore“忽视”；preserve“保存”。 19.考查名词。句意：“被联系的渴望使独处消亡。”edge“边缘”；stage“舞台，阶段”；end“结束”，bring an end to“使……结束”；balance“平衡”。 20.考查形容词。句意“在网络交织的世界里，人们已经变得如此随处可及。”sensitive“敏感的”；intelligent“有才智的”；considerate“体贴的”；reachable“可到达的”。 21.考查连词。句意：“即使他们不情愿也能经常被联系上。”even if“即使”，表让步；only if“只要，只有”，表条件；as if“似乎，好像”，表方式；if only“要是….就好了”，表虚拟。 22.考查名词。句意：“今天，我们不仅可以通过电脑，也可以通过手机谈话，编辑短信，发邮件，聊天和写博客。”media“媒体”（包括手机，种属矛盾）；computer“电脑”（与手机并列）；database“数据库”；monitor“监视器”。 23.考查形容词。句意：“大多数发达国家已经依赖于数码技术，仅仅因为习惯于此。”be bent on“热衷于，专心致志于……”；be hard on“对……苛刻”；be keen on“热衷于，喜欢……”be dependent on“对……依赖”。 24.考查动名词。句意：“这个时候，不使用数码技术将会使他们成为局外人。”find“发现”；use“使用”；protect“保护”；change“保护”。 25.考查副词。句意：“而且，许多工作和职业需要人们联系在一起。”also“而且”；instead“相反”；otherwise“否则”；somehow“不知何故，不知怎地”。 26.考查动词。句意同上。connect“连接，联系”；train“训练”；recommend“推荐”；interest“使感兴趣”。 27.考查名词。句意：“对那些可能不想总是能够被联系上的人来说，随处可及可能感觉像个负担”。pleasure“乐事”；benefit“益事”；burden“负担”；disappointment“令人失望的事”。 28.考查副词。句意：“我认为，积极的一面是—对任何真的想要独处的人来说仍然是可能的。”slightly“稍微低”；hardly“几乎不”；merely“仅仅”；really“真正地”。 29.考查副词。句意：“电脑可以被关机，手机也是。”shut out“把......关在外面”shut down“关闭”（与该空后turn off一致）；shut up“使闭嘴”；shut in“围住” 30.考查名词。句意：“能够被联系上既有优势也有弊端”。aspect“方面”；weakness“弱点”；advantage“优势”（与该空后disadvantage相对）；exception“例外”。 31.考查分词。句意“旅行者最后迷失在大山上，手机挽救了无数的生命。”hidden“藏起来”；lost“迷路”；relaxed“放松的”；deserted“被遗弃，空无一人的”。end up done/adj/doing“以……告终（为结局）”。 32.考查分词。句意：“手机也会使人们感到受限制……”trapped“被困的，受限制的”；excited“激动兴奋的”；confused“困惑的”；amused“愉快的，开心的”。 33.考查名词。句意：“……被迫接骚扰电话，回复骚扰短信。”turn to“转向”；submit to“屈从于”；object to“反对”；reply to“回复”。 34.考查动词。句意：“对于我们被连接成一个社会，不同代的人态度不一。”vary“变化，呈多样化”；arise“（问题）出现”；spread“散步，蔓延”；exist“存在”。 35.考查介词。句意：“不管人们对这一话题持何种态度，如果没有日常技术进步，很难想象生活会是什么样子。”beyond“超出”；within“在……范围内”；despite“尽管”；without“没有”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 完形填空体裁微解：议论文 I解题技能微解 一、题型总览（记叙文词义层次题） 1.夹叙夹议文 夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。 2.议论文 议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即how）三个部分构成，其具体的结构模式又有以下三种： 模式一：引言段（提出观点）——正方论点心（支持作者的观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者的观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，文章主体段（中间部分）的每一个部分论述一个论点，这些论点以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的论点在最后面，以示强调。 模式二：引言段（提出观点）——反面意见（反方观点+作者的反驳）、正方论点1（支持作者观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳，以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。 模式三：引言段（提出观点）——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点，然后再进行反驳。 议论文有自己的语言个性，它不同于记叙文的生动形象，也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述，因此，它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时，它的语言也很准确，合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用，诸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that…（因而…），If…，we may conclude that …（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话……），Idon’t want to…,but…（我并不想……），It is true that…,but…（诚然……但是……）,Even if …（即使……）等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外，作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。 二、命题规律及备考策略 1.命题规律 近三年设题方式大致可分为语篇层次、句间层次及句内层次三种题型。在难易程度上，句内层次题和句间层次题较容易，考生只需要结合语境理解空格所在句或相邻的几句就可以确定答案，且句内层次、句间层次题考查最多，能保障考生取得基本分数。但高考是选拔性的考试，每篇完形填空总会有那么几个比较难的语篇层次题成为考生取得高分的拦路虎。 语篇层次题：是指空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。 句间层次题：是指空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定。 句内层次题：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。 ⑴夹叙夹议文章 ①先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。 ②作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。 ③提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表： 1 事例—观点 先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。 2 观点—事例 先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。 3 观点—事例—观点 提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。 ⑵议论文 议论文：绝大多数议论文类完形填空在开头提出论点，然后在余下的段落或文字里进行阐述或提出分论点。议论文类完形填空的三要素(论点、论据和论证)一般有序地分布在引子、正文、结论部分。 2.备考策略 ⑴分析结构，抓住作者观点 在做题时要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。 ⑵重视首句，把握文章主题 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。 ⑶叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵 夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。 ⑷抓住转换，理清逻辑关系 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。常见标志词有： ①并列关系：and，not only...but also，that is to say等； ②因果关系：because，for，so that，in order that，due to，thanks to，thus，therefore，so等； ③对比关系：while，whereas，as，rather than，instead of等； ④转折关系：although，though，even if，nevertheless，despite，but，yet，however，on the contrary等； ⑤递进关系：also，then，besides，in addition，furthermore，what’s more等； ⑥顺序关系：first，then，on the one hand等； ⑦转变话题：by the way，what I really mean...等。 三、高频核心考点 考点一 依情感，识褒贬 在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度或感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 例1.（2023年全国甲卷）Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ___54 look___ perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a ___55___ memory of those. 55 A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague 【解析】A；根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　　　34　　　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选A项。 例2.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）As for Bailey, she is more ____51____ about why her act is considered a big ____52 deal____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____53_leave___ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” 31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged 【解析】C；根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。 答案：C 考点二 划范畴，前后连 完形填空对词汇的考查与上下文的语境息息相关。明确上下句之间话题的范围有助于确定答案。 　 例3.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____44____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____45____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____46____. She couldn’t. 44. A. race B. school C. town D. training 【解析】A；根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。 45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised 【解析】C；根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。 46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 【解析】B；根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。 例4.（2023浙江1月卷·节选)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the treetops. Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____43____ . 43．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless 【解析】B；考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent紧急的；B. dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. pointless毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ________ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选B项。 【提醒】此处and是并列关系，空处和difficult的并列关系。 点三 析意群，定答案 在句间层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 例5.(2023·全国甲卷) It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___58 on sale___, and as close as possible to where they were ___59_ grown__. What Mario had ___60___ us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 40. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told 【解析】A；根据前文“It was 　　　43　　　 called Mario, coming to 　　　44　　　 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥送给作者一家这些美味。故选B项。 例6.（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷） Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____46 aid____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____47____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____49 assessed____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. 27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 【解析】D；根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。 28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 【解析】A；根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。 II专题训练 Passage 1（2021天津）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely ____1____ . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't ____4____. I didn't ____5____ having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. ____6____, I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be ____7____ for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough ____8____ my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n）____9____ between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I _____10_____ to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and _____11_____ practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother _____12_____ quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to _____13_____ him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song _____14_____,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new _____15_____. I kept trying at the song, no longer getting _____16_____ at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to _____17_____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything _____18_____ the first time and that good things come with continual _____19_____.I now understand why my brother favours the _____20_____. 1. A. mature B. different C. content D. normal 2. A. disliked B. preferred C. replaced D. abandoned 3. A. writer B. leader C. painter D. performer 4. A. get along B. drop by C. show off D. check in 5. A. try B. mind C. enjoy D. delay 6. A. In particular B. In vain C. In return D. In theory 7. A. humorous B. ordinary C. competitive D. grateful 8. A. above B. below C. near D. without 9. A. issue B. contrast C. agreement D. balance 10. A. struggled B. expected C. promised D. decided 11. A. began B. allowed C. stopped D. continued 12. A. hated B. experienced C. accepted D. wanted 13. A. help B. invite C. join D. admire 14. A. gracefully B. suddenly C. fiercely D. cautiously 15. A. limit B. sentence C. mistake D. philosophy 16. A. rude B. angry C. surprised D. excited 17. A. lose B. share C. reduce D. maintain 18. A. wrong B. right C. back D. down 19. A. luck B. absence C. effort D. fear 20. A. fight B. noise C. quiet D. safety Passage 2（2021全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude(感谢). My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while ___45___ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks. She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her _____50_____ at her recovery. As she was _____51_____ she was eager to say _____52_____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she _____53_____ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague _____54_____ to accept it, saying that we were all just _____55_____ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _____56_____:“Oh this isn't for the_____57_____ I had. I take that as a _____58_____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.” And there you have it. To many people,_____59_____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an _____60_____ and should be rewarded. 41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor 42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations 43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account 44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering 45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising 46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly 47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving 48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily 49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful 50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment 51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving 52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes 53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded 54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused 55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting 56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported 57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care 58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting 59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building 60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra Passage 3（2021浙江1月卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____16____on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I____17____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was____18____at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of____19____, my worries had gone. Everyone was so____20____and like-minded that it was very____21____to feel at home. I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____22____. We had to____23____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____24____way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire. My job was to____25____a stairway out of rock. This____26____climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never____27____. Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The____28____of knowing that my____29____will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive. But on the last night we were____30____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to____31____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only____32____part of my tent. ____33____, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____34____. I think I am much____35____for having taken part in the project. 16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research 17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found 18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited 19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking 20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious 21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy 22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course 23 A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy 24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick 25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard 26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant 27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed 28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention 29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story 30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated 31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing 32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft 33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either case 34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered 35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier Passage 4 (2020江苏卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success ___36___ fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the ____37____ in our lives. When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931， he had no ___38___ of knowing that his life was to change ____39____. The class experiment that day was to ____40____ how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. ____41____， the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat ____42____ held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it， the container ___43___， leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes. When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later， his parents ____44____ to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had ______45______ their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as ______46______. He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There， he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)______47______ public speaker. Later， he worked in Africa， where many people suffered from ______48______ for lack of proper treatment. For him， it was one thing to _____49_____ his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue _____50_____ it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the ______51______ Wilson made to preventing the ______52______. Wilson received several international ______53______ for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a _____54_____. He proved that it’s not what happens to us that ______55______ our lives-it’s what we make of what happens. 36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects 37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps 38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure 39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely 40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare 41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus 42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily 43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed 44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed 45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to 46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic 47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent 48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness 49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept 50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before 51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations 52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential 53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses 54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision 55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits Passage 5 (2020天津卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school--- he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable. When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine （信条）and anything did I, 21 , copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. I could 22 my dad taking me to school, running into him 23 during the day and riding home with him every afternoon. As I grew older, we were not as 24 as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more .He wore his socks too high, listened to 25 country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment. However, the 26 that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party, 27 as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me！ I wanted to run away. This 28 continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance .Things started to 29 around the time of my 10th-grade physics project. The 30 was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio（比率）. All the students and physics teachers 31 . So did my dad, the only administrator！ Embarrassed, as usual, I 32 the scene. 33 , later when I learned from my friends that my dad 34 all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my 35 was a touch of pride. I had needed someone else to show me what I 36 in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won； it was more than that. I began to 37 that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to 38 him, he still influenced me. I feel 39 to have such an unusual father. The 40 I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I’ve grown. 21.A.temporarily B.naturally C.originally D.passively 22.A.apply to B.count on C.see off D.pick out 23.A.gradually B.previously C.regularly D.eventually 24.A.close B.reliable C.generous D.confident 25.A.creative B.familiar C.horrible D.live 26.A.failures B.coincidences C.competitions D.disasters 27.A.dressed up B.broken down C.settled down D.signed up 28.A.debate B.party C.progress D.struggle 29.A.happen B.change C.grow D.disappear 30.A.issue B.task C.lesson D.procedure 31.A.participated B.protested C.hesitated D.explored 32.A.fled B.investigated C.pictured D.made 33.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.However 34.A.convinced B.defeated C.ignore D.evaluated 35.A.confusion B.encouragement C.embarrassment D.fascination 36.A.recommended B.tolerated C.doubted D.appreciated 37.A.recognize B.demand C.argue D.estimate 38.A.approach B.limit C.resist D.believe 39.A.puzzled B.fortunate C.concerned D.awkward 40.A.strategy B.habit C.relationship D.potential Passage 6 (2020天津卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant___16___- -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes， but it can be___17___in a clever way. The___18___? Chat benches. Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her___19___. The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who ___20___made her believe that he was her friend， and then she lent him about “f 31，000 . Jones was___21___ when she said that she didn’t actually___22___ being cheated. “Otherwise， 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end，” she said. This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely ___23___ people in his community， who are easy targets of cheating. So he___24___ to do something about it. He_____25_____ the police department to allow him to _____26_____ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that_____27_____:”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up， he found people sitting there and engaging in active and_____28_____ conversations. The idea is catching on_____29_____There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n)_____30_____ outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully _____31_____-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help_____32_____ the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. This effort is not just a(n) _____33_____ at being community minded- -it’s also a _____34_____ measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters. The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that_____35_____ those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future. 16. A. choice B. discovery C. visit D. promise 17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt 18. A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention 19. A. pleasure B. prize C. credit D. money 20. A. eventually B. frequently C. previously D. occasionally 21. A. ashamed B. shocked C. excited D. amused 22. A. mind B. forgive C. risk D. enjoy 23. A. active B. lonely C. cautious D. stubborn 24. A. learned B. refused C. pretended D. decided 25. A. forced B. ordered C. convinced D. taught 26. A. put away B. make out C. tear apart D. set up 27. A. read B. claimed C. meant D. implied 28. A. formal B. joyful C. awkward D. crazy 29. A. randomly B. slowly C. quickly D. purposefully 30. A. positive B. disappointing C. correct D. embarrassing 31. A. realized B. examined C. discussed D. formed 32. A. break down B. put up C. keep off D. take out 33. A. glance B. attempt C. knock D. attack 34. A. heart-breaking B. risk-taking C. face-saving D. crime-cutting 35. A. forbids B. appoints C. encourages D. troubles Passage 7 (2020年新课标Ⅰ卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door. I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?＂ Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through. 41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case 42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize 43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually 44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth 45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly 46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting 47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out 48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact 49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers 50 A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences 51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt 52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral 53. A. traditional B. important C. double D. original 54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history 55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of 56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of 57. A. real B. Typical C. similar D. limited 58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret 59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept 60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend Passage 8 (2020新课标卷III）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, ___41___ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, ___42___their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ___43___ that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then ___44___ it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the ___45___ in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a ___46___ colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ___47___. I remember the first really ___48___ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was ___49___ absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather ____50____ that she became a “regular”. After a while, she ____51____ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat ____52____, and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on ____53____ people. That taught me a valuable ____54____ and I pass it on to the people who ____55____ in the market. Don’t take it ____56____. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not ____57____.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get ____58____. If you do, you won’t be able to ____59____ it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ____60____ everyone’s day. 41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists 42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying 43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear 44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume 45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods 46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural 47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing 48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult 49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about 50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed 51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized 52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty 53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely 54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade 55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel 56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually 57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well 58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law 59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame 60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves Passage 9（2019天津卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some______16______station. The____17____moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the_____18_____of that little wallet？The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus. Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband _____19_____it while I was on the phone in the dining room. "Does Jennifer live here？" I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet，with not a penny_____20_____. She left before I could ____21____ make it to the door to offer my thanks. After sharing the story online, I heard from someone，who ____22____ the lady as Erin Smith. Without ___23___, I called to thank her. She said she ____24____ my wallet on a bus seat. She_____25_____that going to a stranger's house was a ____26____ move, but she decided to take the chance. "If I were in that ____27____ I would want someone to try to find me, " she said. This one stranger responded beautifully to my small ____28____ , but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin ____29____ my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum（论坛），trying to see ____30____ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never ____31____ words with those moms beyond small tall, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that's not how the people I_____32_____tend to act. ___33___, I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone ____34____what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night，and for that I was extremely ____35____ . 16. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient 17. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping 18. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients 19. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted 20. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned 21. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even 22. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined 23. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation 24. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted 25. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended 26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal 27. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere 28. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure 29. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of 30. A. if B. where C. how D. when 31. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered 32. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany 33. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back？ D. Coming along 34. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond 35. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful Passage 10（2019江苏卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence. Chris and Tim work at a zoo， helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma， a female crane， has been in their ___39___ since she arrived in 2004. Born at an international crane foundation， Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___， though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She ___43___ to live with male cranes， and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them， which made it ___45___ for her to become a mother. ___46___， the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts， they successfully developed a ___47___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48___ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes. The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ___49___， more efforts must be made， because the population of the crane in the wild is on the ___50___， and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___， not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts， feelings， and most importantly， equal rights to survive. How can we ___52___ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the ___53___: human beings took it for granted that their ___54___ held all the solutions， but maybe their hearts can be a better ___55___. 36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing 37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove 38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration 39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story 40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized 41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice 42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully 43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated 44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation 45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible 46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead 47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system 48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled 49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant 50. A.list B. rise C. agenda D. decline 51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary 52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify 53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward 54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects 55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion Passage 11（2018北京卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable. After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained £400 in notes， with another £50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35， 000—in Glasgow city centre， they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 . The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 . Mr. Anderson said: ＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 . It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.＂ Mr. Smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area， which by yesterday had received £8，000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street； he’s had job 34 and all sorts，＂ Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith， this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because 27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge Passage 12（2018·全国卷I）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 . Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist. 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 43. A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired 44. A. title B. competitor C. textbook D. instructor 45. A. urged B. demanded C. held D. meant 46. A. fastest B. easiest C. best D. rarest 47. A. interview B. meet C. challenge D. beat 48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job 49. A. real B. perfect C. clear D. possible 50. A. attend B. pass C. skip D. observe 51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. compare 52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally 53. A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment 54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation 55. A. taught B. wrote C. questioned D. promised 56. A. fact B. step C. manner D. skill 57. A. grades B. decisions C. impressions D. comments 58. A. analyze B. describe C. rebuild D. control 59. A. announce B. signal C. block D. evaluate 60. A. role B. desire C. concern D. behavior Passage 13 (2018浙江卷) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much? I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it ___39____ When I got into college, things __40 . I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all this ___41___ there was no sense of ___42____ to do my school work immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became 43 .Once that happened， I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work alone. One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 48 , I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job， he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50 .He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and succeed. So, try 53 your time with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done, ask a 55 person to do it. 36. A. true B. fair C. strange D. possible 37. A. remember B. admit C. understand D. expect 38. A. watched B. loved. C. coached D. played 39.A. at last B. right away C. of course D. mattered 40.A. happened B. repeated C. changed D. mattered 41.A. extra B .difficult. C. valuable D. limited 42.A. duty B. achievement C .urgency D. direction 43.A. burden B. relief C. risk D. habit 44. A. pushing B. taking C. setting D. calling 45. A. hanging out B. staying up C. jogging round D. showing off 46. A. met B. helped C. treated D. hired 47. A. raising B. wasting C. demanding D. making 48. A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding 49.A. luckily B. hardly C. hopefully D. simply 50.A. childhood B. college C. town D. business 51.A. quit B. found C. accepted D. kept 52. A. heart B. chance C. drive D. way 53.A. saving B. filling up C. giving up D. trading 54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact 55. A. careful B. busy C. reliable D. kind Passage 14 (2016全国卷II）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk. And they’ve never actually 41 you. Everything they know about you 42 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 43 they feel they can know you 44 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 45 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 46 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 47 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 48 me. I sometimes wished to 49 another agent. One morning, I had to 50 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 51 . The woman sitting at the desk, 52 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 53 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 54 immediately. ＂What a wonderful lady! ＂ I thought. Rushing out 55 I called out over my shoulder, ＂By the way, what’s your name?＂ ＂I’m Rani,＂ she said. I turned around and saw a 56 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 57 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 58 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 59 — her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 60 — were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 41.A.accepted B.noticed C.heard D.met 42.A.came B.moved C.ran D.developed 43.A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed 44.A.rather B.also C.just D.already 45.A.telephone B.voice C.connection D.impression 46.A.direct B.useful C.easy D.accurate 47.A.in person B.by myself C.in public D.on purpose 48.A.annoyed B.interested C.discouraged D.confused 49.A.promote B.train C.find D.know 50.A.arrange B.postpone C.confirm D.book 51.A.for the first time B.at any time C.from time to time D.in good time 52.A.expecting B.seeing C.testing D.avoiding 53.A.shy B.comforting C.familiar D.forced 54.A.bill B.form C.ticket D.list 55.A.hopefully B.disappointedly C.gratefully D.regretfully 56.A.careful B.serious C.nervous D.pleasant 57.A.amused B.worried C.helpless D.speechless 58.A.calm B.nice C.proud D.clever 59.A.forgiveness B.eagerness C.friendliness D.skillfulness 60.A.explanation B.attitude C.concept D.behavior Passage 15 (2015浙江卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford，I’ve watched one friend after another land high­ranking，high­paying Wall Street jobs. As executives (高级管理人员) with banks，consulting firms，established law firms，and major corporations，many are now __21__ on their way to impressive careers. By society’s __22__，they seem to have it made. On the surface，these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind，many had a __23__ drink at their cheap but friendly local bar，shook hands with long­time roommates，and __24__ out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine __25__ a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. The thing is，a number of them have __26__ that despite their success，they aren’t happy. Some __27__ of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight­hour workweeks devoted to tasks they __28__.Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and __29__.However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the __30__ to which they have so quickly become __31__. People often speak of trying a more satisfying path，and __32__ in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they __33__ or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion：it’s __34__.They have loans，bills，a mortgage(抵押贷款) to __35__，retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something __36__ in their lives，but it’s __37__ to step off the track. In a society that tends to __38__ everything in terms of dollars and cents，we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our __39__ in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs __40__ in pursuing money over meaning？These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most. 21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well 22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked 25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected 26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded 27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve 28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect 29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty 30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project 31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available 32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather 33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in 34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable 35. A. take off B. drop off C. put off D. pay off 36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining 37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal 38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver 39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced Passage 16 (2012江苏卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be____36___. Solitude can be hard to discover ___37____it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have ___38____our culture. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) ___39____as we’ve known it. People have become so ___40____in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted ____41___they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our ___42____, but from our mobile phones as well. Most developed nations have become ___43____on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not ___44____it would make them an outsider. ___45____, many jobs and careers require people to be ___46____. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a ___47____to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times. I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who ___48____wants it. Computers can be shut ___49____and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many ___50____, as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up ___51____on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel ___52____and forced to answer unwanted calls or___53____to unwanted texts. Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society ___54____ across generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like ___55____daily advancements in technology. 16.A.updated B.received C.shared D.collected 17.A.though B.until C.once D.before 18.A.respected B.shaped C.ignored D.preserved 19.A.edge B.stage C.end D.balance 20.A.sensitive B.intelligent C.considerate D.reachable 21.A.even if B.only if C.as if D.if only 22.A.media B.computers C.databases D.monitors 23.A.bent B.hard C.keen D.dependent 24.A.finding B.using C.protecting D.changing 25.A.Also B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Somehow 26.A.connected B.trained C.recommended D.interested 27.A.pleasure B.benefit C.burden D.disappointment 28.A.slightly B.hardly C.merely D.really 29.A.out B.down C.up D.in 30.A.aspects B.weaknesses C.advantages D.exceptions 31.A.hidden B.lost C.relaxed D.deserted 32.A.trapped B.excited C.confused D.amused 33.A.turn B.submit C.object D.reply 34.A.vary B.arise C.spread D.exist 35.A.beyond B.within C.despite D.without 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$