2026年高考英语一轮复习调研卷（上海卷02）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

2026年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷02） 英语·参考答案 I. Listening Comprehension (共25分。 1-10每题1分；11-20每题1.5分) 【答案】1-5 DBCDC 6-10 CCDDB 11-13 BBA 14-16 DAB 17-20 ABAB II. Grammar and Vocabulary (共20 分。每小题1分) Section A 1．lacks 2．has breathed/has been breathing 3．what 4．against/from 5．the worst 6．driven 7．can 8．wearing 9．it 10．Until/Before/Unless Section B 11．A 12．C 13．E 14．I 15．J 16．H 17．K 18．B 19．D 20．F III. Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．A 32．D 33．D 34．C 35．B Section B 36．B 37．B 38．A 39．C 40．D 41．C 42．C 43．A 44．D 45．C 46．B Section C 47．E 48．B 49．A 50．D IV. Summary Writing (共10 分) 51. Lack of attention or interest can result in absent-mindedness. Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not recognizing visual cues in the environment, in which case the cue should be visual and approachable. Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered. V. Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题，每题3分；第3题4分；第4题5分。) 【52】Everyone marveled at the beautiful pattern the little girl drew with her crayons. 【53】Obviously, the image in the photo looks nothing like the person in front of me. 【54】Although Confucianism, which has been prevalent/widespread in China for thousands of years,is not as important as it used to be, it is still a key to understanding the splendid Chinese civilization. 【55】Originating from a small county, this company, thanks to its unique vision, advanced products and innovative talents, has become a leader in the industry within just ten years. V. Guided Writing (共25分) Dear Organizing Committee of the Campus Culture Festival,​ I’m Li Hua from Mingqi High School. Recently, I’ve noticed that students are showing less enthusiasm for traditional campus activities. Instead, they are more drawn to emerging forms of entertainment like short videos and e-sports. This phenomenon deeply worries me.​ Traditional campus activities are the essence of our school’s cultural heritage. They not only cultivate students’ cultural literacy but also enhance our sense of identity and belonging. In contrast, overindulgence in emerging entertainment may lead to a lack of concentration and a decline in cultural appreciation ability.​ To address this issue, I suggest integrating modern elements into traditional activities. For instance, we can use social media platforms to promote these events. Additionally, we could design interactive links in traditional activities, making them more engaging and interesting.​ I sincerely hope that my suggestions can contribute to the revival of students’ interest in traditional campus activities.​ Yours sincerely,​ Li Hua 1 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2026年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷02） 英语·全解全析 （笔试部分） II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Silent Crisis of E-Waste Recycling In the narrow streets of the Indian city Mumbai’s Dharavi neighborhood, 34-year-old Rajesh spends his days taking apart old electronics — computers, phones, and televisions — that wealthier citizens throw away. The workshop where he works 1 (lack) proper airflow and is filled with circuit boards that contain harmful metals like lead and mercury. For over a decade, Rajesh 2 (breathe) in smoke from melted plastics and acids used to extract valuable metals. He is unaware of 3 harm these substances could do to his body. Studies show that e-waste, which accounts for 5% of global solid waste, is rarely recycled safely in developing countries. Although governments have introduced regulations, nearly 80% of thrown-away electronics end up in informal workshops like Rajesh’s. Experts warn that workers not provided protection 4 the metals face serious health problems. “The harmful substances they’re exposed to daily can damage kidneys, nervous systems, and in 5 (bad) cases, even cause cancer,” says Dr. Anika Patel, an environmental health researcher. Rajesh’s situation reflects a global imbalance. Wealthy nations, with consumer behavior 6 (drive) by a constant desire to upgrade devices, produce massive e-waste. In contrast, the burden (负担) of processing e-waste falls unfairly on communities lacking the resources to protect themselves. Many workers, whose families depend on this dangerous job, 7 not afford to quit. Efforts to address the crisis are slowly emerging. NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) have begun training workers like Rajesh on safer techniques and advised 8 (wear) gloves and masks, which they have distributed. However, progress is slowed by economic realities. “Recycling devices properly requires expensive machines,” Rajesh explains, “but no one wants to pay extra for 9 .” The issue extends beyond health. Soil and water near e-waste sites have been polluted, affecting millions who rely on these resources. 10 safer systems are valued above anything else, the cycle of harm — driven by inequality — will continue. 【答案】 1．lacks 2．has breathed/has been breathing 3．what 4．against/from 5．the worst 6．driven 7．can 8．wearing 9．it 10．Until/Before/Unless 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电子垃圾回收过程中存在的无声危机及其对工人健康和环境的影响。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他工作的车间通风不畅，里面堆满了含有铅和汞等有害金属的电路板。本空为主句谓语，根据works可知，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The workshop是第三人称单数，谓语动词用lack“缺少”的第三人称单数形式。故填lacks。 2．考查动词时态。句意：十多年来，拉杰什一直在吸入用于提取贵金属的熔化塑料和酸产生的烟雾。根据For over a decade可知，breathe“呼吸”这一动作从过去持续到现在，可能仍在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为Rajesh，谓语动词用单数，故填has breathed/has been breathing。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：他不知道这些物质会对他的身体造成什么伤害。空处引导宾语从句，从句中“________ harm”作could do的宾语，表示“什么样的伤害”，用连接代词what作定语。故填what。 4．考查介词。句意：专家警告说，没有得到金属防护的工人面临严重的健康问题。protection against/from sth.为固定搭配，表示“针对某物的防护”，故填against/from。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意：环境健康研究员Anika Patel博士表示：“他们每天接触的有害物质会损害肾脏和神经系统，在最严重的情况下甚至可能致癌。”根据此处表示 “在最糟糕的”情况下，用形容词最高级the worst最定语，修饰cases。故填the worst。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：富裕国家的消费者行为受不断升级设备的欲望驱动，产生了大量电子垃圾。句中已有谓语动词produce，空处作非谓语动词，“with consumer behavior ____ (drive) by a constant desire to upgrade devices”是with复合结构，consumer behavior和drive“驱动”之间是逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动。故填driven。 7．考查情态动词。句意：许多工人的家庭依赖这份危险的工作，他们无法承担辞职的后果。根据afford to quit可知，此处表示“无法，不能”，用情态动词cannot。故填cannot。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：非政府组织已经开始培训像Rajesh这样的工人使用更安全的技术，并建议他们戴上手套和口罩，他们已经分发了这些手套和口罩。advise doing sth.是固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，本空用动词wear“戴着”的动名词，作宾语。故填wearing。 9．考查代词。句意：Rajesh解释说：“正确回收设备需要昂贵的机器，但没有人愿意为它支付额外费用。” 指代前文proper recycling这一行为，用it。故填it。 10．考查条件状语从句或时间状语从句。句意：除非更安全的系统被视为高于一切，否则由不平等驱动的伤害循环将继续。/在更安全的体系被置于首要地位之前，由不平等驱动的危害循环将持续下去。/直到更安全的体系被视为高于一切，否则由不平等驱动的危害循环将持续下去。置于句首，首字母大写；本空表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句，用Unless。或者表示“在……以前”用before，引导时间状语从句。或者表示“直到”用until，引导时间状语从句。故填Until/Before/Unless。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appliance  B．assign  C． consciousness  D．dominance  E. excluded  F. friendliness     G. performance    H. personify    I. qualities    J. stood    K. yelled The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen 11 what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attach 12 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can alleviate loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 13 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends — unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human 14 . The phone apparently 15 in for real friends. At other times, we 16 products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents 17 at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and desires”. So how do people 18 traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with 19 . Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them — especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this feature as increasing a car’s 20 . 【答案】 11．A 12．C 13．E 14．I 15．J 16．H 17．K 18．B 19．D 20．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在特定情况下会将人类特质赋予日常物品的现象，及背后的原因和相关表现。 11．考查名词。句意：现在你可以告诉你的厨房用具该做什么。空格处需填入名词，被kitchen修饰，appliance意为“用具，器具”，kitchen appliance表示“厨房用具”，符合前文提到的可对话设备的语境。故选A项。 12．考查名词。句意：在一项实验中，报告感到孤独的人比其他人更有可能将意识赋予各种小物件。空格处需填入名词作attach的宾语，consciousness意为“意识”，attach consciousness to...表示“将意识赋予……”，符合人们因孤独而赋予物品人类特质的情况。故选C项。 13．考查动词。句意：当大学生们想起自己在社交场合被排斥的经历时，他们会通过夸大自己的朋友数量来弥补——除非他们先被安排做一些让他们像对待有人类品质的手机一样与手机互动的任务。空格处需填入动词的过去分词，与been构成被动语态，excluded意为“排斥”，be excluded in a social setting表示“在社交场合被排斥”，符合语境。故选E项。 14．考查名词。句意：当大学生们想起自己在社交场合被排斥的经历时，他们会通过夸大自己的朋友数量来弥补——除非他们先被安排做一些让他们像对待有人类品质的手机一样与手机互动的任务。空格处需填入名词作宾语，human qualities表示“人类品质”，符合将手机当作有人类特质的事物互动的描述。故选I项。 15．考查动词。句意：显然，手机代替了真正的朋友。空格处需填入动词作谓语，stood in for是固定短语，意为“代替”，体现手机在缓解孤独时起到的替代朋友的作用，符合文意。故选J项。 16．考查动词。句意：在其他时候，我们将产品拟人化是为了理解它们。空格处需填入动词作谓语，personify意为“拟人化”，与后文人们认为电脑有“信念和欲望”相呼应，说明人们通过拟人化理解产品。故选H项。 17．考查动词。句意：一项研究发现，四分之三的受访者会对着电脑大喊大叫。空格处需填入动词作谓语，yelled意为“大喊”，yell at...表示“对……大喊”，符合人们在电脑出问题时的反应。故选K项。 18．考查动词。句意：那么人们是如何将特质赋予一个物体的呢？空格处需填入动词，assign意为“分配，赋予”，assign traits to...表示“将特质赋予……”，符合上下文探讨人们赋予物品特质的方式的语境。故选B项。 19．考查名词。句意：在人类身上，宽脸与支配有关。空格处需填入名词作宾语，dominance意为“支配地位，优势”，与后文“Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones,”相呼应，说明宽脸与支配感的关联。故选D项。 20．考查名词。句意：购买者认为这一特征增加了汽车的友好感。空格处需填入名词作宾语，根据上文的“An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best.”可知，格栅像微笑一样上扬的汽车销量最好，微笑体现友好，friendliness意为“友好”，故friendliness符合语境。故选F项。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Now that we have briefly explored the history of the short story and heard from a few of its creators, let us consider the role of the reader. Readers are not empty vessels that wait, 21 raised, to receive a teacher’s or a critic’s interpretation. They bring their unique life experiences to the story. With these 22 , the best readers also bring their attention, their reading skills, and most importantly, their 23 to a reading of a story. My students always 24 me to discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the stories we read without destroying the excitement of being beamed up into another world. For years I 25 with one response after the other to this challenge. Then one day I read an article by a botanist who had explored the beauty of flowers by x-raying them. His illustrations showed the rose and the lily in their 26 beauty, and his x-rays 27 the wonders of their construction. I brought the article to class, where we discussed the benefits of examining the internal structure of flowers, relationships, current events, and short stories. A short story, 28 , is not a fossil to admire. Readers must ask questions, guess at the answers, 29 what will happen next, then read to discover. They and the author form a partnership that brings the story to life. Awareness of this partnership keeps the original excitement alive through discussion, analysis, interpretation, and 30 . Literary explorations allow the reader to admire the authors’ 31 as well as their artistry. In fact, original appreciation may be enhanced by this x-ray vision. The final step is to appreciate once again the story 32 — to put the pieces back together. Now it is your turn. Form a partnership with your author. During your 33 in reading, enter into a dialogue with the published scholars featured in Short Stories for Students. Through this 34 with experts you will revise, enrich, or 35 your original observations and interpretations. During this adventure, I hope you will feel the same as the listeners that surround the neck of my Pueblo storyteller. 21．A．hands B．sails C．flags D．lids 22．A．considerations B．explorations C．associations D．interpretations 23．A．imagination B．eagerness C．determination D．affection 24．A．begged B．supported C．encouraged D．challenged 25．A．dealt B．struggled C．fought D．engaged 26．A．external B．artificial C．classical D．traditional 27．A．ensured B．analyzed C．revealed D．delivered 28．A．however B．furthermore C．therefore D．besides 29．A．interpret B．anticipate C．predict D．tell 30．A．conclusion B．evaluation C．summary D．appreciation 31．A．craftsmanship B．intentions C．depth D．character 32．A．by itself B．in vain C．in question D．as a whole 33．A．observation B．involvement C．experiment D．adventure 34．A．journey B．process C．dialogue D．contact 35．A．recall B．confirm C．identify D．cancel 【答案】 21．D 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．A 32．D 33．D 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了读者应该如何去阅读。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者不是揭开瓶盖的空瓶，等待着接受老师或评论者的解读。A. hands手；B. sails帆；C. flags旗帜；D. lids盖子。根据句中“empty vessels”，“wait”和“to receive a teacher’s or a critic’s interpretation”可推知，作者把读者比喻成“揭开瓶盖的空瓶子”，在等待着解读。故选D项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了这些联系，最好的读者也会把他们的注意力，阅读技巧，最重要的是，他们的想象力带到一个故事的阅读中。A. considerations考虑；B. explorations探索；C. associations联系；D. interpretations解释。根据上文“They bring their unique life experiences to the story.”可知，读者会把自己独特的生活经历与故事联系起来。故选C项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了这些联系，最好的读者也会把他们的注意力，阅读技巧，最重要的是，他们的想象力带到一个故事的阅读中。A. imagination想象力；B. eagerness渴望；C. determination决心；D. affection喜爱。根据下文“Readers must ask questions, guess at the answers, 　 　what will happen next,”可推知，读者会预测接下来会发生什么，所以会用到想像力。故选A项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的学生总是挑战我，让我讨论、分析、解释和评价我们读到的故事，同时又不破坏进入另一个世界的兴奋感。A. begged请求；B. supported支持；C. encouraged鼓励；D. challenged挑战。根据句中“to discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the stories we read without destroying the excitement of being beamed up into another world.”和下文“For years I 　　with one response after the other to this challenge.”可知，学生向作者提出挑战。故选D项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，面对一个接一个的挑战，我努力去寻找答案。A. dealt处理；B. struggled奋力前进，艰难行进；C. fought战斗；D. engaged参加，从事。根据句中“one response after the other”和“this challenge”可推知，学生的要求很高，面对一个又一个挑战，作者奋力前行。故选B项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的插图展示了玫瑰和百合的外在美，他的X射线揭示了它们的构造奇迹。A. external外部的；B. artificial人工的；C. classical经典的；D. traditional传统的。结合常识和句中“illustrations”可推知，插图或图片展示的是外在美。故选A项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的插图展示了玫瑰和百合的外在美，他的X射线揭示了它们的构造奇迹。A. ensured确保；B. analyzed分析；C. revealed揭露；D. delivered递送。根据上文可知，插图展示花的外在美，相应的X射线“揭示”了其内部构造。故选C项。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个短篇故事并不是要去欣赏的化石。A. however然而；B. furthermore此外；C. therefore因此；D. besides而且。根据下文“Readers must ask questions, guess at the answers”可知，短篇故事需要提出问题并猜测答案，并不是仅仅摆在那里去观赏的化石，上下文有转折关系。故选A项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：读者必须提出问题，猜测答案，预测接下来会发生什么，然后通过阅读来发现。A. interpret解释；B. anticipate预期；C. predict预测；D. tell告诉。根据句中“what will happen next”可知，预测将会发生什么。故选C项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：认识到这种伙伴关系，通过讨论、分析、解释和评价，保持原有的激情。A. conclusion结论；B. evaluation评价；C. summary总结；D. appreciation欣赏。根据上文“discussion, analysis, interpretation”可推知，读者会讨论、分析、解释和评价文学作品。故选B项。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：文学探索让读者欣赏作者的技艺和艺术技巧。A. craftsmanship技艺；B. intentions目的；C. depth深度；D. character性格。根据“artistry”可推知，读者会欣赏作者的技艺和艺术技巧。故选A项。 32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：最后一步是再次把故事作为一个整体来欣赏——把碎片拼在一起。A. by itself单独地；B. in vain徒然；C. in question讨论中的；D. as a whole作为一个整体。根据句中“to put the pieces back together”可知，要把故事拼起来，作为一个整体。故选D项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你的阅读冒险中，与出版过《学生短篇小说》的学者进行对话。A. observation观察；B. involvement参与；C. experiment实验；D. adventure冒险。根据最后一段中“During this adventure, I hope you will feel the same as the listeners that surround the neck of my Pueblo storyteller.”可推知，作者把与这一阅读和对话视为冒险活动。故选D项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过与专家的对话，你将修正、丰富或确认你原来的观察和解释。A. journey旅行；B. process步骤；C. dialogue对话；D. contact联系。根据上文“a dialogue with the published scholars”可知，读者会与专家对话。故选C项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过与专家的对话，你将修正、丰富或确认你原来的观察和解释。A. recall记起；B. confirm确定；C. identify认出；D. cancel取消。根据上文可知，读者会与专家对话，结合句中“revise, enrich”可推知，通读对话，读者能修正、丰富或确认之前的观察和解释。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I had always been one of those quiet boys who preferred dreams to the real world. I was, in addition, absurdly shy, and therefore often mistaken for a fool, which upset me deeply. For nothing terrified me more than the prospect of correcting a false impression. Though I was often blamed by mistakes made by my classmates, I never dare to say a word in self-defense. I would simply go home to hide in a corner and cry. My greatest pleasure was to sit alone, reading, and let my thoughts drift away in the stories. My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life; they were full of adventures and heroic deeds. They left marks on me. There was, for instance, a book about the history of the Roman Empire, in which an ambassador, while negotiating a treaty, was told that he was to accept the terms offered, on pain of death: his response was to plunge his arm into a fire and continue with his deliberations, in absolute calm. Inspired by his courage, I proceeded to test my own powers of resilience by plunging my own hand into the fire, only to burn my fingers badly. I can still see that ambassador, smiling calmly through his pain. Father hated my reading all the time, and sometimes he threw away my books. Some nights he refused to let me turn on the light in my bedroom. But I could always find a way, and after he caught me reading by the light of a string-wick lamp, he gave up and left me to it. There was a time when I tried my hand at writing; indeed, I even made a few little poems, but I quickly abandoned my efforts. No matter what I had bottled up inside me, I was extremely anxious about letting it out, and so my adventures in writing ended. I did, however, carry on painting. There was, I thought, no risk of revealing anything personal. I just took something from the outside world and brought it to life on paper. Sometimes I did hide some personal expression in it, but I made sure that it was visible enough to be seen and trivial enough to be ignored. The first time I showed my painting to my father, he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply, and said: “My son finally made something.” Then here I am, as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts, wondering how everything happened, from my daydreams to painting. 36．The sentence “They left marks on me.” (in paragraph 2) means ________. A．daydreams did nothing but hurt the writer badly B．daydreams influenced the writer's behavior in real life C．the writer had lasting memory of the books he read D．the writer couldn't distinguish books form reality 37．The writer gave up writing because ________. A．it was not as interesting as reading B．he was too shy to reveal his inner world C．he couldn't write good works D．his father didn't like him writing 38．Throughout the passage what can we learn about the writer's father? A．He was impressed with his son's painting B．He didn't like the personality of his son. C．He was touched by his son's persistence in reading. D．He had a high expectation of his son in writing. 39．The passage is mainly about ________. A．the power of reading B．the writer's adventurous daydreams C．reflection on the start of a career D．the efforts made to be painter 【答案】36．B 37．B 38．A 39．C 【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己是一个安静，害羞，爱阅读，喜欢做白日梦的孩子，但这一切都为自己以后的工作奠定了基础。 36．句意猜测题。根据第二段句首“My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life; they were full of adventures and heroic deeds.(我的白日梦和现实形成对比；梦中充满了冒险和英雄的行为)”可知，他的这些白日梦对作者的真实世界有影响。故选B。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段“No matter what I had bottled up inside me, I was extremely anxious about letting it out, and so my adventures in writing ended. (无论我在内心怎样想，我都极度担心将这些思想流露出来。因此我的写作冒险结束了)”可知，作者放弃写作是因为他太内向了，而不愿表露自己的心声。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The first time I showed my painting to my father, he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply, and said:‘My son finally made something.’(第一次我将我的绘画拿给父亲看的时候，他沉默一会儿，然后深深呼吸一下，说到‘我的儿子终于有出息了’）”可知，他被儿子的绘画打动了，故选A。 39．主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲述了小时候的爱好对后天的工作将会产生很大的影响，故选C。 (B) Top Scientists Take Sides Famous Inducers(Experiment> ) Gregor Mendel(1822-1884) Mendel spent years recording variations in the appearance of peas and other living things. By analysing this data, he identified mathematical laws that govern genetics. Alexander Fleming(1881-1955) While studying bacteria, Fleming observed that bread mold (霉) could kill bacteria harmful to human health. This led him to discover penicillin, the first effective antibiotic. Ernest Rutherford(1871-1937) During an experiment, Rutherford noted that energetic particles could pass easily through thin metal foil (箔). From this evidence he formulated a scientific law: the atom is mostly empty space. Famous Deducers(Theory> Experiment) Isaac Newton(1643-1727) Inspired by the motion of falling objects(but probably not an apple!) Newton proposed that all objects attract each other. Only later did he perform calculations to prove that his idea, “universal gravitation,” was true. Democritus(c. 460-370 B．C． ) Based on philosophical principles, Democritus argued that a material cannot be divided into smaller pieces forever; he called its smallest possible unit an “atom.” Democritus had no means to test his theory. But later experimenters proved atoms are real. Alfred Wegener(1880-1930) Noticing the interlockable shapes of the continents, Wegener made the bold proposal that Earth’s land masses began as a single, giant continent. Over many years, many disciplines including geology and fossilology would finally prove that his theory of “continental drift” is accurate. 40．Which of the following best define “Inducers” and “Deducers” according to the poster? A．Inducers are those who arrive at a conclusion based on theories. B．Inducers prefer to make experiments to prove some relative theories. C．Deducers usually do more experiments than develop theories. D．Deducers tend to arrive at a conclusion by reasoning or inference. 41．Which of the following is True according to the poster? A．Mendel recognised mathematical laws governing genetics by farming. B．Newton proposed the idea “universal gravitation” by observing the falling of apples. C．It was Fleming who made the discovery of the first effective antibiotic. D．Alfred Wegener created the theory of “continental drift” after he found rich evidence. 42．Where can this poster most probably be seen? A．In a university lecture. B．In a physics textbook. C．In a science magazine. D．In an advertisement. 【答案】40．D 41．C 42．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。短文主要介绍了两种科学家的研究方法：归纳法（Inducers）和演绎法（Deducers），并举例说明了这两种方法的代表性科学家及其贡献。 40．推理判断题。根据表格右侧“Inspired by the motion of falling objects(but probably not an apple!)Newton proposed that all objects attract each other. ”（灵感来自于下落物体的运动(但可能不是苹果!)牛顿提出所有物体都相互吸引。）根据“Based on philosophical principles, Democritus argued that a material cannot be divided into smaller pieces forever; he called its smallest possible unit an “atom.” ”（基于哲学原理，德谟克利特认为物质不可能永远被分割成更小的碎片；他把它最小的可能单位称为“原子”）根据“Noticing the interlockable shapes of the continents, Wegener made the bold proposal that Earth’s land masses began as a single, giant continent.”（魏格纳注意到大陆的形状是相互联系的，他大胆地提出地球的陆地群最初是一个单一的巨大大陆。）可知，演绎法的科学家是通过推理或推断来得出结论。故选D。 41．细节理解题。根据表格左侧Alexander Fleming(1881-1955)部分中“While studying bacteria, Fleming observed that bread mold (霉) could kill bacteria harmful to human health. This led him to discover penicillin, the first effective antibiotic.”（弗莱明在研究细菌时发现面包霉能杀死对人体有害的细菌。这使他发现了第一个有效的抗生素，青霉素。）可知，是弗莱明发现了第一个有效的抗生素。故选C。 42．推理判断题。短文主要介绍了两种科学家的研究方法：归纳法（Inducers）和演绎法（Deducers），并举例说明了这两种方法的代表性科学家及其贡献。所以短文来自科学杂志。故选C。 (C) Every year millions of breeding monarch butterflies in the U.S. and southern Canada search for milkweed plants on which to lay their eggs. Concern over shrinking habitat （居住地）has urged conservationists to create monarch-friendly spaces along roadsides, which are more than enough within the butterflies range and usually publicly owned. But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out, a new study finds. They eventually do become desensitized to it—but that might cause trouble to them later on, too. Noise pollution is known to affect the lives of birds, whales and other creatures. But until recently, scientists had never tested whether it leads to a stress response in insects. When Andy Davis, a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia, noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by, he wondered how the constant noise might affect them. Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor, fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measure monarch caterpillars’ heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in the laboratory. The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster than those of caterpillars in a silent room. But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day development period, Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters. This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults, Davis says. A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters in Mexico, as they narrowly escape predators（捕食者）and fight wind currents. Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs’ survival rates remains unknown, notes Ryan Norris, an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, who was not involved in the study. But in any case, he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butterflies’ death rates as a result of crashes with cars. ”There is so much potential road habitat for monarchs and other insects一it would be such a nice thing to capitalize on,” Norris says. ‌“But you just can’t get around the traffic.” Davis adds: ”I think roads and monarchs just don’t mix.” 43．By ‌“They eventually do become desensitized to it”, the writer means that. A．monarch caterpillars react less strongly to noise B．monarch caterpillars are stressed out by road noise C．conservationists are worried about butterflies habitat D．conservationists no longer create monarch-friendly spaces 44．What inspired Andy Davis to explore the effect of noise on monarch caterpillars? A．There had been little research on monarch caterpillars. B．Videos showed cars crashed into monarch caterpillars. C．There was no such record of monarch caterpillars’ heart rates. D．He found that monarch caterpillars shook with cars moving by. 45．According to Andy Davis, how will exposure to noise influence monarch butterflies? A．They are likely to need more time to develop. B．They are likely to lose their way on their journey. C．They are more likely to be killed in their migration. D．They are more likely to die before they become adults. 46．What is Ryan Norris most likely to agree with? A．Monarchs5 survival rates are decreasing each year. B．It is not recommended that roadside habitat be built for insects. C．More capital is needed to study monarchs? developmental period. D．Butterflies’ rising death rates have nothing to do with moving cars. 【答案】43．A 44．D 45．C 46．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了高速公路的噪音对黑脉金斑蝶的影响。 43．推理判断题。根据根据第一段中“But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out, a new study finds.  They eventually do become desensitized to it—but that might cause trouble to them later on, too.(但一项新的研究发现，交通噪音会让帝王蝶毛虫感到压力。他们最终会对它脱敏，但这也可能会在以后给他们带来麻烦)”第三段中“The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster than those of caterpillars in a silent room.  But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day development period, Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters.(在高速公路噪音中暴露两个小时的毛毛虫的心脏跳动速度比在安静房间中的毛毛虫快17%。但是，戴维斯和他的同事在5月份的《生物学快报》上报告说，在整个12天的发育期内，一直听到交通声音的噪音组的心率恢复到了基线水平)”可推知，作者说“They eventually do become desensitized to it”的意思是黑脉金斑蝶幼虫对噪音的反应较弱。故选A项。 44．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When Andy Davis, a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia, noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by, he wondered how the constant noise might affect them.  Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor, fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measure monarch caterpillars’ heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in the laboratory.(当乔治亚大学的保护生理学家安迪·戴维斯(Andy Davis)在网上看到路边黑脉金斑毛虫在汽车经过时明显颤抖的视频时，他想知道持续的噪音会如何影响它们。戴维斯制作了一个定制的毛虫心脏监测器，在显微镜上安装了一个小传感器，当它们在实验室里听交通声音录音时，可以精确测量帝王蝶的心率)”可知，安迪·戴维斯发现黑脉金斑蝶毛虫会随着汽车的移动而晃动，启发他去探索噪音对帝王蝶毛虫的影响。故选D项。 45．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults, Davis says.  A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters in Mexico, as they narrowly escape predators and fight wind currents.(戴维斯说，当毛虫成年后，这种脱敏可能会产生问题。在两个月的墨西哥过冬之旅中，快速的压力反应对帝王蝶来说至关重要，因为它们可以侥幸逃脱捕食者并与气流作斗争)”可知，露在噪音中会使他们更有可能在迁徙过程中被杀害。故选C项。 46．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs’ survival rates remains unknown, notes Ryan Norris, an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, who was not involved in the study.  But in any case, he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butterflies’ death rates as a result of crashes with cars. ” There is so much potential road habitat for monarchs and other insects一it would be such a nice thing to capitalize on,” Norris says.  ‌“But you just can’t get around the traffic.”  Davis adds: ”I think roads and monarchs just don’t mix.”(安大略圭尔夫大学(University of Guelph)的生态学家瑞安·诺里斯(Ryan Norris)没有参与这项研究，他指出，吵闹的发育时期是否会降低帝王蝶的存活率尚不清楚。但无论如何，他认为路边栖息地几乎肯定会导致蝴蝶因车祸而死亡。“对于帝王蝶和其他昆虫来说，有这么多潜在的道路栖息地一这将是一件很好的事情，”诺里斯说。“但是你就是无法避开交通堵塞。”戴维斯补充说:“我认为道路和帝王蝶不能混在一起。”)”可知，瑞安·诺里斯最有可能同意不建议在路边建造昆虫栖息地，因为他认为道路和帝王蝶不能混在一起。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. 47 Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old—while others fade. 48 It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. 49 Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status. 50 However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A．It also means better physical health. B．One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C．Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D．These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E．But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F．Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. 【答案】47．E 48．B 49．A 50．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了主观年龄（即人们感觉自己的年龄）及其对个人健康和福祉的影响。文章强调，无论实际年龄如何，我们都可以通过调整主观年龄观来提升生活质量。 47．上文提到“Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. (像身高或鞋码一样，自你第一次进入这个世界以来经过的年数是一个不可改变的事实)”，这引出了关于年龄的一个观点，即我们的年龄感受是基于内心的感受。而下文则进一步探讨了科学家们对这个品质的兴趣，以及主观年龄与个性之间的关系。因此，E选项“But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way.(但日常经验表明，人们往往不会以同样的方式经历衰老)”作为过渡句，既承接了上文关于年龄感受的观点，又为下文的讨论奠定了基础，符合题意。故选E。 48．下文提到“ It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. (现在人们普遍认为，随着年龄的增长，人们会逐渐成熟，变得不那么外向，对新经历的开放程度也会降低)”，这是在描述一个普遍的观点或现象。而B选项“One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality.(研究中最有趣的一个方面探讨了主观年龄如何与我们的个性相互作用)”则直接引出了这个话题，因此B选项作为主题句，既概括了下文的内容，又引领了上文的话题，符合题意。故选B。 49．上文提到“Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. (感觉比实际年龄年轻似乎还伴随着较低的抑郁风险和更大的心理健康)”，这是在描述一种积极的影响或结果。而A选项“It also means better physical health.(这也意味着更好的身体健康)”则是对上文积极影响的进一步延伸或补充，it指代前文的“感觉比实际年龄年轻”这个事实。故选A。 50．前文提到“Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged—and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status.( 大多数人感觉比他们实际的年龄年轻约八岁。但有些人却感到自己变老了——后果非常严重。感觉比实际年龄大8到13岁的人，在研究期间死亡风险增加了18%至25%，患病负担也更重，即使控制了其他人口学因素（如教育程度、种族或婚姻状况）也是如此。)”，这是在列举了一些研究结果，最后指出这些发现具有重要意义。而D选项“These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time.(这些发现可以让我们更好地了解我们自己的大脑和身体是如何随着时间的推移而衰老的)” 是对整段研究结果的总结性评价，既呼应了前文的研究成果，也引出了其深层意义。故选D。 IV.Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Absent-mindedness “Most events of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Dr. Daniel Schacter, a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.” “Encoding,” Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.” Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket of a jacket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget where exactly you put your mobile phone. Your memory itself isn’t failing you. Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. As many people accept, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Yes, visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But be sure the cue is clear and available. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox,” says Zelinski, a scientist from New York University. There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Lack of attention or interest can result in absent-mindedness. Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not recognizing visual cues in the environment, in which case the cue should be visual and approachable. Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，缺乏注意力或兴趣会导致心不在焉。缺乏注意力是指没有有效地将信息提供给你的记忆系统以便你以后回忆它，或者是没有识别环境中的视觉线索。同时，缺乏兴趣也会导致心不在焉，会使我们忘记原本可以记住的东西。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①“Most events of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Dr. Daniel Schacter, a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist. ②“Encoding,” Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.” ③Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. ④Yes, visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. ⑤Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. 2.缜密构思 将第①、⑤两个要点进行重组，将第②、③、④三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 ①Lack of attention or interest can result in absent-mindedness. ②Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not recognizing visual cues in the environment. ③Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Lack of attention refers either to not giving information to your memory system effectively for you to recall it later or to not recognizing visual cues in the environment, in which case the cue should be visual and approachable. 运用“in which case”引导的非限制性定语从句对原文第二段和第三段内容进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Lack of interest causes us to forget what might otherwise be remembered. 运用“what”引导的宾语从句对原文第四段内容进行了概括。 V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．每个人都对小女孩用蜡笔画出的这精美的图案惊叹不已。(marvel) ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Everyone marveled at the beautiful pattern the little girl drew with her crayons. 【详解】考查固定短语、动词时态、冠词、名词。结合句意可知，事情已经发生，故句子时态为一般过去时；表示“对……惊叹不已”为固定短语marvel at；表示“图案”为名词pattern，结合句意可知为特指，故需要用定冠词the修饰；表示“用……（工具）”为介词with；表示“蜡笔”为crayon，结合常识可知，画一个精美的图案需要用到多支蜡笔，故用复数形式。故翻译为Everyone marveled at the beautiful pattern the little girl drew with her crayons. 53．显而易见，照片上的形象与我眼前的这个人一点不像。（look） ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Obviously, the image in the photo looks nothing like the person in front of me. 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和短语。根据所给中文提示词，“显而易见”应该做状语，修饰后面整个句子，译为“obviously”，本句主语是“形象”，“照片上的”做定语修饰主语，所以译为“the image in the photo”，谓语动词根据题干要求，需用look，再根据句意此处应该用固定搭配：look like意为“看起来像”，“与我眼前的这个人一点不像”应译为“look nothing like the person in front of me”描述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语是“the image”为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用“looks”。故译为：Obviously, the image in the photo looks nothing like the person in front of me. 54．儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔日举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙。(as … as) ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Although Confucianism, which has been prevalent/widespread in China for thousands of years,is not as important as it used to be, it is still a key to understanding the splendid Chinese civilization. 【详解】考查状语从句，定语从句和固定短语。表示“虽然”用although，其引导让步状语从句；表示“儒教”用Confucianism；表示“儒教在中国历代盛行数千年”用which has been prevalent/widespread in China for thousands of years，该结构中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文的Confucianism，同时句子表述动作发生在过去对现在有影响，使用现在完成时，表示“盛行，流行”用prevalent或者widespread；表示“地位不如昔日举足轻重”用is not as important as it used to be；表示“仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙”用it is still a key to understanding the splendid Chinese civilization。故翻译为Although Confucianism,which has been prevalent/widespread in China for thousands of years,is not as important as it used to be, it is still a key to understanding the splendid Chinese civilization。 55．从小县城发家，这家公司以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才，在短短十年内成为行业翘楚。( vision) ________________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Originating from a small county, this company, thanks to its unique vision, advanced products and innovative talents, has become a leader in the industry within just ten years. 【详解】考查动词（短语）、介词短语、形容词、名词和非谓语动词。主干部分为“这家公司在短短十年内成为行业翘楚”，描述过去发生的行为现在产生的结果，时态应用现在完成时，主语“这家公司”可用名词短语this company，为单数，系动词“成为”可用动词become，助动词用has，表语“行业翘楚”可用名词短语a leader in the industry，时间状语“在短短十年内”可用介词短语within just ten years；“从小县城发家”可用分词作状语，“从……发家”可用动词短语originate from，和主语company之间是主动关系，originate用现在分词的形式，“小县城”可用名词短语a small county；“以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才”可理解为“多亏了其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才”，“多亏了”可用介词短语thanks to，“其独到眼光”可用名词短语its unique vision，“先进产品”可用名词短语advanced products，“创新人才”可用名词短语innovative talents，三个短语之间是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故可译为：Originating from a small county, this company, thanks to its unique vision, advanced products and innovative talents, has become a leader in the industry within just ten years. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 假设你是明启中学学生李华，近期调查发现，许多同学对校园传统活动(如诗词朗诵、手工艺市集、校史剧演出等)参与热情下降，更倾向于短视频、电竞等新兴娱乐。你对此现象颇有感触，给校园文化节组委会写信，表达自己的看法，内容包括： (1)你的态度和理由； (2)你的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Organizing Committee of the Campus Culture Festival,​ I’m Li Hua from Mingqi High School. Recently, I’ve noticed that students are showing less enthusiasm for traditional campus activities. Instead, they are more drawn to emerging forms of entertainment like short videos and e-sports. This phenomenon deeply worries me.​ Traditional campus activities are the essence of our school’s cultural heritage. They not only cultivate students’ cultural literacy but also enhance our sense of identity and belonging. In contrast, overindulgence in emerging entertainment may lead to a lack of concentration and a decline in cultural appreciation ability.​ To address this issue, I suggest integrating modern elements into traditional activities. For instance, we can use social media platforms to promote these events. Additionally, we could design interactive links in traditional activities, making them more engaging and interesting.​ I sincerely hope that my suggestions can contribute to the revival of students’ interest in traditional campus activities.​ Yours sincerely,​ Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就许多同学对校园传统活动参与热情下降并更倾向于短视频、电竞等新兴娱乐这一现象给校园文化节组委会写信，表达自己的看法，并提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提升：enhance → improve 导致：lead to → cause 下降：decline → drop 应对，处理：address → deal with 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：They not only cultivate students’ cultural literacy but also enhance our sense of identity and belonging. 拓展句：Not only do they cultivate students’ cultural literacy, but also they enhance our sense of identity and belonging. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Additionally, we could design interactive links in traditional activities, making them more engaging and interesting.(运用了现在分词短语作状语) 【高分句型2】I sincerely hope that my suggestions can contribute to the revival of students’ interest in traditional campus activities.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2026年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷02） 英语·考试版 （笔试部分） II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Silent Crisis of E-Waste Recycling In the narrow streets of the Indian city Mumbai’s Dharavi neighborhood, 34-year-old Rajesh spends his days taking apart old electronics — computers, phones, and televisions — that wealthier citizens throw away. The workshop where he works 1 (lack) proper airflow and is filled with circuit boards that contain harmful metals like lead and mercury. For over a decade, Rajesh 2 (breathe) in smoke from melted plastics and acids used to extract valuable metals. He is unaware of 3 harm these substances could do to his body. Studies show that e-waste, which accounts for 5% of global solid waste, is rarely recycled safely in developing countries. Although governments have introduced regulations, nearly 80% of thrown-away electronics end up in informal workshops like Rajesh’s. Experts warn that workers not provided protection 4 the metals face serious health problems. “The harmful substances they’re exposed to daily can damage kidneys, nervous systems, and in 5 (bad) cases, even cause cancer,” says Dr. Anika Patel, an environmental health researcher. Rajesh’s situation reflects a global imbalance. Wealthy nations, with consumer behavior 6 (drive) by a constant desire to upgrade devices, produce massive e-waste. In contrast, the burden (负担) of processing e-waste falls unfairly on communities lacking the resources to protect themselves. Many workers, whose families depend on this dangerous job, 7 not afford to quit. Efforts to address the crisis are slowly emerging. NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) have begun training workers like Rajesh on safer techniques and advised 8 (wear) gloves and masks, which they have distributed. However, progress is slowed by economic realities. “Recycling devices properly requires expensive machines,” Rajesh explains, “but no one wants to pay extra for 9 .” The issue extends beyond health. Soil and water near e-waste sites have been polluted, affecting millions who rely on these resources. 10 safer systems are valued above anything else, the cycle of harm — driven by inequality — will continue. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．appliance  B．assign  C． consciousness  D．dominance  E. excluded  F. friendliness     G. performance    H. personify    I. qualities    J. stood    K. yelled The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying — first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen 11 what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain circumstances, people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attach 12 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can alleviate loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 13 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends — unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human 14 . The phone apparently 15 in for real friends. At other times, we 16 products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents 17 at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and desires”. So how do people 18 traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with 19 . Similarly, people rated cars, clocks and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them — especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles that were up turned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this feature as increasing a car’s 20 . III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Now that we have briefly explored the history of the short story and heard from a few of its creators, let us consider the role of the reader. Readers are not empty vessels that wait, 21 raised, to receive a teacher’s or a critic’s interpretation. They bring their unique life experiences to the story. With these 22 , the best readers also bring their attention, their reading skills, and most importantly, their 23 to a reading of a story. My students always 24 me to discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the stories we read without destroying the excitement of being beamed up into another world. For years I 25 with one response after the other to this challenge. Then one day I read an article by a botanist who had explored the beauty of flowers by x-raying them. His illustrations showed the rose and the lily in their 26 beauty, and his x-rays 27 the wonders of their construction. I brought the article to class, where we discussed the benefits of examining the internal structure of flowers, relationships, current events, and short stories. A short story, 28 , is not a fossil to admire. Readers must ask questions, guess at the answers, 29 what will happen next, then read to discover. They and the author form a partnership that brings the story to life. Awareness of this partnership keeps the original excitement alive through discussion, analysis, interpretation, and 30 . Literary explorations allow the reader to admire the authors’ 31 as well as their artistry. In fact, original appreciation may be enhanced by this x-ray vision. The final step is to appreciate once again the story 32 — to put the pieces back together. Now it is your turn. Form a partnership with your author. During your 33 in reading, enter into a dialogue with the published scholars featured in Short Stories for Students. Through this 34 with experts you will revise, enrich, or 35 your original observations and interpretations. During this adventure, I hope you will feel the same as the listeners that surround the neck of my Pueblo storyteller. 21．A．hands B．sails C．flags D．lids 22．A．considerations B．explorations C．associations D．interpretations 23．A．imagination B．eagerness C．determination D．affection 24．A．begged B．supported C．encouraged D．challenged 25．A．dealt B．struggled C．fought D．engaged 26．A．external B．artificial C．classical D．traditional 27．A．ensured B．analyzed C．revealed D．delivered 28．A．however B．furthermore C．therefore D．besides 29．A．interpret B．anticipate C．predict D．tell 30．A．conclusion B．evaluation C．summary D．appreciation 31．A．craftsmanship B．intentions C．depth D．character 32．A．by itself B．in vain C．in question D．as a whole 33．A．observation B．involvement C．experiment D．adventure 34．A．journey B．process C．dialogue D．contact 35．A．recall B．confirm C．identify D．cancel Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I had always been one of those quiet boys who preferred dreams to the real world. I was, in addition, absurdly shy, and therefore often mistaken for a fool, which upset me deeply. For nothing terrified me more than the prospect of correcting a false impression. Though I was often blamed by mistakes made by my classmates, I never dare to say a word in self-defense. I would simply go home to hide in a corner and cry. My greatest pleasure was to sit alone, reading, and let my thoughts drift away in the stories. My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life; they were full of adventures and heroic deeds. They left marks on me. There was, for instance, a book about the history of the Roman Empire, in which an ambassador, while negotiating a treaty, was told that he was to accept the terms offered, on pain of death: his response was to plunge his arm into a fire and continue with his deliberations, in absolute calm. Inspired by his courage, I proceeded to test my own powers of resilience by plunging my own hand into the fire, only to burn my fingers badly. I can still see that ambassador, smiling calmly through his pain. Father hated my reading all the time, and sometimes he threw away my books. Some nights he refused to let me turn on the light in my bedroom. But I could always find a way, and after he caught me reading by the light of a string-wick lamp, he gave up and left me to it. There was a time when I tried my hand at writing; indeed, I even made a few little poems, but I quickly abandoned my efforts. No matter what I had bottled up inside me, I was extremely anxious about letting it out, and so my adventures in writing ended. I did, however, carry on painting. There was, I thought, no risk of revealing anything personal. I just took something from the outside world and brought it to life on paper. Sometimes I did hide some personal expression in it, but I made sure that it was visible enough to be seen and trivial enough to be ignored. The first time I showed my painting to my father, he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply, and said: “My son finally made something.” Then here I am, as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts, wondering how everything happened, from my daydreams to painting. 36．The sentence “They left marks on me.” (in paragraph 2) means ________. A．daydreams did nothing but hurt the writer badly B．daydreams influenced the writer's behavior in real life C．the writer had lasting memory of the books he read D．the writer couldn't distinguish books form reality 37．The writer gave up writing because ________. A．it was not as interesting as reading B．he was too shy to reveal his inner world C．he couldn't write good works D．his father didn't like him writing 38．Throughout the passage what can we learn about the writer's father? A．He was impressed with his son's painting B．He didn't like the personality of his son. C．He was touched by his son's persistence in reading. D．He had a high expectation of his son in writing. 39．The passage is mainly about ________. A．the power of reading B．the writer's adventurous daydreams C．reflection on the start of a career D．the efforts made to be painter (B) Top Scientists Take Sides Famous Inducers(Experiment> ) Gregor Mendel(1822-1884) Mendel spent years recording variations in the appearance of peas and other living things. By analysing this data, he identified mathematical laws that govern genetics. Alexander Fleming(1881-1955) While studying bacteria, Fleming observed that bread mold (霉) could kill bacteria harmful to human health. This led him to discover penicillin, the first effective antibiotic. Ernest Rutherford(1871-1937) During an experiment, Rutherford noted that energetic particles could pass easily through thin metal foil (箔). From this evidence he formulated a scientific law: the atom is mostly empty space. Famous Deducers(Theory> Experiment) Isaac Newton(1643-1727) Inspired by the motion of falling objects(but probably not an apple!) Newton proposed that all objects attract each other. Only later did he perform calculations to prove that his idea, “universal gravitation,” was true. Democritus(c. 460-370 B．C． ) Based on philosophical principles, Democritus argued that a material cannot be divided into smaller pieces forever; he called its smallest possible unit an “atom.” Democritus had no means to test his theory. But later experimenters proved atoms are real. Alfred Wegener(1880-1930) Noticing the interlockable shapes of the continents, Wegener made the bold proposal that Earth’s land masses began as a single, giant continent. Over many years, many disciplines including geology and fossilology would finally prove that his theory of “continental drift” is accurate. 40．Which of the following best define “Inducers” and “Deducers” according to the poster? A．Inducers are those who arrive at a conclusion based on theories. B．Inducers prefer to make experiments to prove some relative theories. C．Deducers usually do more experiments than develop theories. D．Deducers tend to arrive at a conclusion by reasoning or inference. 41．Which of the following is True according to the poster? A．Mendel recognised mathematical laws governing genetics by farming. B．Newton proposed the idea “universal gravitation” by observing the falling of apples. C．It was Fleming who made the discovery of the first effective antibiotic. D．Alfred Wegener created the theory of “continental drift” after he found rich evidence. 42．Where can this poster most probably be seen? A．In a university lecture. B．In a physics textbook. C．In a science magazine. D．In an advertisement. (C) Every year millions of breeding monarch butterflies in the U.S. and southern Canada search for milkweed plants on which to lay their eggs. Concern over shrinking habitat （居住地）has urged conservationists to create monarch-friendly spaces along roadsides, which are more than enough within the butterflies range and usually publicly owned. But traffic noise stresses monarch caterpillars out, a new study finds. They eventually do become desensitized to it—but that might cause trouble to them later on, too. Noise pollution is known to affect the lives of birds, whales and other creatures. But until recently, scientists had never tested whether it leads to a stress response in insects. When Andy Davis, a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia, noticed online videos of roadside monarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by, he wondered how the constant noise might affect them. Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor, fitting a small sensor into a microscope to precisely measure monarch caterpillars’ heart rates as they listened to recordings of traffic sounds in the laboratory. The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster than those of caterpillars in a silent room. But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned to baseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day development period, Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters. This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults, Davis says. A rapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters in Mexico, as they narrowly escape predators（捕食者）and fight wind currents. Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs’ survival rates remains unknown, notes Ryan Norris, an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario, who was not involved in the study. But in any case, he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butterflies’ death rates as a result of crashes with cars. ”There is so much potential road habitat for monarchs and other insects一it would be such a nice thing to capitalize on,” Norris says. ‌“But you just can’t get around the traffic.” Davis adds: ”I think roads and monarchs just don’t mix.” 43．By ‌“They eventually do become desensitized to it”, the writer means that. A．monarch caterpillars react less strongly to noise B．monarch caterpillars are stressed out by road noise C．conservationists are worried about butterflies habitat D．conservationists no longer create monarch-friendly spaces 44．What inspired Andy Davis to explore the effect of noise on monarch caterpillars? A．There had been little research on monarch caterpillars. B．Videos showed cars crashed into monarch caterpillars. C．There was no such record of monarch caterpillars’ heart rates. D．He found that monarch caterpillars shook with cars moving by. 45．According to Andy Davis, how will exposure to noise influence monarch butterflies? A．They are likely to need more time to develop. B．They are likely to lose their way on their journey. C．They are more likely to be killed in their migration. D．They are more likely to die before they become adults. 46．What is Ryan Norris most likely to agree with? A．Monarchs5 survival rates are decreasing each year. B．It is not recommended that roadside habitat be built for insects. C．More capital is needed to study monarchs? developmental period. D．Butterflies’ rising death rates have nothing to do with moving cars. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. 47 Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old—while others fade. 48 It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. 49 Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status. 50 However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A．It also means better physical health. B．One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C．Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D．These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E．But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F．Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. IV.Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Absent-mindedness “Most events of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Dr. Daniel Schacter, a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.” “Encoding,” Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.” Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket of a jacket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget where exactly you put your mobile phone. Your memory itself isn’t failing you. Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. As many people accept, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Yes, visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But be sure the cue is clear and available. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox,” says Zelinski, a scientist from New York University. There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．每个人都对小女孩用蜡笔画出的这精美的图案惊叹不已。(marvel) ________________________________________________________________________. 53．显而易见，照片上的形象与我眼前的这个人一点不像。（look） ________________________________________________________________________. 54．儒教在中国历代盛行数千年,虽地位不如昔日举足轻重,但仍然是了解灿烂中华文明一把钥匙。(as … as) ________________________________________________________________________. 55．从小县城发家，这家公司以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才，在短短十年内成为行业翘楚。( vision) ________________________________________________________________________. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 假设你是明启中学学生李华，近期调查发现，许多同学对校园传统活动(如诗词朗诵、手工艺市集、校史剧演出等)参与热情下降，更倾向于短视频、电竞等新兴娱乐。你对此现象颇有感触，给校园文化节组委会写信，表达自己的看法，内容包括： (1)你的态度和理由； (2)你的建议。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Listening comprehensions section a directions in section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the interview ge conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations in the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation in the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. One, hurry up, otherwise we would be late for the meeting. Oh, no, the needle is on empty. I thought the team was half full question. Where does the conversation most probably take place? Two, what time do you usually go home from work? Oh, I usually finish my work at five forty five and spend an hour on the way. But if there's a traffic jam, he will be seven forty five. Last night I got home very late at eight forty five. Question, when does the woman usually get home from work? Three, no one told me that Caroline was in hospital. Sorry, I meant to give you a call when I found out, but IT slipped my mind. Question, what does the man mean? Four, hey, i'd like to take some time off in july when the kids are out of school. What shall I do? Oh. you've got to submit a form to human resources question. What is the man going to do in july? Five, oh, no. The x mobile dropped my college again right in the middle of the conversation. I hardly ever get dropped with why mobile and long distance calls in germany are free. Question, what is the man's problem? Six, what time are we setting off on a mountain climbing trip? Dad. at ten o'clock or so depends on what time Angela arrives. SHE is usually behind schedule. Question, what do we know about Angela? Seven, we have had two new employees coming from other offices. Do you know them? Yeah, john is the most generous guy in the company who often pays for others meals. While tony is exactly the opposite question. what does the woman think of tony? Mandy, i'm disappointed with your work lately. You've been late three times in the past month, and last week you gave shoes of a wrong size to a customer. Sorry, mr. Jefferson, I promise to be more careful question. What's the most probable relationship between the two speakers? Nine, do you know that jack of your class has won the schools? Is debate competition? Wait, are we talking about the jack who is always too quiet to be noticed . in class question? What does the man mean? Ten, I heard that you went to the calligraphy exhibition. How was IT to . an art idiot like me sitting at home watching a sop? Pera would be a Better investment of time. Question, what does the man imply? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation, the passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following passage. Leisure is threatening japanese traditions as part of its attempt to increase imports, the government is trying to get people to work less and spend more while workers are turning their back on the attempt. The figures support the western prejudice that the japanese are all work and no play, trying to force workers away from their desks in machines. The government said last April that the country should cut down from its two thousand one hundred hours average work here to one thousand eight hundred ninety nine hours. But some persuading will be needed. Small companies . are very angry about IT, and they fear competitors may not cut hours. The unions are no happier. They have even advertised in newspapers arguing their case against the foreign pressure that is forced ing leasure upon them. They say that shorter hours are disguised pay cut. The industrialists, who have no objection to the government's plans, admit that shorter hours will help them cut cost. Younger japanese, who are supposed to be acting against their hard working parents, show no sign of wanting time off either. But unlike older workers, they do spend money in their spare time. Not content with watching television, they dance, dress up, sit in cafes, go to pop concerts and generally drive the leisure industry boom. Now that they know how to consume, maybe the west can teach them to relax and enjoy themselves too. Now listen again, please. Leisure is threatened japanese traditions, as part of its attempt to increase imports, the government is trying to get people to work less and spend more while workers are turning their back on the attempt. The figures support the western prejudice that the japanese are all work and no play, trying to force workers away from their death and machines. The government said last April that the country should cut down from its two thousand one hundred hours average work year to one thousand eight hundred ninety nine hours. But some persuading will be needed. Small companies are very angry about IT, and they fear competitors may not cut hours. The unions are no happier. They have even advertized in newspapers arguing their case against the foreign pressure that is forcing leasure upon them. They say that shorter hours are disguise ed pay cut, the industrialist, who have no objection to the government's plans, admit that shorter hours will help them cut cost. Younger japanese, who are supposed to be acting against their hard working parents, show no sign of wanting time off either. But unlike older workers, they do spend money in their spare time. Not content with watching television, they dance, dress up, sitting cafe, go to pop concerts, and generally drive the leisure industry boom. Now that they know how to consume, maybe the west can teach them to relax and enjoy themselves, too. Questions eleven, why does the government want the japanese to have more spare time? Twelve, which group of people in japan are in favor of the shorter hour system? Thirteen, what do we learn about the Younger japanese according to the passage? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, very greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed very slowly throughout. Others dash along too quickly and then have to go back over what has already been read. Poor readers, in particular, may like the ability to vary the manner of reading based on the type of reading material and according to their intentions. In reading IT, a good reader can move a great speed through the text of a novel or similar light reading matter. He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a general idea of what the text is about without really reading IT. In reading more difficult material with the intention of taking in the whole of IT, he will proceed more slowly, but even then, he will vary his pace, concentrating on the key words and passages, perhaps rereading them several times, and pass more quickly. Over the remainder, a less sufficient reader tends to maintain the same speed, whatever the material he reads. Consequently, even light reading matter gives him little pleasure because he reads so slowly, but this pace may be too fast for really difficult material, which requires special concentration at difficult points. Now listen again, please. There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, very greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed very slowly throughout. Others dash along too quickly and then have to go back over what has already been read. Poor readers, in particular, may lack the ability to vary their manner of reading based on the type of reading material in according to their intentions. In reading IT, a good reader can move at great speed through the text of a novel or similar light reading matter. He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word, or to hearing there, and gain a general idea of what the text is about without really reading IT. In reading more difficult material with the intention of taking in the whole of IT, he will proceed more slowly, but even then he will vary his pace, concentrated on the key words and passages, perhaps rereading them several times in past more quickly over the remainder. A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed, whatever the material he reads. Consequently, even light reading matter gives him little pleasure because he reads so slowly. But this pace may be too fast for really difficult material, which requires special concentration at difficult points. Questions fourteen, what idea does the speaker mainly want to convey? Fifteen, how do good readers deal with light reading matter? Sixteen, what is typical of inefficient readers in terms of reading speed? Question seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. Hello, and welcome to our program working abroad. Our guest this evening is a londoner who lives and works in italy. Her names, Susan hill. Susan, welcome to the program. You live influence. How long have you been living there since ninety? Eighty two? I had meant to stay for only six months, but later decided to live there permanently. Why did you change your mind? Well, i'm a designer. I design leather goods, mainly shoes and handbags. Soon after I arrived in FLorence, I got a job with one of italy's top fashion houses for ago, so I decided to stay. How lucky do you still work for aragua? A. no, i've been a free Lanced designer for a quite a long time now, since one nineteen eighty eight, in fact. So does that mean you design for several different companies now? Yes, that's right. I design many fashion items for a number of italian companies. And during the last four years, i've also been designing for the british company burberry. What have you been designing them? Mostly handbags and small leather goods. How's the fashion industry italy changed since nineteen. nineteen eighty two? Well, it's become a lot more competitive because the quality of products from other countries has improved a lot, but its high quality and design is still world famous. And do you ever think of returning to england? No, not really. Working in italy is more interesting. I also love the medical anian son and the italian lifestyle. Well, thank you for talking to us. Susan IT was a pleasure. Now listen again, please. Hello and welcome tour program working abroad. Our guests this evening is a londoner who lives and works in italy, her names, Susan hill. Susan, welcome to the program you live influence. How long have you been living there since? ninety? Eighty two? I had meant to stay for only six months, but later decided to live there permanently. Why did you change your mind? Well, i'm a designer. I design leather goods, mainly shoes and handbags. Soon after I arrived in FLorence, I got a job with one of italy's top fashion houses for ago, so I decided to stay. How lucky do you still work for arga? No, i've been a fancy designer for a quite a long time now, since one hundred and eighty eight, in fact. So does that mean you design for several different companies now? Yes, that's right. I design many fashion items for a number of italian companies. And during the last four years i've also been designing for the british company burberry. What have you been designing them? Mostly handbags and small leather goods. How's the fashion industry italy changed since nineteen. nineteen eighty two? Well, it's become a lot more competitive because the quality of products from other countries has improved a lot, but its high quality and design is still world famous. And do you ever think of returning to england? No, not really. Working in italy is more interesting. I also love the meditation, ian son and the italian lifestyle. Well, thank you for talking to us. Susan IT was a pleasure. Questions seventeen, where does this conversation most probably take place? Eighteen, what was the woman's a final decision when he went to FLorence? Nineteen, what has the woman been doing for a living since nineteen eighty eight? Twenty, what do we learn about the change in italy's fashion industry? That's the end of listening . comprehensions. 2026年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷02） 英语·考试版 （听力部分） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. On a plane. B. At the tailor’s. C. In a hospital. D. At a gas station. 2. A. 5:45. B. 6:45. C. 7:45. D. 8:45. 3. A. He didn’t know Caroline was in hospital. B. He took Caroline to the hospital. C. He forgot to call the woman. D. He slipped on the way to hospital. 4. A. To work in July. B. To print a form. C. To go back to school. D. To take a vacation. 5. A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls. C. His call got cut off. D. His mobile is too long. 6. A. They will meet Angela on the way. B. They will have an early start. C. Angela is usually a latecomer. D. Angela may not come tomorrow. 7. A. He is a person of generosity. B. He is in charge of the department. C. He is rather mean on money. D. He doesn’t get on well with colleagues. 8. A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Shop assistant and customer. D. Boss and employee. 9. A. There are several Jacks in his class. B. Jack’s personality has changed greatly. C. Jack had received training on debate. D. Jack was not likely to win the debate contest. 10. A. He was forced to go to the calligraphy exhibition. B. He found no interest in the calligraphy exhibition. C. He was poor at investing in exhibits of calligraphy. D. Watching soap operas is his favorite recreation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To encourage its people to retire later. B. To import more goods from abroad. C. To give its people additional social welfare. D. To change the long-held Western prejudice. 12. A. Small companies. B. Industrialists. C. Trade unions. D. Young people. 13. A. They know how to spend money. B. They are forced out of their class. C. The hold the same belief as the retired. D. They support their hardworking parents. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. There is a great difference between reading and listening. B. There are some effective ways to practice your reading skill. C. Highly educated and poorly educated people have different reading habits. D. The speed and efficiency of reading greatly depend on contents and purposes. 15. A. They move very fast through the text. B. They vary their speed when reading. C. They concentrate on the key words. D. They re-read the text at least twice. 16. A. Too slow for a difficult book though just right for a non-serious one. B. Too slow for a non-serious book but too fast for a difficult one. C. Too fast for difficult material though just right for a non-serious book. D. Too fast for a non-serious book as well as for a difficult one. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. In a studio. B. In a clothing store. C. At a fancy-dress ball. D. At a fashion show. 18. A. To stay for half a year. B. To live there for good. C. To find a better job to support herself. D. To sell leather goods for a British company. 19. A. Designing fashion items for several companies. B. Modeling for a world-famous Italian company. C. Working as an employee for Ferragamo. D. Serving as a sales agent for Burberry. 20. A. It has seen a steady decline in its profits. B. It has become much more competitive. C. It has lost many customers to foreign companies. D. It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad. ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2026年高考一轮复习调研卷（上海卷02） 英语·解析版 （听力部分） I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. On a plane. B. At the tailor’s. C. In a hospital. D. At a gas station. 2. A. 5:45. B. 6:45. C. 7:45. D. 8:45. 3. A. He didn’t know Caroline was in hospital. B. He took Caroline to the hospital. C. He forgot to call the woman. D. He slipped on the way to hospital. 4. A. To work in July. B. To print a form. C. To go back to school. D. To take a vacation. 5. A. He dropped his phone. B. He hates long-distance calls. C. His call got cut off. D. His mobile is too long. 6. A. They will meet Angela on the way. B. They will have an early start. C. Angela is usually a latecomer. D. Angela may not come tomorrow. 7. A. He is a person of generosity. B. He is in charge of the department. C. He is rather mean on money. D. He doesn’t get on well with colleagues. 8. A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Shop assistant and customer. D. Boss and employee. 9. A. There are several Jacks in his class. B. Jack’s personality has changed greatly. C. Jack had received training on debate. D. Jack was not likely to win the debate contest. 10. A. He was forced to go to the calligraphy exhibition. B. He found no interest in the calligraphy exhibition. C. He was poor at investing in exhibits of calligraphy. D. Watching soap operas is his favorite recreation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To encourage its people to retire later. B. To import more goods from abroad. C. To give its people additional social welfare. D. To change the long-held Western prejudice. 12. A. Small companies. B. Industrialists. C. Trade unions. D. Young people. 13. A. They know how to spend money. B. They are forced out of their class. C. The hold the same belief as the retired. D. They support their hardworking parents. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. There is a great difference between reading and listening. B. There are some effective ways to practice your reading skill. C. Highly educated and poorly educated people have different reading habits. D. The speed and efficiency of reading greatly depend on contents and purposes. 15. A. They move very fast through the text. B. They vary their speed when reading. C. They concentrate on the key words. D. They re-read the text at least twice. 16. A. Too slow for a difficult book though just right for a non-serious one. B. Too slow for a non-serious book but too fast for a difficult one. C. Too fast for difficult material though just right for a non-serious book. D. Too fast for a non-serious book as well as for a difficult one. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. In a studio. B. In a clothing store. C. At a fancy-dress ball. D. At a fashion show. 18. A. To stay for half a year. B. To live there for good. C. To find a better job to support herself. D. To sell leather goods for a British company. 19. A. Designing fashion items for several companies. B. Modeling for a world-famous Italian company. C. Working as an employee for Ferragamo. D. Serving as a sales agent for Burberry. 20. A. It has seen a steady decline in its profits. B. It has become much more competitive. C. It has lost many customers to foreign companies. D. It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad. 【答案】1-5 DBCDC 6-10 CCDDB 11-13 BBA 14-16 DAB 17-20 ABAB 听力原文录音文字稿 Listening Comprehension Section Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. M: Hurry up! Otherwise we would be late for the meeting. W: Oh no! The needle is on “Empty.” I thought the tank was half full! Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2. M: What time do you usually go home from work? W: Oh, I usually finish my work at 5:45 and spend an hour on the way. But if there’s a traffic jam, it will be 7:45. Last night, I got home very late at 8:45. Q: When does the woman usually get home from work? 3. W: No one told me that Caroline was in hospital. M: Sorry. I meant to give you a call when I found out but it slipped my mind. Q: What does the man mean? 4. M: Hey, I’d like to take some time off in July, when the kids are out of school. What shall I do? W: Oh, you’ve got to submit a form to Human Resources. Q: What is the man going to do in July? 5. M: Oh, no. The X-Mobile dropped my call again, right in the middle of the conversation! W: I hardly ever get dropped with Y-Mobile, and long-distance calls in Germany are free. Q: What is the man’s problem? 6. W: What time are we setting off on a mountain-climbing trip, Dad? M: At ten o’clock or so. Depends on what time Angela arrives. She’s usually behind schedule. Q: What do we know about Angela? 7. M: We have had two new employees coming from other offices. Do you know them? W: Yeah, John is the most generous guy in the company who often pays for others’ meals while Tony is exactly the opposite. Q: What does the woman think of Tony? 8. M: Mandy, I’m disappointed with your work lately. You’ve been late three times in the past month, and last week you gave shoes of a wrong size to a customer. W: Sorry, Mr. Jefferson. I promise to be more careful. Q: What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 9.W: Do you know that Jack of your class has won the school’s debate competition? M: Wait! Are we talking about the Jack who is always too quiet to be noticed in class? Q: What does the man mean? 10.W: I heard that you went to the calligraphy exhibition. How was it? M: To an art idiot like me, sitting at home watching a soap opera would be a better investment of time. Q: What does the man imply? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. Leisure is threatening Japanese traditions. As part of its attempt to increase imports, the government is trying to get people to work less and spend more （11） while workers are turning their back on the attempt. The figures support the Western prejudice that the Japanese are all work and no play. Trying to force workers away from their desks and machines, the government said last April that the country should cut down from its 2,100 hours average work year to 1,899 hours but some persuasion will be needed. Small companies are very angry about it and they fear competitors may not cut hours. The unions are no happier: they have even advertised in newspapers arguing their case against the foreign pressure that is forcing leisure upon them. They say that shorter hours are a disguised pay cut. The industrialists, who have no objection to the government’s plans, admit that shorter hours will help them cut costs.（12） Younger Japanese who are supposed to be acting against their hard-working parents, show no sign of wanting time off, either. But unlike older workers, they do spend money in their spare time.（13） Not content with watching television, they dance, dress up, sit in cafes, go to pop concerts and generally drive the leisure-industry boom. Now that they know how to consume, maybe the West can teach them to relax and enjoy themselves, too. Questions: 10. Why does the government want the Japanese to have more spare time? 11. Which group of people in Japan are in favor of the shorter-hour system? 12. What do we learn about the younger Japanese according to the passage? Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading.(14) Some proceed very slowly throughout; others dash along too quickly and then have to go back over what has already been read. Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to vary their manner of reading based on the type of reading material and according to their intentions in reading it. A good reader can move at great speed through the text of a novel or similar light reading matter (15). He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a general idea of what the text is about without really reading it. In reading more difficult material, with the intention of taking in the whole of it, he will proceed more slowly, but even then he will vary his pace, concentrating on the key words and passages, perhaps re-reading them several times and pass more quickly over the remainder. A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed whatever the material he reads.（16） Consequently, even light reading matter gives him little pleasure because he reads so slowly. But this pace may be too fast for really difficult material which requires special concentration at difficult points. Questions: 13. What idea does the speaker mainly want to convey? 14. How do good readers deal with light reading matter? 15. What is typical of inefficient readers in terms of reading speed? Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. M: Hello, and welcome to our program (17), Working Abroad. Our guest this evening is a Londoner, who lives and works in Italy. Her name’s Susan Hill. Susan, welcome to the program. You live in Florence. How long have you been living there? W: Since 1982. I had meant to stay for only six months but later decided to live there permanently.(18) M: Why did you change your mind? W: Well, I’m a designer, I design leather goods, mainly shoes, and handbags. Soon after I arrived in Florence, I got a job with one of Italy’s top fashion houses, Ferragamo. So, I decided to stay. M: How lucky! Do you still work for Ferragamo? W: No, I’ve been a freelance designer for quite a long time now.(19) Since 1988, in fact. M: So, does that mean you design for several different companies now? W: Yes, that’s right. I design many fashion items for a number of Italian companies, and during the last four years, I’ve also been designing for the British company Burberry’s. M: What have you been designing them? W: Mostly handbags, and small leather goods. M: How’s the fashion industry in Italy changed since 1982? W: Well, it’s become a lot more competitive,(20) because the quality of products from other countries has improved a lot. But its high quality and design is still world-famous. M: And do you ever think of returning to England? W: No, not really. Working in Italy is more interesting. I also love the Mediterranean sun and the Italian lifestyle. M: Well, thank you for talking to us, Susan. W: It was a pleasure. Questions: 16. Where does this conversation most probably take place? 17. What was the woman’s final decision when she went to Florence? 18. What has the woman been doing for a living since 1988? 19. What do we learn about the change in Italy’s fashion industry? ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$