Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦英语句子结构（简单句、并列句、主从复合句）及建议信写作核心知识点，先解析三类句子的定义、语法规则与分类（如简单句分陈述句等四类，并列句含并列连词用法，主从复合句含从句类型），再过渡到建议信的文体特点、写作结构（首段引题-中段提建议-尾段总结）及表达模板，构建“语法基础-应用写作”的学习支架。 资料以“概念解析-规则梳理-对点集训”为主线，语法部分通过实例对比助学生构建体系提升语言能力，建议信提供句式模板培养逻辑表达（思维品质），练习设计有梯度（单句填空、句子合并、语法填空）助力自主巩固（学习能力）。课中教师可依托结构化内容高效授课，课后学生能借范文和练习查漏补缺，强化知识应用。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills [对应学生用书P36] 简单句，并列句和主从复合句 一、基本概念 英语句子按结构可分为三类：简单句，并列句和主从复合句。 简而言之，简单句只有简单的主语、谓语、宾语，无过多修饰；并列句是两个完整的句子中间加并列连词；而主从复合句是用一个句子作另一个句子的一部分。 二、语法规则 1．简单句Simple Sentences 简单句是含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 (1)陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。有肯定句和否定句之分。 She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。 (2)疑问句：提出问题。主要有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句等四种。 Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ (3)祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令。 Sit down，please. 请坐。 (4)感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。 What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！ [对点集训1] 完成句子 ①The story sounds interesting． 那个故事听起来很有趣。 ②I didn't do morning exercises today. 我今天没做早操。 ③Can he speak five languages? 他会讲五种语言吗？ ④Let them go by train. 让他们坐火车去吧。 ⑤What an interesting story it is! 这是个多么有趣的故事啊！ 2．并列句Compound Sentences 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用分号。 The future is bright；the road is tortuous. 未来是光明的，道路是崎岖的。 (1)用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等，and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。 (2)表示在两者之间选择一个，常用的连接词有or，otherwise，or else，either...or...等，前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系。 (3)表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折，常用的连接词有but，yet，still，however等，前后分句时态一致。 (4)说明原因，用连接词for，前后分句时态一致。 (5)表示结果，用连接词so，前后分句时态一致。 [对点集训2] 完成句子 ①Her father is a doctor，and her mother is a writer． 她的爸爸是个外科医生，她的妈妈是个作家。 ②We love peace but we are not afraid of war． 我们热爱和平，但是我们不惧怕战争。 ③I was tired，so I went home early． 我累了，于是早早回家了。 ④You must be ill，for you look so pale． 你一定是病了，因为你的脸色如此苍白。 3．主从复合句Complex Sentences 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句都是复合句。 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 外国游客在游览长城时拍了很多照片。 [对点集训3] 将下列简单句改为复合句 (1)①Tom was born in America. ②Tom can speak English fluently. 合并：Tom was born in America and he can speak English fluently. (2)①It rained heavily. ②This brought flood to the region. 合并：It rained heavily and this brought flood to the region. (3)①Jack is a well-known scholar. ②He mentioned some social problems in his article. ③He was attacked by his opponents. 合并：Mentioning some social problems in his article，Jack，a well­known scholar，was attacked by his opponents. (4)①Shanghai is located in the east of China. ②Shanghai has a population of over 20 million. ③As the largest city in China and the center of commerce and finance，Shanghai is visited by thousands of tourists from all over the world. 合并：Located in the east of China and with a population of over 20 million，Shanghai，the largest city in China and the center of commerce and finance，is visited by thousands of tourists from all over the world. (5)①In the north of China，sandstorms often occur in spring. ②Sandstorms take a mass of sand and dust from the desert. ③Sandstorms will result in great damage to the environment. 合并：In the north of China，sandstorms often occur in spring，which take a mass of sand and dust from the desert，resulting in great damage to the environment. [对应学生用书P37] 建议信 一、文体特点 建议信(a letter of advice)是书信的一种形式，属于应用文。建议信是写信人向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告，有可能是写给个人，就收信人遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务等方面提出建议或忠告。 二、审题谋篇 建议信一般分为三部分： 首段：一般指明提建议的初衷。 中段：围绕问题，婉转地提出有针对性且具有说服性的建议。注意充分考虑对方的实际情况，表达时用语要得体。 尾段：简单予以希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助，同时阐明你所提供的建议仅供对方参考。 注意： 1．时态应以一般现在时为主。 2．由于是给别人提出建议，所以人称应该以第二人称为主。写作结构应遵循引子、正文、结束三部分的要求，应该目的明确，材料准确翔实，语言简练。 三、知识储备 1．建议信开头 You have asked me for my advice on...and I will try to make some suggestions.Thanks for trusting me.It's my great pleasure to give you some suggestions/advice/tips on... I'm sorry to hear/learn that....However，the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. I'm sorry (that)you are having trouble/difficulty/problems in....I think you can make it if you follow the advice below. I'd like to offer you some advice. 2．表达建议 I would like to suggest that... If I were you，I would... As far as I am concerned.../In my opinion... It seems better that... Why not...？It would be a good idea if... For one thing...，for another... In the first place/Firstly/First...Secondly/Second...Last but not least (最后但是同等重要的)... 3．建议信结尾 These are only my personal suggestions/tips.I hope you will find them useful/helpful. I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail. I'm willing to discuss this matter with you whenever... I will highly appreciate your consideration of my advice/suggestions/tips.I hope... 假定你是李华，最近你的英国笔友杰克刚刚转入一所新学校。由于他性格内向，不擅长交朋友，所以他感到非常孤独，写信向你求助。请你给他回一封电子邮件。 注意：1.词数80左右(开头语已为你写好，但不计入总词数)； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jack， I'm sorry to hear that you are lonely in a new school Yours， Li Hua [思路点拨] 一、审题定调 1．确定体裁：本文是应用文建议信； 2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第二人称； 3．确定时态：主要以一般现在时为主。 二、基本结构 开头：表明目的。 主体：具体建议内容。 结尾：希望有所帮助。 [词汇热身] 1．be sorry to很遗憾去做某事 2．offer you some advice给你提供一些建议 3．a new environment一个新环境 4．on campus在校园里 5．express your ideas表达你的想法 6．take an active part in积极参加 [主要句式] 1．And you find it hard to make friends because of your shyness. 你发现因为你的害羞你很难交到朋友。 2．I'd like to offer you some advice. 我想给你提供一些建议。 3．Greet your teachers and classmates when meeting them on campus. 在校园里遇到老师和同学要打招呼。 4．Often express your ideas in class and take an active part in class activities. 经常在课堂上发表你的看法，积极参与班级活动。 5．I believe you are sure to make new friends soon. 我相信你一定会很快交上新朋友。 [连句成篇] Dear Jack， I'm sorry to hear that you are lonely in a new school because you find it hard to make friends because of your shyness.Now I'd like to offer you some advice. First of all，it is normal for you to feel lonely because you are living now in a new environment.Second，you should greet your teachers and classmates when meeting them on campus.Third，it will be a good idea if you often express your ideas in class and take an active part in class activities.I believe you are sure to make new friends soon. I hope everything will be fine with you in the future. Yours， Li Hua 假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Ann最近因为父母工作的关系转到了新的班级，她在与朋友相处方面遇到了一些问题，因此向你寻求交到好朋友且维持友谊的方法。你的建议内容如下： 1．学会倾听； 2．有分歧时让步； 3．多陪伴。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：compromise 让步 Dear Ann， Yours sincerely， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear Ann， I am delighted to have received your letter.I'm sorry to know that you had some problems in making and maintaining new friends in a new class. One important thing to remember when trying to get along with others is to listen.Another thing is that you should compromise；when you don't agree with others，you should give up something to find a solution.Last but not least，keep in mind that it takes time and energy to build new and good relationship. I sincerely hope what I have suggested can be helpful for you.I am looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua [对应学生用书P40] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．HUNCH is designed(design)to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 2．Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 3．If anything harms the relationship，it is likely (like)to be real differences in their world-views. 4．Finally the detective received an award for his perfect performance(perform). 5．When we are at home，she keeps pressing(press)me to study all the time. 6．The people operating these factories are deeply concerned(concern)about the environment. 7．You also get expert(expert)advice on keeping your hair in good condition. 8．Women can exercise more to protect themselves from heart disease. 9．It's important to learn to write letters of advice(advise). 10．She asks my teachers how I'm doing at school whenever(when)she can. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．In my opinion，there is no point being upset about it. 在我看来，为这件事烦恼是没有意义的。 2．I wrote that song just to cheer myself up． 我写那首歌只是为了让自己振作起来。 3．It's a relief to get out of the office once in a while． 偶尔走出办公室去透透气也是一种调剂。 4．Please! Do be quiet a moment! 拜托！务必安静一下！ 5．My wife has been on my back for weeks to buy her a new car. 几星期以来，妻子老是缠着我为她买一辆新车。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure，named Glasshouse，is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1. (engineer)techniques are applied to create this protective 2. (function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel“sepals(萼片)”made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days 3. (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather，the structure stays 4. (close) to protect the plants. Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5. (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6. first time.These plants included modern Western 7. (favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see，too. The Glasshouse stands 8. a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯)the steps along the Silk Route 9. brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10. (rich) of gardening in England. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了英国“丝路花园”的整体设计以及其中新建成的玻璃温室。 1．解析　考查非谓语动词。空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用。此处表示“最新的工程技术”。故填动名词engineering。 答案　engineering 2．解析　考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被应用于创建这种兼具保护性和功能性且还美观的结构。空处与 protective 并列，修饰空后的名词structure，应用形容词形式，故填functional“实用的”。 答案　functional 3．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：在温暖的日子里，这些萼片会打开以给内部植物(提供)阳光和新鲜空气。空处所在句的谓语动词是 open，空处应用非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处表示目的，故填不定式to give。 答案　to give 4．解析　考查形容词。空前的stays 作系动词，表示“保持”，空处作表语，表示“关闭的”，故填形容词closed。 答案　closed 5．解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。本句描述了 the Silk Route Garden 的客观情况，时态用一般现在时；此处时态也可以根据下文中的“contains...guides...offers”判断；walk 在此作动词，表示“陪伴……走”，与主语 the Silk Route Garden之间为主谓关系；主语表示第三人称单数。故填walks。 答案　walks 6．解析　考查冠词。此处考查固定表达for the first time，意为“第一次”，故填the。 答案　the 7．解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词included 的宾语，前面的 modern Western 为定语，所以此处应填名词；根据空后的举例“such as rosemary，lavender and fennel”可知，空处表示复数概念。favourite在此处为可数名词，表示“特别喜爱的事物”。故填favourites。 答案　favourites 8．解析　考查介词。结合语境“该玻璃温室作为当代设计的伟大成就而存在”可知，空处需填as。故填as。 答案　as 9．解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语 the Silk Route，关系词在从句中作主语，故填 that/which。 答案　that/which 10．解析　考查名词。空处跟在定冠词 the 之后，且空后的 of gardening对空处进行限定，故填名词richness。 答案　richness 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$