Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P36] 英语的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、派生法和合成法；此外，还有缩略法。 一、转化法 转化法是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。 转化词 例词 动词→名词 walk v.行走→walk n.散步 swim v.游泳→swim n.游泳 名词→动词 表示 物体的 book n.书→book v.预订 ship n.船→ship v.用船运输 表示人 体部位的 hand n.手→hand v.递交 head n.头→head v.朝……方向 表示一 类人的 nurse n.护士→nurse v.护理 fool n.智力障碍者→fool v.愚弄 表示自 然现象的 rain n.雨→rain v.下雨 snow n.雪→snow v.下雪 形容词→动词 dry adj.干的→dry v.使变干 clean adj.干净的→clean v.把……擦干净 形容词→名词 white adj.白色的→white n.白人 native adj.本地的→native n.本地人 副词→动词 out adv.出来→out v.揭露 特殊转化 must v.必须→must n.必须做的事 [即时演练1]——写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和词义 (1)He soon calmed down.vi.平静下来 (2)The goods will be shipped to Shanghai.vt.用船运输 (3)Rescue workers tried to free him from the car.vt.解救 (4)The bag is so light.adj.轻的 (5)The little boy was eyeing the room anxiously.vt.注视 二、派生法 派生法是在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，而不引起词义的变化。 1．前缀构词法 前缀 含义 例词 dis- 不；否定 dissatisfy使不满意 dishonest不诚实的 un- 不 unable不能够 unlucky不幸的 做相反动作 undress脱衣服 unload卸货 in-/ im-/ ir-/il- 不；非 incorrect不正确的 impolite不礼貌的 irresponsible不负责任的 illegal非法的 non- 不；非 non-existent不存在的 non-stop不停地 mis- 错误的； 坏的 misunderstand误解 misfortune厄运 re- 重复；再 rewrite重写 retell复述 en- 使能够 enable使能够 enrich使丰富 encourage鼓励 super- 在上面； 超级 superstar巨星 supermarket超市 under- 在……之下 underground地下的 underestimate低估 inter- 相互；……之间 international国际的 interact相互作用 pre- 预先，在……之前 predict预告 preview预习 2.后缀构词法 分类 列举 举例 常见名 词后缀 -er/-or(从事……的人)， -ese(某地人)， -ess(雌性)， -ian(……的人)， -ist(专业人员)， -ism(主义)， -ment(性质；状态)， -ness(性质)， -tion/-ation(动作；过程)， -dom(状态；区域) teacher教师 Japanese 日本人 waitress 女服务员 musician音乐家 artist艺术家 optimism乐观主义 movement 运动 darkness黑暗 invention 发明 freedom 自由 常见动 词后缀 -en(多用于形容词后)， -fy(使……化)， -ize(使……成为) widen加宽 beautify 美化 realize 意识到 常见 形容 词后缀 -al, -able, -en, -ful, -ive， -less, -ly, -y， -ous, -some national民族的 reasonable 合理的 golden 金的 careful细心的 active有活力的 hopeless没有希望的，绝望的 friendly 友好的 lucky 幸运的 dangerous 危险的 troublesome 令人烦恼的 常见副 词后缀 -ly(用于形容词后表示方式或程度)， -ward(s)(表示方向) quickly迅速地 angrily 生气地 northward(s)朝北 upward(s)向上 常见数 词后缀 -teen, -th, -ty thirteen十三 fourth第四 [即时演练2]——根据提示给下面单词加上适当的词缀 (1)inform→information n.信息 (2)terrible→terribly adv.可怕地 (3)possible→impossible adj.不可能的 (4)likely→unlikely adj.不可能的 (5)important→importance n.重要性 (6)tradition→traditional adj.传统的 (7)attract→attractive adj.吸引人的 (8)short→shorten vt.缩短 (9)use→reuse vt.再利用 (10)honest→dishonest adj.不诚实的 三、合成法 合成词是由两个或更多的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成动词、合成副词、合成介词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起，也有的合成词之间用连字符“-”，还有的由分开的两个词构成。 分类 方法 举例 合成 名词 名词＋名词 bookmark 书签 wheelchair 轮椅 guidebook 指南，手册 名词＋动名词 handwriting 书法 Air-conditioning 空调 名词＋动词＋-er painkiller 止痛药 storyteller 讲故事的人 动词＋名词 typewriter 打字机 postmark 邮戳　 workshop 研讨会；车间 形容词＋名词 gentleman 绅士 greenhouse 温室 名词＋动词 handshake 握手 sunset 日落 介词＋名词 overweight 超重 by-product 副产品 副词＋动词 income 收入 output 产量，输出 动词＋副词 cleanup 打扫 closedown 停业 checkup 检查 合成形容词 名词＋形容词 lifelong 终身的，毕生的 snow-white 雪白的 名词＋动词-ing English-speaking 讲英语的 nature-loving 热爱自然的 heartbreaking 令人心碎的 breathtaking 激动人心的 名词＋动词-ed (过去式) man-made 人造的 heartbroken 悲伤的 custom-made 定制的 形容词＋动词 -ing good-looking 相貌好看的 easy-going 性格随和的 形容词＋动词 -ed(过去式) strong-minded 意志坚强的 electric-powered 电动的 white-painted 漆成白色的 副词＋动词-ed (过去式) well-educated 受过良好教育的 newly-made 新建的 well-known 著名的 副词＋动词-ing hard-working 勤劳的 介词＋名词/ 动词-ing underlying 含蓄的，潜在的 indoor室内的，户内的 动词-ed(过 去式)＋副词 built-in内置的，固有的 合成 动词 形容词＋动词 broadcast广播 whitewash粉刷 副/介词＋动词 overcome 战胜 overthrow 推翻 合成 副词 形容词＋名词 hotfoot 匆忙地 anyway 无论如何 形容词＋副词 everywhere 到处 somehow 不知何故 副词＋副词 however 无论如何 whole-heartedly 全心全意地 介词＋副词 forever 永远 介词＋名词 beforehand 预先 downstairs 在楼下 合成 介词 副词＋名词 inside 在……里 outside 在……外 介词＋副词 throughout 遍及 within 在……之内 副词＋介词 into 到……里 合成 代词 代词宾格＋self herself 她自己 himself 他自己 物主代词＋self myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 形容词＋名词 anything 任何东西 everything 一切东西 [温馨提示]　(1)由“可数名词＋介词(＋名词)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。 *father-in-law→fathers-in-law *passer-by→passers-by *looker-on→lookers-on (2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变复数。 *a woman teacher→women teachers *a man doctor→men doctors (3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。 *a girlfriend→girlfriends [即时演练3]——从下面两组单词中各选择一个单词合成一个新单词(每个单词限用一次) sun, free, worth, child, over, through, pan, down, space, world ship, way, come, light, hood, out, town, cake, wide, while (1)sun＋light→sunlight (2)free＋way→freeway (3)worth＋while→worthwhile (4)child＋hood→childhood (5)over＋come→overcome (6)through＋out→throughout (7)pan＋cake→pancake (8)down＋town→downtown (9)space＋ship→spaceship (10)world＋wide→worldwide 四、缩略法 缩略法是把词的音节加以省略或简化构成缩略词。 构成方式 例词 首字母 缩略法 IT—Information Technology VIP—Very Important Person 截头法 aeroplane/airplane—plane 去尾法 examination—exam photograph—photo 截头去尾法 prescription—script refrigerator—fridge [即时演练4]——写出下列词汇的缩略词 (1)influenza—flu 流行感冒 (2)laboratory—lab 实验室 (3)telephone—phone电话 (4)United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization—UNESCO 联合国教科文组织 [对应学生用书P40] [核心词汇·练透] come across 偶然发现，偶然遇到；被理解 come about 发生 come up 走近；(困难或问题)出现；被提及 come out 出版；出现 come up with 赶上；提出，想出(主意、解决方法、计划等) come true 实现 (教材原句)When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. 当你打开一本词典时，你经常会碰到许多不熟悉的词。 [练通]——用come短语完成下列句子/完成句子 (1)I wonder how it came about that she was two hours late on such a short trip. (2)Since the famous man writer won the Nobel Prize in 2014，many people have been eagerly waiting for his more new novels to come out． (3)A number of questions came up at the meeting, but the leaders could not come up with any proper answers. (4)最令我感动的是她总是在我遇到困难时伸出援手。 What moves me most is that she is always giving a helping hand when I come across difficulties．(续写佳句之情感描写) contact vt.联系，联络 n.联系，接触 (1)get in /make contact with... 与……取得联系(动作) keep in contact with... 与……保持联系(状态) lose contact with... 与……失去联系(动作) (2)be in contact with... 与……联系(状态) be out of contact with... 与……失去联系(状态) (教材原句)a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen 通过写信(传统上用钢笔写)来联系的一位朋友 [练通]——补全句子 (1)(2025·黑龙江双鸭山一中检测)Phones make it more convenient for people to make contact with (取得联系)relatives and friends. (2)I have kept in contact with/have been in contact with (保持联系)my best friend by telephone for many years. (3)I lost contact with (失去联系)my close friend ten years ago, that is, we have been out of contact with (失去联系)each other for 10 years. [温馨提示]　keep in contact with和be in/out of contact with表示状态，可和时间段连用；而make/get in/lose contact with表示动作，不能和时间段连用。 likely adj.可能的，可能发生的(→unlikely adj.不可能的) sb /sth be likely to do... 某人/某物可能会…… It is likely that... 很可能…… [练通]——一句多译 一个表达关爱的小小举动可能会融化人们内心的孤单。 ①It is likely that a small gesture of care will melt people's inner loneliness. ②A small gesture of care is likely to melt people's inner loneliness.(续写佳句之主旨升华) addition n.增加物，添加物；此外，除此之外(→additional adj.额外的，附加的) in addition(＝as well/besides) 副词短语，常放在句首，也可放在句中、句尾。 in addition to(＝as well as/besides/apart from) 介词短语，“除……之外”，后接名词或动名词。 (教材原句)Each year, many additions are made to English dictionaries. 每年，英语词典都会增加许多词条。 [练通]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 (1)In addition to ensuring(ensure)your physical health, morning exercise helps to improve your mental health. (2)Exercising in the morning provides additional(addition) benefits besides being physically healthy. (3)This garden has the best collection of native plants, and it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas. →This garden has the best collection of native plants; in addition/besides, it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas. [对应学生用书P42] Ⅰ.写出下列句中加黑词的词性及汉语意思 1．The doctor advised her to take more exercise.So, to keep fit, she exercises twice a day.n.运动；vi.运动，锻炼(身体) 2．I have a balanced diet and I don't have to diet to lose weight.n.日常饮食；vi.节食 3．He has tried his best to receive a better education in an attempt to better himself.adj.更好的； v.上进 4．He was ill for some day, and the nurse nursed him kindly.n.护士；v.护理 5．The room isn't clean and it needs a good clean.It is better to clean it every day.adj.干净的；n.打扫；v.打扫 Ⅱ.从方框中选择合适的合成词填空 long-lasting, newcomer, faraway, heart-to-heart, well-known, whitewash 1．I am going to whitewash my little house next Sunday. 2．The next time you're free, let's have a heart­to­heart talk. 3．I'm a newcomer here and would be glad to have your help. 4．The Great Wall of China is well­known both at home and abroad. 5．They have just returned from faraway places with wonderful stories to tell. Ⅲ.运用派生词完成下列句子 1．The information you gave us was incorrect(correct)，so we didn't find the museum and got lost on the way. 2．I am not saying you did badly in the English exam，but honestly (honest) you could do better. 3．On a stormy(storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home. 4．After Susan came back from Italy，she was happy to see the improvement (improve) in her son's behavior. 5．Martin was very helpful(help); we couldn't have finished the work on time without him. 6．Mr Lee said that the smiles and happiness(happy) of the children gave him great courage every day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$