Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦英语语言中词汇构成、固定搭配及语法结构的特殊现象，从“hamburger无ham”等生活实例切入，系统分析词汇矛盾（如shameless与shameful）、搭配差异（in the car与on the bus）及语法结构（neither...nor...倒装等），并通过词汇拓展（behavior→behave）、句型解析（have trouble doing sth）和练习题构建学习支架。 该资料以生活化情境激发兴趣，通过对比分析（hard与hardly反义关系）培养思维品质，结合词汇表、句型练习提升语言能力。课中教师可借实例引导探究，课后学生可利用词汇拓展和语法总结巩固知识，弥补盲点，体现对语言能力与思维品质的双重培养。

[对应学生用书P28] Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P28] Neither Pine① nor Apple in Pineapple② Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning③ English? [1]I hadn't, until one day my five­year­old son asked me whether there was ham④ in a hamburger. There isn't.This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant⑤ either.[2]Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple．[3]This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. [1]本句是“not...until...”句型。“I hadn't”是“I hadn't asked myself”的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语，whether在此意为“是否”。 [2]本句中的“neither...nor...”是并列连词，意为“既不……也不……”；此处否定词neither位于句首，故句子用倒装结构。 [3]本句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语；“got me thinking”是“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾补。 For example, in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick⑦ at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home.And speaking of⑧ home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing? If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless⑪ and shameful behaviors⑫the same? When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”．But when we see sunshine, we can't say “it's sunshining”． Even the smallest words can be confusing⑬.[4]When you see the capitalized⑭“WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？” What about “IT” and “US”？ You also have to wonder⑮ at the unique⑯ madness⑰ of a language in which a house can burn up⑱ as it burns down⑲， in which you fill in⑳ a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm㉑ is only heard once it goes off! [4]本句是主从复合句。“When you...report”是when引导的时间状语从句，过去分词capitalized在从句中作定语，修饰WHO。 English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects㉒ the creativity㉓ of the human race㉔.[5]That is why when the stars are out, they are visible㉕， but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up㉖ my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends. [5]本句中的“That is why...”为固定句型，意为“那就是……的原因”；此句型中why引导的是表语从句。 ①pine n.松树 ②pineapple n.菠萝 ③have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 ④ham n.火腿 ⑤eggplant n.茄子 ⑥sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑 sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品 ⑦seasick adj.晕船的 airsick adj.晕机的 carsick adj.晕车的 homesick adj.想家的 ⑧speaking of...讲起……，说到…… ⑨opposite n.对立的人(或物)；对立面adj.相反的；对面的 opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的 ⑩harmless adj.无害的；不会导致损伤的 harmful adj.有害的；导致损害的 ⑪shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 ⑫behavior n.举止，行为 ⑬confusing adj.令人困惑的(修饰事物) confused adj.困惑的(修饰人) ⑭capitalized adj.大写的 ⑮wonder v.感到诧异，非常惊讶；想知道 n.惊讶；奇迹 ⑯unique adj.独一无二的，独特的 ⑰madness n.疯狂；愚蠢行为 -ness是名词后缀，常用在形容词后，构成名词。 ⑱burn up烧毁，烧尽 ⑲burn down烧毁 ⑳fill in填写(表格等空白的内容) fill out填写(表格等完整的内容) ㉑alarm n.警报器；闹钟 ㉒reflect v.显示，反映 ㉓creativityn. 创造性，创造力 ㉔human race人类 ㉕visible adj.看得见的，可见的 ㉖wind up给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束；关闭 wind v.摇动(把手等)；给(机械)上发条 pineapple(菠萝)里既无pine(松树)亦无apple(苹果) 你是否曾经问过自己为什么人们常常在学习英语方面有困难？我一直没问过自己这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡)里是否有ham(火腿)。没有。这让我意识到eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(蛋)；pineapple(菠萝)里既无pine(松树)亦无apple(苹果)。这让我不禁思考，英语真是一门学起来疯狂的语言。 例如，在空闲时间我们可以sculpt a sculpture(雕刻一件雕塑品)，paint a painting(画一幅画)，但是要说take a photo(拍一张照片)。旅行时，我们说我们in the car(在小汽车里)或in the taxi(在出租车里)，但是要说on the train(在火车上)或on the bus(在公共汽车上)！旅游期间，我们可能会在海(sea)上晕船(seasick)、在空(air)中晕机(airsick)、在汽车(car)上晕车(carsick)，但回到家(home)时不会晕家(homesick的实际意思为“想家的”)。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务劳动)不是一回事呢？ 如果“hard(坚硬的)”是“soft(柔软的)”的反义词，那为什么“hardly(几乎不)”和“softly(柔软地)”却不是一对反义词呢？如果harmless actions(无害的行为)是harmful actions(有害的行为)的反义词，那为什么shameless behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？ 当我们向窗外看去，看到rain(雨)或snow(雪)时，我们可以说“it's raining(下雨了)”或“it's snowing(下雪了)”，但我们看到sunshine(阳光)时，我们不能说“it's sunshining(下阳光了)”。 即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。在医学报告中看到大写的“WHO(世界卫生组织)”时，你会将它理解为“Who's that？(那是谁)”中的“who(谁)”吗？那么“IT”和“US”呢？ 你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，一座房子burn down(烧毁)时，它就burn up(烧毁)了；你通过fill out(填写)一张表格来fill in(填写)它；闹钟只有在go off(有“发出巨响”之意，同时还有“离开；停止运转”之意)时才被听到！ 英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么星星out(出来)时，它们可以被看到，但是当灯out(熄灭)后，它们不能被看到。那也是为什么当我给手表wind up(上紧)发条时，它开始走，但是当我wind up(结束)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。 [对应学生用书P30] Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．title n.题目，标题 2．unique adj.独一无二的，独特的 3．alarm n.警报器；闹钟 拓展词汇 1．sculpt v.雕刻，雕塑→sculpture n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品 2．opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的→oppose v.反对，对抗→opposed adj.反对的 3．behavior n.举止，行为→behave v.表现，举止 4．confusing adj.令人困惑的→confuse v.使困惑 →confused adj.感到困惑的→confusion n.困惑，疑惑 5．reflect v.显示，反映；思考 →reflection n.反映；思考；反射 6．visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.看不见的；无形的 7．creativity n.创造性，创造力→creative adj.有创造性的，有创造力的→creation n.创造物，产物；创造→create vt.创造，创作；造成 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．in one's free time在某人的空闲时间 2．speaking of 说起；说到 3．wonder at 对……感到诧异 4．burn up烧毁，烧尽 5．burn down 烧毁 6．fill in/out 填充；填写 7．wind up 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．have trouble (in) doing sth做某事费力 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English(在学习英语方面有困难)? 2．neither...nor...既不……也不…… This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple(菠萝里既无松树亦无苹果). 3．get sb doing sth使某人开始做某事 This got me thinking(让我开始思考)how English can be a crazy language to learn. 4．That/This is why...那/这就是……的原因 That is why(那就是……的原因) when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. [对应学生用书P31] Ⅰ.What's the author's purpose to write the passage? A．To share the difficulty in learning different English words well. B．To show how interesting and creative the language of English is. C．To instruct how to spell difficult English words correctly. D．To analyze the reason for inventing the language of English. 答案　B Ⅱ.Read the passage and fill in the blanks. Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What made the author think English is a crazy language? A．His trouble in learning English. B．His son's question. C．The ham in a hamburger. D．The apple in pineapple. 2．What's the purpose of all the examples given in the text? A．To reflect the creativity of the human race. B．To prove the difficulty of learning English. C．To explain how to learn English. D．To introduce the history of English. 3．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Words always have the same meanings. B．Words can't always describe what we feel. C．Words sometimes confuse us. D．Words can have different meanings in different situations. 4．How does the author develop the text ? A．By stating arguments. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving examples. D．By providing research results. 答案　1—4 BADC 1．While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home. [句式分析] 本句中While和when分别引导两个时间状语从句，but为并列连词，连接两个分句。 [翻译]　 旅游期间，我们可能会在海(sea)上晕船(seasick)、在空(air)中晕机(airsick)、在汽车(car)上晕车(carsick)，但回到家(home)时不会晕家(homesick的实际意思为“想家的”)。 2．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off! [句式分析] 本句为三个并列的定语从句，修饰先行词a language；其中as引导时间状语从句，once引导时间状语从句。 [翻译]　你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，一座房子burn down(烧毁)时，它就burn up(烧毁)了；你通过fill out(填写)一张表格来fill in(填写)它；闹钟只有在go off(有“发出巨响”之意，同时还有“离开；停止运转”之意)时才被听到！ [对应学生用书P32] [核心词汇·练透] behavior n.举止；行为(→well-behaved adj. 表现好的→badly-behaved adj. 表现差的) behave well/badly to/towards sb　对某人表现良好/糟糕 behave oneself　守规矩，表现得体 (教材原句)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? 如果说harmless actions (无害行为)和harmful actions (有害行为)意思相反，为什么shameless behaviors (无耻行为)和shameful behaviors (可耻行为)反而是意思相近呢？ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and behave themselves (they). (2)Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior(behave), and correct bad habits. (3)令他们非常吃惊的是，汤姆表现得像个孩子，而艾丽斯却很负责任。 To their great surprise，Tom behaved like a child while Alice behaved in a very responsible way.(续写佳句之情感描写) confusing adj.令人困惑的；令人混淆的(→confuse vt.使迷惑；混淆→confusion n.混乱；困惑→confused adj.困惑的) (1)confuse...with/and... 　把……和……混淆 (2)in confusion　困惑地， 混乱地 (教材原句)Even the smallest words can be confusing. 即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Be careful not to confuse “abroad” with/and “aboard”．The two words are very similar. (2)We can conclude from his confused look that he gets confused about this confusing problem.(confuse) (3)了解到你对令人困惑的中国习俗感到困惑，我写信告诉你一些细节。 Learning that you are confused about the confusing Chinese customs，I am writing to inform you of some details.(应用文写作之告知信) [温馨提示]　v.-ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的，令人……的”；v.-ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face，look，expression，voice等时，常用v.-ed形式的形容词。 burn up烧毁，烧尽；消耗(体力、能量等) burn down　烧毁；全部焚毁；火势减弱 burn out　烧坏；燃尽；(人)筋疲力尽 burn to the ground　烧毁 (教材原句)You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down... 你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，一座房子burn down(烧毁)时，它就burn up(烧毁)了…… [练通]——单句语法填空/词汇升级 (1)The whole family was in panic because the fire burned up everything and the house was burned down． (2)The tower, which was completed just a month ago, was burned to the ground because of a big fire last night. (3)If you do not slow down and take a break, you'll be very tired very quickly. →If you do not slow down and take a break, you will burn (yourself)out very quickly. [温馨提示]　burn up与burn down意为“烧毁”时，前者注重结果，后者注重动作。 reflect v.显示，反映；反射(声或者光)；思考(→reflection n.反映，表现；倒影，影像；思考，反省) (1)reflect on/upon... 　仔细考虑/沉思/反省…… (2)on/upon reflection　经再三思考 (教材原句)English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)With the white walls reflecting(reflect) the light, the room looks warm and bright. (2)The way you dress yourself is a reflection(reflect) of your occupation(职业), background and personality. (3)白云映照在湖面上。坐在湖边，我思考着老师说的话。经过深思熟虑，我决定接受她的建议。 White clouds were reflected in the lake.Sitting by the lake, I was reflecting on what my teacher said．On reflection, I decided to accept her suggestion.(续写佳句之景色描写/心理描写) [重点句型·通关] have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事费力 “have trouble (in) doing sth”意为“做某事有困难，费力”，其中doing前面的in可以省略。其中trouble 为不可数名词，前面可用some，any，no，little等词来修饰。 表示“做某事有困难”的常见结构还有： have difficulty/problems (教材原句)Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 你是否曾经问过自己为什么人们常常在学习英语方面有困难？ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)You can't imagine what great difficulty we have ever had finding(find) the person you referred to in your letter. (2)Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently. (3)我的英文很好，所以我与外国人交流没有困难。 I have a good command of English, so I have no trouble/difficulty/problems (in) communicating with foreigners.(应用文佳句之申请信) That/This is why...那/这就是……的原因 (1) “That/This is why...”意为“那/这是……的原因”， 其中why引导表语从句，表示结果。 (2)It/This/That is/was because... 这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句， 表示原因) (3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语； that引导表语从句， 表示原因) (教材原句)That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 那就是为什么星星out(出来)时，它们可以被看到，但是当灯out(熄灭)后，它们不能被看到。 [练通]——一句多译 我今天下午有一个重要的会议要参加，这就是我不能和你一起去书店的原因。 ①I will have an important meeting to attend this afternoon，and this is why I can't go to the bookstore with you． ②I can't go to the bookstore with you, and this is because I will have an important meeting to attend this afternoon． ③The reason why I can't go to the bookstore with you is that I will have an important meeting to attend this afternoon.(应用文写作之道歉信) [对应学生用书P35] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．paint a painting画一幅画 2．take a photo拍照 3．get seasick/airsick/carsick/homesick晕船/晕机/晕车/思乡 4．in the air 在空中 5．at sea在海上 6．get back home回家 7．go off (警报、闹钟等)突然响起 8．human race 人类 9．give advice 给建议 10．when it comes to (doing)sth 说到(做)某事 11．used to be过去是 12．lead to致使；导致 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．Our English teacher told us to write a short composition with the title(标题) of “My most admired person”， giving a description of the person's achievements. 2．Children should be praised for their good behaviour(行为), which encourages them to do better. 3．That fashion differs from country to country may reflect(反映)the cultural differences from one aspect. 4．雨下得很大，那就是为什么他们推迟了比赛。 It rained heavily.That was why they put off the match． 5．他没有告诉我他在解决这个问题上的困难。 He didn't tell me what trouble he had working out the problem. [对应学生用书P35] 人物心理活动描写 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难，费力 2．make sb realize使某人意识到 3．get sb thinking让某人陷入思考 4．wonder at...对……感到吃惊 补充词汇 5．flash across one's mind某人脑海里闪过 6．form in one's mind在某人的脑海中形成 7．sth occurs to/hits/strikes sb某人突然意识到…… 8．give sb an inspiration给某人灵感 9．open a door for one's mind打开一扇心灵之门 10．be lost in thought陷入沉思 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学英语很困难？ 2．This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either. 这让我意识到，eggplant(茄子)里面也没有 egg(鸡蛋)。 3．This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. 这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？ 其他表达 4．An idea flashed across his mind. 他脑海里闪过一个念头。 5．An idea formed in his mind. 他脑海中有了一个主意。 6．An idea occurred to/hit/struck him. 他突然想到了一个主意。 7．She was lost in thought and heard little of what was being said around her. 她陷入沉思，几乎听不见周围在说些什么。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．他陷入沉思，不知道周围发生了什么。突然他想起他已错过了火车。 答案　Lost in thought, he didn't know what happened around him.All of a sudden, it occurred to him that he had missed the train. 2．昨天晚上，由于外面的噪声，我很难集中精力学习。于是我脑海中有了一个想法，我可以和老师谈谈这件事。 答案　Last night，I had trouble in focusing on my study with the noise going on outside.An idea then formed in my mind that I could talk to the teacher about it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$