专题05 真题体裁阅读微解 七选五 导学案-备考2026届高考英语历年阅读理解真题专题

专题05 真题体裁阅读微解—七选五阅读 第一章 解题技能微解 一、考情聚焦 2023年 新高考 体裁 主题内容 考点发布 I卷 说明文 自我原谅的方式 段尾设空1 段中设空4 II卷 说明文 如何开启艺术之旅 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空 1 全国卷 乙卷 说明文 室内植物的好处以及如何选择室内植物 段尾设空2 段中设空3 甲卷 说明文 如何成为一个更有耐心的人 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空 1 2022年 新高考 I卷 说明文 如何寻找健身伙伴 段尾设空1 段中设空4 II卷 说明文 写文章的技巧 段首设空1 段中设空4 全国卷 乙卷 说明文 五种维系异地友谊的方法 段首设空3 段中设空1 段尾设空 1 甲卷 说明文 外出就餐注意事项 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空 1 2021年 新高考 I卷 记叙文 体验巴黎当地生活 段首设空1 段中设空4 II卷 说明文 提高阅读速度的建议 段首设空1 段中设空2 段尾设空 2 全国卷 乙卷 说明文 在晚会上受关注的方法 段首设空2 段中设空2 段尾设空 1 甲卷 说明文 处理旧衣物的方法 段首设空1 段中设空4 二、命题规律及解题策略 1.命题规律 阅读理解第二节“七选五”主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。也就是说考生要在理解短文的主旨要义、理解短文的基本结构和理解短文中具体信息的基础上才能顺利解题。本题是对考生多项阅读理解能力的综合考查，要求高，难度大。 阅读理解“七选五”的题材比较多样，涉及方方面面，其体裁以说明文为首选，偶尔出现记叙文和议论文。“七选五”阅读理解的设空位置有以下三类：段首、段中和段尾。句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。段首空所要填的内容起概括主旨的作用、段中空所要填的内容起注释细节的作用、段尾空所要填的内容起归纳总结的作用。除此而外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：承上启下。 2.解题策略 ⑴略读文章抓大意 以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。 ⑵重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。 ⑶看看结构变轻松 在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。 ⑷词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。 ⑸代词逻辑亦管用 我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。 三、技能透视 1. 2步突破法 第一步：看位置⇨定类型 句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表： 挖空位置 逻辑关系 具体解读 段首题 主旨句 常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。 承上启下句 此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。 段中题 例证关系 前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。 转折关系 若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but, however, yet, or/otherwise, while/though/although, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。 因果关系 表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。 递进关系 若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what’s more, what’s worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ... but ..., not only ... but also等。 并列关系 表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。 段尾题 总结句 用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。 承上启下句 此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。 例1：(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.__37__We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】本题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难。设空处是总体评价，后面是详细描述。故选C。 第二步：由类型⇨定技法 ⑴主旨概括题 主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。 概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题： ①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句； ②段落标题。 解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。 例2. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)·__37__ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. A. hat’s what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not­so­great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【解析】本题考查段落主题句。本段主要介绍了应该提问什么样的问题，所提的问题要确保答案不能显而易见。本段内容围绕“questions”展开，故G项“提问题，并且要确保所提问题是经过深思熟虑的好问题”，符合语境。故选G。 ⑵语段过渡题 语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。 如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。 如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。 如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。 例3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill­cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.__36__ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37_C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】考查段落过渡句。根据空处上文“如果三年前有人告诉我，以后我的大部分周末时间都会露营，我会放声大笑。在我看来，露营者是喜欢让昆虫咬、吃不好吃的饭菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋。这些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这是一次具有开创性的露营。这次露营比较艰难。我们睡帐篷、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所。这次对大自然母亲的短暂造访让我请了两天假，要在皮肤严重灼伤后进行恢复，并且还要支付来自医生治疗我儿子食物中毒的账单”可知，两段之间有转折关系，所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句，D项“然而，从那时起我却学到了很多关于露营的知识”符合语境。故选D。 ⑶细节线索题 细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。 ①词汇复现法 复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。 例4：(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) ___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【解析】本题可用原词重复信息解题，根据本段中多次出现的“gift”可知，该段的主题应该是带礼物。B项“带礼物去乔迁聚会是传统”概括了本段内容。B项中的“gift”与下文多次出现的“gift”为原词复现。故选B。 ②代词重复信息 为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。如：it指代单数名词、不可数名词、句子；they指代复数名词；ones泛指复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。 例4：(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing (治愈). __38__ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery ... A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 分析：根据设空处后的“In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.”可知，在这些地方，病人在康复期间可以接近大自然。these places应指代设空处提到的地点，G项中的Healing Gardens为these places指代的地点，且Healing为上文中healing的复现，故G项符合语境。 ③派生重复信息 派生词，望文生义，就是由词根加词缀构成的词。派生重复信息就是这类词在句中的复现。 例5：(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)__40__ While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【解析】本题从两个角度分析：(1)下文中的“beneficial”与D项中的“benefit”属于同根词，属于派生词重复信息；(2)本段介绍了阳光的多种好处。D项中的“sunlight”与空格后的“sun’s rays”相呼应，符合逻辑通顺原则。故选D。 ④同义重复信息 这里的同义多指意义相同或相近的词、词组或句子。如：room与space。 例6：(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re­arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.__38__That’s a quarter­hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. A. Get a sleep specialist. B. Find the right motivation. C. A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm. E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake­up time, no matter the day. G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 【解析】本题可用两种方法解答：(1)空格后一句中的“a quarter­hour”和G项中的“15 minutes”属于同一范畴的同义信息，是信息提示词；(2)本题选项符合逻辑通顺原则。根据空后“如果你买了一台带有计时器的咖啡机，你可以多睡一刻钟”可知，G项“重新考虑你(是否要)在咖啡馆排队15分钟买咖啡”与下文为递进关系，符合语境，逻辑通顺。故选G。 5.反义重复信息 顾名思义，就是上下文中有互为相反词义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子。 例6：(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? __39__. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile. A. Message with emojis feel more conversational B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform 【解析】本题可以从两个方面进行考虑：(1)根据空格前一句“谁没有收到令人烦恼的邮件而毁掉一整天？”，及空格后“表情符号可以让交流感觉更友好”可知，此处需要一个句子来承上启下，要从逻辑上进行考虑。B项“即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会让人觉得冷冰冰、不友好”，承上启下，符合语境；(2)根据空格后的“friendlier”和B项中的“unfriendly”语义相反可知，空后是表情符号的优点，空处是没有表情符号的电子邮件的缺点。故选B。 2.位置解题法 ⑴设空在段首 思考点(一)　段落主题句　 当某段开头处设空时，通常要填的内容是该段的主题句，考生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索词，然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词。一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的。 例1：　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) ·__37__ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. A. That’s what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not­so­great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【解析】本题考查段落主题句。本段主要介绍了应该提问什么样的问题，所提的问题要确保答案不能显而易见。本段内容围绕“questions”展开，故G项“提问题，并且要确保所提问题是经过深思熟虑的好问题”，符合语境。故选G。 思考点(二)　承上启下句　 当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处有可能是承上启下句，这就要求考生既要熟悉上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，又要结合本段内容，使所选答案能够把两段内容进行无缝对接。 例2：(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) 37 B．It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. __38__ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39 A. This isn’t usual though. A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【解析】38题考查段落之间的衔接。前面段落所讲内容为带礼物，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。本空承接上文，也应与礼物相关，根据设空处后面的句子“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.”可知，空处所带的礼物应与食物相关，故选C。 ⑵设空在段尾 思考点(一)　总结句 当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，考生应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so, therefore, as a result, in short, in a word, all in all等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。 例3：(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) ·Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 A. Feeling upset again? B. Where do you start? C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self­acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others. G. When does the comparison game start? 【解析】39题考查段落总结句。由本段首句可知本段主题是“认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾对这些成绩做了一下总结：没有什么事情太小而不值得庆祝。故选C。 思考点(二)　段落过渡句 当设空在非尾段段末时，也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。 例4：(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill­cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37 C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】考查段落过渡句。根据空处上文“如果三年前有人告诉我，以后我的大部分周末时间都会露营，我会放声大笑。在我看来，露营者是喜欢让昆虫咬、吃不好吃的饭菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋。这些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这是一次具有开创性的露营。这次露营比较艰难。我们睡帐篷、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所。这次对大自然母亲的短暂造访让我请了两天假，要在皮肤严重灼伤后进行恢复，并且还要支付来自医生治疗我儿子食物中毒的账单”可知，两段之间有转折关系，所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句，D项“然而，从那时起我却学到了很多关于露营的知识”符合语境。故选D。 思考点(三)　补充信息句 段末设空还有可能是对前文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。 例5：(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) ·Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 A. That’s what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not­so­great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【解析】39题考查逻辑关系。本段主要讲的是“不要把个人信息和经历告诉教授，如果你需要延长最后期限，向教授解释处境即可”。C项“如果需要了解更多信息，他们会问你的”是对上文内容的补充说明，符合语境。故选C。 ⑶设空在段中 设空出现在段中，通常是承上启下的作用，需要看设空前后两句话，根据句子之间的逻辑关系确定答案。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查的逻辑关系：总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系7大关系。有时会出现下列衔接词语：first, second, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what’s more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing ...for another等。 思考点(一)　总分关系 例6：(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】37题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难。设空处是总体评价，后面是详细描述。故选C。 思考点(二)　解释关系 例7：(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump？” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 【解析】36题考查解释关系。设空处前一句的句意“动力和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”，设空处解释二者之间的关系“没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能去实现它”。故选G。 思考点(三)　例证关系 例8：(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【解析】37题考查例证关系。设空处前一句的句意为“有三种主要的密码术”。空后接着就给出一个例子“你可以通过拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。故选E。 思考点(四)　转折关系 例9：(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 36 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master. A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【解析】36题考查转折关系。设空处前一句的句意为“有些人天生就有公众演讲的天赋”。设空处后一句的句意为“你想成为一个好的公众演说家吗？”。根据逻辑判断，设空处应与前一句构成转折关系，故G项“然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练”符合语境。 思考点(五)　因果关系 例10：(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37 , encouraging better and more frequent communication. A. Message with emojis feel more conversational B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform 【解析】37题考查因果关系。根据下文“encouraging better and more frequent communication (鼓励更好、更频繁的沟通)”可知，设空处所填的句子是下文的原因。A项“使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更适合交谈”符合语境。故选A。 思考点(六)　递进关系 例11：(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 【解析】39题考查递进关系。根据上句“Remember that goals are flexible.(要记住目标是灵活的。)”可知，E项“目标可以根据情况做出改变”，承接上文，与上一句为递进关系。故选E。 思考点(七)　并列关系 例12：(2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 39 And like everything else in life, that takes practice.Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【解析】39题考查并列关系。由本段第一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”及空后一句“And ...takes practice.”可以锁定B选项为正确答案，它们之间构成并列关系。 3.衔接手段解题法 一篇好的文章都具有结构清晰、语意连贯、过渡自然等特点。高考英语“七选五”阅读材料无疑也具有以上特点，我们做题时需要从大框架和小细节分别进行分析，专题1中我们从大框架上讲解了如何根据文章结构解题，本文主要分析如何根据句子之间的逻辑连词、代词等小细节快速准确地选出正确答案。 ⑴代词 在谈话或者写作过程中，会用一些代词，来把前面内容所出现过的人或事物的名称进行替换，从而使得表达的信息更加简洁。在做七选五阅读理解时，巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以帮助我们快速做出正确的选择。代词指代要注意两情况，一是选项中的代词，二是设空后面句子中的代词。 解题流程： ①观看设空的前后句子，找出相应的代词。 ②第二步：查看选项，找出选项中相应的代名词。 ③对比语意的合理性，选出最佳答案。 题1： Kids’ health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed time to time. 1 C Some ways of dealing with stress —like screaming or hitting someone—don’t solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 2 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends" feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don"t forget about your friends. G. Then, find a way to calm down。 【解析】观看设空小题2前后的句子，发现后一句话出现了they，那么，可以推断此处的they指代了空格处这句话的某一个复数名词；对比选项发现，选项BCF中出现了复数名词：“your friends，friends’feelings和in different ways”。依据空格前句，判断they指代的对象有可能是“成人、父母、或其他亲戚谈话”，后一句话，即“他们或许有类似的问题”，由此发现they指代“一群人”的可能性较大；将F选项当中出现“your friends”与they替换后，即为your friends might have had similar problems，意为“你的朋友们或许有类似的问题，”代入后的句意比B中的 friends’feelings和C中的in different ways更加合理通顺，因此，判断出F为最佳选项。 ⑵逻辑衔接 一篇好的文章结构清晰、语意连贯、过渡自然，各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有并列、递进、转折、因果等关系，做七选五如果能厘清这些关系，会起到事半功倍的效果。常见的逻辑关系连词如下： ①表转折：but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等 ②表并列：First(ly),Second(ly),...；First, then/next,...；In the first place， in the second place...;for one thing,for another thing ,...；then /next ,finally/last 等。 ③表递进：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...but..., not only ...but also等 ④表因果：so /therefore, thus, consequently(结果）, as a result (of), so/ such ...that ..., so that ...等 ⑤表解释例证：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say 等 ⑥表归纳概括：in short, in brief, in summary, generally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。 例2：（2020全国卷III） A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【解析】上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。and表并列，说明设空36也要介绍party的目的，E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会，含义合适，并且有连词also呼应下句的and，形成上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。 第二章专题训练 第一节 个人成长与健康 Passage 1 (2025全国II卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? ___36___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___37___ ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. ___38___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● ___39___ Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___40___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【答案】36. B 37. G 38.E 39. C 40. F 【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处 【语篇导读】 文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。 【答案解析】 36.根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. (全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。 37.根据段落主题句“You’ll feel like you have more time. (你会觉得自己有更多时间)”及上文“Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. (志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。 38.根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. (华盛顿大学研究发现，55 岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。 39.根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect teen’s well-being in the years to come. (青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. (志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen’s well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。 40.根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn’t know about before. (你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。 Passage 2（2023新高考全国卷I）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____36____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____37____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____38____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____39____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____40____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. F 39. C 40. G 【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】自我原谅的方式 【语篇导读】本文主要说明了我们不应该因犯错而过分自责，鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并介绍了学会适度自我原谅的几种方式。 【答案解析】 36.根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 37.根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 38. 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 39.根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。 40.根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。 【词汇积累】 1.beat sb up痛打，狠揍，重伤（某人） 2. shine through 表现出来 【长难句析】 1.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.可能是你帮朋友做作业的时候，可能是你没有人要求的情况下熨衣服的时候，也可能是你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。 【分析】该句为复合句，句子的主干为“It might be the time”，其中or连接三个定语从句，分别是“when you helped a friend with their homework”，“when you did the ironing without being asked”和“when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day”。 2. That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.这样，你们就可以交流思想，看看是什么让你们每个人与众不同，以及你们个性中表现出来的方方面面。 【分析】该句为复合句，句子主干为“you could exchange thoughts on”，其中宾语从句“what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through”作为介词on的宾语。 Passage 3（2022全国新高考1卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39 You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F 【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】如何找到合适的健身搭档 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了如何找到合适的健身搭档的几种方法。 【答案解析】 36. 根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 37. 根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D “Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。 38. 根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won’t result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 39. 根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 40. 根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益— 你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 【词汇积累】 1. run an article 刊登了一篇文章； 熟义:v跑步，经营；生义:v发表;刊登 2. read 熟义:v.阅读; 生义: v. 写着:写成 3. work out in a gym 在健身房锻炼；work out 锻炼；计算出；想出 【长难句析】 1. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 你可能会想在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但这可能不会得到有用的回应。 【分析】本句是复合句，含有并列分句but it probably won’t result in a useful response，主句是You might think about posting，其后又有一个what 引导的宾语从句。 2. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.她的启事包括她想做什么样的训练，每周多少天，每节课想花多少小时，以及她的年龄，还列出了她喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。 【分析】本句为主从复合句。本句included后有三个并列的宾语从句，what引导宾语从句，she wanted to do 为省略关系代词that的定语从句，其后how and how均为并列的宾语从句。 Passage 4（2022浙1月江卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 36 Pick the most important. 37 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 38 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love. 39 You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Lighten up. The world won’t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. 40 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way. A. Speed up. B. Be an active learner. C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. 【答案】 36. F 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. G 【体裁】说明文 【题材】个人学习 【主题】如何充分利用时间 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了几种既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。 【答案解析】 36. 上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。 37. 根据段落标题“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“what is meaningful in your life”与标题中的“the most important”一致，下文是对“Make choices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。 38. 上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.(找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。 39. 空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能会认为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。 40. 下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“making lists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“The world won’t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence.(在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。 【词汇积累】 1. make the most/best of every day充分利用每一天 2. be based on 以…为基础 3. figure out 弄清楚；解决；想出 4. free you up for the most important 为你腾出时间做最重要的事 【长难句析】 1. I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了特别的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松。 【分析】本句含有but引导的并列，as you do为方式状语从句；that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed为定语从句，修饰先行词specific choice. 2. You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. 你可能会认为学习需要花费你更多的时间，但实际上总是有新的方法来做事情，可以节省你在日常任务上的时间，让你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。 【分析】本句是复合句，含有省略了that的宾语从句learning takes more time from you，but引导为并列句，其后又含有定语从句 that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important.为现在分词，做结果状语。 Passage 5（2021全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. 36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 37 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. 38 ? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 39 . And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. 40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G 【体裁】说明文 【题材】人际交往 【主题】如何在晚宴上表现的有趣 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。 【答案解析】 36. 根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。 37. 根据下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C项。 38. 根据下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，此处指出了一个问题的解决办法。由此推知，设空处提到了一个棘手的问题。F项“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办)”正是提出的问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。 39. 根据上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。 40. 根据上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞美主人)”可知，此处指出赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，设空处承上启下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”对主人进行了赞美。由此可知，宴会上出现尴尬的沉默时，最尴尬的就是主人，所以需要赞美主人来缓解尴尬。G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人)”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项 【词汇积累】 1. show up出现；到场 2. be faced with an awkward silence面对尴尬的沉默 【长难句析】 1. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. 所以最主要的事情就是去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人聊天。 【分析】本句的含非谓语动词，其中动词不定式to show up and be adventurous做表语，现在分词trying different foods and talking to strangers做伴随状语。 2.If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment. 如果你在晚宴上遇到尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家重新开始说话的就是赞美主人。 【分析】本句含有If引导的条件状语从句，主句是the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment，其中 that always gets everyone talking again为定语从句。 Passage 6（2021北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 36 The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． 37 However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting(分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain. Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 38 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health, there is speculation (推测) that it’s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 39 On the other hand，when the music slowed, the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． 40 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable. A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were. 【答案】36. F 37. B 38. D 39. G 40. E 【体裁】说明文 【题材】音乐与健康 【主题】音乐有益于健康 【语篇导读】本文主要讲的是音乐对人们心理及身体等方面的好处。 【答案解析】 36. 空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。 37. 空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。 38. 空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。 39. 空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。 40. 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。 【词汇积累】 1. benefit from music从音乐中受益 2. prior to going to bed 睡前 3. a whole range of other health issues一系列其他健康问题 【长难句析】 1. When it comes to heart health, there is speculation that it’s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. 说到心脏健康，有猜测(推测)，不是音乐的风格，而是节奏使它对心脏健康如此有益。 【分析】本句的not…but 意为“不是…而是”；that引导定语从句，先行词为the tempo. 2. But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for, which is what makes music so valuable．但是，打开收音机可能会对一系列其他健康问题有益，这也是音乐如此有价值的原因。 【分析】本句中which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整句话；后面的what引导表语从句，在从句中作主语。 Passage 7（2020新课标Ⅰ卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. ● 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world. ●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.” ●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 ●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? A. Feeling upset again? B. Where do you start? C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self-acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others. G. When does the comparison game start? 【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A 【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】学会自我接纳 【语篇导读】本文就如何做到自我接纳给出了一些小技巧。 【答案解析】 36. 根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。 37. 根据下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。 38. 根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。 39. 根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。)可知，选项C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文衔接最好，故选C项。 40. 结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可知，选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。 【词汇积累】 1. a handful of ways几种方法 2. be ashamed of our shortcomings为我们的缺点感到羞愧 【长难句析】 1. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 你发誓说的那些人在你退房去停车场很久之后还在排别的队。 【分析】本句含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词People，主句People got in other lines long；after引导的是时间状语从句。 2. Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. 这里有一些方法可以让你找到正确的方向。 【分析】本句的that will set you in the right direction为定语从句，修饰a handful of ways，其中that也可省略，或是in which. Passage 8（2020山东卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 36 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master. People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 37 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection. Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 38 Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 39 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 40 It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【答案】36. G 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D 【体裁】说明文 【题材】文化教育 【主题】公开演讲法则 【语篇导读】本文介绍了一名好的演讲者在公开演讲时需要掌握的一些原则。 【答案解析】 36. 本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。 37. 下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。 38. 本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项: 你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。 39. 本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker. 与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。 40. 下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。 【词汇积累】 1. at the expense of = at the cost of 以…为代价 2. on a consistent basis 在一致的基础上 3. apologize (to sb) for a minor slip为一个小失误向某人道歉 【长难句析】 Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. 然而，唯一在乎错误的人是说话的人。 【分析】本句含有两个who引导的定语从句，主句是the only one is the one 。 Passage 9（2020浙江6月卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 36 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself. A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 37 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 38 My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 39 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me. 40 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today. A. I wasn’t alone any longer. B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud. C. I was invited to play with another kid. D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books. E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors. F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things. G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me. 【答案】36. G 37. D 38. A 39. F 40. E 【体裁】记叙文 【题材】日常生活 【主题】习惯的养成 【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。 【答案解析】 36. 设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“My elder brother”，且G项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。故选G项。 37. 根据前句提到“我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”可知，D项“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和上句构成进一步说明。同时D项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。D项切题。故选D项。 38. 根据前句提到“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A项“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系。A项切题。故选A项。 39. 根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项“于是，我开始对制造东西产生了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。F项切题。故选F项。 40. 根据后句“无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知，E项“我很早养成的另一个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。E项切题。故选E项。 【词汇积累】 1. tease him about babysitting取笑他当保姆 2. turn out 结果是；制造；出席 【长难句析】 1. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 当我妈妈看到我的作品时，她告诉我我的设计是多么有创意。 【分析】本句含有When引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句how creative my designs were。 2. My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. 无论天气或季节如何，我的父母都要求他们的两个孩子出去玩。 【分析】本句 made it a point中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为to spend time outside,a point 为宾语补足语。 Passage 10（2019全国卷I）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 36 According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. 37 If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace. 40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D 【体裁】说明文 【题材】科普知识 【主题】呼吸新鲜空气有益于身心健康 【语篇导读】文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。 【答案解析】 36. 根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。 37. 根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。 38. 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。 39. 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。 40. 根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。 【长难句析】 1. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain. 如果你在户外运动，你的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑(肌肉)。 【分析】本句If you exercise out of doors为条件状语从句，allowing为现在分词短语做结果状语。 2.Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 在医院里，看到窗外有树枝的病人比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。 【分析】本句的who引导定语从句，are likely to为固定句型，意为：很有可能---。 Passage 11（2019全国卷II）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. 37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should your you’re your goals You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 38 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short- and long-term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it 【答案】36.G 37.B 38.A 39.E 40.C 【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】动力与目标的设定 【语篇导读】文章作者主要介绍了我们应该如何制定切实可行的目标，并在努力实现目标的过程中保持动力十足的一些方法。 【答案解析】 36. 上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。 37. 下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。 38. 上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。 39. 上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。 40. 上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。 【词汇积累】 1. stay undecided犹豫不决 2. stay motivated to achieve the goal保持实现目标的动力 3. be directly related to your commitment与你的承诺直接相关 【长难句析】 1. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short- and long-term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. 另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，牢记你的信念、价值观和优势。 【分析】本句中有一个简单句，主语为“Another way of setting realistic goal”, 谓语是is, to analyze…是动词不定式作表语；keeping是ing作状语。 2. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 例如，你可能想成为一名飞行员，但不能成为一名，因为你的视力不够好。 【分析】本句含有but并列分句but，because your eyesight is not good enough.为原因状语从句。 Passage 12（2018全国II卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37 Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long. A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer healthy food to fast food. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up! 【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. B 40. A 【体裁】说明文 【题材】健康与锻炼 【主题】晨间锻炼的好处 【语篇导读】这本文列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。 【答案详解】 36. 根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中then listen up!（那么请仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。 37. 根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒4-10个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。 38. 空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一整天都在燃烧的益处，F项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后句子是对F项的进一步延伸。故选F。 39. 此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。 40. 根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。 【词汇积累】 1. get a head start抢先一步 2. stick to healthy food choices坚持选择健康的食物 【长难句析】 1. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 锻炼能让你更加清醒，并准备好应对一天中摆在你面前的一切。 【分析】本句中Exercising是v-ing作主语，谓语动词用单数；句中的whatever引导宾语从句。 2. Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. 研究发现，早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。 【分析】本句中that引导宾语从句，第一个who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；第二个who也是引导定语从句，修饰先行词those. 第二节 社会文化与现象 Passage 1 (2024全国II卷）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___36___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ●___39___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___40___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. E 39. A 40. G 【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】“过度旅游”的现象 【语篇导读】本文介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 【答案详解】 36.前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，B选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 37.前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 38.前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。 39.空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 40.】 前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 2 (2024全国甲卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____ Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. ____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A 【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】如何节制饮食 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了，在饮食上注意节制及其如何节制的方法。 【答案详解】 16.上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在吃的少。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。 17.根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“不要在上班的路上急忙吃下一顿饭。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 18.上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 19.根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。 20.设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“全天合理饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 3（2023全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37 . Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39 . Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. G 【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】室内植物的好处以及如何选择植物 【语篇导读】研究表明，室内植物可以改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助提升记忆力来促进人们的健康；本文文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你应该如何选择有益的室内植物。 【答案详解】 36.根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 37.根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 38.根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 39.根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。 40.根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。 【词汇积累】 houseplant n[合成词]室内盆栽植物; fully grown adj完全长成的，长足了的; sit around无所事事; be ideally suited to doing sth非常适合做某事; lift sb’s mood使某人情绪好转，使某人心情变得轻松; back sth up证实某事 【长难句析】 1.Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping their memory.它们不仅看起来很漂亮，而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助记忆来促进人们的健康。 【分析】本句是notonly…but(also)连接的并列句。not only位于句首时，其所在的分句采用部分倒装。that引导宾语从句，从句中 by improving… 为方式状语。 Passage 4（2022全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 . ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) 38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · 39 Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone 40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【答案】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F 【体裁】说明文 【题材】人际交往 【主题】维持远距离友谊的方法 【语篇导读】本文介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。 【答案解析】 36. 上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。 37. 上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 38. 下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。 39. 分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。 40. 设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。 【词汇积累】 1. keep it in good health保持健康 2. be sensitive to… 对…敏感 3. keep track of sth 记录；追踪；与…保持联系 【长难句析】 1. Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。 【分析】本句是复合句，you have communicated with your friend about是省略了that的宾语从句，其中又含有由and连接的两个由how和what引起的宾语从句，做about的宾语。 2. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. 留下来的朋友需要对已经搬走的朋友所需要的额外时间保持敏感。 【分析】本句含有两个who引导的定语从句，先行词分别为The friend，句子主干是The friend needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands . Passage 5（2021新高考I卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway. The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18! In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency. You can tell this by cafés life French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 【答案】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A 【体裁】记叙文 【题材】个人经历 【主题】体验地道巴黎人的生活 【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。 【答案解析】 36. 上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。 37. 上文“The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。 38. 上文“... they eat great food and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国的食物质量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。 39. 第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因‘物价贵’。故选E项。 40. 根据上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。 【词汇积累】 1. a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries一把完全成熟的小草莓 2. take…seriously认真对待某事 3. strike a deal达成协议 【长难句析】 1. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. 那是我唯一掌握的法语短语，可惜我对它用处不大。 【分析】本句含有省略了that的定语从句I mastered； it’s a shame that为固定句型。 2. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 正如几周前有人在这篇论文中指出的那样，他们吃得很好，从不长胖。 【分析】本句含有非限制性定语从句As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago。 Passage 6（2021全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Swap, Don’t shop! You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 36 . It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time. A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 37 , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. ● 38 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home. ●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 39 . Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on. ●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 40 . And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party! A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap C. If two people are competing D. Just keep music playing throughout E. Donate whatever clothes are left over F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. G 39. F 40. D 【体裁】说明文 【题材】环境与自然 【主题】旧衣服交换 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了如何与朋友们通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。 【答案解析】 36. 根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you’re- maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。 37. 根据上文“Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。 38. 根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。 39. 根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。 40. 上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。 【长难句析】 get rid of your used clothes 【长难句析】 1. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. 在你的房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到东西的样子。 【分析】本句是复合句，so people can see是并列句，其后有一个宾语从句 how things look ; when they try them on为时间状语从句。 2. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on. 交换衣服的基本规则之一是每个人在拿衣服之前都必须试穿——当你穿上它们的时候，它们看起来总是不一样。 【分析】本句的that everyone must try on the clothes为表语从句，before they take them为时间状语从句，when you put them on.为时间状语从句。 Passage 7（2021浙江6月卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You’ve got mail…and it’s a postcard Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. 36 “I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it 37 ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo’s hunch（直觉）paid off. Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 38 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job. Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 39 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken. “Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 40 That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says. A. And that’s totally fine B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world. E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million. F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away. 【答案】36. G 37. A 38. E 39. F 40. B 【体裁】记叙文 【题材】科技与创新 【主题】网站postcrossing.com的创立 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了Paulo Magalhaes创建postcrossing.com的过程及其现状。Paulo Magalhaes非常喜欢明信片但是苦于身边没有与他志趣相投的人，于是他开始从网上寻求志同道合的人，因而创立了postcrossing.com。随着公司在全球不断壮大，语言成为沟通的主要障碍，后来英语被选为共同语言方便大家交流。 【答案解析】 36. 上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored image of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打$$ 专题05 真题体裁阅读微解—七选五阅读 第一章 解题技能微解 一、考情聚焦 2023年 新高考 体裁 主题内容 考点发布 I卷 说明文 自我原谅的方式 段尾设空1 段中设空4 II卷 说明文 如何开启艺术之旅 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空 1 全国卷 乙卷 说明文 室内植物的好处以及如何选择室内植物 段尾设空2 段中设空3 甲卷 说明文 如何成为一个更有耐心的人 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空 1 2022年 新高考 I卷 说明文 如何寻找健身伙伴 段尾设空1 段中设空4 II卷 说明文 写文章的技巧 段首设空1 段中设空4 全国卷 乙卷 说明文 五种维系异地友谊的方法 段首设空3 段中设空1 段尾设空 1 甲卷 说明文 外出就餐注意事项 段首设空1 段中设空3 段尾设空 1 2021年 新高考 I卷 记叙文 体验巴黎当地生活 段首设空1 段中设空4 II卷 说明文 提高阅读速度的建议 段首设空1 段中设空2 段尾设空 2 全国卷 乙卷 说明文 在晚会上受关注的方法 段首设空2 段中设空2 段尾设空 1 甲卷 说明文 处理旧衣物的方法 段首设空1 段中设空4 二、命题规律及解题策略 1.命题规律 阅读理解第二节“七选五”主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。也就是说考生要在理解短文的主旨要义、理解短文的基本结构和理解短文中具体信息的基础上才能顺利解题。本题是对考生多项阅读理解能力的综合考查，要求高，难度大。 阅读理解“七选五”的题材比较多样，涉及方方面面，其体裁以说明文为首选，偶尔出现记叙文和议论文。“七选五”阅读理解的设空位置有以下三类：段首、段中和段尾。句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。段首空所要填的内容起概括主旨的作用、段中空所要填的内容起注释细节的作用、段尾空所要填的内容起归纳总结的作用。除此而外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：承上启下。 2.解题策略 ⑴略读文章抓大意 以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。 ⑵重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。 ⑶看看结构变轻松 在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。 ⑷词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。 ⑸代词逻辑亦管用 我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。 三、技能透视 1. 2步突破法 第一步：看位置⇨定类型 句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表： 挖空位置 逻辑关系 具体解读 段首题 主旨句 常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。 承上启下句 此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。 段中题 例证关系 前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。 转折关系 若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but, however, yet, or/otherwise, while/though/although, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。 因果关系 表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。 递进关系 若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what’s more, what’s worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ... but ..., not only ... but also等。 并列关系 表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。 段尾题 总结句 用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。 承上启下句 此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。 例1：(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.__37__We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】本题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难。设空处是总体评价，后面是详细描述。故选C。 第二步：由类型⇨定技法 ⑴主旨概括题 主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。 概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题： ①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句； ②段落标题。 解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。 例2. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)·__37__ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. A. hat’s what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not­so­great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【解析】本题考查段落主题句。本段主要介绍了应该提问什么样的问题，所提的问题要确保答案不能显而易见。本段内容围绕“questions”展开，故G项“提问题，并且要确保所提问题是经过深思熟虑的好问题”，符合语境。故选G。 ⑵语段过渡题 语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。 如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。 如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。 如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。 例3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill­cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.__36__ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37_C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】考查段落过渡句。根据空处上文“如果三年前有人告诉我，以后我的大部分周末时间都会露营，我会放声大笑。在我看来，露营者是喜欢让昆虫咬、吃不好吃的饭菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋。这些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这是一次具有开创性的露营。这次露营比较艰难。我们睡帐篷、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所。这次对大自然母亲的短暂造访让我请了两天假，要在皮肤严重灼伤后进行恢复，并且还要支付来自医生治疗我儿子食物中毒的账单”可知，两段之间有转折关系，所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句，D项“然而，从那时起我却学到了很多关于露营的知识”符合语境。故选D。 ⑶细节线索题 细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。 ①词汇复现法 复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。 例4：(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) ___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【解析】本题可用原词重复信息解题，根据本段中多次出现的“gift”可知，该段的主题应该是带礼物。B项“带礼物去乔迁聚会是传统”概括了本段内容。B项中的“gift”与下文多次出现的“gift”为原词复现。故选B。 ②代词重复信息 为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。如：it指代单数名词、不可数名词、句子；they指代复数名词；ones泛指复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。 例4：(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing (治愈). __38__ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery ... A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 分析：根据设空处后的“In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.”可知，在这些地方，病人在康复期间可以接近大自然。these places应指代设空处提到的地点，G项中的Healing Gardens为these places指代的地点，且Healing为上文中healing的复现，故G项符合语境。 ③派生重复信息 派生词，望文生义，就是由词根加词缀构成的词。派生重复信息就是这类词在句中的复现。 例5：(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)__40__ While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【解析】本题从两个角度分析：(1)下文中的“beneficial”与D项中的“benefit”属于同根词，属于派生词重复信息；(2)本段介绍了阳光的多种好处。D项中的“sunlight”与空格后的“sun’s rays”相呼应，符合逻辑通顺原则。故选D。 ④同义重复信息 这里的同义多指意义相同或相近的词、词组或句子。如：room与space。 例6：(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re­arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.__38__That’s a quarter­hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. A. Get a sleep specialist. B. Find the right motivation. C. A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm. E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake­up time, no matter the day. G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 【解析】本题可用两种方法解答：(1)空格后一句中的“a quarter­hour”和G项中的“15 minutes”属于同一范畴的同义信息，是信息提示词；(2)本题选项符合逻辑通顺原则。根据空后“如果你买了一台带有计时器的咖啡机，你可以多睡一刻钟”可知，G项“重新考虑你(是否要)在咖啡馆排队15分钟买咖啡”与下文为递进关系，符合语境，逻辑通顺。故选G。 5.反义重复信息 顾名思义，就是上下文中有互为相反词义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子。 例6：(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? __39__. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile. A. Message with emojis feel more conversational B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform 【解析】本题可以从两个方面进行考虑：(1)根据空格前一句“谁没有收到令人烦恼的邮件而毁掉一整天？”，及空格后“表情符号可以让交流感觉更友好”可知，此处需要一个句子来承上启下，要从逻辑上进行考虑。B项“即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会让人觉得冷冰冰、不友好”，承上启下，符合语境；(2)根据空格后的“friendlier”和B项中的“unfriendly”语义相反可知，空后是表情符号的优点，空处是没有表情符号的电子邮件的缺点。故选B。 2.位置解题法 ⑴设空在段首 思考点(一)　段落主题句　 当某段开头处设空时，通常要填的内容是该段的主题句，考生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索词，然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词。一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的。 例1：　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) ·__37__ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. A. That’s what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not­so­great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【解析】本题考查段落主题句。本段主要介绍了应该提问什么样的问题，所提的问题要确保答案不能显而易见。本段内容围绕“questions”展开，故G项“提问题，并且要确保所提问题是经过深思熟虑的好问题”，符合语境。故选G。 思考点(二)　承上启下句　 当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处有可能是承上启下句，这就要求考生既要熟悉上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，又要结合本段内容，使所选答案能够把两段内容进行无缝对接。 例2：(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) 37 B．It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. __38__ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39 A. This isn’t usual though. A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【解析】38题考查段落之间的衔接。前面段落所讲内容为带礼物，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。本空承接上文，也应与礼物相关，根据设空处后面的句子“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.”可知，空处所带的礼物应与食物相关，故选C。 ⑵设空在段尾 思考点(一)　总结句 当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，考生应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so, therefore, as a result, in short, in a word, all in all等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。 例3：(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) ·Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 A. Feeling upset again? B. Where do you start? C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self­acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others. G. When does the comparison game start? 【解析】39题考查段落总结句。由本段首句可知本段主题是“认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾对这些成绩做了一下总结：没有什么事情太小而不值得庆祝。故选C。 思考点(二)　段落过渡句 当设空在非尾段段末时，也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。 例4：(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill­cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37 C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】考查段落过渡句。根据空处上文“如果三年前有人告诉我，以后我的大部分周末时间都会露营，我会放声大笑。在我看来，露营者是喜欢让昆虫咬、吃不好吃的饭菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋。这些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这是一次具有开创性的露营。这次露营比较艰难。我们睡帐篷、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所。这次对大自然母亲的短暂造访让我请了两天假，要在皮肤严重灼伤后进行恢复，并且还要支付来自医生治疗我儿子食物中毒的账单”可知，两段之间有转折关系，所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句，D项“然而，从那时起我却学到了很多关于露营的知识”符合语境。故选D。 思考点(三)　补充信息句 段末设空还有可能是对前文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。 例5：(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) ·Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 A. That’s what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not­so­great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【解析】39题考查逻辑关系。本段主要讲的是“不要把个人信息和经历告诉教授，如果你需要延长最后期限，向教授解释处境即可”。C项“如果需要了解更多信息，他们会问你的”是对上文内容的补充说明，符合语境。故选C。 ⑶设空在段中 设空出现在段中，通常是承上启下的作用，需要看设空前后两句话，根据句子之间的逻辑关系确定答案。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查的逻辑关系：总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系7大关系。有时会出现下列衔接词语：first, second, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what’s more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing ...for another等。 思考点(一)　总分关系 例6：(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】37题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难。设空处是总体评价，后面是详细描述。故选C。 思考点(二)　解释关系 例7：(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump？” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 【解析】36题考查解释关系。设空处前一句的句意“动力和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”，设空处解释二者之间的关系“没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能去实现它”。故选G。 思考点(三)　例证关系 例8：(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【解析】37题考查例证关系。设空处前一句的句意为“有三种主要的密码术”。空后接着就给出一个例子“你可以通过拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。故选E。 思考点(四)　转折关系 例9：(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 36 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master. A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【解析】36题考查转折关系。设空处前一句的句意为“有些人天生就有公众演讲的天赋”。设空处后一句的句意为“你想成为一个好的公众演说家吗？”。根据逻辑判断，设空处应与前一句构成转折关系，故G项“然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练”符合语境。 思考点(五)　因果关系 例10：(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37 , encouraging better and more frequent communication. A. Message with emojis feel more conversational B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform 【解析】37题考查因果关系。根据下文“encouraging better and more frequent communication (鼓励更好、更频繁的沟通)”可知，设空处所填的句子是下文的原因。A项“使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更适合交谈”符合语境。故选A。 思考点(六)　递进关系 例11：(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 【解析】39题考查递进关系。根据上句“Remember that goals are flexible.(要记住目标是灵活的。)”可知，E项“目标可以根据情况做出改变”，承接上文，与上一句为递进关系。故选E。 思考点(七)　并列关系 例12：(2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 39 And like everything else in life, that takes practice.Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 【解析】39题考查并列关系。由本段第一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”及空后一句“And ...takes practice.”可以锁定B选项为正确答案，它们之间构成并列关系。 3.衔接手段解题法 一篇好的文章都具有结构清晰、语意连贯、过渡自然等特点。高考英语“七选五”阅读材料无疑也具有以上特点，我们做题时需要从大框架和小细节分别进行分析，专题1中我们从大框架上讲解了如何根据文章结构解题，本文主要分析如何根据句子之间的逻辑连词、代词等小细节快速准确地选出正确答案。 ⑴代词 在谈话或者写作过程中，会用一些代词，来把前面内容所出现过的人或事物的名称进行替换，从而使得表达的信息更加简洁。在做七选五阅读理解时，巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以帮助我们快速做出正确的选择。代词指代要注意两情况，一是选项中的代词，二是设空后面句子中的代词。 解题流程： ①观看设空的前后句子，找出相应的代词。 ②第二步：查看选项，找出选项中相应的代名词。 ③对比语意的合理性，选出最佳答案。 题1： Kids’ health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed time to time. 1 C Some ways of dealing with stress —like screaming or hitting someone—don’t solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 2 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends" feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don"t forget about your friends. G. Then, find a way to calm down。 【解析】观看设空小题2前后的句子，发现后一句话出现了they，那么，可以推断此处的they指代了空格处这句话的某一个复数名词；对比选项发现，选项BCF中出现了复数名词：“your friends，friends’feelings和in different ways”。依据空格前句，判断they指代的对象有可能是“成人、父母、或其他亲戚谈话”，后一句话，即“他们或许有类似的问题”，由此发现they指代“一群人”的可能性较大；将F选项当中出现“your friends”与they替换后，即为your friends might have had similar problems，意为“你的朋友们或许有类似的问题，”代入后的句意比B中的 friends’feelings和C中的in different ways更加合理通顺，因此，判断出F为最佳选项。 ⑵逻辑衔接 一篇好的文章结构清晰、语意连贯、过渡自然，各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有并列、递进、转折、因果等关系，做七选五如果能厘清这些关系，会起到事半功倍的效果。常见的逻辑关系连词如下： ①表转折：but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等 ②表并列：First(ly),Second(ly),...；First, then/next,...；In the first place， in the second place...;for one thing,for another thing ,...；then /next ,finally/last 等。 ③表递进：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...but..., not only ...but also等 ④表因果：so /therefore, thus, consequently(结果）, as a result (of), so/ such ...that ..., so that ...等 ⑤表解释例证：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say 等 ⑥表归纳概括：in short, in brief, in summary, generally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。 例2：（2020全国卷III） A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 【解析】上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。and表并列，说明设空36也要介绍party的目的，E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会，含义合适，并且有连词also呼应下句的and，形成上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。 第二章专题训练 第一节 个人成长与健康 Passage 1 (2025全国II卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? ___36___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ___37___ ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. ___38___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● ___39___ Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. ___40___ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. Passage 2（2023新高考全国卷I）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____36____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____37____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____38____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____39____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____40____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it. F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. Passage 3（2022全国新高考1卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39 You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. Passage 4（2022浙1月江卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 36 Pick the most important. 37 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 38 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love. 39 You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Lighten up. The world won’t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. 40 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way. A. Speed up. B. Be an active learner. C. Stop trying to balance time between them all. D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. Passage 5（2021全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. 36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 37 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. 38 ? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 39 . And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）. 40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most Passage 6（2021北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 36 The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． 37 However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting(分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain. Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 38 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health, there is speculation (推测) that it’s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 39 On the other hand，when the music slowed, the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． 40 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable. A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were. Passage 7（2020新课标Ⅰ卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. ● 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world. ●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.” ●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 ●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? A. Feeling upset again? B. Where do you start? C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self-acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others. G. When does the comparison game start? Passage 8（2020山东卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 36 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master. People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 37 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection. Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 38 Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 39 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 40 It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. Passage 9（2020浙江6月卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 36 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself. A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 37 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 38 My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 39 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me. 40 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today. A. I wasn’t alone any longer. B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud. C. I was invited to play with another kid. D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books. E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors. F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things. G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me. Passage 10（2019全国卷I）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 36 According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. 37 If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace. 40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A. Fresh air cleans our lungs. B. So what are you waiting for? C. Being in nature refreshes us. D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care. G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. Passage 11（2019全国卷II）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. 37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should your you’re your goals You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 38 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short- and long-term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A. This can affect your work. B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it Passage 12（2018全国II卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37 Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long. A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer healthy food to fast food. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up! 第二节 社会文化与现象 Passage 1 (2024全国II卷）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___36___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ●___39___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___40___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. Passage 2 (2024全国甲卷）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, especially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____ Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. ____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A. Eat properly throughout the day. B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. Passage 3（2023全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37 . Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39 . Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40 ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A. All plants are different B. Not only do they look beautiful C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding Passage 4（2022全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 . ·More isn’t always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy (共情) 38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. · 39 Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone 40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A. Remember important dates B. Compensate by writing letters C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind Passage 5（2021新高考I卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway. The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18! In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency. You can tell this by cafés life French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. A. Not all the customers are tourists. B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. Passage 6（2021全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Swap, Don’t shop! You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 36 . It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time. A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. ●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. 37 , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. ● 38 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home. ●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 39 . Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on. ●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 40 . And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party! A. Less people than that B. Hold a clothing swap C. If two people are competing D. Just keep music playing throughout E. Donate whatever clothes are left over F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition Passage 7（2021浙江6月卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You’ve got mail…and it’s a postcard Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. 36 “I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it 37 ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo’s hunch（直觉）paid off. Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 38 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job. Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 39 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken. “Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 40 That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says. A. And that’s totally fine B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world. E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million. F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away. Passage 8（2020新课标Ⅱ卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 36 . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37 , encouraging better and more frequent communication. In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38 . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort. There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile. 40 and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture. A. Message with emojis feel more conversational B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E. Giving employees the tools enable them to communicate honestly F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform Passage 9（2020新课标Ⅲ卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents. 37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. 38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39 Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm. A. This isn’t usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. Passage 10（2020浙江1月卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Let’s take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty, we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water. 36 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer, we use energy and we need water to produce this energy. The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world. 37 That’s around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That's around 1, 400 children every day！Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. 38 Therefore, they don’t have time to learn how to read or write and don’t get an education. 39 On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water. 40 People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world. A. We use water indirectly too. B. Every system in our body depends on water to function. C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can’t go to school. E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？ F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water. G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles. Passage 11 (2019浙江卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. 36 At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool. After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. 37 They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year. 38 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. 39 The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one-night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. 40 A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time. C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s. D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come. E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles. F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day’s Night (1964)and Help！(1965). G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio. Passage 12 （2018全国卷III）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between. 36 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time. “I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 37 It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.” 38 “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 39 ” So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 40 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive." A. So why do we dance? B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere. C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America. D. My older students say it makes them feel young. E. I keep practicing even When I’m extremely tired. F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing. 第三节 生活思考与学习 Passage 1 (2025全国I卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and more. _____36_____ Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. _____37_____ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. _____38_____ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____39_____ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. _____40_____ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B. She has two children aged eight and four. C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup. E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles. F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. Passage 2 (2024全国I卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. Passage 3（2023北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____ When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____ Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. ____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organizations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A. Higher education has achieved its true potential. B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. Passage 4（2023新高考全国II卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___36___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. ·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___37___ ·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ·___39___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___40___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A Get out of your comfort zone. B. Make career plans and set goals. C. Don’t throw away your beginner art. D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. Passage 5 (2023浙江1月卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph. A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types. B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train. C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months. E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner. Passage 6（2023全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. ___36___. In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___37___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___38___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● ___39___. So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___40___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience Passage 7（2022新高考II卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 36 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 37 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 38 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 40 The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. Passage 8（2022全国甲卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36 . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 . Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 38 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests 39 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 40 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A. The more friends you make in your lifetime B. The more time you spend in any given country C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal Passage 9（2021新高考II卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 36 Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 37 38 Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run. If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. 39 A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page. Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. 40 Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don’t have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder. A. Stop to have a rest now and then. B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book. C. This depends on the type of book you are reading. D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed. E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance. F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy. Passage 10（2020北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 36 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. 37 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and hardships. 38 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 39 In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life. It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 40 Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health. A. It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual’s behavior and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. Passage 11（2019全国卷III）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance. Do’s • 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. • Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same. Don’ts • Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 • Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. A. That’s what they are for. B. Turn to an online instructor for help. C. If more information is needed, they will ask. D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E. Below are some common do's and don’ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. Passage 12 (2019北京卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 36 Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？ 37 They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions. 38 In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” 39 Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. 40 .An A-team may require a balance-not just A players, but a few generous B players as well. A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. Passage 13 (2018全国卷I)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Color is fundamental in-home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 . A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways Passage 14（2018浙江卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 36 Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. 37 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously, when going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. 38 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area. 39 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. 40 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate. A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up. F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly Passage 15（2018北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why Do We Get Angry? Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 36 Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 37 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 38 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. 39 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. 40 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. D. An$$