Unit 3 Make it happen! 动词不定式和动名词作宾语（单元核心语法精练）英语外研版2024八年级上册

Unit 3 Make it happen! 核心语法精练：动词不定式和动名词作宾语 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法选择 11 题型二 短文填空 13 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 动词不定式作宾语 （1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+to do” 结构）常见的有： learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing) continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing) 如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 （2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。 如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。 （3）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。 如：Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。 动名词作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语， 不能用不定式。常见的此类动词(词组)有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice, give up, suggest, consider, keep on, can't help(情不自禁)等。 如：I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 （2）作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语， 常要用动名词形式。如：think about, worry about, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 如：We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 其他带有动名词的常见结构： be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 spend time/money doing sth. 花时间/钱做某事　 have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun doing sth. 做某事有困难/乐趣 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式， 也可接动名词作宾语， 意义不变。如：begin, start, hate, like, love等。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时， 意义差别较大。如： forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事已做) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事已做) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(去做另一件事) 　　　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事(不做了) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on to do sth. 继续去做某事(继续做不同的事) 　 go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续) 如：Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ 一、单项选择 1．The students plan ________a farewell party next week. A．hold B．holds C．to hold D．holding 2．They ended up ________ when the teacher came in. A．talking B．talk C．to talk D．talked 3．Why not consider _________ Bashan Grand Canyon? The air is fresh and the forest is beautiful. A．visit B．to visit C．visiting 4．We have problems ________ speaking English. A．practiced B．practicing C．to practice D．practice 5．—Mr. Liu, I have some difficulty ______ the article. —Remember ______ it three or four times at least. A．to understand; reading B．understanding; reading C．understanding; to read D．to understand; to read 6．—I have a sore throat. Should I go to the doctor? —Well, I think you just need ________ some hot tea with honey. A．drank B．to drink C．to drinking D．drinking 7．—It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment of the park. —Yes. We should stop people from ________ litter everywhere. A．collecting B．throw C．throwing 8．The Internet makes it easier for us ________ with each other. A．stay in touch B．to stay in touch C．stayed in touch D．staying in touch 9．—Don’t forget ________ your homework, John. —OK. I’ll do it right now. A．doing B．do C．to do D．done 10．As a panda lover, Tom decided ________ to China for a trip this summer. A．come B．came C．coming D．to come 11．I really hope ________a good high school to get further education. A．enter B．entered C．entering D．to enter 12．I happened ________ my best friend in my childhood on my way home. A．to see B．seeing C．saw D．see 13．You can’t expect ________a foreign language in a few months. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learnt 14．—Now I am used to ________ lots of vegetables and fruit every day. —Me, too. It is good for our health. A．eat B．eating C．ate D．eats 15．—You should stop ________ a rest after reading for a long time. —But I can’t wait ________ the ending of the story. A．having; to know B．to have; to know C．having; knowing D．to have; knowing 16．The cartoon is so funny that I watch it again and again and every time I can’t help ________. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughed D．laughing 17．I spent five dollars _________ this book last week. A．in B．to buy C．buying 18．Would you like ________ me with my homework? A．helped B．help C．helping D．to help 19．—Some children in poor areas read a little because they can’t afford _______ books. —Quite right.  Let’s collect some second-hand ones for them. A．to buy B．buy C．buying 20．The film is worth _________. I want to see it for the second time. A．see B．seeing C．sees 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 21．Boys and girls, let’s start (clean) up the classroom! 22．The girl wants (keep) the phone in the locker. 23．He agreed (help) his grandma with the housework every day. 24．Alice is busy (search) for comments (评论) on Nezha 2 on the Internet. 25．Sometimes brothers or sisters will disagree with each other and begin (argue). 26．When I’m tired, I enjoy (read) on the sofa for a rest. 27．I find it hard (focus) on my study when I’m hungry. 28．Many students are afraid of (speak) in front of people. 29．If you want to keep healthy, please give up (smoke). 30．He promised (tell) me the truth, but he didn’t. 31．He doesn’t seem (work) out the problem. 32．Mike managed (save) the little girl from the big fire. What a brave young man! 33．Keep on (practise) and your English will be better. 34．His help makes it possible for me (learn) a foreign language well. 35．To stay healthy, you’d better avoid (eat) too much junk food. 36．Bethune showed people how (give) first aid. 37．Almost no one could refuse (watch) Ne Zha 2 because of its exciting plot and lively characters. 38．The girl is looking forward to __________ (receive) her mother’s advice on the new job. 39．Can you tell me what (do) next? 40．I can’t imagine (be) an astronaut in the future. 41．Last weekend we went (camp) by the river of my hometown. 42．John has made progress by (work) hard. 43．We should learn (respect) each other’s differences. 44．She came into the office with a poker face without (greet) anybody. 45．—Do you like (go) hiking? —No, I don’t. 题型一 语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Have you ever seen robots work in a restaurant? Have you eaten dishes made by robots? There is 1 AI restaurant in Changning district (长宁区) in Shanghai. The restaurant is not a big one but can serve more than 1, 000 dishes. There are no 2 in the restaurant, and all we can see are robots and electric machines. The robots in the restaurant work 3 cooks and waiters or waitresses, and they can work a long time without 4 a rest. That has improved the efficiency (效率) greatly. The restaurant has self-service (自助) food areas, online booking centers and 24-hour snack machines. This AI restaurant is popular because of 5 high quality (质量) and low price. So far, more than 10 thousand people 6 meals there. The food made by electric machines is as 7 as that made by real cooks. The robots can take your food to your seat 8 . The meat dishes cost only 8 yuan, and the vegetable dishes cost only 3.5 yuan. That’s 9 the AI restaurant is widely welcome in this district. And many people from other parts of Shanghai also go here for dinner. If you have a chance 10 in such a restaurant, don’t miss it. 1．A．a B．an C．\ 2．A．worker B．workers C．workers’ 3．A．as B．by C．for 4．A．have B．having C．to have 5．A．its B．it’s C．it 6．A．have B．had C．have had 7．A．well B．better C．good 8．A．correct B．incorrect C．correctly 9．A．because B．why C．when 10．A．to eat B．eating C．eat 题型二 短文填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每次仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 he difference about be if never useful often call  by  mean  ideas It’s reported that 23 children died from being left in a hot car last year. It caught a little boy’s eyes. 1 name is Evan Brown. He is a young inventor (发明者) who loves all things 2 science. Several months ago, there 3 a baby in his neighborhood who died after being left in a hot car. He made up his mind to do something. He came up with an idea to invent a special machine. He tried many times and finally he made a small but 4 machine. In the machine, there is an alarm. 5 a baby is left in the car, the alarm will go off. At the same time, the machine will blow cool air on the baby and and it will 6 the parents right away. Evan’s father also gave the small machine to a car company. It will get to the market soon. His dad is very proud of him. “My son is a good boy! He has a lot of great 7 . The machine is small but 8 a lot. We really need to stop these accidents because they happen too 9 .” “I realize that every kid could make a big 10 !” Evan says. He feels great to be able to make something that will really help people. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Make it happen! 核心语法精练：动词不定式和动名词作宾语 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法选择 11 题型二 短文填空 13 动词不定式和动名词作宾语 动词不定式作宾语 （1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+to do” 结构）常见的有： learn 学会 plan 计划 decide 决定 try 尽力 choose 选择 agree 同意 refuse 拒绝 pretend 假装 offer 主动 would like / want 想要 expect 期望 hope / wish 希望 promise 承诺 afford 负担得起 prefer 喜欢 help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing) continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing) 如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。 （2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。 如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。 （3）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。 如：Larry didn’t know how to tell her the bad news. 拉里不知道如何告诉她这个坏消息。 动名词作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语， 不能用不定式。常见的此类动词(词组)有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice, give up, suggest, consider, keep on, can't help(情不自禁)等。 如：I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 （2）作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语， 常要用动名词形式。如：think about, worry about, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 如：We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 其他带有动名词的常见结构： be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 spend time/money doing sth. 花时间/钱做某事　 have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun doing sth. 做某事有困难/乐趣 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式， 也可接动名词作宾语， 意义不变。如：begin, start, hate, like, love等。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时， 意义差别较大。如： forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事已做) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事已做) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(去做另一件事) 　　　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事(不做了) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on to do sth. 继续去做某事(继续做不同的事) 　go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续) 如：Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗？ 一、单项选择 1．The students plan ________a farewell party next week. A．hold B．holds C．to hold D．holding 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生们计划下周举办一场告别派对。 考查非谓语。plan to do sth“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 2．They ended up ________ when the teacher came in. A．talking B．talk C．to talk D．talked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当老师进来时，他们最终还是在聊天。 考查非谓语动词用法。end up doing sth.“最终以……结束/处于……状态”，固定搭配，故空处需动名词。故选A。 3．Why not consider _________ Bashan Grand Canyon? The air is fresh and the forest is beautiful. A．visit B．to visit C．visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为什么不考虑去巴山大峡谷游玩呢？那里空气清新，森林也很美。 考查动名词作宾语。visit参观，是动词原形；to visit参观，是动词不定式形式；visiting参观，是动名词形式。结合语境可知，“consider”是及物动词，后接动名词“visiting”作宾语，表示“考虑游览或参观”。故选C。 4．We have problems ________ speaking English. A．practiced B．practicing C．to practice D．practice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们练习说英语有困难。 考查动名词作宾语。have problems (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，固定搭配。故选B。 5．—Mr. Liu, I have some difficulty ______ the article. —Remember ______ it three or four times at least. A．to understand; reading B．understanding; reading C．understanding; to read D．to understand; to read 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——刘先生，我理解这篇文章有些困难。——记住至少读三到四遍。 考查非谓语动词。根据“have some difficulty”可知，是have difficulty (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”，空一处用动名词形式；根据“Remember ... it three or four times at least.”可知，此处是remember to do sth“记得要做某事”，空二处用不定式作宾语。故选C。 6．—I have a sore throat. Should I go to the doctor? —Well, I think you just need ________ some hot tea with honey. A．drank B．to drink C．to drinking D．drinking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我喉咙痛。我应该去看医生吗？——嗯，我觉得你只需要喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。 考查非谓语。need to do sth表示“需要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 7．—It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment of the park. —Yes. We should stop people from ________ litter everywhere. A．collecting B．throw C．throwing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——保护公园的环境是每个人的责任。——是的。我们应该阻止人们到处扔垃圾。 考查动词辨析。collecting收集，动名词；throw扔；throwing扔，动名词。根据“protect the environment of the park”和“We should stop people from ... litter everywhere.”可知，此处应指阻止人们到处扔垃圾，stop sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，此处要用throw的动名词形式。故选C。 8．The Internet makes it easier for us ________ with each other. A．stay in touch B．to stay in touch C．stayed in touch D．staying in touch 【答案】B 【详解】句意：因特网使我们彼此保持联系更容易。 考查动词不定式。根据“The Internet makes it easier for us...with each other.”可知此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，用来表述“做某事对某人来说是……的”，其结构为make+it+形容词+for sb+to do sth。故选B。 9．—Don’t forget ________ your homework, John. —OK. I’ll do it right now. A．doing B．do C．to do D．done 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——约翰，别忘了做你的作业。——好的，我马上就做。 考查非谓语。forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事（还没做）”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事（已经做了）”。根据“I’ll do it right now.”可知，作业还没做，应用forget to do sth。故选C。 10．As a panda lover, Tom decided ________ to China for a trip this summer. A．come B．came C．coming D．to come 【答案】D 【详解】句意：作为一个熊猫爱好者，汤姆决定今年夏天来中国旅行。 考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语。故选D。 11．I really hope ________a good high school to get further education. A．enter B．entered C．entering D．to enter 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我真的很希望进入一所好的高中接受进一步的教育。 考查非谓语。hope to do sth希望做某事，动词不定式作宾语。故选D。 12．I happened ________ my best friend in my childhood on my way home. A．to see B．seeing C．saw D．see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我在回家的路上碰巧遇见了我童年时最好的朋友。 考查非谓语动词。to see动词不定式；seeing动名词或现在分词形式；saw是see的过去式；see是动词原形。句中谓语动词为happened，意为“碰巧”，常用于句型happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”，因此这里应用动词不定式形式。故选A。 13．You can’t expect ________a foreign language in a few months. A．learn B．learning C．to learn D．learnt 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你不能指望在几个月内学会一门外语。 考查动词不定式。learn学习，动词原形；learning学习，动名词或现在分词形式；to learn去学习，动词不定式；learnt学习了，动词过去式或过去分词。根据“You can’t expect...a foreign language in a few months.”可知，句中“expect to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“期望做某事”，“expect”后需接动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 14．—Now I am used to ________ lots of vegetables and fruit every day. —Me, too. It is good for our health. A．eat B．eating C．ate D．eats 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——现在我习惯了每天吃大量的蔬菜和水果。——我也是。这对我们的健康有好处。     考查非谓语动词。be used to doing表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后面接动名词形式。故选B。 15．—You should stop ________ a rest after reading for a long time. —But I can’t wait ________ the ending of the story. A．having; to know B．to have; to know C．having; knowing D．to have; knowing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——长时间阅读后，你应该停下来休息一下。——但我迫不及待地想知道故事的结局。 考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事情；stop doing sth停止正在做的事；can’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事。第一空指停下来去休息，用to have，第二空是迫不及待想知道结局，用to know。故选B。 16．The cartoon is so funny that I watch it again and again and every time I can’t help ________. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughed D．laughing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：动画片真是太有趣了，我一次又一次地看它，每次我都不禁笑。 考查非谓语动词。根据“and every time I can’t help .…”可知，此处为固定短语can’t help doing sth“忍不住做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选D。 17．I spent five dollars _________ this book last week. A．in B．to buy C．buying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周我花了五美元买了这本书。 考查非谓语。根据“spent five dollars”可知，此处是短语spend...in doing sth的结构，介词in可以省略，故空处用doing形式，故选C。 18．Would you like ________ me with my homework? A．helped B．help C．helping D．to help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你愿意帮我做作业吗？ 考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.“想要做某事”，固定短语，此处应用to help。故选D。 19．—Some children in poor areas read a little because they can’t afford _______ books. —Quite right.  Let’s collect some second-hand ones for them. A．to buy B．buy C．buying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——贫困地区的一些孩子读书很少，因为他们买不起书。——完全正确。我们来为他们收集一些二手书吧。 考查非谓语动词。afford to do sth意为“有能力做某事、负担得起做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。故选A。 20．The film is worth _________. I want to see it for the second time. A．see B．seeing C．sees 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部电影值得一看。我想再看一次。 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing“值得做某事”是固定搭配，空处应是seeing。故选B。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 21．Boys and girls, let’s start (clean) up the classroom! 【答案】cleaning/to clean 【详解】句意：孩子们，让我们开始打扫教室吧！固定搭配start doing/to do sth表示“开始做某事”，故填cleaning/to clean。 22．The girl wants (keep) the phone in the locker. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：女孩想把手机放在储物柜里。根据want to do sth.“想要做某事”可知，此处应填不定式to keep。故填to keep。 23．He agreed (help) his grandma with the housework every day. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：他同意每天帮他的奶奶做家务。agree to do sth“同意做某事”，空处填动词不定式。help“帮助”，不定式为to help。故填to help。 24．Alice is busy (search) for comments (评论) on Nezha 2 on the Internet. 【答案】searching 【详解】句意：爱丽丝正忙着在网上搜索关于《哪吒2》的评论。根据“Alice is busy...”可知，此处是“be busy doing sth.”结构，表示“忙于做某事”，所以search要用其动名词形式searching。故填searching。 25．Sometimes brothers or sisters will disagree with each other and begin (argue). 【答案】to argue/arguing 【详解】句意：有时兄弟姐妹会彼此意见不合，并开始争吵。根据语法规则，begin后接动词时，有两种形式：begin to do sth.或begin doing sth.，均表示“开始做某事”。因此to argue或arguing均符合语境。故填to argue/arguing。 26．When I’m tired, I enjoy (read) on the sofa for a rest. 【答案】reading 【详解】句意：当我累的时候，我喜欢在沙发上看书休息。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里需用动词read“阅读”的动名词形式reading。故填reading。 27．I find it hard (focus) on my study when I’m hungry. 【答案】to focus 【详解】句意：我发现饿的时候很难集中精力学习。it是形式宾语，应用动词不定式作真正宾语。find it adj to do sth“发现做某事是……的”。故填to focus。 28．Many students are afraid of (speak) in front of people. 【答案】speaking 【详解】句意：许多学生害怕在人们面前讲话。be afraid of doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“害怕做某事”；speak的动名词形式是speaking。故填speaking。 29．If you want to keep healthy, please give up (smoke). 【答案】smoking 【详解】句意：如果你想要保持健康，请戒烟。give up doing sth.“放弃做某事”，固定搭配。smoke的动名词形式为smoking。故填smoking。 30．He promised (tell) me the truth, but he didn’t. 【答案】to tell 【详解】句意：他承诺告诉我真相，但他没有做到。promise to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“承诺做某事；答应做某事”，此处需要用动词不定式形式。故填to tell。 31．He doesn’t seem (work) out the problem. 【答案】to work 【详解】句意：他似乎没有解决这个问题。seem to do sth“似乎要做某事”，空处用不定式结构。故填to work。 32．Mike managed (save) the little girl from the big fire. What a brave young man! 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：Mike设法从大火中救出了小女孩。真是个勇敢的年轻人！manage to do sth“设法做成某事”，空处用不定式作宾语。故填to save。 33．Keep on (practise) and your English will be better. 【答案】practising 【详解】句意：坚持练习，你的英语会更好。keep on doing是固定搭配，表示“持续做某事”。故填practising。 34．His help makes it possible for me (learn) a foreign language well. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：他的帮助使我能够很好地学习一门外语。此处是“make it possible for sb. to do sth.”结构，表示“使某人能够做某事”。其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。故填to learn。 35．To stay healthy, you’d better avoid (eat) too much junk food. 【答案】eating 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你最好避免吃太多垃圾食品。avoid doing sth“避免做某事”，可知填动名词。故填eating。 36．Bethune showed people how (give) first aid. 【答案】to give 【详解】句意：白求恩向人们展示如何进行急救。根据“how”结合提示词可知，疑问词后应用动词不定式。故填to give。 37．Almost no one could refuse (watch) Ne Zha 2 because of its exciting plot and lively characters. 【答案】to watch 【详解】句意：几乎没有人能拒绝观看《哪吒2》，因为其精彩的剧情和生动的角色。动词“refuse”后需接不定式（to do）作宾语，固定搭配为refuse to do sth.表示“拒绝做某事”，表示拒绝的具体动作。故填to watch。 38．The girl is looking forward to __________ (receive) her mother’s advice on the new job. 【答案】receiving 【详解】短语look forward to盼望。其中to为介词，后面接名词或者动名词，故填receiving。 39．Can you tell me what (do) next? 【答案】to do 【详解】句意：你能告诉我接下来做什么吗？根据“Can you tell me what ... (do) next?”以及所给单词提示可知，此处使用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，空处需用动词不定式形式。故填to do。 40．I can’t imagine (be) an astronaut in the future. 【答案】being 【详解】句意：我无法想象未来成为一名宇航员。imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里应用动名词形式being。故填being。 41．Last weekend we went (camp) by the river of my hometown. 【答案】camping 【详解】句意：上周末我们去我家乡的河边露营了。“go + 动名词”表示从事某项活动，go camping意为“去露营”，此处需要用camp的动名词形式camping。故填camping。 42．John has made progress by (work) hard. 【答案】working 【详解】句意：约翰通过努力工作取得了进步。介词by后跟动名词作宾语，work的动名词是working。故填working。 43．We should learn (respect) each other’s differences. 【答案】to respect 【详解】句意：我们应该学会尊重彼此的差异。learn to do sth.“学会做某事”，是固定搭配，应填to respect。故填to respect。 44．She came into the office with a poker face without (greet) anybody. 【答案】greeting 【详解】句意：她面无表情地走进办公室，没有和任何人打招呼。without为介词，后加动名词作宾语，greet的动名词为greeting。故填greeting。 45．—Do you like (go) hiking? —No, I don’t. 【答案】going/to go 【详解】句意：——你喜欢去远足吗？——不，我不喜欢。“like doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“喜欢做某事（习惯或爱好）”；“like to do sth.”表示“喜欢做某事”，侧重于偶尔的喜好或一次性的行为，也符合语境。故填going/to go。 题型一 语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Have you ever seen robots work in a restaurant? Have you eaten dishes made by robots? There is 1 AI restaurant in Changning district (长宁区) in Shanghai. The restaurant is not a big one but can serve more than 1, 000 dishes. There are no 2 in the restaurant, and all we can see are robots and electric machines. The robots in the restaurant work 3 cooks and waiters or waitresses, and they can work a long time without 4 a rest. That has improved the efficiency (效率) greatly. The restaurant has self-service (自助) food areas, online booking centers and 24-hour snack machines. This AI restaurant is popular because of 5 high quality (质量) and low price. So far, more than 10 thousand people 6 meals there. The food made by electric machines is as 7 as that made by real cooks. The robots can take your food to your seat 8 . The meat dishes cost only 8 yuan, and the vegetable dishes cost only 3.5 yuan. That’s 9 the AI restaurant is widely welcome in this district. And many people from other parts of Shanghai also go here for dinner. If you have a chance 10 in such a restaurant, don’t miss it. 1．A．a B．an C．\ 2．A．worker B．workers C．workers’ 3．A．as B．by C．for 4．A．have B．having C．to have 5．A．its B．it’s C．it 6．A．have B．had C．have had 7．A．well B．better C．good 8．A．correct B．incorrect C．correctly 9．A．because B．why C．when 10．A．to eat B．eating C．eat 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一家人工智能饭店。 1．句意：在上海长宁区有一家AI餐厅。 a用于辅音音素前；an用于元音音素前；\零冠词。根据“AI restaurant”可知，AI是元音音素开头，an符合句意，故选B。 2．句意：餐馆里没有工人，我们所能看到的都是机器人和电动机器。 worker工人，单数；workers工人，复数；workers’工人们的。根据“There are”可知，需要名词复数，故选B。 3．句意：餐馆里的机器人担任厨师和服务员，他们可以长时间工作而不休息。 as作为；by通过；for为了。根据“cooks and waiters or waitresses”可知，机器人担任厨师和服务员，work as符合句意，故选A。 4．句意：餐馆里的机器人担任厨师和服务员，他们可以长时间工作而不休息。 have动词原形；having动名词；to have动词不定式。根据“without”可知，需要动名词，故选B。 5．句意：这家人工智能餐厅因物美价廉而广受欢迎。 its它的；it’s它是；it它。根据“high quality”可知，形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故选A。 6．句意：到目前为止，已有超过1万人在那里吃过饭。 have有，动词原形；had有，过去式；have had有，现在完成时。根据“So far”可知，时态是现在完成时，故选C。 7．句意：电动机器做的食物和真正厨师做的一样好吃。 well好地，副词；better更好的，比较级；good好的，原级。根据“is as...as”可知，形容词作表语，且用原级，故选C。 8．句意：机器人可以正确地把食物送到你的座位上。 correct正确的，形容词；incorrect不正确的，形容词；correctly正确地，副词。根据“take your food to your seat”可知，副词修饰动词，故选C。 9．句意：这就是为什么AI餐厅在这个地区广受欢迎的原因。 because因为；why为什么；when当……时。根据“the AI restaurant is widely welcome in this district”可知，讲述原因，故选B。 10．句意：如果你有机会在这样的餐馆吃饭，千万不要错过。 to eat吃，动词不定式；eating吃，动名词；eat吃，动词原形。have a chance to do sth“有机会做某事”，故选A。 题型二 短文填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每次仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 he difference about be if never useful often call  by  mean  ideas It’s reported that 23 children died from being left in a hot car last year. It caught a little boy’s eyes. 1 name is Evan Brown. He is a young inventor (发明者) who loves all things 2 science. Several months ago, there 3 a baby in his neighborhood who died after being left in a hot car. He made up his mind to do something. He came up with an idea to invent a special machine. He tried many times and finally he made a small but 4 machine. In the machine, there is an alarm. 5 a baby is left in the car, the alarm will go off. At the same time, the machine will blow cool air on the baby and and it will 6 the parents right away. Evan’s father also gave the small machine to a car company. It will get to the market soon. His dad is very proud of him. “My son is a good boy! He has a lot of great 7 . The machine is small but 8 a lot. We really need to stop these accidents because they happen too 9 .” “I realize that every kid could make a big 10 !” Evan says. He feels great to be able to make something that will really help people. 【答案】 1．His 2．about 3．was 4．useful 5．If 6．call 7．ideas 8．means 9．often 10．difference 【导语】本文主要介绍了年轻的Evan Brown发明了一种机器，用于避免小孩热死于车内的悲剧的发生。 1．句意：他的名字叫Evan Brown。根据“It caught a little boy’s eyes.”可知，空处指“他的”，需形容词性物主代词his，修饰名词name。故填His。 2．句意：他是一位热爱一切科学事物的年轻发明家。根据“all things...science.”可知，空处指“有关”科学的一切事物，需介词about。故填about。 3．句意：几个月前，他家附近有一名婴儿被留在热车里后死亡。根据“Several months ago, there...a baby”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，a baby为名词单数，there be句型中的be动词需用was。故填was。 4．句意：他尝试了很多次，终于做出了一台小而有用的机器。根据“In the machine...left in the car, the alarm will go off. At the same time, the machine will blow cool air on the baby and and it will...the parents right away. ”可知，介绍了这个机器的功能，故空处指“有用的”，useful为形容词，修饰名词machine。故填useful。 5．句意：如果一个婴儿留在车内，车里的警报器就会响起。根据空前后关系可知，空处需If“如果”来引导条件状语从句。故填If。 6．句意：同时，机器会向宝宝吹冷风，并且它将立马给父母打电话。根据“it will...the parents right away.”及备选词可知，空处指“打电话”给父母。call“打电话”为动词，will后动词原形。故填call。 7．句意：他有很多很棒的主意。根据“He has a lot of great...”及备选词可知，空处指“主意”，idea为可数名词，a lot of后跟可数名词复数。故填ideas。 8．句意：这个机器很小，但意义很多。根据上文内容可知，他发明这个机器目的是想避免出现这类事故，故这个机器的发明意义很多。故备选词“mean”符合，应陈述的是事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为The machine，谓语动词mean需三单形式。故填means。 9．句意：我们确实需要阻止这些事故，因为它们经常发生。根据“We really need to stop these accidents because they happen too...”及备选词可知，因为事故“频繁”发生，所以我们需要阻止。备选词“often”符合。故填often。 10．句意：我意识到每个孩子都可以取得巨大成就。根据“make a big...”及备选词可知，空处指“差别”，备选词“difference”符合，其为可数名词，冠词a后跟可数名词单数。故填difference。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$