Unit 2 Safety （单元测试·提升卷）英语北师大版2024八年级上册

2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试 Unit2·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一．单项选择（12分） 1.Being on time is important. ______ late for anything all the time. A.Don't be　 B.Not be C.Not to be　　 D.Not being 2.Many students didn't ______ the importance of study until they left school. A.use　　　　 B.provide C.compare　　　 D.realise 3.—Mum, can I have some fried chicken? —You'd better not. You ______ eat some healthier food. A.needn't　　　　 B.mustn't C.may　　　　 D.should 4.Tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, was discovered ______ in China. A.by hand　　　 B.by mistake C.by accident　　 D.by means of 5.This old story tells us to be honest and never to ______ anyone. A.lead　　　　 B.cheat　　　　 C.excite　　　　 D.protect 6.Everyone should learn how to act ______ in the face of danger or in trouble. A.probably　　　　 B.wisely C.especially　　　　D.simply 7.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party yesterday, Grace? —No. I didn't see ______ I knew there, so it was kind of boring. A.somebody　　　　B.nobody C.everybody　　　　D.anybody 8.—Do you like Confucius' words, Allen? —Yes. They are so ______. They teach me how to think. A.difficult　　　　B.useful C.delicious　　　　D.simple 9.Drivers ______ obey traffic rules to ensure the safety of themselves and others. A.can　　　　 B.will　　　　 C.might　　　　 D.should 10.Science is developing faster and faster. Scientists and doctors will surely find a way to ______ cancer some day. A.treat　　　　 B.operate　　　 C.realize　　　 D.perform 11.—Can you help me? —Yes. ______ your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK. A.Follow　　 B.Following C.To follow D.Followed 12. —Why can't you go to the farm with us, Amy? —My mum is ill, and I have to ______ her at home. A.take part in　 B.take apart C.take care of　　 D.take place 二．完形填空（8分） In China, school safety education is becoming more and more important now. Safety Education Day, is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the 13 at school? Take a look. Stampedes (人群的蜂拥), earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school. A stampede is a situation in which a group of people suddenly start running in the same 14 because they are frightened or excited. An earthquake is a 15 shaking of the earth’s surface (表面). A fire is usually out of control and destroys (毁坏) buildings. These three kinds of accidents are always the most terrible ones at school. A stampede always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to 16 , just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around. When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk 17 and hold on. It’ll protect you from falling things. If you are outdoors, find a 18 place away from buildings, trees and power lines. When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something 19 over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe (呼吸) in smoke. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. So when you want to 20 , you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air. 13．A．mistakes B．events C．problems D．accidents 14．A．decision B．direction C．suggestion D．situation 15．A．sudden B．soft C．slow D．clear 16．A．sing B．fight C．push D．follow 17．A．quickly B．slowly C．badly D．heavily 18．A．similar B．natural C．proper D．quiet 19．A．dirty B．cold C．clean D．wet 20．A．go out B．find out C．work out D．take out 三．阅读理解（共20小题，满分40分） A Common sense means the basic understanding and knowledge that we believe most people have. This shows up in everyday situations like following traffic rules: people on foot naturally avoid stepping into traffic, while drivers seldom drive on sidewalks to ensure safety. Although common sense seems to be everywhere, do all people share commonsense beliefs about everything? And how “common” is common sense among different social groups? “We all think we share common sense,” said Professor Duncan Watts from the University of Pennsylvania. “However, we seldom make clear which of our beliefs match common sense or who else agrees with us.” To deal with the challenge of understanding common sense, Watts and his research partner, Mark Whiting, studied it on two levels. First, on an individual level, they checked how much people agreed on certain ideas and whether they knew others agreed too. Second, on a group level, they came up with the “pq common sense” framework. It’s a new way to see what percentage of people (p) agree on how many ideas (q). They tested this “pq”framework. They got 4,607 ideas from different places and asked 2,046 people. The results were surprising. Hardly any ideas were agreed on by everyone. Only a small number of ideas met the strict “perfect common sense” rule. Even when they made the rule looser (更松动的), not many ideas had a lot of agreements. What’s unique is that when they needed more ideas to be agreed on,the number of people agreeing dropped sharply. Big groups had far fewer shared ideas. The study also found that individual differences in commonsensicality (常识性) mainly relate to the ability to understand others’ thoughts. However, age, gender and other factors don’t affect it. In other words, common sense is shaped by personal views, not as “common” as we think. The researchers believe that expanding (扩大) their research worldwide would be a next step. Their further interest lies in studying common sense across various cultures and societies. They’re also interested in creating ways to measure common sense using AI systems, which could help AI better understand human contexts and develop its decision-making skills. 21．What can we learn from the passage about the study? A．Common sense has little link to individual preference. B．Everyone understands common sense in the same way. C．Commonsensicality relates to personal age and gender. D．Very few common-sense beliefs are agreed on by all. 22．What might be the researchers’ further study according to the passage? A．To create more reasonable traffic rules based on common sense. B．To explore common sense among different cultures and societies. C．To teach people to better understand others’ commonsensicality. D．To create new AI systems to develop human decision-making skills. 23．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Common Sense: Less Common than We Think B．The“pq”Framework: Measuring Social Beliefs C．AI &Common Sense:A New Research Direction D．Commonsensicality: Shaping Individual Differences B Winter sports have lots of fun! But you have to know how to be safe. Keeping toasty (温暖的) You are going skating. You want to prepare your snowballing for the next big fight. But you have to remember to wear warm gloves and boots. Fun in the sun Sunscreen (防晒霜) may look funny in wintertime, but don’t forget to put it on. Sunlight reflects (反射) off all that bright white snow and ice and back onto your face. That’s why you need to cover up with sunscreen, and lip balm (润唇膏) even if it’s cloudy outside. Sled safety Going down a hill at an amazing speed can be great. But you must be safe when you’re sledding. When you choose your sled (雪橇), make sure it’s strong and safe. Never use things from home like garbage-can lids, plastic bags or pool floats for sleighs. These are dangerous while you’re sledding. Also, never use a sled that has any sharp, jagged edges or broken parts. Also, a bike helmet (头盔) can protect your head. Make sure the bottom of the hill must not be anywhere near cars or roads. This is important. 24．If you want to go skating or have a snowball fight, you have to wear warm ______ and boots. A．T-shirts B．blankets C．gloves D．socks 25．It’s suggested that using sunscreen and lip balm can . A．make sure you are interested B．keep you warm C．make you look cool D．protect you from strong sunlight 26．Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．Sunlight may hurt even when it’s cloudy. B．We should always be careful while having fun. C．We needn’t avoid cars and roads while sledding. D．We must wear warm gloves and boots when going skating. 27．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to have fun while sledding. B．Why we keep warm. C．How to keep safe in winter sports. D．Why we should keep safe. C ①Have you ever shown your photos on your favorite social media (媒体)? Or have you expressed your feelings and emotions on your online page? If yes, do you know what you have posted on the social medias can cause problems you could not expect? ②Cathy, who is going to be fifteen, posted online an invitation to her birthday party with her address in it. And guess what! 500 people came to the party, making a total mess of the house. The girl’s birthday party turned into a nightmare (噩梦). ③Many teenagers (青少年) think they know everything about social media, and that such a thing could never happen to them. Studies show that each year more than three million young people in the world get into trouble because of their online activities. ④So do remember these if you really want to share something online. ⑤Share with care! Not everyone will like what you write online. Think before you post anything. You never know who sees your texts, pictures or videos. Before clicking “post”, you should ask yourself. ⑥Be polite when you write! Imagine someone is unfriendly in real life. The same is true of online communication. No one likes it when you “shout” in your messages. If you feel angry or frustrated while you’re writing a message, wait a bit. Read it again later and then send it. ⑦Protect and respect! Never share your passwords with anyone. It’s not wise to post your home or email address online. Don’t say bad things about people. If you get messages like that or see them online, talk to your parents or your teachers. ⑧I’d say none of these things promises 100% online safety, but each will help you to be safer. 28．The writer starts to introduce the topic by ________. A．telling stories B．giving examples C．asking questions D．sharing experiences 29．The party turned into a nightmare because Cathy ________. A．made a total mess of the house B．shared the photos of her house online C．invited hundreds of people to her party D．posted an invitation with her address online 30．The writer uses the mark “!” in the underlined sentences of Paragraphs 5～7 to ________. A．draw the readers’ attention B．give orders that readers should follow C．express the strong feelings of worry D．give the decisions that have been made 31．What does the writer mean by saying the last sentence? A．You should spend much less time online. B．It’s necessary to think before you act online. C．You have to make a promise before you go online. D．If you want to be safer online, do as the writer suggests. D Recently, the topic of “premade food (预制菜) in schools” has caused extensive debates. China’s Ministry of Education has warned against schools serving precooked meals to students, after parents complained they may be unhealthy and unsafe for children to eat. Teenagers need to eat food that is good for their bodies while they’re still young so that they will grow up to be healthy adults. So it is necessary for school cafeterias (食堂) to provide nutritious and healthy food. With this in mind, the government has introduced a new food safety rule that will improve nutrition and health standards in schools. The rule came into force to require the heads of primary and middle schools to eat with students in their cafeterias. Schools will also be required to show the public the information about food sources and suppliers (供应商). The rule also suggests that parents should eat with students at school in order to provide advice on food safety and nutrition. Schools must try to find food safety problems and solve them in a timely manner. “If a school is caught buying low-quality food or failing to report food safety incidents (事件), the head of the school will be warned, fired or handed over to law enforcement (执法机关),” the rule says. Parents across China have become angry about food safety incidents in schools, according to the Beijing News. The most recent example happened in March at the Chengdu No.7 High School Development School. Parents posted videos and photos of moldy (发霉的) food that was served in the schools’ cafeteria, China Daily reported. Finally, the head of the school was fired. In October, the head of an international school in Shanghai was fired after health and education authorities found moldy tomatoes and onions in the school’s kitchen. What do other schools do? Schools in other countries have many ways to ensure food safety. For example, many parents in Australia volunteer in their children’s school cafeterias, according to China National Radio. These parents do their best to see that their children are served nutritious food. 32．What does the word “nutritious” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．安全的 B．有营养的 C．足量的 D．健康的 33．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Food safety problems can be easily solved. B．Teenagers should go home to eat meals every day. C．Parents are angry about food safety incidents in schools. D．Parents should play a part in improving food safety in schools. 34．What does the new rule require schools to do? A．To build more than one cafeteria. B．To improve the conditions of their cafeterias. C．To show the public where their food comes from. D．To allow teachers and students to eat together. 35．What ways can people know food safety accidents in the passage? a. China Daily    b. The CCTV   c. China National Radio d. The Beijing News A．abc B．acd C．bcd D．abcd D 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cycling is popular and enjoyable. It is not only a good way to keep healthy but also an action to protect the environment. 36 Here are some tips on how to keep safe while cycling. 37 Before you start cycling, you need to examine the condition of your bike with care. For example, make sure that the brakes (刹车) work well and the chain (链条) can turn with no problems. Use proper equipment. Wear a helmet. 38 Before you start cycling, you should fasten (扣紧) your helmet. Wear bright and reflective (反光的) clothes on the road. Make sure your bike has lights. All these can greatly reduce the risk of being hurt. Follow traffic rules. You are required to follow the same traffic rules as drivers. 39 For example, you should ride at a safe speed on the right side of the road, wait at the traffic lights and let passers-by go first. Stay focused (专注的). 40 If you chat with others when you are cycling, it can distract (使分心) you and put yourself at the risk of road accidents. By following these tips, you can enjoy cycling and stay safe at the same time. Always remember that safety comes first! Happy cycling! A．You need to buy a new hat. B．It is important to stay focused. C．Examine (检查) your bike with care. D．Remember that your helmet fits you well. E．Keep the traffic rules in mind all the time. F．However, sometimes it may be dangerous. G．You can do anything you want while cycling. 四．任务型阅读（10分） When Scan Aiken bought a bike helmet （头盔）, he never thought it would help him so soon. Only a week later, it saved his life. He was hit by a car while riding home from school in Tucson, Arizona. His bike was broken into pieces in the accident, but Scan was alive. His helmet protected him from serious head injury.  “I used to think helmets were unnecessary. I thought I would never get hurt,” Scan said. “But it can and will happen to you if you’re not careful.” Scan later spoke before the Tucson City Council about the need of bike-helmet laws. This led to a new Arizona law that requires people under the age of 18 to wear a bike helmet while cycling. Fifteen-year-old Mike Jones of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, knows about safety. Two years ago, he was seriously hurt in a car accident. Mike hurt his head badly when he was thrown from a van. “I don’t know why I didn’t wear a safety belt that day. Now I always wear it,” Mike said. Today, he can still think of that experience. “I used to love sports, but I can’t do them anymore. I can’t risk getting another serious injury,” he said. Like Mike, many people around the U.S. are becoming more safety-wise. “Parents can’t watch kids every minute. Kids must know how to be safe. It’s in their control and power, says Susan Gallagher, director of the Safety Network. New technology is also helping to prevent （预防） injuries. More people than ever before use products （产品） such as smoke alarms in their homes and seat belts in their cars. Most cyclists know that they should use bike helmets. New laws, such as the bike-helmet law Scan Aiken helped pass, are also making more people use these products. The number of serious injuries caused by car accidents and fires has gone down over the years. Kids are taking action to help prevent injuries. Like Scan Aiken and Mike Jones， they know that safety works. 41．Did the helmet save Scan Aiken’s life? _______________________________________________________ 42．Why was Mike Jones seriously hurt in a car accident? _______________________________________________________ 43．How many products do people use to prevent injuries according to the 4th paragraph? _______________________________________________________ 44．What is the main idea of the passage? _______________________________________________________ 五．语法填空（10分） 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的词，或是用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Nov. 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out. When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire” as 45 (loud) as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire 46 (you). Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything with you. A fire can 47 (become) wild in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor. There is 48 (little) smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see 49 you are going. If the door is really hot, do not open it. Try to find a different way out. 50 (use) the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs. The lift may stop working, and you could get trapped 51 it. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because 52 (move) around will make the fire even bigger. Drop to the ground, and then roll (翻滚) from side to side 53 (put) out the fire. Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This 54 (help) you to make smart decisions in an emergency (紧急情况). 六．书面表达（20分） “安全无小事”。无论在校园里，还是在上下学的途中，或是其他场所，我们都应注意安全。假如你是李华，你校英文报刊正在开展“安全大家谈”的征文活动，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你发现了什么安全问题并提出相应的建议。 提示词语：fast, dangerous, pay attention, traffic lights 提示问题： （1）What safety problem do you notice? （2）What’s your advice on keeping safe? I notice a safety problem. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年八年级上册英语单元测试 Unit2·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一．单项选择（12分） 1.Being on time is important. ______ late for anything all the time. A.Don't be　 B.Not be C.Not to be　　 D.Not being 解析　句意:准时是重要的。凡事都不要总是迟到。根据“Being on time is important...late for anything all the time.”可知,此处指不要总迟到,否定祈使句以Don't加动词原形开头,be late for迟到。故选A。 2.Many students didn't ______ the importance of study until they left school. A.use　　　　 B.provide C.compare　　　 D.realise 解析　句意:许多学生直到离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。use使用;provide提供;compare比较;realise意识到。根据“the importance of study until they left school”可知,此处是指意识到学习的重要性。故选D。 3.—Mum, can I have some fried chicken? —You'd better not. You ______ eat some healthier food. A.needn't　　　　 B.mustn't C.may　　　　 D.should 解析　句意:——妈妈,我能吃些炸鸡吗?——你最好不要。你应该吃些更健康的食物。needn't不需要;mustn't禁止;may也许;should应该。根据“eat some healthier food”可知,此处指应该吃更健康的食物,故选D。 4.Tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, was discovered ______ in China. A.by hand　　　 B.by mistake C.by accident　　 D.by means of 解析　句意:世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一——茶,是在中国被偶然发现的。by hand手工; by mistake错误地; by accident意外地; by means of通过……手段。根据语境可知,茶是偶然被发现的。故选C。 5.This old story tells us to be honest and never to ______ anyone. A.lead　　　　 B.cheat　　　　 C.excite　　　　 D.protect 解析　句意:这个古老的故事告诉我们要诚实,永远不要欺骗任何人。lead带领;cheat欺骗;excite使兴奋;protect保护。根据“to be honest”可知,此处表示不要欺骗任何人。故选B。 6.Everyone should learn how to act ______ in the face of danger or in trouble. A.probably　　　　 B.wisely C.especially　　　　D.simply 解析　句意:每个人都应该学会在面对危险或陷入困境时如何明智地行事。probably或许;wisely明智地;especially尤其;simply仅仅。根据“in the face of danger or in trouble”可知,面对危险或陷入困境时要明智地行事。故选B。 7.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party yesterday, Grace? —No. I didn't see ______ I knew there, so it was kind of boring. A.somebody　　　　B.nobody C.everybody　　　　D.anybody 解析　句意:——Grace,你昨天在聚会上玩得高兴吗?——不,我在那儿没有看到我认识的人,所以有点无聊。somebody某人,常用于肯定句;nobody没有人;everybody每个人;anybody任何人,常用于否定句或疑问句。根据“so it was kind of boring”可知,这里指没有看到任何认识的人。故选D。 8.—Do you like Confucius' words, Allen? —Yes. They are so ______. They teach me how to think. A.difficult　　　　B.useful C.delicious　　　　D.simple 解析　句意:——艾伦,你喜欢孔子的话吗?——是的。它们非常有用。它们教我如何思考。difficult困难的;useful有用的;delicious美味的;simple简单的。根据“They teach me how to think.”可知,它们非常有用。故选B。 9.Drivers ______ obey traffic rules to ensure the safety of themselves and others. A.can　　　　 B.will　　　　 C.might　　　　 D.should 解析　句意:司机应该遵守交通规则,以确保自己和他人的安全。can能;will将要;might可能;should应该。根据“Drivers...obey traffic rules”可知,遵守交通规则是一种责任和义务,应用should。故选D。 10.Science is developing faster and faster. Scientists and doctors will surely find a way to ______ cancer some day. A.treat　　　　 B.operate　　　 C.realize　　　 D.perform 解析　句意:科学发展得越来越快。科学家和医生总有一天肯定会找到治疗癌症的方法。treat治疗;operate操作,经营;realize意识到;perform表演。根据“a way to...cancer”可知,此处指治疗癌症的方法。故选A。 11.—Can you help me? —Yes. ______ your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK. A.Follow　　 B.Following C.To follow D.Followed 解析　句意:——你可以帮助我吗?——可以。在我看来,听从你老师的建议,一切都会变好的。根据“...your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK.”可知,此处考查以动词原形开头的祈使句,表示说话人提出建议。故选A。 12. —Why can't you go to the farm with us, Amy? —My mum is ill, and I have to ______ her at home. A.take part in　 B.take apart C.take care of　　 D.take place 解析　take part in参加;take apart拆开;take care of照顾;take place发生。根据“My mum is ill”可知,此处表示我母亲生病了,所以我要在家照顾她。故选C。 二．完形填空（8分） In China, school safety education is becoming more and more important now. Safety Education Day, is for students to learn it at school. It helps students learn more about what they should do to keep themselves safe. What are the 13 at school? Take a look. Stampedes (人群的蜂拥), earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school. A stampede is a situation in which a group of people suddenly start running in the same 14 because they are frightened or excited. An earthquake is a 15 shaking of the earth’s surface (表面). A fire is usually out of control and destroys (毁坏) buildings. These three kinds of accidents are always the most terrible ones at school. A stampede always happens in crowded places. When students around you begin to 16 , just stand there and try to hold onto something. If you fall down in the crowd, move to one side and protect your head with your hands around. When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk 17 and hold on. It’ll protect you from falling things. If you are outdoors, find a 18 place away from buildings, trees and power lines. When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something 19 over your mouth and nose. In this way, you won’t breathe (呼吸) in smoke. Many people die in a fire, not because of the fire but smoke. It makes them cough and they can’t breathe. So when you want to 20 , you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air. 13．A．mistakes B．events C．problems D．accidents 14．A．decision B．direction C．suggestion D．situation 15．A．sudden B．soft C．slow D．clear 16．A．sing B．fight C．push D．follow 17．A．quickly B．slowly C．badly D．heavily 18．A．similar B．natural C．proper D．quiet 19．A．dirty B．cold C．clean D．wet 20．A．go out B．find out C．work out D．take out 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．A 16．C 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．A 【导语】文章主要讲述中国学校安全教育日益重要，介绍了校园里常见的事故如踩踏、地震和火灾，以及在这些事故发生时学生应采取的自我保护措施。 13．句意：在学校里的事故是什么？来看看。 mistakes错误；events事件；problems问题；accidents事故。根据“Stampedes, earthquakes and fires are the main accidents at school.”可知，明确指出踩踏、地震和火灾是学校里的主要事故。故选D。 14．句意：踩踏是一群人因为害怕或兴奋，突然开始朝相同方向奔跑的一种情况。 decision决定；direction方向；suggestion建议；situation情况。根据“A stampede is a situation in which a group of people suddenly start running in the same”可知，in the same direction是常见搭配，表示“朝相同方向”，符合对踩踏事故情景的描述。故选B。 15．句意：地震是地球表面的突然震动。 sudden突然的；soft柔软的；slow缓慢的；claar清晰的。根据“An earthquake is a”可知，地震的发生是突然的。故选A。 16．句意：当你周围的学生开始推挤时，就站在那里并试着抓住某物。 sing唱歌；fight打架；push推挤；follow跟随。根据“When students around you begin to”可知，在可能发生踩踏事故的场景中，学生开始推挤是引发踩踏的常见行为。故选C。 17．句意：当地震发生时，你可以迅速地躲到桌子下面并抓住它。 quickly快速地；slowly缓慢地；badly坏地；heavily沉重地。根据“When earthquakes happen, you can get under a desk”可知，地震发生时需要迅速采取躲避措施，quickly“迅速地”符合要求。故选A。 18．句意：如果你在户外，找一个远离建筑物、树木和电线的合适的地方。 similar相似的；natural自然的；proper合适的；quiet安静的。根据“If you are outdoors, find a”可知，地震时在户外要找合适安全的地方躲避，proper“合适的”符合语义。故选C。 19．句意：最好把湿的东西盖在你的嘴和鼻子上。 dirty脏的；cold冷的；clean干净的；wet湿的。根据“When there’s a fire, leave the classroom quickly. It’s better to put something”可知，火灾发生时，用湿的东西捂住口鼻可以减少吸入烟雾，wet“湿的”符合常识和语境。故选D。 20．句意：所以当你想要出去时，你应该让自己贴近地面。 go out出去；find out发现；work out解决；take out拿出。根据“you should make yourself close to the floor. Then you can breathe some fresh air.”可知，火灾发生时，要从室内出去逃生。故选A。 三．阅读理解（共20小题，满分40分） A Common sense means the basic understanding and knowledge that we believe most people have. This shows up in everyday situations like following traffic rules: people on foot naturally avoid stepping into traffic, while drivers seldom drive on sidewalks to ensure safety. Although common sense seems to be everywhere, do all people share commonsense beliefs about everything? And how “common” is common sense among different social groups? “We all think we share common sense,” said Professor Duncan Watts from the University of Pennsylvania. “However, we seldom make clear which of our beliefs match common sense or who else agrees with us.” To deal with the challenge of understanding common sense, Watts and his research partner, Mark Whiting, studied it on two levels. First, on an individual level, they checked how much people agreed on certain ideas and whether they knew others agreed too. Second, on a group level, they came up with the “pq common sense” framework. It’s a new way to see what percentage of people (p) agree on how many ideas (q). They tested this “pq”framework. They got 4,607 ideas from different places and asked 2,046 people. The results were surprising. Hardly any ideas were agreed on by everyone. Only a small number of ideas met the strict “perfect common sense” rule. Even when they made the rule looser (更松动的), not many ideas had a lot of agreements. What’s unique is that when they needed more ideas to be agreed on,the number of people agreeing dropped sharply. Big groups had far fewer shared ideas. The study also found that individual differences in commonsensicality (常识性) mainly relate to the ability to understand others’ thoughts. However, age, gender and other factors don’t affect it. In other words, common sense is shaped by personal views, not as “common” as we think. The researchers believe that expanding (扩大) their research worldwide would be a next step. Their further interest lies in studying common sense across various cultures and societies. They’re also interested in creating ways to measure common sense using AI systems, which could help AI better understand human contexts and develop its decision-making skills. 21．What can we learn from the passage about the study? A．Common sense has little link to individual preference. B．Everyone understands common sense in the same way. C．Commonsensicality relates to personal age and gender. D．Very few common-sense beliefs are agreed on by all. 22．What might be the researchers’ further study according to the passage? A．To create more reasonable traffic rules based on common sense. B．To explore common sense among different cultures and societies. C．To teach people to better understand others’ commonsensicality. D．To create new AI systems to develop human decision-making skills. 23．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Common Sense: Less Common than We Think B．The“pq”Framework: Measuring Social Beliefs C．AI &Common Sense:A New Research Direction D．Commonsensicality: Shaping Individual Differences 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕常识展开，探讨了不同社会群体中常识的“普遍性”，介绍了相关研究及其结果，指出常识并不像我们想象的那样普遍，且研究人员计划进一步在全球范围内研究不同文化和社会中的常识。 21．细节理解题。根据“The results were surprising. Hardly any ideas were agreed on by everyone. Only a small number of ideas met the strict ‘perfect common sense’ rule.”可知，几乎没有任何常识性观点能得到所有人的认同，故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据“The researchers believe that expanding(扩大)their research worldwide would be a next step. Their further interest lies in studying common sense across various cultures and societies.”可知，研究人员进一步的研究可能是探索不同文化和社会中的常识，故选B。 23．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了常识并不像我们想象的那样普遍，研究表明很少有常识性观点能得到所有人的认同，大群体共享的观点更少，最佳标题是“常识：不像我们想象的那样普遍”，故选A。 B Winter sports have lots of fun! But you have to know how to be safe. Keeping toasty (温暖的) You are going skating. You want to prepare your snowballing for the next big fight. But you have to remember to wear warm gloves and boots. Fun in the sun Sunscreen (防晒霜) may look funny in wintertime, but don’t forget to put it on. Sunlight reflects (反射) off all that bright white snow and ice and back onto your face. That’s why you need to cover up with sunscreen, and lip balm (润唇膏) even if it’s cloudy outside. Sled safety Going down a hill at an amazing speed can be great. But you must be safe when you’re sledding. When you choose your sled (雪橇), make sure it’s strong and safe. Never use things from home like garbage-can lids, plastic bags or pool floats for sleighs. These are dangerous while you’re sledding. Also, never use a sled that has any sharp, jagged edges or broken parts. Also, a bike helmet (头盔) can protect your head. Make sure the bottom of the hill must not be anywhere near cars or roads. This is important. 24．If you want to go skating or have a snowball fight, you have to wear warm ______ and boots. A．T-shirts B．blankets C．gloves D．socks 25．It’s suggested that using sunscreen and lip balm can . A．make sure you are interested B．keep you warm C．make you look cool D．protect you from strong sunlight 26．Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．Sunlight may hurt even when it’s cloudy. B．We should always be careful while having fun. C．We needn’t avoid cars and roads while sledding. D．We must wear warm gloves and boots when going skating. 27．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to have fun while sledding. B．Why we keep warm. C．How to keep safe in winter sports. D．Why we should keep safe. 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．C 27．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在冬季运动中保证安全。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段“You are going skating. You want to prepare your snowballing for the next big fight. But you have to remember to wear warm gloves and boots.”可知，如果你想去滑冰或打雪仗，你必须戴上暖和的手套，穿上暖和的靴子。故选C。 25．推理判断题。根据第三段“Sunlight reflects off all that bright white snow and ice and back onto your face. That's why you need to cover up with sunscreen, and lip balm…”可知，冰雪会反射太阳光到人们的脸上，由此可知使用防晒霜和润唇膏可以保护人们免受强烈阳光的伤害。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Make sure the bottom of the hill must not be anywhere near cars or roads.”可知，滑雪时要确保山脚不得靠近汽车或道路，也就是说当人们滑雪时必须要避开汽车和道路，C选项不符合文意。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Winter sports have lots of fun! But you have to know how to be safe.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何在冬季运动中保证安全。故选C。 C ①Have you ever shown your photos on your favorite social media (媒体)? Or have you expressed your feelings and emotions on your online page? If yes, do you know what you have posted on the social medias can cause problems you could not expect? ②Cathy, who is going to be fifteen, posted online an invitation to her birthday party with her address in it. And guess what! 500 people came to the party, making a total mess of the house. The girl’s birthday party turned into a nightmare (噩梦). ③Many teenagers (青少年) think they know everything about social media, and that such a thing could never happen to them. Studies show that each year more than three million young people in the world get into trouble because of their online activities. ④So do remember these if you really want to share something online. ⑤Share with care! Not everyone will like what you write online. Think before you post anything. You never know who sees your texts, pictures or videos. Before clicking “post”, you should ask yourself. ⑥Be polite when you write! Imagine someone is unfriendly in real life. The same is true of online communication. No one likes it when you “shout” in your messages. If you feel angry or frustrated while you’re writing a message, wait a bit. Read it again later and then send it. ⑦Protect and respect! Never share your passwords with anyone. It’s not wise to post your home or email address online. Don’t say bad things about people. If you get messages like that or see them online, talk to your parents or your teachers. ⑧I’d say none of these things promises 100% online safety, but each will help you to be safer. 28．The writer starts to introduce the topic by ________. A．telling stories B．giving examples C．asking questions D．sharing experiences 29．The party turned into a nightmare because Cathy ________. A．made a total mess of the house B．shared the photos of her house online C．invited hundreds of people to her party D．posted an invitation with her address online 30．The writer uses the mark “!” in the underlined sentences of Paragraphs 5～7 to ________. A．draw the readers’ attention B．give orders that readers should follow C．express the strong feelings of worry D．give the decisions that have been made 31．What does the writer mean by saying the last sentence? A．You should spend much less time online. B．It’s necessary to think before you act online. C．You have to make a promise before you go online. D．If you want to be safer online, do as the writer suggests. 【答案】28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B 【导语】本文以凯西为例，介绍了在社交媒体上分享照片的危害，并介绍了如何在分享照片的同时保护自己安全的建议。 28．细节理解题。根据“Have you ever shown your photos on your favorite social media”可知，作者是通过问问题来引出主题。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据“Cathy, posted online an invitation to her birthday party with her address in it...The girl’s birthday party turned into a nightmare”可知，15岁的凯西在网上发了一张生日聚会的请帖，这导致让这场派对成为了一个噩梦。故选D。 30．推理判断题。根据“So do remember these if you really want to share something online”可知，这些都是保护自己安全的建议，用感叹号是为了吸引读者的注意。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据“I’d say none of these things promises 100% online safety”可知，这些东西都不能保证百分之百的在线安全，所以在社交媒体上发布照片之前要三思而后行。故选B。 D Recently, the topic of “premade food (预制菜) in schools” has caused extensive debates. China’s Ministry of Education has warned against schools serving precooked meals to students, after parents complained they may be unhealthy and unsafe for children to eat. Teenagers need to eat food that is good for their bodies while they’re still young so that they will grow up to be healthy adults. So it is necessary for school cafeterias (食堂) to provide nutritious and healthy food. With this in mind, the government has introduced a new food safety rule that will improve nutrition and health standards in schools. The rule came into force to require the heads of primary and middle schools to eat with students in their cafeterias. Schools will also be required to show the public the information about food sources and suppliers (供应商). The rule also suggests that parents should eat with students at school in order to provide advice on food safety and nutrition. Schools must try to find food safety problems and solve them in a timely manner. “If a school is caught buying low-quality food or failing to report food safety incidents (事件), the head of the school will be warned, fired or handed over to law enforcement (执法机关),” the rule says. Parents across China have become angry about food safety incidents in schools, according to the Beijing News. The most recent example happened in March at the Chengdu No.7 High School Development School. Parents posted videos and photos of moldy (发霉的) food that was served in the schools’ cafeteria, China Daily reported. Finally, the head of the school was fired. In October, the head of an international school in Shanghai was fired after health and education authorities found moldy tomatoes and onions in the school’s kitchen. What do other schools do? Schools in other countries have many ways to ensure food safety. For example, many parents in Australia volunteer in their children’s school cafeterias, according to China National Radio. These parents do their best to see that their children are served nutritious food. 32．What does the word “nutritious” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese? A．安全的 B．有营养的 C．足量的 D．健康的 33．What can we know from Paragraph 4? A．Food safety problems can be easily solved. B．Teenagers should go home to eat meals every day. C．Parents are angry about food safety incidents in schools. D．Parents should play a part in improving food safety in schools. 34．What does the new rule require schools to do? A．To build more than one cafeteria. B．To improve the conditions of their cafeterias. C．To show the public where their food comes from. D．To allow teachers and students to eat together. 35．What ways can people know food safety accidents in the passage? a. China Daily    b. The CCTV   c. China National Radio d. The Beijing News A．abc B．acd C．bcd D．abcd 【答案】32．B 33．D 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了政府出台的新的食品安全条例，将会提高学校饭菜的营养和健康标准。 32．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Teenagers need to eat food that is good for their bodies while they’re still young so that they will grow up to be healthy adults.”和“So it is necessary for school cafeterias to provide nutritious and healthy food.”可知，需要给学生提供有益于身体的食物，即食物要健康、有营养，划线单词nutritious意为“有营养的”。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段“The rule also suggests that parents should eat with students at school in order to provide advice on food safety and nutrition.”可知，该规定还建议家长应在学校与学生一起吃饭，以便在食品安全和营养方面提供建议。可知，提高食品安全还需要父母发挥作用。故选D。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段“Schools will also be required to show the public the information about food sources and suppliers”可知，学校还将被要求向公众展示食物来源和供应商的信息。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据第五段“Parents across China have become angry about food safety incidents in schools, according to the Beijing News.”、第六段“...Parents posted videos and photos of moldy food that was served in the schools’cafeteria, China Daily reported.”及最后一段“For example, many parents in Australia volunteer in their children’s school cafeterias, according to China National Radio.”可知，人们可以通过中国日报，中央人民广播电台及北京新闻了解食品安全事故。故选B。 D 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cycling is popular and enjoyable. It is not only a good way to keep healthy but also an action to protect the environment. 36 Here are some tips on how to keep safe while cycling. 37 Before you start cycling, you need to examine the condition of your bike with care. For example, make sure that the brakes (刹车) work well and the chain (链条) can turn with no problems. Use proper equipment. Wear a helmet. 38 Before you start cycling, you should fasten (扣紧) your helmet. Wear bright and reflective (反光的) clothes on the road. Make sure your bike has lights. All these can greatly reduce the risk of being hurt. Follow traffic rules. You are required to follow the same traffic rules as drivers. 39 For example, you should ride at a safe speed on the right side of the road, wait at the traffic lights and let passers-by go first. Stay focused (专注的). 40 If you chat with others when you are cycling, it can distract (使分心) you and put yourself at the risk of road accidents. By following these tips, you can enjoy cycling and stay safe at the same time. Always remember that safety comes first! Happy cycling! A．You need to buy a new hat. B．It is important to stay focused. C．Examine (检查) your bike with care. D．Remember that your helmet fits you well. E．Keep the traffic rules in mind all the time. F．However, sometimes it may be dangerous. G．You can do anything you want while cycling. 【答案】36．F 37．C 38．D 39．E 40．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了骑自行车的好处，同时重点给出了几条骑行时保证安全的建议。 36．根据“It is not only a good way to keep healthy but also an action to protect the environment.”及“Here are some tips on how to keep safe while cycling.”可知，前文提到骑自行车的好处，后文引出安全骑行的建议，选项F“然而，有时它可能是危险的”通过转折指出骑行存在危险，从而引出安全建议的必要性，衔接上下文，故选F。 37．根据“Before you start cycling, you need to examine the condition of your bike with care.”可知，该段落围绕骑行前检查自行车展开，选项C“仔细检查你的自行车”作为小标题，符合语境，故选C。 38．根据“Wear a helmet. Before you start cycling, you should fasten your helmet.”可知，该段落提到佩戴头盔及扣紧头盔，选项D“记住你的头盔很适合你”补充了佩戴头盔的注意事项，符合语境，故选D。 39．根据“Follow traffic rules. You are required to follow the same traffic rules as drivers.”可知，该段落强调遵守交通规则，选项E“时刻牢记交通规则”进一步强调遵守规则的重要性，符合语境，故选E。 40．根据“Stay focused. If you chat with others when you are cycling, it can distract you and put yourself at the risk of road accidents.”可知，该段落围绕保持专注展开，选项B“保持专注是很重要的”总述保持专注的重要性，符合语境，故选B。 四．任务型阅读（10分） When Scan Aiken bought a bike helmet （头盔）, he never thought it would help him so soon. Only a week later, it saved his life. He was hit by a car while riding home from school in Tucson, Arizona. His bike was broken into pieces in the accident, but Scan was alive. His helmet protected him from serious head injury.  “I used to think helmets were unnecessary. I thought I would never get hurt,” Scan said. “But it can and will happen to you if you’re not careful.” Scan later spoke before the Tucson City Council about the need of bike-helmet laws. This led to a new Arizona law that requires people under the age of 18 to wear a bike helmet while cycling. Fifteen-year-old Mike Jones of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, knows about safety. Two years ago, he was seriously hurt in a car accident. Mike hurt his head badly when he was thrown from a van. “I don’t know why I didn’t wear a safety belt that day. Now I always wear it,” Mike said. Today, he can still think of that experience. “I used to love sports, but I can’t do them anymore. I can’t risk getting another serious injury,” he said. Like Mike, many people around the U.S. are becoming more safety-wise. “Parents can’t watch kids every minute. Kids must know how to be safe. It’s in their control and power, says Susan Gallagher, director of the Safety Network. New technology is also helping to prevent （预防） injuries. More people than ever before use products （产品） such as smoke alarms in their homes and seat belts in their cars. Most cyclists know that they should use bike helmets. New laws, such as the bike-helmet law Scan Aiken helped pass, are also making more people use these products. The number of serious injuries caused by car accidents and fires has gone down over the years. Kids are taking action to help prevent injuries. Like Scan Aiken and Mike Jones， they know that safety works. 41．Did the helmet save Scan Aiken’s life? _______________________________________________________ 42．Why was Mike Jones seriously hurt in a car accident? _______________________________________________________ 43．How many products do people use to prevent injuries according to the 4th paragraph? _______________________________________________________ 44．What is the main idea of the passage? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】41．Yes, it did. 42．Because he didn’t wear / wasn’t wearing a safety belt that day. 43．3/Three. 44．People have paid more attention to safety. / Safety products help prevent injuries. 【分析】本文主要介绍了人们应该更多关注安全，安全产品使用避免了受到人们受到更严重地伤害。列举了斯堪．艾肯买了一个自行车头盔在车祸中避免了受到重伤。这导致了新的亚利桑那州法律，要求18岁以下的人在骑车时戴上自行车头盔。又列举来自南达科他州苏福尔斯的15岁的迈克·琼斯例子。两年前，他在一场车祸中受了重伤。因为那天他没有系安全带。新技术也有助于防止伤害。如家用烟雾报警器、汽车安全带和自行车头盔等。新的法律，使更多的人使用这些产品。这些年来，由车祸和火灾造成的重伤人数减少了许多。 41．题意：头盔救了斯堪．艾肯的命吗？考查细节理解题。根据第一段第一和二句When Scan Aiken bought a bike helmet （头盔）, he never thought it would help him so soon. Only a week later, it saved his life.（当斯堪．艾肯买了一个自行车头盔，他从来没有想过它会这么快帮助他。仅仅一周后，它救了他的命。）可知作肯定回答，答案是Yes, it did. 42．题意：为什么迈克·琼斯在车祸中受了重伤？考查细节理解题。根据第二段中第3和4句Mike hurt his head badly when he was thrown from a van. “I don’t know why I didn’t wear a safety belt that day. Now I always wear it,” Mike said.（迈克从货车上摔下来时，头部受了重伤。“我不知道为什么那天没有系安全带。现在我总是戴着它，”迈克说。）可知因为迈克那天没有系安全带，所以在车祸中受了重伤。故答案是Because he didn’t wear / wasn’t wearing a safety belt that day. 43．题意：根据第4段，人们使用多少种产品来防止受伤？考查细节理解题。根据第四段第2和3句More people than ever before use products （产品） such as smoke alarms in their homes and seat belts in their cars. Most cyclists know that they should use bike helmets.（越来越多的人在家里使用烟雾报警器和汽车安全带等产品。大多数骑自行车的人都知道他们应该戴自行车头盔。）可知人们使用3种产品来防止受伤，他们是烟雾报警器（smoke alarms）、汽车安全带（seat belts）和自行车头盔（bike helmets）。故答案是3/Three。 44．题意：这篇短文的主要意思是什么？考查主旨理解题。通读全文可知本文主要谈论人们应该更多关注安全，安全产品使用避免了受到人们受到更严重地伤害。可知答案是People have paid more attention to safety. / Safety products help prevent injuries.（答案不唯一，只要符合本文主要意思即可）。 五．语法填空（10分） 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的词，或是用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Nov. 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out. When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire” as 45 (loud) as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire 46 (you). Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything with you. A fire can 47 (become) wild in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor. There is 48 (little) smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see 49 you are going. If the door is really hot, do not open it. Try to find a different way out. 50 (use) the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs. The lift may stop working, and you could get trapped 51 it. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because 52 (move) around will make the fire even bigger. Drop to the ground, and then roll (翻滚) from side to side 53 (put) out the fire. Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This 54 (help) you to make smart decisions in an emergency (紧急情况). 【答案】45．loudly 46．yourself 47．become 48．less 49．where 50．Don’t use/Never use 51．in/inside 52．moving 53．to put 54．will help 【导语】本文主要介绍了火灾发生时的安全逃生技巧。 45．句意：当你闻到烟味或看到火时，尽可能大声喊“着火了”。空处应用副词修饰动词shout，作状语。loud“大声的”，形容词，副词为loudly。故填loudly。 46．句意：不要试图自己灭火。根据“Do not try to put out the fire”和提示词可知，不要自己灭火，空处应用反身代词yourself“你自己”。故填yourself。 47．句意：火势可能在几秒钟内变得猛烈。情态动词can后用动词原形，空处应用become“变得”。故填become。 48．句意：低处的烟雾较少，因此更容易呼吸，也更能看清前进的方向。根据“lower down”可知，更低的位置，烟更少。空处填形容词比较级作定语。little“少量的”，形容词，比较级为less。故填less。 49．句意：低处的烟雾较少，因此更容易呼吸，也更能看清前进的方向。根据“you are going”可知，此处指能看清去哪里，应用where“哪里”引导宾语从句。故填where。 50．句意：火灾时不要使用电梯。根据“Always use the stairs”可知，此处警告火灾时不要使用电梯。用祈使句的否定形式don’t do或never do。位于句首，don’t或never首字母大写；use“使用”，动词。故填Don’t use/Never use。 51．句意：电梯可能停止工作，你可能会被困在里面。根据“The lift may stop working”可知，电梯停止工作，人可能会被困在电梯里面。in“在……里面”，inside“在……里”。故填in/inside。 52．句意：如果你的衣服着火了，不要跑，因为走动会使火势更大。空处应用动名词短语“moving around”作主语，故填moving。 53．句意：倒在地上，然后左右翻滚以扑灭火。空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，应用to put。故填to put。 54．句意：这将帮助你在紧急情况下做出明智决定。根据“remember to stay calm no matter what happens”可知，此处表示发生紧急情况时会有帮助，用一般将来时，其结构“will do”。故填will help。 六．书面表达（20分） “安全无小事”。无论在校园里，还是在上下学的途中，或是其他场所，我们都应注意安全。假如你是李华，你校英文报刊正在开展“安全大家谈”的征文活动，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你发现了什么安全问题并提出相应的建议。 提示词语：fast, dangerous, pay attention, traffic lights 提示问题： （1）What safety problem do you notice? （2）What’s your advice on keeping safe? I notice a safety problem. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 I notice a safety problem. On the way to and from school, I notice that some students ride very fast and don’t look at the traffic lights. It’s dangerous. We should pay attention to safety. Stopping at red light and going at green light are not only traffic rules, but also rules related to life safety. I also notice that it is also dangerous to chase and fight in the corridor on campus. If you hit a classmate, it will cause trouble. I also notice that some students make friends online and even meet them, which is dangerous. We should communicate more with our classmates and make friends. Safety is no small matter. Whether on the way to and from school, on campus or in other places, we should pay attention to safety. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要求已给出，学生不要遗漏题目中的要点，适当添加细节，写作时保持主谓一致，注意字数要求。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍你注意到什么安全问题； 第二步，提出相应的建议； 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①on the way to…在去……的路上 ②pay attention to注意 ③not only…but also…不仅……而且…… ④communicate with sb与某人交流 [高分句型] ①I also notice that it is also dangerous to chase and fight in the corridor on campus.（宾语从句） ②If you hit a classmate, it will cause trouble.（条件状语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$