句子成分与基本句型 导学案 -2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

初高衔接课----英语句子成分与基本句型 一、句子成分构成一览表 成 分 意 义 例 句 主 语 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 Lucy is an American girl . We study in No.1 Middle School . 谓 语 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致 We love China . / She is singing . Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers . 表 语 说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ? We were at home last night . 宾 语 表示动词、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 He often helps me . / We study English at school. Did you see him yesterday ? 定 语 用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 The black bike is mine. / What’s your name, please ? We have four lessons in the morning ? 状 语 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。 People are all working hard. / It is very nice. We had a meeting this afternoon . 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类词有：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let等。 He made me very angry. I find him a good boy . 二、基本句型 基本句型包括简单句的五个基本句型和there be句型。 所谓简单句就是由一个主语(包括并列主语) 和一个谓语(包括并列谓语)组成的句子, 即一个主谓关系的句子。 基本句型： 1、主＋谓 He studies very hard. 他学习非常努力 2. 主＋谓＋宾 We enjoy sports. 我们喜欢运动 3. 主＋谓＋双宾 Sports bring me happiness.运动给我带来快乐。 4. 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补 Exercise makes me healthy.运动使我健康。 5. 主＋系＋表 Exercise is very beneficial.运动益处多多。 6. There be句型 There are three reasons why I like it.我喜欢它有三个原因。 特别提醒： 根据阅卷的情况, 考生写句子最易犯的错是：不用be时却用了, 或者该用be时却没用。因此, 我们须注意： (1)英语句子通常要有谓语动词, 否则就不完整。如表达“他很累”, 不能说He very tired.而要说He is very tired.因为tired是形容词,句中无动词。切记：当句子意思完整, 但句中没有动词时, 一定要加上be。 (2)当句中已有谓语动词时, 若不是进行时态或被动语态, 一定不要再用be。如表达“他昨天来过这里”, 不能说He was came here yesterday.而要说He came here yesterday. 巩固练习： (一) 划出下列句中的宾语 1. My brother hasn't done his homework. 2. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. 3. How many new words did you learn last class? 4. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 5. They made him monitor of the class. 6. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. (二)划出下列句中的表语 1.The old man was feeling very tired. 2.The leaves have turned yellow. 3.Soon They all became interested in the subject. 4.She was the first to learn about it. (三) 划出下列句中的定语 1.They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. 2.What is your given name? 3.On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. 4.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 5.The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 6.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (四) 划出下列句中的宾语补足语 1.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading- room. 2.She found it difficult to do the work. 3.They call me Lily sometimes. 4.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. 5.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (五) 划出下列句中的状语 1.There was a big smile on her face. 2.Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 3.He began to learn English when he was eleven. 4.The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. 5.With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. 6.She loves the library because she loves books. 7.I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. 8.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. （六） 单句训练。（按句型翻译）、 主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ） 1她昨天很晚回家。 ___________________________________________________ 2太阳每天清晨从东边升起。___________________________________________________ 主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ） 1昨晚我写了一封信。 ___________________________________________________ 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 ___________________________________________________ 3我爸爸总是煮美味的晚餐。___________________________________________________ 主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ） 1 一天的工作后，我感到非常疲倦。 ___________________________________________________ 2 在秋天，树叶通常会变黄。 ___________________________________________________ 双宾语结构 （主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ） 1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 ___________________________________________________ 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_______________________________________________ 复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ） 1我们叫她Alice. ___________________________________________________ 2每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。________________________________________________ 3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。___________________________________________________ 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$