Unit 8 Safe and sound 单词表增量讲解 2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义按课本单词表顺序系统构建“安全”主题词汇体系，通过表格化呈现每个单词的词性、翻译、同义词、固定搭配及情境例句，清晰梳理“safe and sound”等核心短语与“emergency”“accident”等重点词汇的内在联系，突出安全场景词汇网络的重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于情境化例句设计与词汇关联策略，如“Call 911 in case of emergency”培养语言运用能力，通过“sound”与“healthy”“damaged”的同义反义对比提升思维品质。每个词汇配套“emergency exit”等固定搭配，基础学生可掌握基础用法，优秀学生能深入词义辨析，为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供系统支持。

2024新译林版 初中英语八上 Unit 8 Safe and sound 单词表增量讲解 （按照课本 单词表 排序） 依据【2022新课标】 sound /saʊnd/ 词性: adj. 翻译: 健康的；无损伤的 同义词: - healthy (adj. 健康的) - intact (adj. 完好的) 反义词: - damaged (adj. 受损的) 固定搭配: - safe and sound (安然无恙) - sound sleep (酣睡) 例句: After the storm, all the passengers were safe and sound. (暴风雨过后，所有乘客都安然无恙。) emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ 词性: n. 翻译: 紧急情况 同义词: - crisis (n. 危机) 派生词: - emergent (adj. 紧急的) 固定搭配: - emergency exit (紧急出口) - state of emergency (紧急状态) 例句: Call 911 in case of emergency. (遇到紧急情况请拨打911。) situation /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ 词性: n. 翻译: 情况 同义词: - circumstance (n. 情况) 固定搭配: - current situation (现状) - dangerous situation (危险情况) 例句: The firefighters quickly assessed the situation. (消防员迅速评估了现场情况。) lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ 词性: n. 翻译: 闪电 派生词: - lightning-fast (adj. 闪电般的) 固定搭配: - lightning strike (雷击) - thunder and lightning (雷电交加) 例句: The tree was split by lightning. (那棵树被闪电劈开了。) office /ˈɒfɪs/ 词性: n. 翻译: 办公室；办公楼 派生词: - officer (n. 官员) 固定搭配: - post office (邮局) - office building (办公楼) 例句: She works in a downtown office. (她在市中心的办公室工作。) homeless /ˈhəʊmləs/ 词性: adj. 翻译: 无家可归的 同义词: - displaced (adj. 流离失所的) 派生词: - homelessness (n. 无家可归) 固定搭配: - homeless shelter (收容所) 例句: The typhoon left many families homeless. (台风让许多家庭无家可归。) coach /kəʊtʃ/ 词性: n. 翻译: 长途汽车 同义词: - bus (n. 公交车) 固定搭配: - coach station (长途汽车站) 例句: We took an overnight coach to Paris. (我们乘夜班长途汽车去巴黎。) road /rəʊd/ 词性: n. 翻译: 道路 同义词: - street (n. 街道) 派生词: - roadside (n. 路边) 固定搭配: - main road (主干道) - road accident (交通事故) 例句: The road was blocked by fallen trees. (道路被倒下的树木堵住了。) accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ 词性: n. 翻译: 事故 同义词: - crash (n. 撞车事故) 派生词: - accidental (adj. 意外的) 固定搭配: - car accident (车祸) - by accident (偶然) 例句: Two people were injured in the accident. (事故中有两人受伤。) typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ 词性: n. 翻译: 台风 同义词: - hurricane (n. 飓风) 固定搭配: - typhoon warning (台风预警) 例句: The typhoon caused severe flooding. (台风引发了严重洪灾。) state /steɪt/ 词性: n. 翻译: 状态；情况 同义词: - condition (n. 状况) 固定搭配: - state of emergency (紧急状态) - solid state (固态) 例句: The building was in a terrible state after the fire. (火灾后大楼损毁严重。) fireman /ˈfaɪəmən/ (复数 firemen /ˈfaɪəmen/) 词性: n. 翻译: 消防员 同义词: - firefighter (n. 消防员) 例句: The firemen rescued three children from the burning house. (消防员从着火房屋中救出三名儿童。) traffic /ˈtræfɪk/ 词性: n. 翻译: 交通 派生词: - traffic jam (交通堵塞) 固定搭配: - heavy traffic (交通拥堵) - traffic rules (交通规则) 例句: The accident caused major traffic delays. (事故导致交通严重延误。) terrible /ˈterəbl/ 词性: adj. 翻译: 可怕的 同义词: - awful (adj. 糟糕的) 反义词: - wonderful (adj. 极好的) 派生词: - terribly (adv. 非常) 固定搭配: - terrible storm (可怕的风暴) 例句: We experienced terrible weather during the trip. (旅途中我们遇到了恶劣天气。) slight /slaɪt/ 词性: adj. 翻译: 轻微的 同义词: - minor (adj. 轻微的) 反义词: - serious (adj. 严重的) 派生词: - slightly (adv. 轻微地) 固定搭配: - slight injury (轻伤) 例句: He suffered only slight burns in the fire. (他在火灾中仅受轻微烧伤。) shake /ʃeɪk/ 词性: v. & n. 翻译: - v. 摇动 - n. 震动 同义词: - tremble (v. 颤抖) 派生词: - shaky (adj. 摇晃的) 固定搭配: - shake hands (握手) - earthquake shake (地震震动) 例句: ① The explosion shook the entire building. (爆炸震动了整栋大楼。) ② She gave the bottle a good shake. (她用力摇晃瓶子。) thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ 词性: n. 翻译: 雷声 派生词: - thunderstorm (n. 雷暴) 固定搭配: - loud thunder (响雷) 例句: The thunder rumbled in the distance. (远处雷声隆隆。) bomb /bɒm/ 词性: n. 翻译: 炸弹 派生词: - bomber (n. 轰炸机) 固定搭配: - nuclear bomb (核弹) 例句: The police safely detonated the bomb. (警方安全引爆了炸弹。) shout /ʃaʊt/ 词性: v. & n. 翻译: 呼喊 同义词: - yell (v. 叫喊) 反义词: - whisper (v. 低语) 固定搭配: - shout for help (呼救) - angry shout (愤怒的喊叫) 例句: ① "Watch out!" he shouted. ("小心！"他喊道。) ② We heard shouts coming from the street. (我们听到街上传来喊叫声。) fear /fɪə(r)/ 词性: n. 翻译: 恐惧 同义词: - terror (n. 恐怖) 反义词: - courage (n. 勇气) 派生词: - fearful (adj. 害怕的) 固定搭配: - in fear (恐惧地) - overcome fear (克服恐惧) 例句: The child clung to his mother in fear during the storm. (暴风雨中，孩子害怕地紧抱母亲。) in fear 翻译: 恐惧地 同义词: - fearfully (adv. 害怕地) 例句: The villagers waited in fear as the typhoon approached. (台风逼近时，村民们恐惧地等待着。) direction /dɪˈrekʃn/ 词性: n. 翻译: 方向 同义词: - orientation (n. 方位) 派生词: - directional (adj. 方向的) 固定搭配: - in all directions (四处) - sense of direction (方向感) 例句: After the explosion, people ran in all directions. (爆炸后，人们四处奔逃。) brick /brɪk/ 词性: n. 翻译: 砖 派生词: - bricklayer (n. 砌砖工人) 固定搭配: - brick wall (砖墙) - red brick (红砖) 例句: The house was built with traditional bricks. (这房子是用传统砖块建造的。) silent /ˈsaɪlənt/ 词性: adj. 翻译: 安静的 同义词: - quiet (adj. 安静的) 反义词: - noisy (adj. 吵闹的) 派生词: - silence (n. 寂静) 固定搭配: - silent night (寂静的夜晚) - keep silent (保持沉默) 例句: The library was completely silent. (图书馆里鸦雀无声。) if /ɪf/ 词性: conj. 翻译: 是否；如果 同义词: - whether (是否) 固定搭配: - even if (即使) - as if (好像) 例句: ① I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. (我想知道明天是否会下雨。) ② If you hurry, you'll catch the bus. (如果你快点，就能赶上公交车。) nervous /ˈnɜːvəs/ 词性: adj. 翻译: 焦虑的；胆怯的 同义词: - anxious (adj. 焦虑的) 反义词: - calm (adj. 冷静的) 派生词: - nervously (adv. 紧张地) 固定搭配: - nervous system (神经系统) - feel nervous (感到紧张) 例句: She was nervous before her speech. (演讲前她很紧张。) beat /biːt/ 词性: v. 翻译: - (使)规律作响 - 击打 同义词: - strike (v. 敲击) 派生词: - heartbeat (n. 心跳) 固定搭配: - beat the drum (打鼓) - beat fast (快速跳动) 例句: ① His heart was beating wildly. (他的心脏剧烈跳动。) ② She beat the dust out of the carpet. (她拍打地毯上的灰尘。) say to oneself 翻译: 暗想；自言自语 同义词: - think to oneself (暗自想) 例句: "I can do this," he said to himself. ("我能行，"他暗自想道。) calm /kɑːm/ 词性: v. & adj. 翻译: - v. (使)平静 - adj. 冷静的 同义词: - soothe (v. 安抚) 反义词: - agitate (v. 使激动) 固定搭配: - calm down (冷静下来) - calm sea (平静的海面) 例句: ① The mother calmed her crying baby. (母亲安抚哭闹的婴儿。) ② She remained calm during the crisis. (危机中她保持冷静。) since /sɪns/ 词性: conj. 翻译: 因为；既然 同义词: - because (因为) 固定搭配: - ever since (从那以后) 例句: Since you're here, let's begin the meeting. (既然你来了，我们开始会议吧。) weak /wiːk/ 词性: adj. 翻译: 虚弱的 同义词: - feeble (adj. 虚弱的) 反义词: - strong (adj. 强壮的) 派生词: - weakness (n. 虚弱) 固定搭配: - weak voice (微弱的声音) - feel weak (感到虚弱) 例句: After the illness, his legs were still weak. (病后他的双腿仍然无力。) voice /vɔɪs/ 词性: n. 翻译: 嗓音 同义词: - tone (n. 音调) 派生词: - voiceless (adj. 无声的) 固定搭配: - loud voice (大声) - raise one's voice (提高嗓门) 例句: Her voice trembled with emotion. (她的声音因激动而颤抖。) except /ɪkˈsept/ 词性: prep. 翻译: 除...之外 同义词: - excluding (prep. 不包括) 反义词: - including (prep. 包括) 固定搭配: - except for (除了) 例句: Everyone was present except Tom. (除了汤姆，所有人都到了。) smoke /sməʊk/ 词性: n. 翻译: 烟 派生词: - smoky (adj. 烟雾弥漫的) 固定搭配: - thick smoke (浓烟) - smoke detector (烟雾报警器) 例句: Black smoke rose from the burning building. (黑烟从燃烧的大楼升起。) burn /bɜːn/ 词性: v. 翻译: - vi. 着火 - v. (使)烧毁 同义词: - scorch (v. 烧焦) 派生词: - burner (n. 燃烧器) 固定搭配: - burn down (烧毁) - burn marks (烧伤痕迹) 例句: ① The candle burned all night. (蜡烛燃了一整夜。) ② She burned her hand on the stove. (她的手被炉子烫伤了。) put out 翻译: 扑灭 同义词: - extinguish (v. 熄灭) 例句: The firefighters put out the forest fire. (消防员扑灭了森林大火。) heavily /ˈhevɪli/ 词性: adv. 翻译: 大量地 同义词: - intensely (adv. 剧烈地) 反义词: - lightly (adv. 轻微地) 固定搭配: - rain heavily (下大雨) - heavily damaged (严重损坏) 例句: It snowed heavily last winter. (去年冬天下大雪。) guess /ɡes/ 词性: v. 翻译: 猜测 同义词: - speculate (v. 推测) 派生词: - guesswork (n. 猜测) 固定搭配: - make a guess (猜测) 例句: Can you guess how old I am? (你能猜出我多大吗？) hat /hæt/ 词性: n. 翻译: (带檐的)帽子 同义词: - cap (n. 帽子) 固定搭配: - sun hat (遮阳帽) - take off one's hat (脱帽) 例句: He tipped his hat politely. (他礼貌地轻触帽檐致意。) clear /klɪə(r)/ 词性: vt. 翻译: 清除 同义词: - remove (v. 移除) 反义词: - block (v. 堵塞) 固定搭配: - clear the table (收拾桌子) - clear one's throat (清嗓子) 例句: Workers cleared the road after the landslide. (工人们清理了滑坡后的道路。) policeman /pəˈliːsmən/ (复数 policemen) 词性: n. 翻译: (男)警察 同义词: - officer (n. 警官) 例句: The policeman directed traffic at the intersection. (警察在十字路口指挥交通。) ache /eɪk/ 词性: n. & v. 翻译: 疼痛 同义词: - pain (n. 疼痛) 派生词: - headache (n. 头痛) 固定搭配: - stomach ache (胃痛) - ache all over (浑身疼) 例句: ① My back aches after gardening. (园艺后我背疼。) ② She had a terrible toothache. (她牙疼得厉害。) postman /ˈpəʊstmən/ (复数 postmen) 词性: n. 翻译: 邮递员 同义词: - mail carrier (邮递员) 例句: The postman delivers letters rain or shine. (邮递员风雨无阻地送信。) airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ 词性: n. 翻译: 机场 派生词: - airport terminal (航站楼) 固定搭配: - international airport (国际机场) 例句: We arrived at the airport two hours early. (我们提前两小时到达机场。) passport /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ 词性: n. 翻译: 护照 固定搭配: - passport control (护照检查) 例句: Don't forget to bring your passport when traveling abroad. (出国旅行别忘了带护照。) report /rɪˈpɔːt/ 词性: v. & n. 翻译: - v. 报道；汇报 - n. 报告 同义词: - document (v. 记录) 派生词: - reporter (n. 记者) 固定搭配: - news report (新闻报道) - report an accident (报告事故) 例句: ① The journalist reported on the disaster. (记者报道了这场灾难。) ② She submitted her monthly report. (她提交了月度报告。) bush fire /ˈbʊʃ faɪə(r)/ 词性: n. 翻译: 山林大火 同义词: - wildfire (n. 野火) 例句: Bush fires destroyed thousands of acres of forest. (山林大火烧毁了数千英亩森林。) so far 翻译: 迄今为止 同义词: - up to now (到目前为止) 例句: So far, no injuries have been reported. (截至目前，尚无伤亡报告。) including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ 词性: prep. 翻译: 包括...在内 同义词: - containing (包含) 反义词: - excluding (不包括) 例句: Ten people, including two children, were rescued. (包括两名儿童在内的十人获救。) sign /saɪn/ 词性: n. 翻译: 标牌 同义词: - notice (n. 告示) 派生词: - signature (n. 签名) 固定搭配: - road sign (路标) - warning sign (警示牌) 例句: The sign says "No Swimming". (牌子上写着"禁止游泳"。) avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ 词性: vt. 翻译: 避免 同义词: - evade (v. 逃避) 反义词: - face (v. 面对) 派生词: - avoidable (adj. 可避免的) 固定搭配: - avoid danger (避开危险) 例句: We took a detour to avoid the traffic jam. (我们绕道避开堵车。) wound /wuːnd/ 词性: n. 翻译: 伤口 同义词: - injury (n. 受伤) 派生词: - wounded (adj. 受伤的) 固定搭配: - gunshot wound (枪伤) 例句: The nurse cleaned the soldier's wounds. (护士清理了士兵的伤口。) bleed /bliːd/ 词性: vi. 翻译: 流血 派生词: - bleeding (n. 出血) 固定搭配: - bleed heavily (大量出血) 例句: His nose started to bleed after the punch. (挨了一拳后，他的鼻子开始流血。) press /pres/ 词性: v. 翻译: 按，压 同义词: - push (v. 推) 派生词: - pressure (n. 压力) 固定搭配: - press the button (按按钮) 例句: Press this key to turn on the computer. (按此键开机。) tidal wave /ˈtaɪdl weɪv/ 词性: n. 翻译: 海啸 同义词: - tsunami (n. 海啸) 例句: The coastal town was destroyed by a tidal wave. (海滨小镇被海啸摧毁。) warn /wɔːn/ 词性: v. 翻译: 警告 同义词: - alert (v. 警示) 派生词: - warning (n. 警告) 固定搭配: - warn against (警告不要) 例句: The weather service warned of approaching storms. (气象部门警告风暴即将来临。) disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ 词性: vi. 翻译: 消失 同义词: - vanish (v. 消失) 反义词: - appear (v. 出现) 派生词: - disappearance (n. 消失) 固定搭配: - disappear suddenly (突然消失) 例句: The sun disappeared behind the clouds. (太阳消失在云层后。) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$