09.Unit 2 Safety（主题阅读）-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固（北师大版2024）

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024) Unit 2 Safety主题阅读 必备知识清单 人与自社会：文化遗产 一、阅读主题 在我们的生活中，安全问题无处不在，它涵盖了生活的方方面面，如交通安全、校园安全、家庭安全以及应对自然灾害时的安全等。了解并掌握安全知识对于八年级的学生至关重要，它不仅能帮助我们在日常生活中保护自己，还能让我们在面对突发危险时保持冷静，采取正确的应对措施。 1. 主题内涵：安全主题旨在让学生了解各种可能面临的危险情况，并掌握相应的预防和应对方法。例如，在交通安全方面，要知道在过马路时应使用人行横道 “Use the crosswalk when crossing the road”，并且遵守交通信号灯 “Obey the traffic lights”。在校园安全中，不追逐打闹 “Don't run and play around in the schoolyard”，避免在楼梯间拥挤 “Avoid crowding on the stairs”。 2. 素养体现：通过学习安全主题的内容，学生能够提升多种素养。语言素养上，学会用英语准确表达安全规则和应对措施；思维素养方面，能够分析不同危险场景下的应对策略，培养逻辑思维。如在分析火灾发生时，思考为什么要弯腰前行 “Why should we walk with our bodies bent during a fire”，从而明白烟雾上升的原理。社会素养上，学生能增强自我保护意识，同时关心他人安全，比如在公共场所提醒他人注意安全 “Remind others to pay attention to safety in public places”。 3. 策略要求：阅读安全相关文本时，学生需要运用多种阅读策略。首先是预测策略，看到标题 “How to Stay Safe in an Earthquake”，可以预测文章会讲述地震发生时室内和室外的安全做法。然后是略读策略，快速浏览文章，了解文章大意，如文章是关于家庭安全还是交通安全等。精读策略也很关键，仔细研读文本，理解具体的安全规则和应对细节，像 “When cooking, keep flammable items away from the stove” 中对烹饪时安全注意事项的描述。 4. 文化品质：不同文化背景下，安全意识和应对方式可能存在差异。例如，一些国家在地震应对方面有独特的社区演练和家庭应急准备文化。学习安全主题，能让学生尊重不同文化中的安全理念，拓宽国际视野，培养跨文化交流意识。同时，树立生命至上的价值观，在任何情况下都将安全放在首位。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 交通安全类：traffic（交通），traffic light（交通信号灯），crosswalk（人行横道），sidewalk（人行道），pedestrian（行人），vehicle（车辆），car（汽车），bus（公交车），bike（自行车），motorcycle（摩托车），drive（驾驶），ride（骑行），cross（穿过），turn（转弯），stop（停止），go（通行），speed（速度），accident（事故），crash（碰撞） 校园安全类：schoolyard（校园），playground（操场），classroom（教室），stair（楼梯），corridor（走廊），crowd（人群），push（推），pull（拉），chase（追逐），fight（打架），fall（摔倒），injure（受伤），first aid（急救），emergency（紧急情况） 家庭安全类：home（家），kitchen（厨房），living room（客厅），bedroom（卧室），bathroom（浴室），fire（火），stove（炉子），electricity（电），plug（插头），socket（插座），knife（刀），scissors（剪刀），ladder（梯子），lock（锁），window（窗户），door（门） 自然灾害安全类：earthquake（地震），volcano（火山），tsunami（海啸），flood（洪水），storm（暴风雨），hurricane（飓风），typhoon（台风），shelter（避难所），evacuate（疏散），safe（安全的），dangerous（危险的） 2. 主题句式 交通安全句式： When you cross the road, you should look both ways.（当你过马路时，应该两边看。） It's important to wear a helmet when riding a bike.（骑自行车时戴头盔很重要。） Don't drive after drinking alcohol.（不要酒后驾车。） Always follow the traffic rules.（始终遵守交通规则。） The traffic lights turn green, so you can go now.（交通灯变绿了，你现在可以走了。） Wait for the pedestrians to cross before you turn.（转弯前等待行人通过。） Slow down when approaching a crosswalk.（接近人行横道时减速。） 校园安全句式： Running in the corridor is not allowed.（不允许在走廊里奔跑。） We should keep the stairs clear.（我们应该保持楼梯畅通。） If someone gets injured, call the school nurse immediately.（如果有人受伤，立即叫学校护士。） Don't play with sharp objects in the classroom.（不要在教室里玩尖锐物品。） Keep your hands to yourself and don't push others.（管好自己的手，不要推别人。） It's dangerous to stand on the edge of the playground equipment.（站在操场设备边缘很危险。） Follow the teacher's instructions during physical education class.（体育课上听从老师的指令。） 家庭安全句式： Never leave the stove unattended when cooking.（做饭时绝不要让炉子无人看管。） Make sure to turn off the lights before going out.（出门前确保关灯。） Keep medicines out of children's reach.（把药放在孩子够不到的地方。） Check the electrical appliances regularly for safety.（定期检查电器的安全性。） If there is a fire, use a fire extinguisher to put it out.（如果发生火灾，用灭火器灭火。） Lock the doors and windows before going to bed.（睡觉前锁好门窗。） Be careful when using scissors and knives.（使用剪刀和刀时要小心。） 自然灾害安全句式： In case of an earthquake, hide under a sturdy table.（万一发生地震，躲在坚固的桌子下面。） When a flood comes, move to higher ground.（洪水来临时，转移到高处。） During a storm, stay away from windows.（暴风雨期间，远离窗户。） If there is a hurricane warning, stay indoors.（如果有飓风警报，待在室内。） Evacuate immediately if you hear the emergency siren.（如果你听到紧急警报，立即疏散。） The best place to take shelter during a typhoon is in a basement.（台风期间最好的避难场所是地下室。） Keep emergency supplies ready in case of natural disasters.（为应对自然灾害，准备好应急物资。） 三、阅读策略 1. 预测策略：在阅读安全主题文章前，根据标题、图片等信息预测文章内容。比如看到文章标题 “Safety Measures at School”，学生可以预测文章可能会提到校园内不同场所如教室、操场、实验室的安全措施，以及课间活动、体育课等方面的安全注意事项。这样可以激发学生的阅读兴趣，使他们在阅读过程中更有针对性地寻找信息，验证自己的预测是否正确。 2. 略读策略：快速浏览文章，包括标题、副标题、段落首句和尾句、图片及图表等。对于一篇关于家庭火灾安全的文章，通过略读可以了解到文章主要讲述了火灾发生的原因、预防方法以及发生火灾时的应对措施等大致内容。这有助于学生在短时间内把握文章的整体框架和核心要点，确定文章是否值得深入阅读。 3. 精读策略：仔细阅读文章的每一个段落，理解每一句话的含义，分析句子结构和语法，关注细节信息。在阅读 “How to Stay Safe in a Fire” 这类文章时，精读能让学生明白在火灾中具体的行动步骤，如 “Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to avoid inhaling smoke” 中用湿毛巾捂住口鼻防止吸入烟雾这一重要细节。同时，通过精读可以学习到文章中关于安全知识的准确英语表达，提升语言能力。 4. 推理策略：根据文章中提供的信息进行推理和判断。例如，文章中提到 “In an earthquake, if you are in a high rise building, do not use the elevator”，学生可以推理出使用电梯在地震时可能存在危险，如电梯故障导致被困等。这种策略有助于培养学生的逻辑思维能力，让他们能够更深入地理解文章内容背后的原理和原因。 5. 总结策略：读完文章后，对文章的主要内容进行总结。对于一篇介绍多种自然灾害安全应对的文章，学生可以总结出不同灾害如地震、洪水、台风等各自的安全应对要点。这不仅能帮助学生巩固所学的安全知识，还能提高他们的归纳概括能力，使知识在脑海中更加系统化。 核心知识回顾 初中八年级英语阅读理解中与网络安全相关的阅读语篇类型等示例 一、语篇主题 网络安全在当今数字化时代至关重要，此类语篇聚焦于互联网环境下如何保障个人信息、设备及网络活动的安全，涉及网络威胁的类型、防护措施以及安全意识的培养等，旨在让学生了解网络安全知识，提升在网络世界的自我保护能力。 二、语篇类型 1.说明文 常详细阐述网络安全的概念，如解释什么是网络攻击、数据泄露等。通过列举数据、案例，像介绍某知名公司遭受网络攻击导致巨大损失的数据，使学生清晰认识网络安全问题的严重性。还会说明各类防护手段的原理，如防火墙如何阻挡未授权访问，帮助学生理解网络安全技术。例如： Cybersecurity is crucial in today’s digital age. A recent study shows that over 30% of small businesses experienced a cyber-attack last year. Hackers often use phishing emails to steal personal information. For example, they might send an email that looks like it’s from a bank, asking you to click a link and enter your login details. Firewalls act as a barrier, analyzing incoming network traffic and blocking unauthorized access. Understanding these concepts helps us protect our digital lives. 2.议论文 针对网络安全现象发表观点，比如讨论青少年是否应该在社交媒体上公开过多个人信息。会从正反两方面进行论证，一方观点可能是公开信息方便社交，另一方则强调易导致个人信息泄露，培养学生批判性思维。例如： Should teenagers share personal details on social media? Some argue that it helps build connections. Posting photos and updates can keep friends informed and strengthen relationships. However, others worry about privacy risks. Once information is online, it can be easily shared without consent. For instance, a simple “check-in” at a location might reveal your home address to strangers. Thus, we must balance the benefits and risks carefully. 3.记叙文 以故事形式呈现网络安全事件，如讲述某个学生因轻信网络陌生人，泄露个人信息后遭遇诈骗的经历，以生动情节吸引学生，让他们从故事中汲取教训，增强网络安全意识。例如： Last month, Lily received a message from someone claiming to be a famous fashion designer. The person offered her a modeling opportunity but needed her ID number and bank details first. Excited, Lily sent the information. A few days later, she found out her bank account had been emptied. This incident taught Lily a valuable lesson: never trust strangers online and always protect personal information. 三、常见话题 1.网络威胁 介绍恶意软件（malware），包括病毒（virus）、蠕虫（worm）、木马（Trojan horse），描述它们如何入侵计算机系统，导致数据丢失或设备瘫痪。讲述网络钓鱼（phishing）手段，如黑客伪装成银行发送邮件，诱使用户输入账号密码，从而盗取信息。 2.个人信息保护 强调个人信息如姓名（name）、地址（address）、电话号码（phone number）、身份证号（ID card number）等的重要性，教导学生不要随意在网上向陌生人透露这些信息，防止被不法分子利用。 3.密码安全 讲解强密码（strong password）的特征，要有足够长度（at least eight characters long），包含大小写字母（upper and lower case letters）、数字（numbers）和符号（symbols），避免使用生日（birthday）、宠物名字（pet's name）等容易猜测的信息作为密码，还会建议定期更换密码（change passwords regularly）。 4.网络社交安全 针对青少年热衷的社交媒体（social media），提醒他们谨慎添加好友（be careful when adding friends），不要轻易与陌生网友见面（never meet online strangers easily），因为有些看似友善的网友可能存在不良企图。 四、核心词汇 1.网络安全相关名词 cybersecurity：网络安全 cybercrime：网络犯罪 hacker：黑客 malware：恶意软件 data breach：数据泄露 2.网络设备与技术名词 firewall：防火墙 encryption：加密技术 router：路由器 3.网络活动及行为名词 phishing：网络钓鱼 social engineering：社会工程学（利用心理操控获取信息） authentication：认证 4.信息类名词 personal information：个人信息 sensitive information：敏感信息 password：密码 5.相关动词 protect：保护 safeguard：保卫，保护 prevent：预防，防止 hack：黑客攻击 steal：窃取 leak：泄露 verify：核实，验证 6.形容词 secure：安全的 vulnerable：易受攻击的，脆弱的 confidential：机密的，保密的 encrypted：加密的 五、常见表达 1.表示 “保护…… 免受……” protect... from... ：We should protect our personal information from being leaked.（我们应该保护个人信息不被泄露。） safeguard... against... ：Installing anti virus software can safeguard our computers against malware.（安装杀毒软件可以保护我们的电脑免受恶意软件侵害。） 2.建议类表达 It is important to... ：It is important to use strong passwords.（使用强密码很重要。） You'd better... ：You'd better not share your ID card number with strangers online.（你最好不要在网上与陌生人分享你的身份证号。） It is suggested that... ：It is suggested that we update our software regularly to prevent security risks.（建议我们定期更新软件以防范安全风险。） 3.描述危害或后果的表达 lead to ：Data breaches can lead to serious losses for companies.（数据泄露会给公司带来严重损失。） result in ：Clicking on unknown links may result in your device being infected with viruses.（点击未知链接可能导致你的设备感染病毒。） cause ：Cyberattacks can cause the breakdown of network systems.（网络攻击会导致网络系统瘫痪。） 4.条件假设表达 If... ：If you receive a suspicious email, don't click on the links in it.（如果你收到可疑邮件，不要点击里面的链接。） In case... ：In case your password is compromised, change it immediately.（万一你的密码被破解，立即更改。） 综合实战演练 1 The Internet is a good place to meet new people and find information. However, it’s important to be careful with the information you share and the people you communicate with online. The following can help you to stay safe. Think before posting things. It’s fun to share photos with your friends, but don’t post photos of yourself which strangers can get your personal information from. Make sure that only your friends can see your information or photos. ①Protect your personal information. We use passwords to enter a lot of websites, and we often need to register (登记) at those sites using personal information. But be careful! There are people online who want to steal your personal information. So make sure you don’t share your passwords with anyone. What’s more, choose passwords carefully and change them often. ②There are a lot of people communicating on the Internet. However, some people online are not so nice. If you receive emails from someone you don’t know, think carefully before you reply. And if someone invites you to meet somewhere, tell your parents about it before you make a decision. Be careful when you open attachments (附件). Someone you don’t know might send you an email with an attachment that has a computer virus (病毒). ③A virus can cause all kinds of trouble. It can stop your computer from working. So never open a file (文件) or message from anyone you don’t know! Be safe by hitting “delete (删除)” instead. ④So have fun when you use the Internet. But remember to stay safe. 1．Which is right when we share photos on the Internet? A．Telling our friends about the photos. B．Choosing some beautiful photos. C．Keeping information safe from strangers. D．Making sure that everyone can see the photos. 2．What should we do if we want to protect our personal information? A．Make difficult passwords. B．Write down the passwords in a notebook. C．Choose passwords carefully and never change them. D．Choose passwords carefully and often change them. 3．Where should we put the sentence “Think twice (再三考虑) before you communicate with strangers.”? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What’s this passage mainly about? A．What is the Internet? B．How to stay safe on the Internet. C．How to use the Internet. D．How to make friends on the Internet. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在互联网上保持安全的一些方法，包括分享照片、保护个人信息、与陌生人交流及处理附件时的注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据“It’s fun to share photos with your friends, but don’t post photos of yourself which strangers can get your personal information from. Make sure that only your friends can see your information or photos.”可知，在网上分享照片时，要确保个人信息不被陌生人获取，保证信息安全。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“So make sure you don’t share your passwords with anyone. What’s more, choose passwords carefully and change them often.”可知，为了保护个人信息，我们应该谨慎选择密码并经常更换密码。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“There are a lot of people communicating on the Internet. However, some people online are not so nice. If you receive emails from someone you don’t know, think carefully before you reply. And if someone invites you to meet somewhere, tell your parents about it before you make a decision.”可知，该部分主要讲与网上的人交流时要谨慎，“Think twice before you communicate with strangers.”（与陌生人交流前要再三考虑）与此内容相关，所以该句应放在②处。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“The Internet is a good place to meet new people and find information. However, it’s important to be careful with the information you share and the people you communicate with online. The following can help you to stay safe.”以及全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲的是如何在互联网上保证安全。故选B。 2 We can’t take our phones to school this term. If we take our phones to school, we have to give them to our teachers and the teachers keep them for us. We can’t take them into our classroom, either. Our teachers also tell us, “When you use the Internet at home or at the school’s computer room, you must remember the important things.” ▲Use the Internet when your parents tell you it is OK or you have to. ▲Remember not to tell others your name, home address or school name. ▲Never show your photos to others. ▲Do not meet people on the Internet or ask them to visit you. ▲Tell your parents if you read anything bad on the Internet. ▲Remember people on the Internet may cheat you. A “12-year-old girl” may be an old man! ▲Ask your parents to spend time with you, so you can show them what you like on the Internet. Li Lu, a 13-year-old girl, is talking with a person on WeChat now. They don’t know each other. What should Li Lu do? 5．If a student takes his phone to school, he must ________. A．take it to the classroom B．give it to his classmates C．let his teacher keep it for him D．use it when he wants 6．What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “cheat”? A．告诉 B．喜欢 C．讨好 D．欺骗 7．How can Li Lu answer when the person asks “May I visit you?”? A．I am sorry. I’m busy these days. B．Yes, I’m in No. 1 Middle School. C．Yes, my phone number is 250-9239. D．Yes, I live on Hangtian Road. 8．What’s the passage mainly about? A．How to make friends. B．How to use Internet properly. C．School rules. D．Meeting people. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了关于保护学生网络安全的一些建议。 5．细节理解题。根据“If we take our phones to school, we have to give them to our teachers and the teachers keep them for us.”可知，如果学生将手机带到学校，应交给老师保管。故选C。 6．词义猜测题。根据“A ‘12-year-old girl’ may be an old man!”可知，互联网上的人可能会“欺骗”你。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据“Li Lu, a 13-year-old girl, is talking with a person on WeChat now.”和“Do not meet people on the Internet or ask them to visit you.”可知，我们要拒绝网络上人的拜访，A选项“对不起，我这些天很忙”符合文章内容。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据“When you use the Internet at home or at the school’s computer room, you must remember the important things.”可知，文章主要介绍了网络安全的注意事项，即“如何正确使用网络”。故选B。 3 The 2023 China Cybersecurity (网络安全) Week started in Fuzhou, Fujian on September11 and ended on September 17. It tried to let people realize the importance of cybersecurity and help people learn how to keep themselves away from danger online. China has held the activity since 2014. During the week, people can take part in forums (论坛), online discussions and knowledge competitions to learn about cybersecurity. Feng Yi is a college teacher from Wenzhou, Zhejiang. He says that he often shares the knowledge of cybersecurity with his students. He tells them to be more careful while using the Internet. “Some students get into trouble because they know nothing about cybersecurity. The activity can help them a lot,” He says. Kong Yiyin is a mother of two boys from Guangdong. After watching the knowledge competition, she thinks her family are more careful about their personal information online now. They’ve set up more complicated passwords(更复杂的密码). “Holding the activity is quite necessary. From it, we’ve learned that we can never be too careful when dealing with cybersecurity problems,” She says. 9．When was the first China Cybersecurity Week? A．In 2013. B．In 2014. C．In 2020. D．In 2023. 10．What does Feng Yi think of China Cybersecurity Week? A．Helpful. B．Interesting. C．Simple. D．Popular. 11．What happened after Kong Yiyin watched the knowledge competition? A．She stopped using the Internet. B．She was more careful in tests. C．She had a competition with her family. D．She changed her passwords. 12．What can we learn from the passage ? A．The 2023 China Cybersecurity Week started on September 17. B．People can take part in different activities during the week. C．Feng Yi often shares the knowledge of cybersecurity with his family. D．Kong Yiyin thinks it is necessary to stop showing personal things online. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了2023年中国网络安全周的活动情况及其重要性。 9．细节理解题。根据“China has held the activity since 2014.”可知，中国网络安全周是从2014年开始举办的。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据“Some students get into trouble because they know nothing about cybersecurity. The activity can help them a lot”可知，冯毅认为中国网络安全周对学生很有帮助。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据“They’ve set up more complicated passwords(更复杂的密码). ”可知，她改变了密码。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据“During the week, people can take part in forums (论坛), online discussions and knowledge competitions to learn about cybersecurity.”可知，人们可以在一周内参加不同的活动。故选B。 4 Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you’re paying by sharing your personal data (数据). Then businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you target ads (定向广告). What happened to personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses who want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about customers. Data brokers collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow. And then, sell them to businesses. ________________? The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services. What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws to protect personal information. For example, a law in the United States says businesses must get parents’ permission (许可) to collect personal data from kids under 13. China’s law on personal information protection came into effect (生效) on November 1st, 2021. At the same time, we should try to protect our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it. 13．According to the passages, how can people use some apps for free? A．By sharing their personal data. B．By buying and using the data. C．By showing the target ads. D．By talking with friends. 14．According to the passage, which picture can describe how businesses show us target ads? A． B． C． D． 15．Which of the following can be put in the “________”? A．What are the people interested in B．Why do businesses show their ads C．Why do businesses want the data D．What are the new products 16．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．We should never let the apps get our own personal information. B．We should put a high value on personal information and protect it. C．All the countries have made the law on personal information protection. D．China should make the same law on personal information as America. 17．Who’s the passage written for? A．Businessmen. B．All the readers. C．Data brokers. D．Parents. 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．B 17．B 【解析】本文由APP上呈现的广告引出我们的个人信息被企业收集和贩卖，进而提出我们应该高度重视和保护个人信息。 13．细节理解题。根据“Well, instead of paying with money, you’re paying by sharing your personal data (数据).”可知，通过分享你的个人数据来免费使用一些软件，故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“Data brokers collect your data—everything from your name, ... And then, sell them to businesses.”可知，用户使用那些应用软件，数据分析员收集你的所有数据，然后把它们卖给企业，企业再定投广告，故选B。 15．推理判断题。根据“It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services.”可知，此段落主要讲述了企业为什么需要这些数据，C选项符合语境。故选C。 16．细节理解题。根据“In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it.”可知，我们要重视个人信息，要去保护个人信息，故选B。 17．推理判断题。根据“If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying ‘No’ first. In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it.”可知，本文主要讲述了为什么用户能够免费使用应用程序，因此对象是全部读者，故选B。 5 ①Did you know that when you surf the web, websites in some countries put secret software on your computer? The software collects a large amount of information about you and sends it to internet companies. The Internet companies sell it to other businesses. Your personal information can also be gathered from social media sites. There are many ways your information can be used. ②First, companies collect your information and record all your online habits. They find out where you live, what websites you visit and what you do online. With this information, they can guess other things about you. For example, they can guess if you are a male or female, how old you are and your interests. The companies use this information to decide which ads are best for you. Two people can go to the same website, but they will see different ads. For example, someone who likes sports could see ads for trainers, and someone who likes films might see ads for a film. ③Your personal information could also be sold. Some companies collect information, so they can sell it to other businesses. A business that collects and sells personal information is called a data broker. When data brokers sell your information, a lot of different companies will know your online habits. Then the companies will advertise products from other websites to you. ④Another way your personal information can be collected is through social media. When your information is on social media, a lot of people can see it. Even if you don’t use social media, a friend might post a picture or video of you with your name on it. Pictures and videos can be shared for free on social media, which is one of the great advantages. However, that same act of sharing could be a problem for your own security (安全). If someone knows too much about you, they steal (偷窃) your identity. Then they can buy things online and post messages while pretending (假装) to be you. ⑤_________. The law is finally changing when it comes to technology. In the European Union, for example, they have introduced the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This rule means that internet users can now ask companies to show them what information they have about them and even make them delete it. If other countries do the same, the internet could soon be a much safer place. 18．According to Paragraph 2, what will the companies find by collecting your information? a. age and hobbies    b. online activities    c. address    d. job A．b. c. d. B．a. b. d. C．a. c. d. D．a. b. c. 19．Your personal information can be directly collected through the following EXCEPT _________. A．social media B．websites C．the government D．secret software 20．Which of the following statements is WRONG? A．Data brokers can make money by selling personal information to other businesses. B．No one can get your information if your friend posts a video of you with your name on it. C．According to GDPR, we can ask companies to delete our personal information they have collected online. D．Different people can see different ads on the same website because their online habits have been gathered. 21．Which sentence is the most suitable for the beginning of the last paragraph? A．However, it’s not all bad news. B．Anyway, every coin has two sides. C．Actually, different people have different opinions. D．Indeed, people believe things are changing for the worse. 22．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】18．D 19．C 20．B 21．A 22．B 【解析】本文是说明文。主要讲了个人信息被多种方式收集和利用，可能导致的后果。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“They find out where you live, what websites you visit and what you do online...they can guess if you are a male or female, how old you are and your interests”可知，公司通过收集你的信息，可以推测出你的年龄和爱好、你的在线活动以及你的地址。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据第一段“when you surf the web, websites in some countries put secret software on your computer...Your personal information can also be gathered from social media sites”可知，个人信息可以通过社交媒体、网站和秘密软件直接收集到，而没有提到通过政府直接收集个人信息。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据第四段“ a friend might post a picture or video of you with your name on it. Pictures and videos can be shared for free on social media...However, that same act of sharing could be a problem for your own security”可知，即使你不使用社交媒体，朋友可能会发布带有你名字的照片或视频，很多人可以看到你的信息。所以即使朋友发布了带有你名字的视频，也有人可能会获取你的信息。B选项错误。故选B。 21．推理判断题。根据“The law is finally changing when it comes to technology...If other countries do the same, the internet could soon be a much safer place.”可知，法律在逐渐对技术做出反应，如果其他国家也这样做，互联网很快就会成为一个安全得多的地方。这些都是好的方面。选项A“然而，这并不全是坏消息”符合语境。故选A。 22．篇章结构题。根据第一段“Did you know that when you surf the web, websites in some countries put secret software on your computer?”可知，第1段引出现象；第二段“First...”、第三段“Your personal information could also be sold”和第四段“Your personal information could also be sold”可知，第2段至第4段分别介绍不同的信息收集途径及影响；第五段“The law is finally changing when it comes to technology”可知，第5段引出法律法规的改善。故选B。 6 Do you argue with your parents about making your bed or cleaning your room? Are your parents angry because you use the Internet or play with your friends outside all the time? Even if your parents love you, you may fight with them at times. If your answers are yes, then our new Family App can help you a lot. With the Family App, students and parents look at family arguments from both sides and solve their problems together. Usually, kids who fight with their parents learn to get along with them in the end. The app gives you advice and helps you get on well with your parents. It also helps your parents to understand you better. How does it work? You read different kinds of problems and then choose an answer from different options (选项). The app tells you why the answer is the best and why the other options aren’t so good. For example, you’re preparing to go out with your friends, but your parents want you to visit your grandparents. Do you say “We always go there on the weekend. I’m going to play with my friends outside today.” or “OK! We can go there today, but I’d like to play with my friends outside tomorrow.” The first option doesn’t make you or your parents feel good, but the second option makes everyone happy. The Family App is very useful. It can help you live an easy life. Do you want to have one? 23．How does the writer start the passage in Paragraph 1? A．By showing a picture. B．By telling a story. C．By asking questions. D．By showing numbers. 24．Who gives you advice and helps you get on well with your parents? A．The family. B．The app. C．The grandparents. D．The kids. 25．How does the Family App work? ①Choose an answer from these options. ②The app shows why the answer is the best. ③Read different kinds of problems on the app. A．①②③ B．③②① C．③①② D．②③① 26．Which of the following is true according to the article? A．It helps family members understand each other better. B．It gives family ideas for free-time activities. C．It teaches children how to argue with others. D．It shows why people get angry. 27．Where may you read the passage? A．In a guidebook B．In a fashion magazine C．In a storybook D．In a science book 【答案】23．C 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款名为“家庭应用程序”的软件，该软件能帮助学生和家长从双方角度看待家庭矛盾并共同解决问题，还说明了其工作原理和作用。 23．细节理解题。根据“Do you argue with your parents about making your bed or cleaning your room? Are your parents angry because you use the Internet or play with your friends outside all the time?”可知，第一段通过提问的方式开始文章，故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“The app gives you advice and helps you get on well with your parents.”可知，这款应用程序会给你建议，帮助你与父母相处融洽，故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据“How does it work? You read different kinds of problems and then choose an answer from different options (选项).The app tells you why the answer is the best and why the other options aren’t so good.”可知，家庭应用程序的工作流程是：阅读不同的问题→从选项中选择答案→应用程序说明该答案是最佳的原因，即③①②，故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“With the Family App, students and parents look at family arguments from both sides and solve their problems together...It also helps your parents to understand you better.”可知，这款应用程序帮助家庭成员更好地理解彼此，故选A。 27．推理判断题。文章介绍的是一款有助于解决家庭矛盾的应用程序，与科技相关，可能在科学书籍中读到，故选D。 7 Big data (大数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns (模式) in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources (来源), such as information that comes from schools social media sites, companies, and governments. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer. Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra (额外的) help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice-cream. Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict (预测) if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others even if they have not done anything wrong. How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. Their ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people. 28．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By giving an example B．By telling a story C．By giving a definition (定义) D．By comparing (对比) the differences 29．How many ways can big data be used according to Paragraph 2? A．Four. B．Three. C．Five. D．Two. 30．One company uses weather information to ________. A．help children in need B．know when people will visit the hospital C．find out who rides the bus or train D．understand when people will need ice-cream 31．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Big data only can be used for good reasons. B．The government never uses big data. C．Big data can’t have any information. D．Big data can be used in schools. 32．This reading is about ________. A．what big data is and how it is used B．what schools and hospitals people like C．where important data is collected and stored (储存) D．how the government and companies think of big data 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．D 31．D 32．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了大数据是什么以及它是如何被使用的。 28．细节理解题。根据“Big data (大数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program”可知作者通过介绍大数据的概念开篇。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据“The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains...Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra (额外的) help in class...Companies use big data, too”可知政府使用大数据来了解有多少人乘坐公交车或火车；一些学校使用大数据来了解哪些孩子可能在课堂上需要额外的帮助；公司使用大数据来了解谁购买他们的产品。因此，第二段中提到了大数据的三种用途。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据“For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice-cream.”可知一家公司使用天气数据来预测人们何时会吃最多的冰淇淋，即了解人们何时会需要冰淇淋。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据“Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra (额外的) help in class”可知大数据可以在学校运用。故选D。 32．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了大数据是什么以及它是如何被使用的。故选A。 8 Computers can injure you. Most other injuries happen suddenly. For example, if you fall off a bicycle and break your arm, it happens very quickly. But computer injuries happen slowly. Your eyes Too much light can injure your eyes, so never sit too close to a computer screen. Your eyes should be at least 50 centimeters from the screen. Remember to look away from it sometimes. This gives your eyes a rest. When you use a computer, the window should be on your left or your right. If it is behind you, the light will reflect(反射) on the screen. If the windows are in front of you, the sun and the screen will both shine into your eyes. Your hands and wrists(手腕) Hand and wrist injuries can happen because the hands and wrists are moved in the same way hundreds of times. If you use a keyboard for a long time, follow these three rules: 1) Rest your wrists on something. 2) Keep your elbows at the same height as the keyboard. 3) Stop sometimes and exercise your hands, wrists and fingers in a different way. Your back Some people sit for many hours in front of a computer. If you sit in a wrong way, you can injure your back or your neck. So you should sit with your back straight. The top part of the screen should be in front of your eyes. Your forearms(前臂), wrists and hands should all be parallel to(与……平行) the floor. If you are sitting for a long time, get up every 30 minutes and exercise your arms, legs and neck. Enjoy your computer, but use it safely. 33．Why should the window be on your left or right while using a computer? A．Because if the window is in front of you, the light will reflect on the screen. B．Because the sun and the screen will shine into your eyes with the window in front of you. C．Because it is easy to look away from the screen and have a rest. D．Because too much light will go through the window behind you and hurt your eyes. 34．To protect your hands and wrists, you should ________. A．keep your elbows above the height of the keyboard B．keep your wrists hanging without touching anything C．keep your elbows below the height of the keyboard D．stop playing computer sometimes and exercise 35．Which of the following is true? A．Siting wrongly is only bad for your wrists and fingers. B．Your eyes should be at the same height as the top part of the screen. C．You should have a rest every two hours. D．You should sit in front of a screen and play computer for a long time. 36．Which is the best title of this passage? A．How to Use a Computer Safely B．How to Play Computer Games C．How to Protect Your Eyes D．Computers Are very Harmful 【答案】33．B 34．D 35．B 36．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了计算机可能造成的伤害，并提出了一些应对方法。 33．细节理解题。根据“If the windows are in front of you, the sun and the screen will both shine into your eyes.”可知如果窗户在你面前，阳光和屏幕都会照进你的眼睛。故选B。 34．细节理解题。根据“Stop sometimes and exercise your hands, wrists and fingers in a different way.”可知为了保护你的手和手腕，你应该有时停止玩电脑，锻炼你的手、手腕和手指。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据“The top part of the screen should be in front of your eyes. ”可知屏幕的顶部应该在你的眼睛前面，即你的眼睛应该与屏幕顶部的高度相同。故选B。 36．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了计算机可能造成的伤害，并提出了一些应对方法，以选项A“如何安全使用电脑”为标题最合适。故选A。 9 There was a terrible terrorist attack (袭击) in a music hall near Moscow (莫斯科), Russia on March 22. A reporter from Moscow Radio Station interviewed (采访) some people about it this morning. Reporter: What were you doing when you heard the terrorist attack in Moscow? I was busy with my homework when my father told me about it. He said the TV reporter reported four terrorists shot people with AK-47 guns (枪). That evening, lots of people went to the concert. So it caused lots of death. Peter—A student I was watching TV when I got a call from my police leader, then I drove there as quickly as I could. Together with my workmates, we had a serious gun fight with fighters, arresting (逮捕) two of them. Dave—A police officer We were having a meeting when we got the phone call at 10:00 p.m. We arrived at about 10:10 p.m. We tried our best to put out (扑灭) the fire in the music hall. It was really difficult because the terrorists used flammable liquid (易燃液体). We put out the fire at 3:00 a.m. Now we find more than 40 people died and it is not clear how many people are wounded (受伤). We think the number of death may rise (上升). Jeff—An official from the local government (当地政府官员). 37．We can know that Peter was ________ at the time of the terrorist attack. A．talking with his father B．watching TV C．doing his homework D．going to the concert 38．How did Dave know about the attack in Moscow? A．He watched the news on TV. B．He asked his workmates. C．He heard it on radio. D．His police leader told him about it. 39．The underlined (划线的) It refer to (指代的是) ________. A．the terrorist attack B．the meeting C．putting out the fire D．the music hall 40．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Peter learned about the news on TV. B．The fire lasted about 5 hours. C．Dave arrested two terrorists himself. D．Only 40 people were killed. 41．What’s the passage mainly about? A．How the terrorist attack took place. B．Who attacked the concert hall near Moscow. C．People’s opinions about the attack. D．What people were doing at the time of the attack. 【答案】37．C 38．D 39．C 40．B 41．D 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了恐怖袭击事件发生时，人们都在做什么。 37．细节理解题。根据“I was busy with my homework when my father told me about it.”可知，事件发生时，彼得正在做作业。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据“I was watching TV when I got a call from my police leader, then I drove there as quickly as I could.”可知，大卫接到了领导的电话，知道了这件事儿。故选D。 39．词句猜测题。根据“We tried our best to put out the fire in the music hall. It was really difficult because the terrorists used flammable liquid.”可知，因为使用了易燃液体，所以大火很难扑灭，由此可猜测It指代的是“扑灭大火”。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据“We were having a meeting when we got the phone call at 10:00 p.m. We arrived at about 10:10 p.m.”和“We put out the fire at 3:00 a.m.”可知，当地政府官员于晚上10点左右得知了此事，大火在凌晨3点被扑灭，共燃烧了约5个小时。故选B。 41．主旨大意题。根据“What were you doing when you heard the terrorist attack in Moscow?”可知，本文主要谈论了恐怖袭击事件发生时，人们都在做什么。故选D。 10 In February,2025,A police officer on the Kansas Highway Patrol (堪萨斯州公路巡逻队) stopped an SUV for driving too fast. What seemed like a normal traffic stop turned into something much more important. When the officer looked over the passengers’ information, he discovered something shocking—the man in the front seat was wanted for kidnapping (绑架) a 6-year-old girl in another state! The driver also had a dangerous criminal record. Inside the car, the officer noticed a little girl who looked about the same age as the missing child. When he asked her name, she gave a wrong answer, looking scared and worried. Seeing this, the kind officer spoke to her gently and patiently (耐心地). Finally, she told him her real name—she was the missing girl herself! With the help from another police officer who arrived quickly, the two criminals were arrested (逮捕) at once. The little girl was checked by doctors and, luckily, wasn’t hurt at all. The Kansas Highway Patrol later praised the officer for being so observant (机警的) and caring. Because of his good work, the poor little girl got back to her loving family after missing for a month. After the news was reported on TV, numbers of people came to know how police officers can help them in different ways. Several days later, a thank-you letter by the family of the missing girl also touched everyone’s heart. 42．What was the most likely reason the girl lied at first? A．She couldn’t remember her name. B．She didn’t want to go home. C．She wanted to protect the two men. D．The kidnappers made her do so. 43．Put these events in the correct order. a) The officer found the passenger was wanted for kidnapping. b) The SUV was stopped for driving too fast on the Kansas Highway. c) Both criminals were arrested with another officer’s help. d) The girl gave her real name after the officer gained her trust. A．abdc B．adcb C．bdac D．badc 44．Which is the best title for this passage? A．A Normal Stop Brings A Girl Home. B．Speeding Dangers on Highways. C．How to Be A Good Police Officer? D．How the Girl Got Lost. 45．What might the next paragraph talk about? A．Why the officer wanted to be a policeman. B．What the girl’s parents said to the officer. C．What price the criminals will have to pay. D．How to find missing kids in our life. 【答案】42．D 43．D 44．A 45．B 【解析】本文讲述了堪萨斯州公路巡逻队的一名警察在执行超速检查任务时，意外发现一辆SUV的前排乘客是跨州绑架6岁女孩的通缉犯。警察通过细心观察和耐心沟通，成功解救了被绑架的小女孩，两名罪犯被逮捕，小女孩平安回到家人身边，此事也引发公众对警察工作的关注与感激。 42．细节理解题。根据“the man in the front seat was wanted for kidnapping (绑架) a 6-year-old girl in another state! The driver also had a dangerous criminal record.”以及“When he asked her name, she gave a wrong answer, looking scared and worried. ”可知，文中提到女孩被绑架，面对警察时表现出害怕和担忧，她一开始说谎最可能是被绑架者胁迫。D选项“绑架者让她这么做”符合逻辑。故选D。 43．细节理解题。根据“A police officer on the Kansas Highway Patrol (堪萨斯州公路巡逻队) stopped an SUV for driving too fast.”、“Inside the car, the officer noticed a little girl who looked about the same age as the missing child.”、“Seeing this, the kind officer spoke to her gently and patiently (耐心地). Finally, she told him her real name—she was the missing girl herself!”和“With the help from another police officer who arrived quickly, the two criminals were arrested (逮捕) at once.”可知，首先是警察因SUV超速将其拦下（b）；然后警察发现前排乘客是绑架通缉犯（a）；接着警察耐心沟通让女孩说出真名（d）；最后在另一名警察协助下逮捕两名罪犯（c）。所以顺序是badc。故选D。 44．最佳标题题。通读原文可知，文章围绕警察一次看似平常的交通拦截，最终成功解救被绑架女孩展开。A 选项“一次平常的拦截让女孩回家”符合主旨。故选A。 45．推理判断题。根据“Several days later, a thank-you letter by the family of the missing girl also touched everyone’s heart.”可知，文章结尾提到失踪女孩家人的感谢信触动人心，接下来最有可能讲述女孩父母对警察说的话。B选项 “女孩的父母对警察说的话”符合题意。故选B。 11 The parents of a US boy were found guilty of involuntary manslaughter (过失杀人罪) because they didn’t stop their son from carrying out a school shooting in Michigan, US. They were sentenced (判刑) to 10 to 15 years in prison on April 9 while the boy was sentenced to life without parole (假释), according to The New York Times. This is the first time in the US that parents have been punished for what their child did in a mass shooting. Prosecutors (检察官) argued that the parents ignored clear signs of their son’s mental health problems and they even bought the gun he used in the 2021 attack. The boy was 15 years old when he killed four students and injured seven others at Oxford High School in Michigan. “Opportunities knocked over and over again, louder and louder, but it was ignored,” Judge Cheryl Matthews told the court. When kids do really bad things, like shootings, it makes people all over the world think about how to stop the tragedies from happening again. While most countries and regions have made 12 or 14 the lowest age for being held responsible for a crime, some tried to lower the age of criminal responsibility. In 2010, Denmark lowered its age from 15 to 14. But it didn’t stop 14-year-olds from committing crimes. Instead, punishment made it harder for them to go back to school. That led to worse behaviors and an increasing number of youths committing crimes again. So, two years later, Denmark put the lowest age of criminal responsibility back to 15 years old, The Paper reported. In Germany, the government focuses more on teaching and helping young people who commit crimes, rather than just punishing them. As noted in a 2018 paper published in the Justice Evaluation Journal, they try to educate and guide young people to live better lives, instead of just putting them in prison. 46．What are the reasons for the punishment of the boy’s parents? a. Teaching their son to shoot. b. Causing the boy’s mental health problems.     c. Providing the gun used in the shooting.     d. Not being responsible in bringing up their son.   A．ab B．ac C．bd D．cd 47．How might the judge feel according to her words in Paragraph 3? A．Bored and tired. B．Scared and nervous. C．Angry and upset. D．Stressed and worried. 48．What happened after Denmark lowered its age for criminal responsibility? A．Youths over 14 years old behaved better. B．There were fewer crimes by youths. C．More teenagers committed crimes again. D．Denmark lowered the age again. 49．What does Germany do to deal with the criminal behavior of young people? A．Avoid punishing them. B．Help young criminals improve. C．Put them in prison as long as possible. D．Give them money for a better life. 50．What is the passage mainly about? A．The causes of youth crime. B．The roles parents play in youths’ development. C．Governments’ responsibility for youth crime. D．Youth crime and governments’ ways of dealing with it. 【答案】46．D 47．C 48．C 49．B 50．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了青少年犯罪越来越多，世界各国都在努力避免青少年犯罪，以及几个国家对青少年犯罪的处理方式。 46．细节理解题。根据“Prosecutors argued that the parents ignored clear signs of their son’s mental health problems and they even bought the gun he used in the 2021 attack.”可知，这对父母给儿子提供了在射击中使用的枪，而且忽视儿子的心理健康问题，也就是抚养儿子不负责任，题干cd符合文章内容。故选D。 47．推理判断题。根据“Opportunities knocked over and over again, louder and louder, but it was ignored”可知，法官认为父母一次又一次地忽视儿子心理健康的问题，可见法官对父母的行为既愤怒又难过失望。故选C。 48．细节理解题。根据“In 2010, Denmark lowered its age from 15 to 14. But it didn’t stop 14-year-olds from committing crimes...an increasing number of youths committing crimes again.”可知，丹麦在降低刑事责任年龄后，更多的青少年再次犯罪。故选C。 49．细节理解题。根据“In Germany, the government focuses more on teaching and helping young people who commit crimes, rather than just punishing them...instead of just putting them in prison.”可知，德国政府更注重教育和帮助犯罪的青少年进步，让他们过上更好的生活，而不仅仅是关进监狱惩罚他们。故选B。 50．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了目前越来越多的青少年犯罪现象，以及几个国家政府对此现象的处理方式。故选D。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(北师大版2024) Unit 2 Safety主题阅读 必备知识清单 人与自社会：文化遗产 一、阅读主题 在我们的生活中，安全问题无处不在，它涵盖了生活的方方面面，如交通安全、校园安全、家庭安全以及应对自然灾害时的安全等。了解并掌握安全知识对于八年级的学生至关重要，它不仅能帮助我们在日常生活中保护自己，还能让我们在面对突发危险时保持冷静，采取正确的应对措施。 1. 主题内涵：安全主题旨在让学生了解各种可能面临的危险情况，并掌握相应的预防和应对方法。例如，在交通安全方面，要知道在过马路时应使用人行横道 “Use the crosswalk when crossing the road”，并且遵守交通信号灯 “Obey the traffic lights”。在校园安全中，不追逐打闹 “Don't run and play around in the schoolyard”，避免在楼梯间拥挤 “Avoid crowding on the stairs”。 2. 素养体现：通过学习安全主题的内容，学生能够提升多种素养。语言素养上，学会用英语准确表达安全规则和应对措施；思维素养方面，能够分析不同危险场景下的应对策略，培养逻辑思维。如在分析火灾发生时，思考为什么要弯腰前行 “Why should we walk with our bodies bent during a fire”，从而明白烟雾上升的原理。社会素养上，学生能增强自我保护意识，同时关心他人安全，比如在公共场所提醒他人注意安全 “Remind others to pay attention to safety in public places”。 3. 策略要求：阅读安全相关文本时，学生需要运用多种阅读策略。首先是预测策略，看到标题 “How to Stay Safe in an Earthquake”，可以预测文章会讲述地震发生时室内和室外的安全做法。然后是略读策略，快速浏览文章，了解文章大意，如文章是关于家庭安全还是交通安全等。精读策略也很关键，仔细研读文本，理解具体的安全规则和应对细节，像 “When cooking, keep flammable items away from the stove” 中对烹饪时安全注意事项的描述。 4. 文化品质：不同文化背景下，安全意识和应对方式可能存在差异。例如，一些国家在地震应对方面有独特的社区演练和家庭应急准备文化。学习安全主题，能让学生尊重不同文化中的安全理念，拓宽国际视野，培养跨文化交流意识。同时，树立生命至上的价值观，在任何情况下都将安全放在首位。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 交通安全类：traffic（交通），traffic light（交通信号灯），crosswalk（人行横道），sidewalk（人行道），pedestrian（行人），vehicle（车辆），car（汽车），bus（公交车），bike（自行车），motorcycle（摩托车），drive（驾驶），ride（骑行），cross（穿过），turn（转弯），stop（停止），go（通行），speed（速度），accident（事故），crash（碰撞） 校园安全类：schoolyard（校园），playground（操场），classroom（教室），stair（楼梯），corridor（走廊），crowd（人群），push（推），pull（拉），chase（追逐），fight（打架），fall（摔倒），injure（受伤），first aid（急救），emergency（紧急情况） 家庭安全类：home（家），kitchen（厨房），living room（客厅），bedroom（卧室），bathroom（浴室），fire（火），stove（炉子），electricity（电），plug（插头），socket（插座），knife（刀），scissors（剪刀），ladder（梯子），lock（锁），window（窗户），door（门） 自然灾害安全类：earthquake（地震），volcano（火山），tsunami（海啸），flood（洪水），storm（暴风雨），hurricane（飓风），typhoon（台风），shelter（避难所），evacuate（疏散），safe（安全的），dangerous（危险的） 2. 主题句式 交通安全句式： When you cross the road, you should look both ways.（当你过马路时，应该两边看。） It's important to wear a helmet when riding a bike.（骑自行车时戴头盔很重要。） Don't drive after drinking alcohol.（不要酒后驾车。） Always follow the traffic rules.（始终遵守交通规则。） The traffic lights turn green, so you can go now.（交通灯变绿了，你现在可以走了。） Wait for the pedestrians to cross before you turn.（转弯前等待行人通过。） Slow down when approaching a crosswalk.（接近人行横道时减速。） 校园安全句式： Running in the corridor is not allowed.（不允许在走廊里奔跑。） We should keep the stairs clear.（我们应该保持楼梯畅通。） If someone gets injured, call the school nurse immediately.（如果有人受伤，立即叫学校护士。） Don't play with sharp objects in the classroom.（不要在教室里玩尖锐物品。） Keep your hands to yourself and don't push others.（管好自己的手，不要推别人。） It's dangerous to stand on the edge of the playground equipment.（站在操场设备边缘很危险。） Follow the teacher's instructions during physical education class.（体育课上听从老师的指令。） 家庭安全句式： Never leave the stove unattended when cooking.（做饭时绝不要让炉子无人看管。） Make sure to turn off the lights before going out.（出门前确保关灯。） Keep medicines out of children's reach.（把药放在孩子够不到的地方。） Check the electrical appliances regularly for safety.（定期检查电器的安全性。） If there is a fire, use a fire extinguisher to put it out.（如果发生火灾，用灭火器灭火。） Lock the doors and windows before going to bed.（睡觉前锁好门窗。） Be careful when using scissors and knives.（使用剪刀和刀时要小心。） 自然灾害安全句式： In case of an earthquake, hide under a sturdy table.（万一发生地震，躲在坚固的桌子下面。） When a flood comes, move to higher ground.（洪水来临时，转移到高处。） During a storm, stay away from windows.（暴风雨期间，远离窗户。） If there is a hurricane warning, stay indoors.（如果有飓风警报，待在室内。） Evacuate immediately if you hear the emergency siren.（如果你听到紧急警报，立即疏散。） The best place to take shelter during a typhoon is in a basement.（台风期间最好的避难场所是地下室。） Keep emergency supplies ready in case of natural disasters.（为应对自然灾害，准备好应急物资。） 三、阅读策略 1. 预测策略：在阅读安全主题文章前，根据标题、图片等信息预测文章内容。比如看到文章标题 “Safety Measures at School”，学生可以预测文章可能会提到校园内不同场所如教室、操场、实验室的安全措施，以及课间活动、体育课等方面的安全注意事项。这样可以激发学生的阅读兴趣，使他们在阅读过程中更有针对性地寻找信息，验证自己的预测是否正确。 2. 略读策略：快速浏览文章，包括标题、副标题、段落首句和尾句、图片及图表等。对于一篇关于家庭火灾安全的文章，通过略读可以了解到文章主要讲述了火灾发生的原因、预防方法以及发生火灾时的应对措施等大致内容。这有助于学生在短时间内把握文章的整体框架和核心要点，确定文章是否值得深入阅读。 3. 精读策略：仔细阅读文章的每一个段落，理解每一句话的含义，分析句子结构和语法，关注细节信息。在阅读 “How to Stay Safe in a Fire” 这类文章时，精读能让学生明白在火灾中具体的行动步骤，如 “Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to avoid inhaling smoke” 中用湿毛巾捂住口鼻防止吸入烟雾这一重要细节。同时，通过精读可以学习到文章中关于安全知识的准确英语表达，提升语言能力。 4. 推理策略：根据文章中提供的信息进行推理和判断。例如，文章中提到 “In an earthquake, if you are in a high rise building, do not use the elevator”，学生可以推理出使用电梯在地震时可能存在危险，如电梯故障导致被困等。这种策略有助于培养学生的逻辑思维能力，让他们能够更深入地理解文章内容背后的原理和原因。 5. 总结策略：读完文章后，对文章的主要内容进行总结。对于一篇介绍多种自然灾害安全应对的文章，学生可以总结出不同灾害如地震、洪水、台风等各自的安全应对要点。这不仅能帮助学生巩固所学的安全知识，还能提高他们的归纳概括能力，使知识在脑海中更加系统化。 核心知识回顾 初中八年级英语阅读理解中与网络安全相关的阅读语篇类型等示例 一、语篇主题 网络安全在当今数字化时代至关重要，此类语篇聚焦于互联网环境下如何保障个人信息、设备及网络活动的安全，涉及网络威胁的类型、防护措施以及安全意识的培养等，旨在让学生了解网络安全知识，提升在网络世界的自我保护能力。 二、语篇类型 1.说明文 常详细阐述网络安全的概念，如解释什么是网络攻击、数据泄露等。通过列举数据、案例，像介绍某知名公司遭受网络攻击导致巨大损失的数据，使学生清晰认识网络安全问题的严重性。还会说明各类防护手段的原理，如防火墙如何阻挡未授权访问，帮助学生理解网络安全技术。例如： Cybersecurity is crucial in today’s digital age. A recent study shows that over 30% of small businesses experienced a cyber-attack last year. Hackers often use phishing emails to steal personal information. For example, they might send an email that looks like it’s from a bank, asking you to click a link and enter your login details. Firewalls act as a barrier, analyzing incoming network traffic and blocking unauthorized access. Understanding these concepts helps us protect our digital lives. 2.议论文 针对网络安全现象发表观点，比如讨论青少年是否应该在社交媒体上公开过多个人信息。会从正反两方面进行论证，一方观点可能是公开信息方便社交，另一方则强调易导致个人信息泄露，培养学生批判性思维。例如： Should teenagers share personal details on social media? Some argue that it helps build connections. Posting photos and updates can keep friends informed and strengthen relationships. However, others worry about privacy risks. Once information is online, it can be easily shared without consent. For instance, a simple “check-in” at a location might reveal your home address to strangers. Thus, we must balance the benefits and risks carefully. 3.记叙文 以故事形式呈现网络安全事件，如讲述某个学生因轻信网络陌生人，泄露个人信息后遭遇诈骗的经历，以生动情节吸引学生，让他们从故事中汲取教训，增强网络安全意识。例如： Last month, Lily received a message from someone claiming to be a famous fashion designer. The person offered her a modeling opportunity but needed her ID number and bank details first. Excited, Lily sent the information. A few days later, she found out her bank account had been emptied. This incident taught Lily a valuable lesson: never trust strangers online and always protect personal information. 三、常见话题 1.网络威胁 介绍恶意软件（malware），包括病毒（virus）、蠕虫（worm）、木马（Trojan horse），描述它们如何入侵计算机系统，导致数据丢失或设备瘫痪。讲述网络钓鱼（phishing）手段，如黑客伪装成银行发送邮件，诱使用户输入账号密码，从而盗取信息。 2.个人信息保护 强调个人信息如姓名（name）、地址（address）、电话号码（phone number）、身份证号（ID card number）等的重要性，教导学生不要随意在网上向陌生人透露这些信息，防止被不法分子利用。 3.密码安全 讲解强密码（strong password）的特征，要有足够长度（at least eight characters long），包含大小写字母（upper and lower case letters）、数字（numbers）和符号（symbols），避免使用生日（birthday）、宠物名字（pet's name）等容易猜测的信息作为密码，还会建议定期更换密码（change passwords regularly）。 4.网络社交安全 针对青少年热衷的社交媒体（social media），提醒他们谨慎添加好友（be careful when adding friends），不要轻易与陌生网友见面（never meet online strangers easily），因为有些看似友善的网友可能存在不良企图。 四、核心词汇 1.网络安全相关名词 cybersecurity：网络安全 cybercrime：网络犯罪 hacker：黑客 malware：恶意软件 data breach：数据泄露 2.网络设备与技术名词 firewall：防火墙 encryption：加密技术 router：路由器 3.网络活动及行为名词 phishing：网络钓鱼 social engineering：社会工程学（利用心理操控获取信息） authentication：认证 4.信息类名词 personal information：个人信息 sensitive information：敏感信息 password：密码 5.相关动词 protect：保护 safeguard：保卫，保护 prevent：预防，防止 hack：黑客攻击 steal：窃取 leak：泄露 verify：核实，验证 6.形容词 secure：安全的 vulnerable：易受攻击的，脆弱的 confidential：机密的，保密的 encrypted：加密的 五、常见表达 1.表示 “保护…… 免受……” protect... from... ：We should protect our personal information from being leaked.（我们应该保护个人信息不被泄露。） safeguard... against... ：Installing anti virus software can safeguard our computers against malware.（安装杀毒软件可以保护我们的电脑免受恶意软件侵害。） 2.建议类表达 It is important to... ：It is important to use strong passwords.（使用强密码很重要。） You'd better... ：You'd better not share your ID card number with strangers online.（你最好不要在网上与陌生人分享你的身份证号。） It is suggested that... ：It is suggested that we update our software regularly to prevent security risks.（建议我们定期更新软件以防范安全风险。） 3.描述危害或后果的表达 lead to ：Data breaches can lead to serious losses for companies.（数据泄露会给公司带来严重损失。） result in ：Clicking on unknown links may result in your device being infected with viruses.（点击未知链接可能导致你的设备感染病毒。） cause ：Cyberattacks can cause the breakdown of network systems.（网络攻击会导致网络系统瘫痪。） 4.条件假设表达 If... ：If you receive a suspicious email, don't click on the links in it.（如果你收到可疑邮件，不要点击里面的链接。） In case... ：In case your password is compromised, change it immediately.（万一你的密码被破解，立即更改。） 综合实战演练 1 The Internet is a good place to meet new people and find information. However, it’s important to be careful with the information you share and the people you communicate with online. The following can help you to stay safe. Think before posting things. It’s fun to share photos with your friends, but don’t post photos of yourself which strangers can get your personal information from. Make sure that only your friends can see your information or photos. ①Protect your personal information. We use passwords to enter a lot of websites, and we often need to register (登记) at those sites using personal information. But be careful! There are people online who want to steal your personal information. So make sure you don’t share your passwords with anyone. What’s more, choose passwords carefully and change them often. ②There are a lot of people communicating on the Internet. However, some people online are not so nice. If you receive emails from someone you don’t know, think carefully before you reply. And if someone invites you to meet somewhere, tell your parents about it before you make a decision. Be careful when you open attachments (附件). Someone you don’t know might send you an email with an attachment that has a computer virus (病毒). ③A virus can cause all kinds of trouble. It can stop your computer from working. So never open a file (文件) or message from anyone you don’t know! Be safe by hitting “delete (删除)” instead. ④So have fun when you use the Internet. But remember to stay safe. 1．Which is right when we share photos on the Internet? A．Telling our friends about the photos. B．Choosing some beautiful photos. C．Keeping information safe from strangers. D．Making sure that everyone can see the photos. 2．What should we do if we want to protect our personal information? A．Make difficult passwords. B．Write down the passwords in a notebook. C．Choose passwords carefully and never change them. D．Choose passwords carefully and often change them. 3．Where should we put the sentence “Think twice (再三考虑) before you communicate with strangers.”? A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What’s this passage mainly about? A．What is the Internet? B．How to stay safe on the Internet. C．How to use the Internet. D．How to make friends on the Internet. 2 We can’t take our phones to school this term. If we take our phones to school, we have to give them to our teachers and the teachers keep them for us. We can’t take them into our classroom, either. Our teachers also tell us, “When you use the Internet at home or at the school’s computer room, you must remember the important things.” ▲Use the Internet when your parents tell you it is OK or you have to. ▲Remember not to tell others your name, home address or school name. ▲Never show your photos to others. ▲Do not meet people on the Internet or ask them to visit you. ▲Tell your parents if you read anything bad on the Internet. ▲Remember people on the Internet may cheat you. A “12-year-old girl” may be an old man! ▲Ask your parents to spend time with you, so you can show them what you like on the Internet. Li Lu, a 13-year-old girl, is talking with a person on WeChat now. They don’t know each other. What should Li Lu do? 5．If a student takes his phone to school, he must ________. A．take it to the classroom B．give it to his classmates C．let his teacher keep it for him D．use it when he wants 6．What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “cheat”? A．告诉 B．喜欢 C．讨好 D．欺骗 7．How can Li Lu answer when the person asks “May I visit you?”? A．I am sorry. I’m busy these days. B．Yes, I’m in No. 1 Middle School. C．Yes, my phone number is 250-9239. D．Yes, I live on Hangtian Road. 8．What’s the passage mainly about? A．How to make friends. B．How to use Internet properly. C．School rules. D．Meeting people. 3 The 2023 China Cybersecurity (网络安全) Week started in Fuzhou, Fujian on September11 and ended on September 17. It tried to let people realize the importance of cybersecurity and help people learn how to keep themselves away from danger online. China has held the activity since 2014. During the week, people can take part in forums (论坛), online discussions and knowledge competitions to learn about cybersecurity. Feng Yi is a college teacher from Wenzhou, Zhejiang. He says that he often shares the knowledge of cybersecurity with his students. He tells them to be more careful while using the Internet. “Some students get into trouble because they know nothing about cybersecurity. The activity can help them a lot,” He says. Kong Yiyin is a mother of two boys from Guangdong. After watching the knowledge competition, she thinks her family are more careful about their personal information online now. They’ve set up more complicated passwords(更复杂的密码). “Holding the activity is quite necessary. From it, we’ve learned that we can never be too careful when dealing with cybersecurity problems,” She says. 9．When was the first China Cybersecurity Week? A．In 2013. B．In 2014. C．In 2020. D．In 2023. 10．What does Feng Yi think of China Cybersecurity Week? A．Helpful. B．Interesting. C．Simple. D．Popular. 11．What happened after Kong Yiyin watched the knowledge competition? A．She stopped using the Internet. B．She was more careful in tests. C．She had a competition with her family. D．She changed her passwords. 12．What can we learn from the passage ? A．The 2023 China Cybersecurity Week started on September 17. B．People can take part in different activities during the week. C．Feng Yi often shares the knowledge of cybersecurity with his family. D．Kong Yiyin thinks it is necessary to stop showing personal things online. 4 Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you’re paying by sharing your personal data (数据). Then businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you target ads (定向广告). What happened to personal information online? Many free apps get paid by businesses who want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about customers. Data brokers collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow. And then, sell them to businesses. ________________? The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services. What can we do about it? Many countries have made laws to protect personal information. For example, a law in the United States says businesses must get parents’ permission (许可) to collect personal data from kids under 13. China’s law on personal information protection came into effect (生效) on November 1st, 2021. At the same time, we should try to protect our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it. 13．According to the passages, how can people use some apps for free? A．By sharing their personal data. B．By buying and using the data. C．By showing the target ads. D．By talking with friends. 14．According to the passage, which picture can describe how businesses show us target ads? A． B． C． D． 15．Which of the following can be put in the “________”? A．What are the people interested in B．Why do businesses show their ads C．Why do businesses want the data D．What are the new products 16．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．We should never let the apps get our own personal information. B．We should put a high value on personal information and protect it. C．All the countries have made the law on personal information protection. D．China should make the same law on personal information as America. 17．Who’s the passage written for? A．Businessmen. B．All the readers. C．Data brokers. D．Parents. 5 ①Did you know that when you surf the web, websites in some countries put secret software on your computer? The software collects a large amount of information about you and sends it to internet companies. The Internet companies sell it to other businesses. Your personal information can also be gathered from social media sites. There are many ways your information can be used. ②First, companies collect your information and record all your online habits. They find out where you live, what websites you visit and what you do online. With this information, they can guess other things about you. For example, they can guess if you are a male or female, how old you are and your interests. The companies use this information to decide which ads are best for you. Two people can go to the same website, but they will see different ads. For example, someone who likes sports could see ads for trainers, and someone who likes films might see ads for a film. ③Your personal information could also be sold. Some companies collect information, so they can sell it to other businesses. A business that collects and sells personal information is called a data broker. When data brokers sell your information, a lot of different companies will know your online habits. Then the companies will advertise products from other websites to you. ④Another way your personal information can be collected is through social media. When your information is on social media, a lot of people can see it. Even if you don’t use social media, a friend might post a picture or video of you with your name on it. Pictures and videos can be shared for free on social media, which is one of the great advantages. However, that same act of sharing could be a problem for your own security (安全). If someone knows too much about you, they steal (偷窃) your identity. Then they can buy things online and post messages while pretending (假装) to be you. ⑤_________. The law is finally changing when it comes to technology. In the European Union, for example, they have introduced the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This rule means that internet users can now ask companies to show them what information they have about them and even make them delete it. If other countries do the same, the internet could soon be a much safer place. 18．According to Paragraph 2, what will the companies find by collecting your information? a. age and hobbies    b. online activities    c. address    d. job A．b. c. d. B．a. b. d. C．a. c. d. D．a. b. c. 19．Your personal information can be directly collected through the following EXCEPT _________. A．social media B．websites C．the government D．secret software 20．Which of the following statements is WRONG? A．Data brokers can make money by selling personal information to other businesses. B．No one can get your information if your friend posts a video of you with your name on it. C．According to GDPR, we can ask companies to delete our personal information they have collected online. D．Different people can see different ads on the same website because their online habits have been gathered. 21．Which sentence is the most suitable for the beginning of the last paragraph? A．However, it’s not all bad news. B．Anyway, every coin has two sides. C．Actually, different people have different opinions. D．Indeed, people believe things are changing for the worse. 22．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 6 Do you argue with your parents about making your bed or cleaning your room? Are your parents angry because you use the Internet or play with your friends outside all the time? Even if your parents love you, you may fight with them at times. If your answers are yes, then our new Family App can help you a lot. With the Family App, students and parents look at family arguments from both sides and solve their problems together. Usually, kids who fight with their parents learn to get along with them in the end. The app gives you advice and helps you get on well with your parents. It also helps your parents to understand you better. How does it work? You read different kinds of problems and then choose an answer from different options (选项). The app tells you why the answer is the best and why the other options aren’t so good. For example, you’re preparing to go out with your friends, but your parents want you to visit your grandparents. Do you say “We always go there on the weekend. I’m going to play with my friends outside today.” or “OK! We can go there today, but I’d like to play with my friends outside tomorrow.” The first option doesn’t make you or your parents feel good, but the second option makes everyone happy. The Family App is very useful. It can help you live an easy life. Do you want to have one? 23．How does the writer start the passage in Paragraph 1? A．By showing a picture. B．By telling a story. C．By asking questions. D．By showing numbers. 24．Who gives you advice and helps you get on well with your parents? A．The family. B．The app. C．The grandparents. D．The kids. 25．How does the Family App work? ①Choose an answer from these options. ②The app shows why the answer is the best. ③Read different kinds of problems on the app. A．①②③ B．③②① C．③①② D．②③① 26．Which of the following is true according to the article? A．It helps family members understand each other better. B．It gives family ideas for free-time activities. C．It teaches children how to argue with others. D．It shows why people get angry. 27．Where may you read the passage? A．In a guidebook B．In a fashion magazine C．In a storybook D．In a science book 7 Big data (大数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns (模式) in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources (来源), such as information that comes from schools social media sites, companies, and governments. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer. Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra (额外的) help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice-cream. Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict (预测) if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others even if they have not done anything wrong. How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. Their ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people. 28．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By giving an example B．By telling a story C．By giving a definition (定义) D．By comparing (对比) the differences 29．How many ways can big data be used according to Paragraph 2? A．Four. B．Three. C．Five. D．Two. 30．One company uses weather information to ________. A．help children in need B．know when people will visit the hospital C．find out who rides the bus or train D．understand when people will need ice-cream 31．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Big data only can be used for good reasons. B．The government never uses big data. C．Big data can’t have any information. D．Big data can be used in schools. 32．This reading is about ________. A．what big data is and how it is used B．what schools and hospitals people like C．where important data is collected and stored (储存) D．how the government and companies think of big data 8 Computers can injure you. Most other injuries happen suddenly. For example, if you fall off a bicycle and break your arm, it happens very quickly. But computer injuries happen slowly. Your eyes Too much light can injure your eyes, so never sit too close to a computer screen. Your eyes should be at least 50 centimeters from the screen. Remember to look away from it sometimes. This gives your eyes a rest. When you use a computer, the window should be on your left or your right. If it is behind you, the light will reflect(反射) on the screen. If the windows are in front of you, the sun and the screen will both shine into your eyes. Your hands and wrists(手腕) Hand and wrist injuries can happen because the hands and wrists are moved in the same way hundreds of times. If you use a keyboard for a long time, follow these three rules: 1) Rest your wrists on something. 2) Keep your elbows at the same height as the keyboard. 3) Stop sometimes and exercise your hands, wrists and fingers in a different way. Your back Some people sit for many hours in front of a computer. If you sit in a wrong way, you can injure your back or your neck. So you should sit with your back straight. The top part of the screen should be in front of your eyes. Your forearms(前臂), wrists and hands should all be parallel to(与……平行) the floor. If you are sitting for a long time, get up every 30 minutes and exercise your arms, legs and neck. Enjoy your computer, but use it safely. 33．Why should the window be on your left or right while using a computer? A．Because if the window is in front of you, the light will reflect on the screen. B．Because the sun and the screen will shine into your eyes with the window in front of you. C．Because it is easy to look away from the screen and have a rest. D．Because too much light will go through the window behind you and hurt your eyes. 34．To protect your hands and wrists, you should ________. A．keep your elbows above the height of the keyboard B．keep your wrists hanging without touching anything C．keep your elbows below the height of the keyboard D．stop playing computer sometimes and exercise 35．Which of the following is true? A．Siting wrongly is only bad for your wrists and fingers. B．Your eyes should be at the same height as the top part of the screen. C．You should have a rest every two hours. D．You should sit in front of a screen and play computer for a long time. 36．Which is the best title of this passage? A．How to Use a Computer Safely B．How to Play Computer Games C．How to Protect Your Eyes D．Computers Are very Harmful 9 There was a terrible terrorist attack (袭击) in a music hall near Moscow (莫斯科), Russia on March 22. A reporter from Moscow Radio Station interviewed (采访) some people about it this morning. Reporter: What were you doing when you heard the terrorist attack in Moscow? I was busy with my homework when my father told me about it. He said the TV reporter reported four terrorists shot people with AK-47 guns (枪). That evening, lots of people went to the concert. So it caused lots of death. Peter—A student I was watching TV when I got a call from my police leader, then I drove there as quickly as I could. Together with my workmates, we had a serious gun fight with fighters, arresting (逮捕) two of them. Dave—A police officer We were having a meeting when we got the phone call at 10:00 p.m. We arrived at about 10:10 p.m. We tried our best to put out (扑灭) the fire in the music hall. It was really difficult because the terrorists used flammable liquid (易燃液体). We put out the fire at 3:00 a.m. Now we find more than 40 people died and it is not clear how many people are wounded (受伤). We think the number of death may rise (上升). Jeff—An official from the local government (当地政府官员). 37．We can know that Peter was ________ at the time of the terrorist attack. A．talking with his father B．watching TV C．doing his homework D．going to the concert 38．How did Dave know about the attack in Moscow? A．He watched the news on TV. B．He asked his workmates. C．He heard it on radio. D．His police leader told him about it. 39．The underlined (划线的) It refer to (指代的是) ________. A．the terrorist attack B．the meeting C．putting out the fire D．the music hall 40．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Peter learned about the news on TV. B．The fire lasted about 5 hours. C．Dave arrested two terrorists himself. D．Only 40 people were killed. 41．What’s the passage mainly about? A．How the terrorist attack took place. B．Who attacked the concert hall near Moscow. C．People’s opinions about the attack. D．What people were doing at the time of the attack. 10 In February,2025,A police officer on the Kansas Highway Patrol (堪萨斯州公路巡逻队) stopped an SUV for driving too fast. What seemed like a normal traffic stop turned into something much more important. When the officer looked over the passengers’ information, he discovered something shocking—the man in the front seat was wanted for kidnapping (绑架) a 6-year-old girl in another state! The driver also had a dangerous criminal record. Inside the car, the officer noticed a little girl who looked about the same age as the missing child. When he asked her name, she gave a wrong answer, looking scared and worried. Seeing this, the kind officer spoke to her gently and patiently (耐心地). Finally, she told him her real name—she was the missing girl herself! With the help from another police officer who arrived quickly, the two criminals were arrested (逮捕) at once. The little girl was checked by doctors and, luckily, wasn’t hurt at all. The Kansas Highway Patrol later praised the officer for being so observant (机警的) and caring. Because of his good work, the poor little girl got back to her loving family after missing for a month. After the news was reported on TV, numbers of people came to know how police officers can help them in different ways. Several days later, a thank-you letter by the family of the missing girl also touched everyone’s heart. 42．What was the most likely reason the girl lied at first? A．She couldn’t remember her name. B．She didn’t want to go home. C．She wanted to protect the two men. D．The kidnappers made her do so. 43．Put these events in the correct order. a) The officer found the passenger was wanted for kidnapping. b) The SUV was stopped for driving too fast on the Kansas Highway. c) Both criminals were arrested with another officer’s help. d) The girl gave her real name after the officer gained her trust. A．abdc B．adcb C．bdac D．badc 44．Which is the best title for this passage? A．A Normal Stop Brings A Girl Home. B．Speeding Dangers on Highways. C．How to Be A Good Police Officer? D．How the Girl Got Lost. 45．What might the next paragraph talk about? A．Why the officer wanted to be a policeman. B．What the girl’s parents said to the officer. C．What price the criminals will have to pay. D．How to find missing kids in our life. 11 The parents of a US boy were found guilty of involuntary manslaughter (过失杀人罪) because they didn’t stop their son from carrying out a school shooting in Michigan, US. They were sentenced (判刑) to 10 to 15 years in prison on April 9 while the boy was sentenced to life without parole (假释), according to The New York Times. This is the first time in the US that parents have been punished for what their child did in a mass shooting. Prosecutors (检察官) argued that the parents ignored clear signs of their son’s mental health problems and they even bought the gun he used in the 2021 attack. The boy was 15 years old when he killed four students and injured seven others at Oxford High School in Michigan. “Opportunities knocked over and over again, louder and louder, but it was ignored,” Judge Cheryl Matthews told the court. When kids do really bad things, like shootings, it makes people all over the world think about how to stop the tragedies from happening again. While most countries and regions have made 12 or 14 the lowest age for being held responsible for a crime, some tried to lower the age of criminal responsibility. In 2010, Denmark lowered its age from 15 to 14. But it didn’t stop 14-year-olds from committing crimes. Instead, punishment made it harder for them to go back to school. That led to worse behaviors and an increasing number of youths committing crimes again. So, two years later, Denmark put the lowest age of criminal responsibility back to 15 years old, The Paper reported. In Germany, the government focuses more on teaching and helping young people who commit crimes, rather than just punishing them. As noted in a 2018 paper published in the Justice Evaluation Journal, they try to educate and guide young people to live better lives, instead of just putting them in prison. 46．What are the reasons for the punishment of the boy’s parents? a. Teaching their son to shoot. b. Causing the boy’s mental health problems.     c. Providing the gun used in the shooting.     d. Not being responsible in bringing up their son.   A．ab B．ac C．bd D．cd 47．How might the judge feel according to her words in Paragraph 3? A．Bored and tired. B．Scared and nervous. C．Angry and upset. D．Stressed and worried. 48．What happened after Denmark lowered its age for criminal responsibility? A．Youths over 14 years old behaved better. B．There were fewer crimes by youths. C．More teenagers committed crimes again. D．Denmark lowered the age again. 49．What does Germany do to deal with the criminal behavior of young people? A．Avoid punishing them. B．Help young criminals improve. C．Put them in prison as long as possible. D．Give them money for a better life. 50．What is the passage mainly about? A．The causes of youth crime. B．The roles parents play in youths’ development. C．Governments’ responsibility for youth crime. D．Youth crime and governments’ ways of dealing with it. ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$