必修3 Unit 2 Natural disasters-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦必修三“自然灾害”主题，依据高考评价体系梳理了词汇（派生词、一词多义）、短语（如run out of, in case）、语法（leave复合结构、情态动词+have done）及读写核心考查维度，通过近五年真题分析明确“词义辨析”占30%、“语境应用”占45%的高频考点，构建了“词汇—短语—句式—语篇”的完整备考体系。 课件亮点在于“真题溯源+语料积累+思维建模”，如以2024新课标Ⅰ卷“relief”词性转换题为例，详解“词根词缀法”和“语境推断法”，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设“高考真题语料库”和“情感描写模板”（如紧张场景的tremble with anxiety），通过“每日一词+周测模考”提升应试技能，教师可据此实施分层教学，实现高效备考。

必修第三册 Unit 2　Natural disasters 主题语境　自然灾害 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 1.county n.　　　　郡,县 2.injure vt. 伤害,使受伤;损害 injury n. 伤害 injured adj. 受伤的 3.disaster n. 灾难,灾害;彻底失败 背诵默写本 4.reaction n. 反应,回应;抗拒;化学反应 react vi. (对……)作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应 reactive adj. 反应的;有反应的;回应的 5.crash n. 碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃 vi.& vt. 碰撞,撞击;崩溃 a train/car crash火车/汽车撞车事故 a plane/an air crash飞机失事 6.signal vi.& vt. 发信号,示意;标志 n. 信号,暗号;标志;信号灯 traffic signal lights交通信号灯 7.exit vt.& vi. 出去,离去,退场;退出 n. 出口,通道;离开 8.orderly adj. 有秩序的,有条理的,整齐的 order n. 命令;订货;秩序;顺序 vt. 命令;指挥;订购 9.stair n. 楼梯;梯级 10.roll n. 名单;卷;一管;翻滚 vi.& vt. 翻滚,滚动;翻身;卷起 11.confirm vt. 证实,确认;使确信;批准 confirmation n. 证实,确认;证明书 12.hug vt. 拥抱,搂抱;抱紧 13.procedure n. 程序,步骤,手续 14.tsunami n. 海啸 15.odd adj. 奇怪的,怪异的;偶尔的;不成对 16.bubble n. 泡沫,泡,气泡 17.occur vi. 发生,出现;存在于 occurrence n. 出现;发生;事件 18.relief n. 宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济 relieve vt. 减轻;缓和 relieved adj. 感到宽慰的,放心的 19.typhoon n. 台风 20.destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的 destruct v. 摧毁,毁灭,破坏 destruction n. 破坏 21.pole n. 柱,杆;极 22.inform vt. 了解,熟悉;通知 information n. 信息,情报,资料 informed adj. 有学问的;有见识的 23.hurricane n. 飓风 24.conference n. 会议,研讨会;讨论,商谈 25.shock n. 震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动 vt. 使震惊 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 26.scare vt.& vi. 惊吓,害怕 n. 恐慌;惊吓 scared adj. 害怕的 scary adj. 恐怖的,吓人的 27.power n. 电,电力;权力;政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量 powerful adj. 强有力的;强大的;有权势的 powerless adj. 无力的;无能的 28.supply n. 补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备 vt. 供应,供给,提供 supplies[pl.] 补给品 in short/limited supply供应不足 29.donate vt. 捐赠,赠送;献(血) donation n. 捐赠 30.charity n. 慈善机构(或组织);慈善,施舍;仁爱,宽容 31.staff n. 全体职工;管理人员 vt. 在……工作,任职于 32.slide n. 幻灯片;降低;滑行;山崩 vi.& vt. 滑行;逐渐陷入 33.fund n. 资金;基金 34.flood n. 洪水,水灾;大量 vi.& vt. 淹没,泛滥;大量涌入;充满 35.downstairs adv. 在楼下,往楼下 n. 楼下 36.document n. 文件,公文;(计算机中的)文档 37.honey n. (爱称)亲爱的;蜂蜜 38.otherwise adv. 否则,不然;除此以外 39.curious adj. 好奇的;奇特的 curiosity n. 好奇,好奇心 curiously adv. 好奇地;奇怪地 40.Roman adj. 古罗马的;罗马的 n. 古罗马人;罗马人 41.erupt vi.& vt. (火山)爆发;突然发生 eruption n. 爆发 42.unearth vt. 使出土,挖掘,发掘;发现,找到 43.destination n. 目的地,终点 44.bar n. 酒吧;小馆子;吧台;条,块;栏杆;障碍 vt. 封;阻挡;阻止 45.import n. 进口产品,输入的产品;输入 vt. 进口,引进 46.export n. 出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出 vt. 出口,输出 47.port n. 港口,避风港;港口城市 48.cloud-capped adj. 高耸入云的,耸入云霄的 49.ashy adj. 覆盖着灰的;灰色的 50.dawn n. 黎明,破晓;开端,萌芽 vi. 开始;开始清楚 51.volcano n. 火山 52.trunk n. 树干 53.unbearable adj. 难耐的,无法忍受的 bearable adj. 可以忍受的 bear vt. 忍受 54.beyond adv. 在(或向)较远处,在另一边 prep. 在(或向)更远处;超出;晚于;无法;超出……之外 55.distance n. 遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远 distant adj. 遥远的;远处的;疏远的 keep one’s distance保持距离 56.pattern n. 图案,花样;模式;范例;模型 57.column n. 柱,圆柱;柱状物;栏;专栏;队,列 58.rescue n.& vt. 救援,营救,抢救 59.sharp adj. 灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的 sharply adv. 急剧地;锋利地 sharpen vt. (使)变得锋利;使尖锐 60.locate vt. 找出……的准确位置;把……安置在(或建造于) location n. 位置,场所 located adj. 位于,坐落在 61.retire vi.& vt. 退休,退职 retired adj. 已退休的;已退职的 retirement n. 退休 ◆背核心短语 1.at large整个,全部 2.roll call点名 3.safe and sound安然无恙的 4.occur to被想到,浮现在脑中 5.keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静 6.run out of用完,耗尽 7.take the form of呈现……的形状;采取……的形式 8.break out突然开始,爆发 9.hold on to抓紧,不放开;(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 10.to one’s relief让某人宽慰的是 11.in detail详细地 12.flood in涌入 13.in all directions朝着四面八方 14.above all最重要的是 15.in the distance在远处 16.far and wide到处,各处 ◆背单元语块 1.suffer slight injuries受轻伤 2.remain still仍然一动不动 3.wait calmly and quietly沉着安静地等待 4.signal to her students示意她的学生们 5.in an orderly line排好队 6.go down the stairs下楼梯 7.rush to the playground跑到了操场上 8.practise earthquake safety procedures演练地震安全步骤 9.survive the disaster在灾难中幸存下来 1.in case引导目的状语从句 At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时,布朗女士立刻打开教室门,以防门在震动中损坏,打不开。 2.the moment引导时间状语从句;动词不定式作定语 The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 晃动一停止,布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 3.leave+宾语+宾语补足语 NEWDALE—On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. 纽代尔——12月20日,由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面,造成数千人死亡。 4.while 连接并列分句,表示对比 Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio,while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag. 爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报,而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。 5.情态动词+have done Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come! 火山岩忽明忽暗,讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事,这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们,灾难即将降临! 6.as if 引导方式状语从句 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完,地板上繁复的图案一点都没有褪色。 板块二　默写练习 第一组　核心单词 1. in the area at large在整个灾区 2. loud of glass breaking玻璃破碎的巨响 3. to her students to the classroom示意她的学生 们离开教室 4. an earthquake that hit the 袭击本县的一次地震 5. run up the 跑上楼 disaster crashes signal exit county stairs 6. this finding 证实这次发现 7. each other 互相拥抱 8. safety 安全步骤 9. something 奇怪的事情 10. the North 北极 11. sth. to sb.某人突然想到…… 12. be systematically 被系统地挖掘 13. an international tourist 一个国际旅游胜地 confirm hug procedures odd Pole occurs/occurred unearthed destination 14. a wine 一间酒吧 15. the glassy water of the 港口清澈的海水 16. the top of Mount Vesuvius维苏威火山耸入 云霄的山顶 17. set forth at 在黎明时出发 18. a big 一个巨大的树干 19. description难以描述 20. the rich 繁复的图案 bar port cloud-capped dawn trunk beyond pattern 21. a literary 文学专栏 22. bring to the city进口产品到这个城市 23. carry overseas出口产品到海外 24. different methods in natural disasters自然灾害中不同 的营救方法 25. a sense of smell 灵敏的嗅觉 column imports exports rescue sharp 第二组　拓展词汇 1. n. 反应,回应;抗拒;化学反应→ vi.(对……) 作出反应;有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应 2. adj.有秩序的,有条理的,整齐的→ n. 命令; 订货;秩序;顺序vt.命令;指挥;订购 3. vt.证实,确认;使确信;批准→ n. 证 实,确认;证明书 reaction react orderly order confirm confirmation 4. n. 宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→ vt.减轻;缓 和→ adj.感到宽慰的,放心的 5. adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的 → vt.摧毁,毁灭,破坏 6. vt.了解,熟悉;通知→ n. 信息,情报,资 料→ adj.有学问的,有见识的 7. n. 震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动vt.使震惊→ adj.感 到震惊的→ adj.令人震惊的 relief relieve relieved destructive destroy inform information informed shock shocked shocking 8. vt.& vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→ adj.害怕的 → adj.恐怖的,吓人的 9. n. 电,电力;权力;政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量 → adj.强有力的;强大的;有权势的 10. vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血)→ n. 捐赠 11. adj.好奇的;奇特的→ adv.好奇地 → n. 好奇,好奇心 scare scared scary power powerful donate donation curious curiously curiosity 12. vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;突然发生→ n. (火山 等)爆发 13. adj.难耐的,无法忍受的→ vt.忍受 → adj.可以忍受的 14. n. 遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远→ adj.遥 远的;远处的;疏远的 15. adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的 → v. (使)变得锋利;使尖锐 erupt eruption unbearable bear bearable distance distant sharp sharpen 16. vt.找出……的准确位置;把……安置在(或建造于)→ n. 位置,场所 17. vi.& vt.退休,退职→ n. 退休 locate location retire retirement 第三组　重点短语 1. 点名 2. 被想到,浮现在脑中 3. 用完,耗尽 4. 突然开始,爆发 5. 整个,全部 6. 安然无恙的 7. (在困境中)保持冷静 8. 呈现……的形状;采取……的形式 9. 到处,各处 roll call occur to run out of break out at large safe and sound keep one’s head take the form of far and wide 第四组　课文佳句 1. At the same time,Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door , ⁠ during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时,布朗女士立刻打开教室门,以防门在震动中损坏,打不 开。 2. , Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class ⁠. 晃动一停止,布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 in case it became damaged The moment the shaking stopped to make their escape 3. NEWDALE—On 20 December,a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and ⁠. 纽代尔——12月20日,由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金 海岸附近的海面,造成数千人死亡。 left thousands dead 4. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio , ⁠ ⁠ a bag. 爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报,而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件和 灾难必需品放入一个包里。 while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into 5. Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that ⁠ the city what was to come! 火山岩忽明忽暗,讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事,这本来可以警 告这座城市里的人们,灾难即将降临！ 6. Its walls were fresh ⁠ ; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完,地板上繁复的图案一点都没 有褪色。 might have warned as if painted yesterday 板块三　语基自测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. (2024·浙江1月卷)A similar process is at work in our response to ⁠ (inform). 2. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little ⁠ (relieve). information relief 3. What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a ⁠ (power) scream. 4. While Tao’s return to nature was a ⁠ (react) to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. powerful reaction 5. According to scientists, they include volcanic ⁠ (erupt), asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 6. The young lady was at the ⁠ news, for I could see the ⁠ look on her face.(shock) 7. The man is always ⁠ towards his neighbors, so his neighbors often keep him at a ⁠. (distant) eruptions shocked shocking shocked distant distance 8. Children often ask all kinds of questions ⁠. To meet their ⁠ , we’d better answer them patiently.(curious) 9. Rescuers said the ⁠ were taken to a hospital nearby, but fortunately the was not serious.(injure) curiously curiosity injured injury Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. Luckily, the missing boy returned , (安然无恙). 2. During the interview, the reporter asked me ⁠ (一系列问题). 3. (她想到) she should adopt this homeless child. 4. This article represents the opinion of the public (整个, 全部). safe and sound a series of questions It occurred to her that at large 5. What will the world use for power when it has ⁠ (用完石油)? 6. Above all, (保持冷静) in the face of danger. 7. You probably won’t need to call—but take my number, just ⁠ (以防,万一). 8. Nobody knew when the fire (突然开始), but they knew it was put out the next morning. run out of oil keep your head in case broke out Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 你必须提醒他吃药,以防他忘记。(in case) You must remind him to take medicine , ⁠. 2. 如果再多行驶几公里,他们或许就会找到一个更好的旅馆了。 (might have done) They ⁠ if they had driven a few more kilometers. in case he forgets might have found a better hotel 3. 游客们一进入森林,一个又一个令人惊叹的景色就会吸引他们的注意力。(the moment) ⁠ , one amazing view after another will catch their eye. 4. 很奇怪,不是吗? 但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。 (leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is—always ⁠ . The moment tourists enter the forest leaving us astonished 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 19 Unit 2 Natural disasters (一) 课时作业 20 Unit 2 Natural disasters (二) Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1. injure vt.伤害,使受伤;损害→ adj.受伤的→ n. 伤;伤口;伤害 (1)the injured伤员 (2)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 injured injury ①(译林选必三U3)With only minor ⁠ (injure),he was able to help others who were severely burnt and in terrible pain. ②(人教必修一U4)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or ⁠ (injure). ③My left foot was seriously injured,so I can’t go with you as planned. → ⁠, I can’t go with you as planned.(with 复合结构) injuries injured With my left foot seriously injured 2. signal vi.& vt.发信号,示意;标志n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯 signal to sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal (to sb.) that...示意(某人)…… ①(北师大必修三U7)As the final,joyous note ⁠ (signal) the end of the symphony,the audience jumped to their feet,clapping,cheering and waving their hats. ②(译林选必二U3)One theory explaining this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain ⁠ (signal) from reaching the brain. signalled signals ③A man stood up and signaled that he was strongly opposed to the plan. →A man stood up, he was strongly opposed to the plan.(分词作状语) ④铃声响起,这表示放学了,所有的学生们站起来,抓起书包,像箭一 样冲下楼去。(动作描写) The bell rang, ⁠, and all the students rose to their feet,seized their schoolbags and went downstairs like arrows. signaling that signalling that school was over ⑤这个善良的人抱起受伤的男孩,把他放到车里,匆忙把他送到医院,忽视了一路上的交通信号。(动作描写) The kind man lifted up the injured boy,placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital, ⁠. ignoring the traffic signals all the way 3. confirm vt.证实,确认;使确信;批准→ n. 证实; 确认书;证明书 confirm sth./that从句 证实/确认…… It has been confirmed that... 已经确认…… confirm sb. in sth.使某人确信某事 confirm one’s belief/determination坚定某人的信念/决心 confirm one’s opinion 证明某人的观点 confirmation ①(译林选必三U2)It is through our research into space that we have confirmed ⁠ the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun. ②(剑桥词典)Her confession was no surprise to him, just the (confirm) of a long-held suspicion. ③The spokesman confirmed that the area was now in rebel hands. → ⁠ by the spokesman that the area was now in rebel hands.(it作形式主语) that confirmation It was confirmed 4. inform vt.了解,熟悉;通知→ n. 信息;消息;资料 → adj.有学问的;有见识的 (1)inform sb. of/about sth.通知某人某事 inform sb. that... 告知某人…… (2)keep sb. informed of sth. 让某人知道某事 information informed ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. ②Nobody has informed me that there will be some newcomers to my class, so I don’t know who they are at all. →I have ⁠ the newcomers to my class, so I don’t know who they are at all. of not been informed of/about ③如有任何进展,请随时通知我。 ⁠ [实战贴士]　inform后面不能直接跟双宾语,而是借助于介词of,构 成inform sb. of sth.结构。 Please keep me fully informed of any developments. 5. occur vi.发生,出现;存在于→ n. 出现;发生;事件 sth.occurs/occurred to sb.某人突然想起某事;某人发生某事 It occurs/occurred to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想到…… occurrence ①(剑桥词典)The study compares the ⁠ (occur) of heart disease in various countries. ②(译林必修三U2) ⁠ immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. ③It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home. →It occurred to me ⁠ to attend a meeting when I was about to go home. occurrence It to go [实战贴士]　(1)occur 没有被动语态,不用于进行时,occur作为谓语 的时候,主语不能是人;(2)表示“某人突然想起……”的句式还有： sth.strike/hit sb., sth.come to sb., sth.come into one’s mind, spring to mind等。 6. relief n. 宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;调剂;救济→ vt.减轻; 缓和→ adj.放心的,宽慰的 (1)to one’s relief令某人感到欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth.做某事很放心/舒心 in/with relief如释重负;松了口气 What a relief！可轻松了！ (2)relieve sb.of...解除某人……方面的负担 relieve relieved ①(剑桥词典)It was such ⁠ relief to hear that Marta was found safe and well. ②(译林选必四U4)I was happy and ⁠ (relieve), yet worried and anxious about the future. ③心中感到踏实了,我坐在一张很舒服的椅子上睡着了。(心理 描写) → (形容词作 状语) → ⁠ (relief) a relieved Relieved,I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep. I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep with/in relief. 7. shock vt.使震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊,惊愕;令人震惊的事;剧烈 震动→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.感到震 惊的 (1)be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do...因做……而震惊 (2)in shock震惊地;休克 shocking shocked ①(人教选必一U1)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received ⁠ electric shock. ②It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children. → ⁠ to me to see how my neighbours treated their children.(shock n. ) an It was a shock ③The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in. Elli and I were shocked. →The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in, ⁠ . (定语从句) → ⁠ the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.(主语从句) which shocked Elli and me/ which made Elli and me shocked What shocked Elli and me was that ④听到家乡发生水灾的消息,玛丽吓得僵住了,好像被定在了地 上。(情感描写) Hearing the news that her hometown was hit by the flood, Mary ⁠ , as if rooted on the ground. froze with shock 8. scare vt.& vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓→ adj.恐惧的;惊 恐的;害怕的→ adj.恐怖的,吓人的 (1)scare sb.into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事 scare...away/off把……吓跑 (2)be scared to death吓得要死 be scared to do sth./of doing sth.害怕做某事　 scared scary ①(2024·全国甲卷)For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare ⁠ any dangerous animals or look for shelter. ②The salesman scared the old lady into ⁠ (sign)the paper by threatening to take away the goods. ③看到一些虎鲸把它拖到海底深处,我很害怕。(心理描写) ⁠ some killer whales dragging it into the depths of the sea. away signing I was scared to see ④The child was scared of the fierce dog and didn’t go to his home. → , the child didn’t go to his home.(形容 词短语作状语) Scared of the fierce dog 9. power n. 电,电力;权力;政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量→ ________ adj.强有力的;有影响力的;健壮的;强大的→ adj. 无影响力的;无权的;无能为力 come to power (开始)掌权;上台 in/beyond one’s power在某人的掌控中/某人力所不能及的 in power当权 do everything in one’s power＝do one’s best尽力而为;竭尽全力 powerful powerless ①(外研必修三U5)For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, ⁠ (power). ②(剑桥词典)Visitors to the city are respectfully reminded of the council’s ⁠ (power) to remove illegally parked vehicles. ③I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. →I’ll ⁠ to perform well in the volunteer job. powerful powers do everything in my power [实战贴士]　“竭尽全力做某事”的表达还有： ①do/try one’s best to do sth.　②make every effort to do sth.　③ spare no effort to do sth. 10. run out of用完,耗尽 run out (＝give out)结束;用完(主语为物,无被动语态) run across跑着穿过;偶然碰见 run after追捕;跟踪;追求 run away跑开;逃走 run into撞上;偶然遇见;遇到(困难等) in the long run从长远来看 ①One day she happened to run ⁠ Xiao Liu. ②The changes in the city will cost quite a lot,but they will save us money ⁠ the long run. ③他不得不向父母求助,因为他的钱用完了。 →He had to ask his parents for help because ⁠ ⁠. (run out) →He had to ask his parents for help because ⁠ ⁠. (run out of) across/into in his money had run out he had run out of money [实战贴士]　run out of＝use up表示主动含义,主语是人;run out＝ be used up表示被动含义,主语是物。 11. curious adj.好奇的;奇特的→ n. 好奇;好奇心 curiosity (1)be curious about...对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth.渴望做某事 (2)out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity＝curiously好奇地 ①(译林选必三U2)While space exploration is a reality,we remain curious ⁠ the mysteries of the universe. ②(外研选必三U6)There was indeed something ⁠ (curious) disturbing about the whole prospect. ③我们对西方艺术很好奇,所以想请你做一个关于西方艺术历史 的演讲。 about ⁠ ⁠ We are curious about Western art,so we’d like you to deliver a speech about the history of it. curiously ④I was curious to know more about it, so I went to the library to consult books. → ⁠ , I went to the library to consult books. (形容词短语作状语) Curious to know more about it 12. leave的复合结构 [教材原句]　On 20 December,a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.12月20日,由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过 金海岸附近的海面,造成数千人死亡。 (1)“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一复合结构中,宾语补足语可以 由过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、介词等来充当。 (2)leave sth./sb.done 表示宾语所处的状态或动作已经完成 (3)leave sb./sth.doing 表示使某人或某物一直做某事 ①A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending,but the reader must be left ⁠ (satisfy). ②His remarks left me ⁠ (wonder) about his real purpose. ③他的病一度让他处于虚弱状态。 ________________________________ satisfied wondering His illness left him weak at one time. Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must ⁠ (confirm) in advance. 2. (外研必修三U6)Experts say this bad weather has ⁠ (occur) due to climate change. 3. (北师大必修一U3)Every year , ⁠ moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accents. be confirmed occurred the 4. (译林必修三U2)Its walls were fresh as if ⁠ (paint) yesterday;not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 5. (人教必修三U4)In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module ⁠ (signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. 6. (2024·全国甲卷)A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新 陈代谢), ⁠ eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. painted signaled while 7. (牛津词典)This incident has ⁠ (sharp) public awareness of the economic crisis. 8. (外研选必二U1)To give an example, I will be signing an organ ⁠ (donate) agreement this time tomorrow. 9. (2024·全国甲卷)It has shortened the ⁠ (distant) between cities and regions, promoting economic exchanges and cooperation. 10. (朗文词典)In the past, men who wanted to work with children were regarded as something of a ⁠ (curious). sharpened donation distance curiosity Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200 多人受伤,但只有 5名学生受了轻伤。 Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area ⁠. 2. 这座城市提供了如此多的让人感兴趣的东西,以至于大多数游 客没有时间看完这一切。 So much of interest does the city offer that most visitors simply ⁠ ⁠ before seeing it all. at large run out of time 3. 要经常学习,以免跟不上科技发展的步伐。 ⁠ the development of technology. 4. 请提前告诉我你们的计划,以便我作出相应的安排,好吗？ Would you please ⁠ your plan in advance,so that I can make arrangements accordingly? Study often in case you can’t keep up with keep me informed of 5. 你的人生中会有很多过客,但是只有真正的朋友会在你心中驻足！ Many people will walk in and out of your life, but only true friends will ⁠. leave footprints in your heart Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——一词多义 (1)The media supplies lots of information to us every day.________ (2)The water supply is unsafe. ________ (3)It was said that the refugees had run out of the supplies.________ A. n.供应量; 补给量　 B. n.生活必需品, 补给品 C. vt.供给, 供应, 提供 C A 1. supply B (1)I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front.________ (2)The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.________ (3)The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their village.________ A. n.洪水, 水灾　 B. n.大批, 大量　 C. vt.(被)淹没　 D. vi.大量涌入　 E. vi.涌上心头 E A 2. flood C (4)Floods of people come to the West Lake to admire the beautiful scenery every year.________ (5)Refugees continued to flood into neighbouring countries, leading to great panic.________ A. n.洪水, 水灾　 B. n.大批, 大量　 C. vt.(被)淹没　 D. vi.大量涌入　 E. vi.涌上心头 B D 2. flood (1)Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked.________ (2)Nothing could have shocked me more.________ (3)Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.________ (4)It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Carl. ________ A. n.令人震惊的事　 B. n.休克　 C. vt.使触电　 D. vt.使震惊 C D 3. shock B A 培优2　单元话题写作——地震救援 根据提示, 运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Sir/Madam, I’m Li Hua, a student from the earthquake-stricken area.I’m writing ①_____________________________________ (感激你们及时的援助; 非谓语作原因状语), without which my life couldn’t return to normal. to express my thanks for your timely rescue A few days ago, an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown, ②____________________________ (这使得许多房子成为废墟; which 非限制性定语从句, leave复合结构) and completely destroyed my home. Surprised (用本单元词汇替换黑体部分 ③ _________ ) to find everything buried under the fallen houses, I burst into tears/burst out crying.To me, ④ __________________________ _____________ (好像世界末日到了; as if).Thankfully, strangers as you are, you have done everything in your power to help me have a which left many houses in ruins Shocked it seemed as if the world were at an end shelter to live in and enough food and drink to survive on.⑤ ________ _________________________________________________ (没有你们的援助, 我无法想象我现在的状况有多糟; 双重否定).I can’t express my gratitude too much. Yours sincerely, Li Hua Without your help,I couldn’t imagine how bad my situation now is 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [情感描写]　odd adj.奇怪的,怪异的;偶尔的;不成对的　relief n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济　shock n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动vt.使震惊;使气愤　scare vt.& vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓　curious adj.好奇的;奇特的 亮词 [动作描写]　crash vi.& vt.碰撞,撞击;崩溃　confirm vt.证实,确认;使确信;批准　occur to被想到,浮现在脑中　keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静　inform vt.了解,熟悉;通知 [环境描写]　disaster n.灾难,灾害;彻底失败　tsunami n.海啸　downstairs adv.在楼下,往楼下 n.楼下　destination n.目的地,终点　bar n.酒吧;小馆子;吧台;条,块;栏杆;障碍　port n.港口,避风港;港口城市　ashy adj.覆盖着灰的;灰色的 美句 1.Alice Brown,head teacher at Falmont Primary School,was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks,head first,and held on to the legs of the desks. At the same time,Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door,in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground,but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.(情景描写) 2.The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking,running or simply sitting on the sandy beach,enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.(场面描写) Step 2　语料运用【海滩游玩】 　　这个海滩是著名的旅游目的地。那天,海滩上与往常一样。游客们跑着,打着排球,或者只是坐在沙滩上。突然,一个小女孩注意到一些奇怪的事。她感到很好奇,便向父母询问此事。她的父母立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。 The beach is a famous tourist destination.That day was like any other day on the beach. Tourists were running, ① _________________________ ______________________ (动作链描写).Suddenly, a little girl ② __________ _____________.③____________________ __________________________(心理描写+动作描写).④__________________ ____________________________________ ______________________ (that引导宾语从句). playing volleyball or just sitting on the sandy beach noticed something odd and asked her parents about that Her parents realized immediately that these were signals of an approaching tsunami She felt curious 他们感到震惊和害怕。但很快他们想到一定要保持冷静并立即通知安全员。令他们宽慰的是, 在安全员的帮助下, 所有人都很幸运地躲过了这场灾难。 They were ⑤ _____________________ (心理描写). But soon ⑥ ______________________ _____ (it作形式主语)they should keep their heads and inform the safety officers immediately.To their relief, with the aid of the safety officers, all the people ⑦ ______ ___________________________________________. shocked and scared it occurred to them that were fortunate enough to shelter from the disaster 语料积累 【情感细节描写:紧张】 单词 nervous;uneasy;tense;anxious;nervously;tension;anxiety;tremble;shake 词块 a flood/wave of tension 一阵紧张;with/have butterflies in one’s stomach 心里发慌;tremble with anxiety 焦虑不安 句型 When I was standing backstage, nervousness/tension came flooding over me.(无生命名词作主语) 当我站在后台的时候,我紧张极了。 When my name was called I could feel butterflies in my stomach.(名词+介词短语) 当叫到我的名字时,我感到心里忐忑不安。 My trembling legs brought me on stage, and I could feel my palms sweating and heart racing.(无生命名词作主语) 我颤抖着双腿来到了舞台上。我手心冒汗,心跳加速。 The hall crowded with audience made me even more uneasy.My heart was pounding/thumping hard, as if it were about to pop.(夸张) 挤满观众的大厅让我更加紧张起来,我的心扑通扑通地好像要跳出来了。 I stood there so nervously that I felt my throat tight, wondering what to do next.(so...that...) 我紧张地站在那里,喉咙发紧,不知道下一步怎么办。 课时作业 19 Unit 2 Natural disasters(一) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分, 共20分) A (2025·甘肃兰州诊断考试)For the past 8 years, K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman of the Deer Park Police Department.They’ve been through a lot together, and the cop (警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.Recently, the team had just returned to the station when an EF-3 tornado suddenly formed nearby. The wind picked up fast.Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car, Joel didn’t think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.“The thought of ruins or the car flipping over...I couldn’t do that to him, ” said Joel.“I couldn’t have him out there during that.” He felt debris (碎片) hitting his face as he headed into the wind, and he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second. Conditions worsened even further when Joel made it around to the other side of the car.The wind and rain were so strong that he couldn’t get the door open.When he finally opened it, Roni refused to move.“I could barely open his door, ” Joel said.“When I did, he’s a smart dog, he saw what was going on outside and he said he was not coming out.” With a lot of coaxing (劝诱), Roni finally followed his partner out of the car, and Joel was able to lead him by the collar back into the safety of the station. “Never been through anything like this before, ” Joel said of the frightening event.Now that the danger has passed, he feels even closer to his K-9 partner, and he’d do it all over again, if he had to.“I love that dog, ” he explained.“He’s a part of our family.We can’t leave a loved one like that.There’s no way I was going to leave him like that.” Well done, officer! It’s nice to know that these cops have each other’s backs through thick and thin. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Roni是一条警犬, 它和警官Joel Nitchman是搭档, 形影不离。有一天, 龙卷风突然出现, 而Roni还在巡逻车上的笼子里, Joel冒着恶劣天气, 把Roni安全带回了警局。 1.What is the relationship between Roni and Joel like?(　　) A.Plain.　　　　　　　 B.Distant. C.Terrible. D.Inseparable. D 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the past 8 years, K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman...the cop thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.”可知, Joel和Roni形影不离, Joel把Roni当作自己的家人看待, 由此可知, 他们的关系很亲密, 密不可分。A项“坦率的”; B项“疏远的”; C项“可怕的”; D项“密不可分的”。故选D。 1 2 3 4 2.Why did Joel rush out despite the coming disaster?(　　) A.Roni was still on duty outside. B.He attempted to get inside the car. C.He went to rescue Roni stuck in the car. D.He wanted to learn more about the tornado. C 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car, Joel didn’t think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.”可知, Joel冲出去是为了把还在巡逻车的笼子里的Roni带出来, 即为了救被困在车里的Roni, 故选C。 1 2 3 4 3.What is the most unexpected difficulty during the rescue of Roni? (　　) A.Lack of official help. B.Roni’s fear of the danger. C.The poor quality of the door. D.The unsafe situation of the station. B 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段可知, Joel和Roni之间关系亲密; 根据第二段中的“he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second”可知, Joel对当时的天气等客观情况是了解的; 再由第三段中的“When he finally opened it, Roni refused to move.”和“he said he was not coming out”可知, Roni看到了车外糟糕的天气, 害怕得不敢出来。由此可知, 在救Roni的过程中, Joel没有预料到Roni对车外的危险的害怕。 1 2 3 4 4.How does the experience influence Roni and Joel?(　　) A.They are more attached to each other. B.They are now living closer to each other. C.They have more loved ones in their lives. D.They are more independent of each other. A 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Now that the danger has passed, he feels even closer to his K-9 partner”可知, Roni和Joel比以前更亲密了。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·湖北重点中学联考)Imagine that an alien species landed on Earth and, through their mere presence, those aliens caused our art to fade, our music to be standardized, and our technological know-how to disappear.Actually, that is what humans have been doing to our closest relatives—chimps (黑猩猩). Back in 1999, a team of scientists led by Andrew Whiten showed that chimps from different parts of Africa behave very differently from one another.Some groups would get each other’s attention by tapping branches with their knuckles (指关节), while others did it by loudly tearing leaves with their teeth.The team identified 39 of these traditions that were practiced by some communities but not others—a pattern that, at the time, hadn’t been seen in any animal except humans.It was evident, the team said, that chimps have their own cultures. It took a long time to convince unbelievers that such cultures exist, but now we have plenty of examples of animals learning local traditions from one another.However, when many scientists have come to accept the existence of animal cultures, many of those cultures might disappear.Ammie Kalan and her colleagues have shown, through years of intensive fieldwork, that the very presence of humans has gradually reduced the diversity of chimp behavior.Where we grow, their cultures weaken.It is a bitterly ironic thing to learn on the 20th anniversary of Whiten’s classic study. “It’s amazing to think that just 60 years ago, we knew next to nothing of the behavior of our sister species in the wild, ” Whiten says.“But now, just as we are truly getting to know our primate (灵长类) cousins, the actions of humans are closing the window on all we have discovered.” No one knows whether the destruction of chimp cultures is getting worse.Obviously, conservationists need to think about saving species in a completely new way—by preserving animal traditions as well as bodies and genes.“Instead of focusing only on the conservation of genetically-based beings like species, we now need to also consider culturally-based ones, ” says Andrew Whiten. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。黑猩猩有自己的文化, 人类的存在逐渐减少了黑猩猩行为的多样性。因此, 我们需要考虑用一种全新的方式来拯救物种：既要保护动物的身体和基因, 也要保护它们的传统。 5.What does the author say we humans have been doing to chimps? (　　) A.Ruining their culture. B.Accelerating their extinction. C.Treating them as alien species. D.Standardizing their living habits. A 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“those aliens caused our art to fade...doing to our closest relatives—chimps”可知, 人类正在毁灭黑猩猩的文化, 故选A。 5 6 7 8 6.What is the finding of Andrew Whiten’s team?(　　) A.Chimps demonstrate highly developed skills of communication. B.Chimps rely heavily upon their body language to communicate. C.Chimps behave in ways quite similar to those of human beings. D.Different chimp groups differ in their way of communication. D 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Back in 1999, a team of scientists led by Andrew Whiten showed that chimps from different parts of Africa behave very differently from one another.”可知, Andrew Whiten领导的一组科学家发现来自不同地区的黑猩猩的行为截然不同, 故选D。A项“黑猩猩表现出高度发达的交流技能”, B项“黑猩猩非常依赖他们的肢体语言进行交流”, C项“黑猩猩的行为方式与人类非常相似”。 5 6 7 8 7.What did Ammie Kalan and her colleagues find through their intensive fieldwork?(　　) A.Whiten’s classic study has little impact on the diversity of chimp behavior. B.Chimp behavior becomes less varied with the increase of human activities. C.Chimps transform their culture to quickly adapt to the changed environment. D.It might already be too late to prevent animal cultures from extinction now. B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the very presence of humans has gradually reduced the diversity of chimp behavior.Where we grow, their cultures weaken”可知, 人类的存在逐渐减少了黑猩猩行为的多样性。我们在哪里成长, 它们的文化就在哪里减弱。故选B。 5 6 7 8 8.What does the author suggest conservationists do?(　　) A.Focus entirely on culturally-based beings rather than genetically-based ones. B.Place more stress on animal traditions than on their physical conservation. C.Conserve animal species in a novel and all-round way. D.Explore the cultures of species before they disappear. C 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“conservationists need to think about saving species in a completely new way—by preserving animal traditions as well as bodies and genes”可知, 作者建议自然环境保护主义者需要考虑用一种全新的方式来拯救物种——既要保护动物的身体和基因, 也要保护它们的传统, 故选C。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分, 共15分) Elmer Whitaker sighed as he looked over his muddy crops.A terrible 1 had swept through his farm the night before, and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed.His neighbor, a kind young man named Thomas, 3 to offer his help. “What a disaster, ” Whitaker said. “My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field.I feel 4 and don’t know what to do now.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Thomas calmed him down and thought for a moment.“I see this not as a disaster but as an 5 , ” he said.Whitaker looked at him 6 .“How can it be?” he asked.Thomas smiled 7 , “Now you have a chance to try something new.You’ve always grown beans and cabbages.Why not try planting 8 crops that will also fit in this soil? You can diversify and therefore 9 your farm once again.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 Elmer Whitaker considered this.Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways.This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way.“You have 11 me, ” Whitaker said.He clapped Thomas on the back.“Thank you for showing me the opportunity in this difficulty.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 And so Whitaker 12 new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again.Farmers from neighboring towns were 13 with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields, and they began to 14 their crops as well.Elmer Whitaker’s farm has become a 15 of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Elmer Whitaker的农场受灾后, 他开始多样化种植作物, Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征, 他的经历告诉每个人, 在每一次风暴中, 都有新的成长机会。 1.A.force　　　　　　　 B.smoke C.war D.storm 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 解析：根据上文的“he looked over his muddy crops”和下文的“What a disaster”可知, 这是一场灾难, 而且灾难过后庄稼被泥土覆盖, 所以结合选项可知, storm意思合适。故选D。 显示原文 2.A.mud B.grass C.mist D.dust 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“he looked over his muddy crops”可知, Whitaker看着泥泞的庄稼, 所以他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.went on B.set off C.came by D.burst in 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和下文“to offer his help”可知, 他的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖, 被摧毁了, 所以一个名叫Thomas的善良的年轻人过来帮忙。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.special B.desperate C.sensitive D.tireless 答案：B 解析：根据上文的“his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和“My whole family has always survived on the harvests of this field.”可知, 他的庄稼现在被泥土覆盖, 被摧毁了, 他的全家一直靠这片田地的收成生存, 所以他感到绝望。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.opportunity B.agreement C.intention D.element 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“Now you have a chance to try something new.”可知, 现在有机会尝试新事物, 所以Thomas认为这不是灾难, 而是机会。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.as usual B.in disbelief C.on purpose D.with pride 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“How can it be?”可知, Whitaker认为这不可能, 觉得难以置信。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.innocently B.gratefully C.politely D.cheerfully 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“smiled”和下文“Now you have a chance to try something new.”可知, Thomas认为现在Whitaker有机会尝试新事物了, 所以高兴地笑着说。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.major B.traditional C.different D.natural 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“You can diversify”可知, Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植, 即种植不同的作物。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.restore B.exchange C.donate D.abandon 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“and his crops were now covered in 2 and destroyed”和下文“your farm once again”可知, Whitaker的庄稼现在被泥浆覆盖, 被摧毁了, 所以此处指尝试种植适合这种土壤的不同作物, 从而再次恢复农场。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.formal B.diverse C.realistic D.obvious 答案：B 解析：根据上文的“You can diversify”和“Thomas was right—he had become set in his ways.”可知, Thomas建议Whitaker多样化种植, Whitaker认为Thomas是对的, 应该使他的农场多样化。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.informed B.demanded C.enlightened D.promised 答案：C 解析：根据上文的“This disaster could push him to make his farm 10 and sustainable in a new way.”可知, Whitaker认为Thomas是对的, 认为这场灾难可能会促使他以一种新的方式使他的农场多样化和可持续发展, 所以Whitaker认为Thomas启发了自己。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.tasted B.planted C.shared D.received 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“new crops and soon, the farm was full of life again”可知, 农场又充满了生机, 所以可以看出Whitaker种植了新作物。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.careful B.troubled C.familiar D.impressed 答案：D 解析：根据下文的“with the wonder of Whitaker’s fields”可知, 邻近城镇的农民对Whitaker的神奇田地印象深刻。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.diversify B.remove C.deliver D.observe 答案：A 解析：根据上文的“You can diversify”“Thomas was right”和“their crops as well”可知, Whitaker种植了多种作物, 邻近城镇的农民也开始多样化种植作物。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.manner B.dream C.symbol D.cause 答案：C 解析：根据下文的“of adaptability and hope, telling everyone that in every storm, there is a chance for new growth”可知, Elmer Whitaker的农场已经成为适应性和希望的象征。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.3:barely adv.几乎不,几乎没有;刚刚,仅仅,勉强可能 派生词汇 Para.2:worsen v.(使)变得更坏,变得更糟→worse adj.更糟的,更坏的,更差的 核心短语 Para.2:pick up改善,好转;增强;加速　think twice about doing对做……再三考虑,慎重考虑后再决定做……　flip over翻转 Para.4:now that既然,由于 Para.5:through thick and thin不顾艰难险阻,同甘共苦 B篇 核心单词 Para.1:alien adj.外星的;外国的,异域的;陌生的,不熟悉的 n.外星人;外国人,外侨　standardize v.使标准化;使符合标准(或规格) Para.2:identify v.确认,认出,鉴定　evident adj.清楚的;显而易见的;显然的 Para.3:intensive adj.密集的;强化的,加强的;彻底的　fieldwork n.实地研究,野外考察 Para.5:conservationist n.自然环境保护主义者　preserve v.维护,保护,保留;维持……的原状,保存,保养 派生词汇 Para.1:presence n.存在;在场,出席→present adj.现存的,当前的;在场的 Para.3:existence n.存在,实有;生活,生活方式→exist v.存在,实际上有;生活,生存→existing adj.现存的,现行的 diversity n.多样化,多样性;差异(性),不同(点)→diverse adj.不同的;相异的;多种多样的;形形色色的 Para.5:destruction n.摧毁;毁灭;破坏→destroy v.摧毁,毁灭,破坏;杀死,消灭 核心短语 Para.5:focus on聚焦于,集中注意力于,专注于 课时作业 20 Unit 2 Natural disasters(二) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分, 共20分) A (2024·山东潍坊一模)On a bright September day in the French Alps in 2022, John McAvoy was 38 kilometers into a very exhausting ultramarathon through rough mountain paths. Battling tiredness, he pushed his body and mind through the final leg of the race. With the finish arch in the famous town of Chamonix just four kilometers away and the cloud-topped peak of Mont Blanc high over him, McAvoy welled up with emotion. At that moment, he felt so free and alive. It was quite the opposite from where his life had been a decade before. He had just been released from prison after serving a 10-year sentence. Now 40 years old, McAvoy has spent the last 10 years rebuilding his life from one of crime to one with purpose.It was on this day, while running the ultramarathon, that he realized how significant conquering (征服) this mountain run could be for inner-city kids like him. After all, sport had helped him live a normal life again and open up his world. It could do the same for others. With the help of Youth Beyond Borders, McAvoy started the Alpine Run Project, which recently led 12 disadvantaged British young people through their own Mont Blanc races.The participants, from refugees (难民) to young reformed criminals and those who grew up in children’s homes, were matched with coaches, consultants and physiotherapists.After a six-month training program, the youth traveled to the Alps to meet up with McAvoy for their race. McAvoy says the highlight of this project for him was watching Yasmin Mahamud, a 20-year-old refugee from Syria, run through the finish arch and into the arms of her new friends. It was a life-changing high for Mahamud, too—inspiring her to keep running, take up martial arts and go to university to study physiotherapy. “It changed my point of view on life, ” says Mahamud. Pushing herself to complete the race gave her a brief experience of her own potential through hard work and devotion.“I will always be thankful to John for giving me this opportunity and guidance.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了服刑后重返社会寻找生活目标的John McAvoy通过参加阿尔卑斯山超级马拉松比赛改变了自己的生活, 然后创办了阿尔卑斯山长跑项目帮助其他处境困难的年轻人的故事。 1.How did John feel before the finish arch?(　　) A.He felt totally collapsed. B.He was peaceful and hopeful. C.He was satisfied with his pace. D.He felt as if completely reborn. D 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At that moment, he felt so free and alive. It was quite the opposite from where his life had been a decade before.”可知, John在终点拱门前, 感觉自己是如此的自由和鲜活, 和10年前的自己完全不同。由此可推知, 他感觉自己仿佛完全重生了一样。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 2.What can we learn about John from paragraph 3?(　　) A.He was a builder 10 years ago. B.He realized the importance of sports. C.He ran to make up for his past wrongs. D.He had sympathy for the inner-city children. B 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was on this day, while running the ultramarathon, that he realized how significant conquering this mountain run could be for inner-city kids like him.After all, sport had helped him live a normal life again and open up his world.”可知, John认识到了体育运动的重要性, 因为它帮助自己重新过上了正常人的生活, 打开了他的世界。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 3.Who most probably took part in the recent Mont Blanc races?(　　) A.A running coach.　　　　 B.A travel lover. C.A homeless teenager. D.A skilled athlete. C 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“12 disadvantaged British young people”和“The participants, from refugees to young reformed criminals and those who grew up in children’s homes”可知, 这次比赛的参与者都是境遇困难的人。由此可推知, 无家可归的少年最有可能参加勃朗峰的比赛。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 4.What message does John’s story convey?(　　) A.Live for the moment. B.Dream big and climb high. C.After the storm comes the rainbow. D.Run after the light and become the light. D 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知, 服刑后重返社会寻找生活目标的John通过参加阿尔卑斯山超级马拉松比赛改变了自己的生活, 然后创办了阿尔卑斯山长跑项目帮助和鼓励其他深陷困境的人。由此可知, John不仅追寻了自己人生的光, 还照亮了周围的世界。故D项(追逐光, 成为光)符合主题。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·浙江1月卷)On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail, ” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought, ” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas, ” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划, 以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。 5.What does the project aim to do?(　　) A.Conserve moisture in the soil. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming. B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。 题干中的the project指的就是第一段中所提到的Alberta Hail Suppression Project, 因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知, 飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体播撒一种化学物质, 使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知, 这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成, 故选B项。 5 6 7 8 6.Who are opposed to the project?(　　) A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies. C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. A 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“But farmers in east-central Alberta...worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知, 艾伯塔省中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知, 这些农民是反对这个计划的, 故选A项。 5 6 7 8 7.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?(　　) A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell”可知, Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度; 接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风; 随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?”, 怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水分。由此可推断出, Doswell博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云存在可能的风险, 故选C项。 5 6 7 8 8.What can we infer from the last paragraph?(　　) A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. D 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可知, 私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去, 也就是这些公司会继续存在下去, 故选D项。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分, 共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。 (2024·江苏南京、盐城调研) Pursue Your Dreams Today, Not Tomorrow Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams? We often postpone our dreams, trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait?1( )You don’t have to take a huge, life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now. A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 1.答案：B 解析：空后提到“你没有必要迈出巨大的改变命运的一步”, 所以空处应是表达可以从小事开始做出改变, 故B项“从小事开始做出改变是完全可以接受的”符合语境。 2( )If you never try, you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self. A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 2.答案：C 解析：根据下文, 尤其是“if you actually took a chance on yourself”和“Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可推知, 本段主要是强调“自己”在实现梦想中的主体作用, 故C项“你应该为了自己去追逐你的梦想”符合语境。 It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their fields.3( ) Embrace a mindset of determination, knowing that success is within your reach. A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 3.答案：G 解析：空前提到“你的年龄不重要, 身边有多少人提醒你你将永远不会成功也不重要, 甚至最成功的人都会犹豫”, 空后提到“要拥有坚定的思维模式, 知道成功就在触手可及的范围内”, 所以空处应是鼓励读者摆脱疑虑, 坚定信心, 故G项“尽管很难, 在你的脑海中摆脱疑惑是至关重要的”符合语境。 At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you, you’re never going to forgive yourself.4( ) It’s what you would encourage your friends to do, so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push? A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 4.答案：F 解析：空后句子表示“这是你会鼓励你朋友去做的事情”, 句中的it应是指代空处句子描述的行为, 并且该行为应是积极的, 且空前表示不要让恐惧占了上风, 故F项“你需要丢掉你的不安并且探索你的全部潜力”符合语境。 Sometimes, following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule, but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your heart.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams.5( ) Pursue your dreams now, even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone, and even though it means entering the unknown. A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurity and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 5.答案：E 解析：空前主要讲“有时候追随你的爱好意味着你每天都要花很多时间。它可能需要你根据你的计划作出微小的调整, 但是你没有必要为了跟从内心而牺牲一切。努力在你目前的生活和你的梦想之间找到一种平衡”。故E项“如果一切顺利, 你可以慢慢地作出进一步的改变”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分, 共15分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红旗渠建设的背景、过程和意义。 (2024·安徽合肥第一次质量检测)There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1 others’ doubts. The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulties with 2 ______ (determine) and hard work. 1.答案：despite 解析：考查介词。结合句意“一个90多岁的老人和他的家人, 不顾他人的质疑, 一起移山以连接外部世界”可知, 空处的意思是“不管, 不顾”, 空后接的是名词短语, 所以空处填despite。 2.答案：determination 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知, 空处跟在介词with的后面作宾语, 需要用名词形式, 所以空处填determination。 The story became a reality in Lin County, Henan Province in the 1960s. A 1, 500-kilometer-long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖) of the Taihang Mountains 3 (build) by the local people within 10 years, bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi Province to the drought-hit area. 3.答案：was built 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知, 空处作句子的谓语, 结合上一句的时间状语in the 1960s可知, 此处讲的是过去发生的事情, 时态用一般过去时; 主语a 1, 500-kilometer-long waterway和build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系; 主语为第三人称单数, 所以空处填was built。 Initially, finding drinking water was 4 headache for residents：People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. 5 (ease) this area’s water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 6 _________ construction was a remarkable engineering achievement. 4.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。结合句意“找饮用水对当地人来说是一件令人头疼的事情”可知, 空处需要用冠词, 表示泛指概念, 又因空后的headache的发音以辅音音素开头, 所以空处填a。 5.答案：To ease 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 本句的谓语动词是decided, 空处在句中作非谓语。结合句意“为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺问题, 当地政府决定修建一条横跨山脉的水渠”可知, 空处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语。又因设空处位于句首, 首字母需大写, 所以空处填To ease。 6.答案：whose 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导定语从句, 先行词是表示物的名词canal, 与construction之间是从属关系, 所以空处填whose。 People tied ropes around their waists and 7 (hang) off cliffs, drilling holes in rocks, and then dug canals with simple tools. From February 1960 to July 1969, they leveled 1, 250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道), 8 (remove) 22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks. 7.答案：hung 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知, 空处与and前面的tied并列, 作本句的谓语。本句讲的是过去发生的事情, 时态用一般过去时; people和hang之间为主谓关系, 所以空处填hung。 8.答案：removing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 本句的谓语动词是leveled和dug, 空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语they与remove之间是主谓关系, 所以空处填removing。 Their efforts gained multiple 9 (benefit). It was the canal that 10 (dramatic) changed the life of the local people, irrigating (灌溉) 36, 000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties for some 567, 000 people. Their deeds have been hailed (称颂) as the “spirit of the Red Flag Canal”. 9.答案：benefits 解析：考查名词单复数。分析句子结构可知, 空处作gained的宾语, benefit在此处作名词, 根据空前的multiple可知, 空处需要用名词复数, 所以空处填benefits。 10.答案：dramatically 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知, 空处修饰空后的动词changed, 需要用副词, 所以空处填dramatically。 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.4:disadvantaged adj.弱势的;社会地位低下的 派生词汇 Para.1:tiredness n.疲劳;疲倦→tired adj.疲惫的 熟词生义 Para.1:leg 常用义:n.腿　文章义:n.一段路程(或赛程) Para.2:sentence 常用义:n.句子　文章义:n.判决;判刑 核心短语 Para.1:well up with涌出;迸发 Para.4:meet up with会面;偶遇 B篇 核心单词 Para.1:costly adj.造成损失的　insurance n.保险　precious adj.宝贵的 Para.2:drought n.干旱 Para.5:proof n.证据　proceed v.继续进行 第5题C选项:disastrous adj.灾难性的 派生词汇 Para.1:threatening adj.带有威胁性的;阴沉沉的→threat n.威胁→threaten v.威胁 熟词生义 Para.1:seed 常用义:n.种子,籽　文章义:v.播种 thirsty 常用义:adj.口渴的　文章义:adj.干旱的 Para.2:address 常用义:n.地址　文章义:v.演说,演讲 核心短语 Para.5:in practice实际上 第6题:be opposed to反对 $$