必修3 Unit 1 Nature in the balance-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（译林版）

必修第三册 Unit 1　Nature in the balance 主题语境　人与动植物 单元主题· 创意背记 板块一　词句背诵 1.harm n.& vt.　　　 　伤害,损害 harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 2.soil n. 土壤;国土,领土,土地 3.ecosystem n. 生态系统 背诵默写本 4.overseas adj. 海外的,国外的 adv. 在海外,向国外 5.region n. 地区,区域;行政区 regional adj. 地区的 6.continent n. 大陆,陆地,洲 7.million num. 一百万;许多,大量 8.length n. 长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长 long adj. 长的 lengthen vt. 加长 for any length of time相当长的一段时间 within an arm’s length近在咫尺 9.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 10.species n.(pl.species) 种,物种 11.nut n. 坚果 brazil nut巴西坚果 12.lily n. 百合(花) water lily睡莲 13.variety n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体 vary vi. (根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同 vt. 变更,改变 various adj. 各种不同的,各种各样的 a variety of 各种各样的 14.wildlife n. 野生动植物,野生生物 15.beneath prep. 在……下面,在……下方;配不上 16.mass n. 大量;团,块,堆;一大群 adj. 大批的,广泛的 the masses群众 mass production批量生产 17.towering adj. 高大的,高耸的;出色的 18.hardwood n. 阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材) 19.living adj. 活着的,活的;在使用的 n. 生计,谋生;生活方式 20.mammal n. 哺乳动物 21.jaguar n. 美洲豹,美洲虎 22.survive vi. 生存,存活 vt. 幸存,幸免于难 survival n. 幸存;生还 survivor n. 幸存者 23.frog n. 蛙,青蛙 24.insect n. 昆虫 25.microorganism n. 微生物 26.nutrient n. 营养素,营养物 nutrition n. 营养 nutritious adj. 有营养的,营养丰富的 27.carbon n. 碳 28.oxygen n. 氧,氧气 29.thus adv. 因此,从而;这样 30.disappear vi. 不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪 disappearance n. 消失,失踪 appear vi. 出现,呈现;显得,看来,似乎 appearance n. 出现;外观,外貌 31.agriculture n. 农业,农学 agricultural adj. 农业的;农艺的 32.cattle n. 牛 33.impact n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 vi.& vt. 有影响;冲击 34.extinction n. 灭绝,绝种 extinct adj. 灭绝的,绝种的 35.damage vt.& n. 损害,伤害,损坏,破坏 do/cause damage to对……造成损害 36.climate n. 气候;倾向,风气 37.global adj. 全球的;全面的 globe n. 球体;球状物;地球仪;地球,世界 38.greenhouse n. 温室,暖房 39.gas n. 气体;煤气;汽油 40.drought n. 旱灾,久旱 41.application n. 应用,运用;申请 apply vt.& vi. 应用;申请;涂;有关;运用 applicant n. 申请人 42.brochure n. 小册子 43.organization n. 组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理 organize vt. 组织;安排 organizer n. 组织者 organized adj. 有组织的;有条理的 44.absolutely adv. 绝对地,完全地;极其 absolute adj. 绝对的,完全的 45.belt n. 地带,地区;腰带;传送带 46.medal n. 奖章,勋章 47.image n. 形象;图像;意象 48.shark n. 鲨鱼 49.whale n. 鲸 50.deer n.(pl.deer) 鹿 51.track vt.& vi. 跟踪,追踪 n. 足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线 52.habitat n. 生活环境,栖息地 53.nowhere adv. 无处,哪里都不 go/get nowhere毫无进展;一无所获 lead/get (sb.) nowhere没有结果 nowhere to be seen不可能看见 54.dolphin n. 海豚 55.resident n. 居民,住户 56.chief n. 首领,最高领导人 adj. 主要的;首席的 57.committee n. 委员会 58.entirely adv. 完全地,全部地,完整地 entire adj. 完全的,全部的,整个的 59.smog n. 雾霾,烟雾 60.protest vi. 反对,抗议 vt. 反对;坚持声称,申辩 n. 抗议,反对 61.profit n. 利润,收益;好处 vi.& vt. 获益,得到好处 62.defence (AmE defense) n. 辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守 defend vt.& vi. 保护,防御;辩白,辩解 defensive adj. 防御性的;自我保护的 in defence of保护;为……作解释或辩护 63.various adj. 各种不同的,各种各样的 vary vi.& vt. 有变化;改变 variety n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体 64.process n. 过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt. 加工,处理 in the process of在……的过程中 65.economic adj. 经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的 economical adj. 节约的;经济的 economy n. 经济 economist n. 经济学家 economics n. 经济学 66.policy n. 政策,方针;原则 67.branch n. (政府或机构)部门;分部;树枝;支流;分支 68.strategy n. 策略,行动计划;策划,部署 69.recycle vt. 回收利用,再利用 70.subway n. 地铁;地下人行道 71.former adj. 昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的 72.official n. 官员,要员 adj. 公务的;正式的,官方的 officially adv. 官方地,正式地 official language官方语言 73.poverty n. 贫穷,穷困;贫乏 74.poison vt. 污染;毒死,毒害 n. 毒物,毒药 poisonous adj. 有毒的 75.chemical n. 化学制品 adj. 化学的;化学作用的 chemist n. 化学家 chemistry n. 化学;化学成分 76.consequence n. 结果,后果;重要性 consequent adj. 随之发生的 consequently adv. 因此;结果 as a consequence/in consequence结果,因此 77.further adj. 更多的,更进一步的 adv. 较远,更远;进一步 vt. 促进,增进 far adj.& adv. 远的/地 farther adj.& adv. 更远的/地 furthest/farthest adj.& adv. 最远的/地 ◆背核心短语 1.in turn相应地,转而 2.break down使分解(为),使变化(成) 3.breathe life into给……带来起色,注入活力 4.due to由于,因为 5.build up逐渐增加,扩大 6.come up with想出,想到 7.call for (公开)要求;需要 8.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) 9.get rid of摆脱,丢弃,扔掉 10.give rise to使发生(或存在) ◆背单元语块 1.a huge sea of green 一片巨大的绿色海洋 2.be home to different kinds of living things成为各种生物的家园 3.a senior manager of a local factory一家工厂的高管 4.have significant environmental costs付出了高昂的环境代价 5.colour the sky a smoky grey把天空染成了烟灰色 6.make huge profits牟取暴利 7.be concerned about the environment 担忧环境 8.reduce pollution in the production process减少生产过程中产生的污染 9.maintain air and water quality维护空气质量和水质量 10.advance economic growth提供经济增长 1.倍数表达法 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米,相当于中国面积的一半以上。 2.“介词+which”引导定语从句 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6 400千米,比长江还长约100千米。 3.完全倒装 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 黑暗的森林地面以上是大量落叶。 4.while引导让步状语从句 While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 5.省略 Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. 一些人呼吁应用现代技术,另一些人则呼吁改变生活方式。 6.so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 7.even though引导让步状语从句 We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process,even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种各样的措施,包括新科技手段的运用,来减少生产过程中产生的污染,尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 板块二　默写练习 第一组　核心单词 1. pollute and seas污染土壤和海洋 2. one region of France一个法国海外行政区 3. the of Africa非洲大陆 4. tens of of dollars数千万美元 5. 400 kilometres in 长400千米 6. the richest 最丰富的生物多样性 soils overseas continent millions length biodiversity 7. provide food and 提供食物和住所 8. Conservation Society野生生物保护协会 9. the ground地表之下 10. a of snow and rocks一堆积雪和石块 11. the ancient hardwoods高大的古老阔叶林 12. close to 濒临灭绝 13. return the to the earth把营养物质送回土壤 14. the environmental of tourism旅游业对环境的影响 shelter Wildlife beneath mass towering extinction nutrients impact 15. cause to property 对财产造成损失 16. all kinds of things各种各样的生物 17. a conservation area for endangered 濒临物种保护区 18. reduce the footprint降低碳排放量 19. take in 吸入氧气 20. ten head of 十头牛 21. the threat of global change全球气候变化的威胁 22. show interest in 对昆虫感兴趣 damage living species carbon oxygen cattle climate insects 23. ⁠ of the Norgate Environmental Protection 诺盖特环境保护委员会的最高领导人 24. against反对 25. make huge 取得巨大的利润 26. in the production 在生产过程中 27. environmental 环境政策 28. other of government 其他政府部门 29. development 发展策略 chief Committee protest profits process policies branches strategies 30. a UN official联合国前官员 31. out of 摆脱贫穷 32. education继续教育 33. a local 一个当地居民 34. a heavy 一层浓烟 35. domestic waste回收生活垃圾 36. take the ⁠乘地铁 former poverty further resident smog recycle subway 第二组　拓展词汇 1. n. & vt.伤害,损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的 2. n. 地区,区域;行政区→ adj.地区的 3. n. 长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→ vt.加长→ adj.长的 harm harmful harmless region regional length lengthen long 4. n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体→ adj.各种不同的,各种各样的→ vi.(根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同vt.变更,改变 5. vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难→ n. 幸存;生还→ n. 幸存者 6. n. 营养素,营养物→ n. 营养→ adj. 有营养的,营养丰富的 variety various vary survive survival survivor nutrient nutrition nutritious 7. vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪→ n. 消失,失踪→ v. 出现,呈现;显得, 看来,似乎→ n. 出现;外观,外貌 8. n. 农业,农学→ adj.农业的; 农艺的 9. n. 灭绝,绝种→ adj.灭绝的,绝种的 10. adj.全球的;全面的→ n. 球体,球状物;地球仪;地球,世界 disappear disappearance appear appearance agriculture agricultural extinction extinct global globe 11. n. 应用,运用;申请→ vt.& vi.应用;申请;涂;有关;运用→ n. 申请人 12. n. 组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理→ vt. 组织;安排 13. adv.绝对地,完全地;极其→ adj.绝对的,完全的 14. adv.完全地,全部地,完整的→ adj.完全的,全部的,整个的 application apply applicant organization organize absolutely absolute entirely entire 15. n. 辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守 → vt.& vi.保护,防御;辩白,辩解→ adj.防御性的;自我保护的 16. adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的→ ⁠ n. 经济→ n. 经济学家 17. n. 结果,后果;重要性→ adj.随之发生的→ adv.因此;结果 defence/defense defend defensive economic economy economist consequence consequent consequently 第三组　重点短语 1. 相应地,转而 2. 使分解(为),使变化(成) 3. 给……带来起色,注入活力 4. 由于,因为 5. 逐渐增加,扩大 6. 想出,想到 7. (公开)要求;需要 in turn break down breathe life into due to build up come up with call for 8. 突然记起(或想到) 9. 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉 10. 使发生(或存在) spring to mind get rid of give rise to 第四组　课文佳句 1. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest ⁠. 亚马孙雨林面积约为600万平方千米,相当于中国面积的一半以 上。 is more than half the size of China 2. The Amazon River, ⁠ , is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河长接近6 400千米,比长江还 长约100千米。 3. Above that ⁠ on the dark forest floor. 黑暗的森林地面以上是大量落叶。 from which the rainforest gets its name is the mass of leaf litter 板块三　语基自测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. (2024·浙江1月卷)For downloadable lessons, visit the ⁠ (office)website of Children’s Theatre. 2. Here you can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium—the world’s largest—and see up to 20,000 fish, in addition to a whale shark 68 metres in ⁠ (long). official length 3. As a man of the soil, he cared little for celebrity or money.Instead, he made large donations to support ⁠ (agriculture) research. 4. In the course of this life, I have had a great many encounters with a great many people who have been concerned with matters of ⁠ (consequent). agricultural consequence 5. As is often the case, all over the world with new areas of ⁠ (economy) activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. 6. Research shows the birth rate is highest in ⁠ educated rural areas and that education is one of the most effective means to emerge from ⁠. (poor) economic poorly poverty 7. Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase chances of . Maybe this is why she was the only ⁠ of the accident.(survive) 8. There are goods in the new supermarket, ⁠ from cents to dollars.The ⁠ of them attracts many customers.(vary) survival survivor various varying variety Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1. The bus driver asked the passengers to ⁠ (依次上公交车). 2. It was (因为缺钱) that their marriage broke up. 3. To our disappointment, our car (抛锚) on the way and we had to walk to our destination. get on the bus in turn due to lack of money broke down 4. (各种各样的办法) have been provided for us to solve the problem.We can choose one to start with. 5. You need rest and have a balanced diet to ⁠ (增强体质) after your illness. 6. The famous actor’s disappearance ⁠ (引起最疯狂的谣言). 7. We need some new people to (给 这个项目注入活力). 8. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to ⁠ (提出了万有引力定律). A variety of solutions build up your strength gave rise to the wildest rumours breathe life into this project come up with his theory of gravity Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1. 据报道,新建的博物馆的大小是原来的三倍。(倍数表达法) It is reported that the new museum is ⁠ the original one. 2. 虽然年轻一代更喜欢视觉交流,但对于那些习惯使用电子邮件 等传统工具的人来说,这可能会感觉像一个学习曲线。(while) ⁠ visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve. three times the size of While the younger generations prefer to communicate 3. 今天上午杰克要面试几个候选人,下午约翰要面试几个候选人。(省略) Jack will interview several candidates this morning and ⁠ ⁠. John this afternoon 4. 在我们学生的簇拥下,一位经验丰富的退休植物学家耐心地给我们做了一些关于植物的介绍,从中我们对各种植物有了详细的了解。(“介词＋which” 引导定语从句) Surrounded by us students, an experienced retired botanist gave us some introductions about plants with patience , ⁠ ⁠. 5. 她喜欢音乐,我也是。(so＋助动词＋主语) She likes music and ⁠. from which we got a detailed account of a variety of plants so do I 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 课时作业 17 Unit 1 Nature in the balance(一) 课时作业 18 Unit 1 Nature in the balance(二) Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 1. harm n. 伤害,损害vt.损害,伤害→ adj.有害的;造成 损害的→ adj.无害的;无恶意的 (1)do/cause harm to...＝do/cause...harm对……造成伤害 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处 do more harm than good 弊大于利 come to no harm＝not come to any harm 没有受到伤害/损害 (2)be harmful to...对……有害 (3)be harmless to sb./sth.对某人/某物无害 harmful harmless ①(人教选必三U2)To prevent ⁠ (harm) habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. ②(外研选必三U6)She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm ⁠ plants, animals and even humans. harmful to ③众所周知,观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子们有害。(建议信) →As we know,watching violence on TV really ⁠. (harm vt.) →As we know,watching violence on TV really ⁠ ⁠ . (harm n. ) →As we know,watching violence on TV ⁠. (harmful adj.) harms children does harm to children/does children harm/causes harm to children/causes children harm is really harmful to children 2. survive vt.幸存,幸免于难;比……活得长vi.生存,存活;残留 → n. 幸存者→ n. 幸存;生还 (1)survive sth.幸免于;从……中挺过来/活过来 survive the earthquake在地震中幸免于难/存活下来 survive on依靠……生存下来 A survive B(by...)A比B活得长…… (2)fight for survival 为生存而奋斗 survivor survival ①(北师大选必一U3)Of course,as we humans depend on so many species for our ⁠ (survive),we would also be at risk of dying out. ②生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起 舞。(升华句) Life isn’t about ⁠ while it’s about learning to dance in the rain. survival how to survive the storm ③After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right. → ⁠ , we were confident that everything else would be all right. (现在分词短语作状语) [实战贴士]　survive表示 “幸免于” 时,是及物动词,因而不再加多余的介词in,from等。 Having survived that night 3. in turn相应地,转而 in one’s turn轮到某人;依次 by turns轮流;时而……时而…… in return作为报答;回报;作为交换(in exchange) in return for...作为……的交换;作为对……的报答 ①I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which ⁠ turn can help us improve ourselves. ②We learn both how to love and how to be loved ⁠ return. ③自然给予我们生存所需要的条件。作为回报,我们应该保护我 们赖以生存的环境。 ⁠ ⁠ in in Nature offers us what we need to live on.In return,we should protect the environment we rely/depend/rest on. 4. break down(机器)出故障;破坏;(谈判、希望、计划等)失败;破 裂;使分解(为),使变化(成);(身体)垮掉 break away (from) 挣脱(束缚);脱离 break off 中断;折断 break in 强行进入;打断;插嘴(后无宾语) break into 强行闯入(后接宾语) break out (战争、火灾等)爆发;发生(无被动语态) break up 驱散;分散;打碎;分手 break through 克服,战胜;突破 ①He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead,because the air-conditioning system broke down. ⁠ ②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. ⁠ ③To understand the grammar of the sentence,you must break it down into parts. ⁠ 出故障 失败 分解 用break相关短语的正确形式填空 ④What if you with your partner? ⑤The room is in a mess.It must have been ⁠. ⑥In the summer of 2016,a terrible flood ⁠ in the south of China,causing great damage to the people there. break up broken into broke out 5. call for(公开)要求;呼吁;需要 call up给……打电话;使……回忆起;征召……入伍 call off取消;停止进行 call on(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;号召,呼吁 call at＋地点　拜访(某地) 用call相关短语的正确形式填空 ①The saying concerning friendship one unforgettable thing that I went through last year. ②Your plan is excellent to some extent,but it much money. ③I quickly learned that flights headed to the Northeast were ⁠ ⁠ because of a storm. ④Mr.White ⁠ my house after he finished his speech. calls up calls for called off called at ⑤发展长江经济带是一项系统工程,需要有明确的路线图和时 间表。 Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project ⁠. which calls for a clear road map and timetable ⑥作为一名志愿者,我呼吁所有人参与并共同努力战胜这种疾 病。 ⁠ ⁠ [实战贴士]　与“打电话”有关的其他短语：ring up给……打电话, ring/call back回复电话, ring off挂断电话, give sb.a ring/call给某人 打电话, hang/hold on不挂断。 As a volunteer,I called on all the people to participate and make joint efforts to overcome the disease. 6. defence (AmE defense) n. 辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守 → vt.防御;保护,保卫;辩白;辩护→ adj. 防御性的;自我保护的 (1)in defence of保卫……;为……作解释/辩护 (2)defend sb./sth. from/against sb./(doing) sth. 保护某人/物免受伤 害;保卫某人/物 defend defensive ①(译林必修三U1)In ⁠ (defend) of factories,however,I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If he seems a little ⁠ (defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. defence defensive ③我和妻子用胡椒喷雾保护我们自己不受北极熊的攻击。 My wife and I used pepper spray ⁠ ⁠ by the polar bear. ④看到这条蛇,他冲过去保护儿子。(动作描写) →Seeing the snake, he ⁠ his son.(defend) →Seeing the snake, he ⁠ his son. (defence) to defend ourselves from/against being attacked rushed to defend rushed in defence of 7. consequence n. 后果,结果;重要性→ adj.随之发 生的→ adv.因此;结果 as a consequence (＝in consequence＝as a result)结果,因此 as a consequence of (＝as a result of)由于 in consequence＝consequently adv.因此;结果 consequent consequently ①Human beings damaged the habitats of animals,tracked and killed them. ⁠ (consequence),the ecosystem was destroyed. ②The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence,it broke down soon. → ⁠ ⁠ , the plan broke down soon. Consequently As a consequence/result of the lack of support from the government 8. starve vi.& vt.饿死,(使)挨饿;使极其缺乏→ n. 饥饿;挨饿 (1)starve to death饿死 be starved of/for...极其缺乏…… (2)die of/from starvation饿死 starvation ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,改编)Worldwide ⁠ (starve) is a consequence of food waste according to the test. ②The department has been starved ⁠ resources. ③这些可怜的孩子极其缺乏关注。 The poor kids ⁠. ④If it had not been for the money he lent me, I could have starved to death. →If it had not been for the money he lent me, I could have ⁠ ⁠. starvation of/for are starved of/for attention died of/from starvation 9. 倍数表达法 [教材原句]　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨 林面积约为600万平方千米,是中国国土面积的一半以上。 常见的倍数表达法： (1)A is ＋ 倍数 ＋ the size/ weight/ height /length/ width...＋of B (2)A is ＋ 倍数 ＋ as ＋形容词/副词原级 ＋ as B (3)A is ＋ 倍数 ＋ 形容词/副词比较级 ＋ than B (4)A is ＋ 倍数 ＋ what从句 ①The electronic waste stream is increasing three times ⁠ (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole. ②The number of students now in this school is four times ⁠ it was ten years ago. faster what ③正在修建的新体育馆将是之前的两倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be ⁠ the previous one.(size) →The new stadium being built will be ⁠ the previous one.(as) [实战贴士]　(1)表示 “两倍” 时用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达;(2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语来表达。 twice the size of twice as big as Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1. (外研必修一U2)If harmless actions are the opposite of ⁠ (harm) actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? 2. (外研必修二U3)By the end of the run, all my stress has ⁠ (appear) and I’m ready to face the next day at work! harmful disappeared 3. (外研必修二U6)However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy ⁠ making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 4. (人教必修三U1) I ⁠ (absolute) enjoyed the archery,too, but the horse races were my favourite part. 5. (外研选必一U5)Plants can steal food from each other, or spread ⁠ (poison) to attack other plants. as absolutely poisons 6. (剑桥词典)When preparing meals, you need to think about ⁠ (vary) and taste as well as nutritional value. 7. (2024·浙江1月卷)Our formative environment as ⁠ species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. 8. (剑桥词典)This group of chemicals is known to be harmful ⁠ people with asthma. variety a to Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1. 毫无疑问,不健康的早餐不仅对他们的健康有害,而且对学习也 有害。 an unhealthy breakfast will ⁠ not only their health but also studies. There is no doubt that do harm to 2. 他在一次事故中失去了双腿,因此,他的生活完全毁了。 →He lost his legs in an accident, ⁠ , his life was completely destroyed.(consequently) →He lost his legs in an accident, ⁠ , ⁠his life was completely destroyed. (consequence) → ⁠ losing his legs in an accident, his life was completely destroyed. (consequence) and consequently and as a consequence/in consequence As a consequence of/In consequence of 3. 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在,我们新学校的面积是 10年前的三倍大。(影评) →The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is ⁠ what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as) →The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is ⁠ what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than) →The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is ⁠ what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of) three times as large as three times larger than three times the size of 4. 他们修理好并重新粉刷了在地震中受损的大楼。(动作描写) →They have repaired and painted again the buildings ⁠ . (damage vt.) →They have repaired and painted again the buildings the earthquake . (damage n. ) (which were) damaged in the earthquake caused/did damage to Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——一词多义 (1)He broke down and wept when he heard the news.________ (2)Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them.________ (3)Talks between the two sides had broken down, which made us disappointed.________ A. 分解　 B. (身体等)垮掉　 C. (谈判等)失败　 D. (情感等)失控　 E. 打破, 消除 D E 1. break down C (4)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.________ (5)Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances. ________ A. 分解　 B. (身体等)垮掉　 C. (谈判等)失败　 D. (情感等)失控　 E. 打破, 消除 B A 1. break down (1)It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. ________ (2)We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer’s.________ A. n.足迹, 轨迹　 B. n.小路, 小径　 C. n.跑道　 D. v.跟踪, 追踪 B A 2. track (3)The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates. ________ (4)The teacher asked them to run five times round the track as punishment. ________ A. n.足迹, 轨迹　 B. n.小路, 小径　 C. n.跑道　 D. v.跟踪, 追踪 D C 2. track (1)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.________ (2)A belt of trees grows between the two fields, which looks beautiful. ________ (3)I was upset that the belt I just bought couldn’t wrap round my waist. ________ A.n.地带, 地区　 B.n.腰带　 C.n.传送带 C 3. belt A B (1)The river divides here into two branches.________ (2)English is a branch of the Germanic family of languages. ________ (3)Follow the main road until it branches, and then turn to the right. ________ A. v.发出分支　 B. n.分支　 C. n.枝条　 D. n.部门　 E. n.支流 E 4. branch B A (4)The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.________ (5)Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.________ A. v.发出分支　 B. n.分支　 C. n.枝条　 D. n.部门　 E. n.支流 C 4. branch D 培优2　单元话题写作——保护环境 根据提示, 运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m a student from Chongqing, China.I’m writing to ask you to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises. ① ________________ ________________________________________________________ (受到人类活动的严重影响, 长江中的江豚面临灭绝的危险; 分词作状语).To our disappointment, ② _____ _____________________________________ (大约仅剩下1 000只江豚; 过去分词作后置定语) at present. affected by human activities,Finless Porpoises in the Yangtze River are in danger of dying out Seriously there are only about 1,000 Finless Porpoises left We sincerely hope that WWF can play a part in protecting this endangered species. First of all, a sponsorship will be of great help. But most importantly, we need information from experts in WWF to help us better understand the animals, so that we can take better care of them. Besides, ③ ______________________________________ (应该雇用更多的工人帮助我们; 被动语态).Challenging as the task is, we are certain that ④_______________________ (我们最终会取得成功). more workers should be employed to help us we will succeed in the end ⑤________________________________________________ (如果你可以考虑我们的请求, 我将非常感激) and I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua I would appreciate it if you could take our request into consideration 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [场景描写]　hardwood n.阔叶树;硬材(阔叶树的木材)　jaguar n.美洲豹,美洲虎　track n.足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线　consequence n.结果,后果;重要性 [动作描写]　defence (AmE defense) n.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守→defend vt.保护;防御;辩白　survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难　come up with想出,想到　call for (公开)要求;需要　spring to mind突然记起(或想到) 美句 1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(列数字) 2.The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable. It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. It’s our duty to leave a better,cleaner and healthier planet to our children. It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future.(升华句) Step 2　语料运用【遇到美洲虎后】 　　当我和我的朋友马克(Mac)正在长满阔叶树的丛林里走着时,我们看到一只美洲虎向我们走来。我吓得瑟瑟发抖,一生中从未这么害怕过。过了一会儿,马克想出了一个好主意。 My friend Mac and I ① _______ ______________________________________________________________________ (be doing sth. when...; see＋宾语＋宾语补足语) towards us.②__________________ (现在分词作状语), I had never been so scared in all my life. After a while, ③ ____________ ____________________ (无生命名词作主语). were walking in the jungle full of hardwoods when we saw a jaguar walking Shaking like a leaf a good idea sprang to Mac’s mind 他从包里拿出一些饼干, 撕开包装, 把它们朝四面八方扔了出去。结果, 美洲虎没有再追我们而是朝食物的方向走去了。我们沿着猎人的足迹走出了森林。我从这次经历中吸取了教训, 面对危险时我们应该冷静和勇敢。 He ④ __________________________________ _____________________________________________________ (动作链描写).As a consequence, the jaguar didn’t chase after us.Instead, he walked towards the food. We followed the hunter’s tracks, ⑤______________________ (现在分词作状语). I learned a lesson from this experience that ⑥ _______________________ _________________________ (when引导的时间状语从句的省略). took out some biscuits from his bag,tore the packages,and threw them away in all directions walking out of the forest when facing danger we should be calm and brave 语料积累 【情感细节描写:悲伤、沮丧与孤独(二)】 单词 broken-hearted;heartbroken;gloomy;desperate;desperation;grieve; grieved;sad;sadness;sorrow;sorrowful;bitter;miserable 词块 get a face like a wet weekend愁云惨淡;be in a bad mood/feel blue心情不好;shed tears of sorrow流下痛苦的眼泪;in the depth of sorrow/deep in sorrow极度悲伤;reduce...to tears使伤心得流泪;burst into tears号啕大哭;down in the mouth垂头丧气,嘴角下垂;floods of tears泪如决堤;be overcome with sadness悲伤不已;be numb with sorrow/sadness 难过得麻木 句型 An air of sorrow and loneliness settled over her.(无生命名词作主语) 悲伤和孤独的气氛笼罩着她。 He seemed quite broken-hearted, and even cried a little. 他似乎悲痛欲绝,甚至还流了些泪。 Feeling left out, Jane got desperate with loneliness.(非谓语动词作状语) 简感到被冷落,孤独使她感到绝望。 She rode home from school slowly, numb with sorrow. 她从学校慢慢地骑车回家,心难过得麻木了。 When we heard the bad news, tears streamed down our cheeks. 当我们听到这个坏消息时,泪水顺着我们的脸颊流了下来。 She felt so sad that she found herself weeping, unable to hold back her tears.(so...that...) 她很伤心,不知不觉哭了,眼泪止不住。 课时作业 17 Unit 1 Nature in the balance(一) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分, 共20分) A (2024·山东济南高三期末)In the animal world, speed is king.Fast animals have a leg up in outrunning other animals, which puts them high on the food chain.It would seem that all animals would go for speed, but then there’s the sloth (树懒).While a lion can go from 0 to 60 miles an hour in only five seconds, it takes a sloth all day to cover no more than 50 meters. Sloths live entirely in trees on a diet of leaves.And for this, they are extremely rare.While most of the land world is covered by trees, there are very few vertebrates (脊椎动物) that call the tree home.The aim of a 2016 study, says Jonathan Pauli, professor of forest and wildlife ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique.“Among vertebrates, this is the rarest of lifestyles, ” says Pauli.“When you picture animals that live off plant leaves, they are almost all big—things like deer.What’s super interesting about sloths is that they can’t be big.” For their research, Pauli and his Wisconsin team studied wild sloths at a field site.When the researchers measured the energy use of sloths, they found a wildly low burning of as little as 110 calories of energy a day.And for this, they take the cake：it is the lowest measured energetic output for any mammal (哺乳动物). “The measurement was intended to find out what it cost sloths to live over a day, ”says Pauli, who adds that a diet of little but leaves lacks nutritional value and that the animal’s small size doesn’t allow for overeating—so sloths need to find ways to make the most of their diets, which means using tiny amounts of energy, dramatic control of body temperature and living at an extremely slow pace. Their reward? A wonderfully widespread ecological system to call their own, one slow inch at a time. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。在速度为王的动物界, 似乎所有的动物都在追求速度, 但树懒除外, 它拥有独特的生活方式。Pauli和他的团队对此进行了研究。 1.Why is a lion mentioned in paragraph 1?(　　) A.To admire lions’ speed. B.To state sloths’ weakness. C.To confirm lions’ lead position. D.To highlight sloths’ uniqueness. D 1 2 3 4 解析:推理判断题。 第一段提到狮子主要是在速度方面和树懒进行对比。再根据第二段中的“The aim of a 2016 study...was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique.”可知, 文章主要揭示树懒的独特性, 所以第一段提到狮子是为了用明显的对比引出文章主题, 即树懒的独特性, 故选D项。 1 2 3 4 2.What is the 2016 study mainly about?(　　) A.The lifestyle of sloths. B.The diet of vertebrates. C.The species of rare animals. D.The energy use of creatures. A 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“The aim of a 2016 study...was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique.”可知, 2016年的研究的目的是揭示树懒的独特性; 再根据第二段中的“Among vertebrates, this is the rarest of lifestyles”可知, A项“树懒的生活方式”正确。 1 2 3 4 3.What does the underlined part “take the cake” in paragraph 3 probably mean?(　　) A.Break down.　　　　　 B.Keep on. C.Stand out. D.Grow up. C 1 2 3 4 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“When the researchers...they found a wildly low burning of as little as 110 calories of energy a day.”和画线短语后的“it is the lowest measured energetic output for any mammal”可知, 当研究人员测量树懒的能量消耗时, 他们发现树懒每天消耗的能量极低, 只有110卡路里, 这是所有哺乳动物测得的最低能量输出。所以这一特点使得树懒很显眼。故画线短语与C项“突出, 显眼, 引人注目”的意思最为接近。 1 2 3 4 4.What can be inferred about sloths from Pauli’s words?(　　) A.Their slow pace is a balanced choice. B.They are faced with possible extinction. C.Their slow pace decides a tiny appetite. D.They suffer a lot against natural enemies. A 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“a diet of little but leaves...living at an extremely slow pace”可知, 树懒几乎只吃树叶的饮食缺乏营养价值, 而且树懒的体型小, 也不能吃得过多, 所以树懒需要找到充分利用饮食的方法, 这意味着使用少量的能量, 极大地控制体温, 并以非常缓慢的速度生活, 故选A项。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·山东青岛调研检测)Tree-planting, intended to help draw down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, has become a synonym (同义词) for climate action.In our constant focus on trees, we’ve developed a fixed understanding：Trees absorb carbon dioxide, end of story.The reality is that trees don’t grow well alone.They exist within complex communities, helped along by each other as well as the animals they coexist with.The woodland isn’t nature’s only carbon sink：Grasslands and oceans also help reduce the carbon level and rely on a healthy amount of biodiversity. That’s what the paper, published in Nature, wants to get across.Co-author Oswald J.Schmitz, a professor of ecology at Yale University, said trees might not be able to do their carbon-uptake job efficiently without the right animals in their ecosystem.That’s because animals animate the carbon cycle through their behavior and roles in the ecosystem.He added that the very presence of wild animals could cause feedback effects that change the ecosystem’s capacity to absorb, release, or transport carbon. In Serengeti, for instance, the sharp decline in wildebeest (角马) populations during the mid-20th century allowed grass to grow wildly, eventually promoting wildfires that consumed 80 percent of the ecosystem annually and led to a net release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.When disease management and bans on illegal hunting helped animal populations recover, a greater share of the carbon stored in plants was consumed by wildebeest and released as waste, keeping it in the system and restoring the grassland as a carbon sink. Researchers rarely consider wildlife conservation as a strategy to increase an ecosystem’s carbon storage capacity, said Schmitz.“They think that animals either aren’t important enough or that you can’t take up carbon and conserve animals at the same time, ” he said.“Our message is that you can and should.It can be a win-win situation for both biodiversity conservation and carbon uptake.” We need a full picture—with both trees and animals—to explore nature’s full potential. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了树木在生态系统中能够与动物相互作用, 并借助动物来履行自己职责的事实。 5.What can we learn from the first paragraph?(　　) A.Actions are needed to reduce carbon dioxide. B.Trees are a quick solution to the climate crisis. C.People are not thinking through trees properly. D.Grasslands and oceans help maintain biodiversity. C 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知, 人们对树木的固定理解和事实并不一致。即人们对树木的看法不正确。故选C。 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “animate” in paragraph 2 mean? (　　) A.Activate.　　　　　　 B.Restart. C.Disturb. D.Break. A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句并结合画线词所在句可知, 树木所在的生态系统中没有动物时, 树木不能进行碳吸收工作; 但是当有动物时, 树木就可以有效地完成碳吸收工作。这说明动物能激活树木完成碳吸收工作。那么, 画线词应意为 “激活” 。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7.What does the author want to say by mentioning wildebeest?(　　) A.The conservation of animals is still a serious issue. B.Animals can swing the ecosystem’s capacity to store carbon. C.Human impacts bring about the reduction in wildlife populations. D.The increase in animal species causes a decrease in carbon uptake. B 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知, 野生动物能改变生态系统吸收、释放和运输碳的能力。再结合第三段可知, 在塞伦盖蒂, 角马的数量在20世纪中期急剧下降, 使得草疯狂生长, 最终引发了野火, 每年消耗80%的生态系统, 并导致二氧化碳净释放到大气中。但是当动物种群恢复时, 储存在植物中的大部分碳被角马消耗并作为废物释放出来, 使其留在生态系统中, 并恢复草原作为碳汇的作用。由此可推知, 文章提及角马是为了说明野生动物的存在可以改变生态系统储存碳的能力。故选B。 5 6 7 8 8.Which of the following is the best title for the text?(　　) A.Animals Adjust Themselves to Climate Change B.Woodland Isn’t the Only Carbon Sink on the Earth C.The Serengeti Ecosystem Needs Urgent Improvement D.Trees May Fail to Fulfil Their Duties Without Animals D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 文章结合实例讲述了树木在生态系统中与动物的相互作用, 从而说明：没有动物的话, 树木可能无法履行自己的职责。故选D。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分, 共15分) (2025·八省联考)I liked to go and watch the sunset at my local park, which was a seaside area in Karachi.There, I would always see the same elderly lady 1 the pigeons (鸽子).The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in 2 , would gather around her before she even had a 3 to take the bag of rice out from her handbag.It was the same each day, part of her 4 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 I found that 5 her perform this ordinary task with such 6 was both calming and beautiful. On this particular evening, the lady arrived at her 7 spot to feed the birds.But, as she 8 the bench (长凳) to sit down, her necklace (项链) fell to the ground. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.Noticing that, I 9 to get it back for her. 10 , before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the 11 picked up the necklace, 12 to the bench, and dropped it on her lap. I couldn’t 13 my eyes.The old lady, also 14 , began laughing quietly to herself.I was 15 with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢去一个海滨地区的公园看日落, 常常看到一位老妇人在那里喂鸽子。一个特别的晚上, 老妇人的项链掉落, 一只鸽子竟捡起项链并放回到她腿上, 这让作者和老妇人都很吃惊, 也都非常欣喜。 1.A.feeding B.pursuing C.training D.collecting 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 解析：feed喂养; pursue追求; train训练; collect收集。根据下文“On this particular evening, the lady arrived at her 7 spot to feed the birds.”可知, 作者是看到同一个老妇人喂鸽子。故选A。 显示原文 2.A.age B.size C.weight D.number 答案：D 解析：age年龄; size尺寸; weight重量; number数量。根据上文“usually around 10 to 15”可推知, 此处是介绍这群鸽子的数量, 指通常在10到15只左右。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 3.A.wish B.chance C.plan D.reason 答案：B 解析：wish愿望; chance机会; plan计划; reason原因。根据上文“The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in 2 , would gather around her”和下文“to take the bag of rice out from her handbag”可推知, 此处是描述鸽子迅速聚集在老妇人周围的场景, 应该是不等她有机会从手提包里拿出那袋米, 鸽子就聚集起来了。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 4.A.job B.project C.routine D.dream 答案：C 解析：job工作; project项目; routine常规; dream梦想。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知, 这件事每天都是一样的, 由此可推知, 这成了老妇人的常规惯例, 即她日常生活的一部分。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 5.A.watching B.helping C.making D.hearing 答案：A 解析：watch观看; help帮助; make制作; hear听见。根据上文“There, I would always see the same elderly lady 1 the pigeons.”可推知, 作者总是看老妇人做这件事, 由此可知, 看着她完成这项平凡的任务让作者觉得平静又美丽。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 6.A.confidence B.enthusiasm C.flexibility D.precision 答案：B 解析：confidence信心; enthusiasm热情; flexibility灵活性; precision精确性。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知, 这件事每天都是一样的, 由此可推知, 老妇人对此倾注了热情, 因此一直坚持着。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 7.A.original B.parking C.hiding D.usual 答案：D 解析：original原始的; parking停车; hiding躲藏; usual平常的。根据上文“It was the same each day”可知, 这件事每天都是一样的, 由此可推知, 老妇人是来到平常的地方喂鸟。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 8.A.repaired B.approached C.shared D.supported 答案：B 解析：repair修理; approach靠近; share分享; support支持。根据老妇人是来公园喂鸽子的情境, 以及下文“the bench to sit down”可推知, 此处指她走近长凳并坐下。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 9.A.slipped in B.ran away C.got up D.turned around 答案：C 解析：slip in溜进; run away逃跑; get up起身; turn around转身。根据上文“I was sitting on the grass nearby waiting for the sun to set.”可知, 作者坐在附近的草地上, 等待太阳落山。由此可推知, 作者看到老妇人的项链掉落后, 起身去帮她捡起来。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 10.A.However B.Afterwards C.Gradually D.Fortunately 答案：A 解析：however然而; afterwards之后; gradually逐渐地; fortunately幸运地。根据下文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the 11 picked up the necklace, 12 to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”可知, 一只鸽子捡起项链, 归还给了老妇人, 这与作者原本的行为形成转折, 应用however“然而”衔接上下文。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 11.A.sea B.tree C.pair D.group 答案：D 解析：sea海洋; tree树; pair一对; group群。根据上文“The birds, usually around 10 to 15 in 2 , would gather around her”可知, 这是聚集在老妇人周围的那群鸽子中的一只。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 12.A.walked B.stuck C.pointed D.flew 答案：D 解析：walk行走; stick卡住; point指向; fly飞。根据上文“one of the pigeons”和下文“dropped it on her lap”可推知, 鸽子应该是飞到长凳上, 再把项链放在老妇人的腿上。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 13.A.lift B.cover C.believe D.close 答案：C 解析：lift举起; cover覆盖; believe相信; close关闭。根据上文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the 11 picked up the necklace, 12 to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”可知, 老妇人经常喂的鸽子居然帮她捡回了项链, 这是令人难以置信的事, 因此作者不敢相信自己的眼睛。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 14.A.satisfied B.surprised C.annoyed D.frightened 答案：B 解析：satisfied满意的; surprised惊讶的; annoyed恼怒的; frightened害怕的。根据上文“before I reached it, one of the pigeons from the 11 picked up the necklace, 12 to the bench, and dropped it on her lap”和“also”可知, 看到自己经常喂的鸽子居然捡回了项链, 老妇人的反应和作者是一样的, 也感到非常惊讶。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 15.A.caught B.hit C.left D.met 答案：C 解析：catch抓住; hit击, 打; leave剩下; meet遇见。根据下文“with a huge smile on my face and happily went back to watching the sunset”可知, 作者见到这一情景, 内心是高兴的, 脸上应该露出了灿烂的笑容。短语be left with意为“余下, 剩下”。故选C。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1:outrun v.跑得比……快(或远) Para.2:rare adj.稀罕的;珍贵的;稀少的　uncover v.发现,揭露　unique adj.独特的;唯一的,独一无二的 Para.3:measure v.测量;度量　wildly adv.非常,极其　output n.(人、机器、机构的)产量,输出量 Para.4:dramatic adj.夸张的;戏剧的;巨大的;引人注目的 Para.5:reward n.奖励;回报;报酬　widespread adj.广泛的;普遍的;分布广的 派生词汇 Para.3:energetic adj.精力充沛的→energy n.能量;能源;精力 Para.4:nutritional adj.营养的→nutrition n.营养 熟词生义 Para.1:cover 常用义:v.遮盖;覆盖　文章义:v.行走(一段路程) 核心短语 Para.1:have a leg up比别人更具有优势　the food chain食物链　no more than不超过,至多 Para.2:live off靠……过活,依赖……生活 Para.4:allow for使有可能　make the most of充分利用 Para.5:something to call one’s own属于自己的东西 长难句 分析 “The measurement was intended to find out what it cost sloths to live over a day,”says Pauli, who adds that a diet of little but leaves lacks nutritional value and that the animal’s small size doesn’t allow for overeating—so sloths need to find ways to make the most of their diets, which means using tiny amounts of energy, dramatic control of body temperature and living at an extremely slow pace.(Para.4) 长难句 分析 分析:本句中what it...a day是宾语从句,作find out的宾语;who adds...allow for overeating是who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰Pauli,该定语从句中又含有两个that引导的宾语从句;which means...是which引导的非限制性定语从句。 译文:“测量的目的是找出树懒一天的能量消耗,”泡利说。他补充说,几乎只吃树叶的饮食缺乏营养价值,而且这种动物的小体型不允许它吃得过多——所以树懒需要找到方法来充分利用它们的饮食,这意味着使用少量的能量,极大地控制体温,并以极慢的速度生活。 B篇 核心单词 Para.1:biodiversity n.生物多样性 Para.2:capacity n.能力　absorb v.吸收 Para.3:consume v.消耗 Para.4:strategy n.策略 核心短语 Para.1:draw down减少　coexist with与……共存 Para.2:get across被传达;被理解 Para.4:take up吸收 长难句 分析 When disease management and bans on illegal hunting helped animal populations recover,a greater share of the carbon stored in plants was consumed by wildebeest and released as waste, keeping it in the system and restoring the grassland as a carbon sink.(Para.3) 分析:本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句;过去分词短语stored in plants作the carbon的后置定语;现在分词短语keeping...和restoring...作状语。 译文:当疾病管理和禁止非法狩猎帮助动物种群恢复时,储存在植物中的大部分碳被角马消耗并作为废物释放出来,使其留在生态系统中,并恢复草原作为碳汇的作用。 课时作业 18 Unit 1 Nature in the balance(二) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分, 共20分) A (2024·广西南宁摸底测试)Tariq Qaiser, an architect, is trying to protect mangroves (红树).The trees could save Pakistan’s largest city Karachi, sitting on the Arabian Sea, from natural disasters.He comes to Bundal Island several times a week to document the illegal cutting of mangrove trees.“Very often, you can’t hear a single bird because the chainsaws are so loud.The trees are cut down illegally for firewood, ” he says, shaking his head.Besides, developers clear the mangroves to make room for construction. Karachi has a hot climate, and its concrete buildings and paved roads make it even hotter.Offshore, there are islands where mangroves grow.They could be the key to slowing climate change.Mangrove forests pull carbon dioxide out of the air, holding four times as much of the planet-warming gas as other forests can.They support diverse ecosystems.As sea levels rise with global warming, the trees could play a big role in protecting coastal cities like Karachi from flooding.Karachi’s mangroves are disappearing.But its numbers are rising in other parts of Pakistan.With replanting efforts, the country has tripled (成为三倍) its mangrove coverage over the past 30 years. Qaiser’s work may have worked.Recently, a court in Karachi declared Bundal Island’s mangroves to be protected forests.But unforested parts of the island remain unprotected, and developers want to build there.City officials say this could provide much-needed housing and bring in billions of dollars.They claim that some of that money could be used to plant mangroves in other parts of Pakistan. Ecologist Rafiul Haq appreciates Qaiser’s “extraordinary work” educating the public about mangroves.But he wishes Qaiser would look at the bigger picture.“Only 7% of Pakistan’s mangroves are in Karachi, ” Haq says.He thinks it’s wrong to focus on the losses in 7% of the country while ignoring the success in 93% of it.But Qaiser believes it’s important to protect every bit. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了巴基斯坦建筑师Tariq Qaiser为保护红树林而奔走, 并取得了一定的效果, 因为红树林可以保护像卡拉奇这样的城市免于遭受自然灾害。 1.What do we know about Karachi’s mangroves?(　　) A.They occupy the building land. B.They’re home to various birds. C.They’re primarily being used as firewood. D.They protect the city from climate catastrophes. D 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The trees could save Pakistan’s largest city Karachi, sitting on the Arabian Sea, from natural disasters.”可知, 红树林可以保护卡拉奇免于遭受自然灾害。故选D。 1 2 3 4 2.Why are efforts made to conserve the mangrove trees?(　　) A.Their birthplaces meet crisis. B.They boast huge diversity. C.Their bonds with nature are close. D.They grow at a rapid speed. C 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。 根据第二段中的“the key to slowing climate change...pull carbon dioxide out of the air...support diverse ecosystems...the trees could play a big role in protecting coastal cities like Karachi from flooding”可知, 红树林可以减缓气候变化、吸收空气中的二氧化碳、支持多样化的生态系统、并保护海滨城市免遭洪灾。据此可以推断, 保护它们是因为它们与自然的关系非常密切。故选C。 1 2 3 4 3.What does the Karachi government plan to do?(　　) A.Grow mangroves in other areas. B.Destroy buildings to grow mangroves. C.Build more mangrove reserves. D.Use mangroves to make profit. A 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They claim that some of that money could be used to plant mangroves in other parts of Pakistan.”可知, 政府官员宣称他们会用Bundal Island建筑用地中获利的资金去巴基斯坦的其他区域种植红树林。故选A。 1 2 3 4 4.What does Haq think of Qaiser’s work on Karachi’s mangroves? (　　) A.Challenging.　　　　 B.Effective. C.Insignificant. D.Partial. D 1 2 3 4 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“But he wishes Qaiser would look at the bigger picture...But Qaiser believes it’s important to protect every bit.”可知, Haq希望Qaiser可以看到更大的图景, 他说巴基斯坦只有7%的红树林在卡拉奇。他认为只关注全国7%的损失, 而忽视93%的成功是错误的。但是Qaiser认为保护每一处都很重要。由此可推知, Haq认为Qaiser对于卡拉奇红树林工作成果的认识是片面的, 不全面的, 故选D项。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·吉林地区四模)Dror Angel, a marine ecologist, seeks to fight climate change by purposefully sinking waste wood to the sea floor, where carbon that the trees stored up while living can remain locked away for centuries.This initiative, led by the company Rewind, is part of a growing trend in carbon capture technologies seeking to draw carbon out of the atmosphere. Whereas some carbon capture schemes require expensive machines and complex chemistry, burying terrestrial biomass (地球生物量) at sea is extremely simple：All it takes are tugboats, barges, and woody waste from forestry and agriculture.The approach is favoured over another ocean-based carbon capture method：growing and sinking seaweed.The advantage lies in the fact that the plant material is grown on land, reducing the risk of robbing the surrounding waters of nutrients.Additionally, the existing infrastructure (基础结构) for terrestrial biomass production makes it more practical at scale.And because woody plants are tough and unlikely to degrade (降解), they can effectively store carbon. In the Black Sea, Rewind has one of the world’s great carbon burial sites.The sea is much saltier at the bottom than at the top, so the two layers don’t mix much at all—one reason why very little oxygen makes it to the sea floor.And because the layers don’t mix, any greenhouse gases that are produced will be locked in the depths for hundreds or thousands of years. However, critics raise concerns about potential drawbacks.The transportation of biomass on earth globally may not be environmentally practicable.And removing terrestrial biomass from land could steal soil nutrients over time.Additionally, as new uses for terrestrial biomass emerge, such as sustainable building materials or biochar (生物炭), the most environmentally friendly approach must be considered. Ning Zeng, a climate scientist, agrees that sinking terrestrial biomass has its limitations and challenges.But the urgency of carbon removal demands that every possible scheme be explored thoroughly, and he says, “I think every idea deserves $1 billion of support to test it out.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项旨在通过将废弃木材沉入海底来对抗气候变化的碳封存技术。 5.What is the purpose of Rewind’s project?(　　) A.To develop new marine ecosystems. B.To explore unknown marine species. C.To trap carbon at sea. D.To store carbon for future use. C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知, 海洋生态学家Dror Angel试图通过将废弃木材沉入海底来应对气候变化, 这些树木在活着的时候储存的碳可以被锁在海底数百年。寻求从大气中吸收碳的碳捕获技术的趋势日益增长, 由Rewind公司牵头的这项计划就是这一趋势的一部分。据此可知, Rewind项目的目的是将碳储存在海里。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 6.Which of the following advantages of the wooden-sinking method is not mentioned?(　　) A.A decreased impact on marine ecology. B.A slim chance of breaking down. C.Increased absorption of carbon. D.Great practice on a large scale. C 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“the plant material is grown on land, reducing the risk of robbing the surrounding waters of nutrients”可知, 这种植物材料是在陆地上生长的, 减少了掠夺周围水域营养物质的风险, 也就减小了对海洋生态的影响(A项)。由第二段中的“the existing infrastructure for terrestrial biomass production makes it more practical at scale”可知, 地球生物量生产的现有基础结构使其在规模上更加实用(D项); 再由“because woody plants are tough and unlikely to degrade, they can effectively store carbon”可知, 木本植物坚韧且不太可能降解(B项), 它们可以有效地储存碳。因此只有C项“增加碳吸收”没有被提及。 5 6 7 8 7.What can be inferred from paragraph 4?(　　) A.The transportation of terrestrial biomass is harmless to the environment. B.Carbon capture efforts need to be balanced with other environmental goals. C.Terrestrial biomass has no significant use other than carbon capture. D.Burying terrestrial biomass is the best way to keep carbon. B 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。分析第四段可知, 第一句为该段主旨句, 表示“但批评人士对潜在的不利因素表示担忧”。所以本段介绍的是沉木存碳这一方法的缺点, 即下文提到的“全球范围内的运输可能对环境不友好”“从土地上移除地球生物量可能会慢慢地窃取土壤的养分”。再根据下文中的“Additionally, as new uses for terrestrial biomass emerge...the most environmentally friendly approach must be considered.”可知, 随着地球生物量新用途的出现, 例如可持续建筑材料或生物炭, 必须考虑最有利于环境的办法。据此可推知, 碳捕获所作出的努力需要与其他环境目标保持平衡。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 8.What is the article’s tone towards the initiative led by Dror Angel and Rewind?(　　) A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Ambiguous. D.Indifferent. B 5 6 7 8 解析：观点态度题。 通读全文可知, 文章第二段提到了Rewind的项目的优势, 第四段提到了批评者对其潜在缺点的担忧, 最后一段提到一气候科学家认为这一项目有局限性和挑战, 但鉴于碳去除的紧迫性, 每一种可能的方法都应该得到充分探索。所以文章对该计划的叙述既非完全怀疑, 也非全然赞同, 而是呈现了客观全面的信息。故选B项。skeptical“怀疑的”; ambiguous“模棱两可的”; indifferent“漠不关心的”。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分, 共12.5分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度训练的危害、恢复方式和预防措施。 (2024·山东济南一模) Risks of Overtraining Getting into shape and training for an event such as a marathon requires long-lasting and intense physical commitment.1( ) But the truth is, sometimes the very acts we do to get healthy can actually push us past our physical limits. A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond, it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 1.答案：G 解析：空前讲到了“为马拉松这样的项目强身健体和训练需要长期和高强度的身体投入”, 而空后则是转折“但是事实上, 有时候我们为获得健康而做的事情实际上会推动我们超越身体的极限” 。由此可知, 空处讲到的应该是“长期和高强度的身体投入”是可取的, 故G项“我们通常认为定期的高强度运动对我们的健康有益”符合语境, 且G项中的“We generally assume”和空后的“the truth is”形成了明显的转折。 Specifically, overtraining is a set of signs that occur when your body is not able to recover sufficiently before going into your next workout.2( ) People tend to ignore them. Over time, the cycle of starting the next training session before allowing recovery causes breakdown of the very parts of the body that you work so hard to build up. A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond, it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 2.答案：C 解析：空前讲到了“过度训练是指你的身体在下一次锻炼前不能充分恢复的一系列迹象”, 而空后讲到了“人们往往会忽略它们”。由此可知, “一系列迹象”是不容易被人发现的, C项“问题是它们是逐渐出现的”说明了不易被人发现的原因, 且C项中的they指代上文中的“a set of signs”, 故选C。 The structures and systems of your body adapt to the demands you have placed on them before the rest time. If your workout slightly goes beyond your current ability, it will adapt to what you did in a positive way.3( ) A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond, it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 3.答案：F 解析：空前讲到了“如果你的锻炼稍微超出了你目前的能力, 它将以一种积极的方式适应你的锻炼”, F项“如果远远超过(你目前的能力), 它将需要更长的时间来适应, 而且可能造成伤害”与上文形成了递进关系, 故F项符合语境。 Two main factors are necessary in recovery: nutrition and rest. Good nutrition, including water and protein intake, is extremely important, especially within 40 minutes of your workout.4( ) Your body uses the nutrients you have given it during the rest time, especially sleep, to strengthen. A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond, it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 4.答案：B 解析：本段主旨句为“Two main factors are necessary in recovery: nutrition and rest.”, 空前已经讲到了“nutrition”, 因此, 空处应该会讲到“rest”。B项“允许恢复的时间也是必要的”符合语境, 且其中的“also”表明了空处与空前的递进关系。 One of the best ways to prevent overtraining is to focus on your morning resting heart rate.5( ) Generally, you will detect an increase in your heart rate before the other signs show up. Tracking it in a log can be a great way to monitor your recovery. A.It’s easy to measure and track. B.Allowing time for recovery is also essential. C.The problem is that they show up very gradually. D.Below are the signs and symptoms of overtraining. E.Listening to your body will assure you of your fitness goals. F.If far beyond, it’ll take longer to adapt and may cause injury. G.We generally assume regular intense exercise is good for our health. 5.答案：A 解析：空前讲到了“focus on your morning resting heart rate”, 空后讲到了“you will detect an increase in your heart rate”, 因此, 空处讲到的应该也是与关注和检测心率相关的内容, A项“它很容易被测量和记录”承上启下。A项中的“It”指的是上文中的“morning resting heart rate”。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分, 共15分) [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了香的历史、文化意义及其在医疗和日常生活中的用途, 说明了香在预防性医疗和提升生活品质方面的作用。 Incense (香) boasts a long history, 1 its roots in many cultures—ancient China, ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon and beyond. People from all walks of life benefit from its countless qualities, whether they use it for pleasure 2 as medicine. 1.答案：with 解析：考查介词。句意：香有着悠久的历史, 它起源于许多文化 ——古代中国、古埃及、古巴比伦和其他地方。空前为完整的句子, 此处是with复合结构作状语。 2.答案：or 解析：考查连词。句意：各行各业的人都受益于它的诸多品质, 无论是它被用来娱乐还是被用作药物。空前的for pleasure和空后的as medicine为并列关系, 且此处表示选择, 故填or。 Since the Tang and Song dynasties, burning incense, hanging paintings, making tea, and arranging flowers have been known as the “four arts for literati (文人)”.3 (make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable 4 (pursue) for scholars. 3.答案：Made 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：香是由种子、叶子和花朵制成, 其一直是学者们喜爱的追求。此句谓语动词是has been used, 故此空应填非谓语动词; 因make与句子的主语incense是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故应用过去分词形式; 位于句首, 单词首字母要大写。 4.答案：pursuit 解析：考查词性转换。由空前的an enjoyable可知, 此处应为名词。pursue是动词, 其名词形式是pursuit。 Moreover, medical incense is an essential part of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which considers preventative healthcare as 5 far superior form of treatment when illness strikes. 5.答案：a 解析：考查冠词。句意：此外, 医用香是传统中医的一个重要组成部分, 传统中医认为预防性医疗保健服务是疾病发作时的一种非常优越的治疗形式。consider...as...是固定短语, 意为“认为……是……”; 空后的form为可数名词单数, 此处表示泛指, 且far的发音以辅音音素开头。故填不定冠词a。 6 (basic), medical incense can kill bacteria in the environment, protecting people against infections. It is also believed 7 (possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. Once the medical elements within incense are breathed in, they soon find 8 (they) way into the bloodstream. From there they go directly to the organs 9 treatment assistance is needed. The specific types of incense 10 (choose) based on the individual’s condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well-being. 6.答案：Basically 解析：考查词性转换。句意：基本上, 医用香可以杀死环境中的细菌, 保护人们免受感染。此处句子结构完整, 故应用副词作状语。 7.答案：to possess 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它还被认为具有平衡气流动的能力, 气是人体内的一种重要的能量。此句谓语动词是is believed, 空处应填非谓语动词。再根据固定表达sth./sb.is believed to do可知, 应填动词不定式。 8.答案：their 解析：考查代词。句意：一旦香中的医学元素被吸入, 它们很快就会进入血液。way是名词, 其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰, 故填their。 9.答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：从那里, 它们直接进入需要治疗的人体器官中。根据句意并分析句子结构可知, 该空引导定语从句, 修饰先行词organs, 且在定语从句中作地点状语, 故应用关系副词where。 10.答案：are chosen 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：具体类型的香是根据个人的情况来选择的, 旨在恢复平衡和促进健康。根据两处非谓语动词“based on”和“aiming to”可知, 此处应填谓语动词。此处是描述一般情况, 故用一般现在时; 因主语the specific types of incense与choose是动宾关系, 故应用被动语态; 主语是复数。故填are chosen。 二次精读——溯原文,积语料,提素养 A篇 核心单词 Para.1:architect n.建筑师 Para.2:coverage n.覆盖范围 核心短语 Para.1:chainsaw n.链锯　make room for为……腾出空间 Para.3:bring in产生利润 B篇 核心单词 Para.1:climate n.气候;气候区;氛围　atmosphere n.(包围地球或其他行星的)大气,大气层;空气;气氛,环境 Para.2:extremely adv.极度,非常　practical adj.(计划、方法等)有效的,切实可行的 Para.4:potential adj.潜在的,可能的 n.(事物的)潜力;可能性　practicable adj.可行的　emerge v.出现,浮现;(事实)显露,暴露;开始为人所知 Para.5:thoroughly adv.彻底地,仔细地,完全地　deserve v.值得 派生词汇 Para.1:purposefully adv.有目的地→purpose n.目的,意图;计划→purposeful adj.有目的的,有明确目标的;坚决的,果断的 initiative n.措施,倡议;主动性,积极性→initiate v.开始,发起,创始 Para.2:existing adj.现存的,现行的→exist v.存在,实际上有;持续存在→existence n.存在,实有;生活 effectively adv.有效地;实际上→effect n.作用,影响;生效,实行 v.引起,使发生→effective adj.产生预期结果的,有效的;实际的 核心短语 Para.1:store up储存　lock away把……收好并锁起来 Para.2:favour...over...比起……更倾向于/赞成……　lie in (问题、思想、特征等)存在,在于 Para.5:test...out试验/检验…… 长难句 分析 Dror Angel,a marine ecologist, seeks to fight climate change by purposefully sinking waste wood to the sea floor,where carbon that the trees stored up while living can remain locked away for centuries.(Para.1) 分析:句中where引导定语从句,先行词为the sea floor;that引导定语从句,先行词为carbon。 译文:海洋生态学家Dror Angel试图通过有目的地将废弃木材沉入海底来应对气候变化。在海底,这些树木在活着的时候储存的碳可以被封存数百年。 $$