必修2 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE-【优化探究】2026高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套课件（北师大版）

必修第二册 UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE 主题语境　自然与环境 1 【单元主题　创意背记】 板块一　词句背诵 重难点词汇 ◆五级词汇 flood n.洪水，水灾 vi.& vt.(被)淹没；(使)泛滥 vi.大量涌入(pour) living adj.活的，活着的 million n.百万 title n.[C]题目，标题；书名；称号；冠军 vt.加标题于；授予……称号 背诵默写本 death n.死，死亡(die，death) damage n.伤害，损伤，损害 　cause/do damage to对……造成损害 　damage one’s health损害某人的健康 base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 prove vt.证明；证实(turn out) 　prove (to be)＋n./adj.证明是……；结果是…… 　prove sth.to sb.向某人证明某事 ◆四级词汇 disaster n.灾难；灾祸 　natural disasters自然灾害 comment n.评论；意见(remark) vi.& vt.评论，发表意见 　No comment!无可奉告! 　make comments/a comment about/on...对……加以评论 　comment on/upon...对……发表评论 crowded adj.拥挤的； 挤满人的 　be crowded with passengers挤满了乘客 soil n.土壤 climate n.气候 shock vt.使震惊； 使难以置信 n.[C]吃惊，震惊；剧烈震动；电击；[U]休克 　be a great shock to sb.对某人来说是极大的震惊 　in/with shock震惊地 　be shocked at对……吃惊 lecture n.讲座，讲课；演讲 　give/ deliver a lecture做演讲 　attend a lecture听演讲 rescue n.& vt.营救；救援 　come to one’s rescue援救某人 　rescue team救援队 　rescue...from...把……从……营救出来 vehicle n.交通工具，车辆 wave n.海浪； 波涛 vt.& vi.挥手，招手 vt.挥舞，挥动 escape v.& vt.逃离；逃避 n.[C]&[U]逃跑，逃脱；解脱 　escape (doing) sth.逃避(做)某事 　escape from从……逃脱；逃避 　escape one’s attention/notice逃过某人的注意 　have a narrow escape=escape death narrowly九死一生；死里逃生 survive vi.& vt.活下来； 幸存(survival，survivor) 　survive sth.幸免于；从……中活过来 　survive from从……存活下来 　survive on依靠……生存下来 　A survive B (by＋时间)A比B活得长(……) *mystery n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物(adj.mysterious) frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的(frighten，frightening) 　be frightened to death吓得要死 edge n.边缘 　on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) curious adj.好奇的(n.curiosity) 　be curious about对……感到好奇 　be curious to do sth.渴望去做某事 equal adj.相等的； 相同的 n.同等的人；相等物 　be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事 　without equal=have no equal无与伦比 attempt n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 　attempt to do sth.企图做某事 　make an attempt to do/at doing sth.试图做某事 　at the first/second...attempt第一/二次……尝试 loss n.丧失； 死亡 　at a loss不知所措 　loss of hearing/sight失聪/失明 measure vt.估量，衡量；(assess)测量 n.度量单位，计量标准；措施，办法 　measure...by...用……来衡量…… 　take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 　make clothes to one’s measure按照某人的尺寸做衣服 operation n.行动，活动；手术；操作(v.operate) 　perform an operation进行手术 site n.场所，地点 process n.过程，进程 　in the process of在……的过程中 duty n.职责，义务；责任 　on duty值班；值勤 　off duty下班的；不在值班的 conduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.& vt.指挥 　conduct several tests进行多次试验 　conduct the band指挥乐队 protection n.保护；防护 anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地 shelter n.避难所 observe vt.观察；注意 　observe sb.do sth.观察/注意某人做某事 　observe sb.doing sth.观察/注意某人正在做某事 　observe traffic rules遵守交通规则 harmless adj.无害的 disappearance n.消亡；消失 ◆三级词汇 *float vi.浮； 漂 soul n.灵魂 　heart and soul全心全意；完全地 trap vt.困住； 使陷于危险中 　be trapped in被困在……中 　fall into a trap掉入陷阱中 interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话(n.interruption) overseas adv.在海外，在外国 battle n.较量；竞争；斗争；战斗 vt.& vi.(与……)斗争；(与……)战斗 polar adj.极地的，地极的 　polar bears北极熊 distant adj.久远的； 遥远的(n.distance) continent n.洲，大洲；大陆 metal n.金属 volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的 landscape n.风景，景色 shark n.鲨(鱼) exploration n.探险；探索 ◆二级词汇 drought n.旱灾，干旱(adj.dry) hurricane n.飓风 eruption n.爆发(v.erupt) wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 jungle n.(热带)丛林 overuse vt.过度使用；滥用 greenhouse n.温室，暖房 19 file n.档案，卷宗 poetry n.诗歌；作诗的艺术 horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 extent n.面积；长度；范围；程度 　to a certain extent在某种程度上 　to a large/great extent在很大程度上 tube n.圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 20 captain n.队长； 组长；上校 ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿(adj.ambitious) 　achieve/realize one’s ambition实现某人的理想 cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 honesty n.坦诚； 诚实，正直 sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实 brochure n.小册子 varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的(vary，variety，various， variously，variable，variation) 21 ◆一级词汇 *landslide n.滑坡；塌方 weed n.野草；海藻 deer n.鹿 insect n.昆虫 whale n.鲸 dolphin n.海豚 kangaroo n.袋鼠 22 eagle n.鹰 fox n.狐狸 ecology n.生态； 生态学 *whirlpool n.漩涡 *descent n.下降，下落 *tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的 *barrel n.桶 observation n.观察；观察结果 23 dust n.灰尘；尘埃(adj.dusty) explorer n.探险者；勘察者 preparation n.预备，准备 　make preparations for为……做准备 *sledge n.雪橇 ski n.滑雪板 vi.滑雪 *tent n.帐篷 　put up a tent搭建帐篷 bravery n.勇气； 勇敢的行为 aftershock n.(地震的)余震 scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的 skiing n.滑雪运动 originality n.独创性；创造力 核心短语与词块 1.turn one’s back on waste 对浪费置之不理 2.in the direction of the nearest shop 朝最近店铺的方向 3.on the edge of extinction 濒临灭绝 4.at great speed 以极快的速度 5.be/become curious about 对……感到好奇 6.pick up 去接(某人)；拿起；拾起；捡起 7.breathe in 吸气 8.run out 用完，耗尽 9.on the way to the airport 在去机场的路上 10.break down 停止运转，出故障 11.natural disasters自然灾难 12.go through fire and flood赴汤蹈火 13.in the lecture hall在演讲大厅 14.escape reality逃避现实 15.heart and soul 全心全意 16.make an attempt to move it尝试移动它 17.measure distance测量距离 18.a fierce battle激烈的战斗 19.on duty值班；值勤 20.appoint a captain任命船长 21.put up shelters in the open air在露天搭起避难所 22.shorten the process缩短过程 重点句式表达 1.It takes/took sb.some time to do...“做某事花费某人多长时间” [教材原句]　It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. 不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。 2.the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... [教材原句]　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell. 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 3.“have＋sb./sth.＋doing”结构 [教材原句]　He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. 他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都装备了滑雪板。 4.have difficulty (in) doing sth. [教材原句]　The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. 下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。 板块二　默写练习 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 一、核心词汇 1. ____________ n.灾难；灾祸 2. ____________ n.评论；意见 3. ____________ adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 4. ____________ adj.活的，活着的 5. ____________ vt.过度使用；滥用 6. ____________ vi.& vt.逃离；逃避 disaster comment crowded living overuse escape 31 7. ____________ vi.浮；漂 8. ____________ n.& vt.营救；救援 9. ____________ vt.困住；使陷于危险中 10. ____________ n.& vt.努力，尝试，企图 11. ____________ n.伤害，损伤，损害 12. ____________ vt.估量，衡量；测量 13. ____________ adv.在海外，在外国 14. ____________ n.过程，进程 float rescue trap attempt damage measure overseas process 32 15. ____________ n.基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地 16. ____________ adj.久远的；遥远的 17. ____________ n.避难所 18. ____________ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 19. ____________ adj.可怕的，恐怖的 20. ____________ adj.无害的 base distant shelter varied scary harmless 33 二、拓展词汇 1.ecology n.生态；生态学→____________ adj.生态学的；生态的 2.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；休克；冲击→___________ adj.令人震惊的→____________ adj.震惊的 3.survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→___________ n.幸存→___________ n.幸存者 ecological shocking shocked survival survivor 4.frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→____________ adj.令人害怕的 →____________ v.使受惊；使惊恐 frightening frighten 34 5.horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→__________ n.恐惧， 害怕；令人惊恐的事→____________ adv.害怕地；可怕地；极其地 6.curious adj.好奇的→____________ adv.好奇地→____________ n.好奇心 7.observe vt.观察；注意；庆祝；遵守→____________ n.观察；观察结果 8.equal adj.相等的；相同的；平等的→____________ adv.同样地； 平等地→____________ n.平等 horror horribly curiously curiosity observation equally equality 35 9.interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→___________ n.打断，打扰；中断时间 10.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→____________ n.呼吸→____________ adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的→____________ adv.气喘吁吁地 11.ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→____________ adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的 12.prove vt.证明；证实→____________ n.证据 interruption breath breathless breathlessly ambitious proof 13.sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实→____________ adj.真诚的 →____________ adv.诚挚地 14.bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为→____________ adj.勇敢的 →____________ adv.勇敢地 15.disappearance n.消失；消亡→____________ vi.消失；消亡；灭 绝→____________ vi.出现linking v.看来；似乎 sincere sincerely brave bravely disappear appear Ⅱ.默写核心词块 1. _________________________ 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管  2. _________________ 朝……方向  3. ______________ 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)  4. ______________ 高速地  5. _______________________ 对……感到好奇  6. ____________ 去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救  7. ____________ 吸气  8. ____________ 用完，耗尽  9. _______________________ 在某事方面有困难  10. ____________ 停止运转，出故障；失败；垮掉  turn one’s back (on sb./sth.) in the direction of on the edge of at great speed be/become curious about pick up breathe in run out have difficulty with sth. break down Ⅲ.完成课文佳句 1.I began to think ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________.  我开始想，以这种方式死去是多么奇妙的一件事，看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。 2.First，his two sledges broke down and then ____________________ ________________________________________________.  先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重困难。 how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold 3. ________________________________________，and certainly the end is not far.  我们都希望以同样的精神迎接末日，当然末日已经不远了。 4.New Zealand has a varied climate_____________________________ ________.  新西兰气候多变，各地变化很大。 We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit that changes a lot from place to place 板块三　语基自测 Ⅰ.单词检测——用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)In her first PE class，Eva was ____________ (shock)when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. 2.It is said that he narrowly escaped ____________ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.  shocked being killed 3.(2024·九省联考)Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of ____________ (survive) from attacks by predators. 4.Although he survived the ____________ (attempt) murder，it took him quite a long time to return to normal. 5. ____________ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later. survival attempted Basing 6.We had better take ____________ (protect) measures to prevent polar bears from dying out. 7.Those once ____________ young men sadly found that their ____________ had abandoned them.(ambition) 8.The old father，who was ____________ about his son’s safe return，waited at the exit of the station with ____________，twisting his hands ____________.(anxious) protective ambitious ambitions anxious anxiety anxiously 43 Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子 1._______________ (出于好奇)，I secretly peeped through the window into the office.  2.About 2 hours later，we all reached the top.Though ____________ (累得上气不接下气)，we were rewarded with beautiful scenery.  3.(2022·全国乙卷) _______________ (结果证明) students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.  Out of curiosity out of breath It turns out that 44 4.If they ____________ (用完) certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.  5.Due to a terrible quarrel，we ____________ (关系破裂) and he even _____________________ (脱离) our organization.I don’t know how to ____________ (消除) our conflict，so could you please be kind enough to offer me some proposals?  run out of broke up broke away from break down 45 Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子 1.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言了解得越多，我的大脑就发育得越好。 It was exercise for the brain；_________________________________ __________________________.  2.我摔倒了，摔断了三颗牙。我不知道我得来这里修多少次假牙。 I fell down and broke three of my teeth.I wonder how many times I have to come here and ________________________.  3.此外，大学毕业后，爱因斯坦连找工作都很难，这也是事实。 It is also true that，after graduating from the university，Einstein _____________________________.  the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow have my false teeth fixed had difficulty (in) finding a post 46 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 精读真题提素养 课时作业 47 Part 1　研考点　必备知识巧突破 (1)in shock震惊地；休克 be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆 to one’s shock令某人震惊的是 (2)be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do...因做……而震惊 1.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信(surprise，amaze，astonish) n.震惊；休克；冲击→__________ adj.震惊的；震撼的→__________ adj.令人震惊的 shocked shocking ①(外研必修三)A ____________ (shock)Winton watched as the majority of people rose to their feet. ②__________ my shock，such an attack could happen in this school. ③我震惊地望着他，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。(情感描写) I _____________________，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.  shocked To looked at him in shock [名师指津]　表示“惊讶”的形容词还有astonishing令人惊讶的，astonished 感到惊讶的，amazing 令人吃惊的，amazed 感到吃惊的，surprising令人惊讶的，surprised感到惊讶的。 survive sth.幸免于；从……中活过来 survive on靠……存活下来 A survive B (by＋时间)　A比B活得长(……) 2.survive vi. & vt.活下来；幸存；存活→____________ n.幸存； 残存物→____________ n.幸存者 survival survivor ①The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ___________ (survive) China’s long history.  ②All the ____________ (survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby shelter.(报道) ③After we survived that night，we were confident that everything else would be all right. →________________________，we were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)  has survived survivors Having survived that night (1)be frightened to do sth.不敢去做某事 be frightened of (doing) sth.害怕做某事 (2)frighten sb.into doing sth.吓唬某人做某事 frighten sb.out of doing sth.使某人吓得不敢做某事 3.frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的(scared，alarmed)→__________ vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→____________ adj.引起恐惧的；使惊恐的； 骇人的→____________ n.惊骇，恐怖，惊吓 frighten frightening fright ①I’m more frightened ____________ the buffalo than any other creature in Africa. ②Whenever she thought of the accident，she was trembling with ____________ (frighten). ③(人教选必三)我吓得呆住了。 _______________________________ of fright I was so frightened that I just froze. (1)be curious about对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth.极想做某事 (2)out of curiosity出于好奇 meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心 4.curious adj.好奇的→____________ adv.好奇地→____________ n.好奇心 curiously curiosity ①(外研选必一)I don’t want to put you on the spot (使你处于尴尬或难受的境地)，but I’m really curious __________ how you know Tim. ②I was curious to know more about it，so I went to the library to consult books. →_____________________________，I went to the library to consult books.(形容词短语作状语)  about Curious to know more about it ③(2023·浙江1月卷)我们很想了解周围的植物，因此，为了满足我们的好奇心，我们好奇地探索了高中校园。 We ________________________________________ and as a result， _________________________，we explored the senior high campus ______________________.  were curious to learn about the plants around us to meet/satisfy our curiosity curiously/with curiosity be equal to (doing) sth.等于/胜任(做)某事 equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过某人/物 be without equal无与伦比 5.equal adj.相等的；相同的；胜任的 n.同等的人；相等物 vt.等 于；比得上→____________ adv.相等地；同样地→____________ n.平等；相等 equally equality ①The person I respect most is my head teacher who attaches great importance to honesty，sincerity，bravery and ____________，so he treats each of us students ____________.(equal) (人物描写) ②首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是，我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。(申请信) Firstly，nobody can ______________________. ________________ is that I am  ____________ in communication skills.So I hold the firm belief that ____________________ as a volunteer for the fair.  equality equally equal me in oral English Equally attractive without equal I am equal to the job [名师指津]　表示“胜任……”的其他表达还有be up to，be qualified for。 (1)attempt to do sth.尝试或努力做某事 (2)make an attempt at (doing)/to do sth.尝试或努力做某事 at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 6.attempt n.& vt.努力，尝试(try)，企图→____________ adj.未遂的，企图的 attempted ①(2024·全国甲卷)The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt ____________ (improve) the situation.  ②She was as proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test ____________ the first attempt. ③我建议你进行健康饮食，并坚持有规律的锻炼来尝试减肥。(建议信) I suggest that you should go on a healthy diet and keep exercising regularly _________________________.  to improve at in an attempt to lose weight (1)measure...by...用……来衡量…… be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量 (2)take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事) make...to one’s measure按某人的尺寸定做…… 7.measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n.措施；尺寸，程度→____________ n.尺寸；大小；测量 measurement ①(北师大选必二改编)According to the scientific ____________ (measure) of time，the time is probably a quarter past three. ②We have introduced tax and fee cuts and other __________ (measure) to ease the burden on businesses，and made active efforts to solve the most pressing difficulties of high concern to the people. measurement measures ③It’s high time that we should take __________ (measure) to prevent air from being polluted. →It’s high time that_________________________________________ ________________.(被动语态)  measures measures should be taken to prevent air from being polluted (1)breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气 (2)in one breath一口气；同时 hold one’s breath屏息；屏气 take/draw a deep breath深呼吸 out of breath喘不过气 8.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸，呼出→____________ n.呼吸；呼吸的空气 →____________ adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的 breath breathless ①我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后，我屏住呼吸，等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后，我松了一口气。(动作描写) I _______________________，dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.After conducting first aid，I ______________，waiting for her to become conscious.After observing her _________ normally，I ______________________.  took/drew a deep breath held my breath breathe breathed a sigh of relief ②他不想屏息凝神坐等她来道歉。他宁愿把他的悲伤都掺进咖啡里，借咖啡消愁。 He was not going to _______________________________.He would drown his sadness in coffee.  hold his breath for her to apologize observe sb.doing/do sth.看到某人正在做/做了某事 observe sb./sth.done看到某人/物被…… 9.observe v.庆祝；观察；注意；遵守→____________ n.观察者；旁听者→____________ n.观察；评述，评论 observer observation ①(译林必修三改编)We’ve made some policies on environment for businesses ____________ (observe)，like strict clean-up requirements.  ②The suspicious man was observed ____________ (enter) the bank by the police.  to observe to enter ③在泰山之巅，人们兴奋地观看太阳从地平线上升起。 →On the top of Mount Tai，people excitedly_____________________ ____________ from the horizon.(observe＋that从句)  →On the top of Mount Tai，people excitedly ____________________ from the horizon.(observe＋宾语＋分词)  [特别提醒]　observe sb.do sth.结构如果改成被动语态，应补上省略的to，即sb.be observed to do sth.。 observed that the sun was rising observed the sun rising (1)be anxious about sth./for sb.为……担忧 be anxious to do/that...渴望(做)…… (2)with anxiety=anxiously焦急地 10.anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地(uneasily)；担忧地→__________ adj.焦急的；忧虑的，担心的→____________ n.忧虑，焦虑，担心；渴望 anxious anxiety ①The mother was anxious ____________ her little son when knowing that he was frightened by a horrible accident. ②他焦虑地等待着结果，仿佛如坐针毡。(心理描写) _____________________________________________ as if he had been on pins and needles.  for He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)大卫渴望参加越野赛。但是他害怕别人嘲笑他，他是如此不安，以至于焦急的泪水顺着脸庞流了下来。 →David ___________________________________ the cross-country run.But he was scared of being laughed at by others.He was__________ __________________ rolled down his cheeks.(be anxious to do；so...that...)  →David ____________________________________________ the cross-country run.But he was scared of being laughed at by others. ______________________________________________________.(be anxious that...；倒装句)  was anxious to participate in/take part in so anxious that tears of anxiety was anxious that he could participate in/take part in So anxious was he that tears of anxiety rolled down his cheeks turn up 出现；到场；调高 turn out 结果是；证明是 turn down 关小，调低；拒绝 turn to 转向；求助于 turn in 上交；呈递 turn into转变成 11.turn one’s back (on sb./sth.)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 ①(2024·浙江1月卷)The last one standing has just been turned ____________ a “mini community library”：any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves，and return it later，or replace it with another title from their own collection. ②Furthermore，when you meet with some puzzling questions，_________________________ (要毫不犹豫地向我求助).  ③我需要他帮助时，他拒绝了我。 He _____________________ when I needed his help.  into don’t hesitate to turn to me turned his back on me run out of用完；耗尽(主语为人) run across偶然遇见 run after追捕；跟踪；追求 run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等) run for竞选；匆匆去取 12.run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态) ①Learning that you are running ____________ the position of chairman of the Student Council，I am writing to inform you of some do’s and don’ts.(建议信) ②He spares no effort to run ____________ his dream，although he has a serious disease. ③我的钱已经花完了，因此我买不起这本书。 →I _____________________ my money，so I can’t afford the book.  →My money ______________________________________，so I can’t afford the book.  for after have run out of/used up has run out/has been run out of/has given out [特别提醒]　表示“用完；耗尽”的其他表达还有use up用完；耗尽(及物动词短语)；give out用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)。 break up 结束；(使)破碎；(使)散开 break in破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱、跑等) break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态) break away from脱离；挣脱 13.break down停止运转，出故障，损坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败；破裂；(化学)分解；(身体)垮掉；失控；消除 写出下列句中break down的含义 ①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. _________ ②If Tom carries on working like this，he will break down sooner or later. ____________ ③The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble. ____________ ④It will take plastics more than 100 years to break down in the air. 　 ____________ ⑤If you want to break down the misunderstanding，you should apologise to her face to face. ____________ 失败 (身体)垮掉 出故障 分解 消除 [教材原句]　The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. 下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。 have difficulty/trouble with sth.在某方面有困难(麻烦) do sth.with/without difficulty/trouble做某事有/没有困难(麻烦) 14.have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难；做某事费劲 ①Until the 1930s，travelers had difficulty ____________ (reach) the country. ②不论你是在语法方面有困难，还是记新单词费劲，你都可以通过大声朗读句子来解决问题。(建议信) _____________________________________________________________________，you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud.  reaching Whether you have difficulty with grammar or have trouble memorizing new words ③他似乎总是毫不费力地解决问题，但实际上他对他的任务做了充分的准备。(人物介绍) ________________________________________________，but actually he makes full preparations for his tasks.  It seems that he always solves problems without difficulty [教材原句]　He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. 他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有人都装备了滑雪板。 (1)句中的 had teams of dogs pulling 为“have ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。此处是现在分词作宾语补足语，意为“让/使……保持某种状态；让……一直做某事”。 15.“have＋sb./sth.＋doing”结构 (2)“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”有三种结构： ①have sb.do...让某人做……(sb.与 do 之间是主谓关系) ②have sth.done 让(他人)为自己做某事；遭遇某事(sth.与 do 之间是动宾关系) ③ have sb./sth.doing 让……一直做某事 (sb./sth.与 do 之间是主谓关系) (3)won’t/can’t have sb./sth.doing不能容忍/允许……做某事 ①When his mother had him do his homework，he decided to have his light ____________ (burn) all night to pretend he was working hard. ②I have a lot of reading ____________ (complete) before the end of this term.  ③You should take the chance to deepen your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture. →You should take the chance to________________________________ ______________________.(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)  burning to complete have your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture deepened [教材原句]　The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell. 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 (1)“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。 (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。 (3)“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。 16.the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... ①The more careful you are，the ____________ (few) mistakes you will make. ②If you devote more time to practising your spoken English，it will become more fluent. →______________ you devote to practising your spoken English，_____________________________.(the more...the more...)  ③(外研必修一)我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它生存的机会就越大。 The more we know about this lovely creature，___________________ ____________.  fewer The more time the more fluent it will become the greater the chance it will survive [特别提醒]　“the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，用一般现在时表示将来。 Part 2　过基础　核心要点精准练 Ⅰ.语境填空——练熟高频词汇 1.Tom was shocked ____________ (hear) the ____________ (shock) news that there would be a volcanic eruption.  2.He once had ____________ narrow escape from the adventurous sport，so he doesn’t dare to try it now. 3.Curious ____________ the process of making a lamp，the boy went to the factory to make a careful observation. to hear shocking a about 4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)“____________ (ecology) design” is the name John gives to what he does. 5.Regardless of the weather or the ____________ (distant)，he will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. 6.When I realized that the poor boy survived ____________ discarded food，a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me. 7.According to Bell，people who are fat on the inside are actually ____________ the edge of being fat. Ecological distance on on 8.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)So，what are they learning? ____________ (basic)，how to describe a panda’s life. 9.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed ____________ (explore) of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. 10.In my opinion，the young man is equal ____________ the job on account of his creativity. Basically exploration to Ⅱ.完成句子——活用短语、句式 1.使他们如释重负的是，在父亲的指导下，他们终于成功地准备好了早饭。(细节描写) To their relief，with the guidance of their father，they successfully _________________________.(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)  2.生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存，而是要学会在雨中跳舞。 Life isn’t about ________________________；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.  had the breakfast prepared how to survive the storm 3.在那片遥远的大陆上，树木极其高大，有些高达90米以上。 In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，________________ _______________________.  4.她越想这件事，就越感到害怕，手心在冒汗，心跳得厉害。(心理描写) __________________________，________________________，her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly.  some measuring over 90 meters in height The more she thought about it the more frightened she felt 5.有人警告她说，如果不想受到伤害就离约翰远一点儿。 →She was warned to ______________________ John if she didn’t want to get hurt.(keep one’s distance from)  →She was warned to _____________________ if she didn’t want to get hurt.(keep sb.at a distance)  keep her distance from keep John at a distance Part 3　提素养　关键能力培优练 培优1　克服阅读障碍——熟词生义/一词多义 1.He was one friend of my father，whose name escaped me for the moment. 　____________ A.v.被忘记，被忽视 B.v.逃跑，逃离 C.n.泄露，逸出 A 2.It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class. 　____________ A.v.斥责 B.v.开讲座 C.n.演讲，报告 A 3.The emperor conferred (授予) a title on the brave soldier. _________ A.标题 B.冠军 C.头衔，称号 C 4.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. 　____________ A.漂浮 B.提出 C.发行 B 5.conduct A.vt.引导　 B.vt.指挥　 C.vt.传导(热或电等能量)　 D.vt.实施，执行　 E.vt.表现，举止 (1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases，the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. 　____________ (2)The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 　____________ (3)The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 　____________ (4)Most metals can conduct electricity.______ (5)Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting opera. ____________ D E A C B 6.observe A.观察　 B.庆祝　 C.遵守 (1)Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still observe traditional customs. 　_________ (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening...” 　____________ (3)Could you tell me how you usually observe Harvest Day in your country? ____________ C A B 培优2　单元话题写作——环境保护 　　根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 　　Yesterday I ①_________________ (参加了一个讲座) whose title was Wildlife In Danger.The professor said that human beings were to blame ②_______________ (在很大程度上).As we all know，we ③______________________ (正过度使用化石燃料)，which leads to ④_________________ (温室效应).Besides，we are occupying more attended a lecture to a great extent are overusing fossil fuels greenhouse effect lands，so millions of living creatures have to ⑤___________________ _________________ (逃离其原始栖息地).Some of them are even ⑥______________________(处于灭绝的边缘).In addition， chemicals pollute soil，rivers and oceans.⑦______________________ ____________________________________ (看到死鱼漂浮在水面上 是令人震惊的；it作形式主语).The lecture ⑧____________________ (深深地触动了我们的心灵).Afterwards，we ⑨__________________ ________________________ (对这次讲座发表了积极的评论)，and decided to do our part for wildlife protection.  escape from their original habitats on the edge of extinction It is shocking to see dead fishes floating on the surface of the river touched our soul deeply made positive comments on this lecture 培优3　提升续写能力 教材语料 Step 1　语料整合 亮词 [人物描写]　ambition；honesty；sincerity；bravery [情感描写]　shock；frightened；horrible；curious；anxiously；cheerful 美句 1.All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.(环境描写) 2.I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(比喻句) 3.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(动作描写) 4.Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.(环境描写) Step 2　语料运用 一次突如其来的变故让我陷入了深深的惊恐之中，那一刻，恐惧如潮水般涌 来，我感到害怕极了。正当我被绝望笼罩，心中那份对未知世界的好奇悄然燃起，它像一束光，穿透黑暗，照亮了我前行的路。 ①_____________________________ __________，and at that moment，fear came flooding in，②__________ _________________. Just as despair enveloped me，③________________ _________________________________________，like a beam of light piercing through the darkness and illuminating my path forward. A sudden change had me fall into deep terror utterly frightened a spark of curiosity about the unknown world lit silently within me leaving me 我深吸一口气，鼓足勇气，决定不再逃避。经过不懈的努力，终于迎来了转机。那一刻，我笑了，心中充满了前所未有的喜悦。这次经历教会了我，无论遇到多大的困难，只要心怀梦想，勇敢面对，就没有克服不了的障碍。而那份对未知的好奇，更是推动我们不断前行的动力。 ④_________________，got up all my courage，and ⑤_____________________ __________. Through tireless efforts， ⑥__________________________. At that moment，I smiled，my heart filled with an unprecedented joy. This experience taught me that no matter how great the difficulties may be，⑦_________________________ _________ and ⑧__________________，there is no obstacle we cannot overcome. And that curiosity for the unknown is precisely the driving force that pushed us forward.  I took a deep breath resolved not to escape anymore a turning point finally emerged as long as we hold onto our dreams face them bravely 【情感细节描写：恐惧与绝望】 语料积累 单词 shout v.大声喊叫　scream v.尖叫　struggle v.挣扎；奋斗；艰难行进　hopeless adj.不抱希望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地　threat n.威胁→threaten v.威胁；胁迫　despair n.绝望　desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n.绝望 词块 in despair/desperation绝望地　fall into despair/sink into hopelessness/abandon oneself to despair陷入绝望 be in the depths of despair陷入绝望的深渊　give up all hope绝望　be thrown into a world of darkness被投入黑暗世界　be getting desperate with＋情感名词 因为……而感到越来越绝望　weep bitter tears of despair/desperation绝望得痛哭流涕　be seized with overwhelming despair绝望到极点　one’s eyes be glued to/be fixed on sb.with disappointment失望地盯着某人 句型 Trapped in the flood，tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face.(无生命名词作主语) 被困在洪水中，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。 I felt more frightened and sensed death was waiting for me. 我感到更加害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。 As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually. 随着时间的推移，我能活着的信念逐渐消退。 Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.(无生命名词作主语) 他苍白的脸上写满了绝望。 A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely.(无生命名词作主语) 他完全被绝望吞没了。 His heart was torn with despair. 他的心因绝望而破碎。 精读真题提素养 精读真题提素养/在语篇集训中拓展单元主题 　　•阅读理解(2021·全国乙卷·C) 　　You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage，forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year，the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves，frozen mid-crash.Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups，the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City，Vietnam. 　　 Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution，but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and，because of their small size and weight，they cannot be recycled.Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone，the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018，Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic：Every 60 seconds，a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work，titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic，which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.  Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冯·黄用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒人们改善环境问题。 28.What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products. C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。由题干中的Von Wong’s artworks可以定位到第一段“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage...”。由 “...forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知，他创作出这样的作品是为了促使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。故选C。 29.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful. C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。由题干中的discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3可定位到第三段。由“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic pollution，but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and，because of their small size and weight，they cannot be recycled.”可知，全球塑料废品回收率低，人们喝饮料时不需要塑料管，而且由于它们的小体积和重量，它们不能被回收利用。故选A。 30.What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A.Calming.　　　　　　 B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。由第四段可知，在2018 年的一篇文章中，Von Wong 想要说明一个具体的统计数据，每60秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋。为了制作这个名为《一卡车的塑料》的作品，冯·黄和一群志愿者收集了10 000多件塑料，然后把它们捆在一起，看起来就像是从卡车上一次性扔下来的。可推测，这样的景象很有震撼 性，从而会让观众感到不安。故选B。 31.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍的是本杰明·冯·黄用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。故选D。 【词汇识记】 1.straw n.稻草；(喝饮料用的)吸管；麦秆 adj.稻草的 2.relationship n.关系，联系 3.single adj.单个的；单身的 4.title vt.冠以……之名 5.globe n.球体；地球→global adj.全球的，全世界的→globally adv.全世界地 6.recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 7.collect vt.收集，采集→collection n.收集；收藏品；专辑→collector n.收藏者 【熟词生义】(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思) Every 60 seconds，a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. ____________ 值……数量 【难句分析】 For this work，titled “Truckload of Plastic”，Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic，which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once. [译文选择] A.为了这件名为“一卡车塑料”的艺术品，冯·黄和一群志愿者收集了10 000多件塑料，然后把这些塑料绑在一起，使它们看起来就像从一辆卡车里马上倒出来一样。 B.为了这件名为“一卡车塑料”的艺术品，冯·黄和一群志愿者收集了10 000多件塑料，然后把这些塑料绑在一起，使它们看起来就像从一辆卡车里一下子倒出来一样。(B) [结构分析] 句子主语是Von Wong and a group of volunteers，谓语动词是collected，宾语more than 10，000 pieces of plastic；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰more than 10，000 pieces of plastic；titled “Truckload of Plastic”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰this work。 课时作业 课时作业9 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·河南郑州第一次质检)Many news reports focus on climate change these days.Extreme heat，wildfires，floods，homeless polar bears...How do you feel when reading worrying news about climate change? You may believe that people are becoming insensitive to the warming planet，accepting that it is only getting worse. A research team at Pennsylvania State University，US，reported otherwise.To record how the news can impact people’s emotions，participants were first exposed to negative news stories about climate change for three days.They then continued to read negative news headlines for seven days.In the first three days，the participants experienced greater fear and less hope，which can potentially hurt an audience’s belief that they can do anything to tackle the problem. However，during the seven-day-long exposure，the fear peaked and then held steady (稳定的).“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more exposure people had to these threatening news stories each day，the more likely they were to think that they could make a difference in tackling climate change，” Christofer Skurka，the paper’s lead author told the Pennsylvania State University website. According to the researchers，one possibility is that when the public hears about climate change threats，they may convince themselves that they have control over the situation.They will then believe that their actions may make a difference. Knowing that everyone is able to help is only the first step. According to a study that analyzed information from 430 different studies，what motivates people most to change their behavior is social comparison.For example，if a person’s neighbors follow a low-carbon lifestyle，such as driving electric cars，the person may feel social pressure and become more likely to follow this behavior.This happens because people usually judge their own behavior and follow social norms (规范).Another effective motivation is providing financial rewards for consumers，helping them save money. “There are so many routes to our goals，” Matthew Goldberg，the co-author of the study，told Scientific American.As Goldberg pointed out，future research like this can help policymakers decide how best to encourage people toward more climate-friendly habits. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了公众读到气候变化威胁的负面新闻的反应，并介绍了鼓励气候友好型行为的方法。 1.How did the participants react to negative news in the second study? (　　) A.They found the news unbelievable. B.They lost hope in tackling climate change. C.They experienced greater fear for the future. D.They felt a strong sense of social responsibility. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We saw the opposite pattern in our second study.The more exposure people had to these threatening news stories each day，the more likely they were to think that they could make a difference in tackling climate change”可知，在第二项研究中，参与者面对负面新闻，认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面有所作为，即他们感受到强烈的社会责任感。 1 2 3 4 2.What encourages people most toward more climate-friendly behavior? (　　) A.Effective policy. B.A healthy lifestyle. C.Social influence. D.Financial support. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容和第五段中的“According to a study that analyzed information from 430 different studies，what motivates people most to change their behavior is social comparison.”可知，人们可能会说服自己采取环保的行为，最能激励人们改变自己行为的是社会比较，即社会影响。 1 2 3 4 3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?(　　) A.Responses to climate change education. B.The effectiveness of community initiatives. C.The impact of social norms on environment. D.Ways to encourage climate-friendly behavior. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：段落大意题。根据第五段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了鼓励人们采取环保行为的方法，即鼓励气候友好型行为的方法。 4.What is Goldberg’s attitude towards similar future research?(　　) A.Doubtful.　　　　　　 B.Optimistic. C.Objective. D.Indifferent. 1 2 3 4 B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Goldberg对未来类似的研究持乐观的态度。 B (2024·山东济南质量检测) In the animal world，speed is king. Fast animals have a leg up in outrunning other animals，which puts them high on the food chain. It would seem that all animals would go for speed，but then there’s the sloth (树懒).While a lion can go from 0 to 60 miles an hour in only five seconds，it takes a sloth all day to cover no more than 50 meters. Sloths live entirely in trees on a diet of leaves. And for this，they are extremely rare. While most of the land world is covered in trees，there are very few vertebrates (脊椎动物) that call the tree home. The aim of a 2016 study，says Jonathan Pauli，professor of forest and wildlife ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison，was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique. “Among vertebrates，this is the rarest of lifestyles，” says Pauli. “When you picture animals that live off plant leaves，they are almost all big—things like deer. What’s super interesting about sloths is that they can’t be big.” For their research，Pauli and his Wisconsin team studied wild sloths at a field site. When the researchers measured the energy use of sloths，they found a wildly low burning of as little as 110 calories of energy a day. And for this，they take the cake：it is the lowest measured energetic output for any mammal (哺乳动物).  “The measurement was intended to find out what it cost sloths to live over a day，” says Pauli，who adds a diet of little but leaves lacks nutritional value and that the animal’s small size doesn’t allow for overeating—so sloths need to find ways to make the most of their diets，which means using tiny amounts of energy，dramatic control of body temperature and living at an extremely slow pace. Their reward? A wonderfully widespread ecological system to call their own，one slow inch at a time. 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。在速度为王的动物界，似乎所有的动物都在追求速度，但树懒除外，它拥有独特的生活方式。Pauli和他的团队对此进行了研究。 5.Why is a lion mentioned in paragraph 1?(　　) A.To admire lions’ speed. B.To state sloths’ weakness. C.To confirm lions’ lead position. D.To highlight sloths’ uniqueness. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。 第一段提到狮子主要是在速度方面和树懒进行对比。再根据第二段中的“The aim of a 2016 study...was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique.”可知，文章主要揭示树懒的独特性，所以第一段提到狮子是为了用明显的对比引出文章主题，即树懒的独特性，故选D项。 5 6 7 8 6.What is the 2016 study mainly about?(　　) A.The lifestyle of sloths. B.The diet of vertebrates. C.The species of rare animals. D.The energy use of creatures. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“The aim of a 2016 study...was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique.”可知，2016年的研究的目的是帮助揭示树懒为什么如此独特；再根据第二段中的“Among vertebrates，this is the rarest of lifestyles”可知，A项“树懒的生活方式”正确。 5 6 7 8 7.What does the underlined part “take the cake” in paragraph 3 probably mean?(　　) A.Break down.　　　　　 B.Keep on. C.Stand out. D.Grow up. 5 6 7 8 C 150 解析：词句猜测题。根据画线短语前的“When the researchers...they found a wildly low burning of as little as 110 calories of energy a day.”和画线短语后的“it is the lowest measured energetic output for any mammal”可知，当研究人员测量树懒的能量消耗时，他们发现树懒每天消耗的能量极低，只有110卡路里，这是所有哺乳动物测得的最低能量输出。所以这一特点使得树懒很显眼。故画线短语与C项“突出，显眼，引人注目”的意思最为接近。 5 6 7 8 151 8.What can be inferred about sloths from Pauli’s words?(　　) A.Their slow pace is a balanced choice. B.They are faced with possible extinction. C.Their slow pace decides a tiny appetite. D.They suffer a lot against natural enemies. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“a diet of little but leaves... living at an extremely slow pace”可知，树懒几乎只吃树叶的饮食缺乏营养价值，而且树懒的体型小，也不能吃得过多，所以树懒需要找到充分利用饮食的方法，这意味着使用少量的能量，夸张地控制体温，并以非常缓慢的速度生活，故选A项。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·广东广州一模)I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift.I took a 　1　 as the snowstorm was approaching.  Then the snow started and was coming down 　2　.Within minutes I was in a whiteout.The windows were 　3　 and getting covered with snow，so I slowed down and rolled down my driver’s side window，thinking I could better 　4　 the road edge and keep to a straight line.But really，I had no 　5　 where I was.I stopped and kept the car running to stay　6　.I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 The call left me in 　7　.Breathe，I told myself.An idea occurred to me.I 　8　 my location online and explained what I was 　9　，wishing for anyone to come to my rescue.Soon enough，people started chiming in on my post.I got a 　10　 from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby.I had never been more 　11　.  Then I saw a big 　12　 in the dark.He had walked about 500 metres to get me，　13　 the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK.Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow，sure of the 　14　.I drove slowly behind him.When we reached his house，I burst into tears of 　15　.  1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，描述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车中，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人在恶劣天气中的救援，并被引领至安全之地的经历。 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 1.A.shortcut　　 B.turn C.look D.risk 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching”及“But really，I had no 　5　where I was.”可知，由于暴风雪即将来临，作者抄了一条近路，结果遇到了麻烦。  2.A.soon B.fast C.lightly D.suddenly 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文“Within minutes I was in a whiteout”可知，雪下得很快。 3.A.locked B.closed C.frozen D.broken 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文“getting covered with snow”可知，此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态，C项“frozen”符合语境。 4.A.follow B.cover C.mark D.remember 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line”可知，此处说的是沿着路边。 5.A.plan B.clue C.doubt D.problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running”以及“I called 911”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路了，不知道自己在哪里。 6.A.awake B.calm C.warm D.still 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running”可知，作者停下来但保持汽车运转。由此可知，作者试图通过保持汽车运转的方式保暖。 7.A.confusion B.trouble C.embarrassment D.panic 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据上文“I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night”可知，作者向911求救，却被告知要等一晚上，所以作者感到惊慌失措。 8.A.confirmed B.found C.posted D.checked 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据下文“Soon enough，people started chiming in on my post.”可知，作者在网上发了帖子。 9.A.looking at B.going through C.searching for D.carrying out 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据下文“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue”可知，作者讲述的是自己正在经历的事情。 10.A.tip B.comment C.like D.message 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，作者收到了一条消息。 11.A.inspired B.relieved C.convinced D.amazed 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：B 解析：根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby”可知，在困境中有陌生人试图帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负。 12.A.policeman B.creature C.shadow D.figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文“He had walked about 500 metres to get me”可知，此处说的是人影。 13.A.fighting B.avoiding C.checking D.reporting 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Then the snow started and was coming down 　2　. Within minutes I was in a whiteout.”可知，帮助作者的人顶着大风大雪前来，A项“fighting与……作斗争”符合语境。  14.A.goal B.danger C.depth D.direction 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：D 解析：根据下文“I drove slowly behind him”可知，前来帮忙的人知道方向，所以作者跟着他开车。 15.A.hope B.love C.gratitude D.pride 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7 显示原文 答案：C 解析：根据上文“But really，I had no 　5　 where I was”以及“When we reached his house”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路了，被陌生人帮助。由此可知，作者心怀感激。  二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 核心 单词 Para.2：be exposed to...接触到……，暴露于…… 词缀 变形 Para.1：insensitive adj.漠不关心的；(对某事物)无感觉，麻木不仁的→sensitive adj.神经过敏的；体贴的；善解人意的；敏感的 Para.2：potentially adv.可能地，潜在地→potential n.潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的 Para.3：threatening adj.威胁(性)的，恐吓(性)的；乌云密布的→threaten v.威胁；危及，对……构成威胁→threat n.威胁，恐吓 B 篇 核心 单词 Para.1：outrun v.跑得比……快(或远) Para.2：rare adj.稀罕的；珍贵的；稀少的　uncover v.发现，揭露　unique adj.独特的；唯一的；独一无二的 Para.3：measure v.测量；度量　wildly adv.非常，极其　output n.(人、机器、机构的)产量，输出量 Para.4：dramatic adj.夸张的；戏剧的；巨大的；引人注目的 Para.5：reward n.奖励；回报；报酬　widespread adj.广泛的；普遍的；分布广的 B 篇 核心 短语 Para.1：have a leg up比别人更具有优势　the food chain食物链　no more than不超过，至多 Para.2：live off靠……过活，依赖……生活 Para.4：allow for使有可能　make the most of充分利用 Para.5：something to call your own属于自己的东西 词缀 变形 Para.3：energy n.能量；能源；精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的 Para.4：nutrition n.营养→nutritional adj.营养的 B 篇 熟词 生义 cover (Para.1)常用义：v.遮盖；覆盖　文章义：v.走完(一段路程) 例句：They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.他们昨天是打算走40英里的。 难句 分析 “The measurement was intended to find out what it cost sloths to live over a day，”says Pauli，who adds that a diet of little but leaves lacks nutritional value and that the animal’s small size doesn’t allow for overeating—so sloths need to find ways to make the most of their diets，which means using tiny amounts of energy，dramatic control of body temperature and living at an extremely slow pace.(Para.4) B 篇 难句 分析 分析：本句中what it...a day是宾语从句，作find out的宾语；who adds...allow for overeating是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Pauli，该定语从句中又含有两个that引导的宾语从 句；which means...是which引导的非限制性定语从句。 译文：“测量的目的是找出树懒一天的能量消耗，”泡利说。他补充说，除了树叶外，树懒的日常饮食几乎没有营养价值，而且这种动物的小体型不允它吃得过多——所以树懒需要找到方法来充分利用它们的饮食，这意味着使用少量的能量，极大地控制体温，并以极慢的速度生活。 课时作业10 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·福建厦门适应性考试)Common water plant could provide a green energy source.Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed，one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants.Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel (生物柴油) for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future. For a new study，researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans.John Shanklin，a biochemist says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil output in the next few years. Unlike fossil fuels，which form underground，biofuels can be refreshed faster than they are used.Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils，animal fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do，but there has been a recent negative view against them.This is partly because so many crops now go into energy production rather than food； biofuels take up more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land. Duckweed，common on every continent but Antarctica，is among the world’s most productive plants，and the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons.First，it grows readily in water，so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural land.Second，duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into the water.Third，Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major biotechnological barrier：For the new study，Shanklin says，the researchers added an oil-producing gene，“turning it on like a light switch” by introducing a particular molecule (分子) only when the plant had finished growing.Shanklin says，“If it replicates (复制) in other species—and there’s no reason to think that it would not—this can solve one of our biggest issues，which is how we can make more oil in more plants without negatively affecting growth.” To expand production to industrial levels，scientists will need to design and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil—a challenge，Shanklin says，because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop without much existing infrastructure (基础设施). 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了从浮萍中可提炼出植物油并可以转化为生物柴油，用于运输和供暖。因此，浮萍成了很具潜力的可持续性能源。但同时这也面临着很多的挑战。 1.What can people get from duckweed firsthand?(　　) A.Plant oil.　　　　　　　 B.Stable biodiesel. C.Sustainable water. D.Natural heat. 1 2 3 4 A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed，one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants.”可知，从浮萍中可以提炼出植物油。 2.What does paragraph 4 mainly convey?(　　) A.Options for renewable energy. B.Reasons for engineering genes. C.The potential of revolutionary energy source. D.The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution. 1 2 3 4 C 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“the researchers suggest it could be a game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons.”以及“Shanklin says，‘If it replicates in other species—and there’s no reason to think that it would not—this can solve one of our biggest issues，which is how we can make more oil in more plants without negatively affecting growth.’”可知，第四段主要介绍了浮萍作为革命性能源的潜力。 1 2 3 4 3.What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant?(　　) A.Industrial levels. B.Unique design. C.Academic research. D.Basic facilities. 1 2 3 4 D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，基础设施决定了工厂的大规模生产。 4.What would be the best title for the text?(　　) A.Duckweed Power B.Duckweed Production C.Genetic Engineering D.Genetic Testing 1 2 3 4 A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed，one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants.Transferring such plant oil into biodiesel for transportation and heating could be a big part of a more sustainable future.”可知，文章主要介绍了从常见的水生植物浮萍中可以提炼出生物燃料，浮萍在未来可能是非常重要的可持续能源。A选项“Duckweed Power”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为本文的标题。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·云南昆明“三诊一模”)In Takoma Park，Maryland，in suburban Washington，people，adults or students，lined up at a pay phone outside a restaurant several times a week. “Once I put the phone out there，it just took off，” said David Schulman，a Takoma Park violinist who created the Bird Calls Phone.Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow-crowned night heron (夜鹭)， 7 to hear a pileated (红冠) woodpecker’s call and 9 for the distinct scream of a red-tailed hawk.Instructions about how to use the phone are in three languages：English，Spanish and Amharic—a reflection of Takoma Park’s Ethiopian community.In all，10 birds native to the Takoma Park area are featured. In addition to being fun，listening to Bird songs can reduce stress and anxiety，studies show.Even hearing recordings of birds can relieve negative emotions. After noticing an abandoned，nonworking pay phone in town，Schulman wondered if he could turn it into something appealing.He said，“I really like the old technology of just picking up a receiver，pressing one button and having something happen.” Schulman thought bringing birds sounds to the abandoned phone was a way to add a bit of nature to the neighborhood. Takoma Park city officials agreed，and they budgeted $5，000 to complete the project.Schulman reached out to The McCaulay Library in Ithaca，New York，which agreed to send him a few dozen recordings of native birds.He then managed to gain the help of software engineer and artist Branden Hall to rewire the phone to play different bird calls.Schulman said he persuaded several of his friends to record short descriptions of each bird to go with the calls. “One thing I like about the Bird Calls Phone is that it’s the opposite of a loud broadcast，” Schulman said.“Only one person can listen at a time，and each person will take away their own unique experience.” 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。在马里兰州的塔科马帕克市，人们每周会有几次在一家餐厅外的付费电话前排队。音乐家David Schulman创作了“鸟鸣电话”，让人们可以通过电话听到夜鹭、红冠啄木鸟和红尾鹰等10种当地鸟类的叫声。 5.What will listeners hear if they press buttons on the pay phone?(　　) A.The calls of native birds. B.Songs in different languages. C.Descriptions of local creatures. D.Instructions on reducing stress. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow-crowned night heron，7 to hear a pileated woodpecker’s call and 9 for the distinct scream of a red-tailed hawk.”和“In all，10 birds native to the Takoma Park area are featured.”可知，如果听众按下公用电话的按钮，他们会听到本地鸟类的叫声。 5 6 7 8 6.Which of the following best describes David Schulman?(　　) A.Observant and nature-loving. B.Diligent and easy-going. C.Serious and public-spirited. D.Ambitious and kind-hearted. 5 6 7 8 A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“After noticing an abandoned，nonworking pay phone in town，Schulman wondered if he could turn it into something appealing.”和“Schulman thought bringing birds sounds to the abandoned phone was a way to add a bit of nature to the neighborhood.”可知，David Schulman注意到废弃的公用电话，并把它变成“鸟鸣电话”，让人们可以听到当地鸟类的叫声，为社区增添了自然气息。这表明他是一个善于观察，关心自然的人。 5 6 7 8 7.What can be inferred about the project?(　　) A.It encourages art appreciation. B.It presents the harmony among birds. C.It turns loud broadcasts into private phones. D.It receives broad support from the community. 5 6 7 8 D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，David Schulman的项目得到了当地政府、纽约图书馆和朋友的支持，说明该项目得到社会各界的广泛支持。 197 8.What can be a suitable title for the text?(　　) A.A Violinist Specializes in Ecology B.Pick up the Phone，Hear Bird Songs C.Close to Nature，Far From Depression D.Turn Trash into Treasure in Washington 5 6 7 8 B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow-crowned night heron，7 to hear a pileated woodpecker’s call and 9 for the distinct scream of a red-tailed hawk.Instructions about how to use the phone are in three languages：English，Spanish and Amharic—a reflection of Takoma Park’s Ethiopian community.In all，10 birds native to the Takoma Park area are featured.”可知，文章报道了音乐家David Schulman创作了“鸟鸣电话”，让人们可以通过电话听到夜鹭、红冠啄木鸟和红尾鹰等10种当地鸟类的叫声，为社区增添了自然气息。由此推知，“Pick up the Phone，Hear Bird Songs”适合作为本文的标题。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) 　　[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从事园艺的好处。 200 　　(2024·浙江杭州三模) Green Is Good Planting and growing things offer a lot more than fresh vegetables and flowers.Working in a nice outdoor space can help you control weight，help you stay fit，and sharpen your mind—and that’s just for starters.There are more advantages. It’s a fun workout. 1(　　) But if you find the idea of working in a garden a bit dull，knowing it’s doing you good physically might make it more entertaining. You plant seeds，pull up weeds，move pots，and push a lawnmower etc.2(　　) Even better，whatever your age，it is an activity with a purpose—and one that might keep you in motion longer than traditional exercise.  A.It boosts your immune system. B.It helps you stay fit physically and psychologically. C.In fact，gardening can contribute to reducing the risk of a heart attack. D.It’s wonderful to get out in the garden on a beautiful day to give it a tidy. E.Gardening is a great way to maintain those fine motor (肌肉运动的) skills and muscles. F.The gardening tasks actually provide a whole-body workout for adults over 65 years old. G.More than just good exercise for your body，gardening provides a workout for your brain. 1.答案：D 解析：由下文“But if you find the idea of working in a garden a bit dull”可知，本空与下文为转折关系，要讲跟“在花园里工作好”有关的话题，故D项能引起下文，符合语境。 2.答案：F 解析：由上文“You plant seeds，pull up weeds，move pots，and push a lawnmower etc.”可知，本空要讲跟“这些园艺活动”有关的话题，由下文“Even better，whatever your age，it is an activity with a purpose-and one that might keep you in motion longer than traditional exercise.”可知，本空要说跟“园艺活动与年龄”有关的话题，故F项能承上启下，符合语境。 It reduces your risk of heart disease. Even though gardening may not involve high-intensity exercise，it still provides heart-healthy benefits.3(　　) The benefits come from a combination of physical exercise and the stress reduction that ‘playing in the dirt’ provides.  A.It boosts your immune system. B.It helps you stay fit physically and psychologically. C.In fact，gardening can contribute to reducing the risk of a heart attack. D.It’s wonderful to get out in the garden on a beautiful day to give it a tidy. E.Gardening is a great way to maintain those fine motor (肌肉运动的) skills and muscles. F.The gardening tasks actually provide a whole-body workout for adults over 65 years old. G.More than just good exercise for your body，gardening provides a workout for your brain. 3.答案：C 解析：由小标题“It reduces your risk of heart disease.”可知，本空要讲跟“降低心脏病风险”有关的话题，故C项能承接上文。 4(　　)   Having dirt under your fingernails may be a sign of poor hygiene (卫生)，but scientists say it could also be a mark of good health.Thanks to beneficial bacteria found in soil，gardening may improve your immune system，helping you get sick less and fight off infections easier，according to research that includes a 2015 study published in the international journal Immuno Targets and Therapy. A.It boosts your immune system. B.It helps you stay fit physically and psychologically. C.In fact，gardening can contribute to reducing the risk of a heart attack. D.It’s wonderful to get out in the garden on a beautiful day to give it a tidy. E.Gardening is a great way to maintain those fine motor (肌肉运动的) skills and muscles. F.The gardening tasks actually provide a whole-body workout for adults over 65 years old. G.More than just good exercise for your body，gardening provides a workout for your brain. 4.答案：A 解析：空处为本段小标题，由下文“Thanks to beneficial bacteria found in soil，gardening may improve your immune system，helping you get sick less and fight off infections easier，according to research that includes a 2015 study published in the international journal Immuno Targets and Therapy.”可知，本空要讲跟“免疫系统”有关的话题，故A项可以作为小标题。 It increases coordination (配合) and strength. Hand and finger strength，flexibility and coordination are essential for everyday tasks like opening jars，carrying packages and picking up children.5(　　) A.It boosts your immune system. B.It helps you stay fit physically and psychologically. C.In fact，gardening can contribute to reducing the risk of a heart attack. D.It’s wonderful to get out in the garden on a beautiful day to give it a tidy. E.Gardening is a great way to maintain those fine motor (肌肉运动的) skills and muscles. F.The gardening tasks actually provide a whole-body workout for adults over 65 years old. G.More than just good exercise for your body，gardening provides a workout for your brain. 5.答案：E 解析：由小标题“It increases coordination and strength.”及上文“Hand and finger strength，flexibility and coordination are essential for everyday tasks like opening jars，carrying packages and picking up children.”可知，本空要讲跟“增强协调性和力量”有关的话题，故E项能承接上文，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·江苏南京二模)Incense (香) boasts a long history， 1. ____________ its roots in many cultures—ancient China，ancient Egypt，ancient Babylon and beyond.People from all walks of life benefit from its countless qualities，whether they use it for pleasure 2. ____________as medicine. with or Since the Tang and the Song Dynasties，burning incense，hanging paintings，making tea，and arranging flowers have been known as the “four arts for literati (文人)”.3. ____________(make) from seeds，leaves and flowers，incense has been used as an enjoyable 4. ____________ (pursue) for scholars. Moreover，medical incense is an essential part of Traditional Chinese Medicine，which considers preventative healthcare as 5. ____________far superior form of treatment when illness strikes. Made pursuit a 6.____________ (basic)，medical incense can kill bacteria in the environment，protecting people against infections.It is also believed 7. ____________ (possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi，a vital energy force within the body.Once the medical elements within incense are breathed in，they soon find 8. ____________ (they) way into the bloodstream.From there they go directly to the organs 9. ____________ treatment assistance is needed.The specific types of incense 10._______ ____________ (choose) based on the individual’s condition，aiming to restore balance and promote well-being.  Basically to possess their where are chosen 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 核心 单词 Para.1：duckweed n.浮萍 Para.2：output n.产量；产生，生产过程 Para.4：game-changing adj.颠覆性的　readily adv.快捷地；轻而易举地；便利地 核心 短语 Para.1：figure out想出；弄明白　transfer...into...将……转变为…… 词缀 变形 Para.2：genetically adv.基因地，遗传地→genetic adj.基因的；遗传学的→gene n.基因 B 篇 核心 单词 Para.1：suburban adj.郊区的，城外的 Para.2：distinct adj.清晰的，清楚的，明显的；不同种类的　scream n.尖叫，大声叫　instruction n.用法说明，操作指南；命令，指示　reflection n.反映，显示，表达　native adj.土著的；当地的 Para.3：relieve v.解除，减轻，缓和(不快或痛苦) Para.4：abandoned adj.被离弃的，被遗弃的，被抛弃的　appealing adj.有吸引力的，令人感兴趣的 Para.5：budget v.谨慎花钱；把……编入预算　persuade v.说服，劝说 Para.6：opposite n.对立的人(或物)；对立面，反面 B 篇 核心 短语 Para.1：line up排成一行，站队，排队(等候) Para.2：take off迅速成功，迅速走红 Para.5：reach out to...请求……的帮助 $$