内容正文:
北师大版
必修第二册
Unit 5 Humans and Nature
课本同步高考3500核心词汇
+固定搭配+熟词生义汇总
一核心单词40个
一高频固定搭配40组
一一词多义精讲10词
01
高考3500核心单词
音标·词性·常规义·熟词生义
1
human/'hju:man/ad.&n.人类的;人
★高考生义:human nature人性;human being人类(可数);human race人类(总称)
2
nature /'nertfa(r)ln.自然;本性
★高考生义:by nature天生地;in nature本质上;second nature第二天性/习惯成自然
3
disaster/dr'za:sta(r)/n.灾难;灾祸
★高考生义:natural disaster自然灾害;disaster relief救灾;搭配strike(灾难)侵袭
4 flood /fid/n.&洪水;淹没
★高考生义:a flood of大量的(信件/回忆等);flood in大量涌入
5
drought/drat/n.干旱;旱灾
★高考生义:suffer from drought遭受旱灾;relieve drought缓解旱情
6
earthquake/'3:kweIk/n.地震
★高考生义:a powerful/massive earthquake强烈地震;earthquake--stricken area地震灾区
7
volcano /vDl'keinau/n.火山
★高考生义:erupt(火山)喷发;active volcano活火山
8
hurricane /'hArikan/n.飓风
★高考辨析:hurricane(大西洋)vs.typhoon(太平洋)vs.cyclone(印度洋)
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9
damage/daemId3:/n.&v损害;破坏
食高考生义:do damage to对…造成损害;damages(复数)赔偿金(法律语境)
10
destroy/dr'stroI/摧毁;毁灭
食高考辨析:destroy彻底摧毁(不可修复);damage部分损坏(可修复);ruin毁掉(抽象/逐渐)
11
survive/sa'vaIv/v.幸存;存活
★高考生义:survive on靠…维持生存;survive sb.by.比某人多活…年;survivor n.幸存者
12
rescue/'reskju:/n.&u营救;救援
★高考生义:come/go to one's rescue来营救某人;rescue team救援队;rescue...from.从中救出
13
shelter /'felta(r)/n.&庇护所;掩蔽
★高考生义:take shelter from躲避;provide shelter for为…提供庇护
14
escape/r'skeIp/v&n.逃跑;逃避
食高考生义:escape doing sth.逃脱做某事(不接todo);a narrow escape九死一生;escape one's
attention未被某人注意到
15
protect/pra'tekt/保护,防护
★高考生义:protect...from/against..保护…免受…;protection n.保护
16
prevent /pr'vent/M阻止;预防
★高考生义:prevent sb.(from)doing sth.阻止某人做某事;prevent disease预防疾病
17
pollution/p3'lu:fn/n.污染
★高考生义:air/water/noise pollution;reduce pollution减少污染;pollute v.污染
18
recycle,ri'saIkl/回收利用
★高考生义:recycle waste回收废物;recycled materials再生材料
19
energy'enad3i/n.能量;能源
★高考生义:renewable energy可再生能源;be full of energy精力充沛;devote energy to致力于
20
resource/rr'ss/n.资源
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★高考生义:natural resources自然资源;resource-rich资源丰富的
21
environment/in'vaIranmant/n.环境
★高考生义:protect the environment;environmentally friendly环保的
22
climate/'klarmat/n.气候
★高考生义:climate change气候变化;economic climate经济形势/气候(比喻义)
23
threaten/Oretn/v.威胁;恐吓
★高考生义:threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事;be threatened with受到…的威胁;threat n.威,胁
24
extinct/ik'strnkt/ad.灭绝的
★高考生义:become extinct灭绝;extinction n.灭绝;endangered濒危的
25 balance/baelans/n.&平衡
食高考生义:keep a balance between A and B保持A与B的平衡;strike a balance取得平衡;on balance
总的来说
26
affect/a'fekt/v影响;感动
★高考辨析:affect.影响;effect n.影响(have an effect on);★生义:be affected by受…影响;
be affected with患有…疾病
27
suffer /'snfa(r)/遭受;受苦
★高考生义:,suffer from遭受(疾病/灾害);suffer heavy losses遭受重大损失
28
Warn/wpn/u警告;提醒
★高考生义:warn sb.of/about sth.警告某人某事;warn sb..(not)to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事
29
ignore/g'n(r)/忽视;不理会
★高考辨析:ignore故意忽视;neglect疏忽(无意);★ignorant ad.无知的
30
aware/a'wea(r)/ad意识到的
食高考生义:be aware of意识到;be aware that..意识到;raise awareness提高意识
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31 reduce /dju:/s减少;降低
★高考生义:reduce...to.减少到…;reduce..by.减少了…;be reduced to doing沦落到做
32 limit/umt/n.&限制;极限
食高考生义:be limited to局限于;within limits在合理范围内;off limits禁止进入的
33
cause/ko:z/n.&原因;引起
★高考生义:cause sb..to do sth.导致某人做某事;the leading cause of…的主要原因;cause and
effect因果
34 effect/rfekt//n.影响;效果
★高考生义:have an effect on对…有影响;in effect实际上;take effect生效;side effect副作用
35
survive on/sa'varv on/phr靠...生存
★高考例句:They survived on very little food.
36 in danger/in'dend3(r)/phr处于危险中
★高考生义:in danger of有…的危险;out of danger脱离危险;endangered adj.濒危的
37
cut down/knt daon/phr砍倒;削减
★高考生义:cut down on减少(消费/用量);cut down trees砍树
38
die out/dar aut/phr灭绝;消失
★高考辨析:die out灭绝(物种);die away逐渐消失(声音/风);die down平息;die off相继死去
39
take action /terk'ekn/phr采取行动
★高考生义:take action to do sth.采取行动做某事;take immediate action立即采取行动
40
be responsible for/bir'sponsabl fo:(d)/phr对...负责
★高考生义:be responsible for doing sth.;responsibility n.责任;take responsibility for对…负责
02
单词绑定高考高频固定搭配
共40组
01 human nature|人性
02.in nature|本质上;事实上
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03 by nature|天生地;生来
04 natural disaster|自然灾害
05 a flood of I大量的;一大批
06 suffer from drought|遭受旱灾
07 do damage to|对…造成损害
08 come to one's rescue|来营救某人
09 take shelter from|躲避…
10 escape doing sth.|逃脱做某事
11 a narrow escape|九死-生
12 protect..from/against.…|保护.…免受.…
13 prevent sb.(from)doing sth.|阻止某人做某
14 be full of energy I精力充沛
事
15 renewable energy|可再生能源
16 natural resources|自然资源
17 environmentally friendly环保的
18 climate change|气候变化
19 threaten to do sth.I威胁要做某事
20 become extinct|灭绝
21 keep a balance between A and B|保持A与B
22 have an effect on|对…有影响
的平衡
23 be affected by I受…影响
24 suffer from|遭受;患…病
25 warn sb.of/about sth.|警告某人某事
26 be aware of|意识到
27 raise awareness of|提高对…的意识
28 reduce.to…|减少到…
29 be limited to局限于
30 cause sb.to do sth.|导致某人做某事
31 take effect|生效
32 in effect|实际上
33 side effect|副作用
34 in danger of|有…的危险
35 out of danger|脱离危险
36 cut down on|减少(用量)
37 die out|灭绝
38 take action to do sth.|采取行动做某事
39 be responsible for|对…负责
40 take responsibility for|对…承担责任
03
本单元/本模块高考重点一词多义精讲
真题必考
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1 nature
2 damage destroy ruin
①自然(常规义):We should live in harmony
①damage:部分损坏(可修复)→The storm
with nature.我们应与自然和谐相处。
damaged the roof..暴风雨损坏了屋顶。
②本性;天性(高考生义):It's not in his nature
②destroy:彻底摧毁(不可修复)→The fire
to be rude,粗鲁不是他的本性。
destroyed the whole building.大火摧毁了整栋
③by nature天生地(固定搭配):She is by
楼。
nature a shy person.她天生害羞。
③ruin:逐渐毁掉(抽象/希望/名声)→The
scandal ruined his career.丑闻毁了他的事业。
★应试区分:看到"本性/天性"选nature,看到"本
质上"用in nature。.
★应试区分:destroy强调彻底性;damage强调
损坏但未完全毁掉;ruin多用于抽象事物。
3
escape
4 balance
①逃跑;逃脱(常规义):The prisoner escaped
①平衡(常规义):Keep your balance while
from prison.囚犯从监狱逃跑了。
riding a bike.骑自行车时保持平衡。
②逃避;避免(高考生义):You can't escape
②余额;结余(高考生义):Check your bank
doing your duty.你无法逃避你的责任。
balance.查看你的银行余额。
③被忽略;未被注意(冷门生义):His name
③权衡;斟酌(动词生义):She balanced the
escaped my attention.我一时没注意到他的名字。
pros and cons.她权衡了利弊。
★应试区分:escape doing sth.(W);escape
★应试区分:strike a balance between A and B
to do sth.(x)。
取得A与B的平衡(高频短语)。
5 affect effect
6 cause
①affect v.影响(常规义):Smoking affects
①原因(常规义):The cause of the fire is
your health.吸烟影响你的健康。
unknown.火灾原因不明。
②affect v.感动(高考生义):She was deeply
②引起;导致(动词义):The heavy rain caused
affected by the movie..她被这部电影深深感动。
the flood.大雨引发了洪水。
③effect n.影响;效果:have an effect on
③事业;目标(高考生义):She devoted herself
对.有影响。
to the cause of education.她献身于教育事业。
④effect n.生效:The new law will take effect
★应试区分:cause sb.to do sth.(W);cause
next month.新法律下月生效。
sb.do sth.(x)。
★应试区分:affect是动词,effect是名词;take
effect不接宾语。
7 limit
8 survive
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①限制;极限(常规义):There is a limit to
①幸存;存活(常规义):Only one passenger
what I can do.我能做的有限。
survived the crash.只有一名乘客在坠机中幸存。
②局限;限定(动词义):The speech was
②比..活得长(高考生义):She survived her
limited to ten minutes.演讲被限定在十分钟内。
husband by ten years.她比丈夫多活了十年。
③off limits禁止进入的(高考生义):The
③survive on靠...生存:They survived on
construction site is off limits to visitors.施工现场
bread and water..他们靠面包和水维持生存。
禁止游客进入。
★应试区分:survive是及物动词,直接接宾语
★应试区分:be limited to(局限于);limit..to.
不加from;survive on后接食物/收入。
(把…限制在…)。
9
aware
10 take action
①意识到的(常规义):I was not aware of the
①采取行动(常规义):We must take action to
danger..我没有意识到危险。
protect the environment..我们必须采取行动保护
②有意识的;明白的:She is well aware that
环境。
time is limited.她很清楚时间有限。
②固定搭配拓展:take immediate action立即采
③raise awareness提高意识(高频搭配):The
取行动;take legal action采取法律行动。
campaign aims to raise awareness of climate
★应试区分:take action中action不可数,不加
change.该活动旨在提高对气候变化的意识。
a/an;但take an action偶尔出现在正式文体中。
★应试区分:be aware of(W);be aware to
(x);aware后接that从句。
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