Unit 1 Nature in the balance Welcome to the unit & Reading 重点词汇导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 1 Nature in the balance Section A Welcome to the unit & Readin重点词汇诠释 1 harm n．& vt.伤害，损害　harmful adj.有害的　harmless adj.无害的 ❶This event didn't harm his image. 这次事件没有损害他的形象。 ❷Don't harm your eyes by reading in the poor light. 不要在太暗的光线下看书，以免伤害你的眼睛。 ❸Fruit juices can be harmful to children's teeth. 果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。 ❹Too loud music can be harmful to our ears, so when listening to music, you shouldn't turn up the volume too high. 太吵的音乐对我们的耳朵有害，所以当你听音乐的时候，不应该把声音调得太高。 辨析比较 易混词 区别 harm 多指给人的肉体或精神带来的伤害。 Now that we have realized the great harm caused by pollution, we should take measures to prevent it. 既然我们已经意识到了污染带来的极大危害，我们就应该采取措施阻止它。 injury 多指对身体、名誉等的伤害，尤指意外事故中的“伤害”。 He got serious injuries in the accident. 他在那起事故中受伤严重。 wound 多指战斗、攻击中所造成的“伤，伤口”或心灵上的“创伤”。 The nurse cleaned the knife wound. 护士清洗了刀伤伤口。 hurt 可作名词或动词，多指对心灵或感情的“伤害”。 There was hurt and real anger in her voice. 她的声音里有难过，也有真正的愤怒。 语境助记 This object gives off harmful gases, which may do harm to/be harmful to our health. You'd better make the object harmless before you use it. 这个物体发出有害的气体，这些气体可能对我们的健康有害。你最好在用之前让它变得无害。 即学即练　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can be ________ (harm) to your body. ②The children are prevented ________ eating sweets by their father because they do harm ________ their teeth. ③珍妮似乎焦虑不安，不想伤害她的妈妈。 Jenny seems anxious and doesn't want to ______________________．(harm v．) ＝Jenny seems anxious and doesn't want to ______________________．(harm n．) 2 more than (1)“more than＋数字”意为“超过，多于”，相当于over。此时more than的反义短语为less than(少于，不超过)。 ❶I have known David for more than 20 years. 我认识戴维已经有20多年了。 ❷More than ten students have made this suggestion. 超过10个学生提出过这个建议。 (2)“more than＋n.”结构中意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。 ❸For many people, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art. 对很多人来说，钓鱼不只是一项运动，还是一门艺术。 (3)“more than＋adj./adv./v.”结构中意为“非常，很”，相当于very (much)。 ❹Lisa was more than sad to see her friend off at the airport. 丽萨很伤心地在机场送别她的朋友。 ❺I'm sure conditions over there will more than satisfy your requirements. 我确信，那边的条件会大大满足你的需要。 (4)“more than＋句子(句中常含有can或could)”中意为“非……所能……，是……难以……的”。 ❻The beauty of the West Lake is more than I can imagine. 西湖之美是我难以想象的。 ❼The heat there was more than he could stand. 那里的高温是他难以忍受的。 特别提示 “more than one＋可数名词单数”意为“不止一个……”，在语意上虽表示复数概念，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。有相同用法的还有many a(许多)。 More than one student in that school was admitted to Peking University this year. 今年那所学校不止一个学生被北京大学录取了。 即学即练　判断下列句子中more than的含义 ①Up to now more than five cities have been struck by the sudden typhoon.________________ ②—Do you need a hand, Tom? —Yes, the job is more than I can do myself.________________ ③Not surprisingly, I am more than excited to know that World Animal Protection is going to get some volunteers in China.________________ ④China Daily is more than a newspaper; it also helps us improve our English.________________ 3 shelter n．[U]遮蔽；居所，庇护 [C]遮蔽物；庇护处　vt.保护；掩蔽；收留　vi.躲避(风雨或危险) (1)under the shelter of sth. 在某物的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下 take shelter from... 躲避…… (2)shelter from... 躲避…… shelter...from... 保护……免受…… ❶We made a dash through the rain to the bus shelter. 我们冒雨冲进公共汽车候车亭。 ❷They enjoyed their picnic under the shelter of the tree. 他们在树荫下享受野餐。 ❸We took shelter from the storm in a barn. 我们在谷仓里躲避暴风雨。 ❹We sat in the shade of a large tree, sheltering from the sun. 我们坐在一棵大树的树荫下，避免被晒到。 ❺They got lost in the forest and couldn't find a place to shelter themselves from wind and rain. 他们在森林里迷路了，而且他们找不到遮风挡雨的地方。 语境助记 Food, clothing, fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs. 食品、衣物、燃料和住所是人类最基本的四种需求。 即学即练　单句语法填空 ①Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids ________ every kind of danger. ②She used an umbrella to take shelter ________ the burning sun. ③My mother, who had a ________ (shelter) upbringing (抚育), has fantastic memories of childhood. 4 variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 ❶Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. 与我们一起品尝各种新鲜的本地食物和饮料。 ❷The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. 不同文化的群体对沉默的理解不同。 ❸Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. 海洋的颜色在绿色到蓝色之间变化，这取决于浮游植物的种类和浓度。 ❹Typing patterns vary from person to person. 打字模式因人而异。 ❺No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day. 不管你喜欢做什么，都有办法参与到地球日的各种活动中去。 特别提示 a variety of/varieties of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，偶尔也可用单数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 语境助记 A variety of flowers are on show here. 各种各样的花在这里展出。 The variety of his books is astonishing. 他的书种类之多让人惊叹。 即学即练　单句语法填空 ①The students in my class come from a ________ (various) of different backgrounds. ②It is so convenient to live here because you can choose ________ (vary) ways of getting to different attractions. ③There are ________ (vary) kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. ④CCM organizes a ________ (vary) of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and ________ (vary) groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. 5 mass adj.大批的，广泛的　n．大量；团，块，堆；一大群 a mass of/masses of 大量(的)，许多(的) the mass of... ……中的大多数 the masses 群众；平民百姓 get close to the masses 接近群众 have a broad base of the masses 有广泛的群众基础 on a mass scale 大规模地 the mass media 大众传播媒介 mass production 批量生产 a mass marketing campaign 大规模营销活动 weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器 ❶Their latest product is aimed at the mass market. 他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。 ❷A mass of books/Masses of books were sent to Project Hope. 大量的书籍被送往了希望工程。 ❸The sky was full of dark masses of clouds. 天空中乌云密布。 ❹The reforms are supported by the mass of the population. 改革得到了大多数人的支持。 特别提示 a mass of/masses of后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，当“a mass of/masses of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的形式以of后名词所表达的意义而定。但在there be句型中，可根据就近原则，确定谓语动词的形式。 即学即练　完成句子 ①He was popular with the rich but failed to win the support of ________________ (民众). ②The reforms are unpopular with ____________________ (大多数教师). ③Now that you have __________________________________ (一大堆的工作) to do, you don't have to help me with the housework. ④Some countries are faced with ________________________________ (大批人失业的问题). 6 living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的(反义词dead)　n．生计，谋生；生活方式 (1)living things 生物 living languages 现用语言 the living room 客厅 living conditions 生活状况 (2)earn one's living/earn a living/make a living 谋生 everyday living 日常生活 healthy living 健康的生活方式 standards of living/living standards 生活水平 the cost of living 生活费用 ❶He's one of the greatest living composers. 他是仍然健在的最伟大的作曲家之一。 ❷It's said that there are more than five thousand living languages in the world. 据说世界上在使用的语言有五千多种。 ❸She earns her living as a part-time tutor. 她靠做兼职家庭教师来维持生计。 ❹My father never talked about what he did to make a living. 我父亲从不谈他是做什么来谋生的。 ❺Average wages have increased in line with the cost of living. 平均工资随着生活费用的提高而上涨了。 比较 ·alive“活着的；有活力的”，可作表语、后置定语或补语。 ·living“活着的”，与alive同义，可作表语或前置定语。 ·live“活的”，一般不指人，通常作前置定语；还可指“现场直播的”。 ·lively“充满活力的，生动有趣的”，可指人或物，作定语或表语。 即学即练　完成句子 ①You can't expect to ____________________________________ (谋生) from your painting. ②Mr. Smith did all he could to improve his family's __________________________________ (生活水平). ③With the price rising so quickly, I find 1，000 yuan a month can hardly cover ______________________________________________ (生活费用). 7 survive vi.生存，存活；继续存在　vt.幸存，幸免于难；艰难渡过；比……活(或存在)得时间长 (1)survive the disaster/war/attack/earthquake/flood/fire 在灾难/战争/袭击/地震/洪水/火灾中幸免于难 survive the crisis/hardship 渡过危机/艰难困苦 a way to survive 生存方式 struggle to survive 艰难地维持生计 (2)survive on... 依靠……生存下来 (3)survive sb. by＋时间段 比某人多活…… survival skills 生存技能 the survival of the fittest 适者生存 survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 ❶Ancient farming methods still survived in the Middle East at that time. 当时在中东，古老的耕作方式依然存在。 ❷She was the only person to survive the accident. 她是这次事故的唯一幸存者。 ❸Many birds didn't survive the severe winter. 很多鸟死于这次严冬。 ❹The little girl was the only survivor who survived the strong earthquake. She told the reporter that she had to survive on little food during the days when she was buried. I think her survival was a real wonder. 这个小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者。她告诉记者她在被掩埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。我想她的生还真的是一个奇迹。 即学即练　单句语法填空 ①It's said that the famous artist survived his wife ________ two years. ②The doctor gave him a one-in-ten chance of ________ (survive). ③Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ________ (survive). ④Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for ________ (survive) in an earthquake. ⑤I don't know how you all manage to survive ________ your husband's salary. ⑥________________ (survive) that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right. 8 in turn相应地，转而，反过来；轮流 in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 by turns 轮流地，交替地 take turns to do sth./(at/in) doing sth. 轮流做某事 take a turn for the worse/better (情况)恶化/好转 wait one's turn 等着轮到某人 It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 ❶Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论是建立在实践的基础上，反过来为实践服务。 ❷The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们依次自报姓名。 ❸It will be in Tom's turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到汤姆值日。 ❹We take turns making/to make dinner. 我们轮流做饭。 ❺It's your turn to clean the blackboard. 轮到你擦黑板了。 特别提示 by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。 即学即练　单句语法填空 ①We clean the classroom every week ________ turn. ②________ is my turn to clean the room. ③They took turns ________ (look) after their parents. ④It's my turn ________ (deliver) a speech in public. ⑤They took care of their sick father ________ turns. 9 break down (1)(机器或车辆)出故障，坏掉 ❶Our car broke down all of a sudden on the road. 我们的车突然在路上出了故障。 (2)(身体)垮掉，被搞垮 ❷If Tim carries on working like this, he'll break down sooner or later. 如果蒂姆继续这样工作，他的身体迟早会垮掉。 (3)(讨论、谈判等)失败；破裂 ❸She was unwilling to stay in America after her marriage broke down. 在她的婚姻破裂后，她就不愿意待在美国了。 (4)(使)分解 ❹Enzymes in the stomach break our food down into useful substances. 胃中的酶把我们的食物分解成有用的物质。 (5)消除，驱除(人与人之间的隔阂等) ❺It takes a long time to break down prejudices. 消除偏见需要很长的时间。 语境助记 We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night. 早上我们到达工作地点时发现有人在(前一天)晚上闯进了办公室。 The police came and broke up the crowds. 警察来了，把人群驱散了。 归纳拓展 break away (from)脱离，背叛 break out爆发 break in打断(谈话)；插话；破门而入(不及物) break through突破；克服 break into破门而入；突然开始(笑、唱等) break up解散；结束；分手 即学即练　判断下列句中break down的含义 ①Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination.________________ ②Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.________________ ③Men are left idle when machines break down.________________ ④You will break down if you take on more work than you can.________________ ⑤Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.________________ 10 due adj.应付的，到期的；预定的，预期发生(到达的)；应支付，应给予 (1)due to 由于，因为(to是介词) due to sth./sb. 由于某物/某人 due to lack of experience 由于缺少经验 due to the fact that... 由于…… (2)be due to do sth. 预计/预期做某事(to为不定式符号) be due to sb. 应付给/应给予某人(to为介词) be due for sth. 应得到某物 ❶The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding. 这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不中止。 ❷Ann and her husband became homeless due to their wrong investment. 安和她的丈夫因为他们的投资失误而变得无家可归。 ❸Please make sure you return the book before it's due. 请确保在到期前还书。 ❹She is due to complete her studies and graduate later this year. 她预计今年晚些时候就要完成学业并毕业了。 ❺Have they been paid the money that is due to them? 他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？ 即学即练　判断下列句子中due的含义/单句语法填空 ①The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.________________ ②The train due to arrive at 10 am was put off for 2 hours because of the storm.________________ ③It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due ________ concerns about increased screen time. ④He is making preparations for the English speaking contest which is due ________ (take) place next week. 11 impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞　vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 (1)have/make a great/deep impact on/upon 对……有重大/深远影响 have no impact on/upon 对……没有影响 the impact of... ……的影响 (2)the impact of sth. on/upon... 某物对……的影响 (3)be impacted by 受到……影响 ❶The teacher's words always have a deep impact on the future of the students. 老师的话总会对学生的将来产生深远影响。 ❷We become to realize the environmental impact of tourism. 我们逐渐意识到旅游业对环境的影响。 ❸Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years. 父亲去世对她的童年造成了巨大影响。 归纳拓展　表示“影响”的其他短语： have an/no effect/influence on sb./sth.对……有/无影响 make a/no difference to sb./sth.对……有/无影响 influence/affect sb./sth.影响某人/某物 即学即练　单句语法填空 ①Every teardown has ________ impact on the look and feel of a community. ②One of the most basic core values is honesty. It ________ (impact) our entire life: our jobs, our relationships, our own feelings about ourselves and the actions we take. ③We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact ________ our lives in many ways. 12 build up逐渐增加；增强……的体质；创建，开发 build up one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量 build up one's strength 增强体力 build up one's confidence (in) 增强(对……的)信心 build oneself up 增强体质 ❶I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up. 看到你的词汇量在逐渐增加，我很高兴。 ❷Ross took 20 years to build up his business. 罗斯花了20年的时间创业。 ❸Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination in my career. 他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。 ❹He has built up a very successful business. Now he is practicing Chinese kung fu. In his opinion, not only can it build up one's strength, but it can also build up one's confidence. 他已经创办了一家非常成功的企业，现在他又在练习中国功夫。在他看来，练习中国功夫不仅能增强体魄，而且还能增强自信。 拓展 build up表“建立，建造，建设”时，常指建造较大的物体；还可以指树立威信、名望等。 build up one's business创立某人的事业 build up fame建立名声 即学即练　判断下列句子中build up的含义/完成句子 ①For all these years I have been working for others. I hope I'll build up my own business some day.________________ ②Outdoor activities are really helpful in building up my body and enriching my school life.________________ ③If you don't express your feelings, sadness and anger can build up.________________ ④要花好几十年的时间来逐步达到所需要的教育和发展水平。 It would take many decades to ________________ the level of education and sophistication required. 参考答案 1．①harmful　②from; to　③harm her mother; do her mother harm/do harm to her mother 2．①超过，多于　②非……所能　③非常　④不只是，不仅仅是 3．①from　②from　③sheltered 4．①variety　②various　③various　④variety; various 5．①the masses　②the mass of teachers　③masses of work　④the problem of mass unemployment 6．①earn/make a living/earn your living　②living standards/standards of living　③the cost of living 7．①by　②survival　③survived　④survivors　⑤on ⑥Having survived 8．①in　②It　③to look/looking　④to deliver　⑤by 9．①消除　②将……分成若干部分　③出故障　④身体垮掉 ⑤失败，破裂 10．①到期的　②预定的　③to　④to take 11．①an　②impacts　③on/upon 12．①创建　②增强……的体质　③逐渐增加　④build up 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$