内容正文:
Section ⅢUsing Language
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示,写出下列单词。
1.argue v.争论,争辩→argument n.争论;论点;论据→arguably adv.可论证地;可争辩地
2.sharp adj.敏锐的,聪明的→sharpen vt.削尖;磨快;使敏捷;加重
3.intelligent adj.有智慧的,聪明的→intelligence n.智力;情报工作;才智,智慧;天分
Ⅱ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1.stay fit/healthy 保持健康
2.get ready 准备好
3.make some music 谱曲
4.argue about sth.with sb. 和某人辩论某事
5.take pictures 拍照片
6.twice a month 一月两次
7.take part in 参加
8.apply to 适用于;向……申请
9.take up 占据(时间或 空间)
10.if necessary 如果有必要
[寻规律、巧记忆]
adj.+(e)n→v.
take+adv.→动词短语
loose→loosen 松开
dark→darken变暗
quick→quiken加快
take off(飞机)起飞;脱掉
take back收回
take away拿走
1.Argue about the week's hottest topics with the school's sharpest minds!这本周最热点的话题与学校里头脑最敏锐的人辩论!
argue v.争论;争辩;争吵
※argue with sb.over/about sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against据理造成/反对……
argue that...主张……,认为……
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
※argument n.争论;争辩;争吵;论点;论据
have an argument with sb.about/over sth.就某事与某人争吵
(1)They are arguing with their classmates about/over the solution to the problem.
他们就这个问题的解决方案与同学们进行着辩论。
(2)Most of the members argued for his plan,which made him satisfied.
大多数成员支持他的计划,这让他很满意。
(3)Why did he have an argument(argue) with his wife yesterday?
昨天他为什么和妻子争吵?
(4)They argued_him_into_changing_his_mind.
他们说服他改变了主意。
[语境助记]
The workers,who argued for their own rights,argued with the boss for a few days,but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages because the boss argued against it and insisted that it was all right that their pay had already been OK.为他们自己的权利而辨的工人们和老板辩论了几天了,但还是没能说服老板为他们涨工资,因为老板反对并且坚持认为给工人们的工资已经不错了。
2.sharp adj.(人或人的头脑、眼睛等)敏锐的;聪明的;急转的;急剧的;锋利的;剧烈的;敏捷的;严厉的
►一词多义 写出下列各句中sharp的含义
①Mkae sure you use a good sharp knife.锋利的
②We came to a sharp bend in the road.急转的
③There is a sharp fall in unemployment.急剧的
④John's words were sharp for everyone present.严厉的
⑤I felt a sharp pain in my back.剧烈的
⑥He is very sharp,a quick thinker.敏锐的
sharpen v. 使变锋利;使敏锐
sharply adv. 严厉地;突然地;锋利地
sharpened adj. 打磨尖利的;削尖的
⑦They also made tools of bones and sharpened stones.
他们还用骨头和尖石做成工具。
⑧“Is there a problem?”he asked sharply(sharp).
“有问题吗?”他厉声喝问。
[名师点津]
有些形容词加后缀en可变为动词;darken(使)变暗;sharpen使尖锐,回剧;widen加宽;deepen加深;broaden加宽,扩大;straighten弄直,变直;quicken加快;brighten(使)变亮,(使)愉快;shorten缩短;worsen(使)恶化。
3.take up拿起;开始从事;占据;继续;从事于;接受
(教材P7)However,they can take up a lot of time,so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules.
然而它们占用大量的时间,因此学生们不得不学会安排自己繁忙的日程。
►一词多义 写出下列各句中take up的含义
①Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始从事
②Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing?接受
③We tried to find a table for seven,but they were all taken up.占用
④The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.继续
take in 欺骗;理解
take on 呈现;雇用;承担;从事
take over 掌管;控制
take off 休息;(飞机)起飞;事业腾飞
⑤When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.那架延误的班机何时起飞主要取决于天气。
⑥Technology is here to help us,but we should not allow it to_take(take) over our lives.技术是用来帮助我们的,但我们不应让它来控制我们的生活。
构词法
语境自主领悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
阅读下列句子,并体会黑体部分的用法
1.I saw a whitehaired man.
2.I replied.
3.He gave me a smile.
4.I breathed deeply.
5.I looked at them in panic.
6.I was embarrassed.
7.His words made me a lot more relaxed!
在以上这些例句中,
1.例句1、3都是“主+谓+宾”结构;例句3中有两个宾语。
2.例句2和例句4都是“主+谓”结构;其中的谓语动词都是不及物动词;后者有副词作状语。
3.例句5是“主+谓+宾+状”结构。
4.例句6是“主+系+表”结构。embarrassed是形容词作表语。
5.例句7是“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。
[思维导图]
英语句子众多,但有其本身的内在联系和其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
一、基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)
该句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:run,study,arrive,come,happen等。后面不可以接宾语,可以接状语;主语也可以接定语。如:
Time flies.时光飞逝。
Students study hard.学生们学习努力。
He went on holiday.他在度假。
We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息。
[即时演练1] 把下列句子翻译成英语
1.冬天快要来了。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:The winter is coming.
2.他高兴地离开了。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:He left happily.
3.他们会在三点钟到。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:They will arrive at 3 o'clock.
4.昨天他们一起去逛街。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:Yesterday they shopped together.
二、基本句型二:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
该句型的特点是:谓语动词都具有实际意义,都是主语发出的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使句子意思完整。这类动词叫作及物动词。同时,句子中有时含有状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:
I like music./I like her.我喜欢音乐/我喜欢她。
1 want to help him.我想帮助他。
I don't know what to do.我不知道干点啥。
He practices speaking English every day.他每天练习说英语。
[即时演练2] 把下列句子翻译成英语
1.我们已收到了他们的来信。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:We have received their letters.
2.他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:His father expects to own a factory.
三、基本句型三:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
该句型有一个特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词(to或者for)来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。这种句型中作间接宾语常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:
I sent him a book./I bought him a coat.
我送给他一本书。/我给他买了一件外套。
I sent a book to him./He bought a coat for me.
我送给他一本书。/他给我买了一件外套。
间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:allow,bring,deny,give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write等。
Can you spare/save some minutes/time for the children?
你能为孩子们腾出几分钟的时间吗?
间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:buy,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,spare等。
四、基本句型四:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
该句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。这种句型中的“宾语+补语”又称为“复合宾语”,作宾补的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
He painted the wall white.
他把墙刷成了白色。
We named our baby Tom.
我们给宝宝取名汤姆。
She always keeps everything in good order.
她总是把一切整理的井井有条。
The teacher asked him to leave.
老师要他离开。
I feel something moving.
我感觉到有东西在动。
[名师点津]
动词have,make,let后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to;
动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch等后可以加不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾补。
[即时演练3] 把下列句子翻译成英语
1.我们选他做班长。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:We elected him monitor.
2.我们认为这项工作很容易。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:We consider the task very easy.
3.请不要客气(就像在家一样)。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:Please make yourself at home.
4.老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:The teacher encourages us to to exercise every day.
5.刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:Just now I saw the children playing by the river.
五、基本句型五:S+V+P(主+系+表)
该句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。除了be动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词:
表感官的动词:feel,smell,taste,sound,look等
表变化的动词:become,get,grow,turn,go,fall,run,come等
表延续的动词:remain,keep,stay,stand,continue,lie等
表表象的动词:seem,appear,look等
表终止的动词:prove,turn out等
He is a good boy.他是个好男孩。
She is beautiful.她很漂亮。
Class is over.下课了。
The film is interesting.电影很有趣。
The food tastes nice.饭很好吃。
[即时演练4] 把下列句子翻译成英语
1.桌子上的那本书是我的。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:The book on the table is mine.
2.阅读很有用。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:Reading is useful.
3.那个女孩还在办公室。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:That girl is still in the office.
4.那场篮球赛令人兴奋。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:That basketball match is exciting.
5.昨晚你在家吗?
________________________________________________________________________
答案:Were you at home last night?
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