Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language [对应学生用书P10] 一、句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。 1．主语(subject): 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。一般位于句首，且不能省略(特殊句式除外)。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 The students are listening to me carefully.They want to learn English well.Learning English well isn't as hard as you think. 学生们在认真听我讲课。他们想学好英语，学好英语不像你想的那么难。 2．谓语(predicate): 谓语通常用来说明主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词构成，分简单谓语和复合谓语。 (1)简单谓语：由动词或动词短语构成。 He runs every morning. 他每天早晨跑步。 (2)复合谓语 ①由“系动词＋表语”构成 She looks very smart. 她看起来很聪明。 ②由“情态动词/助动词＋动词”构成 You may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借两周。 3．表语(predicative): 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。一般位于连系动词之后， 由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。 I am not feeling well. 我感觉不舒服。 They seem to know the truth. 他们似乎知道真相。 My father is a professor. 我父亲是一名教授。 4．宾语(object): 宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者， 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾语(indirect object)，把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)。 He is going to buy a dictionary tomorrow. 他打算明天去买一本词典。 Jack decided to look for a job in Paris. 杰克决定在巴黎找份工作。 Lend me your dictionary, please. 请把你的词典借给我。 5．定语(attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。 Is there any difference between spoken English and written English? 英语口语和书面语之间有不同之处吗？ 6．状语(adverbial): 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、让步、程度等。 I'll be back in a while. 我一会儿就回来。 Please call me up if you need help. 如果你需要帮助，请给我打电话。 7．补语(complement)：补语分为主语补足语(subject complement)和宾语补足语(object complement)，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。一般由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)或过去分词(短语)等充当。 He is made chairman of the club. 他被任命为俱乐部的主席。 He has proved himself an experienced teacher. 他证明了自己是一名经验丰富的教师。 My mother always keeps everything in good order. 我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。 He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage. 他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。 [即时演练1]——判断下列句中黑体部分在句中作什么成分 (1)The manager made them work day and night.宾语补足语 (2)The students are playing basketball on the playground.谓语 (3)The best method of keeping slim is to do exercise regularly.表语 (4)The man who is talking with a foreigner is my English teacher.定语 (5)When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Beijing.状语 二、基本句子结构 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，英语中最基本的句型只有八种，其他各种句型都是由这八种基本句型演变而来。八种基本句型如下： 句子结构 例句 主语＋谓语 (S＋V) 主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O) 主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C) 主语＋谓语＋状语(S＋V＋A) 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 (S＋V＋O＋A) there be句型 There are many customers in the shop. 商店里有很多顾客。 [即时演练2]——判断下列句子分别属于哪种基本句子结构 (1)The bread tastes delicious.主语＋连系动词＋表语 (2)I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语 (3)He bought me a birthday present.主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 (4)I could not make him change his mind.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 (5)The temperature has changed.主语＋谓语 (6)They talked for half an hour.主语＋谓语＋状语 (7)He has accepted our invitation.主语＋谓语＋宾语 [对应学生用书P13] debate n.讨论，辩论vt.& vi.讨论，辩论 (1)debate (with sb) about/over/on sth (与某人)辩论/讨论某事 debate讨论…… (2)under debate正在讨论中 a heated debate on/over/about... 关于……的一场激烈争论 beyond debate 无可争辩 [教材原句] Join the Debate Club！加入辩论俱乐部吧！ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The two sides debated with each other about/on/over the question of the origin (起源) of the universe. (2)The question of building a new library in this city is still under debate. (3)中国一直在国际事务中扮演着重要角色， 这是毋庸置疑的。 It is beyond debate that China has been playing an important role in the international affairs.(应用文写作之演讲稿) argue vi.& vt.争论，争辩；辩论；讨论；说服(→argument n.争吵；争论，辩论；论据，论点) (1)argue with sb about/over sth　与某人争论某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth　说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 　主张；认为…… (2)beyond argument　无可争辩 have an argument with sb about/on/over sth　与某人就某事争论 [教材原句]Argue about the week's hottest topics with the school's sharpest minds! 和学校里头脑最敏锐的人辩论本周最热门的话题！ [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)It was funny that the kids spent more time arguing over/about the rules than playing the game. (2)It's an argument(argue)that every modern parent has had with their child: the battle to break them away from mobile phones. (3)We tried many ways to argue Tom into accepting our advice, but in vain. (4)尽管Anne认为我们的尝试是浪费时间，但我坚信我们所做的每一份努力都是值得的，无论结果如何。 Anne argued that our attempt would be a waste of time, but I firmly believed that every effort we made was worth it, regardless of the outcome.(续写佳句之心理描写) apply v.申请；应用(→application n.请求；申请；申请表；应用→applicant n.申请人) apply (to sb) for sth 　(向某人) 申请某物 apply...to... 　把……应用于…… apply to... 　适用于/运用于…… apply oneself to (doing) sth 集中精力于(做)某事，专注于(做)某事 (教材原句)After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college.学生申请大学时，课外活动也起到一定的作用。 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.(2023·全国乙卷) (2)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application(apply).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) (3)Since last year，he has been applying himself to studying(study) traditional Chinese medical science. (4)得知画廊下个月将举办一场中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者 Knowing a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month，I am writing to apply to become a volunteer．(应用文写作之申请信) take up 拿起；开始从事；占用；继续；从事于；接受 take in　欺骗；理解 take on　呈现；雇用；承担；从事 take over　掌管；控制 take off　脱下；(飞机)起飞；事业腾飞 (教材原句)However，they can take up a lot of time，so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules. 然而，它们占用了大量的时间，因此学生们不得不学会统筹自己繁忙的日程表。 [练通]——写出下列句中take up的含义/完成句子 (1)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始从事 (2)Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing? 接受 (3)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用 (4)Let's take up the text where we stopped yesterday.继续 (5)杰克决定接受挑战，参加马拉松比赛，尽管他以前从未跑过这么长的距离。 Jack decided to take up the challenge and run the marathon despite having never run such a long distance before.(续写佳句之细节描写) [对应学生用书P14] Ⅰ.分析下列句子成分 1． . 答案　①状语　②主语　③谓语　④宾语　⑤状语 2． . 答案　①状语　②主语　③谓语　④宾语 3． . 答案　①主语　②谓语　③宾语　④宾语补足语　⑤状语 4． . 答案　①主语　②定语　③谓语(系动词＋表语) 5． . 答案　①状语　②主语　③谓语　④主语补足语 6． . 答案　①主语　②谓语　③宾语　④同位语 Ⅱ.翻译句子 1．你的建议听起来很棒。(主语＋系动词＋表语) Your suggestion sounds excellent. 2．吉姆每天早晨在公园里跑步。(主语＋谓语＋状语) Jim runs in the park every morning. 3．我喜欢听流行音乐和集邮。(主语＋谓语＋宾语) I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. 4．去年我在学校运动会比赛中获得了第一名。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语) I won the first prize in the school sports meeting last year. 5．在我14岁生日时，爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语) On my 14th birthday, my father bought me a new bike. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$