Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar（课件PPT）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册高中同步学案（北师大版）

Unit 1 返回导航 * Unit 4　Information Technology Section Ⅱ 　Grammar——过去将来时和复合词 Unit 1 返回导航 * 语法精讲 技能培养 返回导航 Unit 1 返回导航 * 项目一　过去将来时 一、基本概念 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“should/would＋动词原形”或“was/were going to＋动词原形”来表达。 过去将来时的基本特征，即“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”，而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。 Unit 1 返回导航 * would come and fix should leave would finish would go was going to return would wait [即学活用1] 画出下列句子中的过去将来时 示例：I asked if he my TV set. ①He asked me yesterday when I for Paris. ②They wanted to know how they the homework earlier. ③I wish I with him to the cinema tonight. ④I was told that he home. ⑤He said that he for me at the school gate. Unit 1 返回导航 * 二、语法规则 1．过去将来时可以表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。 He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop. 他说他要在车站等我们的。 Whenever we had trouble，he would come to help us. 每当我们遇到困难时，他总会给予帮助。 I didn't know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 2．条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn't work hard. 老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。 3．was/were going to do表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。 We were going to go to the cinema when the phone rang. 我们正准备去电影院，这时电话响了。 [名师点津] 表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。 Unit 1 返回导航 * would be came would be would meet where she would go [即学活用2] 单句语法填空 ①Li Ming said he (be) happy if Brian (come) to China next month. ②He was fiftysix.In two years he (be) fiftyeight. 完成句子 ③She hoped that they again someday. 她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。 ④She didn't tell me ． 她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。 Unit 1 返回导航 * were going to visit the Great Wall ⑤Last Sunday we ，but it rained. 上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 三、其他结构 1．was/were about to do这种结构表示“正要、即将做某事”；was/were on the point of doing这种结构表示“正要……时”。 I couldn't go to Tom's birthday party as I was about to go to hospital. 我不能参加汤姆的生日晚会，因为我要去医院。 He was on the point of leaving when we came in. 我们进来时，他正要动身。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 2．go，come，leave，take off等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况；was/were to do表示曾计划做某事。 A lot of people were coming to watch the fireworks. 有许多人要来观看焰火。 She told her mother that she was going to a dance with Tom. 她告诉母亲，她要和汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。 She said she was to take up the position. 她说她要承担这个职务。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 3．was/were supposed to do和was/were meant to do可以表示过去计划做，但没有做的事。 The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago. 火车本应在半小时之前到达。 What was meant to be a funny story fell completely flat. 原欲使之成为有趣的故事，结果完全变得索然寡味。 Unit 1 返回导航 * was leaving at six would help was about to begin was meant to arrive at my home [即学活用3] 完成句子 ①He said the train the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。 ②Whenever he had time，he his mother with some housework.无论他什么时间有空，他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。 ③She said that the meeting ． 她说会议就要开始了。 ④I before 5：00. 我本来应该在5点前到家。 Unit 1 返回导航 * was on the point of going out ⑤I when you came in.我正要出去你来了。 Unit 1 返回导航 * would visit would not stay would slow was leaving would lend Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Miss Zhang said she (visit) the Great Wall the next summer. 2．She told him that she (not stay) here for long. 3．The scientists said the world's population (slow) down in future. 4．She said the bus (leave) at five the next morning. 5．I wasn't sure whether he (lend) me his book the next morning. Unit 1 返回导航 * to be to go were flying was going to be was coming 6．It was supposed (be) a valuable chance to get promoted，but he missed it. 7．This morning Alice was about (go) out when the door opened and in came some strangers. 8．We decided that we (fly) to Canada next month. 9．Our teacher said that there (be) an English exam the next week. 10．My aunt (come) to see us and she would be here soon. Unit 1 返回导航 * would go out for dinner was going to tell him would be here wouldn't finish the work Ⅱ.完成句子 1．I told Mark that when he arrived，we ． 我告诉马克当他来了我们就去吃晚餐。 2．I ，but he didn't give me a chance. 我正要告诉他，但他不给我机会。 3．He said he at eight o'clock. 他说他将在八点钟到达这里。 4．I knew John by 5：00 p．m. 我知道约翰在5点前结束不了工作。 Unit 1 返回导航 * was going to take care of 5．He said that he the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 项目二　复合词 一、语法概念 复合词是由一些词汇复合形成的；复合词的词性多由该词的后半部分决定，复合词包括复合名词、复合动词、复合形容词、复合介词及复合副词。 二、复合词的书写形式 1．一般情况下在词与词之间要加连字符号，如：goodlooking好看的，seasick晕船的，worldfamous闻名世界的，sevenyearold七岁的， threehour三小时的，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 2．有些复合词已经完全融为一体，不用加连字符号，如：textbook教科书，schoolmate校友，spokesman发言人，salesgirl女售货员，notebook笔记本，greenhouse温室，breakthrough突破，download下载，policewoman女警察，等等。 3．还有一些情况直接用词组的形式，如：air conditioner空调机，clothes shop服装店，alarm clock闹钟，girl student女学生，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 三、复合形容词的构成方法 1．名词＋形容词，如：oilrich含油量多的，dutyfree免税的，carefree无忧无虑的，homesick想家的，等等。 2．形容词＋形容词，如：bittersweet又苦又甜的，lightgreen浅绿色的，darkbrown深棕色的，freezingcold寒冷的，burninghot炎热的，等等。 3．名词＋现在分词，如：troublemaking制造麻烦的，lawbreaking犯法的，painstaking费力的，timeconsuming耗时的，peaceloving热爱和平的， laborsaving省力的，recordbreaking破纪录的，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 4．名词＋过去分词，如：manmade人造的，povertystricken贫困的， heartbroken伤心的，snowcovered被雪覆盖的，taskbased任务型的， 等等。 5．形容词＋现在分词，如：goodlooking好看的，easygoing随和的，nicesounding好听的，等等。 6．形容词＋过去分词，这里的过去分词大多是名词加ed构成的假分词，如：newborn刚出生的，simpleminded头脑简单的，kindhearted心地善良的，blackeyed黑眼睛的，warmhearted热心肠的，等等。 7．数词＋名词(＋形容词)，如：fourhour四小时的，100metre一百米的，fourday为期四天的，fiveyearold五岁的，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 8．副词＋现在分词，如：everlasting持续的，farreaching深远的，oncoming迎面而来的，outgoing外向的，等等。 9．副词＋过去分词，如：wellknown著名的，newlybuilt新建的，overloaded超载的，outspoken直言不讳的，等等。 10．由其他词类或结构转化而来， 如：onceaweek每周一次的，allround全方位的，roundtheclock二十四小时的，fulltime全职的，secondhand二手的，followup后继的，underpaid报酬过低的，underweight重量过轻的，hearttoheart交心的，outofwork失业的，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 四、复合名词的构成方法 1．加连字符，如：babysitter看孩子的人，letterbox信箱，firstaid急救，Xray X射线，fatherinlaw岳父，crosstalk相声，等等。 2．不加连字符，如：haircut理发，repairman修理工，outbreak爆发，outcome结果，outlook前景，rainbow彩虹，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 3．以词组形式出现，如：bank account银行账户，birth control节制生育，blood pressure血压，book case书柜，bus stop公共汽车站，credit card信用卡，generation gap代沟，greenhouse effect温室效应，heart attack心脏病发作，pen friend笔友，pocket money零用钱，post office邮局，sign language手语，natural resources自然资源，mother tongue母语，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 五、复合动词 1．副词＋动词，如：offload卸车，outgrow长得太大不适宜，overhear无意中听到，oversleep睡过头，overlook忽略，update更新，download下载，等等。 2．其他形式：broadcast广播，withdraw撤退，skateboard用滑板滑行，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 六、复合副词和介词 1．复合副词：afterwards后来，alongside与……并肩，outside外面，indoors室内，nowadays如今，meanwhile同时，maybe可能，nevertheless仍然(还)，sideways向一侧地，等等。 2．复合介词：within在……之内，without没有，onto到……上，into进入，upon在……之上，behind在……之后，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 七、构成复合词时要注意以下几点 1．由数词＋名词(＋形容词)构成形容词时，名词不用复数，如：a nineyearold boy 一个九岁的男孩，a fourday trip 一次四天的旅行，the 100metre dash 百米赛跑， an 800metrelong bridge一座八百米长的桥， 等等。 2．由形容词＋名词ed构成的形容词，该名词必须是中心词的一部分，否则不加ed，如： a whitehaired woman 一个白头发的妇女，a warmhearted girl一个热心肠的女孩，a nearsighted boy 一个眼睛近视的男孩，two middleaged men 两个中年男人，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 3．由形容词＋分词构成的合成形容词，要注意中心词与分词的主动或被动关系，例如：an ordinarylooking man 一个相貌平常的男人，an easygoing man 一个随和的人，freshbaked bread 刚烤的面包，readymade goods 现成的货物，等等。 4．由副词＋分词构成的合成形容词，副词是修饰分词的状语，用现在分词还是过去分词是由它与中心词的主动或被动关系而定，如：hardworking people 勤劳的人们，bravelyfighting soldiers 勇敢战斗的战士，a wellknown singer 一个有名的歌唱家，the newlymarried couple那对新婚夫妇，等等。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 在英语中把两个(或更多)独立的单词合在一起构成一个新词，其意义为原来单词意义的叠加，如blackboard“黑板” 就是由black“黑色的”和board“板子”合在一起构成的新词。用这种方式构成的单词叫作复合词(compound words)。 [名师点津]　 现在分词与所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，例如：an ordinarylooking man＝a man who looks ordinary。 而过去分词和所修饰的名词是被动关系，形容词相当于补语，例如：cleanwashed clothes＝clothes which are washed clean。 Unit 1 返回导航 * 请比较： these hardworking people＝these people who are working hard the justwasheddown house＝the house which has just been washed down 请比较：peaceloving people ＝people who love peace a manmade satellite＝a satellite which is made by man Unit 1 返回导航 * Her easy going nature the heartbreaking news empty handed hard won freedom [即学活用] 用复合词完成句子 ① made her popular. 她个性随和，大家都很喜欢她。 ②She burst into tears at ． 听到这令人心碎的消息，她嚎啕大哭起来。 ③He returned home ． 他两手空空回了家。 ④She was not going to give up her so easily. 她不会这么轻易地放弃来之不易的自由。 Unit 1 返回导航 * part time at the moment worldwide attention overcome all the difficulties 一个讲英语的国家 一个家庭聚会 刻苦读书的学生 ⑤I'm only ． 现在我只是兼职。 ⑥This matter has attracted ． 这件事已经引起了全世界的关注。 ⑦We managed to ． 我们设法克服了所有的困难。 翻译下列短语 ⑧an Englishspeaking country ⑨a family gettogether ⑩hardworking students Unit 1 返回导航 * 手工制品 一所著名的大学 一个二手相机 郊区商店 课外活动 ⑪handmade goods ⑫a wellknown university ⑬a secondhand camera ⑭outoftown stores ⑮afterclass activities Unit 1 返回导航 * newly designed never ending snow covered round the world 课外活动 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出合成词 1．These (新设计的) devices will appear on the exhibition next month. 2．The (无休止的) quarrel among the visitors certainly spoiled their appetite for the banquet. 3．Do you like the (白雪覆盖的) mountains in their majesty? 4．I've been making enquiries about the cost of a (环球旅行的) ticket. Unit 1 返回导航 * long distance mountain climbing home made stress related long term 5．Although (长途的) phone calls are going up，the charge for local calls will not alter. 6．Before we start，can I make sure that you are fully aware of the dangers of (登山)? 7．New government's study into Hong Kong's (长远的) needs shows population will exceed nine million. 8．Many (国产的) machines are becoming more and more popular. 9．He is suffering from fatigue and (与压力有关的) illness. 10．I think it appropriate that he have a heart to heart (交心的) talk with his boss before he gave up the job. Unit 1 返回导航 * heart to heart 10．I think it appropriate that he have a (交心的) talk with his boss before he gave up the job. Unit 1 返回导航 * 新建汽船 两页的报告 五天工作制 一无是处的 高成本的 Ⅱ.写出下列加黑词的含义 1．The maiden voyage of the newly built steamship was a success. 2．Abstract the main ideas of the two page report into one page. 3．A five day week benefits more than individually and economically. 4．All the major theatres now have sponsors，especially for particular high cost productions. 5．He's a stupid，idle，good for nothing boy. Unit 1 返回导航 * 免税 本土出生的公民 单亲家庭 劣质产品 全国范围内的 6．He invested in tax free municipals. 7．In the U．S.only native born citizens are eligible to the office of president. 8．New legislation is to be introduced to help single parent families. 9．Our paper is embarking on nation wide campaign for increased circulation. 10．There is a linear (直线的) relationship between the company's losses and its poor quality products. Unit 1 返回导航 * 谢谢观看 $$