非谓语专项 导学案 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高考语法复习—非谓语专项 目录 一、概念引入与形式梳理 2 1. 非谓语动词的定义与核心特点 2 2. 非谓语动词的三种基本形式及构成 2 二、 功能与用法详解 3 1. 不定式（to do）的功能 3 2. 动名词（doing）的功能 3 3. 分词的功能（现在分词doing/过去分词done） 3 三、易混点辨析与专项突破 4 1. 不定式 vs 动名词（作主语/宾语） 4 2. 不定式 vs 动名词vs 过去分词（作宾补） 5 3. 现在分词 vs 过去分词（核心：主动/被动；进行/完成） 6 4. 现在分词 vs 过去分词(作表语/定语） 6 5. 非谓语中关于 it 的常见固定结构 7 6.用于with复合结构 9 四、 应用与提升 9 （一）基础巩固 9 （二）模考再现 11 （三） 链接高考 13 一、概念引入与形式梳理 1. 非谓语动词的定义与核心特点 定义：通过对比“谓语动词”（能作谓语，有时态、语态变化，受主语人称/数限制），明确非谓语动词的本质——不能独立作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制，但保留动词的部分特征（如能带宾语、状语）。 核心特点： 特征 谓语动词 非谓语动词 作句子成分 能作谓语 不能作谓语，可作主语、宾语等 时态/语态 有明确时态和语态变化 时态/语态通过自身形式体现 人称/数限制 受主语人称和数的影响 不受主语人称和数的影响 2. 非谓语动词的三种基本形式及构成 2、 功能与用法详解 1. 不定式（to do）的功能 作主语：常用it作形式主语，如 It is important to learn English. 作宾语：接在hope, want, decide等动词后，如 She hopes to visit Beijing. 作表语：说明主语的内容或性质，如 My goal is to become a teacher. 作定语：修饰名词，表“未发生的动作”，如 I have a lot of homework to do. 作状语：表目的、结果、原因等，如 He got up early to catch the bus（目的）. 作补足语：接在ask, tell, allow等动词后，如 Mom asks me to clean the room. 2. 动名词（doing）的功能 作主语：如 Reading aloud is helpful.（可与不定式作主语对比：To read aloud is helpful.） 作宾语：接在enjoy, finish, avoid等动词后，或介词后，如 She enjoys singing. 作表语：说明主语的性质，如 Her hobby is painting. 作定语：表“用途”，如 a swimming pool（= a pool for swimming）. 3. 分词的功能（现在分词doing/过去分词done） 作定语： 现在分词：表主动、进行，如 a barking dog（正在叫的狗）； 过去分词：表被动、完成，如 a broken cup（被打碎的杯子）。 作状语： 现在分词：与逻辑主语是主动关系，如 Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 过去分词：与逻辑主语是被动关系，如 Seen from the top, the city looks beautiful. 作表语： 现在分词：表主语的特征（“令人……的”），如 The movie is exciting. 过去分词：表主语的状态（“感到……的”），如 We are excited about the movie. 作补足语： 现在分词：表主动、进行，如 I heard her singing in the room. 过去分词：表被动、完成，如 I found the door locked. 小试牛刀 1. To improve (improve) academic performance, many students have developed a daily study schedule. 2. Seen (see) from the mountain top, the village looks like a beautiful painting. 3. She hurried to the station, only to discover (discover) that the train had already left. 4. The children were excited to be (be) visiting the science museum. 5. Written (write) in simple English, the story is easy for beginners to understand. 6. The factory has introduced new equipment, reducing (reduce) the production cost significantly. 三、易混点辨析与专项突破 1. 不定式 vs 动名词（作主语/宾语） 作主语：不定式表“具体动作”，动名词表“抽象习惯” 如：To learn English well this term is my goal.（具体） Learning English is useful.（抽象） 作宾语：区分接不定式和动名词的动词（如 forget to do“忘记去做” vs forget doing“忘记做过”） 高频动词用法一览表 接不定式 hope, wish, expect, agree, promise, demand, ask, refuse, manage, learn, decide, determine, pretend, choose, select, intend, offer, plan, mean, apply, fail, afford, prepare, desire, happen, threaten, can't wait 注意：allow，permit，advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即allow/permit/advise doing/sb to do sth 接动名词 enjoy, consider, escape, avoid, cannot help, give up, risk, appreciate, admit, deny, mind, imagine, delay, put off, allow, permit, finish, look forward to, suggest, go on, practise, be devoted to, excuse, insist on, keep on, succeed in, miss 注意： 动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得) 接两者 但含义不同 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, like, love, hate, prefer 注意：to do 表示动作未发生，doing表示动作已经发生 小试牛刀 1. The committee suggests that more efforts be put into protecting (protect)endangered species. 2. Though she practiced day and night for the competition, she might still manage to lose (lose). 3. The wind began blowing harder, shaking (shake) the windows and making the trees bend wildly, but we kept moving forward. 4. When I was lost in the forest, a kind villager offered to guide (guide) me back to the main road. 5. The teacher insists that extra time be spent on improving (improve)students' writing skills. 2. 不定式 vs 动名词vs 过去分词（作宾补） 高频动词用法一览表 不定式作宾语补足语 带to的不定式作宾语补足语 ask，invite，want，encourage，wish，expect，beg，request，require，advise，order，force，cause，allow，permit，forbid，warn，remind，teach，send，call on，wait for，would like/love/prefer等表示劝告、建议、要求类动词 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 常用动词(主动语态中)有：使役动词(make，let，have)；感官动词(see，watch，observe，hear，notice)。 现在分词作宾语补足语 表示主动、进行 feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，get，have，keep，leave，send，set，listen to，look at等 过去分词作宾语补足语 表示被动、完成 have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等 小试牛刀 1. If we want students to develop (develop) good reading habits, we must provide them with books they are interested in. 2. She needs her hair trimmed (trim), so she will have to go to the barber's this afternoon. 3. The little girl always runs across the yard in the morning with her cat chasing (chase) her happily. 4. With so many tasks remaining (remain) before the meeting, it's obvious that the team will have to work overtime. 5. If we hope children to learn (learn)to be independent, we must let them face challenges on their own. 3. 现在分词 vs 过去分词（核心：主动/被动；进行/完成） 对比强化： The girl smiling at me is my sister.（主动：女孩笑） The girl smiled at by everyone is my sister.（被动：女孩被笑） Boiling water is hot.（进行：水正在沸腾） Boiled water is safe to drink.（完成：水已沸腾过） 小试牛刀 1. The actress walked onto the stage, with all the audience clapping (clap) warmly for her performance. 2. The old house abandoned (abandon) for years looks quite scary, especially on rainy nights. 3. Seen (see) from the top of the tower, the city’s skyline presents a wonderful view. 4. He stood by the window, watching (watch) the children playing happily in the park. 5. The problem discussed (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is now being solved step by step. 4. 现在分词 vs 过去分词(作表语/定语） 分词作表语或定语时，分词具有形容词的性质，现在分词意为“令人……的”。 过去分词意为“感到……的”。 His boring speech made half of the audience fall asleep during the meeting. She felt bored with the repetitive work and decided to learn a new skill. The moving story of the rescue team touched everyone present at the ceremony. Many viewers were moved to tears by the final scene of the film. 形容词化的过去分词与现在分词的比较 过去分词 现在分词 多修饰人，意为“感到……的” 多修饰物，意为“令人……的” interested感到有趣的 bored 感到无聊的 moved 被感动的 puzzled 感到困惑的 satisfied 感到满意的 interesting有趣的 boring 无聊的 moving 令人感动的 puzzling 令人迷惑的 satisfying 令人满意的 小试牛刀 1. The best way to deal with stress is to take_ (take) regular exercise and maintaining a balanced diet. 2. The children were excited (excite) when they heard the news of going to the amusement park this weekend. 3. Reading (read) widely can broaden our horizons and improve our language skills effectively. 4. It is no good arguing_ (argue) with him when he is in a bad mood; he won't listen to reason. 5. The main task for the team now is _to complete (complete) the project before the end of this month. 5. 非谓语中关于 it 的常见固定结构 (1) it 作形式主语的固定结构 1　 It + be + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do sth.: 表示 “（对某人来说）做某事是…… 的”，其中 it 代替不定式短语作形式主语。 例：It is necessary (for us) to learn basic skills. 2　 It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth.: 强调人的品质特征，形容词多为描述人的性格、品行的词（如 kind, clever, foolish 等）。 例：It is kind of you to help me. 3　 It + be + 名词/名词短语 + to do sth.: 表示 “做某事是……”，常见名词或名词短语有good, use, a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a waste of time 等。 例：It is a pleasure to work with you. 4　 It + 不及物动词 + to do sth.: 常见动词有 seem, appear, happen 等，意为 “做某事似乎 / 碰巧……”。 例：It happened to rain that day. (2) it 作形式宾语的固定结构 1　 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 形容词 + to do sth.: 谓语动词多为 find, think, feel, consider 等，it 代替不定式短语作形式宾语。 例：I find it easy to solve this problem. 2　 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 名词 + to do sth.: 用名词说明宾语的性质。 例：We think it a duty to help others. 3　 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 形容词 + doing sth.: 少数动词（如 think, consider）后可接动名词作真正宾语。 例：He considers it useless arguing with her. 4　 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + that 从句 + 不定式 / 动名词: 有时会带有从句，it 仍为形式宾语。 例：She made it clear that she refused to cooperate. 小试牛刀 1. Many students find it difficult to memorize (memorize) all the English words in a short time. 2. It is important for us to develop (develop) a good habit of saving water in daily life. 3. The teacher made it clear that we should finish handing in our homework on time. 4. It is no use crying (cry) over spilt milk; we should find a way to solve the problem. 5. She feels it necessary to learn (learn) a second foreign language to improve her competitiveness. 6.用于with复合结构 with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动且进行)/done(表示被动且完成)/to do(表示将来)。 He sat there，with his eyes looking at the sky. 他坐在那里，眼睛看着天空。 With his mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance. 他专心于工作，没有注意到我的出现。 With much work to do this afternoon，Jack left hurriedly. 由于今天下午还有很多工作要做，杰克匆匆忙忙地离开了。 小试牛刀 1. With the problem solved (solve), the manager felt a great sense of relief. 2. She sat there quietly, with her eyes fixed (fix) on the beautiful sunset. 3. The teacher entered the classroom, with a pile of books carried (carry) in his hand. 4. With the wind blowing (blow) strongly, they decided to postpone the outdoor activity. 5. He left the office in a hurry, with the lights left (leave) on all night. 4、 应用与提升 （一）基础巩固 一、识别划线部分非谓语动词形式及功能 1. The broken glass on the floor needs to be cleaned up immediately. 2. She stood at the door, waiting for her parents to come back. 3. It is important to finish the task before the deadline. 4. The book written by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. 5. His hobby is collecting stamps from all over the world. 6. We plan to visit the museum during the summer vacation. 7. Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball. 8. The teacher asked us to hand in our compositions tomorrow. 9. The exciting news made everyone jump with joy. 10. They saw a girl running towards the bus stop in a hurry. 二、单句填空（10 题） 1. I suggest ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem. 2. She seems ______ (know) the truth about the accident. 3. ______ (walk) in the rain for a long time, he caught a bad cold. 4. The little boy is afraid of ______ (be) alone in the dark. 5. My parents expect me ______ (get) good grades in the final exam. 6. The film is so moving that it made me ______ (cry). 7. ______ (not receive) his reply, she decided to call him again. 8. It is no good ______ (complain) about the bad weather. 9. The machine ______ (produce) last year works very well. 10. He tried ______ (persuade) his father to give up smoking, but failed. 三、句子改写（10 题） 1. The girl is wearing a red dress. She is my classmate. → The girl ______ a red dress is my classmate. 2. We watched the sunset. We felt very relaxed. → ______ the sunset, we felt very relaxed. 3. The building was built in 1950. It is now a museum. → The building ______ in 1950 is now a museum. 4. He has lived in this city for 10 years. He knows every corner of it. → ______ in this city for 10 years, he knows every corner of it. 5. She bought a new bike. The bike cost her 2000 yuan. → The new bike ______ by her cost 2000 yuan. 6. The students are from Class 3. They are planting trees in the park. → The students ______ from Class 3 are planting trees in the park. 7. I heard the news. I was very surprised. → I was very surprised ______ the news. 8. The dog barked loudly. It woke me up. → The dog ______ loudly woke me up. 9. He finished his work. He went home. → ______ his work, he went home. 10. The book is very popular. It was written by a young writer. → The book ______ by a young writer is very popular. 参考答案 一、1. 过去分词，作定语 2. 现在分词，作伴随状语 3. 不定式，作主语 4. 过去分词，作定语 5. 动名词，作表语 6. 不定式，作宾语 7. 现在分词完成式，作时间状语 8. 不定式，作宾补 9. 现在分词，作定语 10. 现在分词，作宾补 二、1. holding 2. to know 3. Having walked 4. being 5. to get 6. cry 7. Not having received 8. complaining 9. produced 10. to persuade 三、1. wearing 2. Watching 3. built 4. Having lived 5. bought 6. being 7. to hear 8. barking 9. Having finished 10. written （二）模考再现 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2024·山东烟台二模)I feel I have a new mission__________(shoulder)，even after China wins its battle to reduce poverty. 2.(2024·山西阳泉二模)Before painting，the painter must have a__________ (detail) draft in his mind. 3.(2024·湖北5月省考)Today in Weifang，there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites，which can be made __________ (represent) people's ideals and desires. 4.(2024·山西大同二模)__________ (wear)ropes and straps like mountaineers，Zheng and his team took steps down the cliff to loosen the compacted(压实的)soil and plant trees or grass seeds every day. 5.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)Bamboo tolerates the heat of summer and the cold of winter，and it regenerates after__________(cut). 6.(2024·山东淄博二模)Chopsticks，a food picking utensil __________(make) of bamboo or wood，is widely used by the Hans and some minority ethnic groups. 7.(2024·湖南衡阳质量检测)The young people are carrying the responsibility of __________ (spread) Chinese culture. 8.(2024·山东潍坊二模)The festival，__________(feature) a series of kites in various shapes and sizes has become one of the most impressive international events held in China. 9.(2024湖南邵阳二模)The ground floor tends __________ (use) as storage space for firewood and farming equipment. 10.(2024山东烟台一模)He asked each villager that received the machine __________ (use)it and train an inheritor (继承者) of the local weaving technique. 答案： 1. to shoulder 2. detailed 3. to represent 4. Wearing 5. being cut 6. made 7. spreading 8. featuring 9. to be used 10. to use Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.（2025河北5月考）__________________ on the wall, Lily packed her schoolbag in a hurry, fearing she would be late for the exam. 瞥了一眼墙上的钟，莉莉匆忙收拾书包，担心考试迟到。 2.（2024江西二模）_________________________, Tom held the champion trophy tightly, unable to hide his excitement. 被欢呼的同学包围着，汤姆紧紧握着冠军奖杯，难掩兴奋之情。 3. （2025内蒙古一模）With tears rolling down her cheeks, Mary nodded slowly, ________________________________________reluctantly. 泪水顺着脸颊滑落，玛丽缓缓点头，不情愿地同意了父亲的决定。 4. （2024吉林5月省考）___________________________________, Jack saw his old friend waving from a distance, jumping up with joy immediately. 在车站等了一个小时，杰克看到老朋友从远处挥手，立刻高兴得跳了起来。 5. (2024・浙江杭州二模)_______________________________________in the park, Anna suddenly heard a faint cry, stopping to look around carefully. 沿着公园幽静的小路走着，安娜突然听到一声微弱的哭喊，停下来仔细环顾四周。 答案：1. Glancing at the clock 2.Surrounded by cheering classmates 3.agreeing to her father's decision 4.Having waited for an hour at the station 5. Walking along the quiet path （3） 链接高考 (2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of ____57____ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____59____ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent ____62____ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____ (strategy) placement of the pieces, ____64____ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65____ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】56 which 57. the 58. to present 59. guidance 60. are revealed 61. tries 62. by 63. strategic/strategical 64. and 65. digitally （2025浙江卷）The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ____56____ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ____57____ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ____58____ the fact that they have something unique to wear ____59____ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive ____61____ (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____63____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】56. a 57. times 58. on 59. and 60. to rent 61. solution 62. is 63. which 64. people’s 65. returning ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高考语法复习—非谓语专项 目录 一、概念引入与形式梳理 2 1. 非谓语动词的定义与核心特点 2 2. 非谓语动词的三种基本形式及构成 2 二、 功能与用法详解 3 1. 不定式（to do）的功能 3 2. 动名词（doing）的功能 3 3. 分词的功能（现在分词doing/过去分词done） 3 三、易混点辨析与专项突破 4 1. 不定式 vs 动名词（作主语/宾语） 4 2. 不定式 vs 动名词vs 过去分词（作宾补） 5 3. 现在分词 vs 过去分词（核心：主动/被动；进行/完成） 6 4. 现在分词 vs 过去分词(作表语/定语） 7 5. 非谓语中关于 it 的常见固定结构 7 6.用于with复合结构 9 四、 应用与提升 9 （一）基础巩固 9 （二）模考再现 11 （三） 链接高考 12 一、概念引入与形式梳理 1. 非谓语动词的定义与核心特点 定义：通过对比“谓语动词”（能作谓语，有时态、语态变化，受主语人称/数限制），明确非谓语动词的本质——不能独立作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制，但保留动词的部分特征（如能带宾语、状语）。 核心特点： 特征 谓语动词 非谓语动词 作句子成分 能作谓语 不能作谓语，可作主语、宾语等 时态/语态 有明确时态和语态变化 时态/语态通过自身形式体现 人称/数限制 受主语人称和数的影响 不受主语人称和数的影响 2. 非谓语动词的三种基本形式及构成 2、 功能与用法详解 1. 不定式（to do）的功能 作主语：常用it作形式主语，如 It is important to learn English. 作宾语：接在hope, want, decide等动词后，如 She hopes to visit Beijing. 作表语：说明主语的内容或性质，如 My goal is to become a teacher. 作定语：修饰名词，表“未发生的动作”，如 I have a lot of homework to do. 作状语：表目的、结果、原因等，如 He got up early to catch the bus（目的）. 作补足语：接在ask, tell, allow等动词后，如 Mom asks me to clean the room. 2. 动名词（doing）的功能 作主语：如 Reading aloud is helpful.（可与不定式作主语对比：To read aloud is helpful.） 作宾语：接在enjoy, finish, avoid等动词后，或介词后，如 She enjoys singing. 作表语：说明主语的性质，如 Her hobby is painting. 作定语：表“用途”，如 a swimming pool（= a pool for swimming）. 3. 分词的功能（现在分词doing/过去分词done） 作定语： 现在分词：表主动、进行，如 a barking dog（正在叫的狗）； 过去分词：表被动、完成，如 a broken cup（被打碎的杯子）。 作状语： 现在分词：与逻辑主语是主动关系，如 Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 过去分词：与逻辑主语是被动关系，如 Seen from the top, the city looks beautiful. 作表语： 现在分词：表主语的特征（“令人……的”），如 The movie is exciting. 过去分词：表主语的状态（“感到……的”），如 We are excited about the movie. 作补足语： 现在分词：表主动、进行，如 I heard her singing in the room. 过去分词：表被动、完成，如 I found the door locked. 小试牛刀 1. __________(improve) academic performance, many students have developed a daily study schedule. 2. __________ (see) from the mountain top, the village looks like a beautiful painting. 3. She hurried to the station, only__________(discover) that the train had already left. 4. The children were excited __________ (be) visiting the science museum. 5. __________(write) in simple English, the story is easy for beginners to understand. 6. The factory has introduced new equipment, __________ (reduce) the production cost significantly. 三、易混点辨析与专项突破 1. 不定式 vs 动名词（作主语/宾语） 作主语：不定式表“具体动作”，动名词表“抽象习惯” 如：To learn English well this term is my goal.（具体） Learning English is useful.（抽象） 作宾语：区分接不定式和动名词的动词（如 forget to do“忘记去做” vs forget doing“忘记做过”） 高频动词用法一览表 接不定式 hope, wish, expect, agree, promise, demand, ask, refuse, manage, learn, decide, determine, pretend, choose, select, intend, offer, plan, mean, apply, fail, afford, prepare, desire, happen, threaten, can't wait 注意：allow，permit，advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即allow/permit/advise doing/sb to do sth 接动名词 enjoy, consider, escape, avoid, cannot help, give up, risk, appreciate, admit, deny, mind, imagine, delay, put off, allow, permit, finish, look forward to, suggest, go on, practise, be devoted to, excuse, insist on, keep on, succeed in, miss 注意： 动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得) 接两者 但含义不同 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, like, love, hate, prefer 注意：to do 表示动作未发生，doing表示动作已经发生 小试牛刀 1. The committee suggests that more efforts be put into __________ (protect)endangered species. 2. Though she practiced day and night for the competition, she might still manage __________ (lose). 3. The wind began blowing harder, __________ (shake) the windows and making the trees bend wildly, but we kept moving forward. 4. When I was lost in the forest, a kind villager offered __________(guide) me back to the main road. 5. The teacher insists that extra time be spent on __________ (improve)students' writing skills. 2. 不定式 vs 动名词vs 过去分词（作宾补） 高频动词用法一览表 不定式作宾语补足语 带to的不定式作宾语补足语 ask，invite，want，encourage，wish，expect，beg，request，require，advise，order，force，cause，allow，permit，forbid，warn，remind，teach，send，call on，wait for，would like/love/prefer等表示劝告、建议、要求类动词 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 常用动词(主动语态中)有：使役动词(make，let，have)；感官动词(see，watch，observe，hear，notice)。 现在分词作宾语补足语 表示主动、进行 feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，get，have，keep，leave，send，set，listen to，look at等 过去分词作宾语补足语 表示被动、完成 have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等 小试牛刀 1. If we want students__________(develop) good reading habits, we must provide them with books they are interested in. 2. She needs her hair__________(trim), so she will have to go to the barber's this afternoon. 3. The little girl always runs across the yard in the morning with her cat __________ (chase) her happily. 4. With so many tasks __________ (remain) before the meeting, it's obvious that the team will have to work overtime. 5. If we hope children__________ (learn)to be independent, we must let them face challenges on their own. 3. 现在分词 vs 过去分词（核心：主动/被动；进行/完成） 对比强化： The girl smiling at me is my sister.（主动：女孩笑） The girl smiled at by everyone is my sister.（被动：女孩被笑） Boiling water is hot.（进行：水正在沸腾） Boiled water is safe to drink.（完成：水已沸腾过） 小试牛刀 1. The actress walked onto the stage, with all the audience__________(clap) warmly for her performance. 2. The old house__________ (abandon) for years looks quite scary, especially on rainy nights. 3. __________ (see) from the top of the tower, the city’s skyline presents a wonderful view. 4. He stood by the window, __________(watch) the children playing happily in the park. 5. The problem __________(discuss) at the meeting yesterday is now being solved step by step. 4. 现在分词 vs 过去分词(作表语/定语） 分词作表语或定语时，分词具有形容词的性质，现在分词意为“令人……的”。 过去分词意为“感到……的”。 His boring speech made half of the audience fall asleep during the meeting. She felt bored with the repetitive work and decided to learn a new skill. The moving story of the rescue team touched everyone present at the ceremony. Many viewers were moved to tears by the final scene of the film. 形容词化的过去分词与现在分词的比较 过去分词 现在分词 多修饰人，意为“感到……的” 多修饰物，意为“令人……的” interested感到有趣的 bored 感到无聊的 moved 被感动的 puzzled 感到困惑的 satisfied 感到满意的 interesting有趣的 boring 无聊的 moving 令人感动的 puzzling 令人迷惑的 satisfying 令人满意的 小试牛刀 1. The best way to deal with stress is __________(take) regular exercise and maintaining a balanced diet. 2. The children were __________ (excite) when they heard the news of going to the amusement park this weekend. 3. __________ (read) widely can broaden our horizons and improve our language skills effectively. 4. It is no good __________ (argue) with him when he is in a bad mood; he won't listen to reason. 5. The main task for the team now is __________(complete) the project before the end of this month. 5. 非谓语中关于 it 的常见固定结构 (1) it 作形式主语的固定结构 1　 It + be + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do sth.: 表示 “（对某人来说）做某事是…… 的”，其中 it 代替不定式短语作形式主语。 例：It is necessary (for us) to learn basic skills. 2　 It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth.: 强调人的品质特征，形容词多为描述人的性格、品行的词（如 kind, clever, foolish 等）。 例：It is kind of you to help me. 3　 It + be + 名词/名词短语 + to do sth.: 表示 “做某事是……”，常见名词或名词短语有good, use, a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a waste of time 等。 例：It is a pleasure to work with you. 4　 It + 不及物动词 + to do sth.: 常见动词有 seem, appear, happen 等，意为 “做某事似乎 / 碰巧……”。 例：It happened to rain that day. (2) it 作形式宾语的固定结构 1　 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 形容词 + to do sth.: 谓语动词多为 find, think, feel, consider 等，it 代替不定式短语作形式宾语。 例：I find it easy to solve this problem. 2　 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 名词 + to do sth.: 用名词说明宾语的性质。 例：We think it a duty to help others. 3　 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 形容词 + doing sth.: 少数动词（如 think, consider）后可接动名词作真正宾语。 例：He considers it useless arguing with her. 4　 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + that 从句 + 不定式 / 动名词: 有时会带有从句，it 仍为形式宾语。 例：She made it clear that she refused to cooperate. 小试牛刀 1. Many students find it difficult __________(memorize) all the English words in a short time. 2. It is important for us __________ (develop) a good habit of saving water in daily life. 3. The teacher made __________clear that we should finish handing in our homework on time. 4. It is no use __________(cry) over spilt milk; we should find a way to solve the problem. 5. She feels it necessary__________(learn) a second foreign language to improve her competitiveness. 6.用于with复合结构 with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动且进行)/done(表示被动且完成)/to do(表示将来)。 He sat there，with his eyes looking at the sky. 他坐在那里，眼睛看着天空。 With his mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance. 他专心于工作，没有注意到我的出现。 With much work to do this afternoon，Jack left hurriedly. 由于今天下午还有很多工作要做，杰克匆匆忙忙地离开了。 小试牛刀 1. With the problem __________ (solve), the manager felt a great sense of relief. 2. She sat there quietly, with her eyes __________ (fix) on the beautiful sunset. 3. The teacher entered the classroom, with a pile of books __________ (carry) in his hand. 4. With the wind __________ (blow) strongly, they decided to postpone the outdoor activity. 5. He left the office in a hurry, with the lights __________(leave) on all night. 4、 应用与提升 （一）基础巩固 一、识别划线部分非谓语动词形式及功能 1. The broken glass on the floor needs to be cleaned up immediately. 2. She stood at the door, waiting for her parents to come back. 3. It is important to finish the task before the deadline. 4. The book written by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. 5. His hobby is collecting stamps from all over the world. 6. We plan to visit the museum during the summer vacation. 7. Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball. 8. The teacher asked us to hand in our compositions tomorrow. 9. The exciting news made everyone jump with joy. 10. They saw a girl running towards the bus stop in a hurry. 二、单句填空（10 题） 1. I suggest ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem. 2. She seems ______ (know) the truth about the accident. 3. ______ (walk) in the rain for a long time, he caught a bad cold. 4. The little boy is afraid of ______ (be) alone in the dark. 5. My parents expect me ______ (get) good grades in the final exam. 6. The film is so moving that it made me ______ (cry). 7. ______ (not receive) his reply, she decided to call him again. 8. It is no good ______ (complain) about the bad weather. 9. The machine ______ (produce) last year works very well. 10. He tried ______ (persuade) his father to give up smoking, but failed. 三、句子改写（10 题） 1. The girl is wearing a red dress. She is my classmate. → The girl ______ a red dress is my classmate. 2. We watched the sunset. We felt very relaxed. → ______ the sunset, we felt very relaxed. 3. The building was built in 1950. It is now a museum. → The building ______ in 1950 is now a museum. 4. He has lived in this city for 10 years. He knows every corner of it. → ______ in this city for 10 years, he knows every corner of it. 5. She bought a new bike. The bike cost her 2000 yuan. → The new bike ______ by her cost 2000 yuan. 6. The students are from Class 3. They are planting trees in the park. → The students ______ from Class 3 are planting trees in the park. 7. I heard the news. I was very surprised. → I was very surprised ______ the news. 8. The dog barked loudly. It woke me up. → The dog ______ loudly woke me up. 9. He finished his work. He went home. → ______ his work, he went home. 10. The book is very popular. It was written by a young writer. → The book ______ by a young writer is very popular. （二）模考再现 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2024·山东烟台二模)I feel I have a new mission__________(shoulder)，even after China wins its battle to reduce poverty. 2.(2024·山西阳泉二模)Before painting，the painter must have a__________ (detail) draft in his mind. 3.(2024·湖北5月省考)Today in Weifang，there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites，which can be made __________ (represent) people's ideals and desires. 4.(2024·山西大同二模)__________ (wear)ropes and straps like mountaineers，Zheng and his team took steps down the cliff to loosen the compacted(压实的)soil and plant trees or grass seeds every day. 5.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)Bamboo tolerates the heat of summer and the cold of winter，and it regenerates after__________(cut). 6.(2024·山东淄博二模)Chopsticks，a food picking utensil __________(make) of bamboo or wood，is widely used by the Hans and some minority ethnic groups. 7.(2024·湖南衡阳质量检测)The young people are carrying the responsibility of __________ (spread) Chinese culture. 8.(2024·山东潍坊二模)The festival，__________(feature) a series of kites in various shapes and sizes has become one of the most impressive international events held in China. 9.(2024湖南邵阳二模)The ground floor tends __________ (use) as storage space for firewood and farming equipment. 10.(2024山东烟台一模)He asked each villager that received the machine __________ (use)it and train an inheritor (继承者) of the local weaving technique. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.（2025河北5月考）__________________ on the wall, Lily packed her schoolbag in a hurry, fearing she would be late for the exam. 瞥了一眼墙上的钟，莉莉匆忙收拾书包，担心考试迟到。 2.（2024江西二模）_________________________, Tom held the champion trophy tightly, unable to hide his excitement. 被欢呼的同学包围着，汤姆紧紧握着冠军奖杯，难掩兴奋之情。 3. （2025内蒙古一模）With tears rolling down her cheeks, Mary nodded slowly, ________________________________________reluctantly. 泪水顺着脸颊滑落，玛丽缓缓点头，不情愿地同意了父亲的决定。 4. （2024吉林5月省考）___________________________________, Jack saw his old friend waving from a distance, jumping up with joy immediately. 在车站等了一个小时，杰克看到老朋友从远处挥手，立刻高兴得跳了起来。 5. (2024・浙江杭州二模)_______________________________________in the park, Anna suddenly heard a faint cry, stopping to look around carefully. 沿着公园幽静的小路走着，安娜突然听到一声微弱的哭喊，停下来仔细环顾四周。 （3） 链接高考 (2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of ____57____ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____59____ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the opponent ____62____ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____ (strategy) placement of the pieces, ____64____ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65____ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. （2025浙江卷）The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of ____56____ new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ____57____ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ____58____ the fact that they have something unique to wear ____59____ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.” Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive ____61____ (solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept ____62____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies. Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ____63____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for ____64____ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$