专题13 语法填空之定语从句100题(六年真题+名校模拟+语篇填空)-2026届高考英语语法填空分类强化100题 (高考真题+名校模拟)

2026届高考英语语法填空分类强化100题（高考真题+名校模拟） 专题13 语法填空之定语从句100题（解析版） 2024-2025题组 1.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 1.which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2.（2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _________bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 2. where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 3. which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词clothing，并在从句中作package和offer的宾语，故填which。 4.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, _________accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 4. which 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 5. which/that 考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 6.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 6. which 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 7.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 7. that/which。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 8.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 8. who 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 9. （2024北京卷）Tinniswood, _________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 9.考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 2022-2023题组 10.（2023天津3月卷）Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. 10. where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：Kenny仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 11.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 11. where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 12.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 12. which/that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 13.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 13. as 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 14.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 14. whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 15.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 15. that/who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 16.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 16. who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 17.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 17. that 解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 2020-2021题组 18.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 18. which或that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 19.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 19. that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 20.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we can learn without repeating them. 20. which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：威廉•哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_________ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。 21.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 21. that/which 解析：考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。 22.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 22. where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。 23.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. 23. which/that 解析：考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 24.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 24. whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 25.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 25. whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。 26.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 26. where 解析：句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 27.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone. 27. suits 解析：考查定语从句动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人 解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。 28.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free. 28. which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。 2025最新模拟题组 29． is demonstrated in the report, it is never too late to take effective measures. 29．As 解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如报告显示，采取有效措施永远为时不晚，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代其后的整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，有“正如”之意。所以用as，首字母大写。故填As。 30．He has met many applicants in the interview, most of impressed him a lot with different qualities. 30．whom 解析：考查定语从句。句意：他在面试中遇到了很多申请者，其中大多数人以不同的品质给了他很深的印象。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为many applicants，指人，引导词在从句中作介词of的宾语，即“大多数申请者”。故填whom。 31．The first way in science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 31．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：科学价值的第一种方式是大家所熟悉的：科学知识使我们能够做和制造各种各样的东西。此处是“介词+关系词”引导定语从句，先行词是way，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 32． can be seen from the chart, the choices of school clubs in our school vary from person to person. 32．As 解析：考查定语从句。句意：从图表中可以看出，我们学校学生对社团的选择因人而异。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句的内容，且从句置于句首，意为“正如，正像”，应用关系代词 as 引导。句首首字母需大写。故填 As。 33．The Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, the Chinese people were not yet used to drinking coffee. 33．when 解析：考查定语从句。句意：新寨村从1952年开始种植咖啡树，当时中国人民还不习惯喝咖啡。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是1952，关系词指代先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 34．There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. 34．that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，所以我们唯一能使用的燃料是动物脂肪。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是fuel，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作could use的宾语，且先行词前有the only修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。 35．Our class has many good students, most of will be surely admitted to key universities. 35．whom 解析：考查定语从句。句子主干为Our class has many good students，逗号后的内容是对先行词students的补充说明，构成非限定性定语从句。先行词students指人，且在从句中作of的宾语，所以要用whom来引导。故填whom。 36．This is the third apple she has eaten in the afternoon. 36．that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：这是她下午吃的第三个苹果。定语从句修饰apple，在从句作宾语，且先行词被序数词修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。37．The system, can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world. 37．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：该系统在许多方面可能是最先进的，它将成为世界上最大的地震观测网。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“The system”，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，所以空处应用关系代词which来引导该定语从句，在从句中作主语。故填which。 38．People can see the development of Chinese calligraphy, has become an important part of Chinese culture. 38．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：人们可以看到中国书法的发展，它已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chinese calligraphy，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 39．At present, the network plays an important role in our life, makes many people ignore face-to-face communication. 39．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：目前，网络在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，这让很多人忽略了面对面的交流。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 40．The volunteers, whom the community has always been grateful, helped rebuild the park after the flood. 40．to 解析：考查介词。句意：社区一直感激的这些志愿者，在洪水后帮助重建了公园。固定搭配“be grateful to sb.”，意为“感激某人”，此处需用介词to，与关系代词whom构成“介词 + 关系代词” 结构引导定语从句。故填to。 41．Zhao Xintong, won the World Snooker Championship final, has made Chinese snooker a breakthrough. 41．who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：赢得了世界斯诺克锦标赛决赛的赵心童，让中国斯诺克运动取得了突破。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Zhao Xintong，指人，引导词在定语从句中作主语，因此应用关系代词who来引导。故填who。 42．Various activities have been kicked off in Tangshan, Hebei province, to provide visitors with exciting experiences and a festive atmosphere during the upcoming Chinese New Year, falls on Jan 29. 42．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：河北省唐山市已经开展了各种各样的活动，为即将到来的农历新年期间的游客提供令人兴奋的体验和节日氛围，农历新年在1月29日。分析句子结构可知，空格处单词引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 “the upcoming Chinese New Year”，指物，代替先行词在从句作主语，应用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 43．The reason he gave for his being late was he got up late. 43．that/which，that 解析：考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他为自己迟到所给出的理由是：他起得太晚了。第一空，引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reason，作从句的宾语，用关系代词that/which引导；第二空，引导表语从句，从句结构和句意完整，用that引导。故填①that/which②that。 44．In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and lives were in danger. 44．whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的环境中，他们的生命受到威胁。句中先行词为people，在定语从句中作lives的定语，表示“人们的生命”，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 45．The 1990s were a decade technological advancements revolutionized the way people communicated. 45．when 解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：20世纪90年代是一个科技进步彻底改变人们交流方式的十年。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a decade，表示时间，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，空处应用关系副词连接。故填when。 46．The only mystery remains unsolved is how the pyramids of Egypt were built with such precision. 46．that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：唯一一个仍未解开的谜团是埃及金字塔是如何建造得如此精确的。空处引导定语从句，先行词为mystery，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，先行词前有the only修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 47．We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 47．who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：那位不服输的老人给我们留下了深刻的印象。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the old man，指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 48．I met some fruit-pickers on my way to a village, several of were university students. 48．whom 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我在去一个村庄的路上遇到了一些摘水果的人，其中有几个是大学生。分析句式结构可知，此处是介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，因为先行词指人，且介词of后缺少宾语，所以用关系代词whom。故答案为whom。 49．The national park is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live in it and improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 49．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：国家公园旨在为生活在其中的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为species，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 50．Mrs Black went back to the same place she had found the ring. 50．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：布莱克夫人回到了她发现戒指的地方。空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词place，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 51．The book, cover is blue, was written by a famous author. 51．whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意：这本书是由一位著名作家写的，封面是蓝色的。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为The book，指物，关系词在从句中作名词cover的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 52．These rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, all of are linked to the Internet. 52．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：这些房间都配备了现代化的电子设备，所有这些设备都与互联网相连。“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为facilities，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故应用关系代词which。故填which。 53．She has two sons, both of graduated from Harvard University. 53．whom 解析：考查定语从句。句意：她有两个儿子，都毕业于哈佛大学。空格处是“介词+whom/which”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词sons是人，因此空格处是whom。故填whom。 54．Mr. Li lost his wallet, made him feel down the whole day. 54．which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：李先生丢了钱包，这让他一整天都很沮丧。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“Mr. Li lost his wallet”所描述的情况，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。故填which。 55． you know, I’m fond of collecting stamps very much. 55．As 解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如你所知，我非常喜欢集邮。表示“正如你所知”短语为as you know，as引导的是非限制性定语从句，as指代的是主句的内容，在从句中作宾语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。 56．The Internet gives me the chance to communicate with native speakers, improves my spoken and written English. 56．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：互联网让我有机会与母语人士交流，这提高了我的英语口语和书面表达能力。空处为非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 57．Thanks to the idea and efforts of many people, like the cycling fans and those enabled the return of “white bikes”, you can now enjoy easy transport in central Amsterdam. 57．who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：多亏了众多人士的创意和努力，比如那些热爱骑行的人以及那些促使“白色自行车”重新回归的人，如今在阿姆斯特丹市中心，你就可以轻松出行了。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 58．I can think of many cases in students knew quite a few English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. 58．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我能想到很多例子，在这些例子中，学生认识相当多的英语单词和短语，却写不出一篇好文章。空处引导定语从句，先行词many cases，指物，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 59．The reason he could not go to that famous university was that his grades was too low. 59．why 解析：考查定语从句。句意：他没能进入那所著名大学的原因是他的成绩太差了。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。 60．I can remember very few occasions he had to ask for leave because of poor health. 60．when 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我记得他因为身体不好而不得不请假的情况很少。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是occasions，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应使用关系副词when引导。故填when。 61．The poor village she built a new school had its opening ceremony yesterday. 61．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：她在那个贫困村庄建的新学校昨天举行了开学典礼。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the poor village。关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这个村庄里”，因此应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 62．He didn’t explain the reason which he was late for the meeting. 62．for 解析：考查介词。句意：他没有解释他开会迟到的原因。空格处是“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词reason是原因，和介词for搭配，因此用for which引导定语从句，故填for。 63．The Barkhor Street, all high tech has been used to create a good atmosphere, is a popular place for locals and now for tourists. 63．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：八廓街是一个当地人以及现在游客都喜欢的地方，那里已经用上了所有的高科技来创造一个好的氛围。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Barkhor Street，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 64．It's very important for us British to be in Bath in this afternoon, is the best and most elegant afternoon tea destination. 64．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：对我们英国人来说，今天下午在巴斯非常重要，那里是最好、最优雅的下午茶目的地。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Bath，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导从句。故填 which。 65．Shanxi Province, contributed 27 out of the game's 36 locations, has become a hot destination. 65．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：山西省贡献了该游戏 36 个场景中的 27 个，现已成为热门目的地。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Shanxi Province，先行词在从句中作主语指物，应用关系代词 which 引导从句。故填 which。 66．It's said that the dances can bring good luck and prosperity to those __________ watch them and are an important part of Chinese cultural heritage. 66．who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：据说这些舞蹈能给观看它们的人带来好运和繁荣，并且是中国文化遗产的重要组成部分。此处为定语从句修饰先行词those，关系词在从句中作主语指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 67．That’s the man without help our club wouldn’t have existed. 67．whose 解析：考查定语从句。句意：就是这个人，没有他的帮助，我们俱乐部就不会存在。空处和without及help搭配，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和help之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 68．The school has created an atmosphere we can develop our own interests freely, helping us develop ourselves all round. 68．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：学校营造了一种氛围，让我们可以自由地发展自己的兴趣，帮助我们全面发展。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，且在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 69．The English language was settled by the 19th century two big changes in English happened. 69．when 解析：考查定语从句。句意：英语在19世纪得以定型，而也就是在这个时期，英语发生了两大变化。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为 the 19th century，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 70．All happened during early years can influence children for the rest of their lives. 70．that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：早年发生的所有事情都会影响孩子的一生。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“All”，且在从句中作主语，当先行词是“all”时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。故填that。 71．The only system will help you remember what you have heard at a lecture is keeping notes. 71．that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：唯一可以帮助你记住你在讲座上听到的东西的方法就是记笔记。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为system，关系词在从句中作主语，因先行词前有The only修饰，所以只能用关系代词that。故填that。 72．At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of is about English idioms. 72．which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：应一些英语学习者的要求，他出版了很多书，其中一本是关于英语习语的。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是books，指物，关系词位于介词of之后，所以此处需用关系代词which引导定语从句，作介词of的宾语。 故填which。 73．As a student of Senior Three, he has very little free time he can spend developing his own interest. 73．that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：作为一名高三的学生，他几乎没有时间培养自己的爱好。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“free time”（空闲时间），且在从句中作“spend”的宾语。先行词指物，且由little来修饰，故只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 74．There are many new teachers in our school now, of many once worked in the western provinces. 74．whom 解析：考查定语从句。句意： 现在我们学校有很多新老师, 他们中很多人曾在西部省份工作过。先行词为 new teachers，将先行词代入定语从句后为 Many of the new teachers once worked in the western provinces。由此可见关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语且指“人”，关系代词为whom 。故填whom。 75． is known to everyone, playing computer games takes much time and energy. 75．As 解析：考查定语从句。句意：正如大家所知道的，玩电脑游戏要耗费很多时间和精力。分析句子可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句“playing computer games takes much time and energy”的内容，且从句置于句首。“as”可引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如……”，常置于句首，符合此处语境和语法要求。因此，应填入“As”。故填As。 76．The biggest reason I consider Study Tour is the opportunity to see the world. 76．why 解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：我考虑游学的最大原因是有机会看看世界。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，所以应填关系副词why。故填why。 77．Can you think of other cases human actions take the major blame for the ecological imbalance? 77．where 解析：考查定语从句。句意：你能想到其他人类行为对生态失衡负主要责任的情况吗？空处引导定语从句，先行词cases，指物，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 78．Many countries are now setting up national parks in animals and plants can be protected. 78．which 解析：考查关系代词。句意：许多国家现在正在建立国家公园，在那里动物和植物可以受到保护。先行词parks，指物，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，所以关系代词为which。“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词不能用that。故填which。 79．I can't find the newspaper I read the news about celebration of the 70th anniversary of China. 79．where/in which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我找不到我之前读到有关庆祝中国成立70周年新闻的那份报纸了。空处引导定语从句，先行词newspaper，在从句作地点状语，可用where或in which。故填where/in which。 80．There comes a time intelligence plays an important role in promotion. 80．when 解析：考查定语从句。句意：总会有那么一个时候，智力在晋升过程中扮演着重要的角色。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词time是时期，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。 2025最新语篇填空 （一） （24-25高二下·内蒙古包头·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 US influencer (网红) IShowSpeed has taken Chinese social media by storm 1 (recent). Born in 2005, IShowSpeed, 2 real name is Darren Watkins Jr., became famous for live streaming sports games and his travels across Europe and Asia. Chinese fans call him “Jia Kang Ge” because 3 his excited emotions and big body language. In late March, he started a live-streaming tour in China, 4 (visit) places like Shanghai, Beijing, Henan, Sichuan and Chongqing. He experienced Chinese history and culture, tasted local food and met excited fans and people from all 5 (walk) of life. In Shanghai, he joined park activities and learned about China’s electric cars. In Henan province, he visited the Shaolin Temple and 6 (learn) Kungfu. IShowSpeed’s videos give a real picture of 7 China is like and are changing how many people around the world see 8 country. “After watching his videos, I realized how foolish my previous views on China were. I feel that 9 I don’t go to China, I’ll regret for the rest of my life,” a US 10 (view) said on YouTube. 【答案】1．recently 2．whose 3．of 4．visiting 5．walks 6．learned/learnt 7．what 8．the 9．if 10．viewer 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了美国网红IShowSpeed最近在中国社交媒体上引发热潮及其在中国的旅游经历和影响。 1．考查副词。句意：美国网红IShowSpeed最近在中国社交媒体上掀起了热潮。本空修饰句子，作状语，用副词recently“最近”。故填recently。 2．考查定语从句。句意：IShowSpeed出生于2005年，真名是Darren Watkins Jr.，他因直播体育比赛和穿越欧洲和亚洲的旅行而出名。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是IShowSpeed，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰real name，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 3．考查介词。句意：中国粉丝称他为“甲亢哥”，因为他激动的情绪和夸张的肢体语言。because of“因为”是固定短语，后跟名词短语“his excited emotions and big body language”作宾语，构成介宾短语作原因状语。故填of。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：3月下旬，他开始了在中国直播之旅，参观了上海、北京、河南、四川和重庆等地。本句谓语为started，此处应为非谓语动词，visit“参观”与逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填visiting。 5．考查名词。句意：他体验了中国历史和文化，品尝了当地美食，并与兴奋的粉丝和各界人士见面。all walks of life是固定短语，意为“各行各业”。故填walks。 6．考查动词时态。句意：在河南省，他参观了少林寺并学习了功夫。与visited并列作谓语，此处描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：IShowSpeed的视频真实地展现了中国的样子，并正在改变世界各地许多人对中国这个国家的看法。本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 8．考查冠词。句意：IShowSpeed的视频真实地展现了中国的样子，并正在改变世界各地许多人对中国这个国家的看法。此处特指中国，应用定冠词the。故填the。 9．考查条件状语从句。句意：“看了他的视频后，我意识到我以前对中国的看法是多么愚蠢。我觉得如果我不去中国，我会后悔一辈子，”一位美国观众在YouTube上说。本空引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用if。故填if。 10．考查名词。句意同上。本空作主语，根据空前冠词a可知，此处为名词viewer“观众”的单数形式。故填viewer。 （二） （25-26高三上·全国·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The lychee (荔枝), whose name in English was originated from the Cantonese “lai6 zi1” with its rough, pink-red shell hiding sweet, is a jewel of the fruit world. Native 1 the forests of southern China, it has been planted there for millennia. The fruit features strikingly in Chinese culture and literature, often 2 (symbolise) romance and luxury. Early European amazed at this alien fruit and 3 (possible) brought some seeds back during their voyages to southern China. However, the lychee is particularly picky; it requires very specific subtropical conditions, 4 distinct cool period to initiate flowering, and does not tolerate frost or sustained high wetness poorly. By the early 19th century, the lychee 5 (arrive) in India and Burma. From India, it spread further to the West Indies, notably Jamaica, 6 it found suitable growing conditions. The lychee was introduced to Florida in the late 19th century, later to California, Hawaii, and America. Despite these introductions, large-scale 7 (commerce) production outside Asia remained limited for a long time due to the tree’s demanding nature. However, dedicated cultivation efforts, especially in the late 20th century, have led to significant lychee harvests in places 8 Florida, South Africa, Australia, and Israel. Today, while China remains the 9 (world) largest producer, the lychee is no longer an exclusively Chinese treasure. Its journey from southern China to tables worldwide is a fascinating story of botanical 10 (explore), colonial trade networks, and human persistence in culturing beauty and flavor. 【答案】1．to 2．symbolising 3．possibly 4．a 5．had arrived 6．where 7．commercial 8．like 9．world’s 10．exploration 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了荔枝的起源、生长特性、传播历程及在全球的种植情况等。 1．考查介词。句意：原产于中国南方的森林，它在那里已经种植了数千年。此处为固定搭配native to，意为“原产于”，所以用介词to。故填to。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种水果在中国文化和文学中具有显著地位，常象征着浪漫与奢华。此处为非谓语动词，The fruit与symbolise为主动关系，用现在分词symbolising作状语。故填symbolising。 3．考查副词。句意：早期的欧洲人对这种外来水果感到惊奇，可能在他们前往中国南方的航行中带回了一些种子。此处修饰动词brought，用possible的副词形式possibly，意为“可能”。故填possibly。 4．考查冠词。句意：然而，荔枝特别挑剔；它需要非常特定的亚热带条件，一个明显的凉爽时期来启动开花，并且不耐霜冻或持续的高湿度。period为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一个明显的凉爽时期”，且distinct是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．考查动词时态。句意：到19世纪初，荔枝已经传到了印度和缅甸。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“By the early 19th century”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，所以谓语动词为had arrived。故填had arrived。 6．考查定语从句。句意：从印度，它进一步传播到西印度群岛，特别是牙买加，在那里它找到了适宜的生长条件。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为Jamaica，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 7．考查形容词。句意：尽管有这些引进，但由于这种树的苛刻特性，长期以来亚洲以外的大规模商业生产仍然有限。此处修饰名词production，用commerce的形容词形式commercial，意为“商业的”。故填commercial。 8．考查介词。句意：然而，专注的种植努力，特别是在20世纪后期，已经使得在佛罗里达、南非、澳大利亚和以色列等地有了显著的荔枝收成。空前为places，空后为表示地点的名词“Florida, South Africa, Australia, and Israel”，由此可知，此处表示“像，例如”对places进行举例说明，所以使用介词like。故填like。 9．考查名词所有格。句意：今天，虽然中国仍然是世界上最大的荔枝生产国，但荔枝不再是中国独有的珍宝。此处修饰形容词最高级largest producer，用world的所有格形式world’s，意为“世界的”。故填world’s。 10．考查名词。句意：它从中国南方到世界各地餐桌的旅程，是一个关于植物探索、殖民贸易网络以及人类在培育美和风味方面坚持不懈的迷人故事。此处作介词of的宾语，用explore的名词形式exploration，意为“探索”，为不可数名词。故填exploration。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2026届高考英语语法填空分类强化100题（高考真题+名校模拟） 专题13 语法填空之定语从句100题（原卷版） 2024-2025题组 1.（2025全国一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 2.（2025全国二卷）Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _________bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 4.（2025北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, _________accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 6.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 7.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 8.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 9. （2024北京卷）Tinniswood, _________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 2022-2023题组 10.（2023天津3月卷）Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up. 11.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 12.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 13.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 14.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 15.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 16.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 17.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 2020-2021题组 18.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 19.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 20.（2021天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we can learn without repeating them. 21.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 22.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors. 23.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. 24.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 25.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 26.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 27.（2020江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ everyone. 28.（2020江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from ___________students can choose for free. 2025最新模拟题组 29． is demonstrated in the report, it is never too late to take effective measures. 30．He has met many applicants in the interview, most of impressed him a lot with different qualities. 31．The first way in science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 32． can be seen from the chart, the choices of school clubs in our school vary from person to person. 33．The Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, the Chinese people were not yet used to drinking coffee. 34．There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. 35．Our class has many good students, most of will be surely admitted to key universities. 36．This is the third apple she has eaten in the afternoon. 37．The system, can be the most advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake observation network in the world. 38．People can see the development of Chinese calligraphy, has become an important part of Chinese culture. 39．At present, the network plays an important role in our life, makes many people ignore face-to-face communication. 40．The volunteers, whom the community has always been grateful, helped rebuild the park after the flood. 41．Zhao Xintong, won the World Snooker Championship final, has made Chinese snooker a breakthrough. 42．Various activities have been kicked off in Tangshan, Hebei province, to provide visitors with exciting experiences and a festive atmosphere during the upcoming Chinese New Year, falls on Jan 29. 43．The reason he gave for his being late was he got up late. 44．In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and lives were in danger. 45．The 1990s were a decade technological advancements revolutionized the way people communicated. 46．The only mystery remains unsolved is how the pyramids of Egypt were built with such precision. 47．We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 48．I met some fruit-pickers on my way to a village, several of were university students. 49．The national park is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live in it and improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 50．Mrs Black went back to the same place she had found the ring. 51．The book, cover is blue, was written by a famous author. 52．These rooms are equipped with modern electronic facilities, all of are linked to the Internet. 53．She has two sons, both of graduated from Harvard University. 54．Mr. Li lost his wallet, made him feel down the whole day. 55． you know, I’m fond of collecting stamps very much. 56．The Internet gives me the chance to communicate with native speakers, improves my spoken and written English. 57．Thanks to the idea and efforts of many people, like the cycling fans and those enabled the return of “white bikes”, you can now enjoy easy transport in central Amsterdam. 58．I can think of many cases in students knew quite a few English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. 59．The reason he could not go to that famous university was that his grades was too low. 60．I can remember very few occasions he had to ask for leave because of poor health. 61．The poor village she built a new school had its opening ceremony yesterday. 62．He didn’t explain the reason which he was late for the meeting. 63．The Barkhor Street, all high tech has been used to create a good atmosphere, is a popular place for locals and now for tourists. 64．It's very important for us British to be in Bath in this afternoon, is the best and most elegant afternoon tea destination. 65．Shanxi Province, contributed 27 out of the game's 36 locations, has become a hot destination. 66．It's said that the dances can bring good luck and prosperity to those __________ watch them and are an important part of Chinese cultural heritage. 67．That’s the man without help our club wouldn’t have existed. 68．The school has created an atmosphere we can develop our own interests freely, helping us develop ourselves all round. 69．The English language was settled by the 19th century two big changes in English happened. 70．All happened during early years can influence children for the rest of their lives. 71．The only system will help you remember what you have heard at a lecture is keeping notes. 72．At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of is about English idioms. 73．As a student of Senior Three, he has very little free time he can spend developing his own interest. 74．There are many new teachers in our school now, of many once worked in the western provinces. 75． is known to everyone, playing computer games takes much time and energy. 76．The biggest reason I consider Study Tour is the opportunity to see the world. 77．Can you think of other cases human actions take the major blame for the ecological imbalance? 78．Many countries are now setting up national parks in animals and plants can be protected. 79．I can't find the newspaper I read the news about celebration of the 70th anniversary of China. 80．There comes a time intelligence plays an important role in promotion. 2025最新语篇填空 （一） （24-25高二下·内蒙古包头·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 US influencer (网红) IShowSpeed has taken Chinese social media by storm 1 (recent). Born in 2005, IShowSpeed, 2 real name is Darren Watkins Jr., became famous for live streaming sports games and his travels across Europe and Asia. Chinese fans call him “Jia Kang Ge” because 3 his excited emotions and big body language. In late March, he started a live-streaming tour in China, 4 (visit) places like Shanghai, Beijing, Henan, Sichuan and Chongqing. He experienced Chinese history and culture, tasted local food and met excited fans and people from all 5 (walk) of life. In Shanghai, he joined park activities and learned about China’s electric cars. In Henan province, he visited the Shaolin Temple and 6 (learn) Kungfu. IShowSpeed’s videos give a real picture of 7 China is like and are changing how many people around the world see 8 country. “After watching his videos, I realized how foolish my previous views on China were. I feel that 9 I don’t go to China, I’ll regret for the rest of my life,” a US 10 (view) said on YouTube. （二） （25-26高三上·全国·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The lychee (荔枝), whose name in English was originated from the Cantonese “lai6 zi1” with its rough, pink-red shell hiding sweet, is a jewel of the fruit world. Native 1 the forests of southern China, it has been planted there for millennia. The fruit features strikingly in Chinese culture and literature, often 2 (symbolise) romance and luxury. Early European amazed at this alien fruit and 3 (possible) brought some seeds back during their voyages to southern China. However, the lychee is particularly picky; it requires very specific subtropical conditions, 4 distinct cool period to initiate flowering, and does not tolerate frost or sustained high wetness poorly. By the early 19th century, the lychee 5 (arrive) in India and Burma. From India, it spread further to the West Indies, notably Jamaica, 6 it found suitable growing conditions. The lychee was introduced to Florida in the late 19th century, later to California, Hawaii, and America. Despite these introductions, large-scale 7 (commerce) production outside Asia remained limited for a long time due to the tree’s demanding nature. However, dedicated cultivation efforts, especially in the late 20th century, have led to significant lychee harvests in places 8 Florida, South Africa, Australia, and Israel. Today, while China remains the 9 (world) largest producer, the lychee is no longer an exclusively Chinese treasure. Its journey from southern China to tables worldwide is a fascinating story of botanical 10 (explore), colonial trade networks, and human persistence in culturing beauty and flavor. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$