专题02 阅读理解记叙文（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题02 阅读理解---记叙文 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 记叙文五年高考考情统计 【知能解读 02 】 记叙文五年高考考情解读 【知能解读 03 】 阅读理解记叙文高频题型 【知能解读 04 】 阅读理解记叙文选项特点 【知能解读 05 】 阅读理解记叙文解题思路 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 人物性格题 【重难点突破 0 2 】 活动评价题 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 文章寓意题 【易混易错 0 2 】 猜测词义题 【易混易错 0 3 】 标题概括题 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧 0 1 】 阅读理解 记叙 文答题误区 【方法技巧 0 2 】 阅读理解 记叙 文误区应对 【方法技巧 0 3 】 阅读理解 记叙 文满分策略 ) 01记叙文五年高考考情统计 卷别 主题 话题 词数 细节 理解题 猜测 词义题 推理 判断题 主旨 大意题 2025全国一卷 人与自我 讲述了师生“教学相长”的故事 303+106 1 1 2 2025全国二卷 人与社会 讲述了医学院教师的工作情况 308+105 2 1 1 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 中医针灸治疗动物尝试获好评 304+127 2 1 1 2023新课标I卷 人与自然 利用自然的自我修复净化污水 341+134 2 1 1 2023新课标II卷 人与社会 学校园艺项目培养学生科学力 273+126 1 2 1 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 DIY有希望成为女性潮流趋势 279+138 2 1 1 2023全国乙卷 人与自我 风景摄影师在摄影途中的趣闻 312+141 1 3 2022新课标II卷 人与社会 资深媒体记者生活趣事及感想 324+130 3 1 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍发现悉尼发展遇到的问题 340+152 1 2 1 2021新课标I卷 人与自我 介绍为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作 327+106 3 1 2021新课标II卷 人与自然 作者在家全天候照顾老虎幼崽 316+120 2 1 1 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 结识了玩滑板的朋友融入社区 337+139 1 3 02记叙文五年高考考情解读 1.题型解读 记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为表达方式的文章。一篇记叙文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和过程，表达作者的某种情感。主要具有以下特点： 内容上，记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。 命题上，主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。 选材上，新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。 形式上，顺叙、倒叙、插叙。 语言上，一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。 2.体裁结构 ①记叙文的开头通常交代事件的背景，即事件发生的时间、地点、有关人物等内容。 ②记叙文的展开（中间）通常以人物活动的时间顺序、空间位置变换、事件发生的顺序或人物的主次性格特征为行文线索。 ③记叙文的结尾通常是依照事件的发生、发展和结局这样一个自然的顺序来结尾。 3.写作意图 ①讲述故事 ( tell / narrate / relate a story) ②分享经验  (share an experience) ③纪念人物 (remember a person) ④阐明道理 (communicate an idea / convey a message) 03阅读理解记叙文高频题型 04阅读理解记叙文选项特点 1.正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误 05阅读理解记叙文解题思路 1.关注细节  记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。  2.注重联系  在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。  3.读懂表象 主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from …?”或是What does the author imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。  4.挖掘意义  每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。 01 人物性格题 1.题型解读 无论是叙事型或者记人型阅读理解记叙文，往往都涉及到人们或者公众对其人生事迹或贡献评价，选项多用一个形容词或者两个并列的形容词。注意人物性格形容词往往与具体行为、态度直接关联。 分类 例词 正面评价 brave勇敢的kind善良的optimistic乐观的reliable可靠的determined坚定的humorous幽默的generous慷慨的reserved内敛的ambitious有野心的sensitive敏感的creative有创造性的 负面评价 odd古怪的rude粗鲁的stubborn固执的selfish自私的impatient不耐烦的cowardly懦弱的 2.命题方式 设问方式以“Which of the following best describes...?”等引出问题。 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? (2024新课标I卷) 22. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? (2019全国I卷) 3.解题步骤 阅读理解记叙文“人物性格描述题”的最优处理方法： 第一、先整体把握文章大意、人物经历、事迹贡献、人物反馈，多为弘扬“真善美”主旋律主题。 第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。 第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，多为并列型，一对一错，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。 跟踪训练1　(2024新课标I卷阅读B片段) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. … 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 跟踪训练2　(2019全国I卷阅读B片段) … Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves. “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding. 02 活动评价题 1.题型解读 ①“活动评价题”试题大多出现在记叙文最后一题； ②属于复杂细节理解题，可能会涉及阅读材料多处； ③常见命题形式：Which of the following best describes…? 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? (2023新课标I卷) 26. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home? (2021新课标II卷) 2.解题策略 阅读理解记叙文“活动评价题”的最优处理方法： 第一、先通读全文把握主旨，重点了解相关事件的前因后果和来龙去脉，为后续处理做铺垫。 第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。 第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。 跟踪训练1 (2023新课标I卷B篇片段) … Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 跟踪训练 (2023全国乙卷B篇) … One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 01文章寓意题 1.命题形式 文章寓意题属于文章整体阅读，属于主旨概括题，类似于中心大意题。一方面，需要考生研读全文把握大意。另一方面需要吃透选项字面意思和言外之意方能把二者有效结合起来做出最佳选择。 27. What does the author’s experience show? (2025全国一卷) 45. What message does Tara's story convey? (2023天津卷) 2.解题策略 ①平时多注意收集英语谚语并吃透其字面意思和言外之意，有备无患； ②仔细阅读文本，把握大意，尤其是关注记叙文尾段，多是感想或体会； ③把文章大意和四个选项内容逐一进行比对，逐个排除，筛选出最佳答案。 3.常用英语格言 英语谚语 汉语 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。 Well begun is half done. 好的开始是成功的一半。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，医生远离我。 Beauty lies in the love's eyes. 情人眼里出西施。 Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，为时未晚。 One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。 Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 跟踪训练1 (2021全国甲卷第23题) … I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 27. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 跟踪训练2 (2023天津卷B篇) I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 45. What message does Tara's story convey? A. It's never too young to learn. B. A passionate interest works wonders. C. Hard work will pay off in the long run. D. Like mother, like daughter. 02 猜测词义题 在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种:名词(短语)指代题和代词指代题。本专题我们就如何解答名词(短语)指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。 1.思维导图 3.猜测技巧 ①利用释义法猜词 在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。 ②利用构词法猜词 英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。 ③利用因果关系猜词 若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。 ⑥利用对比关系猜词 运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。 ⑤利用语境法解题 有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。 ⑥利用同义关系解题 画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。 ⑦利用生活常识解题 在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。 3.解题思路 在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如:要求考生指出代词it，they，one等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到: 原文定位：返回原文，找出指代词。 左顾右盼：找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子（90%以上都是往前找答案）。 替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。3.替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。 跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷B篇) … As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. … 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 跟踪训练2 (2025全国二卷B篇) … There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” … 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 03 记叙文选标题 阅读理解记叙文选标题这个类型不是频繁出现，但是难度不小，需要整体把控记叙文的文章结构、文章线索、选项特点做出自己的判断。 1.思维导图 2.解题思路 ①主题句法 记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。 ②关键词法 全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的关键词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 ③逆向思维法 在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，逐一排除，缩小范围，接近的即为正确选项。 跟踪训练1 (2023新课标I卷B篇) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 跟踪训练2 (2019全国III卷B篇) For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. "It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China; some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways." 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 01 阅读理解记叙文答题误区 1.忽视文章整体主旨，纠结局部细节 考生在阅读记叙文时，容易过度关注文中的个别细节，如特定的事件、对话或描述，却忽略了从整体上把握文章的主旨大意。 以 2023 年新高考 I 卷中关于 John Todd 的记叙文为例，文章围绕 John Todd 受自然启发，利用生态原理设计机器处理污水等内容展开，主旨在于展现他的生态设计理念和实践成果。有的考生在答题时，只关注到他从自然现象中发现问题（如污水变清）这一细节，在回答 “John Todd 工作的基础是什么” 这类涉及主旨理解的题目时，误选 “某些植物能捕获有害细菌” 等选项，而忽视了 “自然能自我修复” 这一贯穿全文的核心要点，没有从整体理解 John Todd 的工作是基于对自然自我修复机制的运用。 2.未准确理解题干要求，答非所问 部分考生在阅读题干时不够仔细，未能准确把握题目所问的核心内容，导致回答与问题不匹配。 以 2025 年全国高考一卷的写作课记叙文里，题目问 “学生创作故事效果惊人的原因” ，正确思路应从老师布置作业的要求、学生对作业的兴趣等方面思考。但有些考生因未理解题干，从学生自身写作能力等无关角度作答，忽略了老师改变作业要求（如让学生选择健康相关话题写说服性文章）这一关键因素，使得答案偏离要点。 3.混淆人物情感态度，主观臆断 记叙文常涉及人物的情感态度，考生容易根据自己的主观想法去判断，而没有依据文章中人物的具体言行、所处情境以及作者的描述来分析。 2023 年新高考 II 卷中关于学校花园项目 Urban Sprouts 的文章，讲述该项目帮助学生发展多种能力。在分析学生对项目的情感态度时，有的考生未依据文中 “学生起初害怕昆虫、嫌弃泥土，但后来参与其中” 等描述，而是主观认为学生一开始就积极喜欢，在回答相关情感态度题目时出错，没有准确把握学生情感的变化过程。 4.被选项干扰，脱离文本判断 阅读理解的选项常设置干扰项，部分考生容易被看似合理但与原文不符的选项迷惑，没有紧扣文本内容进行分析判断。 2025 年全国高考二卷中关于教师 Kathy H的记叙文，若题目问Kathy H对自己工作的看法，干扰选项可能会提及一些常见的教师工作特点，但与 Kathy H在医院教学的特殊情况不符。有的考生不依据文中 Kathy H对自己工作特殊性质的描述，被干扰项误导，做出错误选择 。 02 阅读理解记叙文误区应对 1.主旨理解偏差 应对办法：通读全文后，思考文章讲述的核心人物和主要事件，提炼出中心思想；重点关注文章开头、结尾以及每段的关键句，这些地方常体现文章主旨；还可将各段落内容进行概括，梳理它们之间的关联，从而准确把握文章主旨。 2.审题不清答非所问 应对办法：认真研读题干，圈画出关键词，明确题目所问是原因、结果、态度还是其他方面；答题前再次确认题干要求，确保回答内容与问题匹配；如果题干涉及对某个细节的理解，要精准定位到原文相关段落和语句后再作答。 3.人物情感态度误判 应对办法：圈画出描写人物语言、动作、心理活动的语句，以及文中描述场景、氛围的词汇。例如，上述花园项目文章里，关注学生从 “害怕昆虫、嫌弃泥土” 到 “积极参与” 的变化语句；留意作者议论时所用的形容词、副词，像 “fortunately”“surprisingly” 等，从这些词句中准确把握人物情感态度。 4.受干扰项误导 应对办法：将选项与原文进行细致比对，分析选项每个部分是否都能在原文找到依据；遇到含绝对化词汇（如 “only”“never”“all”）的选项要格外留意，除非原文明确表述，否则很可能是错误选项；对于观点类题目，分清是作者观点还是文中其他人的观点，避免混淆。 03 阅读理解记叙文满分策略 1.阅读理解记叙文细节理解题居多，落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”。 2.阅读理解记叙文重视首尾段作用，尤其是标题概括题和写作意图题。 3.猜词词义题注意运用“代入法”“排除法”从逻辑性和褒贬性出发。 4.文章寓意题选项字面意思和言外之意与文章主旨结合，去伪存真。 5.性格描述题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词描述，确定最佳答案。 6.标题概括题注意文章线索点睛作用，兼有概括性、新颖性和针对性。 ( 阅读理解 记叙 文 综合能力提升 ) 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01 (2025八省联考卷) Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? (人物性格题) A. He’s open-minded. B. He’s sharp-eyed. C. He’s warm-hearted. D. He’s strong-willed. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? (猜测词义题) A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 26. What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? A. He drove Butch to its owner. B. He sent presents to his friends. C. He prepared a retirement party. D. He said goodbye to the neighbors. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 02 (2024浙江1月卷) When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? (猜测词义题) A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. 25. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice. C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition. 26. What do we know about the “mini community library”? A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection. C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month. 27. Why did the author start to use the “library”? A. He wanted to borrow some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C. He found there were excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 03（2025·江西·二模） While touring Mississippi in an old car, John Ingall and his wife, Jane, discovered a plant that would change their lives — the hardshell gourd (葫芦). At first, it was mere curiosity, but soon, they saw gourds everywhere — carved, hanging, glowing as lanterns. Drawn to them, John, a lifelong farmer, decided to try growing them. Back in Warwickshire, he planted a few seeds among his tomatoes. The plants grew quickly, reaching six feet tall. Weeks later, he found large gourds hidden among the leaves. Since then, he has harvested about a hundred gourds each year, each with a different shape — some long and thin, others round. Unexpectedly, Ingall had been trying to retire when he first discovered gourds. After managing two farms — one from Jane’s family and another for growing crops — he had always planned to stop working at 65. Unlike many farmers who never retire, he wanted to find a new interest. Farming had been his childhood dream, despite his parents’ objections. They, shaped by the Great Depression, had hoped he would take an office job. Yet, his love for rural life never faded. Over 45 years, he moved from dairy to beef, then organic farming, and finally letting the land return to nature. Change, he welcomed — but only in a controlled manner. Yet gourds pushed him beyond his comfort zone. “Not until I started working on them did I realize — I am an artist!” said John. Now, as one of the few gourd artists in the U. K., he creates lanterns with colored glass, astonishing visitors. As well as selling gourds through his personal studio, John markets them at art fairs, donating profits to fight the climate crisis. “It’s very satisfying. Gourds are an entirely sustainable material for many types of art, and every gourd is unique,” he says. “I enjoy growing them. It’s amazing what you can do with gourds.” 1. What motivated John to plant gourds? A. His wife’s encouragement. B. His desire for a new interest. C. His fascination with the plant. D. His longing for a big harvest. 2. What do we know about John? A. He resisted the life change. B. He favored organic farming. C. He had little interest in retiring. D. He went against his parents will. 3. What do gourds mean to John? A. A bond with people. B. A passion of lifetime. C. A means of earning money. D. A source of inspiration. 4. Which of the following can best describe John? (人物性格题) A. Humorous and caring. B. Talented and generous. C. Committed and humble. D. Ambitious and sensitive. 04（2025·浙江·二模） Off the coast of Santa Barbara — Just yards from the Fish 1,a 22-foot research ship, a humpback whale about twice the size of the boat threw itself out of the water, sending shining droplets in a broken necklace of splash. In the other direction, a cargo ship, piled high with containers, crept closer. Aboard the Fish 1, a slight figure whose face is wrinkled from years in the sun and saltwater, looked from one to the other. Ocean scientist Douglas McCauley wanted to see whether the near real-time detection system he and his colleagues had developed, Whale Safe, could prevent crashes between whales and ships in the Santa Barbara Channel. By collecting data from several sources, Whale Safe forecasts to ships the chances of meeting a whale and then grades shipping companies on whether they actually slow down during whale migrations. “We can literally watch all of the ships in California and across the whole ocean; we are better positioned than ever before to try to track damage before it occurs,” McCauley said, “We are in trouble if we don’t do something different, and I realized that if I kept sticking my head literally underwater or stayed in the lab, these problems weren’t going to fix themselves.” Humans have worked in the seas for centuries. But as development has intensified and the planet has warmed, the 43-year-old McCauley has dared to brave the gray area between scientific research and advocacy to try to fix these problems — or at least make them visible. “One of Doug’s notable qualities as a scientist is that he is keen to explore outside the box,” said Benjamin Halpern, a professor of marine biology and ocean conservation who has worked with McCauley for about a decade. “He is a very creative thinker, and able to think differently about the solutions to problems and what kinds of research and science can help inform those.” 1. Why are the whale and the ship mentioned in paragraph.1? A. To tell a story. B. To describe a scene. C. To provide an example. D. To make a comparison. 2. What do we know about Whale Safe? A. It alarms the whales about the presence of ships. B. It offers data-driven warnings to the ships. C. It grades shipping companies all year around. D. It records crashes between whales and ships. 3. What can we infer from McCauley’ words? A. Preventive measures are critical to whale protection. B. Conventional approaches prove effective in damage tracking. C. Underwater investigation guarantees real-time ocean monitoring. D. Laboratory research provides valuable solutions to ocean problems. 4. Which of the following can best describe Douglas McCauley? (人物性格题) A. Courageous and hard-working. B. Adventurous and open-minded. C. Competitive and forward-looking. D. Innovative and solution-oriented. 05（2025·吉林·二模） For the past three years, my mother battled cancer in silence. When she learned of her diagnosis, she chose not to tell anyone in our family. She did not want us to worry, so she carried the burden alone. I only noticed her fatigue and thinning hair, but she always smiled and insisted that everything was fine. Every morning, she would rise before dawn to prepare breakfast for me and my father. I remember the smell of pancakes and freshly brewed coffee filling the kitchen, masking the bitter taste of her reality. She would slip away to her treatments, returning home with a tired smile and dark circles under her eyes. I asked her about the bruises (淤青) on her arms and she simply said they were from clumsy moments. Despite her pain and growing weakness, my mother devoted herself to my happiness. Every year, as my birthday approached, she carefully selected a special gift, wrapped it in bright paper, and placed it in the garage (车库). She even painted a small wooden sign above the tool cabinet and hung the key on a hook. On its tag, she wrote, “Open after I die.” This secret tradition remained between her and the boxes of presents waiting silently in the garage. Last month, my mother passed away. I was preparing to leave for college out of state, hoping to see her proud smile as I walked onto the campus. Instead, I returned home to an empty house filled with stillness and echoes of her laughter. My greatest regret is that she never got to see me begin this new chapter of my life. Grief weighed heavily on my heart as I struggled to accept her absence. A week after the funeral, I remembered the garage key. With trembling hands, I walked into the cluttered space. Behind the old lawnmower and stacked boxes, I found a row of neatly arranged gifts, one for each birthday she had planned. On the wall above them hung a photograph of her and me, smiling at the beach when I was a child. Beneath the photo, in her familiar handwriting, were the words, “Happy Birthday, son. May happiness fill each day!” 1. For approximately how long did the mother bear her illness in secret? A. Roughly two years. B. Less than twelve months. C. Over thirty-six months. D. Under eighteen months. 2. In which part of the house did she hide the birthday presents? A. Under the bedroom floorboards. B. Within the home’s external storage area. C. Tucked behind the basement furnace. D. Concealed in the linen closet. 3. Which of the following best captures the narrator’s deepest remorse? A. She didn’t witness his beginning at university. B. She never documented her final wishes. C. She forgot to tell him the truth before passing. D. She failed to leave a parting letter. 4. Which title most fittingly conveys the story’s theme? (标题概括题) A. A Silent Protector B. Gifts Left in Waiting C. Shadows of Sorrow D. The Key to Unspoken Love 06（2025·河北保定·一模） Jamie Mittelman was outside all the time as a kid growing up in Dover, Massachusetts. Sports and exercise were a big part of her childhood: Hiking and skiing with her family, running track and field at school, playing soccer. Mittelman’s second passion — working with international women and girls — was something she first explored in college as an international affairs and geography major and gender studies minor. Living in Chittagong, Bangladesh, Mittelman solidified her passion for working with this demographic (特定人群). As an English grammar teacher and project manager, Mittelman got involved with women from 13 Asian countries and helped them prepare for college. She saw them for the future leaders they were — strong, smart, and capable. “Working with these incredible women fueled my passion to champion women and girls, especially those from different contexts than my own.” “I’ve always been a huge fan of the Olympics,” she says. “I think they’re incredible, a time of great hope.” When COVID-19 hit and the games were postponed, with Harvard support, Mittelman launched her COVID-adaptation of her dream job: Flame Bearers, the first and only global storytelling platform for women Olympians and Paralympians. Flame Bearers is a podcast, website, and social media platform, bringing these athletes’ experiences to life, giving them a platform of celebration and an opportunity to share their learnings. Mittelman uses sport as a vehicle for issues such as pay equity, disability bias (偏见), or racial justice. What she did know was what she wanted the podcast to represent. Mittelman gave the example of a disabled Chilean table tennis player, Tamara Leonelli, explaining that the press doesn’t give her the time of day, let alone portray her in a way that doesn’t paint her with the pity brush. “I wanted to celebrate a diversity of region, ability, sport, fame, and then race, class, religion. And I wanted to portray them as whole people who do more than sports.” Mittelman says that lack of quality representation makes it near impossible for younger girls to see their future selves in someone who doesn’t “exist” today. 1. When did Mittelman commit to advocating for women and girls? A. When playing sports with her family. B. When doing gender studies in college. C. When working as a teacher and project manager. D. When preparing for the college examinations. 2. Why did Mittelman launch the Flame Bearers? A. To adjust to the impact of the delay of the Olympics. B. To gain fame by featuring women Olympians and Paralympians. C. To tell stories to cheer up women Olympians and Paralympians. D. To arouse people’s attention to women Olympians and Paralympians. 3. Mittelman mentioned the example of Tamara Leonelli to show ________. A. there is prejudice in sports media reporting B. there is less high-quality media coverage C. younger girls find it difficult to achieve their dreams D. women and disabled athletes can do better in Olympics 4. Which of the following words can best describe Mittelman? (人物性格题) A. Fearless and strict. B. Persevering and cautious. C. Passionate and careful. D. Supportive and determined. 07（2025·山东·二模） Did you know that an average Indian household wastes over 50 litres of water daily? At just 18, Mannat Kaur has found a way to change that. Mannat’s story towards sustainability began at home. Her parents had educated her in following a more sustainable path towards everyday events. This early exposure to sustainable practices laid the foundation for her later efforts. However, Mannat’s passion for water recycling was sparked by a first-hand experience in 2016. “I saw people struggling for two days during a supply shortage in Delhi’s canals, searching for water and carrying their pots,” recalls Mannat. Determined to find a solution, 10-year-old Mannat started researching. She surveyed 400 people to understand barriers to greywater (洗涤水) recycling. Mannat found that people were willing to have a recycling system, but the limitations and the lack of knowledge stopped them from doing so. Driven by a desire to bridge this gap, Mannat began a mission. Her innovation, a decentralised greywater recycling system, comprises two key components: the Bilge Vessel (BV) and the Scupper Valve (SV). The Scupper Valve, a compact device placed in the floor drain, collects shower and kitchen greywater, which is then pumped to the Bilge Vessel or filtration (过滤). The Bilge Vessel is a three-bucket filtration system that purifies water using natural filter media. “The Bilge Vessel stores the recycled water, which can be used for non-drinking operations and activities that require non-human contact like irrigation, mopping, car washing, etc,” shares Mannat. The impact of Mannat’s system is evident in her own home, where the prototype has been functioning for two years. For a family of four, the system saves 5,000 to 6,000 litres of potable water per month, effectively recycling 50%of their water demand. Furthermore, her decentralised approach significantly reduces carbon emissions compared to traditional centralised sewage treatment systems. Mannat Kaur’s journey is an inspiring example of how youthful innovation, coupled with a deep understanding of real-world problems, can lead to impactful solutions. Her greywater recycling system addresses water scarcity and promotes a sustainable lifestyle, making her a true champion of environmental stewardship. 1. What inspired Mannat to focus on water recycling? A. A scientific project. B. Delhi’s water crisis. C. Her parents’ advice. D. A household practice. 2. What was a problem with greywater recycling according to the survey? A. Lack of government funding. B. Public disinterest in recycling C. Great distance between families. D. Challenges in knowledge and methods. 3. How does Mannat’s creation work? A. By collecting, filtering and storing. B. By treating, purifying, and storing. C. By reducing, recycling and reusing. D. By pumping, filtering and dumping. 4. Which might be the best title for the text? (标题概括题) A. Reducing Pollution in Households B. Personal Efforts in Water Conservation C. A Teen’s Innovation for Water Recycling D. The History of Pollution Treatment Systems 08（2025·全国·模拟预测） When people ask me now why I’m not an Instagram user, I usually give a general response like, “I’m not really a social media person.” But the true reasons are more complicated. For a while, I quite liked this. I didn’t have to bother cultivating a perfect profile, and could enjoy a sense of moral superiority believing I didn’t buy into the same image-driven society as other teenagers. It’s true that I appeared to care less about popularity than some of my peers — if only because I’d always been on the outside loop. Admittedly, this may also be a reflection of my fixation on something else at school: studying. My satisfaction did not come from social media likes, but from teacher reports and test papers. Yet, over time, I have also felt the negative effects of my lack of social media presence. At school, as at university, it partly contributed to my status as a wallflower. Above all, it was isolating. Aside from a small circle of friends (fortunately, extremely good ones), I felt that people generally did not know me, or even know of me, and I didn’t know them. Would Instagram have helped me make friends more easily? Overall, I have a contradictory attitude towards my own lack of Instagram. In some ways, I feel that it has genuinely bettered my outlook on life, enabling me to resist constant comparison with others, but, at times, I have also felt it to be an unnecessary self-imposed social exclusion. The latter may reveal how deep-rooted social media has become in our times. For better or for worse, I did take a different route. I never created a social media presence. I never posted photos. I never watched how many likes they got. Whichever path I might have gone down, there are positives and negatives to both. But this is the choice I took. And that has made all the difference. 1. What does the underlined word “wallflower” represent in Paragraph 3? (猜测词义题) A. An outsider. B. An outgoing person. C. A garden plant in spring. D. A flower growing on the wall. 2. Which may be the negative effect of using Instagram? A. Making one isolated. B. Causing mental diseases. C. Cultivating dependent personality. D. Causing constant comparisons with others. 3. Which may the author agree with? A. Instagram is a must in social media age. B. Social media play a vital role in our times. C. Lack of social media makes people insecure. D. Instagram improves mental and physical health. 4. Which can best describe the author? (人物性格题) A. Independent-minded. B. Old-fashioned. C. Outgoing. D. Over-confident. 09（2025·湖南长沙·三模） “Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!” The silver-haired driver behind me in a fancy truck rudely yelled at me. Without much thought, I yelled back at the man, “What? Are you in a rush or something? ” I was waiting in line at the drive-through to order our breakfast on a Sunday morning. There were only 12 inches or so between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast. What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me? I wanted to let my own anger go after this ridiculous exchange. But the more I thought about it, the angrier I got. I was angry that he yelled at a mother in front of two kids. My daughter and my son were both confused and saddened by what they had just witnessed. We were on our way to a soccer tournament, and we had a bonus day free from school and work. Probably, there was nothing in the world to be upset about. Then this man let his anger out. I told my kids I was so mad that I had to roll my window up so that I wouldn’t keep yelling at this guy. Then, I stopped and looked back. I had moved up the 12 or so inches at his “suggestion”, while he hadn’t moved an inch. Suddenly, I felt sympathy for him. He must have been suffering in some way. As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our order, I had an idea. “I heard how rude that man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth paying for,” the cashier said to me. “My kids support me in doing that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannot drive out hate. 1. Why was the driver angry with the author? A. Her car cut in. B. She held up his truck. C. Her car stopped suddenly. D. She screamed at him. 2. What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3? A. Why her anger kept growing. B. What her kids’ reaction was. C. How she calmed herself down D. Why she ordered the breakfast. 3. What was the author’s final decision? A. She taught her kids a lesson. B. She apologized to the driver. C. She paid for the driver’s food. D. She gave the cashier some advice 4. What does the author intend to convey in the text? (文章寓意题) A. Respond to hate with kindness B. Deal with a man as he deals with you. C. Put distance between your car and another. D. Never go to the drive-through at rush hours 10（2025·全国·模拟预测） From a small Vermont countryside community comes the story of a couple who stopped cutting their massive lawn (草坪) and grew wildflowers instead, pleasing the neighbors, birds, bees, and butterflies. Jonathan Yacko and Natalie Gilliard moved back to Chittenden, Vermont after living on Long Island for many years. Their 5-acre property in Chittenden had a sea of grass that required a whole day to cut. Wanting to do something different, they explained their issue of tiring cutting to a local friend who just happened to work for a company called American Lawns. It would cost the couple hundred dollars and require a fair amount of initial work, but the friend suggested they turn to a wildflower lawn that would grow on its own. They liked the idea and so got rid of an acre’s worth of grass, pulled out all the large stones, turned over the soil, threw down the contents of a 50-pound bag of wildflower seed containing 27 species, and then waited. In the next spring, they arrived, painting the landscape with various colors and wildlife. It started with an explosion of tiny white flowers, then came other colors: pink catchfly, bright orange sulphur cosmos, red columbine, and purple foxglove. The beauty of the lawn was striking, and soon it began to draw the local community’s attention. People expressed their gratitude for coloring their morning bus journey, people brought baked goods, flowers, and most importantly, for the two newcomers who had had difficulty meeting new people on Long Island, they brought friendship. Neighbors Jenna Baird and Jacob Powsner were so inspired by the lawn that they asked to work together with Yacko and Gilliard on seeding another acre on their property. 1. Why did the couple want to change their lawn at first? A. To narrow the size of the lawn. B. To make it different from others. C. To entertain people and wildlife. D. To avoid time-consuming cutting. 2. What did the couple’s friend advise them to do? A. Turn to the lawn company. B. Plant a self-sustaining lawn. C. Get rid of most of the grass. D. Grow more kinds of flowers. 3. What did the new lawn bring? A. More work opportunities. B. A donated public space. C. Enhanced local biodiversity. D. A popular friendship center. 4. What does the author want to convey through the story? (文章寓意题) A. You harvest what you sow. B. Actions speak louder than words. C. Rome wasn’t built in a day. D. The early bird catches the worm. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第8页，共24页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解---记叙文 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 记叙文五年高考考情统计 【知能解读 02 】 记叙文五年高考考情解读 【知能解读 03 】 阅读理解记叙文高频题型 【知能解读 04 】 阅读理解记叙文选项特点 【知能解读 05 】 阅读理解记叙文解题思路 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 人物性格题 【重难点突破 0 2 】 活动评价题 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 文章寓意题 【易混易错 0 2 】 猜测词义题 【易混易错 0 3 】 标题概括题 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【方法技巧 0 1 】 阅读理解 记叙 文答题误区 【方法技巧 0 2 】 阅读理解 记叙 文误区应对 【方法技巧 0 3 】 阅读理解 记叙 文满分策略 ) 01记叙文五年高考考情统计 卷别 主题 话题 词数 细节 理解题 猜测 词义题 推理 判断题 主旨 大意题 2025全国一卷 人与自我 讲述了师生“教学相长”的故事 303+106 1 1 2 2025全国二卷 人与社会 讲述了医学院教师的工作情况 308+105 2 1 1 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 中医针灸治疗动物尝试获好评 304+127 2 1 1 2023新课标I卷 人与自然 利用自然的自我修复净化污水 341+134 2 1 1 2023新课标II卷 人与社会 学校园艺项目培养学生科学力 273+126 1 2 1 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 DIY有希望成为女性潮流趋势 279+138 2 1 1 2023全国乙卷 人与自我 风景摄影师在摄影途中的趣闻 312+141 1 3 2022新课标II卷 人与社会 资深媒体记者生活趣事及感想 324+130 3 1 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍发现悉尼发展遇到的问题 340+152 1 2 1 2021新课标I卷 人与自我 介绍为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作 327+106 3 1 2021新课标II卷 人与自然 作者在家全天候照顾老虎幼崽 316+120 2 1 1 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 结识了玩滑板的朋友融入社区 337+139 1 3 02记叙文五年高考考情解读 1.题型解读 记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为表达方式的文章。一篇记叙文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和过程，表达作者的某种情感。主要具有以下特点： 内容上，记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。 命题上，主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。 选材上，新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。 形式上，顺叙、倒叙、插叙。 语言上，一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。 2.体裁结构 ①记叙文的开头通常交代事件的背景，即事件发生的时间、地点、有关人物等内容。 ②记叙文的展开（中间）通常以人物活动的时间顺序、空间位置变换、事件发生的顺序或人物的主次性格特征为行文线索。 ③记叙文的结尾通常是依照事件的发生、发展和结局这样一个自然的顺序来结尾。 3.写作意图 ①讲述故事 ( tell / narrate / relate a story) ②分享经验  (share an experience) ③纪念人物 (remember a person) ④阐明道理 (communicate an idea / convey a message) 03阅读理解记叙文高频题型 04阅读理解记叙文选项特点 1.正确选项特征 同义替换 与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达 信息归纳 对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了 原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单 2.干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容 曲解文意 极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误 05阅读理解记叙文解题思路 1.关注细节  记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。  2.注重联系  在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。  3.读懂表象 主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from …?”或是What does the author imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。  4.挖掘意义  每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。 01 人物性格题 1.题型解读 无论是叙事型或者记人型阅读理解记叙文，往往都涉及到人们或者公众对其人生事迹或贡献评价，选项多用一个形容词或者两个并列的形容词。注意人物性格形容词往往与具体行为、态度直接关联。 分类 例词 正面评价 brave勇敢的kind善良的optimistic乐观的reliable可靠的determined坚定的humorous幽默的generous慷慨的reserved内敛的ambitious有野心的sensitive敏感的creative有创造性的 负面评价 odd古怪的rude粗鲁的stubborn固执的selfish自私的impatient不耐烦的cowardly懦弱的 2.命题方式 设问方式以“Which of the following best describes...?”等引出问题。 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? (2024新课标I卷) 22. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? (2019全国I卷) 3.解题步骤 阅读理解记叙文“人物性格描述题”的最优处理方法： 第一、先整体把握文章大意、人物经历、事迹贡献、人物反馈，多为弘扬“真善美”主旋律主题。 第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。 第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，多为并列型，一对一错，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。 跟踪训练1　(2024新课标I卷阅读B片段) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. … 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词some of Farber’s coworkers，think of him。 第二步：根据关键词定位到第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。unusual=odd，同义替换。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练2　(2019全国I卷阅读B片段) … Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves. “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词describes, Whaley as a teacher。 第二步：根据关键词定位到倒数第二段“Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.(威利的这个二年级总统竞选项目的灵感来自于他有一天让孩子们举起手，如果他们认为自己永远不会成为总统。)”和“He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.(他想让这些孩子学会自我吹嘘。)”可知，这位老师很关心学生的成长。wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves-is caring，高度概括，积极评价。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 02 活动评价题 1.题型解读 ①“活动评价题”试题大多出现在记叙文最后一题； ②属于复杂细节理解题，可能会涉及阅读材料多处； ③常见命题形式：Which of the following best describes…? 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? (2023新课标I卷) 26. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home? (2021新课标II卷) 2.解题策略 阅读理解记叙文“活动评价题”的最优处理方法： 第一、先通读全文把握主旨，重点了解相关事件的前因后果和来龙去脉，为后续处理做铺垫。 第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词，注意提炼态度倾向。 第三、比对选项形容词的褒贬性，采用“排除法”，去伪存真确定答案。 跟踪训练1 (2023新课标I卷B篇片段) … Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词describes, the impact of the program。 第二步：根据关键词定位到最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。far-reaching意义深远的predictable可预测的short-lived短暂的unidentifiable不可识别的。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练 (2023全国乙卷B篇) … One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词author，find，his photos taken at Devil’s Lake。 第二步：根据关键词定位到最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 01文章寓意题 1.命题形式 文章寓意题属于文章整体阅读，属于主旨概括题，类似于中心大意题。一方面，需要考生研读全文把握大意。另一方面需要吃透选项字面意思和言外之意方能把二者有效结合起来做出最佳选择。 27. What does the author’s experience show? (2025全国一卷) 45. What message does Tara's story convey? (2023天津卷) 2.解题策略 ①平时多注意收集英语谚语并吃透其字面意思和言外之意，有备无患； ②仔细阅读文本，把握大意，尤其是关注记叙文尾段，多是感想或体会； ③把文章大意和四个选项内容逐一进行比对，逐个排除，筛选出最佳答案。 3.常用英语格言 英语谚语 汉语 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。 Well begun is half done. 好的开始是成功的一半。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，医生远离我。 Beauty lies in the love's eyes. 情人眼里出西施。 Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意日。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，为时未晚。 One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。 Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 跟踪训练1 (2021全国甲卷第23题) … I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 27. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the author’s experience show。 第二步：根据题干关键词定位到最后一段“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning(教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。Teaching is learning. 教学相长。Still waters run deep. 静水流深。Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 第三步：比对选项得出答案A。 跟踪训练2 (2023天津卷B篇) I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race. I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it. I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past. My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water. Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts. Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy. Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip. I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … 45. What message does Tara's story convey? A. It's never too young to learn. B. A passionate interest works wonders. C. Hard work will pay off in the long run. D. Like mother, like daughter. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词messag，Tara's story convey。 第二步：根据题干关键词定位到最后一段“I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra … (我开始满怀热情地练习小提琴，技艺提升很快。不久之后，我就赢得了社区管弦乐队的首席席位……)”结合全文内容可知，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。It's never too young to learn. 活到老，学到老。Hard work will pay off in the long run. 长期来看，努力总会有回报。Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 02 猜测词义题 在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种:名词(短语)指代题和代词指代题。本专题我们就如何解答名词(短语)指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。 1.思维导图 3.猜测技巧 ①利用释义法猜词 在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。 ②利用构词法猜词 英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。 ③利用因果关系猜词 若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。 ⑥利用对比关系猜词 运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。 ⑤利用语境法解题 有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。 ⑥利用同义关系解题 画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。 ⑦利用生活常识解题 在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。 3.解题思路 在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如:要求考生指出代词it，they，one等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到: 原文定位：返回原文，找出指代词。 左顾右盼：找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子（90%以上都是往前找答案）。 替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。3.替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。 跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷B篇) … As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. … 26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词staggering, paragraph 3，mean。 第二步：根据题干定位到第三段“The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (结果是staggering。学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可知，学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing(惊人的)”语义一致。 第三步：比对选项得出答案B。 跟踪训练2 (2025全国二卷B篇) … There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” … 26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词it, paragraph 4。 第二步：根据题干定位到根据文章第四段划线词所在句“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)”可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 03 记叙文选标题 阅读理解记叙文选标题这个类型不是频繁出现，但是难度不小，需要整体把控记叙文的文章结构、文章线索、选项特点做出自己的判断。 1.思维导图 2.解题思路 ①主题句法 记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。 ②关键词法 全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的关键词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 ③逆向思维法 在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，逐一排除，缩小范围，接近的即为正确选项。 跟踪训练1 (2023新课标I卷B篇) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词suitable title, for the text。 第二步：根据题干定位到文章首段和尾段：根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比•哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。选项A干扰项较强，主要错在rescue一词。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 跟踪训练2 (2019全国III卷B篇) For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. "It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. "China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China; some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways." 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词suitable，title for the text。 第二步：根据题干定位到文章首段和尾段：本文通过Amanda Hill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。中国文化为西方时尚提供灵感、影响国际时尚趋势，体现了“中国文化与国际时尚”的核心关系，符合全文主旨。因此“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。 第三步：比对选项得出答案D。 01 阅读理解记叙文答题误区 1.忽视文章整体主旨，纠结局部细节 考生在阅读记叙文时，容易过度关注文中的个别细节，如特定的事件、对话或描述，却忽略了从整体上把握文章的主旨大意。 以 2023 年新高考 I 卷中关于 John Todd 的记叙文为例，文章围绕 John Todd 受自然启发，利用生态原理设计机器处理污水等内容展开，主旨在于展现他的生态设计理念和实践成果。有的考生在答题时，只关注到他从自然现象中发现问题（如污水变清）这一细节，在回答 “John Todd 工作的基础是什么” 这类涉及主旨理解的题目时，误选 “某些植物能捕获有害细菌” 等选项，而忽视了 “自然能自我修复” 这一贯穿全文的核心要点，没有从整体理解 John Todd 的工作是基于对自然自我修复机制的运用。 2.未准确理解题干要求，答非所问 部分考生在阅读题干时不够仔细，未能准确把握题目所问的核心内容，导致回答与问题不匹配。 以 2025 年全国高考一卷的写作课记叙文里，题目问 “学生创作故事效果惊人的原因” ，正确思路应从老师布置作业的要求、学生对作业的兴趣等方面思考。但有些考生因未理解题干，从学生自身写作能力等无关角度作答，忽略了老师改变作业要求（如让学生选择健康相关话题写说服性文章）这一关键因素，使得答案偏离要点。 3.混淆人物情感态度，主观臆断 记叙文常涉及人物的情感态度，考生容易根据自己的主观想法去判断，而没有依据文章中人物的具体言行、所处情境以及作者的描述来分析。 2023 年新高考 II 卷中关于学校花园项目 Urban Sprouts 的文章，讲述该项目帮助学生发展多种能力。在分析学生对项目的情感态度时，有的考生未依据文中 “学生起初害怕昆虫、嫌弃泥土，但后来参与其中” 等描述，而是主观认为学生一开始就积极喜欢，在回答相关情感态度题目时出错，没有准确把握学生情感的变化过程。 4.被选项干扰，脱离文本判断 阅读理解的选项常设置干扰项，部分考生容易被看似合理但与原文不符的选项迷惑，没有紧扣文本内容进行分析判断。 2025 年全国高考二卷中关于教师 Kathy H的记叙文，若题目问Kathy H对自己工作的看法，干扰选项可能会提及一些常见的教师工作特点，但与 Kathy H在医院教学的特殊情况不符。有的考生不依据文中 Kathy H对自己工作特殊性质的描述，被干扰项误导，做出错误选择 。 02 阅读理解记叙文误区应对 1.主旨理解偏差 应对办法：通读全文后，思考文章讲述的核心人物和主要事件，提炼出中心思想；重点关注文章开头、结尾以及每段的关键句，这些地方常体现文章主旨；还可将各段落内容进行概括，梳理它们之间的关联，从而准确把握文章主旨。 2.审题不清答非所问 应对办法：认真研读题干，圈画出关键词，明确题目所问是原因、结果、态度还是其他方面；答题前再次确认题干要求，确保回答内容与问题匹配；如果题干涉及对某个细节的理解，要精准定位到原文相关段落和语句后再作答。 3.人物情感态度误判 应对办法：圈画出描写人物语言、动作、心理活动的语句，以及文中描述场景、氛围的词汇。例如，上述花园项目文章里，关注学生从 “害怕昆虫、嫌弃泥土” 到 “积极参与” 的变化语句；留意作者议论时所用的形容词、副词，像 “fortunately”“surprisingly” 等，从这些词句中准确把握人物情感态度。 4.受干扰项误导 应对办法：将选项与原文进行细致比对，分析选项每个部分是否都能在原文找到依据；遇到含绝对化词汇（如 “only”“never”“all”）的选项要格外留意，除非原文明确表述，否则很可能是错误选项；对于观点类题目，分清是作者观点还是文中其他人的观点，避免混淆。 03 阅读理解记叙文满分策略 1.阅读理解记叙文细节理解题居多，落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”。 2.阅读理解记叙文重视首尾段作用，尤其是标题概括题和写作意图题。 3.猜词词义题注意运用“代入法”“排除法”从逻辑性和褒贬性出发。 4.文章寓意题选项字面意思和言外之意与文章主旨结合，去伪存真。 5.性格描述题注意原文定位，找到动词或形容词描述，确定最佳答案。 6.标题概括题注意文章线索点睛作用，兼有概括性、新颖性和针对性。 ( 阅读理解 记叙 文 综合能力提升 ) 真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维 01 (2025八省联考卷) Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? (人物性格题) A. He’s open-minded. B. He’s sharp-eyed. C. He’s warm-hearted. D. He’s strong-willed. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? (猜测词义题) A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 26. What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? A. He drove Butch to its owner. B. He sent presents to his friends. C. He prepared a retirement party. D. He said goodbye to the neighbors. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。 24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns (草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他把杂货搬进来；他注意到那些没锁的门，提供园艺方面的建议，还教了几个小男孩曲球的艺术。当他不做这些事情的时候，吉姆会跑过棋盘状的绿色草坪，以确保当地的邮政服务不会达不到每天的承诺)”可推知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C项。 25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词句“Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on.(虽然邮政服务现在经常disparaged，但人们对当地邮政服务的信任仍然存在)”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评，由此表明，邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。由此可知，划线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B项。 26.细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories.(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱)”可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外，还向邻居们告别。故选D项。 27. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A项。 02 (2024浙江1月卷) When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? (猜测词义题) A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. 25. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice. C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition. 26. What do we know about the “mini community library”? A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection. C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month. 27. Why did the author start to use the “library”? A. He wanted to borrow some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C. He found there were excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 【答案】24. B25. A26. B27. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。 24.词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。 25.细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。 26.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.(最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图书。故选B。 27.细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。 模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考 03（2025·江西·二模） While touring Mississippi in an old car, John Ingall and his wife, Jane, discovered a plant that would change their lives — the hardshell gourd (葫芦). At first, it was mere curiosity, but soon, they saw gourds everywhere — carved, hanging, glowing as lanterns. Drawn to them, John, a lifelong farmer, decided to try growing them. Back in Warwickshire, he planted a few seeds among his tomatoes. The plants grew quickly, reaching six feet tall. Weeks later, he found large gourds hidden among the leaves. Since then, he has harvested about a hundred gourds each year, each with a different shape — some long and thin, others round. Unexpectedly, Ingall had been trying to retire when he first discovered gourds. After managing two farms — one from Jane’s family and another for growing crops — he had always planned to stop working at 65. Unlike many farmers who never retire, he wanted to find a new interest. Farming had been his childhood dream, despite his parents’ objections. They, shaped by the Great Depression, had hoped he would take an office job. Yet, his love for rural life never faded. Over 45 years, he moved from dairy to beef, then organic farming, and finally letting the land return to nature. Change, he welcomed — but only in a controlled manner. Yet gourds pushed him beyond his comfort zone. “Not until I started working on them did I realize — I am an artist!” said John. Now, as one of the few gourd artists in the U. K., he creates lanterns with colored glass, astonishing visitors. As well as selling gourds through his personal studio, John markets them at art fairs, donating profits to fight the climate crisis. “It’s very satisfying. Gourds are an entirely sustainable material for many types of art, and every gourd is unique,” he says. “I enjoy growing them. It’s amazing what you can do with gourds.” 1. What motivated John to plant gourds? A. His wife’s encouragement. B. His desire for a new interest. C. His fascination with the plant. D. His longing for a big harvest. 2. What do we know about John? A. He resisted the life change. B. He favored organic farming. C. He had little interest in retiring. D. He went against his parents will. 3. What do gourds mean to John? A. A bond with people. B. A passion of lifetime. C. A means of earning money. D. A source of inspiration. 4. Which of the following can best describe John? (人物性格题) A. Humorous and caring. B. Talented and generous. C. Committed and humble. D. Ambitious and sensitive. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了约翰邂逅葫芦并为之着迷，从而开始种植并利用葫芦创作艺术品的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, it was mere curiosity, but soon, they saw gourds everywhere — carved, hanging, glowing as lanterns. Drawn to them, John, a lifelong farmer, decided to try growing them.(起初，他们只是好奇，但很快，他们看到到处都是葫芦——雕刻的，悬挂的，像灯笼一样发光。一生务农的约翰被它们所吸引，决定尝试种植它们)”可知，约翰被葫芦所吸引才决定尝试种植它们。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Farming had been his childhood dream, despite his parents’ objections. They, shaped by the Great Depression, had hoped he would take an office job. Yet, his love for rural life never faded.(尽管父母反对，务农一直是他童年的梦想。受经济大萧条影响，他们希望他能找到一份办公室工作。然而，他对乡村生活的热爱从未消退)”可知约翰违背父母的意愿，从事了农业。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““It’s very satisfying. Gourds are an entirely sustainable material for many types of art, and every gourd is unique,” he says. “I enjoy growing them. It’s amazing what you can do with gourds.”(“这非常令人满意。对于许多类型的艺术来说，葫芦都是一种完全可持续的材料，每一个葫芦都是独一无二的，”他说。“我喜欢种植它们。用葫芦能做的事真是太神奇了。”)”可知，对于约翰而言每个葫芦都是独特的，都是他艺术创作的灵感来源。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Now, as one of the few gourd artists in the U. K., he creates lanterns with colored glass, astonishing visitors.(现在，作为英国为数不多的葫芦艺术家之一，他用彩色玻璃制作灯笼，令游客惊叹不已)”和最后一段“As well as selling gourds through his personal studio, John markets them at art fairs, donating profits to fight the climate crisis.(除了通过他的个人工作室出售葫芦，约翰还在艺术博览会上推销葫芦，并将利润捐赠给应对气候危机)”可知，约翰不仅富有艺术天分而且慷慨。故选B。 04（2025·浙江·二模） Off the coast of Santa Barbara — Just yards from the Fish 1,a 22-foot research ship, a humpback whale about twice the size of the boat threw itself out of the water, sending shining droplets in a broken necklace of splash. In the other direction, a cargo ship, piled high with containers, crept closer. Aboard the Fish 1, a slight figure whose face is wrinkled from years in the sun and saltwater, looked from one to the other. Ocean scientist Douglas McCauley wanted to see whether the near real-time detection system he and his colleagues had developed, Whale Safe, could prevent crashes between whales and ships in the Santa Barbara Channel. By collecting data from several sources, Whale Safe forecasts to ships the chances of meeting a whale and then grades shipping companies on whether they actually slow down during whale migrations. “We can literally watch all of the ships in California and across the whole ocean; we are better positioned than ever before to try to track damage before it occurs,” McCauley said, “We are in trouble if we don’t do something different, and I realized that if I kept sticking my head literally underwater or stayed in the lab, these problems weren’t going to fix themselves.” Humans have worked in the seas for centuries. But as development has intensified and the planet has warmed, the 43-year-old McCauley has dared to brave the gray area between scientific research and advocacy to try to fix these problems — or at least make them visible. “One of Doug’s notable qualities as a scientist is that he is keen to explore outside the box,” said Benjamin Halpern, a professor of marine biology and ocean conservation who has worked with McCauley for about a decade. “He is a very creative thinker, and able to think differently about the solutions to problems and what kinds of research and science can help inform those.” 1. Why are the whale and the ship mentioned in paragraph.1? A. To tell a story. B. To describe a scene. C. To provide an example. D. To make a comparison. 2. What do we know about Whale Safe? A. It alarms the whales about the presence of ships. B. It offers data-driven warnings to the ships. C. It grades shipping companies all year around. D. It records crashes between whales and ships. 3. What can we infer from McCauley’ words? A. Preventive measures are critical to whale protection. B. Conventional approaches prove effective in damage tracking. C. Underwater investigation guarantees real-time ocean monitoring. D. Laboratory research provides valuable solutions to ocean problems. 4. Which of the following can best describe Douglas McCauley? (人物性格题) A. Courageous and hard-working. B. Adventurous and open-minded. C. Competitive and forward-looking. D. Innovative and solution-oriented. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了海洋科学家道格拉斯·麦考利开发Whale Safe系统，通过实时监测和数据收集，减少船只与鲸鱼的碰撞，保护海洋生态的故事。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Off the coast of Santa Barbara — Just yards from the Fish 1, a 22-foot research ship, a humpback whale about twice the size of the boat threw itself out of the water, sending shining droplets in a broken necklace of splash. In the other direction, a cargo ship, piled high with containers, crept closer.(在圣巴巴拉海岸外，距离22英尺长的科考船“鱼1号”仅几码远的地方，一条大约有船两倍大的座头鲸跃出水面，飞溅出闪闪发光的水珠，形成一条破碎的项链。在另一个方向，一艘堆满了集装箱的货船慢慢靠近)”可推知，第一段通过描述鲸鱼跃出水面和货船靠近的场景，为读者呈现了一幅生动的画面。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“By collecting data from several sources, Whale Safe forecasts to ships the chances of meeting a whale and then grades shipping companies on whether they actually slow down during whale migrations.( 通过从多个来源收集数据，鲸鱼安全组织预测船只遇到鲸鱼的机会，然后根据航运公司在鲸鱼迁徙期间是否真的放慢了速度，对它们进行评级)”可知，Whale Safe通过收集多个来源的数据，向船只预测遇到鲸鱼的可能性，即它向船只提供基于数据的警告。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段““We can literally watch all of the ships in California and across the whole ocean; we are better positioned than ever before to try to track damage before it occurs,” McCauley said, “We are in trouble if we don’t do something different, and I realized that if I kept sticking my head literally underwater or stayed in the lab, these problems weren’t going to fix themselves.”(“我们真的可以看到加州和整个海洋的所有船只；麦考利说：“如果我们不采取不同的措施，我们就会陷入麻烦。我意识到，如果我一直把头埋在水下，或者呆在实验室里，这些问题不会自己解决。”)”可知，麦考利认为他们能够在损害发生之前进行追踪，而且如果不采取不同的措施就会有麻烦。由此推知，预防措施对于鲸鱼保护至关重要。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““One of Doug’s notable qualities as a scientist is that he is keen to explore outside the box,” said Benjamin Halpern, a professor of marine biology and ocean conservation who has worked with McCauley for about a decade. “He is a very creative thinker, and able to think differently about the solutions to problems and what kinds of research and science can help inform those.”(“作为一名科学家，道格最显著的品质之一是，他热衷于在常规之外进行探索，”海洋生物学和海洋保护学教授本杰明·哈尔彭说，他与麦考利一起工作了大约十年。“他是一个非常有创造力的思想家，能够从不同的角度思考问题的解决方案，以及什么样的研究和科学可以帮助解决这些问题。”)”可知，道格拉斯·麦考利是一个有创造力的思想家，能够以不同的方式思考问题的解决方案。由此推知，他具有创新精神和解决问题的能力。故选D项。 05（2025·吉林·二模） For the past three years, my mother battled cancer in silence. When she learned of her diagnosis, she chose not to tell anyone in our family. She did not want us to worry, so she carried the burden alone. I only noticed her fatigue and thinning hair, but she always smiled and insisted that everything was fine. Every morning, she would rise before dawn to prepare breakfast for me and my father. I remember the smell of pancakes and freshly brewed coffee filling the kitchen, masking the bitter taste of her reality. She would slip away to her treatments, returning home with a tired smile and dark circles under her eyes. I asked her about the bruises (淤青) on her arms and she simply said they were from clumsy moments. Despite her pain and growing weakness, my mother devoted herself to my happiness. Every year, as my birthday approached, she carefully selected a special gift, wrapped it in bright paper, and placed it in the garage (车库). She even painted a small wooden sign above the tool cabinet and hung the key on a hook. On its tag, she wrote, “Open after I die.” This secret tradition remained between her and the boxes of presents waiting silently in the garage. Last month, my mother passed away. I was preparing to leave for college out of state, hoping to see her proud smile as I walked onto the campus. Instead, I returned home to an empty house filled with stillness and echoes of her laughter. My greatest regret is that she never got to see me begin this new chapter of my life. Grief weighed heavily on my heart as I struggled to accept her absence. A week after the funeral, I remembered the garage key. With trembling hands, I walked into the cluttered space. Behind the old lawnmower and stacked boxes, I found a row of neatly arranged gifts, one for each birthday she had planned. On the wall above them hung a photograph of her and me, smiling at the beach when I was a child. Beneath the photo, in her familiar handwriting, were the words, “Happy Birthday, son. May happiness fill each day!” 1. For approximately how long did the mother bear her illness in secret? A. Roughly two years. B. Less than twelve months. C. Over thirty-six months. D. Under eighteen months. 2. In which part of the house did she hide the birthday presents? A. Under the bedroom floorboards. B. Within the home’s external storage area. C. Tucked behind the basement furnace. D. Concealed in the linen closet. 3. Which of the following best captures the narrator’s deepest remorse? A. She didn’t witness his beginning at university. B. She never documented her final wishes. C. She forgot to tell him the truth before passing. D. She failed to leave a parting letter. 4. Which title most fittingly conveys the story’s theme? (标题概括题) A. A Silent Protector B. Gifts Left in Waiting C. Shadows of Sorrow D. The Key to Unspoken Love 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者母亲在过去的三年里默默与癌症抗争的故事，详细描述了母亲在患病期间如何努力维持正常生活，不让家人担心，以及她为作者生日精心准备礼物的秘密传统，展现了母爱的伟大和深沉，以及作者对母亲的怀念和遗憾。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For the past three years, my mother battled cancer in silence. When she learned of her diagnosis, she chose not to tell anyone in our family.(在过去的三年里，我的母亲一直在默默地与癌症作斗争。当她得知自己的诊断结果时，她选择不告诉我们家里的任何人。)”可知，母亲隐瞒病情的时间是三年，即超过36个月。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Every year, as my birthday approached, she carefully selected a special gift, wrapped it in bright paper, and placed it in the garage (车库).(每年，在我生日临近的时候，她都会精心挑选一份特别的礼物，用鲜艳的包装纸包好，然后把它放在车库里。)”以及最后一段“A week after the funeral, I remembered the garage key. With trembling hands, I walked into the cluttered space. Behind the old lawnmower and stacked boxes, I found a row of neatly arranged gifts, one for each birthday she had planned.(葬礼结束一周后，我想起了车库的钥匙。我颤抖着双手，走进了杂乱的车库。在旧割草机和堆放的箱子后面，我发现了一排摆放整齐的礼物，每一份都是她为我计划好的每个生日准备的。)”可知，母亲把生日礼物藏在了车库里。因此，母亲把生日礼物藏在了房屋的外部存储区域。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Last month, my mother passed away. I was preparing to leave for college out of state, hoping to see her proud smile as I walked onto the campus. Instead, I returned home to an empty house filled with stillness and echoes of her laughter. My greatest regret is that she never got to see me begin this new chapter of my life.(上个月，我的母亲去世了。我当时正准备去外州上大学，本希望在我走进校园时能看到她骄傲的笑容。然而，我回到家，看到的却是一所空荡荡的房子，弥漫着寂静，回荡着她曾经的笑声。我最大的遗憾是，她没能看到我开启人生的新篇章。)”可知，作者准备去外州上大学，本希望母亲能看到自己走进大学校园，看到她骄傲的笑容，然而母亲却去世了，没能看到作者开启人生的新篇章。所以作者最深的懊悔是母亲没能见证他进入大学。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者的母亲与癌症默默抗争，以及她对作者深沉的爱的故事。尽管身体虚弱痛苦，母亲仍一心为作者的幸福着想，每年作者生日临近时，她都会精心挑选礼物，藏在车库里，并在工具柜上方画小木牌，挂上车库钥匙，还在钥匙牌上写着“在我去世后打开”。选项D“The Key to Unspoken Love(无言的爱的钥匙)”中的“钥匙”指的是车库的钥匙，它打开了母亲为儿子准备的生日礼物，而这些礼物以及母亲独自承受病痛的行为都体现了她对儿子无言却深沉的爱。这个标题既包含了文章中的关键物品“钥匙”，又准确地传达了文章关于母亲对儿子的爱的主题。故选D。 06（2025·河北保定·一模） Jamie Mittelman was outside all the time as a kid growing up in Dover, Massachusetts. Sports and exercise were a big part of her childhood: Hiking and skiing with her family, running track and field at school, playing soccer. Mittelman’s second passion — working with international women and girls — was something she first explored in college as an international affairs and geography major and gender studies minor. Living in Chittagong, Bangladesh, Mittelman solidified her passion for working with this demographic (特定人群). As an English grammar teacher and project manager, Mittelman got involved with women from 13 Asian countries and helped them prepare for college. She saw them for the future leaders they were — strong, smart, and capable. “Working with these incredible women fueled my passion to champion women and girls, especially those from different contexts than my own.” “I’ve always been a huge fan of the Olympics,” she says. “I think they’re incredible, a time of great hope.” When COVID-19 hit and the games were postponed, with Harvard support, Mittelman launched her COVID-adaptation of her dream job: Flame Bearers, the first and only global storytelling platform for women Olympians and Paralympians. Flame Bearers is a podcast, website, and social media platform, bringing these athletes’ experiences to life, giving them a platform of celebration and an opportunity to share their learnings. Mittelman uses sport as a vehicle for issues such as pay equity, disability bias (偏见), or racial justice. What she did know was what she wanted the podcast to represent. Mittelman gave the example of a disabled Chilean table tennis player, Tamara Leonelli, explaining that the press doesn’t give her the time of day, let alone portray her in a way that doesn’t paint her with the pity brush. “I wanted to celebrate a diversity of region, ability, sport, fame, and then race, class, religion. And I wanted to portray them as whole people who do more than sports.” Mittelman says that lack of quality representation makes it near impossible for younger girls to see their future selves in someone who doesn’t “exist” today. 1. When did Mittelman commit to advocating for women and girls? A. When playing sports with her family. B. When doing gender studies in college. C. When working as a teacher and project manager. D. When preparing for the college examinations. 2. Why did Mittelman launch the Flame Bearers? A. To adjust to the impact of the delay of the Olympics. B. To gain fame by featuring women Olympians and Paralympians. C. To tell stories to cheer up women Olympians and Paralympians. D. To arouse people’s attention to women Olympians and Paralympians. 3. Mittelman mentioned the example of Tamara Leonelli to show ________. A. there is prejudice in sports media reporting B. there is less high-quality media coverage C. younger girls find it difficult to achieve their dreams D. women and disabled athletes can do better in Olympics 4. Which of the following words can best describe Mittelman? (人物性格题) A. Fearless and strict. B. Persevering and cautious. C. Passionate and careful. D. Supportive and determined. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了Jamie Mittelman致力于为妇女和女性权益发声的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As an English grammar teacher and project manager, Mittelman got involved with women from 13 Asian countries and helped them prepare for college. She saw them for the future leaders they were — strong, smart, and capable. ‘Working with these incredible women fueled my passion to champion women and girls, especially those from different contexts than my own.’(作为一名英语语法老师和项目经理，Mittelman结识了来自13个亚洲国家的女性，并帮助她们为大学做准备。她认为他们是未来的领导者——他们坚强、聪明、有能力。‘与这些不可思议的女性一起工作激发了我支持女性和女孩的热情，尤其是那些与我背景不同的女性。’)”可知，Mittelman是在当老师和项目经理时开始倡导妇女和女孩权益的，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mittelman launched her COVID-adaptation of her dream job: Flame Bearers, the first and only global storytelling platform for women Olympians and Paralympians. Flame Bearers is a podcast, website, and social media platform, bringing these athletes’ experiences to life, giving them a platform of celebration and an opportunity to share their learnings.(Mittelman推出了她梦想工作的COVID改编版：Flame Bearers，这是第一个也是唯一一个面向女性奥运会运动员和残奥会运动员的全球讲故事平台。Flame Bearers是一个播客、网站和社交媒体平台，使这些运动员的经历更加生动，给他们一个庆祝的平台和分享他们学习的机会)”可知，Flame Bearers是一个面向女性奥运会运动员和残奥会运动员的全球讲故事平台，故Mittelman发起Flame Bearers是为了唤起人们对奥运会和残奥会女运动员的关注，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mittelman gave the example of a disabled Chilean table tennis player, Tamara Leonelli, explaining that the press doesn’t give her the time of day, let alone portray her in a way that doesn’t paint her with the pity brush.(Mittelman以智利残疾乒乓球运动员Tamara Leonelli为例，解释说媒体不给她时间，更不用说用一种不带怜悯的方式来描述她了)”可知，媒体不愿花时间报道Tamara Leonelli，而且以带同情的方式描绘她，即媒体对残障运动员进行片面描述；由此可知，Mittelman提到Tamara Leonelli的例子是为了说明体育媒体报道中存在的偏见。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Working with these incredible women fueled my passion to champion women and girls, especially those from different contexts than my own.(与这些不可思议的女性一起工作激发了我支持妇女和女孩的热情，尤其是那些与我背景不同的女性)”和第三段中“Mittelman uses sport as a vehicle for issues such as pay equity, disability bias(偏见), or racial justice.(Mittelman将体育作为解决薪酬平等、残疾偏见或种族公正等问题的工具)”以及第三段中“When COVID-19 hit and the games were postponed, with Harvard support, Mittelman launched her COVID-adaptation of her dream job: Flame Bearers, the first and only global storytelling platform for women Olympians and Paralympians.(当COVID-19袭来，奥运会被推迟时，在Harvard的支持下，Mittelman推出了她梦想工作的COVID改编版：Flame Bearers，这是第一个也是唯一一个面向女性奥运会运动员和残奥会运动员的全球讲故事平台。)”可知，Mittelman支持妇女和女性权益，克服疫情影响推动平台发展，创建Flame Bearers；由此可知， Mittelman支持帮助他人且意志坚定，故选D。 07（2025·山东·二模） Did you know that an average Indian household wastes over 50 litres of water daily? At just 18, Mannat Kaur has found a way to change that. Mannat’s story towards sustainability began at home. Her parents had educated her in following a more sustainable path towards everyday events. This early exposure to sustainable practices laid the foundation for her later efforts. However, Mannat’s passion for water recycling was sparked by a first-hand experience in 2016. “I saw people struggling for two days during a supply shortage in Delhi’s canals, searching for water and carrying their pots,” recalls Mannat. Determined to find a solution, 10-year-old Mannat started researching. She surveyed 400 people to understand barriers to greywater (洗涤水) recycling. Mannat found that people were willing to have a recycling system, but the limitations and the lack of knowledge stopped them from doing so. Driven by a desire to bridge this gap, Mannat began a mission. Her innovation, a decentralised greywater recycling system, comprises two key components: the Bilge Vessel (BV) and the Scupper Valve (SV). The Scupper Valve, a compact device placed in the floor drain, collects shower and kitchen greywater, which is then pumped to the Bilge Vessel or filtration (过滤). The Bilge Vessel is a three-bucket filtration system that purifies water using natural filter media. “The Bilge Vessel stores the recycled water, which can be used for non-drinking operations and activities that require non-human contact like irrigation, mopping, car washing, etc,” shares Mannat. The impact of Mannat’s system is evident in her own home, where the prototype has been functioning for two years. For a family of four, the system saves 5,000 to 6,000 litres of potable water per month, effectively recycling 50%of their water demand. Furthermore, her decentralised approach significantly reduces carbon emissions compared to traditional centralised sewage treatment systems. Mannat Kaur’s journey is an inspiring example of how youthful innovation, coupled with a deep understanding of real-world problems, can lead to impactful solutions. Her greywater recycling system addresses water scarcity and promotes a sustainable lifestyle, making her a true champion of environmental stewardship. 1. What inspired Mannat to focus on water recycling? A. A scientific project. B. Delhi’s water crisis. C. Her parents’ advice. D. A household practice. 2. What was a problem with greywater recycling according to the survey? A. Lack of government funding. B. Public disinterest in recycling C. Great distance between families. D. Challenges in knowledge and methods. 3. How does Mannat’s creation work? A. By collecting, filtering and storing. B. By treating, purifying, and storing. C. By reducing, recycling and reusing. D. By pumping, filtering and dumping. 4. Which might be the best title for the text? (标题概括题) A. Reducing Pollution in Households B. Personal Efforts in Water Conservation C. A Teen’s Innovation for Water Recycling D. The History of Pollution Treatment Systems 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了18岁的Mannat Kaur受德里供水短缺事件的启发，通过研究发明了一种分散式洗涤水回收系统，以解决水资源短缺问题，并在自己家中取得了显著成效，她的创新之旅激励着人们通过创新解决实际问题。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段““I saw people struggling for two days during a supply shortage in Delhi’s canals, searching for water and carrying their pots,” recalls Mannat.(“我看到在德里运河供水短缺期间，人们挣扎了两天，四处找水，提着水罐，”Mannat回忆说)” 及第二段“Determined to find a  solution, 10-year-old Mannat started researching. She surveyed 400  people to understand barriers to greywater (洗涤水) recycling.(决心找到一个解决方案，10岁的Mannat开始研究。她调查了400人，以了解中水回收的障碍)”可知，德里的水危机激发了Mannat对水回收的关注。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mannat found that people were willing to have a recycling system, but the limitations and the lack of knowledge stopped them from doing so.(Mannat发现人们愿意有一个回收系统，但限制和知识的缺乏阻止了他们这样做)”可知，根据调查，洗涤水回收的问题是知识和方法上的挑战。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Her  innovation, a decentralised greywater recycling system, comprises two  key components: the Bilge Vessel (BV) and the Scupper Valve (SV). The  Scupper Valve, a compact device placed in the floor drain, collects  shower and kitchen greywater, which is then pumped to the Bilge Vessel  or filtration (过滤).  The Bilge Vessel is a three-bucket filtration system that purifies  water using natural filter media. “The Bilge Vessel stores the recycled  water, which can be used for non-drinking operations and activities that  require non-human contact like irrigation, mopping, car washing, etc,”  shares Mannat.(她的创新是一个分散的灰水回收系统，由两个关键部件组成：舱底容器（BV）和排污阀（SV）。排污阀是一种安装在地漏处的小型装置，用于收集淋浴和厨房的灰水，然后将其泵入舱底容器或过滤系统。舱底容器是一个三桶过滤系统，使用天然过滤介质净化水。曼纳特说：“舱底容器储存了循环水，这些循环水可以用于非饮用操作和需要非人类接触的活动，如灌溉、拖地、洗车等。”)” 可知，Mannat的发明通过收集、过滤和储存来工作。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了18岁的Mannat Kaur受德里供水短缺事件的启发，通过研究发明了一种分散式洗涤水回收系统，以解决水资源短缺问题，并在自己家中取得了显著成效，她的创新之旅激励着人们通过创新解决实际问题。由此可知，“一个青少年的水循环创新”适合作本文最佳标题。故C。 08（2025·全国·模拟预测） When people ask me now why I’m not an Instagram user, I usually give a general response like, “I’m not really a social media person.” But the true reasons are more complicated. For a while, I quite liked this. I didn’t have to bother cultivating a perfect profile, and could enjoy a sense of moral superiority believing I didn’t buy into the same image-driven society as other teenagers. It’s true that I appeared to care less about popularity than some of my peers — if only because I’d always been on the outside loop. Admittedly, this may also be a reflection of my fixation on something else at school: studying. My satisfaction did not come from social media likes, but from teacher reports and test papers. Yet, over time, I have also felt the negative effects of my lack of social media presence. At school, as at university, it partly contributed to my status as a wallflower. Above all, it was isolating. Aside from a small circle of friends (fortunately, extremely good ones), I felt that people generally did not know me, or even know of me, and I didn’t know them. Would Instagram have helped me make friends more easily? Overall, I have a contradictory attitude towards my own lack of Instagram. In some ways, I feel that it has genuinely bettered my outlook on life, enabling me to resist constant comparison with others, but, at times, I have also felt it to be an unnecessary self-imposed social exclusion. The latter may reveal how deep-rooted social media has become in our times. For better or for worse, I did take a different route. I never created a social media presence. I never posted photos. I never watched how many likes they got. Whichever path I might have gone down, there are positives and negatives to both. But this is the choice I took. And that has made all the difference. 1. What does the underlined word “wallflower” represent in Paragraph 3? (猜测词义题) A. An outsider. B. An outgoing person. C. A garden plant in spring. D. A flower growing on the wall. 2. Which may be the negative effect of using Instagram? A. Making one isolated. B. Causing mental diseases. C. Cultivating dependent personality. D. Causing constant comparisons with others. 3. Which may the author agree with? A. Instagram is a must in social media age. B. Social media play a vital role in our times. C. Lack of social media makes people insecure. D. Instagram improves mental and physical health. 4. Which can best describe the author? (人物性格题) A. Independent-minded. B. Old-fashioned. C. Outgoing. D. Over-confident. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者没有使用社交媒体Instagram，并分析了其原因。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“At school, as at university, it partly contributed to my status as a wallflower. Above all, it was isolating. Aside from a small circle of friends (fortunately, extremely good ones), I felt that people generally did not know me, or even know of me, and I didn’t know them.(在中学，就像在大学一样，这在一定程度上促成了我作为wallflower的地位。最重要的是，这是一种孤立。除了一小群朋友（幸运的是，非常好的朋友），我觉得人们一般都不认识我，甚至不知道我，我也不认识他们)”可知，作者因没有使用Instagram等社交媒体，在学校处于一种孤立的状态，人们不了解他，他也不了解别人。由此可推知，“wallflower”在这里指的是像局外人一样的人。故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In some ways, I feel that it has genuinely bettered my outlook on life, enabling me to resist constant comparison with others(在某些方面，我觉得它确实改善了我的人生观，使我能够抵制不断与他人比较)”可知，作者认为没有使用Instagram等社交媒体使自己能够抵制与他人不断的比较，由此可推断使用Instagram可能会导致与他人不断比较。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The latter may reveal how deep-rooted social media has become in our times.(后者可能揭示了社交媒体在我们这个时代已经变得多么根深蒂固)”可知，作者认为社交媒体在当今时代已经根深蒂固，这表明作者认同社交媒体在我们这个时代发挥着重要作用。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文以及最后一段“For better or for worse, I did take a different route. I never created a social media presence. I never posted photos. I never watched how many likes they got. Whichever path I might have gone down, there are positives and negatives to both. But this is the choice I took. And that has made all the difference.(不管是好是坏，我确实选择了一条不同的路线。我从来没有创建过社交媒体。我从来没有发过照片。我从来没看过有多少人点赞。无论我走哪条路，都有积极和消极的一面。但这是我的选择。这让一切都不同了)”可知，作者能够在大家普遍使用社交媒体的时代，根据自己的思考和感受，坚持不使用Instagram，有自己独立的判断和想法，所以“Independent-minded(有独立思想的)”能最好地描述作者。故选A项。 09（2025·湖南长沙·三模） “Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!” The silver-haired driver behind me in a fancy truck rudely yelled at me. Without much thought, I yelled back at the man, “What? Are you in a rush or something? ” I was waiting in line at the drive-through to order our breakfast on a Sunday morning. There were only 12 inches or so between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast. What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me? I wanted to let my own anger go after this ridiculous exchange. But the more I thought about it, the angrier I got. I was angry that he yelled at a mother in front of two kids. My daughter and my son were both confused and saddened by what they had just witnessed. We were on our way to a soccer tournament, and we had a bonus day free from school and work. Probably, there was nothing in the world to be upset about. Then this man let his anger out. I told my kids I was so mad that I had to roll my window up so that I wouldn’t keep yelling at this guy. Then, I stopped and looked back. I had moved up the 12 or so inches at his “suggestion”, while he hadn’t moved an inch. Suddenly, I felt sympathy for him. He must have been suffering in some way. As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our order, I had an idea. “I heard how rude that man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth paying for,” the cashier said to me. “My kids support me in doing that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannot drive out hate. 1. Why was the driver angry with the author? A. Her car cut in. B. She held up his truck. C. Her car stopped suddenly. D. She screamed at him. 2. What does the author mainly tell us in paragraph 3? A. Why her anger kept growing. B. What her kids’ reaction was. C. How she calmed herself down D. Why she ordered the breakfast. 3. What was the author’s final decision? A. She taught her kids a lesson. B. She apologized to the driver. C. She paid for the driver’s food. D. She gave the cashier some advice 4. What does the author intend to convey in the text? (文章寓意题) A. Respond to hate with kindness B. Deal with a man as he deals with you. C. Put distance between your car and another. D. Never go to the drive-through at rush hours 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在驾车排队等待时，遭到后方司机的无理指责，作者虽然一度愤怒，但最后选择了以善意回应恶意的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!(‘嘿，女士！你现在可以把你的丑车往前挪挪了！’)”和第二段“There were only 12 inches or so between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast. What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me? (我的车前面大概只有12英寸左右的空间，那辆车前面还有三辆其他的车。我们几乎一动不动。他冲我大吼大叫，到底希望得到什么好处？)”可知，司机对作者生气是因为她阻碍了他的车子，尽管实际上前面的车都几乎没动，而作者与前车的距离只有12英寸左右，并没有造成阻碍。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“I wanted to let my own anger go after this ridiculous exchange. But the more I thought about it, the angrier I got. I was angry that he yelled at a mother in front of two kids. My daughter and my son were both confused and saddened by what they had just witnessed. We were on our way to a soccer tournament, and we had a bonus day free from school and work. Probably, there was nothing in the world to be upset about. Then this man let his anger out.(在这次荒谬的交流之后，我想放下自己的愤怒。但我越是想这件事，就越是愤怒。我生气的是，他竟然在两个孩子面前对一个母亲大吼大叫。我的女儿和儿子都对他们刚刚目睹的一切感到困惑和难过。我们正要去一个足球比赛，我们有一个额外的休息日，不用上学也不用工作。可能，世界上没有什么值得烦恼的。然后这个男人发泄了他的愤怒。)”可知，作者原本想要放下自己的愤怒，但经过反复思考后，愤怒反而加剧了。作者特别强调了这位男子在孩子们面前的行为对孩子们造成的负面影响，以及他们原本应该是一个开心的日子却因为这位男子的愤怒行为而被破坏。由此可知，第三段主要讲述了为什么作者越来越生气。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our order, I had an idea.(当我和孩子们慢慢走向取货窗口为我们的订单付款时，我有了一个主意。)”和文章最后一段“I heard how rude that man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth paying for,” the cashier said to me. (‘我听说那个人对你有多粗鲁，我想向你道歉，因为我不得不忍受他。他不值得为他付钱，’收银员对我说。)”可知，作者最后决定为那位粗鲁的司机支付早餐费，这是她对事件的最终回应。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。通过最后一段中““My kids support me in doing that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannot drive out hate.(‘我的孩子们支持我这样做，’我回答收银员，并补充说，仇恨不能驱除仇恨。)”，再结合文章内容可知，尽管那位司机对作者粗鲁，但是作者最终决定为他支付餐费；因此，作者想要传达的是以善意回应恶意。故选A项。 10（2025·全国·模拟预测） From a small Vermont countryside community comes the story of a couple who stopped cutting their massive lawn (草坪) and grew wildflowers instead, pleasing the neighbors, birds, bees, and butterflies. Jonathan Yacko and Natalie Gilliard moved back to Chittenden, Vermont after living on Long Island for many years. Their 5-acre property in Chittenden had a sea of grass that required a whole day to cut. Wanting to do something different, they explained their issue of tiring cutting to a local friend who just happened to work for a company called American Lawns. It would cost the couple hundred dollars and require a fair amount of initial work, but the friend suggested they turn to a wildflower lawn that would grow on its own. They liked the idea and so got rid of an acre’s worth of grass, pulled out all the large stones, turned over the soil, threw down the contents of a 50-pound bag of wildflower seed containing 27 species, and then waited. In the next spring, they arrived, painting the landscape with various colors and wildlife. It started with an explosion of tiny white flowers, then came other colors: pink catchfly, bright orange sulphur cosmos, red columbine, and purple foxglove. The beauty of the lawn was striking, and soon it began to draw the local community’s attention. People expressed their gratitude for coloring their morning bus journey, people brought baked goods, flowers, and most importantly, for the two newcomers who had had difficulty meeting new people on Long Island, they brought friendship. Neighbors Jenna Baird and Jacob Powsner were so inspired by the lawn that they asked to work together with Yacko and Gilliard on seeding another acre on their property. 1. Why did the couple want to change their lawn at first? A. To narrow the size of the lawn. B. To make it different from others. C. To entertain people and wildlife. D. To avoid time-consuming cutting. 2. What did the couple’s friend advise them to do? A. Turn to the lawn company. B. Plant a self-sustaining lawn. C. Get rid of most of the grass. D. Grow more kinds of flowers. 3. What did the new lawn bring? A. More work opportunities. B. A donated public space. C. Enhanced local biodiversity. D. A popular friendship center. 4. What does the author want to convey through the story? (文章寓意题) A. You harvest what you sow. B. Actions speak louder than words. C. Rome wasn’t built in a day. D. The early bird catches the worm. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇决定不再修剪他们的大草坪，而是种植野花，这一改变不仅给邻居们带来了欢乐，也吸引了鸟类、蜜蜂和蝴蝶等野生动物。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Their 5-acre property in Chittenden had a sea of grass that required a whole day to cut. Wanting to do something different, they explained their issue of tiring cutting to a local friend who just happened to work for a company called American Lawns. (他们在Chittenden的5英亩的物业上有一大片草地，需要花费整整一天的时间来修剪。因为想做些不同的事情，他们向一位恰好在American Lawns公司工作的当地朋友解释了令人劳累的修剪问题)”可知，这对夫妇改造草坪的初衷是想要避免耗时的草坪修剪工作。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It would cost the couple hundred dollars and require a fair amount of initial work, but the friend suggested they turn to a wildflower lawn that would grow on its own. They liked the idea and so got rid of an acre’s worth of grass, pulled out all the large stones, turned over the soil, threw down the contents of a 50-pound bag of wildflower seed containing 27 species, and then waited. (这对夫妇需要花费几百美元并进行相当数量的前期工作，但朋友建议他们改用一种能够自我生长的野花草坪。他们喜欢这个想法，于是清除了大约一英亩的草坪，拔出了所有大石头，翻动了土壤，撒下了一袋重达50磅、包含27种种子的野花种子，然后等待)”可知，朋友建议他们种一个可以自我维持的野花草坪。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In the next spring, they arrived, painting the landscape with various colors and wildlife. (第二年春天，它们到来，为这片土地染上了各种色彩和生机)”以及第五段中“The beauty of the lawn was striking, and soon it began to draw the local community’s attention. (草坪的美丽令人惊叹，很快吸引了当地社区的注意)”可知，新的草坪带来了各种颜色和野生动植物，美化了景观，并且很快引起了当地社区的注意，说明它增强了当地的生物多样性。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段中“People expressed their gratitude for coloring their morning bus journey, people brought baked goods, flowers, and most importantly, for the two newcomers who had had difficulty meeting new people on Long Island, they brought friendship. (人们表达了他们的感谢，因为美丽的花草丰富了他们早晨的公交旅程，有人送来了烘焙食品、鲜花，而最重要的是，对于这对在长岛难以结识新朋友的新来者而言，人们带来了友谊)”可知，文章通过讲述Jonathan和Natalie改变草坪的故事，传达了一个关于努力和回报的道理。他们通过种植野花草坪，不仅减少了繁琐的修剪工作，还为社区带来了美丽和生机，赢得了邻居们的喜爱和友谊。这正是“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”的体现。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第4页，共33页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$