专题02 语法填空之提示词为名词或代词（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题02 语法填空之提示词为名词或代词 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 提示词为名词思维导图 【知能解读 02 】 名词单数变复数 归纳 【知能解读 03 】 名词所有格 归纳 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 名词转化为形容词 归纳 【重难点突破 0 2 】 名词转化为动词 归纳 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 提示词为代词如何确定形式 【易混易错 0 2 】 提示词为代词思维导图 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展 0 1 】 含反身代词短语 归纳 【用法拓展 0 2 】 名词复数形式拓展 ) 01提示词为名词思维导图 02名词单数变复数归纳 (1)若提示词为名词，则有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数： ①有数词或these、those、several、few、many、all、various、different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式； ②名词前有one of、 among时用名词的复数形式； ③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。 (2)以o结尾的单词除了两人(Negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s； (3)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish等； (4)特殊变化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等。 (5)可数名词变复数的规则变化 场合 用法 示例 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses -s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes 辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories 元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys 辅音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes 元音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros 元音字母+-o结尾的名词 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes 单复数同形的名词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species 合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Pupils without umbrellas or raincoats crowded in (doorway) hoping to make it home between showers. 2．In addition to our daily (expense), we have to spend quite a lot on our daughter’s further education. 3．Animal rights (advocate) argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel. 4．Two (suspect) were declared to be innocent for lacking convincing evidence. 5．It’s bad (manner) to break in while others are speaking. 6． (million) of soldiers lost their lives in World War Ⅱ. 7．One of the clear (feature) of modern banking is its dependence on computers. 8． (arch) of McDonald’s are painted gold only to make them beautiful. 9．As he spoke, his nose, long though it was, became at least two (inch) longer. 10． (analysis) of these samples provide a different solution to the problem. 03名词所有格归纳 1.名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。 my sister's telephone 姐姐的电话 Jones’ room琼斯的房间 Nurses’ Day护士节 Teachers’Day 教师节 Woemn’s Day 儿童节 Women’s day 妇女节 2.表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。 Tom’s and Lucy’s rooms are both on the second floor. （汤姆和露西各有一个房间） 汤姆的房间和露西的房间都在二楼。 This is my father and mother’s bedroom. （爸爸和妈妈共用一个卧室） 这是我爸爸和妈妈的卧室。 3.表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如： We bought bread at the baker’s. 我们在面包店买了面包。 The package is waiting for you at the dentist’s. 包裹在牙医诊所等你。 She stayed at Mary’s last night. 她昨晚住在玛丽家。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．I have a toothache, and have to go to the (dentist) every other day. 2．It is unwise to underestimate your (opponent) strength and intelligence. 3．The main purpose of the course is to improve (student) reading ability. 4．Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to (people) favourite tastes. 5．The tourist center is far away from here indeed.It’s two (hour) walk. 01 名词转化为形容词归纳 1.提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。 He bought an expensive watch. 他买了一块昂贵的手表。 2.提示词为名词，如果表语或者宾语补足语，则一般考查名词变形容词。 She looks healthy after exercise.运动后她看起来很健康。 This kind of music always makes me relaxed. 这种音乐总能让我感到放松。 3.名词后后缀变形容词 场合 示例 名词+y ice→icyy 结冰的 fur→furry 毛皮的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 health→healthy 健康的 名词+ ed spot → spotted 有斑点的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 talent→talented 有天赋的 crowd→ crowded 拥挤的 名词+ ful/less pain →painful 痛苦的 beauty →beautiful美丽的 value →valueless 不值钱的 fear→ fearless 不怕的 名词+ able fashion→ fashionable时尚的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 profit→ profitable 有利可图的 reason→reasonable合理的 名词+ ous courage→courageous勇敢的 danger→dangerous危险的 mystery →mysterious神秘的 poison→poisonous 有毒的 名词-ce结尾 innocence →innocent无辜的 evidence →evident 显然的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 patience→patient 有耐心的 名词+-al grammar→grammatical 语法的 globe→global 全球的 agriculture→agricultural 农业的 culture→cultural文化的 名词+-ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 day →daily 每日的 month →monthly 每月的 材料名词+-en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 gold →golden 金子般的 silk→silken丝质的 名词+-al chemistry →chemical化学的 physics →physical 身体的 politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 名词+-cial face→ facial 面部的 commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 benefit →beneficial 有益处的 其他后缀 energy→energetic 精力充沛的 strategy→strategic 战略的 self→selfish 自私的 science→scientific科学的 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．He wanted his sons to become strong and (athlete) like himself. 2．Sometimes it’s hard to understand a person by his (face) expressions. 3．In 2019, he was selected by the BBC as one of the most (influence) celebrities of science. 4．In front of the classrooms, there was a playground which got (dust) on windy days and muddy on rainy days. 5．The new park is designed to be (access) to people with disabilities. 6．It was absolutely (essence) to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture. 7．He is going to make a (remark) achievement in his field. 8．It is true that the dog is the most useful and (faith) animal in the world. 9．Keeping a diary in English is one of the (effect) ways to improve English. 10．Inspired by the (fantasy) scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers. 02名词转化为动词归纳 场合 示例 名词+-en strength→strengthen 加强 length→lengthen 加长 en+名词 courage →encourage 鼓励 danger →endanger使濒危 名词+ize/ise apology →apologize道歉 sympathy →sympathize同情 名词+ -ify beauty→beautify 使美化 class→classify分类；归类 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.We need to _____________(strength) our team spirit through regular group activities. 2.The company plans to _____________(length) the product warranty to attract more buyers. 3.Teachers often _____________(courage) students to ask questions during class. 4.Overfishing continues to _____________(danger) many marine species in the ocean. 5.You should _____________(apology) to your friend if you hurt his feelings by mistake. 6.People always _____________(sympathy) with those who face unexpected difficulties in life. 7.We can _____________(beautify) our neighborhood by planting more flowers and trees. 8.Workers need to _____________(clsss) these documents by their creation dates first. 9. This traditional dance form _____________(origin) in rural communities, where it was performed to celebrate harvests. 10. The witness was able to _____________(identity) the thief from a lineup of suspects. 01 提示词为代词如何确定形式 提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。 1．若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式； 2．若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式； 3．若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词； 4．若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。 02 提示词为代词思维导图 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．It was full of ideas that were new to (I), so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.1. 2．To save class time, our teacher has ( we ) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.1. 3．The book on the table is (my) and that one is yours.1. 4．After communicating, I found that Jack’s world seemed so different from (I).1. 5．The young girl soon recovered (she) and stopped crying.1. 6．The teacher reminded us to behave (we) during the school trip. 7．I am proud of him, who is occupying (he) with his work and devoting himself to helping those in need.1. 8．Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on (it) people and traditions.1. 9．He also had a gun with which he could defend (he).1. 10．The classes are different from in China. Each teacher has (they) own classroom and the students move around every lesson. 01含反身代词短语 1.介词+反身代词 in oneself本身,本质上 of oneself 独自 to oneself供自己用 for oneself替自己,为自己 by oneself 单独地 between ourselves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人) 2.动词+反身代词 amuse oneself自娱 excuse oneself自我辩解 enjoy oneself过得很快活 teach oneself自学 make oneself understood 让别人懂自己的意思 seat oneself坐下 behave oneself 举止得体 dress oneself 打扮 3.动词+反身代词+介词 help oneself to 随便吃；自取（食物、物品等） devote oneself to 献身于 speak to oneself自言自语 make yourself at home 别客气 apply oneself to 专心致志于 accustom oneself to sth使自己习惯某事 adapt oneself to sth使自己适应某事 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 02 名词复数形式拓展 一、外来词汇的复数形式 criterion → criteria 标准 phenomenon → phenomena 现象 analysis → analyses 分析 basis → bases 基础 crisis → crises 危机 bacterium → bacteria 细菌 medium → media 媒体 curriculum → curricula 课程 二、复合名词的复数变化形式 1.没有连字符，最后一个名词变复数 housewife → housewives,  bookshelf → bookshelves 2. 有连字符，将复合名词中主要的名词变复数 passer-by → passers-by, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law 3.组合成复合名词的单词中没有名词，在最后加-s go-between → go-betweens, grown-up → grown-ups 4.man，woman为复合名词第一部分时，两部分皆变为复数 a man cook → men cooks,  a woman teacher → women teachers 5. 由 boy/girl等+名词构成的将第二个词变成复数 boy friend → boy friends      girl friend → girl friends lady driver → lady drivers     maid servant → maid servants 三、特殊的复数形式 1. 单数形式代表复数含义的三个词：（谓语动词永远用复数） people人们 police 警察 cattle 牲畜 2.只用复数形式表达的词汇服装类： trousers裤子 pyjamas 睡衣裤 shorts短裤  jeans 牛仔裤 scissors剪刀 glasses 眼镜 scales 天平compasses圆规 3.复数形式可以表示特别的意义 custom 习俗- customs 海关         force 武力- forces 军队 good 好处-goods 货物           green 绿色- greens 绿叶蔬菜 hair 头发- hairs 几根头发         iron 熨斗- irons 镣铐 letter 信- letters 文学               look 看- looks 外表 manner 方式- manners 礼貌         paper 纸- papers 文件；资料 sand 沙- sands 沙滩；沙地         spirit 精神，灵魂- spirits 烈酒 time 时间-  times 时期; 时代潮流    water 水- waters 领海; 大片的水域 ( 提示词为名词或代词 综合能力提升 ) 一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．During the festival, we visit relatives to give our (greeting) and best wishes. 2．See how many cups and (saucer) we have but don’t count in the cracked ones. 3．It is believed that the (division) between races will disappear some day. 4．Peking University has educated many outstanding modern Chinese (figure). 5．In today’s game the Chinese basketball team played beyond (expect). 6．Natural (phenomenon) such as earthquakes and volcanoes have fascinated scientists for centuries. 7．He set to work again and made the snow fly in all (direction). 8．The novel written by the French writer has two (theme), one of which is about friendship. 9．The following are my suggestions on how to mind your table (manner) in China. 10．He hesitated but handed her the (princess) dress. 11．The milu deer, one of (China) most beloved animals, is also one of its strangest. 12．Chinese (people) love of nature and pursuit of harmonious coexistence are also embedded (根深蒂固的) within. 13．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. 14． (Tom) representing our school at the English speech contest proved to be a success.   15．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 16．The fireman risked (he) life to save the baby from the burning building. 17．I have become popular in (I) own right, without my father’s help. 18．At the party everyone sang and danced, enjoying (them). 19．Peter May is the story of Hemingway’s life in 1920s Paris, when he was trying to establish (him) as a writer. 20．I suggest you take the forms away and read them at (you) leisure. 二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．These are ____ from other presses.They are having a meeting in one of the ___ office . A．editor- in-chiefs ,  editor’s-in-chief B．editors –in –chief , editors-in-chief’s C．editors –in-chief’s , editor’s –in-chief’s D．editor-in-chief’s , editors –in-chief 2．Mr. Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school. A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law 3．These ______ took many ______ here. A．German; photo B．German; photos C．Germans; photos D．Germany; photos 4．Look! Two ______are playing basketball on the playground. A．man teacher B．man teachers C．men teacher D．men teachers 5．These___________ took many___________ here. A．Germen, photo B．Germen, photos C．Germans, photos D．Germany, photos E．Germany, photo 6．In the new semester, the school has launched a series of diverse and innovative courses to meet the various interests of the students. These students may choose the courses that most interest . A．them B．themselves C．us D．itself 7．The children have painted since 　　　could first pick up a brush. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 8．—What do you think of ________ Chinese teacher? —She is an excellent teacher. I’ve improved a lot since she taught _____ Chinese. A．our; us B．our; our C．ours; us D．ours; our 9．To make the computer work at full ______, the programmer has to think like the machine. A．integrity B．dignity C．capacity D．liberty 10．—How long have you had this car? —About five years. And it’s still in good ________ now. A．condition B．experience C．research D．challenge 11．His first ________ to climb the mountain failed, but he decided to try again. A．effect B．attempt C．intention D．experiment 12．The blind boy playing the piano at the party left us a deep ________. A．tradition B．encouragement C．improvement D．impression 13．It was after passing away that his works gained widespread ________ and immense popularity. A．participation B．recognition C．genius D．peak 14．The young girl plans to pursue a career in the ______ of teaching when she graduates from university. A．profession B．presentation C．reservation D．destination 15．More ________ between the teacher and the students is taking place in the classroom with the teaching reform. A．amusement B．interaction C．examination D．entertainment 三、名词、代词与语法填空 （一） （25-26高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning 1 night is impossible. At 7:30 a.m., I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge, where spreading out before me, 2 (branch) of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. This is a remote place 3 no roads or towns far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park 4 (keep) the land in its natural state. And all new development is banned within park boundaries. For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was the 5 (centre) way of life for the Sami. Every spring, a number of Sami follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in their well-equipped tents and embracing their cherished traditions. I am not 6 Sami, but in Sarek I've adopted some of their habits. For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread 7 (warm) over a fire, and some sweet berries that I found 8 (grow) near my tent. After breakfast, I carry all of my food and supplies with me and set out again. I cannot register a 9 (complain) about today being, much like yesterday, filled with toughness across this challenging land. Being in such a beautiful and wild place 10 (make) me feel blessed to be alive. （二） （25-26高三上·四川绵阳·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Located in the Nujiang River Valley, the Xinzhai village has an annual average temperature of 25 degrees centigrade and slightly acid soil, which make it 1 ideal place for growing high-quality coffee plants. As one of the 2 (early) places to produce coffee plants in China, the Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, 3 the Chinese people were not used to drinking coffee. Consequently, the villagers ended up growing rice and corn instead. In the 1980s, when international brands 4 (introduce) to China, the villagers began to cultivate coffee plants again. Since 2007, the Xinzhai village has been upgrading their coffee industry, selecting high quality coffee plants to produce high-quality coffee professionally and cultivating 5 (they) own coffee brand. Today, the coffee growing area is about 9 million square metres, with an annual output value of more than 100 million yuan. The “Baoshan Arabica Coffee” 6 (produce) here has won many international awards and is sold all over the world. 7 addition, the Xinzhai village has also been developing local tourism. When 8 (visit) here, you can pluck coffee beans, learn how to  properly brew coffee from baristas, and taste the 9 (fresh) ground (磨碎的) high-quality coffee. Every year, about 120,000 10 (tourist) are attracted here, which further boosts the local economy. $ 专题02 语法填空之提示词为名词或代词 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 提示词为名词思维导图 【知能解读 02 】 名词单数变复数 归纳 【知能解读 03 】 名词所有格 归纳 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 名词转化为形容词 归纳 【重难点突破 0 2 】 名词转化为动词 归纳 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 提示词为代词如何确定形式 【易混易错 0 2 】 提示词为代词思维导图 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展 0 1 】 含反身代词短语 归纳 【用法拓展 0 2 】 名词复数形式拓展 ) 01提示词为名词思维导图 02名词单数变复数归纳 (1)若提示词为名词，则有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数： ①有数词或these、those、several、few、many、all、various、different等词修饰时用名词的复数形式； ②名词前有one of、 among时用名词的复数形式； ③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。 (2)以o结尾的单词除了两人(Negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s； (3)单复数同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish等； (4)特殊变化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等。 (5)可数名词变复数的规则变化 场合 用法 示例 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses -s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes 辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories 元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys 辅音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes 元音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros 元音字母+-o结尾的名词 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes 单复数同形的名词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species 合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Pupils without umbrellas or raincoats crowded in (doorway) hoping to make it home between showers. 1. doorways 解析：考查名词的复数。句意：没有雨伞或雨衣的学生挤在门口，希望能在阵雨之间回家。doorway意为“门道”，是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数。故填doorways。 2．In addition to our daily (expense), we have to spend quite a lot on our daughter’s further education. 2. expenses 解析：考查名词的数。句意：除了我们日常的开销外，我们还得花不少钱在我们女儿的继续教育上。空格处作介词短语In addition to的宾语，表示“开销”，表示“日常开销”时expense常用复数形式。故填expenses。 3．Animal rights (advocate) argue that zoos are really animal prisons and very often cruel. 3. advocates 解析：考查名词。句意：动物权利倡导者认为动物园实际上是动物监狱，而且往往很残忍。根据空后谓语动词argue可知，此空应是可数名词复数形式advocates，意为“倡导者，拥护者”。此空是句子主语。故填advocates。 4．Two (suspect) were declared to be innocent for lacking convincing evidence. 4. suspects 解析：考查名词复数。句意：两名嫌疑人因缺乏有说服力的证据而被宣告无罪。two表示数量为二，后接可数名词复数形式。suspect作名词时，意为“嫌疑犯”，其复数形式为suspects作主语。故填suspects。 5．It’s bad (manner) to break in while others are speaking. 5. manners 解析：考查名词复数。句意：在别人说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。此处“bad manners”为固定搭配，意为“不礼貌；无礼”，manner表示“礼貌；礼仪”时常用复数形式manners。故填manners。 6． (million) of soldiers lost their lives in World War Ⅱ. 6. Millions 解析：考查数词。句意：在第二次世界大战中，数百万士兵失去了生命。“million”表示“百万”，与“of”连用时，要用复数形式millions，millions of意为“数百万的”，修饰可数名词复数，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Millions。 7．One of the clear (feature) of modern banking is its dependence on computers. 7. features 解析：考查名词的数。句意：现代银行业的一个明显特点是它对计算机的依赖。根据空前“One of the clear”可知，空处需用名词feature的复数形式features，表示“特点”，作介词of的宾语，“one of+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”。故填features。 8． (arch) of McDonald’s are painted gold only to make them beautiful. 8. Arches 解析：考查名词复数。句意：麦当劳的拱门被漆成金色，只是为了让它们看起来美观。根据句中指代复数的代词them（指代主语“拱门”）以及be动词“are”可知，主语应为复数形式，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Arches。 9．As he spoke, his nose, long though it was, became at least two (inch) longer. 9. inches 解析：考查名词复数。句意：他说着，他的鼻子虽然已经很长了，却至少又长了两英寸。分析句子可知，设空处前有基数词two修饰，应填名词复数形式，inch的复数是inches。故填inches。 10． (analysis) of these samples provide a different solution to the problem. 10. Analyses 解析：考查名词的复数。句意：对这些样本的分析为该问题提供了一种不同的解决方案。空格处需填名词作主语，所给词analysis为可数名词，意为“分析”，根据句中谓语动词provide可知，主语应用复数形式analyses，且位于句首时首字母需大写。故填Analyses。 03名词所有格归纳 1.名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’。 my sister's telephone 姐姐的电话 Jones’ room琼斯的房间 Nurses’ Day护士节 Teachers’Day 教师节 Woemn’s Day 儿童节 Women’s day 妇女节 2.表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。 Tom’s and Lucy’s rooms are both on the second floor. （汤姆和露西各有一个房间） 汤姆的房间和露西的房间都在二楼。 This is my father and mother’s bedroom. （爸爸和妈妈共用一个卧室） 这是我爸爸和妈妈的卧室。 3.表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如： We bought bread at the baker’s. 我们在面包店买了面包。 The package is waiting for you at the dentist’s. 包裹在牙医诊所等你。 She stayed at Mary’s last night. 她昨晚住在玛丽家。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．I have a toothache, and have to go to the (dentist) every other day. 1. dentist’s 解析：考查名词所有格形式。句意：我牙疼，每隔一天就得去看牙医。dentist表示“牙医”时是可数名词，空处作宾语，根据句意，此处指去牙医的诊所，应使用dentist的名词所有格形式dentist’s（牙医的诊所）。故填dentist’s。 2．It is unwise to underestimate your (opponent) strength and intelligence. 2. opponent’s 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：低估对手的力量和智慧是不明智的。空格处修饰名词strength和intelligence，所给词opponent为名词，应用其名词所有格形式opponent’s作定语，修饰后面的名词，意为“对手的”。故填opponent’s。 3．The main purpose of the course is to improve (student) reading ability. 3. students’ 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：本课程的主要目的是提高学生的阅读能力。结合语意可知，student和reading ability之间构成所属关系，应用名词所有格，结合常识可知，学生不止一个，应用可数名词复数形式students，其所有格形式在词尾加-’，故填students’。 4．Jiaozi could be stuffed with different kinds of meat and vegetables according to (people) favourite tastes. 4. people’s 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：饺子可以根据人们喜爱的口味，填入不同种类的肉类和蔬菜。结合语意可知，people与favourite tastes为所属关系，所以此空应填名词所有格people’s作定语，修饰favourite tastes。故填people’s。 5．The tourist center is far away from here indeed.It’s two (hour) walk. 5. hours’ 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：旅游中心离这里确实很远。 走路要两个小时。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词所有格形式作定语修饰名词walk。所以用 two hours’ walk 表示“两小时的路程”符合语境。故填 hours’。 01 名词转化为形容词归纳 1.提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。 He bought an expensive watch. 他买了一块昂贵的手表。 2.提示词为名词，如果表语或者宾语补足语，则一般考查名词变形容词。 She looks healthy after exercise.运动后她看起来很健康。 This kind of music always makes me relaxed. 这种音乐总能让我感到放松。 3.名词后后缀变形容词 场合 示例 名词+y ice→icyy 结冰的 fur→furry 毛皮的 guilt →guilty 内疚的 health→healthy 健康的 名词+ ed spot → spotted 有斑点的 gift →gifted 有天赋的 talent→talented 有天赋的 crowd→ crowded 拥挤的 名词+ ful/less pain →painful 痛苦的 beauty →beautiful美丽的 value →valueless 不值钱的 fear→ fearless 不怕的 名词+ able fashion→ fashionable时尚的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 profit→ profitable 有利可图的 reason→reasonable合理的 名词+ ous courage→courageous勇敢的 danger→dangerous危险的 mystery →mysterious神秘的 poison→poisonous 有毒的 名词-ce结尾 innocence →innocent无辜的 evidence →evident 显然的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 patience→patient 有耐心的 名词+-al grammar→grammatical 语法的 globe→global 全球的 agriculture→agricultural 农业的 culture→cultural文化的 名词+-ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的 day →daily 每日的 month →monthly 每月的 材料名词+-en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的 gold →golden 金子般的 silk→silken丝质的 名词+-al chemistry →chemical化学的 physics →physical 身体的 politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的 名词+-cial face→ facial 面部的 commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的 benefit →beneficial 有益处的 其他后缀 energy→energetic 精力充沛的 strategy→strategic 战略的 self→selfish 自私的 science→scientific科学的 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．He wanted his sons to become strong and (athlete) like himself. 1.athletic 解析：考查形容词。句意：他希望他的儿子们变得像他一样强壮且擅长运动。分析句子结构可知，此处与形容词strong并列作表语，描述人的特征，应用athlete的形容词形式athletic意为“擅长运动的、健壮的”。故填athletic。 2．Sometimes it’s hard to understand a person by his (face) expressions. 2. facial 解析：考查形容词。句意：有时候，通过一个人的面部表情很难理解他（的想法）。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词expressions，facial意为“面部的”，为形容词，符合语境。故填facial。 3．In 2019, he was selected by the BBC as one of the most (influence) celebrities of science. 3. influential 解析：考查形容词。句意：2019年，他被英国广播公司评选为科学界最具影响力的名人之一。此处是形容词作定语修饰名词celebrities (名人)。所给词influence为动词或名词，其形容词influential表示“有影响力的”，符合语境。故填influential。 4．In front of the classrooms, there was a playground which got (dust) on windy days and muddy on rainy days. 4. dusty 解析：考查形容词。句意：在教室前面，有一个操场，在刮风的日子尘土飞扬，在下雨的日子泥泞不堪。空格处应填形容词作表语，dust的形容词形式为dusty。故填dusty。 5．The new park is designed to be (access) to people with disabilities. 5. accessible 解析：考查形容词。句意：这个新公园在设计时充分考虑了残障人士的可达性。空处作表语，需用access的形容词accessible。故填accessible。 6．It was absolutely (essence) to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture. 6. essential 解析：考查形容词。句意：将农作物与动物的放牧区域分离开来是绝对必要的。根据句意及空前的It was absolutely可知此处应填形容词形式essential(完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的)，作表语，故填 essential。 7．He is going to make a (remark) achievement in his field. 7. remarkable 解析：考查形容词。句意：他将在自己的领域取得显著的成就。空处修饰名词achievement，应用形容词作定语，remark的形容词形式为remarkable“显著的，非凡的”。故填remarkable。 8．It is true that the dog is the most useful and (faith) animal in the world. 8. faithful 解析：考查形容词。句意：的确，狗是世界上最有用且最忠诚的动物。本空与useful并列，修饰名词animal，作前置定语，用形容词faithful“忠诚的”。故填faithful。 9．Keeping a diary in English is one of the (effect) ways to improve English. 9. effective 解析：考查形容词。句意：用英语记日记是提高英语的有效方法之一。此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词ways。effect的形容词是effective“有效的”。故填effective。 10．Inspired by the (fantasy) scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers. 10. fantastic 解析：考查形容词。句意：受到美景的启发，我决定创作一幅水彩画，画的是公园池塘上的小桥，周围是盛开的鲜花。名词scenery前用形容词修饰。fantasy的形容词形式为fantastic，表示“极好的”。故填fantastic。 02名词转化为动词归纳 场合 示例 名词+-en strength→strengthen 加强 length→lengthen 加长 en+名词 courage →encourage 鼓励 danger →endanger使濒危 名词+ize/ise apology →apologize道歉 sympathy →sympathize同情 名词+ -ify beauty→beautify 使美化 class→classify分类；归类 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.We need to _____________(strength) our team spirit through regular group activities. 2.The company plans to _____________(length) the product warranty to attract more buyers. 3.Teachers often _____________(courage) students to ask questions during class. 4.Overfishing continues to _____________(danger) many marine species in the ocean. 5.You should _____________(apology) to your friend if you hurt his feelings by mistake. 6.People always _____________(sympathy) with those who face unexpected difficulties in life. 7.We can _____________(beautify) our neighborhood by planting more flowers and trees. 8.Workers need to _____________(clsss) these documents by their creation dates first. 9. This traditional dance form _____________(origin) in rural communities, where it was performed to celebrate harvests. 10. The witness was able to _____________(identity) the thief from a lineup of suspects. 【参考答案】 1. strengthen 2. lengthen 3. encourage 4. endanger 5. apologize 6. sympathize 7. beautify 8. classify 9. originated 10. identify 01 提示词为代词如何确定形式 提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。 1．若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式； 2．若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式； 3．若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词； 4．若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。 02 提示词为代词思维导图 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．It was full of ideas that were new to (I), so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.1. 1. me 解析：考查人称代词宾格。句意：这本书里充满了对我来说很新颖的想法，所以我整个夏天都在反复研读这本书。介词to后接人称代词的宾格形式，所以此处应有I的宾格me。故填me。 2．To save class time, our teacher has ( we ) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.1. 2. us 解析：考查代词。句意：为了节省课堂时间，我们老师让我们学生在课堂上做一半练习，另一半作为家庭作业完成。此处考查“have + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，其中“宾语”需要用人称代词的宾格形式。所给词“we”是主格，其宾格形式为“us”，在句中作动词“has”的宾语，“students”是“us”的同位语，进一步说明宾语的身份。故填us。 3．The book on the table is (my) and that one is yours.1. 3. mine 解析：考查名词性物主代词。句意：桌子上的书是我的，那本是你的。此处应是用名词性物主代词，表达“我的（书）”含义，作“is”的表语。故填mine。 4．After communicating, I found that Jack’s world seemed so different from (I).1. 4. mine 解析：考查代词。句意：交流之后，我发现杰克的世界和我的世界是如此的不同。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“我的世界”，应用名词性物主代词mine作宾语。故填mine。 5．The young girl soon recovered (she) and stopped crying.1. 5. herself 解析：考查代词。句意：这个小女孩很快镇定下来，停止了哭泣。recover oneself是固定搭配，表示“使自己镇定下来”，oneself要与主语的人称保持一致。主语the young girl对应的反身代词是herself。故填herself。 6．The teacher reminded us to behave (we) during the school trip. 6. ourselves 解析：考查反身代词。句意：老师提醒我们在学校组织的旅行中要举止得体。behave oneself是固定短语，意为“举止得体，表现良好”，we的反身代词为ourselves。故填ourselves。 7．I am proud of him, who is occupying (he) with his work and devoting himself to helping those in need.1. 7. himself 解析：考查代词。句意：我为他感到骄傲，他全身心投入工作，并且致力于帮助那些有需要的人。短语occupy oneself with表示“专注于”，此空填反身代词himself。故填himself。 8．Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on (it) people and traditions.1. 8. its 解析：考查代词。句意：爱尔兰美丽的乡村地区一直对当地人民和传统有着深远的影响。设空处修饰名词词组people and traditions，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 9．He also had a gun with which he could defend (he).1. 9. himself 解析：考查反身代词。句意：他还带着一把枪，用这把枪他可以自卫。此处主语“he”与宾语指同一人，需用反身代词作宾语，h对应的反身代词是himself，defend himself表示“自卫”，符合语境。故填himself。 10．The classes are different from in China. Each teacher has (they) own classroom and the students move around every lesson. 10. those, their, for 解析：考查代词和介词。句意：这些课程和中国的不一样。每个老师都有自己的教室，学生们每节课都要换不同的班级。第一空作from的宾语，指代前面提到的The classes，The classes为复数，因此应用指示代词those；第二空修饰classroom，应用形容词性物主代词their；结合“move around”和“every lesson”可知，四处走动（换不同班级）的目的是去上课，第三空应用介词for表示“为了”。故填①those；②their；③for。 01含反身代词短语 1.介词+反身代词 in oneself本身,本质上 of oneself 独自 to oneself供自己用 for oneself替自己,为自己 by oneself 单独地 between ourselves 私下说的话(不可告诉别人) 2.动词+反身代词 amuse oneself自娱 excuse oneself自我辩解 enjoy oneself过得很快活 teach oneself自学 make oneself understood 让别人懂自己的意思 seat oneself坐下 behave oneself 举止得体 dress oneself 打扮 3.动词+反身代词+介词 help oneself to 随便吃；自取（食物、物品等） devote oneself to 献身于 speak to oneself自言自语 make yourself at home 别客气 apply oneself to 专心致志于 accustom oneself to sth使自己习惯某事 adapt oneself to sth使自己适应某事 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第16页，共11页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 02 名词复数形式拓展 一、外来词汇的复数形式 criterion → criteria 标准 phenomenon → phenomena 现象 analysis → analyses 分析 basis → bases 基础 crisis → crises 危机 bacterium → bacteria 细菌 medium → media 媒体 curriculum → curricula 课程 二、复合名词的复数变化形式 1.没有连字符，最后一个名词变复数 housewife → housewives,  bookshelf → bookshelves 2. 有连字符，将复合名词中主要的名词变复数 passer-by → passers-by, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law 3.组合成复合名词的单词中没有名词，在最后加-s go-between → go-betweens, grown-up → grown-ups 4.man，woman为复合名词第一部分时，两部分皆变为复数 a man cook → men cooks,  a woman teacher → women teachers 5. 由 boy/girl等+名词构成的将第二个词变成复数 boy friend → boy friends      girl friend → girl friends lady driver → lady drivers     maid servant → maid servants 三、特殊的复数形式 1. 单数形式代表复数含义的三个词：（谓语动词永远用复数） people人们 police 警察 cattle 牲畜 2.只用复数形式表达的词汇服装类： trousers裤子 pyjamas 睡衣裤 shorts短裤  jeans 牛仔裤 scissors剪刀 glasses 眼镜 scales 天平compasses圆规 3.复数形式可以表示特别的意义 custom 习俗- customs 海关         force 武力- forces 军队 good 好处-goods 货物           green 绿色- greens 绿叶蔬菜 hair 头发- hairs 几根头发         iron 熨斗- irons 镣铐 letter 信- letters 文学               look 看- looks 外表 manner 方式- manners 礼貌         paper 纸- papers 文件；资料 sand 沙- sands 沙滩；沙地         spirit 精神，灵魂- spirits 烈酒 time 时间-  times 时期; 时代潮流    water 水- waters 领海; 大片的水域 ( 提示词为名词或代词 综合能力提升 ) 一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．During the festival, we visit relatives to give our (greeting) and best wishes. 1. greetings 解析：考查名词复数。句意：在节日期间，我们会拜访亲戚，向他们致以问候和最美好的祝福。空格处应该用名词greeting作宾语，greeting当“问候的话；祝词”讲时是可数名词，且常用复数形式。故填greetings。 2．See how many cups and (saucer) we have but don’t count in the cracked ones. 2. saucers 解析：考查名词的复数。句意：看看我们有多少杯子和碟子，但不要把有裂缝的算进去。saucer是可数名词，由前面的cups and可知，空格处用复数，故填saucers。 3．It is believed that the (division) between races will disappear some day. 3. divisions 解析：考查名词的数。句意：人们相信种族间的分歧终有一天会消失。此处“the”后需接名词在主语从句中作主语，所给词“division”是名词，意为“分歧；划分”，根据语境可知，种族间的分歧通常不止一种，应用复数形式“divisions”。故填divisions。 4．Peking University has educated many outstanding modern Chinese (figure). 4. figures 解析：考查名词。句意：北京大学培养了许多中国现代杰出人物。根据“many (许多)”可知，此空应是可数名词复数figures，意为“人物”。此空是has educated的宾语。故填figures。 5．In today’s game the Chinese basketball team played beyond (expect). 5. expectation 解析：考查名词。句意：在今天的比赛中，中国篮球队的表现出乎意料。beyond expectation出乎意料。故填expectation。 6．Natural (phenomenon) such as earthquakes and volcanoes have fascinated scientists for centuries. 6. phenomena 解析：考查名词复数。句意：像地震和火山这样的自然现象已经吸引了科学家们几个世纪。名词phenomenon作主语，意为“现象”，后文“such as earthquakes and volcanoes”表明此处说的是不止一种自然现象，用复数形式phenomena。故填phenomena。 7．He set to work again and made the snow fly in all (direction). 7. directions 解析：考查名词复数。句意：他又开始工作，让雪向四面八方飞扬。all后通常接复数名词，in all directions是固定短语，意为“向各个方向，四面八方”。故填directions。 8．The novel written by the French writer has two (theme), one of which is about friendship. 8. themes 解析：考查名词的数。句意：这位法国作家写的小说有两个主题，其中一个主题是关于友谊。theme“主题”为可数名词，由空前two可知，此处应用其复数形式themes，作has的宾语。故填themes。 9．The following are my suggestions on how to mind your table (manner) in China. 9. manners 解析：考查名词复数。句意：以下是我关于在中国如何注意餐桌礼仪的建议。table manners是固定短语，意为“餐桌礼仪”，manner表示“礼仪、规矩”时常用复数形式manners作宾语。故填manners。 10．He hesitated but handed her the (princess) dress. 10. princess’s 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他犹豫了一下，但还是把公主的裙子递给了她。所给词princess是可数名词，意为“公主”。句中需要修饰名词dress，因此需用名词所有格形式。故填princess’s。 11．The milu deer, one of (China) most beloved animals, is also one of its strangest. 11. China’s 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：麋鹿是中国最受喜爱的动物之一，也是中国最奇特的动物之一。China和 milu deer之间构成所属关系，应用所有格，表示国家的名词的所有格应在该名词后加-’s。China’s“中国的”。故填China’s。 12．Chinese (people) love of nature and pursuit of harmonious coexistence are also embedded (根深蒂固的) within. 12. people’s 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：中国人对自然的热爱和对和谐共处的追求也在其中。love和Chinese people之间是所属关系，因此空格处用名词所有格people’s，故填people’s。 13．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. 13. person’s 解析：考查所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（以公斤为单位）除以身高（以米为单位）的平方。表示“人的”用名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。 14． (Tom) representing our school at the English speech contest proved to be a success.   14. Tom’s 解析：考查名词的所有格。句意：汤姆代表我们学校参加英语演讲比赛证明是成功的。分析句意可知，此处指“汤姆的”，单数名词的所有格在后面直接加’s，首字母大写。故填Tom’s。 15．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 15. person’s 解析：考查名词所有格。句意：计算方法是将一个人的体重(kg)除以身高(m)的平方，体重指数在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析可知，此空后接名词，是所属关系，所以此处填person的所有格形式person’s，表示“一个人的”，故填person’s。 16．The fireman risked (he) life to save the baby from the burning building. 16. his 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这位消防员冒着生命危险从着火的建筑物中救出了那个婴儿。作定语修饰名词life，用形容词性物主代词his“他的”。故填his。 17．I have become popular in (I) own right, without my father’s help. 17. my 解析：考查代词。句意：没有父亲的帮助，我凭借自己的能力变得受欢迎。空处为固定短语in one’s own right，意为“凭自身的能力”，句子主语为I，对应的形容词性物主代词是my。故填my。 18．At the party everyone sang and danced, enjoying (them). 18. themselves 解析：考查反身代词。句意：在派对上，每个人都唱歌跳舞，玩得开心。根据空前enjoying可知，空处需用反身代词themselves作宾语；enjoy oneself是固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”。故填themselves。 19．Peter May is the story of Hemingway’s life in 1920s Paris, when he was trying to establish (him) as a writer. 19. himself 解析：考查反身代词。句意：《彼得・梅》讲述的是海明威20世纪20年代在巴黎的生活，当时他正努力确立自己作为作家的地位。此处主语为he，空处作宾语，且与主语指同一人，应用反身代词himself。故填himself。 20．I suggest you take the forms away and read them at (you) leisure. 20. your 解析：考查代词。句意：我建议你把表格拿走，有空的时候再看。修饰名词leisure需用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。 二、单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．These are ____ from other presses.They are having a meeting in one of the ___ office . A．editor- in-chiefs ,  editor’s-in-chief B．editors –in –chief , editors-in-chief’s C．editors –in-chief’s , editor’s –in-chief’s D．editor-in-chief’s , editors –in-chief 1. B 解析：考查名词复数。句意： 这些是来自其他出版社的主编。他们正在其中一个主编的办公室开会。 句子中的“These are”提示需用复数形式，复合名词editor-in-chief“总编辑”的复数形式需将主体词editor变为复数，即editors-in-chief（其他部分保持单数），“one of the ... office”表示“其中一个（主编的）办公室”，需用复数名词的所有格修饰office，复数所有格形式为editors-in-chief’s（在复数词尾后加’s）。故选B。 2．Mr. Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school. A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law 2. A 解析：考查名词复数。句意：史密斯先生有两个姻亲兄弟，他们都是学校的老师。根据空前“two”可知，这里用名词复数。“brother-in-law”为单数名词，意为“姐夫，妹夫，小叔等姻亲兄弟”，其中“brother”为主词，需要变复数，即 “brothers-in-law”。故选A项。 3．These ______ took many ______ here. A．German; photo B．German; photos C．Germans; photos D．Germany; photos 3. C 解析：考查名词复数。句意：这些德国人在这里拍了很多照片。第一空为名词作主语，此处表示“德国人”应为名词German，空前有these修饰，所以使用复数形式Germans；第二空“photo”意为“照片”，空前有many修饰，所以使用其复数形式photos作宾语。故选C项。 4．Look! Two ______are playing basketball on the playground. A．man teacher B．man teachers C．men teacher D．men teachers 4. D 解析：考查名词复数。句意：看！两位男教师正在操场上打篮球。根据句意可知，“man teacher”意为“男教师”，根据句中“Two”可知，句中应用其复数形式，“man teacher”的复数形式为“men teachers”。故选D项。 5．These___________ took many___________ here. A．Germen, photo B．Germen, photos C．Germans, photos D．Germany, photos E．Germany, photo 5. C 解析：考查名词词义辨析和名词的数。句意：这些德国人在这里拍了很多照片。German意为“德国人”，为可数名词，其复数形式为Germans；Germany意为“德国”，为专有名词，没有复数形式；photo意为“照片”，为可数名词，其复数形式为photos。根据第一空前的These可知，这里表示这些德国人，应用Germans。根据第二空前的many可知，这里表示拍了许多照片，应用photos。故选C。 6．In the new semester, the school has launched a series of diverse and innovative courses to meet the various interests of the students. These students may choose the courses that most interest . A．them B．themselves C．us D．itself 6. A 解析：考查代词。句意：在新的学期，学校推出了一系列多样化和创新的课程以满足学生们的各种兴趣。这些学生可以选择最感兴趣的课程。A. them他们（宾格）；B. themselves他们自己（反身代词）；C. us我们（宾格）；D. itself它自己（反身代词）。设空处代替的是前文提到的“学生”，应使用指代复数第三人称的代词的宾格them。故选A。 7．The children have painted since 　　　could first pick up a brush. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 7. A 解析：考查代词。句意：孩子们从第一次拿起画笔就开始画画了。A. they他们，主格；B. them他们，宾格，作宾语；C. their他们的，形容词性物主代词；D. themselves他们自己，反身代词。作从句主语，指代主句的The children，应用代词they。故选A。 8．—What do you think of ________ Chinese teacher? —She is an excellent teacher. I’ve improved a lot since she taught _____ Chinese. A．our; us B．our; our C．ours; us D．ours; our 8. A 解析：考查代词。句意：——你认为我们的语文老师怎么样？——她是一位优秀的教师。自从她教我们语文，我进步了很多。our是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词；us是人称代词的宾格，用作宾语；ours是名词性物主代词，相当于“our+名词”，ours后不加名词。分析句子可知，第一空修饰名词短语Chinese teacher，应用形容词性物主代词our，第二空作动词taught的宾语，应用宾格us。故选A项。 9．To make the computer work at full ______, the programmer has to think like the machine. A．integrity B．dignity C．capacity D．liberty 9. C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。 句意：为了让计算机充分发挥其性能，程序员必须像机器一样思考。A. integrity 完整；正直；诚实；B. dignity 意为 尊严；高贵 ；C. capacity 能力；容量；性能；D. liberty 自由。根据上文“the computer”以及下文“the programmer has to think like the machine.”可知，为了让计算机充分发挥其性能，程序员必须像机器一样思考。故选C项。 10．—How long have you had this car? —About five years. And it’s still in good ________ now. A．condition B．experience C．research D．challenge 10. A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你拥有这辆车多久了？——大约五年。现在它仍然状况良好。A. condition状况，状态；B. experience经验，经历；C. research研究；D. challenge挑战。根据“About five years. And it’s still in good”可知，此处表示车辆的性能或状态良好，“in good condition”为固定短语，意为“状况良好”。故选A。 11．His first ________ to climb the mountain failed, but he decided to try again. A．effect B．attempt C．intention D．experiment 11. B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他第一次尝试爬这座山失败了，但他决定再试一次。A. effect影响，效果；B. attempt尝试，企图；C. intention意图，目的；D. experiment实验。根据“but he decided to try again.(但他决定再试一次)”可知，第一次尝试爬山失败了，B选项符合句意。故选B。 12．The blind boy playing the piano at the party left us a deep ________. A．tradition B．encouragement C．improvement D．impression 12. D 解析：考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：在派对上弹钢琴的失明男孩给我们留下了深刻的印象。 A. tradition传统；B. encouragement鼓励；C. improvement改进；D. impression印象。由语意可知，该男孩弹钢琴的表演给他人带来了某种感受。leave sb. a deep impression或leave a deep impression on sb.是固定短语，意为“给某人留下深刻印象”，失明男孩弹钢琴的场景让我们印象深刻，符合语境。故选D项。 13．It was after passing away that his works gained widespread ________ and immense popularity. A．participation B．recognition C．genius D．peak 13. B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他去世后，他的作品才获得了广泛的认可和极大的欢迎。A. participation参与，参加；B. recognition认可，承认；C. genius天赋；D. peak山峰，顶点。句中“and immense popularity”表明，空格处需填与“受欢迎”语义相近、能体现作品获得积极评价的词，“recognition”意为“认可”，符合“作品得到广泛认可并受欢迎”的语境。故选B项。 14．The young girl plans to pursue a career in the ______ of teaching when she graduates from university. A．profession B．presentation C．reservation D．destination 14. A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个年轻女孩计划大学毕业后从事教学职业。A. profession职业；B. presentation展示，陈述；C. reservation预订，预约；D. destination目的地。根据“pursue a career”以及“teaching”可知，此处表示从事教学职业，用名词profession。故选A项。 15．More ________ between the teacher and the students is taking place in the classroom with the teaching reform. A．amusement B．interaction C．examination D．entertainment 15. B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着教学改革的进行，课堂上老师和学生之间有了更多的互动。A. amusement娱乐；B. interaction互动；C. examination考试；D. entertainment娱乐节目。根据“with the teaching reform”可推知，教学改革会促进课堂上老师与学生之间的交流互动。所以，名词interaction最符合此处语境。故选B项。 三、名词、代词与语法填空 （一） （25-26高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning 1 night is impossible. At 7:30 a.m., I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge, where spreading out before me, 2 (branch) of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. This is a remote place 3 no roads or towns far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park 4 (keep) the land in its natural state. And all new development is banned within park boundaries. For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was the 5 (centre) way of life for the Sami. Every spring, a number of Sami follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in their well-equipped tents and embracing their cherished traditions. I am not 6 Sami, but in Sarek I've adopted some of their habits. For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread 7 (warm) over a fire, and some sweet berries that I found 8 (grow) near my tent. After breakfast, I carry all of my food and supplies with me and set out again. I cannot register a 9 (complain) about today being, much like yesterday, filled with toughness across this challenging land. Being in such a beautiful and wild place 10 (make) me feel blessed to be alive. 【答案】1．or 2．branches 3．with 4．to keep 5．central 6．a 7．warmed 8．growing 9．complaint 10．makes 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在瑞典北部萨勒克国家公园的经历，描述了公园的自然景观、历史背景，以及自己在当地借鉴萨米人生活习惯的日常，表达了对这片荒野之地的喜爱与对生命的感恩。 1．考查连词。句意：尽管阳光灿烂地照耀着，但根本无法分辨是早上还是晚上。whether...or...为固定搭配，意为“是……还是……”，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。 2．考查名词复数。句意：早上7点30分，我离开帐篷，走到山边，在那里，拉帕河的支流在我面前铺开，流经下面的山谷。branch为可数名词，结合空后的谓语动词 flow为原形可知，主语应为复数形式。故填branches。 3．考查介词。句意：这是瑞典北部萨勒克国家公园一个偏远的地方，没有道路，也没有城镇。根据no roads or towns和语意可知，此处表示“带有；具有”，应用介词with，a place with no roads or towns意为“一个没有道路和城镇的地方”。故填with。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：1909年，萨勒克被列为国家公园，以保持这片土地的自然状态。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词was made，所以此处keep应用非谓语动词形式，根据语意可知，“被列为国家公园”的目的是“保持土地自然状态”，所以应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。 5．考查形容词。句意：几百年来，饲养驯鹿一直是萨米人的主要生活方式。修饰名词way应用centre的形容词形式central作定语，意为“主要的，核心的”。故填central。 6．考查冠词。句意：我不是萨米人，但在萨勒克，我养成了他们的一些习惯。Sami此处指“萨米人”，为可数名词单数，且发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰，表示泛指“一个萨米人”。故填a。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，今天早上我的早餐是在火上加热过的面饼，还有一些我在帐篷附近发现的正在生长的甜浆果。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以此处应用warm的非谓语动词形式，因其与被修饰的名词flat bread之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填warmed。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，that I found为定语从句，所以此处应用grow的非谓语动词形式作后置定语来修饰前面的some sweet berries，因berries与grow之间为主动关系，且表示“正在生长”的状态，所以应用现在分词形式。故填growing。 9．考查名词。句意：我不能抱怨今天和昨天一样，在这片充满挑战的土地上到处都是艰难。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用complain的名词单数形式complaint。故填complaint。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，让我觉得活着是一种幸运。句子描述的是作者当下的感受，应用一般现在时；主语“Being in such a beautiful and wild place”为动名词短语，视为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 （二） （25-26高三上·四川绵阳·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Located in the Nujiang River Valley, the Xinzhai village has an annual average temperature of 25 degrees centigrade and slightly acid soil, which make it 1 ideal place for growing high-quality coffee plants. As one of the 2 (early) places to produce coffee plants in China, the Xinzhai village began to plant coffee trees in 1952, 3 the Chinese people were not used to drinking coffee. Consequently, the villagers ended up growing rice and corn instead. In the 1980s, when international brands 4 (introduce) to China, the villagers began to cultivate coffee plants again. Since 2007, the Xinzhai village has been upgrading their coffee industry, selecting high quality coffee plants to produce high-quality coffee professionally and cultivating 5 (they) own coffee brand. Today, the coffee growing area is about 9 million square metres, with an annual output value of more than 100 million yuan. The “Baoshan Arabica Coffee” 6 (produce) here has won many international awards and is sold all over the world. 7 addition, the Xinzhai village has also been developing local tourism. When 8 (visit) here, you can pluck coffee beans, learn how to  properly brew coffee from baristas, and taste the 9 (fresh) ground (磨碎的) high-quality coffee. Every year, about 120,000 10 (tourist) are attracted here, which further boosts the local economy. 【答案】1．an 2．earliest 3．when 4．were introduced 5．their 6．produced 7．In 8．visiting 9．freshly 10．tourists 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新寨村发展咖啡产业和旅游业的历程及现状。 1．考查冠词。句意：新寨村位于怒江峡谷，年平均气温25摄氏度，土壤略酸，是种植优质咖啡树的理想之地。空处泛指一个，应用不定冠词，ideal是元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．考查形容词最高级。句意：作为中国最早种植咖啡树的地区之一，新寨村于1952年开始种植咖啡树，当时中国人还不习惯喝咖啡。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定搭配，意为“最……之一”，空处应用early的最高级earliest。故填earliest。 3．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1952，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：20世纪80年代，当国际品牌被引入中国时，村民们又开始种植咖啡树。根据时间状语In the 1980s可知，句子应用一般过去时，introduce与主语international brands之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词应用were。故填were introduced。 5．考查代词。句意：自2007年以来，新寨村一直在升级咖啡产业，选择优质咖啡树专业生产优质咖啡，并培育自己的咖啡品牌。固定搭配one’s own“某人自己的”，空处应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这里生产的“保山阿拉比卡咖啡”多次获得国际大奖，畅销世界各地。空处作非谓语动词，produce与逻辑主语The “Baoshan Arabica Coffee”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填produced。 7．考查介词。句意：此外，新寨村还在发展当地旅游业。in addition为固定短语，意为“此外”，in位于句首，首字母大写。故填In。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这里参观时，您可以采摘咖啡豆，向咖啡师学习如何正确冲泡咖啡，品尝新鲜研磨的高品质咖啡。空处作非谓语动词，visit与逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作状语。故填visiting。 9．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰形容词ground，用副词freshly作状语，freshly ground“现磨的”。故填freshly。 10．考查名词复数。句意：每年约有12万游客被吸引到这里，进一步推动了当地经济的发展。tourist是可数名词，由空前120,000可知，空处应用名词复数形式。故填tourists。 $