内容正文:
沪外教版2024七年级上册英语Unit 2 Making friends单词短语精讲讲义
单词精讲
1. laugh v. 笑;发笑
实际应用例子: * Her jokes always make me laugh. * He laughed loudly at the funny story.
记忆方法: * 音形义结合: laugh 读音与“拉夫”相似,想象一个人开心地拉着朋友一起 笑。
易错易考点: * laugh at (嘲笑), laugh with (和……一起笑)。 * 名词形式也是 laugh (笑声)。
2. lie n. 谎言;谎话
实际应用例子: * Never tell a lie. * He was caught telling a lie.
记忆方法: * 同音异形异义词:与动词 lie (躺,位于) 同形,但意义不同。区分记忆。 易错易考点: * tell a lie (说谎)。 * 名词 lie 是可数名词。
3. truth n. 真相;事实
实际应用例子: * Always tell the truth. * The police are trying to find out the truth. 记忆方法: * 与 true (真实的) 相关联, truth 是其名词形式。
易错易考点: * tell the truth (说实话)。 * 通常与定冠词 the 连用。
4. secret n. 秘密;机密
实际应用例子: * Can you keep a secret? * He told me a big secret. 记忆方法: * 音译联想: secret 像“西克瑞特”,想象一个神秘的西方人保守着秘密。 易错易考点: * keep a secret (保守秘密)。 * 名词 secret 是可数名词。
5. forever adv. 永远
实际应用例子: * I will love you forever. * They promised to be friends forever. 记忆方法: * 拆分记忆: for (为了) + ever (曾经,任何时候),为了任何时候,即永远。 易错易考点: * 副词,表示时间上的无限。
6. problem n. 棘手的问题;难题;困难
实际应用例子: * I have a problem with my computer. * Solving this problem requires a lot of effort.
记忆方法: * 音译联想: problem 像“破不了”,遇到问题时常常觉得破不了。 易错易考点: * have a problem (有问题)。 * solve a problem (解决问题)。
7. honest adj. 诚实的;坦率的
实际应用例子: * He is an honest person. * To be honest, I don't like the idea. 记忆方法: * 注意发音, h 不发音。
易错易考点: * to be honest (老实说)。 * 名词形式是 honesty (诚实)。
8. teenager n. (13 至 19 岁之间的)青少 年
实 际 应 用 例 子 : * Many teenagers enjoy playing video games. * She is a typical teenager.
记忆方法: * 拆分记忆: teen (指13-19的数字后缀) + ager (表示年龄段的人)。
易错易考点: * 指年龄在13到19岁之间的人。
9. spend v. 花(时间);度过
实际应用例子: * I spent two hours doing my homework. * We spent our holiday in Hainan.
记忆方法: * 与 time 或 money 搭配。
易错易考点: * spend time/money on sth (在某事上花费时间/金钱)。 * spend time (in) doing sth (花费时间做某事)。
10. join v. 成为……的一员;参加;加入
实际应用例子: * Would you like to join our club? * He joined the army when he was 18.
记忆方法: * 音译联想: join 像“ ज्वाइन”,想象加入一个团队。
易错易考点: * join 后直接接组织或活动,不加介词。 * 与 take part in (参加活动) 的 区别: join 强调成为其中一员, take part in 强调参与。
11. friendship n. 友谊;朋友关系
实 际 应 用 例 子 : * Their friendship lasted for many years. * Friendship is very important.
记忆方法: * 词根词缀: friend (朋友) + -ship (表示关系的名词后缀)。 易错易考点: * 不可数名词,表示友谊这种关系。
12. lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的
实际应用例子: * She felt lonely after her friends left. * It was a lonely journey. 记忆方法: * 词根词缀: alone (独自的) + -ly (形容词后缀)。
易错易考点: * 形容词,表示感到孤独或寂寞。
13. usually adv. 通常地;经常地 实际应用例子: * I usually get up early. * She usually goes to bed at 10 p.m. 记忆方法: * 与 usual (通常的) 相关联。
易错易考点: * 频度副词,常放在行为动词前,be动词、情态动词、助动词之后。
14. together adv. 在一起;共同
实际应用例子: * Let's work together. * They went to the park together. 记忆方法: * 音译联想: together 像“吐盖的”,想象大家一起吐盖子,共同完成。 易错易考点: * 副词,表示共同或一起。
15. challenge n. & v. 挑战;艰巨任务 实际应用例子: * The new job is a big challenge for him. * I like to challenge myself. 记忆方法: * 音译联想: challenge 像“拆了你”,想象挑战者拆解难题。 易错易考点: * 既可作名词也可作动词。
16. surprised adj. 惊讶的;感觉意外的
实际应用例子: * I was surprised to see him there. * She looked surprised at the news. 记忆方法: * 词根词缀: surprise (使惊讶) + -ed (形容词后缀,表示“感到……的”)。
易错易考点: * surprised (感到惊讶的) 和 surprising (令人惊讶的) 的区别。 * surprised 修饰人, surprising 修饰事物。
17. common adj. 共同的;共享的
实际应用例子: * We have a lot in common. * English is a common language in many countries.
记忆方法: * 音译联想: common 像“康门”,想象大家共同进入康庄大道。 易错易考点: * in common (共同点)。
18. celebrate v. 庆祝;庆贺
实际应用例子: * We will celebrate her birthday next week. * How do you celebrate Christmas?
记忆方法: * 音译联想: celebrate 像“色拉布雷特”,想象庆祝时吃色拉和面包。 易错易考点: * 动词,表示庆祝。
19. loyal adj. 忠诚的;忠实的
实际应用例子: * He is a loyal friend. * The dog is very loyal to its owner. 记忆方法: * 音译联想: loyal 像“罗亚尔”,想象一个忠诚的皇家卫士。 易错易考点: * 形容词,表示忠诚。
20. truly adv. (用于说法、感觉等)真诚地,衷心地 实际应用例子: * I am truly sorry for what I did. * She is a truly kind person. 记忆方法: * 与 true (真实的) 相关联, truly 是其副词形式。
易错易考点: * 副词,修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示真实地,真诚地。
21. decide v. 对……作出抉择;决定
实际应用例子: * I decided to study abroad. * Have you decided what to do? 记忆方法: * 音译联想: decide 像“地赛的”,想象在地上比赛,决定胜负。 易错易考点: * decide to do sth (决定做某事)。 * decide on sth (决定某事)。
22. elderly adj. 年纪较大的,上了年纪的
实际应用例子: * We should respect the elderly. * An elderly woman helped me cross the street.
记忆方法: * 与 old (老的) 相关联, elderly 更委婉。
易错易考点: * 形容词,通常指老年人,比 old 更礼貌。 * the elderly 指老年人(复 数)。
23. borrow v. 借;借用
实际应用例子: * Can I borrow your pen? * He borrowed a book from the library. 记忆方法: * 音译联想: borrow 像“巴罗”,想象向巴罗借东西。
易错易考点: * borrow sth from sb (向某人借某物)。 * 与 lend (借出) 的区别。
24. hold v. 抱着;拿着
实际应用例子: * She held her baby in her arms. * Please hold this for a moment. 记忆方法: * 简单词,直接记忆。
易错易考点: * 多义词,根据语境理解。
短语精讲
1. keep one’s head down (避免引人注意)
实际应用例子: * In a new environment, he tried to keep his head down and observe. * She just wanted to keep her head down and finish her work.
记忆方法: * 字面意思“低着头”,引申为“不引人注目,避免麻烦”。 易错易考点: * 强调低调行事,不惹人注意。
2. on the way to (在去……的路上)
实际应用例子: * I met him on the way to school. * We stopped for coffee on the way to the airport.
记忆方法: * 固定搭配,表示“在去某地的途中”。
易错易考点: * to 是介词,后面接地点。
3. look after (对……负责;照料;照顾)
实际应用例子: * Can you look after my cat while I'm away? * It's important to look after your health.
记忆方法: * look (看) + after (在……之后),引申为“照看,照顾”。 易错易考点: * 与 take care of 意思相近。
4. each other (互相,彼此)
实际应用例子: * They help each other. * We should respect each other. 记忆方法: * 固定搭配,指两个人或事物之间互相作用。
易错易考点: * 指两者之间, one another 指三者或三者以上之间。
5. get along (与……)和睦相处,相处融洽)
实际应用例子: * I get along well with my classmates. * Do you get along with your new boss?
记忆方法: * get (变得) + along (向前),引申为“相处”。
易错易考点: * 常与 with 连用, get along with sb (与某人和睦相处)。
6. have sth in common (有共同之处)
实际应用例子: * My friend and I have a lot in common. * They have nothing in common.
记忆方法: * 固定搭配,表示“有共同点”。
易错易考点: * sth 可以是 a lot , nothing , something 等。
7. make friends with (成为(某人的)朋友)
实际应用例子: * It's easy to make friends with her. * He quickly made friends with his new neighbors.
记忆方法: * 固定搭配,表示“与……交朋友”。
易错易考点: * with 是介词,后面接人。
8. share with (与……分享)
实际应用例子: * Can you share your toys with your brother? * She likes to share her ideas with others.
记忆方法: * share (分享) + with (和……一起)。
易错易考点: * share sth with sb (与某人分享某物)。
9. tell the truth (说实话)
实际应用例子: * You should always tell the truth. * He promised to tell the truth. 记忆方法: * 固定搭配,与 truth 搭配。
易错易考点: * 与 tell a lie (说谎) 相对。
10. keep secrets (保守秘密)
实际应用例子: * A good friend can keep secrets. * I trust him to keep secrets. 记忆方法: * keep (保持) + secrets (秘密)。
易错易考点: * secret 在这里用复数形式。
11. read stories (读故事)
实际应用例子: * My mother often reads stories to me before bed. * I enjoy reading stories.
记忆方法: * read (读) + stories (故事)。
易错易考点: * 动词 read 的用法。
12. show his books (展示他的书)
实际应用例子: * He was proud to show his books to the class. * Can you show me your new books?
记忆方法: * show (展示) + books (书)。
易错易考点: * show sth to sb (向某人展示某物)。
13. feel lonely (感到孤独)
实际应用例子: * He often feels lonely when he is alone. * Don't feel lonely, we are always here for you.
记忆方法: * feel (感觉) + lonely (孤独的)。
易错易考点: * feel 是系动词,后面接形容词。
14. make me happy (让我开心)
实际应用例子: * Your smile always makes me happy. * It makes me happy to see you succeed.
记忆方法: * make (使) + sb (某人) + adj (形容词)。
易错易考点: * make 后接宾语和宾语补足语。
15. tell lies (说谎)
实际应用例子: * It's wrong to tell lies. * He never tells lies.
记忆方法: * 固定搭配,与 lie 搭配。
易错易考点: * 与 tell the truth (说实话) 相对。
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