焦点 24 过去完成时【讲练结合】-备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过（全国通用）

焦点24 过去完成时 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过 一、概念引入 过去完成时的概念： 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文提示等。 His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected. 当他终于收到他盼望已久的杂志时，他兴奋得两眼闪光。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。 常见的时间标志词 过去完成时常常和一些时间标志词一起使用，帮助我们判断句子的时态。常见的标志词有： ①By the time 到……时候 By the time we arrived, the movie had already started. 当我们到达时，电影已经开始了。 ②Before 在……之前 She had cooked dinner before I came home. 在我回家之前，她已经做好了晚饭。 ③After 在……之后 After he had finished his work, he went to bed. 他完成工作后就去睡觉了。 ④When当……时候 When I got to the station, the train had already left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。 二、用法讲解 1. 过去完成时的构成 1）过去完成时基本构成形式: had +过去分词。 We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.  在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。 2）过去完成时的否定形式: had + not + 过去分词。 They hadn’t finished the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。 3）过去完成时的一般疑问句及其回答形式: 疑问句要把had提到句首；回答用Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语+ hadn’t.   —Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?  他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?   —Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。) 注意：had not 常简略为hadn't。 2. 过去完成时的用法 过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。 1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。  Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. 海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。 When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。 He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before. 他告诉我他以前参观过长城。 When Jack arrived，he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 杰克到达后得知玛丽离开近一个小时了。 2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。 By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years. 到我毕业时，他已经教那个班三年了。 He said he had made great progress since he came here. 他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步。 3）放在said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。 My friend told me that he had passed the exam. 我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。 He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before. 他问我前一天晚上是否看过那部电影。 She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道谁敞着门的。 【拓展】 1）用在“It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中。在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是三十九年后他们第一次见面。 It was the first time we had spoken together. 这是我们第一次在一起说话。 2）当before , after, as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧密衔接时，由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before we reached the station. 我们到车站时火车刚开动。 As soon as they got there, they started to study. 他们一到那里就开始学习了。 三、注意事项 明确时间顺序：过去完成时一定要有明确的时间对比，通常和一般过去时搭配使用。 错误：I had finished my homework. （缺少时间对比） 正确：I had finished my homework before I went out. 在我出门之前，我已经完成了作业。 不要滥用：如果没有明确的时间对比，直接用一般过去时即可。 错误：I had watched a movie last night. 正确：I watched a movie last night. 昨晚我看了一部电影。 1．By last month, the TV series Three-Body ________ a large audience. A．attracts B．attracted C．had attracted D．has attracted 2．I wanted to buy that kind of dress, because I ________ the cloth ________ well. A．was told; washed B．have told; washes C．had been told; washes D．was told; is washed 3．Miss White ________ 12 different countries by the end of last year. A．has been to B．had been to C．has gone to D．went to 4．It was surprising that Bill _________ all the emails on his computer by lunchtime yesterday. A．had checked B．has checked C．checked D．checks 5．— Did you buy any noodles, Linda? — No, I didn’t. By the time I got to the supermarket, all the noodles _______. A．sold out B．had been sold out C．has sold out D．has been sold out 6．When the doctor arrived, the patient _________ for just one minute. A．has died B．had died C．has been dead D．had been dead 7．Lisa felt very happy as she ________ well in a reading contest the day before. A．does B．did C．has done D．had done 8．When I got home this afternoon, I realized I ________ my keys at school. A．leave B．left C．have left D．had left 9．The other day I met Mary, one of my friends. We ________ each other for five years. A．doesn’t see B．didn’t see C．haven’t seen D．hadn’t seen 10．By the time they got there, the big fire ________. A．had put out B．had been put out C．had put off D．had been put off 11．How long _________ the film ________ when he got to the cinema? A．did; begin B．has; begun C．had; been on D．had; begun 12．— How is he getting along with the difficulty? — He ________ it by the end of last week. A．overcome B．had overcome C．overcomes D．has overcome 13．The old man told me yesterday that he ________ this house for quite a long time. A．had bought B．had had C．has sold 14．By the time she got to school yesterday, the first class ________ for ten minutes. A．had begun B．begun C．has begun D．had been on 15．By the end of last year, the charity ________ over ten thousand homeless people. A．helps B．has helped C．will help D．had helped 16．Robert was very upset that most of his friends ________ when he ________ at the party. A．left; had arrived B．left; arrived C．had left; arrived 17．The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ________ for too long. A．cooked B．were cooked C．had cooked D．had been cooked 18．The ________ look on his face suggested that he ________ that. A．surprising; hadn’t expected B．surprised; hadn’t expected C．surprising; would expect D．surprised; shouldn’t expect 19．The police found that the house ________ and a lot of things ________. A．has broken into; has been stolen B．had broken into; had been stolen C．has been broken into; stolen D．had been broken into; stolen 20．They ________ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A．had finished B．have finished C．had been finished D．have been finished 1．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—What were you doing when I called you last night? —I ________ my homework and was going to bed. A．did B．was doing C．had done D．have done 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates ________. A．arrive B．have arrived C．had arrived D．were arriving 3．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）—Did you see Mr. Wang yesterday morning? —No. By the time I got to school, he ________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．leave 4．（2025·北京海淀·模拟预测）By the end of last year, China ________ a series of achievements in its space exploration program. A．has made B．made C．had made D．will make 5．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）By noon, that young delivery man ________ delivering over 20 orders and felt tired. A．had completed B．completed C．would complete D．completes 6．（2025·上海虹口·二模）Stan went to the police station this morning because someone ________ his motorcycle. A．has stolen B．was stealing C．would steal D．had stolen 7．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）When he ________ the cinema last night, the film ________ for thirty minutes. A．arrived at; had been on B．got; had been on C．arrived in; began D．reached; had begun 8．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）When Alice looked for the copy of Harry Potter, she found that it ________ by someone else. A．is borrowed B．was borrowed C．has been borrowed D．had been borrowed 9．（2025·上海静安·二模）Mike ________ watering the flowers before his father told him to do so. A．will finish B．would finish C．has finished D．had finished 10．（2025·上海青浦·二模）My wife and I ________ a couple of times before we got to know each other. A．met B．meet C．had met D．are meeting 11．（2025·上海长宁·二模）Jenny ________ some photography skills for several months before she joined the club. A．was learning B．has learned C．had learned D．will learn 12．（2025·云南楚雄·二模）By the time he finished his college education, he ______ nine years in Yunnan. A．will spend B．had spent C．has spent D．spends 13．（2025·上海松江·二模）By the time the ambulance came, his heart ________beating. A．stopped B．has stopped C．had stopped D．would stop 14．（2025·上海金山·二模）By the time I called my friend to cancel our visit, she ________ the tickets to the museum. A．had booked B．has booked C．booked D．books 15．（2025·上海黄浦·二模）Emma ________ French for years before visiting France last summer. A．studies B．has studied C．had studied D．is studying 16．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）By the time the firefighters arrived, the fire ______ most of the building. A．destroy B．destroyed C．has destroyed D．had destroyed 17．（2025·上海宝山·模拟预测）When Cathy came into the room, I hardly recognized her because she ________ so much weight. A．had lost B．has lost C．would lose D．loses 18．（2025·云南大理·一模）I ________ when you called me. Then I got on a taxi at once. But when I got to the hall, the concert ________ for 30 minutes. A．slept; had begun B．slept; had been on C．was sleeping; had begun D．was sleeping; had been on 19．（2025·四川广元·一模）Luckily, we ______all the things to a higher place before the flood came. A．move B．moved C．had moved D．have moved 20．（2025·上海徐汇·模拟预测）When I finally managed to reach the bookstore, I was disappointed to find that all of them ________ out. A．will be sold B．were sold C．have been sold D．had been sold 21．（2025·北京·模拟预测）By the end of last month, we ______ over 1,000 trees in the community. A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．had planted 22．（2024·上海·模拟预测）Mom was satisfied to know that Susan ________ all her homework before going out. A．was finishing B．has finished C．had finished D．would finish 23．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）When I got to the station, the train ________. A．has left B．had left C．left D．leave 24．（2025·上海·模拟预测）The man sitting next to me was nervous because he ________ a plane before. A．doesn’t take B．didn’t take C．hasn’t taken D．hadn’t taken 25．（2025·上海·模拟预测）Little John’s mother ________ for him for an hour when she saw him at the school gate. A．has waited B．had waited C．is waiting D．was waiting 26．（2025·吉林长春·一模）By the time I got home, Mom ________ my favorite food out on the table. A．laid B．is laying C．lays D．had laid 27．（2025·黑龙江绥化·三模）—Lily was late again this morning. Mr. Wang was very angry with her. —Yes. By the time she hurried into the classroom, the bell ________. A．have rang B．had rung C．rung 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 焦点24 过去完成时 备考2026年中考英语新课标（核心素养）同步大师课堂之语法知识统统过 一、概念引入 过去完成时的概念： 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文提示等。 His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected. 当他终于收到他盼望已久的杂志时，他兴奋得两眼闪光。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。 常见的时间标志词 过去完成时常常和一些时间标志词一起使用，帮助我们判断句子的时态。常见的标志词有： ①By the time 到……时候 By the time we arrived, the movie had already started. 当我们到达时，电影已经开始了。 ②Before 在……之前 She had cooked dinner before I came home. 在我回家之前，她已经做好了晚饭。 ③After 在……之后 After he had finished his work, he went to bed. 他完成工作后就去睡觉了。 ④When当……时候 When I got to the station, the train had already left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。 二、用法讲解 1. 过去完成时的构成 1）过去完成时基本构成形式: had +过去分词。 We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.  在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。 2）过去完成时的否定形式: had + not + 过去分词。 They hadn’t finished the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。 3）过去完成时的一般疑问句及其回答形式: 疑问句要把had提到句首；回答用Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语+ hadn’t.   —Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?  他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?   —Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。) 注意：had not 常简略为hadn't。 2. 过去完成时的用法 过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。 1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。  Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. 海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。 When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。 He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before. 他告诉我他以前参观过长城。 When Jack arrived，he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 杰克到达后得知玛丽离开近一个小时了。 2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。 By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years. 到我毕业时，他已经教那个班三年了。 He said he had made great progress since he came here. 他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步。 3）放在said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。 My friend told me that he had passed the exam. 我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。 He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before. 他问我前一天晚上是否看过那部电影。 She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道谁敞着门的。 【拓展】 1）用在“It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中。在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是三十九年后他们第一次见面。 It was the first time we had spoken together. 这是我们第一次在一起说话。 2）当before , after, as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧密衔接时，由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before we reached the station. 我们到车站时火车刚开动。 As soon as they got there, they started to study. 他们一到那里就开始学习了。 三、注意事项 明确时间顺序：过去完成时一定要有明确的时间对比，通常和一般过去时搭配使用。 错误：I had finished my homework. （缺少时间对比） 正确：I had finished my homework before I went out. 在我出门之前，我已经完成了作业。 不要滥用：如果没有明确的时间对比，直接用一般过去时即可。 错误：I had watched a movie last night. 正确：I watched a movie last night. 昨晚我看了一部电影。 1．By last month, the TV series Three-Body ________ a large audience. A．attracts B．attracted C．had attracted D．has attracted 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：到上个月为止，电视剧《三体》已经吸引了大量的观众。 考查过去完成时。由“By last month”可知本句时态为过去完成时，句型结构为：主语had done。故选D。 2．I wanted to buy that kind of dress, because I ________ the cloth ________ well. A．was told; washed B．have told; washes C．had been told; washes D．was told; is washed 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】主动表被动、because引导原因状语从句、表示持续 【详解】句意：我想要买那种裙子，因为我已经被告知那种布料好洗。 考查过去完成时和被动语态。根据语境可知，想买那种裙子，可推测此处是已经被告知那种布料好洗，句子为because引导的原因状语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句应用相应的过去时态，因动作对现在造成影响，故时态为过去完成时，又因“我”和“告诉”之间为被动关系，语态应为被动，谓语用“had been+过去分词”的结构；而动词wash表示主语the cloth现在的特征，用主动形式表被动意义，时态用一般现在时，动词用“三单”形式，washes为动词“三单”形式。故选C。 3．Miss White ________ 12 different countries by the end of last year. A．has been to B．had been to C．has gone to D．went to 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：到去年年底，怀特小姐已经去过12个不同的国家。 考查动词时态。根据“by the end of last year”可知，此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had done的结构，故选B。 4．It was surprising that Bill _________ all the emails on his computer by lunchtime yesterday. A．had checked B．has checked C．checked D．checks 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：令人惊讶的是，比尔昨天午饭时已经在他的电脑上查看了所有的电子邮件。 考查时态。根据“by lunchtime yesterday”可知此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，其结构为had done。故选A。 5．— Did you buy any noodles, Linda? — No, I didn’t. By the time I got to the supermarket, all the noodles _______. A．sold out B．had been sold out C．has sold out D．has been sold out 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】sell out、表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：——琳达，你买面条了吗？——不，我没有。当我到达超市时，所有的面条都卖完了。 考查过去完成时的被动语态。sold out卖完，一般过去时；had been sold out卖完，过去完成时的被动语态；has sold out卖完，现在完成时；has been sold out卖完，现在完成时的被动语态。这里表示面条“被卖出”，所以是被动语态；从句“By the time I got to the supermarket”是一般过去时，所以这里表示过去的过去，是过去完成时。故选B。 6．When the doctor arrived, the patient _________ for just one minute. A．has died B．had died C．has been dead D．had been dead 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】过去完成时、延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：当医生到达时，病人已经死了一分钟了。 考查时态。根据“When the doctor arrived”及“for just one minute”可知要用过去完成时，排除AC；与时间段连用要用延续性动词，排除B。故选D。 7．Lisa felt very happy as she ________ well in a reading contest the day before. A．does B．did C．has done D．had done 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】done、过去完成时 【详解】句意：丽莎感到非常高兴，因为她在前一天的阅读比赛中取得了好成绩。 考查动词时态。根据“Lisa felt very happy”丽莎感到非常高兴，可知是因为她在前一天的阅读比赛中取得了好成绩，阅读比赛的时间要比丽莎开心的时间早，因此用过去完成时had done，短语do well in...“在……方面做的好”，do的过去分词是done，故选D。 8．When I got home this afternoon, I realized I ________ my keys at school. A．leave B．left C．have left D．had left 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】过去完成时、主过从必过 【详解】句意：今天下午当我回到家时，我意识到我把钥匙忘在学校了。 考查动词时态。根据“realized”及“主过从必过”原则可知，此处是从句部分，引用过去的某个时态，排除A和C选项。此处强调的是过去的过去发生的动作，应用过去完成时had done的结构，故选D。 9．The other day I met Mary, one of my friends. We ________ each other for five years. A．doesn’t see B．didn’t see C．haven’t seen D．hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】see(saw seen)、seen、过去完成时 【详解】句意：前几天我遇到了我的一个朋友，玛丽。我们有五年没见面了。 考查动词时态。结合语境和前一句“The other day I met Mary, one of my friends.”可知在过去某一天遇到玛丽之前，说话人已经有五年没有见到她了，所以空处用过去完成时，表示在过去某一时间之前发生的动作。故选D。 10．By the time they got there, the big fire ________. A．had put out B．had been put out C．had put off D．had been put off 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】put off、put out、过去完成时 【详解】句意：当他们到达那里时，大火已经被扑灭了。 考查过去完成时的被动语态以及动词短语辨析。根据“By the time they got there”可知，从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。put out熄灭；put off推迟。根据“the big fire”可知，是熄灭了大火，主语与动词之间是被动关系，故此处用过去完成时的被动语态，故选B。 11．How long _________ the film ________ when he got to the cinema? A．did; begin B．has; begun C．had; been on D．had; begun 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】begin(began begun)、过去完成时、延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：他到达电影院时电影开始多久了？ 考查过去完成时态和延续性动作。begin开始，短暂性动词；be on开始，延续性动词。根据“when he got to the cinema”可知，电影开始发生在到达电影院之前，即过去的过去，因此时态为过去完成时；再者根据“how long”可知，谓语动词用延续性动词，begin要变为be on。故选C。 12．— How is he getting along with the difficulty? — He ________ it by the end of last week. A．overcome B．had overcome C．overcomes D．has overcome 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】overcome(overcame overcome)、过去完成时 【详解】句意：——他如何应付的困难？——到上周末他已经克服了。 考查过去完成时态。根据“by the end of last week”可知，此句时态是过去完成时，故选B。 13．The old man told me yesterday that he ________ this house for quite a long time. A．had bought B．had had C．has sold 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】过去完成时、延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：那位老人昨天告诉我，他拥有这所房子已有很长时间了。 考查时态及延续性动词。根据“told”可知主过从必过，用过去完成时；结合“for quite a long time”可知用延续性动词，have是buy对应的延续性动词。故选B。 14．By the time she got to school yesterday, the first class ________ for ten minutes. A．had begun B．begun C．has begun D．had been on 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】begin(began begun)、过去完成时、延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：昨天她到学校的时候，第一节课已经上了十分钟了。 考查时态辨析。根据“By the time she got to school yesterday”可知要用过去完成时，排除BC；再由“for ten minutes”可知谓语用延续性动词be on，而不用begin，排除A。故选D。 15．By the end of last year, the charity ________ over ten thousand homeless people. A．helps B．has helped C．will help D．had helped 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】过去完成时 【详解】句意：到去年年底，该慈善机构已经帮助了一万多名无家可归的人。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语By the end of last year可知，此处用过去完成时，其结构是had done的形式，help“帮助”，是动词，过去分词是helped，故选D。 16．Robert was very upset that most of his friends ________ when he ________ at the party. A．left; had arrived B．left; arrived C．had left; arrived 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】arrive、leave(left left)、动词辨析、过去完成时、过去发生的动作/状态 【详解】句意：当罗伯特到达晚会时，他的大多数朋友都走了，他很难过。 考查动词辨析和时态。leave离开；arrive到达。分析“Robert was very upset that most of his friends...when he...at the party.”可知，当罗伯特到达晚会时，他的大多数朋友都走了。“到达”这一动作发生在过去，是一般过去时；“朋友已经走了”发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选C。 17．The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ________ for too long. A．cooked B．were cooked C．had cooked D．had been cooked 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】过去完成时 【详解】句意：这些蔬菜味道不太好。它们煮得太久了。 考查语态。句子主语They指代的是vegetables，与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合“The vegetables didn’t taste very good.”可知，“蔬菜被煮”发生在“品尝蔬菜”之前，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选D。 18．The ________ look on his face suggested that he ________ that. A．surprising; hadn’t expected B．surprised; hadn’t expected C．surprising; would expect D．surprised; shouldn’t expect 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】expect、surprised、surprising、形容词辨析、过去完成时 【详解】句意：他脸上惊奇的神情表明了那件事使他出乎意料。 考查形容词辨析和动词时态。surprising的含义是“（某物，某事）令人吃惊”，surprised吃惊的。该句表示的意思不是他的表情令人吃惊，而是他本身吃惊。故第一空选surprised。expect是动词，意为“期待”，根据suggested，可知这里用过去完成时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”。故选B。 19．The police found that the house ________ and a lot of things ________. A．has broken into; has been stolen B．had broken into; had been stolen C．has been broken into; stolen D．had been broken into; stolen 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】过去完成时 【详解】句意：警察发现房子被人破门而入，很多东西被偷了。 考查被动语态用法。宾语从句中的动作“break into”与“steal”发生在“found”这一过去时之前，因此用过去完成时。且“house”与“break into”，“things”与“steal”有被动关系。故选D。 20．They ________ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A．had finished B．have finished C．had been finished D．have been finished 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】过去完成时 【详解】句意：到上个月底，他们已经印完了500份。 考查过去完成时的用法。根据“by the end of last month.”可知时态为过去完成时，且主语They和谓语动词之间是主动关系，故选A。 1．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—What were you doing when I called you last night? —I ________ my homework and was going to bed. A．did B．was doing C．had done D．have done 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】did、done、表示过去的过去 【详解】句意   ——昨晚我给你打电话时你在做什么？   ——我已经做完作业，正要睡觉。 考查动词时态辨析。did做，一般过去时；was doing过去进行时；had done过去完成时；have done现在完成时。根据语境，“我” 在昨晚你打电话的时候已经做完作业准备睡觉了，“做作业” 这个动作发生在 “打电话” 之前，过去的过去用过去完成时，结构是 had + 过去分词，故选C。 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates ________. A．arrive B．have arrived C．had arrived D．were arriving 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：当我到达教室时，我意识到所有的同学都到了。 考查过去完成时。根据“When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates”可知，此句描述过去发生的事情对过去造成的影响，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had done”。故选C。 3．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）—Did you see Mr. Wang yesterday morning? —No. By the time I got to school, he ________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．leave 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：——昨天早上你看到王老师了吗？——没有。等我到学校的时候，他已经走了。 考查时态。根据“No. By the time I got to school”可知没有见到王老师，等到学校的时候，他已经走了，动作发生在过去某个动作之前，用过去完成时had done。故选C。 4．（2025·北京海淀·模拟预测）By the end of last year, China ________ a series of achievements in its space exploration program. A．has made B．made C．had made D．will make 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：到去年年末，中国在太空探索计划中已经取得了一系列成就。 考查动词时态。has made已经取得，表示现在完成时；made取得，表示一般过去时；had made已经取得了，表示过去完成时；will make将会取得，表示一般将来时。根据句中“By the end of last year”可知，此处表示在过去的一个特定时间点之前，即“过去的过去”，为过去完成时，其结构为had done。故选C。 5．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）By noon, that young delivery man ________ delivering over 20 orders and felt tired. A．had completed B．completed C．would complete D．completes 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：到中午时，那个年轻的送货员已经完成了20多个订单的配送，感到很累。 考查过去完成时。根据“By noon”可知，此处表示在中午之前已经完成的动作；主句后半部分“felt tired”使用了一般过去时，说明“完成送货”发生在“感到累”之前，即过去的过去，因此，前半部分需用过去完成时“had+过去分词”，故选A。 6．（2025·上海虹口·二模）Stan went to the police station this morning because someone ________ his motorcycle. A．has stolen B．was stealing C．would steal D．had stolen 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：Stan今天早上去了警察局，因为有人偷了他的摩托车。 考查时态。根据“Stan went to the police station this morning”可知，有人偷摩托车是发生在今天早上之前，用过去完成时，结构为had done。故选D。 7．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）When he ________ the cinema last night, the film ________ for thirty minutes. A．arrived at; had been on B．got; had been on C．arrived in; began D．reached; had begun 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】begin(began begun)、arrive in、动词短语、表示持续、arrive at 【详解】句意：昨晚当他到电影院时，电影已经开始30分钟了。 考查动词辨析和时态。arrived at到达，跟小地点；got表示到达时，应跟介词to，再跟地点名词；arrived in到达，跟大地点；reached到达，跟地点名词；be on“上映”，表示状态，可与时间段连用；began和begun分别为动词begin的过去式和过去分词，是非延续性动词；第一空“the cinema”为地点名词，小地点，可以用arrived at/reached；第二空“for thirty minutes”为时间段，应用be on表示“上映”，had been on为过去完成时，符合语境。故选A。 8．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）When Alice looked for the copy of Harry Potter, she found that it ________ by someone else. A．is borrowed B．was borrowed C．has been borrowed D．had been borrowed 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】borrow、表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：当爱丽丝寻找《哈利·波特》的副本时，她发现它已经被别人借走了。    考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语可知寻找副本发生在过去，且横线部分是found的宾语从句，根据宾语从句时态原则“主过从过”，即主句用一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态，可排除AC选项；结合“When Alice looked for the copy of Harry Potter,”可知，“找的时候发现已经被别人借走了”，对当时造成了影响。故用过去完成时。故选D。 9．（2025·上海静安·二模）Mike ________ watering the flowers before his father told him to do so. A．will finish B．would finish C．has finished D．had finished 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：在父亲吩咐他之前，迈克已经浇完花了。 考查时态。根据“before his father told him to do so.”可知，此处迈克浇花这个动作发生在他父亲告诉他之前，即“过去的过去”，所以应用过去完成时，结构为“had +动词过去分词”。故选D。 10．（2025·上海青浦·二模）My wife and I ________ a couple of times before we got to know each other. A．met B．meet C．had met D．are meeting 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：我和我妻子在彼此了解之前已经见过几次面了。 考查过去完成时。“got to know”是一般过去时，而“见面”这个动作发生在“got to know”之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时，其结构为“had+过去分词”。故选C。 11．（2025·上海长宁·二模）Jenny ________ some photography skills for several months before she joined the club. A．was learning B．has learned C．had learned D．will learn 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：珍妮在加入俱乐部之前已经学习了几个月的摄影技巧。 考查过去完成时态。was learning正在学习，过去进行时；has learned已经学习了，现在完成时；had learned已经学习了，过去完成时；will learn将会学习，一般将来时。根据“Jenny...some photography skills for several months before she joined the club.”可知，句中“joined the club”是过去的动作，而“学习摄影技巧”发生在“joined the club”之前，是过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时，构成是“had+动词过去分词”。故选C。 12．（2025·云南楚雄·二模）By the time he finished his college education, he ______ nine years in Yunnan. A．will spend B．had spent C．has spent D．spends 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：到他完成大学教育时，他已经在云南待了9年。 考查过去完成时的用法。“By the time+一般过去时的句子”表示“到……时候为止（过去的某个时间点）”，主句中的动作（在云南度过的九年）在该时间点前已经完成，因此需使用过去完成时强调过去的过去，其结构为“had+过去分词”。“spend”的过去分词是“spent”，所以这里用“had spent”。故选B。 13．（2025·上海松江·二模）By the time the ambulance came, his heart ________beating. A．stopped B．has stopped C．had stopped D．would stop 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：救护车赶到时，他的心脏已经停止跳动了。 考查过去完成时的用法。根据“By the time the ambulance came”可知，此处表明“心脏停止跳动”发生在“救护车赶到”之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词）。故选C。 14．（2025·上海金山·二模）By the time I called my friend to cancel our visit, she ________ the tickets to the museum. A．had booked B．has booked C．booked D．books 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：当我打电话给朋友取消我们的参观时，她已经订好了博物馆的票。 考查过去完成时。根据“By the time I called”可知，订票发生在打电话取消之前，即空处动作发生在过去的过去，需用过去完成时，结构为had done。故选A。 15．（2025·上海黄浦·二模）Emma ________ French for years before visiting France last summer. A．studies B．has studied C．had studied D．is studying 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：艾玛在去年夏天去法国之前已经学了好几年法语了。 考查过去完成时。studies一般现在时；has studied现在完成时；had studied过去完成时；is studying现在进行时。根据“for years before visiting France last summer.”可知，该动作是在过去的过去已经完成的，所以用过去完成时态，表示过去的过去发生的动作对过去造成的影响和后果。其构成为：had+动词过去分词。故选C。 16．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）By the time the firefighters arrived, the fire ______ most of the building. A．destroy B．destroyed C．has destroyed D．had destroyed 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：当消防员到达时，大火已经烧毁了大部分建筑物。     考查动词时态辨析。destroy（原形）；destroyed（过去式）；has destroyed（现在完成时）；had destroyed（过去完成时）。根据“By the time the firefighters arrived”可知，大火烧毁建筑物发生在消防员到达之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），故选D。 17．（2025·上海宝山·模拟预测）When Cathy came into the room, I hardly recognized her because she ________ so much weight. A．had lost B．has lost C．would lose D．loses 【答案】A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：当凯茜走进房间时，我几乎认不出她了，因为她瘦了这么多。 考查过去完成时。根据“When Cathy came into the room, I hardly recognized her because she…so much weight.”可知，瘦的动作发生在认出来之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为had done。故选A。 18．（2025·云南大理·一模）I ________ when you called me. Then I got on a taxi at once. But when I got to the hall, the concert ________ for 30 minutes. A．slept; had begun B．slept; had been on C．was sleeping; had begun D．was sleeping; had been on 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】begin(began begun)、表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作、表示过去的过去、延续性动词与非延续性动词 【详解】句意：当你给我打电话时我正在睡觉。然后我立刻打了辆出租车。但当我到达大厅时，音乐会已经开始了30分钟。 考查过去进行时和过去完成时的用法。根据“when you called me”可知，此处表示“你打电话时我正在睡觉”，第一空要用过去进行时表示当时正在进行的动作，可排除AB选项。根据“for 30 minutes”可知，第二空要用过去完成时表示持续状态，begin是瞬间动词不能接时间段，be on可以表示持续状态。故选D。 19．（2025·四川广元·一模）Luckily, we ______all the things to a higher place before the flood came. A．move B．moved C．had moved D．have moved 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去、moved 【详解】句意：幸运的是，在洪水到来之前，我们把所有的东西都搬到了更高的地方。 考查过去完成时。根据“before the flood came”可知，此处表示过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，所以主句应该使用过去完成时，其结构为“had done”。 故选C。 20．（2025·上海徐汇·模拟预测）When I finally managed to reach the bookstore, I was disappointed to find that all of them ________ out. A．will be sold B．were sold C．have been sold D．had been sold 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：当我终于到达书店时，我很失望地发现所有的书都卖完了。 考查过去完成时。句子描述的是过去发生的事情，且“书被卖完”这一动作发生在“到达书店”之前，因此需要使用过去完成时had done，且此处主语和动词是被动关系，需用被动语态had been done。故选D。 21．（2025·北京·模拟预测）By the end of last month, we ______ over 1,000 trees in the community. A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．had planted 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：到上个月末，我们在社区已经种植了超过1,000棵树。 考查动词时态。题干中的时间状语“by the end of last month”，表示动作在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成，因此需要使用过去完成时“had planted”。故选D。 22．（2024·上海·模拟预测）Mom was satisfied to know that Susan ________ all her homework before going out. A．was finishing B．has finished C．had finished D．would finish 【答案】C 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：妈妈很高兴得知苏珊在出门前已经完成了所有的作业。 考查动词的时态。从句苏珊完成作业的动作发生在妈妈得知“Mom was satisfied to know”之前，即过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时，故选C。 23．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）When I got to the station, the train ________. A．has left B．had left C．left D．leave 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：当我到火车站的时候，火车已经开了。 考查过去完成时。根据句意可知，火车在我到达火车站之前就开了，而got to是过去时，leave“离开”这一动作在got to之前已经发生，所以要用过去完成时，过去完成时的结构是had+过去分词，leave的过去分词是left。故选B。 24．（2025·上海·模拟预测）The man sitting next to me was nervous because he ________ a plane before. A．doesn’t take B．didn’t take C．hasn’t taken D．hadn’t taken 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：坐在我旁边的男人很紧张，因为他以前从未坐过飞机。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“was nervous”和“before”可知，动作发生在“was nervous”之前，需用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，构成为主语+had+done。故选D。 25．（2025·上海·模拟预测）Little John’s mother ________ for him for an hour when she saw him at the school gate. A．has waited B．had waited C．is waiting D．was waiting 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示持续、wait 【详解】句意：当小约翰的妈妈在学校门口看到他时，她已经等了他一个小时。 考查过去完成时。根据“Little John’s mother ... for him for an hour when she saw him at the school gate.”可知，约翰妈妈见到他，她已经等了一个小时。由此可知，“wait”持续到“she saw him”发生时，用过去完成时had done，表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。故选B。 26．（2025·吉林长春·一模）By the time I got home, Mom ________ my favorite food out on the table. A．laid B．is laying C．lays D．had laid 【答案】D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：我到家的时候，妈妈已经把我最喜欢吃的东西摆在桌子上了。 考查过去完成时。根据“By the time I got home”可知，此处是指在过去的时间点之前发生的事情，应用过去完成时had done。故选D。 27．（2025·黑龙江绥化·三模）—Lily was late again this morning. Mr. Wang was very angry with her. —Yes. By the time she hurried into the classroom, the bell ________. A．have rang B．had rung C．rung 【答案】B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】表示过去的过去 【详解】句意：——莉莉今天早上又迟到了。王老师对她生气。——是的，当她匆匆走进教室时，铃响了。 考查时态。by the time意为“到……时候(为止)”，介词短语，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时“had done”，表示截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$