Lesson 10 句子（讲义）-2024-2025学年通用版英语六年级下册

Lesson 10 句子（讲义） 2024-2025学年通用版英语六年级下册 句子是按照一定的语法规则组成的, 用以表达一个比较完整而独立的意思。句首字母必须大写, 句末则有句号、问号或感叹号。 根据句子的结构, 英语中的句子分为三种：简单句（Simple Sentence）, 并列句（Compound sentence）和复合句（Complex sentence）。我们将对简单句和并列句进行详细分析。 一、句子的成分 构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等组成, 其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分, 其他为次要成分。不同的成分在句子中起到不同的作用。 注：凡是在前面有“*”号表示的, 为构成句子成分通常采用的词类。 （一）构成句子的主要成分 1. 主语 主语是动作的执行者, 是句子的主体, 表示句子主要说明的人或事。一般位于句首。 续表 2. 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、特征或状态等, 一般放在主语的后面。谓语由单个动作、短语动词、助动词+动词、情态动词+动词或系动词来担任, 其中中心词有人称、数和时态的变化。 （二）构成句子的次要成分 1. 表语 表语用来表述主语的特征、状态或身份等, 一般在系动词后, 一起构成系表结构。 2. 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或动作的承受者, 一般位于及物动词和动词短语之后。 续表 注意：如果谓语是不及物动词的话, 它的后面往往没有宾语。 3. 宾语补足语 英语中有些动词除了可以接一个宾语外, 还需要带一个词或短语来说明宾语的身份或状态, 以补充说明其意义上的不足, 这个表示宾语的动作或状态的词或短语就叫宾语补足语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：（部分）及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 4. 定语 定语是用来修饰、描述名词或代词, 说明人或事物的特质、特征和从属关系的词、短语和句子。 Tips： 修饰像something, anything, nothing, everything等这类不定代词时, 通常放在这些不定代词的后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。 5. 状语 状语是用来修饰动词或形容词的句子成分。状语可以用来表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度等。 续表 Tips： 有些副词如often, usually, always等作状语时, 放在行为动词之前或连系动词之后。 She always goes to school at half past seven. 她总是七点半上学。 （三）句子的顺序 一般是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语, 而表语、定语、状语的位置要根据情况而定。英语里词的顺序比较固定, 可以参考下表： （四）句子的书写 在书写过程中, 句子第一个单词的首字母必须要大写, 句末应有标点符号。注意英语的句号有别于中文的句号, 英语的句号“. ”用一个实心的小圆点表示。 二、简单句 根据句子的结构, 英语中的句子分为三种：简单句（Simple sentence）, 并列句（Compound sentence）和复合句（Complex sentence）。这里, 我们先对简单句进行详细分析。 简单句是指只有一个完整的主谓结构的句子。英语的简单句有以下5种基本结构： 1. 主语+谓语（系动词）+表语 常见的系动词就是be动词, 包含am, is, are, was, were这几种变化。同时也有表示感官的动词：feel（感觉）, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste （尝起来）等。另外seem, appear, grow, get, become, turn等也是系动词。表语可以为名词、形容词、时间及地点状语。 2. 主语+谓语（不及物动词） 这种结构中谓语动词为不及物动词, 其后即使不带其他句子成分, 意义也完整。（当然也可以带状语等成分） 3. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语…… 这种结构中谓语动词为及物动词, 后须接宾语。 4. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语…… 在这种结构中, 谓语动词是带有双宾语的及物动词。双宾语指间接宾语（人）和直接宾语（物）。常见需带双宾动词有give, ask, bring, teach, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, rob, warn等。注意下列动词改后介词变化。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前, 但是, 如果为了强调直接宾语或者由于介词宾语较长, 常把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前, 这时要在间接宾语的前面加上适当的介词。 后加to的带双宾语的动词：bring, give, show, send, read, pass, lend, hand, tell, sell, write, leave, throw, owe, teach, write等。后加for的带双宾语的动词：make, buy, do, get, pay, fix, choose, draw, find, paint等。 表格中的几句例句也可改成： I bought a flower for my mother. My friend brought a pen to me. He gives a book to his little sister. My mother reads a story to me. 5. 主语+谓语（及物动词）+复合宾语 这种结构中, 有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外还需要加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语（宾补）, 意思就不完整。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式、分词、副词都可以作宾语补足语。 后面常接复合宾语的动词有：call, name, make, think, find, keep等。 在see, watch, hear, make, have等动词后面接不定式作宾语补足语的时候, 省略to, 但变为被动语态时to要还原。 I saw the boy eat the cake. （被动语态）The boy was seen to eat the cake. Exercises 10. 1 Write the sentences （按正确的语序将下列单词连成句子） 1. the film/I/enjoyed/yesterday ____________________________________ 2. the news/listened to/Lucy/carefully ____________________________________ 3. well/my brother/the piano/plays ____________________________________ 4. a puzzle/did/yesterday/in their room/the children ____________________________________ 5. quietly/the door/he/opened ____________________________________ 6. a tree/in the garden/he/planted ____________________________________ 7. before lunch/the letter/in his office/he/read ____________________________________ 8. we/at home/stay/at weekends ____________________________________ 9. a new library/built/they/in our town/last year ____________________________________ 10. music/I/like/very much ____________________________________ 三、并列句 并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成的句子。连词前可用逗号, 也可以不用逗号。并列句中的分句均用降调朗读。 并列句常用结构：简单句+并列连词+简单句 使用不同的并列连词可以表示出并列句中各分句间的不同关系。 （一）表示并列关系的连词：and, both . . . and . . . , not only . . . but also . . . , as well as, . . . Tigers can run fast, and they can swim well too. 老虎跑得很快, 而且也会游泳。 Sone students are interested in music and others are fond of playing basketball. 一些学生对音乐感兴趣, 但一些学生喜欢打篮球。（并列） （二）表示转折关系的连词：but, while, still, yet, . . . My grandfather is very old but he is in good health. 我爷爷年纪很大, 但身体很健康。 Mum is reading a book, while Dad is watching TV. 妈妈在看书, 然而爸爸在看视。 （三）表示选择关系的连词：or, otherwise, either . . . or . . . , neither . . . nor . . . , . . . Hurry up or you won't catch the school bus. 快点, 不然你赶不上校车了。You'd better go now, otherwise you'll miss the train. 你最好现在就走, 不然你要错过火车了。 （四）表示因果关系的连词：so, because, for, . . . I have to stay up late, for I have lots of homework to do. 我不得不熬夜了, 因为我有很多作业要做。 The earth moves round the sun, so we have four seasons. 太阳绕着地球转, 因此我们有四个季节。 I had a toothache, because I had so many sweets. 我牙疼是因为吃了太多的糖。 Exercises 10. 2 Read and choose （选择最恰当的答案） （ ）1. Hurry up, ____ you will miss the Maglev Train （磁悬浮列车）. A. and B. or C. but D. for （ ）2. Don't worry. Just lie on the bed for a while, ____ you'll feel better. A. and B. when C. or D. so （ ）3. Some young men think smoking makes them look cool, ____ it really does harm to their health. A. and B. so C. but D. or （ ）4. We are reading books in the library, ____ some students are talking. A. and B. so C. or D. while （ ）5. It's raining, ____ we'll stay at home. A. because B. so C. or D. but （ ）6. The box is new, ____ the colour is beautiful. I'll take it. A. but B. so C. and D. or （ ）7. Tom didn't go to school today, ____ he is sick. A. and B. because C. or D. but （ ）8. Jack is very tall, ____ his elder sister is quite short. A. but B. when C. or D. so （ ）9. Ms. Lopez wants to take a rest, ____ it is too noisy outside. A. because B. so C. or D. but （ ）10. You must keep quiet, ____ your brother is sleeping. A. because B. and C. so D. But （ ）11. Be careful, ____ you will fall off the bike. A. but B. and C. so D. or （ ）12. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing table tennis, ____ Lily doesn't. A. or B. but C. yet D. and （ ）13. My aunt doesn't have much money, ____ she always enjoys herself. A. but B. and C. so D. or （ ）14. Which is nearer to us, the sun ____ the moon？ A. but B. and C. or D. so （ ）15. The computer cost me too much, ____ it's really useful. A. so B. but C. and D. or （ ）16. There is no water ____ air on the moon. A. and B. or C. so D. yet （ ）17. It's getting dark, ____ they're still working. A. and B. or C. so D. but （ ）18. The street was wet, ____ it rained last night. A. and B. if C. for D. yet （ ）19. Rose is an America girl, ____ she doesn't like Chinese food. A. yet B. so C. for D. and （ ）20. She didn't go to school yesterday, ____ she hurt her leg while climbing the mountain. A. because B. however C. but D. and 10. 3 Read and match （从方框中选择句子并用and/but/or/because造句） 1. I stayed at home and I watched television. 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________ 5. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________ 9. ____________________________ 10. ___________________________ Lesson 10 句子 答案 二、简单句 10. 1 1. I enjoyed the film yesterday. 2. Lucy listened to the news carefully. 3. My brother plays the piano well. 4. The children did a puzzle in their room yesterday. / Yesterday the children did a puzzle in their room. 5. He opened the door quietly. 6. He planted a tree in the garden. 7. He read the letter in his office before lunch. / Before lunch he read the letter in his office. 8. We stay at home at weekends. 9. They built a new library in our town last year. / Last year they built a new library in our town. 10. I like music very much. 三、并列句 10. 2 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 10. 3 2. I bought a newspaper, but I didn't read it. 3. I was hungry, because I didn't have breakfast. 4. I went to the window, because I heard a loud noise. 5. I wanted to phone you, but I didn't have your number. 6. I opened the window, because it was very hot. 7. I jumped into the river, and I swam to the other side. 8. I usually drive to work, but I went by bus this morning. 9. Do you want me to come with you, or shall I wait here？ ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$