名词&数词 学案 2026届高考英语一轮复习

名词&数词 名词&数词 考点一　名词的数 1．规则可数名词的5种复数变化形式 变化规则 例词 一般情况下 在词尾直接加­s book→books, mouth→mouths 以­s、 ­x、­ch、­sh 结尾的名词 在词尾加­es glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes 以“辅音字母＋­y”结尾的名词 变y为i再加­es city→cities, country→countries, party→parties, factory→factories 以­o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加­s radio→radios，zoo→zoos，piano→pianos，kilo→kilos，photo→photos 有些在词尾加­es hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes 以­f、 ­fe结尾的名词 一般要变f或fe为v再加­es life→lives，knife→knives，wolf→wolves，leaf→leaves,thief→thieves 少数直接加­s roof→roofs，belief→beliefs 2.有些可数名词复数形式不是以加­s或­es构成，它们的构成形式不规则 变化规则 例词 变内部元音 man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, mouse→mice, tooth→teeth,goose→geese 词尾加­en或­ren ox→oxen, child→children 单复数同形 sheep→sheep，deer→deer，means(方式；方法)→means，series→series，species→species;Chinese→Chinese，Swiss→Swiss 考点二　名词所有格 1．名词所有格 (1)概念：名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有关系。 (2)分类： of所有格 a waste of time 's所有格 the boy's book 双重所有格 friends of your father's 考点三 名词的词性转换（一般由adj或v转换为n,详见构词法） 技巧：1．利用句子成分确定词性 (1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，要想到用名词； 2．根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性 (1)如果要填的词被形容词、冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，此时要想到用名词； On this day，thousands of people all around the world reached out to make a new positive ____________(connect) with others. Young kids want to improve ____________(fit) and learn Chinese culture，adults take classes to relieve stress brought by work，and retired people practice it to prevent health problems. 考点四　数词 1．序数词一般由基数词加­th构成 (1)以­y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加­eth，如：the twentieth/fiftieth； (2)不规则的序数词有以下几个：first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth； (3)序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一，又一”时，要用不定冠词。 2．年龄、年代的表达 (1)表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”； (2)表达“在几十年代”用“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”。 3．分数表达法 分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词。分子大于1时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如：two sevenths(七分之二)。 语法填空解题“4定向” 定向1　根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式 名词前有these、those、several、many、all、both、a pair of、a variety of、various of、dozens of、their、our、different、one of、among或数词等修饰时用名词复数形式。 定向2　根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式 名词作主语时，如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要考虑用名词的复数形式。 定向3　根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式及数词形式 表示两个(或两个以上)的可数名词及并列名词时，名词需用复数形式。 定向4　根据语境确定数词形式 表示“在……世纪； 年级； 第几个生日”时，通常用序数词。 练习： 1．During the festival, which lasts three or four days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful ____________(activity)． 2．Although they are seen as companions and part of the family today, China and Western countries have different cultural ____________(belief) about dogs. 3．Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational purposes, causing many ____________(complaint) about the unbearable advertisements. 4．Going to Cambridge University was a dream of mine, for it is one of the top ____________(university) in the world. 5．I decided to label one of my small ____________(purse), which I actually had with me that day, with her name, along with some cash inside and an encouraging note. 6．While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us, the ____________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 7．Recent ____________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 8.“Alaya，you don't have to do this if you don't want to.Nobody is forcing you.”Though I said I wasn't going to do it，my ____________(foot) carried me toward the pool. 9．Unable to express himself easily in conversation, he uses a special typewriter to write letters to his friends, and beautiful ____________(poem)． 10.Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early ____________(twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987. 11.Later, they learned to work with the ____________(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 12. BMI is calculated by dividing a _______(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squard. 13. Her __________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. 14.The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________(accessible) to the digital resources of library. 15.Believe it or not, I don’t have very wonderful ___________(memorize) of my schooldays. 16.their only __________(entertain) was listening to the radio or watching the local high school sporting events. 17. When I was a child, my parents gave me total _______(free) to do whatever I liked. 18.Adults need at least seven hours’ sleep a night to stay ____________(health). 19. In the 18th and 19th centuries, __________(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. 20. Running is cheap, easy and it is always __________(energy). 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$