语法专题之构词法 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

构词法 1.一般情况加ly。如:real really, careful carefully, polite politely, quick quickly。 2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,将y改为i,再加ly。如:angry angrily, busy busily, heavy heavily, happy happily, necessary necessarily。 3.以le结尾的,将le改为ly。如:simple simply, terrible terribly, probable probably, possible possibly, horrible horribly, incredible incredibly。 4.部分以“辅音字母+e”结尾的词,去掉e再加ly。如:true truly。 5.以ic结尾的,加ally。如:basic basically,energetic energetically。 Tips: 有的名词+ly 形容词,如:friend friendly, time timely。 后缀 例词 able accept acceptable可接受的 comfort comfortable舒适的 fashion fashionable时髦的 al music musical音乐的 origin original最初的 person personal个人的;私人的 ful doubt doubtful怀疑的 forget forgetful健忘的 harm harmful有害的 ible access accessible易懂的 horror horrible可怕的;恐怖的 response responsible 有责任的;负责的 ive effect effective有效的;生效的 attract attractive有吸引力的 impress impressive给人深刻印象的 ous continue continuous不断的;持续的 anxiety anxious忧虑的 curiosity curious好奇的 some tire tiresome令人厌烦的 trouble troublesome讨厌的 y taste tasty美味的;可口的 health healthy健康的 wealth wealthy富裕的;丰富的 ern east eastern东方的;向东的 ish child childish孩子气的 fool foolish愚蠢的;可笑的 self selfish自私的 ic science scientific科学的 economy economic经济的 history historic历史上著名的 ary imagine imaginary想象中的 后缀 例词 al approve approval赞成;批准 arrive arrival到来;到达 survive survival幸存 ance ence appear appearance出现;外貌 perform performance表演;节目 exist existence存在;生活 prefer preference偏爱 ion tion ation invent invention发明 compete competition比赛;竞争 explain explanation解释 (ss)ion discuss discussion讨论;辩论 decide decision决定 admit admission接纳;准许入学 ing hear hearing听力;听觉 begin beginning开始 ment achieve achievement功绩;成就 argue argument辩论;论据 treat treatment对待;治疗 ure ture fail failure失败;未做 press pressure压力 mix mixture混合;混合物 y recover recovery恢复;痊愈 discover discovery发现 其他 choose choice选择 vary variety多样化;种类 tend tendency趋向;趋势 后缀 例词 age short shortage不足;短缺 cy efficient efficiency效率;功效 fluent fluency流利;流畅 private privacy隐私;私密 dom free freedom自由;自在 wise wisdom明智;智慧 ce different difference差异 silent silence沉默 ness weak weakness虚弱;弱点 kind kindness仁慈;好意 careless carelessness粗心大意 th warm warmth温暖;热情 y ty ity difficult difficulty困难 safe safety安全 real reality现实 后缀 例词 er teach teacher老师 village villager村民 strange stranger陌生人 (注意:cook cooker炉灶,炉具) ar lie liar说谎者 ee employ employee受雇者;雇员 interview interviewee被面试者 train trainee受训练的人;学员 or invent inventor发明家 act actor男演员 educate educator教育家;教师 ess act actress女演员 host hostess女主人;女主持人 ese China Chinese中国人 Japan Japanese日本人 n America American美国人 Australia Australian澳大利亚人 ian music musician音乐家 history historian历史学家 politics politician政治家;政客 ist novel novelist小说家 special specialist专家 tour tourist旅行者;观光者 ant serve servant仆人 participate participant参加者 assist assistant助手;助理 前/后缀 例词 前缀 dis agree disagree不同意 advantage disadvantage缺点 il legal illegal不合法的 logical illogical不合逻辑的 im polite impolite无礼的 patient impatient不耐烦的 in formal informal非正式的 convenient inconvenient 不方便的 ir regular irregular不规则的 responsible irresponsible 不负责任的 mis lead mislead误导 understand misunderstand误解 non smoker nonsmoker不吸烟者 stop nonstop直达的 un usual unusual不寻常的 willing unwilling不愿意的 后缀 less hope hopeless绝望的 end endless无休止的 前/后缀 例词 前缀 en able enable使能够 large enlarge扩大 rich enrich使充实 后缀 en broad broaden (使)变宽 ripe ripen (使)成熟 sharp sharpen使尖锐 wide widen加宽 ify class classify把……分类 just justify证明……正确 simple simplify简化 ise apology apologise道歉 emphasis emphasise强调 考点8 -ed形容词和-ing形容词 一些动词,如:amaze, move, excite, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, surprise, confuse, interest, satisfy, please, shock, astonish, disturb, bore等,其-ing形式和-ed形式都能转化为形容词。 The story was very moving and we were deeply moved. 这个故事非常感人,我们都被深深地感动了。 Tips: 此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时的区别:动词-ing形式用来说明主语的特性,表示该表情或声音令人怎么样,因此译作“令人……的”;动词-ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态。跟踪训练 .单句语法填空 1.(2022 全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _ (meaning). 2.(2022 浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _ (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 3.(2021 浙江卷6月)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their _ (marry) ceremony in 1842. 4.(2021 新高考 卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will _ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 5.(2020 新高考 卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. .语法填空 (2022 厦门模拟)Many excellent warship crews have been trained on the aircraft carrier Liaoning.As the only female deck operation officer on it, Remila Dabul of Kazak ethnicity (哈萨克族), whose story 1._ (report) by the media in January, has attracted much public attention. Before working on the deck, Remila was a radar and telephone 2._ (operate).But when she first saw a J-15 fighter taking off, the idea of working alongside it crossed her mind.3._ eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became 4._ (qualify). During her work, Remila wears a blue helmet, goggles, and blue suits.After a J-15 lands, 5._ she needs to do is carry the heavy wire after 6._ (get) signals and run to the fighter to take a series of actions for a quick installation.“The higher risk our work is, the 7._ (firm) belief we should have,”said Remila.She has put her belief 8._ practice in her daily security and guarantee work. This year, Remila spent her 9._ (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier.Remila said, “I miss my parents in Xinjiang.I love my career and 10._ (be) willing to shoulder the responsibility to safeguard the happiness and peaceful life of millions of families in the motherland.” .写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文,并注意其中的词性转换。 Dear Tom, At present,there are a large number of foreigners learning Chinese, because China 1._ (在世界上起着重要的作用).It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China, 2._ _ (一个有着五千多年历史的国家). As for the advice on learning Chinese, I would say there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.Therefore, 3._ _ (流利地说汉语) should be based on hard work.To begin with, 4._ (充分利用每一个机会) to practise Chinese — the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it.5._ (最重要的是), even if many problems may come up in learning Chinese, you should not give up. Yours, Li Hua 答案 .单句语法填空 1.(2022 全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful (meaning). 2.(2022 浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly (rough) 200 academics — many of them climate scientists — have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 3.(2021 浙江卷6月)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage (marry) ceremony in 1842. 4.(2021 新高考 卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will undoubtedly (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 5.(2020 新高考 卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. .语法填空 (2022 厦门模拟)Many excellent warship crews have been trained on the aircraft carrier Liaoning.As the only female deck operation officer on it, Remila Dabul of Kazak ethnicity (哈萨克族), whose story 1.was reported (report) by the media in January, has attracted much public attention. Before working on the deck, Remila was a radar and telephone 2.operator (operate).But when she first saw a J-15 fighter taking off, the idea of working alongside it crossed her mind.3.So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became 4.qualified (qualify). During her work, Remila wears a blue helmet, goggles, and blue suits.After a J-15 lands, 5.what she needs to do is carry the heavy wire after 6.getting (get) signals and run to the fighter to take a series of actions for a quick installation.“The higher risk our work is, the 7.firmer (firm) belief we should have,”said Remila.She has put her belief 8.into practice in her daily security and guarantee work. This year, Remila spent her 9.fifth (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier.Remila said, “I miss my parents in Xinjiang.I love my career and 10.am (be) willing to shoulder the responsibility to safeguard the happiness and peaceful life of millions of families in the motherland.” .写作运用 根据汉语提示补全作文,并注意其中的词性转换。 Dear Tom, At present,there are a large number of foreigners learning Chinese, because China 1.is playing an important part in the world (在世界上起着重要的作用).It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China, 2.a country with a long history of more than 5,000 years (一个有着五千多年历史的国家). As for the advice on learning Chinese, I would say there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.Therefore, 3.speaking Chinese fluently (流利地说汉语) should be based on hard work.To begin with, 4.make good use of every opportunity (充分利用每一个机会) to practise Chinese — the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it.5.Most importantly (最重要的是), even if many problems may come up in learning Chinese, you should not give up. Yours, Li Hua 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$