考点02 定语从句 八大知识点梳理 学案 备战2026届新高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 考点02 定语从句（八大知识点梳理） 模块一：课前热身练 模块二：定义 模块三：关系代词的用法 模块四：关系副词的用法 模块五：关系代词和关系副词的选用 模块六：关系代词作介词宾语 模块七：定语从句的种类 模块八：as引导的定语从句 模块九：定语从句特殊情况 模块十：当堂限时检测 模块一 课前热身练 1. A group of scientists ________ study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. 2. Those ________ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 3. One major breakthrough came in 1990, ________ the Hubble Space Telescope was launched. 4. Milo especially liked going to the railway station near their home during rush hour, ________ commuting was challenging for most people. 5. In a society ________ overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect? 模块二 定义 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where 模块三 关系代词的用法 在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法 三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 who和whom who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp. = The person to whom you just talked is Mr Depp. We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. who和that 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。 (1) 先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. (2) 先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. (4) 一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. (5) 在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. 2. 关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. =We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake. Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls. 3. 关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。 ①在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away. They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water. ②限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 (1) 主句已有疑问词who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? Who is the man that is sitting by the lake? (2) 先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. (3) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. (4) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. (5) 先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director. (6) 先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. (7) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ③只用which而不用that的情况 (1) 引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden. Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad. London, which is the capital of UK, is a very beautiful city. (2) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important. This is the hotel in which you will stay. =This is the hotel(which/that) you will stay in. (3) 在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 1. （2024・新高考 II 卷） Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon. 2. （2025 年全国一卷） An exhibition... is featuring artwork inspired by Go... ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 3. （2024・新高考 I 卷） The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement... along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat... 4. The artist ________ paintings are displayed in the gallery will be giving a talk next week. 5. But like anyone for ________ you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad. 6. （2022 全国甲卷） On the 1,100 Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 7. （2022 年浙江 1 月） Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 8. Leo Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, was well-known actor. 9.Some of Canada’s earliest settlers, are thought to be ancestors of the indigenous peoples, crossed the Bering Strait by means of a land bridge from a place now known as Siberia. 10. The simple fact is that we, have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. 模块四 关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1. 关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity, stage, state… The hotel where we stayed was very clean. =The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage(which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more. 2. 关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion... I’ll never forget the time when we first met. =I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. I still remember the day when my brother joined the army. = I still remember the day on which my brother joined the army. The date when he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. There are occasions when joking is not permissible. 3. 关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard. =The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard. Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason (that)/for which she left. · 带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句 “The reason why/that...” 或 “...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well. 表语从句 “The reason is that...” (不能用why, 否则就重复了) The reason is that he is always careless in his work. 1. （2025 年全国二卷） Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang... ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains... 2. It might be the time ________ you helped a friend with their homework... 3. “You have a full preparation... which is the most important reason ________ you show up here,” I added... 4. Stand-up comedy is a live performance, ________ the performer tells jokes and shares humorous stories... 5. Gone are the days ________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. 6. （2023 全国甲卷） “There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 7. We hold the unfortunate honor of being a major city more pedestrian are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country. 8. The Spring Festival is an occasion Chinese people are reunited with family members. 9. We moved on to the north tip of the area, it was blowing hard and snowing. 10. I also found many live stream websites users can watch live performances of DJ and singers and some can even buy virtual gifts for the performers. 模块五 关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。 This is the college (that/which) I visited. This is the college where I studied three years ago. 两句中的先行词一样，都是college, 但关系词不一样。前者用关系代词that/which, 因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。后者用关系副词where, 因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 1. （2023 全国乙卷） Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life... 2. This is the museum ________ we visited last week, where there are many valuable paintings... 3. I found myself in an embarrassing position ________ I didn’t know whether to take up the position. 4. He tried to put himself in situations ________ would bring about positive emotions. 5.You are more likely to be attacked in parts of the sea ________ tourists throw in food to bring in sharks. 6. At Chinese art festivals, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills. 7. More nature-centred tourist attractions, man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted. 8. Tourism is the lifeblood of the communities call popular holiday destinations their homes. 9. The tourists came to a botanical garden, they saw the flowers blooming. 10.Cuzco is a lively city with many hotels and inns, both Indian and Spanish cultures and arts can be seen. 模块六 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands? = Do you know the person (whom/that) I shook hands with? In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) · “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice． (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors． Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels． =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels． (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.(不能使用whose) · 关系代词前介词的确定 1) 根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 2) 根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. 3) 根据定语从句的意义 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 1. Beijing is a popular destination for tourists, many of ________ travel from all over the world... 2. The device through ________ we can control our home appliances remotely is quite convenient. 3. Several days later, most of the buildings, the roof of ________ had been damaged by the hurricane, were repaired. 4. This is the benchmark by ________ students ultimately model their own passion to learn. 5. The ancient pottery, ________ archaeologists learn about past civilizations, provides a window... 6. Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with you have the deepest relationships. 7. The reopening of Notre-Dame of Paris, experts worked in for five years to restore it, marked not only a technical achievement but also a broader cultural and historical resurrection. 8. The policeman parked his car well out of sight behind a store, from he could observe the crowd without being noticed. 9. This makes the volunteers aware of the fact that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, most of are easy targets of cheating. 10. There’s enough space at Shanghai to receive this huge shipment, most of consists of coal, steel and machinery. 模块七 定语从句的种类 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。 区别： 1、形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2、语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why. 3、语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4、翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹) He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹) 5、引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. He was proud, which his brother never was. 模块八 as引导的定语从句 1. as引导的限定性定语从句 多用于the same...as ; such/so...as; as ... as等结构中。如： I have the same book as you (have). We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. I saw so grand a National Day celebration as I never dream of. He is as great a painter as ever lived. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in.（同一个） I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.（同一类） 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句 多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语） =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health. =Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know. =Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 3. as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别 ①位置的不同 which 引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如： He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man. ②先行词的不同 as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子； which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. ③which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl, which delighted him. He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. ④as 一般译为"正如""就像"，which翻译成"这一点"。 常用的结构有as we all know; as often happens; as is often the case; as we can see; as is announced/ expected/ known/ imagined/ mentioned/ said/ shown/ reported等。 1. （2023 全国甲卷） Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 2. ________ the company had predicted, the popularity of the new product increased rapidly... 3. ________ is the case with the original painting in the Louvre Paris, the digital Mona Lisa is the star attraction. 4. The old man is so hard-working a gardener ________ quite a few gardens want to hire as a full-time worker. 5.Unlike the Wikipedia article the focus is on the history of the traditional dish, this article mainly introduces its medical value. 模块九 定语从句特殊情况 1. way和time后接定语从句的情况 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 注意： 1)在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2)先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。 2. 定语从句含插入成份 定语从句中可以在主语后插入像sb feel/think/believe/suppose/say...成分，这并不影响定语从句，分析时只要找出来去掉就可以正常做题了。 如：This is the woman who the musician said was regarded as the best pianist in the country. 此句缺主语，所以不能用whom，不要看成say的宾语。 We will discuss the benefits _________ I feel have resulted from the project. that/which They went to the place ________ they believed they could find some food. Where 1. （2022 新高考 I 卷） The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range... 2. One of the most spectacular man-made projects ________ attract millions of people every year in South America is the Panama Canal. 3. The lazy boy is expecting a way ________ he can get through the exams without hard work. 4. The local market has everything ________ shows the area’s cooking culture... 5.A valley is an area of low land between mountains, especially one ________ has a river flowing through it. 模块十 当堂限时检测 1. （2024・新高考 II 卷） Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add... 2. （2024・新高考 I 卷） ...along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat... 3. This knowledge is passed down through families, ________ means that new generations continue... 4. What is the unique opportunity ________ the new project offers for the employees... 5. Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying. 6. I worked at a panda conservation center in China, saw a significant increase in panda population numbers. 7.They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, were a key stop along the Silk Road. 8. As for me, I usually help to do some housework, can not only strengthen my family bond, but also relieve the burdens of my parents. 9. Many young people, most of were well- educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams and contribute to the development of our country. 10. The team is composed of experienced and mature professionals, most of graduated from key universities in China. 11. The reason the festival is celebrated every year is to honor the ancient traditions passed down through generations. 12. The best time to visit Disneyland is during the summer and holidays, Disneyland hours are the longest, meaning more hours to play, more things to do, and more rides to experience. 13. The loss of coral reefs, often due to ocean acidification and rising temperatures, is not only tragic for marine life but also affects human communities rely on them for tourism and fishing. 14. Jiuzhaigou is a wonderful travel destination is famous for colorful lakes and amazing mountains. 15. Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist work is internationally renowned. 16. Anyway, that evening, I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up arriving home quite late. 17. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings produce tears when they cry, none of has been proved. 18.Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming, a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected, harms its fragile natural ecology. 19. Local festivals and customs, may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists. 20. The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. 14 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新高考英语一轮总复习培优精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 考点02 定语从句（八大知识点梳理） 模块一：课前热身练 模块二：定义 模块三：关系代词的用法 模块四：关系副词的用法 模块五：关系代词和关系副词的选用 模块六：关系代词作介词宾语 模块七：定语从句的种类 模块八：as引导的定语从句 模块九：定语从句特殊情况 模块十：当堂限时检测 模块一 课前热身练 1. A group of scientists ________ study the behavior of animals have found that the animals also vote to decide whether to hunt. 答案：who/that 解析： 先行词为 “scientists”（指人），在限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词 who 或 that 引导。 2. Those ________ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 答案：who 解析： 先行词为 “those”（指代人），在限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词 who 引导。 3. One major breakthrough came in 1990, ________ the Hubble Space Telescope was launched. 答案：when 解析： 先行词为 “1990”（指时间），在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词 when 引导。 4. Milo especially liked going to the railway station near their home during rush hour, ________ commuting was challenging for most people. 答案：when 解析： 先行词为 “rush hour”（指时间），在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词 when 引导。 5. In a society ________ overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect? 答案：that/which 解析： 先行词为 “society”（指物），在限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词 that 或 which 引导。 模块二 定义 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where 模块三 关系代词的用法 在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法 三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 who和whom who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp. = The person to whom you just talked is Mr Depp. We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. who和that 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。 (1) 先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. (2) 先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. (4) 一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. (5) 在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. 2. 关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake. =We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake. Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city walls. 3. 关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。 ①在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away. They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water. ②限定性定语从句中只用that的情况 (1) 主句已有疑问词who或which时 Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? Who is the man that is sitting by the lake? (2) 先行词既有人又有物时 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. (3) 先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. We haven’t got much that we can offer you. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised. (4) 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best way that has been used against pollution. Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across. (5) 先行词有序数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director. (6) 先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year. (7) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ③只用which而不用that的情况 (1) 引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh. My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden. Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, most of which are sold abroad. London, which is the capital of UK, is a very beautiful city. (2) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important. This is the hotel in which you will stay. =This is the hotel(which/that) you will stay in. (3) 在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 1. （2024・新高考 II 卷） Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon. 答案：who 解析： 先行词为 “Tang Xianzu”（指人），在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词 who 引导。 2. （2025 年全国一卷） An exhibition... is featuring artwork inspired by Go... ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 答案：which 解析： 先行词为 “Go”（指物），在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。 3. （2024・新高考 I 卷） The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement... along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat... 答案：which/that 解析： 先行词为 “steps”（指物），在限制性定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词 which 或 that 引导。 4. The artist ________ paintings are displayed in the gallery will be giving a talk next week. 答案：whose 解析： 先行词为 “artist”（指人），在定语从句中修饰名词 “paintings”，表所属关系，应用关系代词 whose 引导。 5. But like anyone for ________ you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad. 答案：whom 解析： 先行词为 “anyone”（指人），在 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构的定语从句中作介词 “for” 的宾语，应用关系代词 whom 引导。 6. （2022 全国甲卷） On the 1,100 Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 答案：who 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：在 1100 公里的旅程中，8 岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的 40 个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为 Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 who 引导。故填 who。 7. （2022 年浙江 1 月） Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 答案：that/who 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授 Kim Cobb 是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词 academics 后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填 that/who。 8. Leo Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, was well-known actor. 答案：who 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：里奥・尼尔森的童年很艰难，但他的生活中有一颗特别闪亮的明星 —— 他的叔叔，一位著名的演员。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 uncle，在从句作主语，指人，故填 who。 9.Some of Canada’s earliest settlers, are thought to be ancestors of the indigenous peoples, crossed the Bering Strait by means of a land bridge from a place now known as Siberia. 答案：who 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：加拿大最早的一些移民，被认为是土著居民的祖先，越过了白令海峡，通过一座陆桥从现在被称为西伯利亚的地方来到这里。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 settlers，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 who 引导。故填 who。 10. The simple fact is that we, have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. 答案：who 解析： 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：一个简单的事实是，我们一直认为自己在宇宙中是至高无上的，但事实可能并非如此。此处 we 是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，且 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填 who。 模块四 关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1. 关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity, stage, state… The hotel where we stayed was very clean. =The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage(which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more. 2. 关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion... I’ll never forget the time when we first met. =I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. I still remember the day when my brother joined the army. = I still remember the day on which my brother joined the army. The date when he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. There are occasions when joking is not permissible. 3. 关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard. =The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard. Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason (that)/for which she left. · 带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句 “The reason why/that...” 或 “...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well. 表语从句 “The reason is that...” (不能用why, 否则就重复了) The reason is that he is always careless in his work. 1. （2025 年全国二卷） Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang... ______ bamboo and tea bushes grow wild in the mountains... 答案：where 解析： 先行词为 “the countryside of Zhejiang”（指地点），在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。 2. It might be the time ________ you helped a friend with their homework... 答案：when 解析： 先行词为 “the time”（指时间），在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词 when 引导。 3. “You have a full preparation... which is the most important reason ________ you show up here,” I added... 答案：why 解析： 先行词为 “reason”（指原因），在定语从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词 why 引导。 4. Stand-up comedy is a live performance, ________ the performer tells jokes and shares humorous stories... 答案：where 解析： 先行词为 “performance”（抽象地点，表 “场景”），在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。 5. Gone are the days ________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. 答案：when 解析： 先行词为 “days”（指时间），在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词 when 引导。 6. （2023 全国甲卷） “There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，” 她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为 town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导。故填 where。 7. We hold the unfortunate honor of being a major city more pedestrian are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句引导词。句意：我们很遗憾地成为一个在人行横道上被撞的行人几乎比全国任何其他城市都多的大城市。“______more pedestrian are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country” 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a major city，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，表示 “在这个城市里”，用关系副词 where 引导该定语从句。故填 where。 8. The Spring Festival is an occasion Chinese people are reunited with family members. 答案：when 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：春节是中国人民与家人团聚的时刻。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 an occasion，且在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词 when 引导。故填 when。 9. We moved on to the north tip of the area, it was blowing hard and snowing. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：我们继续前进到该地区的北端，那里风很大并且在下雪。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the north tip of the area，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故填：where。 10. I also found many live stream websites users can watch live performances of DJ and singers and some can even buy virtual gifts for the performers. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：我还发现了很多直播网站，用户可以观看 DJ 和歌手的现场表演，有些甚至可以为表演者购买虚拟礼物。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是 websites，表示地点，因此用关系副词 where 来引导，表示 “在这些网站上”。故填 where。 模块五 关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。 This is the college (that/which) I visited. This is the college where I studied three years ago. 两句中的先行词一样，都是college, 但关系词不一样。前者用关系代词that/which, 因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。后者用关系副词where, 因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 1. （2023 全国乙卷） Beijing is also a place ________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life... 答案：which/that 解析： 先行词为 “a place”，但从句中缺少主语（“welcomes” 前缺主语），故用关系代词 which/that，而非关系副词 where。 2. This is the museum ________ we visited last week, where there are many valuable paintings... 答案：that/which 解析： 先行词为 “the museum”，从句中 “visited” 后缺宾语，故用关系代词 that/which，而非关系副词 where。 3. I found myself in an embarrassing position ________ I didn’t know whether to take up the position. 答案：where 解析： 先行词为 “position”（抽象地点，表 “处境”），从句中不缺主语或宾语（“know” 后为宾语从句），缺地点状语，故用关系副词 where。 4. He tried to put himself in situations ________ would bring about positive emotions. 答案：which/that 解析： 先行词为 “situations”，但从句中缺少主语（“would bring” 前缺主语），故用关系代词 which/that，而非关系副词 where。 5.You are more likely to be attacked in parts of the sea ________ tourists throw in food to bring in sharks. 答案：where 解析： 先行词为 “parts of the sea”，从句中不缺主语或宾语（“throw in” 后有宾语 “food”），缺地点状语，故用关系副词 where。 6. At Chinese art festivals, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上，有不同的艺术家们展示他们的技艺的摊位。根据空前谓语动词 are 及空后谓语动词 demonstrate，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处应为定语从句引导词，修饰先行词 “stands”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where。故填 where。 7. More nature-centred tourist attractions, man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：更多以自然为中心、人与自然和谐相处的旅游景点将受到严重影响。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词 tourist attractions 意为 “旅游景点” 表示地点，所以此处使用关系副词 where。故填 where。 8. Tourism is the lifeblood of the communities call popular holiday destinations their homes. 答案：that 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：旅游业是那些把热门度假胜地称为家园的社区的命脉。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 communities，从句中缺少主语，用 that 引导定语从句。故填 that。 9. The tourists came to a botanical garden, they saw the flowers blooming. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：游客们来到一个植物园，他们看到了盛开的花朵。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 a botanical garden。关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导该从句。故填 where。 10.Cuzco is a lively city with many hotels and inns, both Indian and Spanish cultures and arts can be seen. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：库斯科是一个充满活力的城市，有许多酒店和小旅馆，在那里可以看到印度和西班牙的文化和艺术。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 hotels and inns，在从句作地点状语，故填 where。 模块六 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands? = Do you know the person (whom/that) I shook hands with? In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) · “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构： (1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice． (2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 He wrote a book, the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors． Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels． =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels． (3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. (4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.(不能使用whose) · 关系代词前介词的确定 1) 根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 2) 根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配 Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. 3) 根据定语从句的意义 Wu Song was the man by whom the tiger was shot. 1. Beijing is a popular destination for tourists, many of ________ travel from all over the world... 答案：whom 解析： 先行词为 “tourists”（指人），构成 “many of + 关系代词” 结构，关系代词在从句中作介词 “of” 的宾语，应用 whom。 2. The device through ________ we can control our home appliances remotely is quite convenient. 答案：which 解析： 先行词为 “device”（指物），构成 “through + 关系代词” 结构，关系代词在从句中作介词 “through” 的宾语，应用 which。 3. Several days later, most of the buildings, the roof of ________ had been damaged by the hurricane, were repaired. 答案：which 解析： 先行词为 “the buildings”（指物），构成 “the roof of + 关系代词” 结构，关系代词在从句中作介词 “of” 的宾语，应用 which。 4. This is the benchmark by ________ students ultimately model their own passion to learn. 答案：which 解析： 先行词为 “benchmark”（指物），构成 “by + 关系代词” 结构，关系代词在从句中作介词 “by” 的宾语，应用 which。 5. The ancient pottery, ________ archaeologists learn about past civilizations, provides a window... 答案：from which 解析： 先行词为 “the ancient pottery”（指物），从句中动词 “learn” 与介词 “from” 搭配（learn about...from...），构成 “from+which” 结构，故填 from which。 6. Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with you have the deepest relationships. 答案：whom 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：亲密的朋友是那些你真正可以依靠的人，和你关系最深的人。分析句子可知，这是一个 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句。先行词是 “those”，指代 “close friends”（亲密的朋友），在定语从句 “with __________ you have the deepest relationships” 中，关系代词作介词 “with” 的宾语，且先行词指人，所以要用 “whom”。故填 whom。 7. The reopening of Notre-Dame of Paris, experts worked in for five years to restore it, marked not only a technical achievement but also a broader cultural and historical resurrection. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：专家们花了五年时间修复巴黎圣母院，重新开放它不仅标志着一项技术成就，而且标志着更广泛的文化和历史复兴。先行词为 Notre-Dame of Paris，在非限制性定语从句做 in 的宾语，关系代词为 which。 8. The policeman parked his car well out of sight behind a store, from he could observe the crowd without being noticed. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：警察把车停在一家商店后面，在人们看不见的地方，从那里他可以观察人群而不被发现。空格处是 “介词 + 关系代词 / 关系副词” 引导定语从句，先行词 a store 是一个地方，因此空格处用 where。故填 where。 9. This makes the volunteers aware of the fact that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, most of are easy targets of cheating. 答案：whom 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：这使志愿者们意识到，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，其中大多数是容易被欺骗的目标。“most of” 后的定语从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词宾格 whom 指代前面的 people，故填 whom。 10. There’s enough space at Shanghai to receive this huge shipment, most of consists of coal, steel and machinery. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：上海有足够的空间来接收这批庞大的货物，其中大部分是煤炭、钢铁和机械。在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词 of 后的宾语，且先行词为 shipment，所以应用关系代词 which。故填 which。 模块七 定语从句的种类 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。 区别： 1、形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2、语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why. 3、语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4、翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹) He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹) 5、引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. He was proud, which his brother never was. 模块八 as引导的定语从句 1. as引导的限定性定语从句 多用于the same...as ; such/so...as; as ... as等结构中。如： I have the same book as you (have). We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. I saw so grand a National Day celebration as I never dream of. He is as great a painter as ever lived. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in.（同一个） I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.（同一类） 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句 多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语） =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health. =Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know. =Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 3. as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别 ①位置的不同 which 引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如： He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man. ②先行词的不同 as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子； which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子） He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. ③which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。 He saw the girl, which delighted him. He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. ④as 一般译为"正如""就像"，which翻译成"这一点"。 常用的结构有as we all know; as often happens; as is often the case; as we can see; as is announced/ expected/ known/ imagined/ mentioned/ said/ shown/ reported等。 1. （2023 全国甲卷） Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 答案：as 解析： 从句意为 “正如雷切尔・卡森在书中所说”，表 “正如” 之意，引导非限制性定语从句，应用 as。 2. ________ the company had predicted, the popularity of the new product increased rapidly... 答案：As 解析： 从句位于句首，意为 “正如公司所预测的”，表 “正如” 之意，引导非限制性定语从句，应用 As（首字母大写）。 3. ________ is the case with the original painting in the Louvre Paris, the digital Mona Lisa is the star attraction. 答案：As 解析： 从句意为 “正如巴黎卢浮宫的原作一样”，表 “正如” 之意，引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首，应用 As（首字母大写）。 4. The old man is so hard-working a gardener ________ quite a few gardens want to hire as a full-time worker. 答案：as 解析： 先行词被 “so” 修饰，构成 “so+adj.+a+n.+as...” 结构，as 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作 hire 的宾语。 5.Unlike the Wikipedia article the focus is on the history of the traditional dish, this article mainly introduces its medical value. 答案：where 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：维基百科上的文章重点介绍了这道传统菜肴的历史，而这篇文章主要介绍了它的医学价值。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词 article 是抽象地点，因此空格处用 where。故填 where。（注：本题虽答案为 where，但在此处用于补充 as 相关用法场景下的类似句式对比） 模块九 定语从句特殊情况 1. way和time后接定语从句的情况 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 注意： 1)在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2)先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。 2. 定语从句含插入成份 定语从句中可以在主语后插入像sb feel/think/believe/suppose/say...成分，这并不影响定语从句，分析时只要找出来去掉就可以正常做题了。 如：This is the woman who the musician said was regarded as the best pianist in the country. 此句缺主语，所以不能用whom，不要看成say的宾语。 We will discuss the benefits _________ I feel have resulted from the project. that/which They went to the place ________ they believed they could find some food. Where 1. （2022 新高考 I 卷） The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range... 答案：that 解析： 先行词为 “all the species”，被 “all” 修饰，且在从句中作主语，只能用 that 引导。 2. One of the most spectacular man-made projects ________ attract millions of people every year in South America is the Panama Canal. 答案：that 解析： 先行词为 “projects”，被最高级 “the most spectacular” 修饰，在从句中作主语，只能用 that 引导。 3. The lazy boy is expecting a way ________ he can get through the exams without hard work. 答案：that/in which / 省略 解析： 先行词为 “way”，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，可用 that/in which 引导，也可省略关系词。 4. The local market has everything ________ shows the area’s cooking culture... 答案：that 解析： 先行词为不定代词 “everything”，在从句中作主语，只能用 that 引导。 5.A valley is an area of low land between mountains, especially one ________ has a river flowing through it. 答案：that 解析： 先行词为 “one”（指代 “area”），在从句中作主语，且被 “especially” 强调，用 that 引导更合适。 模块十 当堂限时检测 1. （2024・新高考 II 卷） Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add... 答案：who（非限制性） 解析： 从句前有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 “Tang Xianzu”，不可用 that，应用 who。 2. （2024・新高考 I 卷） ...along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat... 答案：which/that（限制性） 解析： 从句无逗号隔开，为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 “steps”，可用 that 或 which 引导。 3. This knowledge is passed down through families, ________ means that new generations continue... 答案：which（非限制性） 解析： 从句前有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个句子，不可用 that，应用 which。 4. What is the unique opportunity ________ the new project offers for the employees... 答案：that/which（限制性） 解析： 从句无逗号隔开，为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 “opportunity”，可用 that 或 which 引导。 5. Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying. 答案：which（非限制性） 解析： 从句前有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，指代前文 “people talk loudly” 的行为，不可用 that，应用 which。 6. I worked at a panda conservation center in China, saw a significant increase in panda population numbers. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：我在中国的一个熊猫保护中心工作，那里的熊猫数量显著增加。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 a panda conservation center，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。 7.They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, were a key stop along the Silk Road. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：他们正在记录和收集来自莫高窟的文物数字图像，莫高窟是丝绸之路的一个重要站点。“______ were a key stop along the Silk Road” 是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 the Mogao Caves，关系词将其代词从句中作主语，用关系代词 which 引导该定语从句。故填 which。 8. As for me, I usually help to do some housework, can not only strengthen my family bond, but also relieve the burdens of my parents. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：至于我，我通常帮助做一些家务，这不仅可以加强我的家庭纽带，也减轻了我父母的负担。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词 which。故填 which。 9. Many young people, most of were well- educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams and contribute to the development of our country. 答案：whom 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐他们的梦想，为我们国家的发展做出贡献。此处为 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词 Many young people 指人，在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，所以此处使用关系代词 whom。故填 whom。 10. The team is composed of experienced and mature professionals, most of graduated from key universities in China. 答案：whom 解析： 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：团队由经验丰富、成熟的专业人士组成，大部分毕业于中国重点大学。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，为 “介词 + 关系代词” 的结构，先行词为 professionals，指人，应用关系代词 whom。故填 whom。 11. The reason the festival is celebrated every year is to honor the ancient traditions passed down through generations. 答案：why 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：每年庆祝这个节日的原因是为了纪念代代相传的古老传统。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语用 why。故填 why。 12. The best time to visit Disneyland is during the summer and holidays, Disneyland hours are the longest, meaning more hours to play, more things to do, and more rides to experience. 答案：when 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：游览迪士尼乐园的最佳时间是在夏季和假期，那时迪士尼乐园的开放时间最长，这意味着有更多的时间可以玩，有更多的事情可以做，有更多的游乐设施可以体验。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词 the summer and holidays 用 when。故填 when。 13. The loss of coral reefs, often due to ocean acidification and rising temperatures, is not only tragic for marine life but also affects human communities rely on them for tourism and fishing. 答案：that/who 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：珊瑚礁的消失往往是由于海洋酸化和温度上升，这不仅对海洋生物来说是悲剧，而且也影响到依赖珊瑚礁进行旅游和捕鱼的人类社区。设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词 human communities，引导词用关系代词 that 或者 who。故填 that/who。 14. Jiuzhaigou is a wonderful travel destination is famous for colorful lakes and amazing mountains. 答案：which/that 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：九寨沟是一个美丽的旅游目的地，以色彩斑斓的湖泊和令人惊叹的山脉而闻名。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词 a wonderful travel destination，为物，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词 which 或者 that 引导。故填 which/that。 15. Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist work is internationally renowned. 答案：whose 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：句意：尽管屠呦呦对名声不感兴趣，她已成为一位工作享誉国际的科学家。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 scientist，关系词在从句中作定语，scientist 和 work 是所属关系，用关系代词 whose 引导从句。故填 whose。 这样的优化排列是否符合你的预期？如果对于题目选取、解析表述等方面有其他想法，欢迎随时告知我。 16. Anyway, that evening, I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up arriving home quite late. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：不管怎样，那天晚上 —— 稍后我会告诉你更多 —— 我回家很晚。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词 that evening 进行补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作 about 的宾语，应用关系代词 which 作引导词。故填 which。 17. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings produce tears when they cry, none of has been proved. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出了很多关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪的理论，但没有一个得到证实。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是 many theories，关系词指代先行词在从句中作 of 的宾语，应用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。 18.Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming, a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected, harms its fragile natural ecology. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：由于全球变暖导致海水温度升高，大量珊瑚死亡，部分珊瑚礁受到严重影响，破坏了其脆弱的自然生态。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句，作从句的主语，用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。 19. Local festivals and customs, may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：当地的节日和习俗在特定文化中可能有深刻的意义，但对游客来说可能只是娱乐。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Local festivals and customs，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。 20. The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, brings even more wealth to the surrounding community. 答案：which 解析： 考查定语从句。句意：旅游必需品如交通、住宿和食物的价格通常也会上涨，这给周边社区带来了更多的财富。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词代在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。 23 备战新高考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$