2026届高考英语一轮复习外刊精读与练习 Day 14 一项大型研究揭示控制脾气的科学新途径

外刊阅读 Step 1: Reading Venting Doesn't Reduce Anger, But Something Else Does, Says Study 一项大型研究揭示控制脾气的科学新途径 词数：349 Article Main idea When people feel angry, many believe they should “let it out”. This idea, called catharsis, compares anger to steam that must escape from a pressure cooker. Yet a 2024 study that looked at 154 earlier pieces of research shows this picture is wrong. Scientists from Ohio State University found almost no proof that venting lowers anger; in some cases it even makes anger grow. 提出“猫狗吃草”这一看似矛盾的现象，引出全文讨论的核心问题——原因何在。 “Blowing off steam sounds helpful, but science does not back it,” says Dr Brad Bushman, one of the leaders of the review. The study warns that venting often turns into rumination—going over the same angry thoughts again and again. Physical exercise, while good for the body, may also keep anger alive by raising arousal (兴奋). 列举并简要评价“自我药疗”（缓解胃部不适）假说，指出数据不支持。 论证方法：引用2008年大样本调查与2021年两项猫研究，用数据反驳因果假设。 文章逻辑：先立后驳，削弱传统观点的合理性。 So what does work? The key, the researchers say, is to reduce physiological arousal. Calming activities such as deep breathing, yoga, or taking a short timeout all proved useful in both laboratory and real-life settings. Even simple steps like counting to ten can help. 段落大意：讨论“机械清理”假说（排毛球、驱虫），并用研究结果削弱其说服力。 The team also examined “rage rooms” where people pay to smash plates or old computers. These places have become popular because they seem to offer an easy way to release fury. However, the review shows that such actions often feed, not fight, the feeling. 段落大意：提出“微量元素”假说，随即以营养学共识否定其必要性。 论证方法：提出假设→专家引语→因果否定（因饮食已均衡）。 文章逻辑：快速扫描第三种解释，进一步缩小可能范围。 Interestingly, some kinds of exercise that are usually arousing can still aid anger control if they are fun. Playing ball games with friends, for example, lowered arousal more than jogging alone. Dr Sophie Kjærvik, another author, points out that the same tools we use to manage daily stress—mindfulness apps, relaxation videos—can tame anger as well. “You don’t need expensive therapy,” she says. “Free resources on your phone are enough to start cooling down.” In short, anger should not be buried, but it also should not be poured out. Turning down the inner heat, not letting off steam, is the safer path to peace. Step 2: Exercise 【基础版（90分学生，900-1000L）】 1. What is the main finding of the 2024 study? A. Venting anger can sometimes increase it. B. Physical exercise always lowers anger. C. Rage rooms are the best place to calm down. D. Angry people should never talk about their feelings. 2.According to Dr Bushman, why is venting not advised? A. It makes people feel guilty afterwards. B. It lacks scientific support and may backfire. C. It costs too much money. D. It takes too much time. 3.Which activity is recommended for reducing anger? A. Jogging alone for an hour. B. Smashing plates in a rage room. C. Practising deep breathing. D. Arguing with a friend. 4.What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A. Ball games are more effective than yoga. B. Enjoyable exercise may help lower arousal. C. All sports increase anger. D. Friends always stop anger. 5.What is the writer’s final suggestion? A. Buy an expensive therapy course. B. Keep anger inside forever. C. Use simple calming tools to cool down. D. Smash objects whenever angry. 【答案与解析】 1. A 细节题。定位句：“Scientists … found almost no proof that venting lowers anger; in some cases it even makes anger grow.” 同义替换：increase = makes … grow。干扰项B “always”绝对化；C “best”未提；D “never talk”夸大。 2. B 细节题。定位句：“Blowing off steam sounds helpful, but science does not back it.” 同义替换：lacks scientific support = does not back。干扰项A、C、D原文未提。 3. C 细节题。定位句：“Calming activities such as deep breathing … proved useful.” 同义替换：practising = activities。A、B、D均与建议相反。 4. B 推断题。定位句：“some kinds of exercise … if they are fun … lowered arousal.” 同义替换：enjoyable = fun；help lower = lowered。A“more effective”未比较；C“all”绝对；D“always”绝对。 5. C 主旨题。定位末段：“the same tools we use to manage daily stress … can tame anger … Free resources on your phone are enough.” 同义替换：simple calming tools = free resources。A“expensive”与末段矛盾；B“keep inside”与“should not be buried”矛盾；D“smash objects”与全文主旨相反。 【提高版（130分学生，1100-1300L）】 1.The 2024 meta-analysis primarily challenges which widely held belief? A. Suppressing anger is unhealthy. B. Venting anger provides emotional relief. C. Physical exertion is universally beneficial. D. Mindfulness is the sole remedy for stress. 2.What does Dr Bushman imply by “not a shred of scientific evidence”? A. Earlier studies were poorly designed. B. Catharsis theory is completely unsupported. C. Venting is harmful in every context. D. Anger research is still in its infancy. 3.How do “rage rooms” exemplify the misconception discussed? A. They monetize stress while failing to reduce it. B. They combine exercise with relaxation. C. They encourage social bonding. D. They provide controlled environments for therapy. 4.What nuance about physical activity does the study reveal? A. Only low-intensity exercise calms anger. B. Enjoyable exertion can paradoxically reduce arousal. C. Group sports always outperform solitary workouts. D. Heart rate is irrelevant to emotional regulation. 5.Which inference about future research is most justified? A. Cognitive therapies will soon be obsolete. B. More work is needed to confirm calming strategies. C. Technology-based interventions show no promise. D. Cultural factors play no role in anger expression. 【答案与解析】 1. B 主旨题。全文围绕“Venting anger provides relief”这一传统观念展开批驳。定位句：“Venting anger might sound like a good idea, but there's not a shred of scientific evidence…” 同义替换：belief = idea；emotional relief = catharsis。 2. B 语义题。“not a shred”强调“完全没有”。定位同上。干扰项A“poorly designed”未提；C“in every context”绝对；D“infancy”与大量研究矛盾。 3. A 推断题。定位句：“‘rage rooms’ … seem to offer an easy way to release fury … such actions often feed, not fight, the feeling.” 同义替换：monetize = pay; failing to reduce = feed the feeling。B、C、D均与原文不符。 4. B 推断题。定位句：“exercise … if it’s fun … lowered arousal.” paradoxically 对应“usually arousing … still aid anger”。A“only low-intensity”片面；C“always”绝对；D“irrelevant”与arousal概念冲突。 5. B 推断题。定位末句：“More research is needed to clarify these findings…” 同义替换：confirm = clarify。A“obsolete”无依据；C“no promise”与apps、videos矛盾；D“no role”未提及。 Step 3: Learning vent 重点：词义：发泄（情绪）；词性：动词；固定搭配：vent anger on sb. 近义词：release, discharge 反义词：suppress, bottle up 形近词：event（名词，事件） 拓展： vent (动词，发泄) ├── vented (过去分词/形容词，已发泄的) └── ventilation (名词，通风) anger 重点：词义：愤怒；词性：名词；固定搭配：in anger, burst into anger 近义词：rage, fury 反义词：calm, serenity 形近词：angel（名词，天使） 拓展： anger (名词，愤怒) ├── angry (形容词，生气的) └── angrily (副词，愤怒地) evidence 重点：词义：证据；词性：名词；固定搭配：provide evidence for… 近义词：proof, support 反义词：disproof, contradiction 形近词：evident（形容词，明显的） 拓展： evidence (名词，证据) ├── evident (形容词，明显的) └── evidently (副词，明显地) strategy 重点：词义：策略；词性：名词；固定搭配：adopt a strategy 近义词：tactic, approach 反义词：randomness, improvisation 形近词：strategic（形容词，战略的） 拓展： strategy (名词，策略) ├── strategic (形容词，战略的) └── strategically (副词，有策略地) reduce 重点：词义：减少；词性：动词；固定搭配：reduce…to… 近义词：decrease, lower 反义词：increase, boost 形近词：deduce（动词，推断） 拓展： reduce (动词，减少) ├── reduction (名词，减少) └── reducible (形容词，可减少的) arousal 重点：词义：兴奋；词性：名词；固定搭配：physiological arousal 近义词：excitement, stimulation 反义词：calmness, relaxation 形近词：arouse（动词，激起） 拓展： arouse (动词，激起) ├── arousal (名词，兴奋) └── aroused (形容词，被激起的) effective 重点：词义：有效的；词性：形容词；固定搭配：effective method 近义词：efficient, productive 反义词：ineffective, useless 形近词：affective（形容词，情感的） 拓展： effect (名词，影响) ├── effective (形容词，有效的) ├── effectiveness (名词，有效性) └── ineffectiveness (名词，无效) relaxation 重点：词义：放松；词性：名词；固定搭配：progressive muscle relaxation 近义词：relief, ease 反义词：tension, stress 形近词：reaction（名词，反应） 拓展： relax (动词，使放松) ├── relaxation (名词，放松) ├── relaxed (形容词，放松的) └── relaxing (形容词，令人放松的) mindfulness 重点：词义：正念；词性：名词；固定搭配：practice mindfulness 近义词：awareness, attention 反义词：distraction, absent-mindedness 形近词：mindful（形容词，留心的） 拓展： mind (名词，头脑) ├── mindful (形容词，留心的) ├── mindfulness (名词，正念) └── mindless (形容词，不留心的) physiological 重点：词义：生理的；词性：形容词；固定搭配：physiological response 近义词：bodily, organic 反义词：psychological, mental 形近词：psychological（形容词，心理的） 拓展： physiology (名词，生理学) ├── physiological (形容词，生理的) └── physiologist (名词，生理学家) cognitive 重点：词义：认知的；词性：形容词；固定搭配：cognitive behavior 近义词：mental, intellectual 反义词：emotional, intuitive 形近词：recognize（动词，认出） 拓展： cognition (名词，认知) ├── cognitive (形容词，认知的) └── cognitively (副词，在认知上) behavior 重点：词义：行为；词性：名词；固定搭配：aggressive behavior 近义词：conduct, action 反义词：inaction, passivity 形近词：behaviour（英式拼写） 拓展： behave (动词，表现) ├── behavior (名词，行为) ├── behavioral (形容词，行为的) └── misbehavior (名词，不当行为) therapy 重点：词义：疗法；词性：名词；固定搭配：cognitive behavioral therapy 近义词：treatment, remedy 反义词：injury, damage 形近词：therapist（名词，治疗师） 拓展： therapy (名词，疗法) ├── therapeutic (形容词，治疗的) ├── therapist (名词，治疗师) └── chemotherapy (名词，化疗) resource 重点：词义：资源；词性：名词；固定搭配：free resources 近义词：material, asset 反义词：scarcity, lack 形近词：source（名词，来源） 拓展： resource (名词，资源) ├── resourceful (形容词，足智多谋的) ├── resourced (形容词，有资源的) └── resourcefulness (名词，足智多谋) reinforce 重点：词义：强化；词性：动词；固定搭配：reinforce the habit 近义词：strengthen, consolidate 反义词：weaken, undermine 形近词：reinforce（重复拼写） 拓展： force (名词，力量) ├── reinforce (动词，强化) ├── reinforcement (名词，强化) └── enforce (动词，执行) tension 重点：词义：紧张；词性：名词；固定搭配：release tension 近义词：stress, strain 反义词：relaxation, calm 形近词：tense（形容词，紧张的） 拓展： tense (形容词，紧张的) ├── tension (名词，紧张) ├── tensity (名词，紧张度) └── tensile (形容词，可拉长的) counterproductive 重点：词义：适得其反的；词性：形容词；固定搭配：a counterproductive strategy 近义词：ineffective, futile 反义词：effective, productive 形近词：productive（形容词，多产的） 拓展： produce (动词，生产) ├── productive (形容词，多产的) ├── counterproductive (形容词，适得其反的) └── productivity (名词，生产力) metaphor 重点：词义：隐喻；词性：名词；固定搭配：use a metaphor 近义词：analogy, symbol 反义词：literal meaning 形近词：meteor（名词，流星） 拓展： metaphor (名词，隐喻) ├── metaphorical (形容词，隐喻的) └── metaphorically (副词，隐喻地) validation 重点：词义：确认、认可；词性：名词；固定搭配：emotional validation 近义词：confirmation, recognition 反义词：rejection, denial 形近词：vacation（名词，假期） 拓展： valid (形容词，有效的) ├── validate (动词，确认) ├── validation (名词，认可) └── invalid (形容词，无效的) aggression 重点：词义：攻击性；词性：名词；固定搭配：express aggression 近义词：hostility, violence 反义词：peace, kindness 形近词：aggression（重复拼写） 拓展： aggress (动词，攻击) ├── aggression (名词，攻击性) ├── aggressive (形容词，好斗的) └── aggressor (名词，侵略者) Step 4: Complex Sentence 长难句1 原句： Researchers at Ohio State University analyzed 154 studies on anger, finding little evidence that venting helps and, in some cases, discovering that it could increase anger. 汉语翻译： 俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员分析了154项关于愤怒的研究，发现几乎没有证据表明发泄有益，有时甚至发现它会加剧愤怒。 层级结构图： · Researchers at Ohio State University (主语) · analyzed (谓语) · 154 studies on anger (宾语) · finding… (现在分词短语作伴随状语) · little evidence (宾语) · → that venting helps (定语从句，修饰 evidence) · discovering… (并列现在分词短语) · that-clause (宾语从句) · it (从句主语) · could increase (从句谓语) · anger (从句宾语) 长难句2 原句： The review found that most arousal-boosting activities didn’t reduce anger and that some increased it, with jogging most likely to do that. 汉语翻译： 该综述发现，大多数提高兴奋度的活动并未减少愤怒，甚至有一些反而加剧了愤怒，其中慢跑最可能导致这种结果。 层级结构图： · The review (主语) · found (谓语) · that-clause 1 (宾语从句) · most arousal-boosting activities (从句主语) · didn’t reduce (从句谓语) · anger (从句宾语) · that-clause 2 (并列宾语从句) · some (从句主语) · increased (从句谓语) · it (从句宾语) · → with jogging most likely to do that (伴随状语，补充说明) Step 5: Review 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 序号 英语 汉语 1 vent 8 relaxation 15 reinforce 2 anger 9 mindfulness 16 tension 3 evidence 10 physiological 17 counterproductive 4 strategy 11 cognitive 18 metaphor 5 reduce 12 behavior 19 validation 6 arousal 13 therapy 20 aggression 7 effective 14 resource Step 6: Translate 当人们感到愤怒时，许多人相信他们应当“把气撒出来”。这种观点被称为宣泄理论，它把愤怒比作必须从高压锅里逸出的蒸汽。然而，2024年的一项研究——汇总分析了154项早期研究——表明这幅画面是错误的。俄亥俄州立大学的科学家发现，几乎没有证据表明发泄能降低愤怒；在某些情况下，它反而让愤怒加剧。 “发泄听起来有用，但科学并不支持。”该综述的负责人之一布拉德·布什曼博士说。研究警告，发泄常常演变成反刍——一遍又一遍地回想同样的愤怒念头。体育锻炼虽然对身体有益，却可能通过提高生理唤醒（兴奋）而让愤怒继续存在。 那么，什么才有效？研究者指出，关键在于降低生理唤醒。诸如深呼吸、瑜伽或短暂“暂停”等让人平静的活动，在实验室和真实环境中都被证实有效。就连简单的“数到十”也能有所帮助。 研究团队还考察了“愤怒屋”，人们花钱在那里砸盘子或旧电脑。这些地方因看似提供了轻松的泄愤方式而广受欢迎。然而，综述显示，这类行为往往助长而非抑制愤怒情绪。 有趣的是，一些通常被认为会提高唤醒的运动，如果过程有趣，仍能帮助控制愤怒。例如，与朋友一起打球比独自慢跑更能降低唤醒。 另一位作者索菲·凯耶维克博士指出，我们用来管理日常压力的相同工具——正念应用、放松视频——也能驯服愤怒。“你不需要昂贵的治疗，”她说，“手机上的免费资源就足以开始降温。” 简而言之，愤怒不应被压抑，但也不应被倾倒。降低内在的热度，而不是放出蒸汽，才是通往平静的安全之路。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$