热点话题03 海洋探索——科学家重建了3万年的海洋之旅（阅读专练） 英语高考复习通用版

热点话题03 海洋探索——科学家重建了3万年的海洋之旅 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 古代的人们如何用简单的工具和很少的科学知识进行漫长而危险的海洋旅行到新的地方？为了验证他们的想法，研究人员用石头工具从一棵树上造了一艘独木舟重新演绎了这个过程。 【原文·时文阅读】 （文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2025/07/31/scientists-recreate-30000-year-old-ocean-journey/） Scientists from Japan and Taiwan may have solved an old mystery: how did ancient people with simple tools and little scientific knowledge make long, dangerous ocean trips to new places? To test their ideas, the researchers made a trip of their own in a canoe they built from a tree using stone tools. The first humans began appearing in Japan around 30,000-35,000 years ago. Some may have arrived using land bridges that existed at the time. But scientists believe that others arrived by boat. It’s likely that ancient people crossed the sea from Taiwan to reach Japan’s Ryukyu islands. But it wasn’t clear what kinds of boats might have allowed ancient people to complete such a dangerous sea voyage. There are 70 miles (110 kilometers) of open ocean between Taiwan and Yonaguni, the nearest of the Ryukyu islands. To make things more difficult, the route crosses the Kuroshio current, which is one of the world’s strongest ocean currents. Yousuke Kaifu is a scientist at the University of Tokyo. He has long wondered what kinds of boats ancient people could have used to make the trip. The people would have had no maps, no metal tools, and only the boats they could make by hand. Dr. Kaifu and his team began by exploring reed boats. Since reeds float, the researchers used large bundles of reeds, strapped together with vines, to make boats. But a 2016 test showed that the boats were too slow to handle the strong Kuroshio current. The same was true of the bamboo boats the team tried in 2017 and 2018. Finally, the team decided to investigate a “dugout canoe”, made from a hollowed-out tree. Again, they tried to do everything using only the tools available roughly 30,000 years ago. They made stone axes and used them to cut down a cedar tree that was three feet (91 centimeters) across. Then, still using stone tools, they hollowed out the log. Their efforts turned the log into a 25-foot (7.5-meter) canoe. In July of 2019, four men and one woman set out from Wushibi, Taiwan in the canoe. Their goal, Yonaguni, was 140 miles (225 kilometers) away. And to get there, they’d have to make it across the Kuroshio current. To guide them, the boat’s crew could only use things that they could see, like the stars and the sun. The trip was exhausting. But after 45 hours – nearly two days – of paddling, they arrived at Yonaguni. Dr. Kaifu says, “We now know that these canoes are fast and durable [tough] enough to make the crossing.” But he adds that the success of such a crossing in the past would have depended greatly on the skill of the crew. “Those male and female pioneers must have all been experienced paddlers,” he said. The researchers’ report points out that in spite of their very basic tools, the ancient sailors managed to do something that was “extraordinary”. 【原创·阅读理解】 1.Why didn't the bamboo boats make the trip from Wushibi to Yonaguni？ A.Because the boats were too weak to handle the strong Kuroshio current. B.Because the boats were too slow to deal with the strong Kuroshio current. C.Because the boats were difficult to control in the strong Kuroshio current. D.Because the boats were not strong enough to make the long trip. 2.What made the trip from Wushibi to Yonaguni a success？ A.Stars and the sun. B.Skill of the crew. C.The bamboo boats. D.The reed boats. 3.What does the underlined word “paddlers”mean in the last paragraph? A.pioneers. B. researchers . C.ancient people. D.Canoeists. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.How did the ancient people arrive in Japan? B.How to build the canoe. C.How did ancient people make long ocean trips? D.How to guide them in the ocean trips. 【课标词汇积累】 1.mystery n.秘密，谜, 神秘，神秘的事物 ● The sudden disappearance of the school hamster remains a mystery, though some suspect it escaped through an open cage.学校仓鼠的突然失踪仍是个谜，尽管有人怀疑它是从打开的笼子里逃走的。 2.scientific adj.科学（上）的, 细致严谨的 ●Our scientific experiment on plant growth showed that sunlight is crucial for photosynthesis. 我们关于植物生长的科学实验表明，阳光对光合作用至关重要。 3.ancient adj.古代的, 古老的; n.古人 ●The library has an ancient textbook from the 1950s, which still contains useful history notes. 图书馆有一本20世纪50年代的古老教科书，里面仍有有用的历史笔记。 4.voyage n.航行，航海, 航天; v.旅行, （尤指）航海旅行 ●The school trip to the science museum felt like a voyage of discovery for the students. 对学生们来说，去科学博物馆的学校旅行就像一次探索之旅。 5.explore v.在…探险, 探讨, 勘探, 摸索 ● Learning how to handle stress during exams is an important skill for students. 学会如何在考试期间应对压力是学生的一项重要技能。 6.handle n.拉手, 把手, 有柄的, 方法; v.应付, 处理 ● Learning how to handle stress during exams is an important skill for students. 学会如何在考试期间应对压力是学生的一项重要技能。 7.investigate v.调查, 研究 ● The student council decided to investigate why so many people were late to class. 学生会决定调查为什么这么多人上课迟到。 8.available adj.可用的，可获得的, 有空的 ●The new study room will be available for students starting next Monday. 新的自习室将从下周一开放给学生使用。 9.roughly adv.粗略地, 大体上, 大致上, 粗暴地 ●Roughly 70% of the students prefer online assignments over handwritten ones. 大约70%的学生更喜欢在线作业而非手写作业。 10.durable adj.耐用的, 持久的 ● The school’s new durable backpacks are designed to last for at least three years. 学校新推出的耐用书包设计至少能使用三年。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The _____________ of the missing cafeteria food was solved when they found the raccoon hiding in the pantry. 2.Our science club conducted a _____________ survey on sleep habits among high school students. 3.The _____________ tradition of signing yearbooks still brings students together at the end of term. 4.Joining the debate team felt like a _____________ into unknown territory for the shy freshman. 5. The geography assignment encouraged us to _____________ cultural differences through international pen pals. 6.Teachers taught us how to _____________disagreements respectfully during group projects.  7.The principal asked the student council to _____________ complaints about noisy study halls. 8.Free tutoring is _____________ every Thursday in the library for math and physics. 9._____________ half the class voted to extend the lunch break by 10 minutes. 10.The _____________ lab coats can withstand frequent washing and chemical spills. 【参考译文】 日本和台湾的科学家可能破解了一个古老谜题：古代人类如何仅凭简陋工具和有限科学知识，完成漫长而危险的远洋航行抵达新大陆？为验证这一猜想，研究人员用石器在树干上打造独木舟进行模拟航行。约3万至3.5万年前，首批人类开始在日本出现。部分族群可能通过当时存在的陆桥迁徙而来，但科学家认为更多人是乘船抵达。据推测，古人很可能从台湾渡海来到日本琉球群岛，但具体使用何种船只完成如此危险的航海仍是个未解之谜。台湾与最近的琉球群岛——与那国岛之间，隔着长达70英里(110公里）的开阔海域。更棘手的是，这条航线需穿越全球最强洋流之一的黑潮。东京大学科学家川井悠介长期研究古船技术，他始终好奇古人究竟使用何种船只完成这段航程。当时人们既无地图也无金属工具，只能依靠手工制作的船只。川井团队最初尝试芦苇船，由于芦苇易浮，他们用藤条捆绑成大束芦苇造船。但2016年的测试显示，这种船型在黑潮中速度过慢难以驾驭。2017至2018年间团队试水竹制船时也遭遇同样困境。最终，研究团队决定考察一艘用挖空树木制成的“独木舟”。他们再次尝试仅使用约3万年前的原始工具完成所有操作：先制作石斧砍伐一棵直径达三英尺(91厘米）的雪松，再用石器将原木挖空，最终打造出一艘长达25英尺（7.5米）的独木舟。2019年7月，四名男性和一名女性从台湾武溪出发，目标是距离140英里(225公里）外的与那国岛。为穿越黑潮，他们只能依靠肉眼观测的星辰太阳导航。这场跋涉异常艰辛，经过近两天（45小时）的划桨，他们终于抵达与那国岛。凯夫博士表示：“现在我们知道这些独木舟既快速又足够坚固，足以完成横渡。”但他补充说，过去类似壮举的成功与否很大程度上取决于船员的驾船技艺：“那些先驱者必定都是经验丰富的划手。”研究报告指出，尽管工具简陋，古代航海者仍完成了堪称“非凡”的壮举。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2025·宁夏回族自治区银川一中高三下学期第一次模拟） Scientists have uncovered communities of animals living in volcanic caves beneath the seafloor, revealing a previously unknown but thriving ecosystem. Previous research had found microbes (微生物) living underground near hydrothermal vents (热液喷口) , but this is the first reported discovery of larger animals such as tubeworms and snails in the underground habitat. Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the seafloor where hot water from the Earth’s core mixes with seawater. Much of the ocean floor is considered nearly uninhabitable. But around hydrothermal vents there’s an explosion of life. Communities of shrimp, crabs, tubeworms and hundreds of unique animal species have been previously found, but not underneath, these vents. They’re known as “extremophiles,” or life that can survive under extremely high temperatures and pressure. These species survive not on the sun’s energy, which fuels the food web elsewhere on Earth, but on nutrients produced when seawater mixes with magma. Recent scientific research has revealed that tubeworms and sea snails can be found not only on top of the seafloor but also underneath rocky sections. This discovery has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of these species’ life cycle and behavior. The researchers think tubeworms might disperse throughout the caves, with some settling and growing in cracks on the seafloor and others staying in the caves and growing to adulthood there—which would mean the seafloor and small caves underneath are an interconnected ecosystem, where cold and warm water flows mix and promote tubeworm growth. The hydrothermal vent ecosystem in this area is not restricted to what we see above but includes life in the subsurface. Deep-sea mining, which involves extracting (获取) minerals from the deep seabed, is a major threat to deep-sea ecosystems and is opposed by scientists and conservation organizations. “We don’t know how extensive those connected little caves are, and we’re unable to assess the biodiversity within the subsurface. Since seafloor ecosystems are likely interconnected. Large stretches of the seafloor need to be protected.” says Rachel Lauer, a geologist at the University of Caigary. 1．What does the new study reveal? A．Volcanic activity is frequent in the deep sea. B．Larger animals thrive beneath the ocean floor. C．There is a community of microbes underground. D．Hydrothermal vents shape the marine ecosystem. 2．What do we know about species living around hydrothermal vents? A．They feed on underwater plants. B．They rely on sunlight for energy. C．They can survive in extreme conditions. D．They favor a relatively hot environment. 3．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Float. B．Evolve. C．Frustrate. D．Spread 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to protect seafloor ecosystems. B．To stress the importance of conserving biodiversity. C．To explain the link between volcanic caves and the seafloor. D．To show the effect of deep-sea mining on life in the subsurface. 【长难句分析】 【文章原句】The researchers think tubeworms might disperse throughout the caves, with some settling and growing in cracks on the seafloor and others staying in the caves and growing to adulthood there—which would mean the seafloor and small caves underneath are an interconnected ecosystem, where cold and warm water flows mix and promote tubeworm growth. 【句式分析】 这个长句是一个包含多层信息的复合句，通过破折号和连接词将多个分句逻辑串联。Think后宾语从句，宾语从句中，with some settling and growing in cracks on the seafloor and others staying in the caves and growing to adulthood there是with的独立主格结构，some和others并列，staying和growing并列，破折号解释作用，用非限制性定语从句引导，定语从句中mean相当于系动词，其后是表语从句，其中where引导定语从句。 【翻译】研究人员认为，管状蠕虫可能会分散到整个洞穴中，一些管状蠕虫会在海底的裂缝中定居和生长，另一些则留在洞穴中，在那里长大成年——这意味着海底和海底的小洞穴是一个相互联系的生态系统，冷水和暖水混合流动，促进管状蠕虫的生长。 Passage2阅读理解 （2026·广西部分学校高三上学期开学） Enric Sala is a former university professor, and quit the academic field to become a full-time environmental protector. In 2008, he founded Pristine Seas, a project that combines exploration, research, public policy and media to inspire the creation of ocean protection areas. It aims to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 for the benefit of nature and humanity. Less than 8% is currently protected. To date, the project has helped to create 29 of the largest ocean reserves on the planet, covering an area of over 6.9 million square kilometers, an area which is twice the size of India. The achievements are the result of Enric’s 36 trips across the globe, from the Southern Line Islands to Greenland and Alaska. The ongoing ocean protection efforts show Enric’s lifelong passion. He says he admires a famous French filmmaker and undersea explorer. Growing up in Catalonia in the 1970s, he would sit in front of TV watching his hero every Sunday. He was fascinated by the amazing places, the brave underwater explorers and the wonderful creatures. All was what he wanted to do in his life. Enric writes that in the last century alone, humans have removed over 90% of the ocean’s large fish, yet less than 8%of the ocean is under protection. It is possible to make the ocean continuously beneficial to people and the planet. All humans must do is rewild the sea. Enric writes that preserving the planet’s wild places, on land and in the ocean, is a matter of human survival and economic importance in his book, The Nature of Nature: Why We Need the Wild, published in 2020. The process of rewilding, or recovering and protecting natural processes, allows nature to do the hard work for us. Mentioning the successes of wildlife recovery in Yellowstone National Park, Mozambique National Parks, and the Southern Line Islands, Enric adds that our natural world can be a lasting and strong engine of regeneration (再生), and that we just need to give it some space. 5．What is the goal of Pristine Seas by the year they set? A．To protect at least a third of the ocean. B．To conserve a minimum of 30% of the ocean. C．To document underwater species in Catalonia. D．To build 29 of the largest ocean reserves on Earth. 6．What inspired Enric to devote himself to ocean protection? A．His dream of becoming a famous sea explorer. B．His tiring experience as a university professor. C．His passion for the unknown underwater world. D．His admiration for what a French filmmaker did. 7．According to Enric, what is essential to hold the ocean’s benefits to humans? A．Rewilding the sea. B．Strengthening fishing activities. C．Increasing ocean exploration. D．Educating people on marine life. 8．Why does Enric mention the example of the wildlife recovery successes? A．To highlight the importance of national parks. B．To prove that nature can regenerate if given space. C．To criticize the impact of human activities on wildlife. D．To compare different methods of environmental protection. 【词汇积累】 1.quit .离开, 放弃，离任, 停止，戒掉, 退出（程序） 2.environmental adj.环境的, 自然/生态环境的 3.humanity n.人类, 人性, 人道, 人文学科 4. inspire v.激励, 启发, 赋予灵感, 唤起(感情), 吸入（空气） 5.fascinated adj.着迷的, 被深深吸引的 6.beneficial adj.有益的，有帮助的 7.continuously adv.连续不断地，接连地, 时时刻刻 8.regeneration n.<生>再生, 恢复, <宗>（灵魂的）重生 Passage 3 7选5 （2026·广东省部分学校高三上学期开学） Tourists walking along Australia’s Sunshine Coast now find an unusual souvenir (纪念品) shop. Instead of plastic toys, shelves are filled with sandcastle kits made from dried seaweed. These earth-friendly molds (模具) create temporary sculptures. 1 The “Ocean Shapes” company makes these special kits. Each $15 set includes three toys that break down naturally and are shaped like sea turtles, starfish, and seashells, plus a small digging tool. Their website says: “ 2 Watch them return to the sea. This is how vacation memories should disappear.” Bright green packaging shows children building a sandcastle that slowly disappears with the waves. “Every kit sold funds beach clean-up programs,” says the company’s boss, a former surfing star. Sunshine Coast’s white beaches attract millions yearly. 3 Last year, volunteers picked up over 12 tons of rubbish left by visitors just during Christmas. Old plastic beach toys make up 40% of this waste, taking 500 years to break down. Broken tools often hurt sea animals that think they’re food. 4 For twenty years, scientists have tried using seaweed instead of plastic. They boil seaweed into thick liquid, and then press it into shapes. Old versions had bad smells, but new methods remove them while keeping the material strong. Mayor Tom Carter likes the idea but says, “We ask visitors to buy local honey or handmade hats. Our surf schools now offer seaweed toys for free to make less waste. If you buy them and they don’t disappear fully, take the pieces away. 5 ” Next summer, his team will add bright yellow seaweed recycling boxes shaped like dolphins on busy beaches. A．The ocean isn’t a rubbish bin. B．Play with nature, not against it. C．Keep the material strong enough for play. D．Seaweed products are not completely new. E．You have to return the seaweed toys in advance. F．They can break down in the ocean within hours, not polluting it. G．Famous for clear water and surfing, this area has growing plastic problems. Passage 4 完形填空 （2025·河南省新郑双语高级中学提升卷03） Using the natural elements around her, Kala Baybatan Tanaka navigated (航行) the ocean in a small boat. Kala has deep ties to her Hawaiian roots. Her ancestors 1 the oceans for centuries using their 2 of the stars, the sun, the currents and the wind. Today, she does the same. She uses the 3 technology around her. It’s called Wayfinding, and it was 4 to her by her father. He taught her how to read the stars and how to 5 them to hold the course. During the day, Kala used the 6 until it hit a certain height. When she got closer to 7 , she looked for certain species of land birds and stationary (不变的) clouds that 8 there was land below. The 9 from California to Hawaii required Kala to spend long hours 10 the day and the night skies. When she is not 11 , she teaches Wayfinding skills to school-aged children in hopes of 12 the skills that her ancestors used to 13 . It’s easy to get lost in the technology of our day, to be consumed by screens and 14 the nature around us. But if we take the time to look up, to see the stars and the sun, the way the clouds move, we will discover something that will 15 lead to happiness. 1．A．discovered B．represented C．protected D．navigated 2．A．interest B．inspiration C．knowledge D．background 3．A．artificial B．natural C．cultural D．national 4．A．opposed B．taught C．moved D．pushed 5．A．use B．report C．evaluate D．avoid 6．A．star B．wind C．moon D．sun 7．A．land B．water C．sand D．desert 8．A．promised B．described C．showed D．advocated 9．A．voyage B．flight C．adventure D．experience 10．A．searching B．enjoying C．affecting D．studying 11．A．cooking B．sailing C．cleaning D．playing 12．A．preventing B．producing C．preserving D．choosing 13．A．rely on B．turn off C．break away D．calm down 14．A．appreciate B．accept C．notice D．miss 15．A．hardly B．always C．never D．seldom Passage 5 语法填空 （2025·辽宁省名校联盟高考模拟卷押题卷英语（一）） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Earth’s oceans are vast bodies of salty water that cover about 71% of the Earth’s surface. There are four major oceans, 1 are divided by land masses. The Pacific Ocean is the largest, covering over 63 million square miles. It stretches from the Arctic to the Southern Ocean and 2 (bound) by Asia, Australia and the Americas. The Atlantic Ocean, the second-largest, 3 (cover) an area of about 41 million square miles, lying between the Americas, Europe and Africa, with the Arctic Ocean to the north and the Southern Ocean to the south. The Indian Ocean is the third-largest, covering almost 20% of the world’s water surface. It is surrounded by Asia, Africa, Australia and the Southern Ocean. The Arctic Ocean, 4 (locate) in the Arctic polar region, is the smallest. It is almost centered on the North Pole and is bordered by Eurasia, North America and Greenland. These oceans are moving constantly due 5 currents and waves. They play a crucial role in 6 (adjust) the Earth’s climate by absorbing heat from 7 atmosphere. The oceans are also home to a vast range of sea life, including 8 (whale), the largest creatures on Earth. Human activities have 9 (significance) impacts on the health of the oceans. Understanding the oceans is essential for the 10 (survive) of our planet, as they are a critical part of the Earth’s life support system. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 热点话题03 海洋探索——科学家重建了3万年的海洋之旅 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 古代的人们如何用简单的工具和很少的科学知识进行漫长而危险的海洋旅行到新的地方？为了验证他们的想法，研究人员用石头工具从一棵树上造了一艘独木舟重新演绎了这个过程。 【原文·时文阅读】 （文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2025/07/31/scientists-recreate-30000-year-old-ocean-journey/） Scientists from Japan and Taiwan may have solved an old mystery: how did ancient people with simple tools and little scientific knowledge make long, dangerous ocean trips to new places? To test their ideas, the researchers made a trip of their own in a canoe they built from a tree using stone tools. The first humans began appearing in Japan around 30,000-35,000 years ago. Some may have arrived using land bridges that existed at the time. But scientists believe that others arrived by boat. It’s likely that ancient people crossed the sea from Taiwan to reach Japan’s Ryukyu islands. But it wasn’t clear what kinds of boats might have allowed ancient people to complete such a dangerous sea voyage. There are 70 miles (110 kilometers) of open ocean between Taiwan and Yonaguni, the nearest of the Ryukyu islands. To make things more difficult, the route crosses the Kuroshio current, which is one of the world’s strongest ocean currents. Yousuke Kaifu is a scientist at the University of Tokyo. He has long wondered what kinds of boats ancient people could have used to make the trip. The people would have had no maps, no metal tools, and only the boats they could make by hand. Dr. Kaifu and his team began by exploring reed boats. Since reeds float, the researchers used large bundles of reeds, strapped together with vines, to make boats. But a 2016 test showed that the boats were too slow to handle the strong Kuroshio current. The same was true of the bamboo boats the team tried in 2017 and 2018. Finally, the team decided to investigate a “dugout canoe”, made from a hollowed-out tree. Again, they tried to do everything using only the tools available roughly 30,000 years ago. They made stone axes and used them to cut down a cedar tree that was three feet (91 centimeters) across. Then, still using stone tools, they hollowed out the log. Their efforts turned the log into a 25-foot (7.5-meter) canoe. In July of 2019, four men and one woman set out from Wushibi, Taiwan in the canoe. Their goal, Yonaguni, was 140 miles (225 kilometers) away. And to get there, they’d have to make it across the Kuroshio current. To guide them, the boat’s crew could only use things that they could see, like the stars and the sun. The trip was exhausting. But after 45 hours – nearly two days – of paddling, they arrived at Yonaguni. Dr. Kaifu says, “We now know that these canoes are fast and durable [tough] enough to make the crossing.” But he adds that the success of such a crossing in the past would have depended greatly on the skill of the crew. “Those male and female pioneers must have all been experienced paddlers,” he said. The researchers’ report points out that in spite of their very basic tools, the ancient sailors managed to do something that was “extraordinary”. 【原创·阅读理解】 1.Why didn't the bamboo boats make the trip from Wushibi to Yonaguni？ A.Because the boats were too weak to handle the strong Kuroshio current. B.Because the boats were too slow to deal with the strong Kuroshio current. C.Because the boats were difficult to control in the strong Kuroshio current. D.Because the boats were not strong enough to make the long trip. B细节理解。根据文章中的But a 2016 test showed that the boats were too slow to handle the strong Kuroshio current. The same was true of the bamboo boats the team tried in 2017 and 2018.根据文章中的 2016年的一次测试表明，这些船太慢了，无法应对强大的黑潮。该团队在2017年和2018年尝试的竹制船也是如此。故选B。 2.What made the trip from Wushibi to Yonaguni a success？ A.Stars and the sun. B.Skill of the crew. C.The bamboo boats. D.The reed boats. B细节理解。根据文章中的But he adds that the success of such a crossing in the past would have depended greatly on the skill of the crew.“Those male and female pioneers must have all been experienced paddlers,” he said.他补充说，过去这样的横渡能否成功很大程度上取决于船员的技能。“那些男性和女性先驱者一定都是经验丰富的划桨手，”他说。故选B。 3.What does the underlined word “paddlers”mean in the last paragraph? A.pioneers. B. researchers . C.ancient people. D.Canoeists. D猜测词义题。根据文章中的“Those male and female pioneers must have all been experienced paddlers,” he said. The researchers’ report points out that in spite of their very basic tools, the ancient sailors managed to do something that was “extraordinary”.研究人员的报告指出，尽管他们使用的工具非常简单，但古代水手们还是完成了“非凡”的壮举。根据句子中的sailors可以推知，paddlers是与之相关的词，由此推知，Canoeists划独木舟的人。故选D。 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.How did the ancient people arrive in Japan? B.How to build the canoe. C.How did ancient people make long ocean trips? D.How to guide them in the ocean trips. C主旨大意。根据文章中的Scientists from Japan and Taiwan may have solved an old mystery: how did ancient people with simple tools and little scientific knowledge make long, dangerous ocean trips to new places? To test their ideas, the researchers made a trip of their own in a canoe they built from a tree using stone tools.可知，文章主要讲述了：古代的人们是如何用简单的工具和很少的科学知识进行漫长而危险的海洋旅行到新的地方的？故选C。 【课标词汇积累】 1.mystery n.秘密，谜, 神秘，神秘的事物 ● The sudden disappearance of the school hamster remains a mystery, though some suspect it escaped through an open cage.学校仓鼠的突然失踪仍是个谜，尽管有人怀疑它是从打开的笼子里逃走的。 2.scientific adj.科学（上）的, 细致严谨的 ●Our scientific experiment on plant growth showed that sunlight is crucial for photosynthesis. 我们关于植物生长的科学实验表明，阳光对光合作用至关重要。 3.ancient adj.古代的, 古老的; n.古人 ●The library has an ancient textbook from the 1950s, which still contains useful history notes. 图书馆有一本20世纪50年代的古老教科书，里面仍有有用的历史笔记。 4.voyage n.航行，航海, 航天; v.旅行, （尤指）航海旅行 ●The school trip to the science museum felt like a voyage of discovery for the students. 对学生们来说，去科学博物馆的学校旅行就像一次探索之旅。 5.explore v.在…探险, 探讨, 勘探, 摸索 ● Learning how to handle stress during exams is an important skill for students. 学会如何在考试期间应对压力是学生的一项重要技能。 6.handle n.拉手, 把手, 有柄的, 方法; v.应付, 处理 ● Learning how to handle stress during exams is an important skill for students. 学会如何在考试期间应对压力是学生的一项重要技能。 7.investigate v.调查, 研究 ● The student council decided to investigate why so many people were late to class. 学生会决定调查为什么这么多人上课迟到。 8.available adj.可用的，可获得的, 有空的 ●The new study room will be available for students starting next Monday. 新的自习室将从下周一开放给学生使用。 9.roughly adv.粗略地, 大体上, 大致上, 粗暴地 ●Roughly 70% of the students prefer online assignments over handwritten ones. 大约70%的学生更喜欢在线作业而非手写作业。 10.durable adj.耐用的, 持久的 ● The school’s new durable backpacks are designed to last for at least three years. 学校新推出的耐用书包设计至少能使用三年。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The _____________ of the missing cafeteria food was solved when they found the raccoon hiding in the pantry. 2.Our science club conducted a _____________ survey on sleep habits among high school students. 3.The _____________ tradition of signing yearbooks still brings students together at the end of term. 4.Joining the debate team felt like a _____________ into unknown territory for the shy freshman. 5. The geography assignment encouraged us to _____________ cultural differences through international pen pals. 6.Teachers taught us how to _____________disagreements respectfully during group projects.  7.The principal asked the student council to _____________ complaints about noisy study halls. 8.Free tutoring is _____________ every Thursday in the library for math and physics. 9._____________ half the class voted to extend the lunch break by 10 minutes. 10.The _____________ lab coats can withstand frequent washing and chemical spills. Keys: 1.mystery食堂食物失踪之谜终于解开——原来是一只浣熊躲在储藏室里。 2.scientific科学社针对高中生睡眠习惯开展了一项科学调查。 3.ancient在期末，签名留念的年册这一古老传统依然让学生们聚在一起。 4.voyage对害羞的新生来说，加入辩论队就像一场未知领域的航行。 5. explore地理作业鼓励我们通过国际笔友探索文化差异。 6.handle 老师教我们如何在小组项目中礼貌地处理分歧。 7.investigate 校长让学生会调查关于自习室嘈杂的投诉。 8.available每周四图书馆提供免费的数学和物理辅导。 9.Roughly大约一半同学投票赞成将午休延长10分钟。 10.durable这些耐用的实验服能经受频繁清洗和化学试剂的泼溅。 【参考译文】 日本和台湾的科学家可能破解了一个古老谜题：古代人类如何仅凭简陋工具和有限科学知识，完成漫长而危险的远洋航行抵达新大陆？为验证这一猜想，研究人员用石器在树干上打造独木舟进行模拟航行。约3万至3.5万年前，首批人类开始在日本出现。部分族群可能通过当时存在的陆桥迁徙而来，但科学家认为更多人是乘船抵达。据推测，古人很可能从台湾渡海来到日本琉球群岛，但具体使用何种船只完成如此危险的航海仍是个未解之谜。台湾与最近的琉球群岛——与那国岛之间，隔着长达70英里(110公里）的开阔海域。更棘手的是，这条航线需穿越全球最强洋流之一的黑潮。东京大学科学家川井悠介长期研究古船技术，他始终好奇古人究竟使用何种船只完成这段航程。当时人们既无地图也无金属工具，只能依靠手工制作的船只。川井团队最初尝试芦苇船，由于芦苇易浮，他们用藤条捆绑成大束芦苇造船。但2016年的测试显示，这种船型在黑潮中速度过慢难以驾驭。2017至2018年间团队试水竹制船时也遭遇同样困境。最终，研究团队决定考察一艘用挖空树木制成的“独木舟”。他们再次尝试仅使用约3万年前的原始工具完成所有操作：先制作石斧砍伐一棵直径达三英尺(91厘米）的雪松，再用石器将原木挖空，最终打造出一艘长达25英尺（7.5米）的独木舟。2019年7月，四名男性和一名女性从台湾武溪出发，目标是距离140英里(225公里）外的与那国岛。为穿越黑潮，他们只能依靠肉眼观测的星辰太阳导航。这场跋涉异常艰辛，经过近两天（45小时）的划桨，他们终于抵达与那国岛。凯夫博士表示：“现在我们知道这些独木舟既快速又足够坚固，足以完成横渡。”但他补充说，过去类似壮举的成功与否很大程度上取决于船员的驾船技艺：“那些先驱者必定都是经验丰富的划手。”研究报告指出，尽管工具简陋，古代航海者仍完成了堪称“非凡”的壮举。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2025·宁夏回族自治区银川一中高三下学期第一次模拟） Scientists have uncovered communities of animals living in volcanic caves beneath the seafloor, revealing a previously unknown but thriving ecosystem. Previous research had found microbes (微生物) living underground near hydrothermal vents (热液喷口) , but this is the first reported discovery of larger animals such as tubeworms and snails in the underground habitat. Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the seafloor where hot water from the Earth’s core mixes with seawater. Much of the ocean floor is considered nearly uninhabitable. But around hydrothermal vents there’s an explosion of life. Communities of shrimp, crabs, tubeworms and hundreds of unique animal species have been previously found, but not underneath, these vents. They’re known as “extremophiles,” or life that can survive under extremely high temperatures and pressure. These species survive not on the sun’s energy, which fuels the food web elsewhere on Earth, but on nutrients produced when seawater mixes with magma. Recent scientific research has revealed that tubeworms and sea snails can be found not only on top of the seafloor but also underneath rocky sections. This discovery has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of these species’ life cycle and behavior. The researchers think tubeworms might disperse throughout the caves, with some settling and growing in cracks on the seafloor and others staying in the caves and growing to adulthood there—which would mean the seafloor and small caves underneath are an interconnected ecosystem, where cold and warm water flows mix and promote tubeworm growth. The hydrothermal vent ecosystem in this area is not restricted to what we see above but includes life in the subsurface. Deep-sea mining, which involves extracting (获取) minerals from the deep seabed, is a major threat to deep-sea ecosystems and is opposed by scientists and conservation organizations. “We don’t know how extensive those connected little caves are, and we’re unable to assess the biodiversity within the subsurface. Since seafloor ecosystems are likely interconnected. Large stretches of the seafloor need to be protected.” says Rachel Lauer, a geologist at the University of Caigary. 1．What does the new study reveal? A．Volcanic activity is frequent in the deep sea. B．Larger animals thrive beneath the ocean floor. C．There is a community of microbes underground. D．Hydrothermal vents shape the marine ecosystem. 2．What do we know about species living around hydrothermal vents? A．They feed on underwater plants. B．They rely on sunlight for energy. C．They can survive in extreme conditions. D．They favor a relatively hot environment. 3．What does the underlined word “disperse” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Float. B．Evolve. C．Frustrate. D．Spread 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To call on people to protect seafloor ecosystems. B．To stress the importance of conserving biodiversity. C．To explain the link between volcanic caves and the seafloor. D．To show the effect of deep-sea mining on life in the subsurface. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家在海底火山洞穴中发现的新生态系统及对深海生物生存方式的全新认识。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Previous research had found microbes (微生物) living underground near hydrothermal vents (热液喷口) , but this is the first reported discovery of larger animals such as tubeworms and snails in the underground habitat.(早期研究曾发现微生物生活在靠近热液喷口的地下，但这是首次报道在地下栖息地中发现管状蠕虫和蜗牛等较大的动物)”可知，研究揭示了体型较大的动物在海床之下繁衍生长。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They’re known as ‘extremophiles,’ or life that can survive under extremely high temperatures and pressure. (它们被称为‘极端微生物’，即可以在极高的温度和压力下生存的生命)”可知，这些物种能够在极端条件下生存。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“with some settling and growing in cracks on the seafloor and others staying in the caves and growing to adulthood there(一些在海底的裂缝中定居和成长，另一些则留在洞穴中并生长到成年)”可知，研究人员推测管虫可能分散到整个洞穴，有的在海底裂缝中定居生长，有的留在洞穴中并生长到成年，所以disperse意为“分散、分布”，与“Spread”同义。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Deep-sea mining, which involves extracting (获取) minerals from the deep seabed, is a major threat to deep-sea ecosystems and is opposed by scientists and conservation organizations. ‘We don’t know how extensive those connected little caves are, and we’re unable to assess the biodiversity within the subsurface. Since seafloor ecosystems are likely interconnected. Large stretches of the seafloor need to be protected.’ says Rachel Lauer, a geologist at the University of Caigary.(深海采矿涉及从深海海底开采矿物，是对深海生态系统的主要威胁，受到科学家和保护组织的反对。凯加里大学地质学家Rachel Lauer说：‘我们不知道这些相连的小洞穴有多大，也无法评估地下的生物多样性。因为海底生态系统可能是相互关联的。大片海底需要保护。’)”可知，最后一段强调了深海采矿对生态系统的威胁，并引用Rachel Lauer的话呼吁保护大片海底区域；由此可知，最后一段的目的是号召人们保护海底生态系统。故选A项。 【长难句分析】 【文章原句】The researchers think tubeworms might disperse throughout the caves, with some settling and growing in cracks on the seafloor and others staying in the caves and growing to adulthood there—which would mean the seafloor and small caves underneath are an interconnected ecosystem, where cold and warm water flows mix and promote tubeworm growth. 【句式分析】 这个长句是一个包含多层信息的复合句，通过破折号和连接词将多个分句逻辑串联。Think后宾语从句，宾语从句中，with some settling and growing in cracks on the seafloor and others staying in the caves and growing to adulthood there是with的独立主格结构，some和others并列，staying和growing并列，破折号解释作用，用非限制性定语从句引导，定语从句中mean相当于系动词，其后是表语从句，其中where引导定语从句。 【翻译】研究人员认为，管状蠕虫可能会分散到整个洞穴中，一些管状蠕虫会在海底的裂缝中定居和生长，另一些则留在洞穴中，在那里长大成年——这意味着海底和海底的小洞穴是一个相互联系的生态系统，冷水和暖水混合流动，促进管状蠕虫的生长。 Passage2阅读理解 （2026·广西部分学校高三上学期开学） Enric Sala is a former university professor, and quit the academic field to become a full-time environmental protector. In 2008, he founded Pristine Seas, a project that combines exploration, research, public policy and media to inspire the creation of ocean protection areas. It aims to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 for the benefit of nature and humanity. Less than 8% is currently protected. To date, the project has helped to create 29 of the largest ocean reserves on the planet, covering an area of over 6.9 million square kilometers, an area which is twice the size of India. The achievements are the result of Enric’s 36 trips across the globe, from the Southern Line Islands to Greenland and Alaska. The ongoing ocean protection efforts show Enric’s lifelong passion. He says he admires a famous French filmmaker and undersea explorer. Growing up in Catalonia in the 1970s, he would sit in front of TV watching his hero every Sunday. He was fascinated by the amazing places, the brave underwater explorers and the wonderful creatures. All was what he wanted to do in his life. Enric writes that in the last century alone, humans have removed over 90% of the ocean’s large fish, yet less than 8%of the ocean is under protection. It is possible to make the ocean continuously beneficial to people and the planet. All humans must do is rewild the sea. Enric writes that preserving the planet’s wild places, on land and in the ocean, is a matter of human survival and economic importance in his book, The Nature of Nature: Why We Need the Wild, published in 2020. The process of rewilding, or recovering and protecting natural processes, allows nature to do the hard work for us. Mentioning the successes of wildlife recovery in Yellowstone National Park, Mozambique National Parks, and the Southern Line Islands, Enric adds that our natural world can be a lasting and strong engine of regeneration (再生), and that we just need to give it some space. 5．What is the goal of Pristine Seas by the year they set? A．To protect at least a third of the ocean. B．To conserve a minimum of 30% of the ocean. C．To document underwater species in Catalonia. D．To build 29 of the largest ocean reserves on Earth. 6．What inspired Enric to devote himself to ocean protection? A．His dream of becoming a famous sea explorer. B．His tiring experience as a university professor. C．His passion for the unknown underwater world. D．His admiration for what a French filmmaker did. 7．According to Enric, what is essential to hold the ocean’s benefits to humans? A．Rewilding the sea. B．Strengthening fishing activities. C．Increasing ocean exploration. D．Educating people on marine life. 8．Why does Enric mention the example of the wildlife recovery successes? A．To highlight the importance of national parks. B．To prove that nature can regenerate if given space. C．To criticize the impact of human activities on wildlife. D．To compare different methods of environmental protection. 【词汇积累】 1.quit .离开, 放弃，离任, 停止，戒掉, 退出（程序） 2.environmental adj.环境的, 自然/生态环境的 3.humanity n.人类, 人性, 人道, 人文学科 4. inspire v.激励, 启发, 赋予灵感, 唤起(感情), 吸入（空气） 5.fascinated adj.着迷的, 被深深吸引的 6.beneficial adj.有益的，有帮助的 7.continuously adv.连续不断地，接连地, 时时刻刻 8.regeneration n.<生>再生, 恢复, <宗>（灵魂的）重生 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍Enric Sala及其创立的Pristine Seas项目在海洋保护方面的努力与理念。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It aims to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 for the benefit of nature and humanity.(为了自然和人类的利益，该项目旨在到2030年保护至少30%的海洋。)”可知，Pristine Seas设定的目标是到2030年保护至少30%的海洋。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He says he admires a famous French filmmaker and undersea explorer. Growing up in Catalonia in the 1970s, he would sit in front of TV watching his hero every Sunday. He was fascinated by the amazing places, the brave underwater explorers and the wonderful creatures. All was what he wanted to do in his life.(他说他钦佩一位著名的法国电影制作人和海底探险家。20世纪70年代在加泰罗尼亚长大的他，每个星期天都会坐在电视机前观看他的英雄。他被那些神奇的地方、勇敢的水下探险家和奇妙的生物所吸引。这些都是他一生想做的事。)”可知，Enric受一位法国电影制作人所做之事的激励，投身海洋保护事业。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It is possible to make the ocean continuously beneficial to people and the planet. All humans must do is rewild the sea.(让海洋持续造福人类和地球是可能的。人类所要做的就是让海洋恢复野生状态。)”可知，Enric认为，让海洋持续为人类带来益处的关键是让海洋恢复野生状态。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mentioning the successes of wildlife recovery in Yellowstone National Park, Mozambique National Parks, and the Southern Line Islands, Enric adds that our natural world can be a lasting and strong engine of regeneration, and that we just need to give it some space.(提到黄石国家公园、莫桑比克国家公园和南线群岛的野生动物恢复成功案例，Enric补充说，我们的自然世界可以成为一个持久而强大的再生引擎，我们只需要给它一些空间。)”可知，Enric提到野生动物恢复成功的例子是为了证明如果给自然空间，自然能够再生。故选B项。 Passage 3 7选5 （2026·广东省部分学校高三上学期开学） Tourists walking along Australia’s Sunshine Coast now find an unusual souvenir (纪念品) shop. Instead of plastic toys, shelves are filled with sandcastle kits made from dried seaweed. These earth-friendly molds (模具) create temporary sculptures. 1 The “Ocean Shapes” company makes these special kits. Each $15 set includes three toys that break down naturally and are shaped like sea turtles, starfish, and seashells, plus a small digging tool. Their website says: “ 2 Watch them return to the sea. This is how vacation memories should disappear.” Bright green packaging shows children building a sandcastle that slowly disappears with the waves. “Every kit sold funds beach clean-up programs,” says the company’s boss, a former surfing star. Sunshine Coast’s white beaches attract millions yearly. 3 Last year, volunteers picked up over 12 tons of rubbish left by visitors just during Christmas. Old plastic beach toys make up 40% of this waste, taking 500 years to break down. Broken tools often hurt sea animals that think they’re food. 4 For twenty years, scientists have tried using seaweed instead of plastic. They boil seaweed into thick liquid, and then press it into shapes. Old versions had bad smells, but new methods remove them while keeping the material strong. Mayor Tom Carter likes the idea but says, “We ask visitors to buy local honey or handmade hats. Our surf schools now offer seaweed toys for free to make less waste. If you buy them and they don’t disappear fully, take the pieces away. 5 ” Next summer, his team will add bright yellow seaweed recycling boxes shaped like dolphins on busy beaches. A．The ocean isn’t a rubbish bin. B．Play with nature, not against it. C．Keep the material strong enough for play. D．Seaweed products are not completely new. E．You have to return the seaweed toys in advance. F．They can break down in the ocean within hours, not polluting it. G．Famous for clear water and surfing, this area has growing plastic problems. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．G 4．D 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了澳大利亚阳光海岸一家特别的纪念品商店，其售卖的“海洋形状”沙堡工具包由干海藻制成，环保且可自然降解，还介绍了该产品的特点、背后公司的理念以及当地面临的塑料污染问题等相关情况。 1．根据前文“These earth-friendly molds (模具) create temporary sculptures.(这些环保模具能制作出临时的雕塑。)”可知，这些环保模具制作的是临时雕塑，而临时存在意味着会自然消失，不会造成污染。F选项“They can break down in the ocean within hours, not polluting it. (它们可以在几小时内在海洋中分解，不会污染海洋。)”进一步说明了这种环保模具的特性，即能快速降解且无污染，与前文的“temporary”和“earth-friendly”相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。 2．根据后文“Watch them return to the sea. This is how vacation memories should disappear.(看着它们回归大海。这才是假期记忆应有的消散方式。)”可知，这些工具包会回归大海，以环保的方式让假期记忆消失，体现了与自然和谐相处的理念。B选项“Play with nature, not against it. (与自然共处，而非对抗。)”能够很好地概括这种理念，且与后文内容衔接紧密，符合语境。故选B项。 3．根据前文“Sunshine Coast’s white beaches attract millions yearly.(阳光海岸的白色沙滩每年吸引着数百万人前来。)”可知，阳光海岸每年吸引数百万游客，根据后文“Last year, volunteers picked up over 12 tons of rubbish left by visitors just during Christmas. Old plastic beach toys make up 40% of this waste, taking 500 years to break down.(去年圣诞节期间，志愿者仅在这段时间就清理了超过12吨游客留下的垃圾。旧塑料沙滩玩具占这些垃圾的40%，它们需要500年才能降解。)”可知，去年圣诞节期间志愿者就捡了12吨多游客留下的垃圾，其中旧塑料沙滩玩具占40%，这说明该地区存在塑料污染问题。G选项“Famous for clear water and surfing, this area has growing plastic problems. (这个以清澈海水和冲浪闻名的地区，塑料问题日益严重。)”既介绍了该地区的优势，又引出了存在的塑料污染问题，起到了承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选G项。 4．根据后文“For twenty years, scientists have tried using seaweed instead of plastic. They boil seaweed into thick liquid, and then press it into shapes. Old versions had bad smells, but new methods remove them while keeping the material strong. (二十年来，科学家们一直尝试用海藻替代塑料。他们将海藻煮成浓稠的液体，然后压制成各种形状。早期的版本有难闻的气味，但新的方法去除了这些气味，同时还保持了材料的坚固性。)”可知，二十年来科学家们一直在尝试用海藻代替塑料，这说明用海藻制作产品并不是全新的事情。D选项“Seaweed products are not completely new. (海藻产品并不是全新的。)”能够引出下文，符合语境。故选D项。 5．根据前文“Mayor Tom Carter likes the idea but says, “We ask visitors to buy local honey or handmade hats. Our surf schools now offer seaweed toys for free to make less waste. If you buy them and they don’t disappear fully, take the pieces away.(Tom Carter市长认可这个想法，他说：“我们建议游客购买当地的蜂蜜或手工帽子。我们的冲浪学校现在免费提供海藻玩具，以减少废弃物。如果你们购买了这些玩具，而它们没有完全降解，要把碎片带走。”)”可知，市长要求如果购买的海藻玩具没有完全消失，要把碎片带走，其目的是不让海洋成为垃圾桶。A选项“The ocean isn’t a rubbish bin. (海洋不是垃圾桶。)”是对前文要求的进一步强调和解释，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 4 完形填空 （2025·河南省新郑双语高级中学提升卷03） Using the natural elements around her, Kala Baybatan Tanaka navigated (航行) the ocean in a small boat. Kala has deep ties to her Hawaiian roots. Her ancestors 1 the oceans for centuries using their 2 of the stars, the sun, the currents and the wind. Today, she does the same. She uses the 3 technology around her. It’s called Wayfinding, and it was 4 to her by her father. He taught her how to read the stars and how to 5 them to hold the course. During the day, Kala used the 6 until it hit a certain height. When she got closer to 7 , she looked for certain species of land birds and stationary (不变的) clouds that 8 there was land below. The 9 from California to Hawaii required Kala to spend long hours 10 the day and the night skies. When she is not 11 , she teaches Wayfinding skills to school-aged children in hopes of 12 the skills that her ancestors used to 13 . It’s easy to get lost in the technology of our day, to be consumed by screens and 14 the nature around us. But if we take the time to look up, to see the stars and the sun, the way the clouds move, we will discover something that will 15 lead to happiness. 1．A．discovered B．represented C．protected D．navigated 2．A．interest B．inspiration C．knowledge D．background 3．A．artificial B．natural C．cultural D．national 4．A．opposed B．taught C．moved D．pushed 5．A．use B．report C．evaluate D．avoid 6．A．star B．wind C．moon D．sun 7．A．land B．water C．sand D．desert 8．A．promised B．described C．showed D．advocated 9．A．voyage B．flight C．adventure D．experience 10．A．searching B．enjoying C．affecting D．studying 11．A．cooking B．sailing C．cleaning D．playing 12．A．preventing B．producing C．preserving D．choosing 13．A．rely on B．turn off C．break away D．calm down 14．A．appreciate B．accept C．notice D．miss 15．A．hardly B．always C．never D．seldom 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了夏威夷航海家Kala Baybatan Tanaka传承祖先的Wayfinding导航技术，通过观察自然元素（如星星、太阳、洋流和鸟类）进行远洋航行的故事，并表达了保护传统技能的重要性。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，她的祖先依靠对星星、太阳、洋流和风的学问在海上航行。A. discovered发现；B. represented代表；C. protected保护；D. navigated航行。根据首段“navigated the ocean in a small boat”及后文“Wayfinding”技术可知，依靠对星星、太阳、洋流和风的了解在海上航行，故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，她的祖先依靠对星星、太阳、洋流和风的学问在海上航行。A. interest兴趣；B. inspiration灵感；C. knowledge知识，学问；D. background背景。由后文“read the stars”等细节可知，此处指代代相传的航海知识，故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她使用周围的自然技术。A. artificial人工的；B. natural自然的；C. cultural文化的；D. national国家的。根据第一段提到的“natural elements”及后文“stars, sun, clouds”等自然参照物可知，是利用自然技术进行航海，故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种技术名为Wayfinding，是她的父亲传授给她的。A. opposed反对；B. taught教授；C. moved移动；D. pushed推动。由后文“He taught her”可知父亲教授了这一技能，故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他教她如何观察星星并利用它们保持航向。A. use使用；B. report报告；C. evaluate评估；D. avoid避免。根据下文“hold the course”可知需利用星象导航，故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：白天，她利用太阳直到它升到一定高度。A. star星星；B. wind风；C. moon月亮；D. sun太阳。由常识及“during the day”可知，白天利用太阳航行，故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：接近陆地时，她通过陆鸟和静止的云层确认下方有岛屿。A. land陆地；B. water水；C. sand沙子；D. desert沙漠。后文“land birds”和“land below”是直接提示，即接近陆地，故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接近陆地时，她通过陆鸟和静止的云层确认下方有岛屿。A. promised承诺；B. described描述；C. showed表明；D. advocated提倡。由上文“she looked for certain species of land birds and stationary (不变的) clouds that”可知，云作为自然标志显示陆地位置，故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从加利福尼亚到夏威夷的航程需要长时间观察天空。A. voyage航程；B. flight飞行；C. adventure冒险；D. experience经历。跨洋旅行通常用“voyage”，且首段提到“boat”可知，此处是指从加利福尼亚到夏威夷的航程，故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她需要花费长时间研究昼夜天空。A. searching搜索；B. enjoying享受；C. affecting影响；D. studying研究。由前文提到的理由自然来航行和下文“the day and the night skies.”可知，她花时间研究昼夜天空，来帮助自己航行，故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不航海时，她向学童教授Wayfinding技艺，希望保存祖先赖以生存的智慧。A. cooking烹饪；B. sailing航行；C. cleaning清洁；D. playing玩耍。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Using the natural elements around her, Kala Baybatan Tanaka navigated (航行) the ocean in a small boat.”可知，全文围绕航海主题展开，即此处指她不航海时会教授Wayfinding技能，故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不航海时，她向学童教授Wayfinding技艺，希望保存祖先赖以生存的智慧。A. preventing阻止；B. producing生产；C. preserving保护；保存；D. choosing选择。由“hopes”和下文“the skills that her ancestors used to”可知，她教学童Wayfinding技艺是为了保存祖先流传下来的技术，故选C。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：不航海时，她向学童教授Wayfinding技艺，希望保存祖先赖以生存的智慧。A. rely on依赖；B. turn off关闭；C. break away脱离；D. calm down冷静。由第二段中“Her ancestors _____ the oceans for centuries using their _____ of the stars, the sun, the currents and the wind.”可知，祖先使用这些技能航行，故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在现代科技充斥生活的今天，人们常因电子屏幕而忽略自然。A. appreciate欣赏；B. accept接受；C. notice注意；D. miss忽视。由上文“get lost in technology”可知，现代人们沉迷于科技而忽视自然，故选D。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但若我们抬头观察星辰、云朵的轨迹，或许会发现那些永恒指引幸福的事物。A. hardly几乎不；B. always总是；C. never从不；D. seldom很少。由上文“But if we take the time to look up, to see the stars and the sun, the way the clouds move,”可知，星辰、云朵都属于自然，它们能带来快乐，故选B。 Passage 5 语法填空 （2025·辽宁省名校联盟高考模拟卷押题卷英语（一）） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Earth’s oceans are vast bodies of salty water that cover about 71% of the Earth’s surface. There are four major oceans, 1 are divided by land masses. The Pacific Ocean is the largest, covering over 63 million square miles. It stretches from the Arctic to the Southern Ocean and 2 (bound) by Asia, Australia and the Americas. The Atlantic Ocean, the second-largest, 3 (cover) an area of about 41 million square miles, lying between the Americas, Europe and Africa, with the Arctic Ocean to the north and the Southern Ocean to the south. The Indian Ocean is the third-largest, covering almost 20% of the world’s water surface. It is surrounded by Asia, Africa, Australia and the Southern Ocean. The Arctic Ocean, 4 (locate) in the Arctic polar region, is the smallest. It is almost centered on the North Pole and is bordered by Eurasia, North America and Greenland. These oceans are moving constantly due 5 currents and waves. They play a crucial role in 6 (adjust) the Earth’s climate by absorbing heat from 7 atmosphere. The oceans are also home to a vast range of sea life, including 8 (whale), the largest creatures on Earth. Human activities have 9 (significance) impacts on the health of the oceans. Understanding the oceans is essential for the 10 (survive) of our planet, as they are a critical part of the Earth’s life support system. 【答案】 1．which 2．is bounded 3．covers 4．located 5．to 6．adjusting 7．the 8．whales 9．significant 10．survival 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地球四大洋的概况、作用及人类活动对其的影响。 1．考查定语从句。句意：有四大洋，它们被陆地分隔开。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词four major oceans，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 2．考查动词时态和语态。句意：它从北冰洋延伸到南大洋，被亚洲、澳大利亚和美洲所环绕。根据句中stretches可知，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语It（指太平洋）和bound之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is bounded。 3．考查动词时态。句意：大西洋是第二大洋，面积约4100万平方英里，位于美洲、欧洲和非洲之间，北邻北冰洋，南邻南大洋。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The Atlantic Ocean是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式covers。故填covers。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：北冰洋位于北极极地地区，是最小的。句中已有is，空处作非谓语动词，locate与The Arctic Ocean之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填located。 5．考查介词。句意：由于洋流和海浪，这些海洋在不断地运动。due to为固定短语，意为“由于”。故填to。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们通过从大气中吸收热量，在调节地球气候方面发挥着至关重要的作用。in为介词，后接动名词adjusting作宾语。故填adjusting。 7．考查冠词。句意：它们通过从大气中吸收热量，在调节地球气候方面发挥着至关重要的作用。atmosphere此处特指地球的大气层，用定冠词the。故填the。 8．考查名词复数。句意：海洋也是各种海洋生物的家园，包括地球上最大的生物——鲸鱼。whale是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用复数形式。故填whales。 9．考查形容词。句意：人类活动对海洋的健康有着重大影响。空处修饰名词impacts，应用形容词significant作定语。故填significant。 10．考查名词。句意：了解海洋对我们星球的生存至关重要，因为它们是地球生命支持系统的关键部分。定冠词the后接名词形式为survival，作介词for的宾语，the survival of...意为“……的生存”。故填survival。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$