非谓语动词-知识点梳理 课件 -2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

非谓语动词 高考·一轮复习 动词不定式 PART 01 不定式to do 知识点1：不定式的基本概念 知识点2：不定式作主宾表 知识点3：不定式作定状补 3.含义:表示主动和目的 一、不定式的基本概念 1.结构: to do 2.形式: to+ 动词原形 3.含义: 表示主动和目的 4.变形： 一般式：主动(not) to do；被动：(not) to be done 完成式：主动(not) to have done；被动：(not) to have been done To be a fair lady is difficult for Jia Ling. Jia Ling wants to be a fair lady. Jia Ling’s wish is to be a fair lady. 下面的不定式做什么成分? 主语 宾语 表语 To become a fair lady, Jia Ling should lose some weight. Obviously, Jia Ling has a long way to go. Jia Ling asked the man to eat the peach. 状语 定语 补语 输入标题内容 我们很失望地被告知体育老师生病了。 We were disappointed (tell) the bad news. A. to tell B. to be told √ 不定式的被动形式: to be done 我努力地不挂科，但还是败了! I tried (fail) the exam, but l failed. A. not to fail B. to not fail √ 不定式的否定形式: not to do “特殊疑问词＋不定式” 结构在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 How to clean the mess in such a short time troubles them a lot. 如何在这么短的时间内收拾这一片狼藉让他们苦恼不已。 “特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构 I had a cold and couldn’t decide whether to go to work or not. 我感冒了，拿不定主意是否要去上班。 Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 选择吃什么，已经不像以前那么简单了。 不定式特殊形式 疑问词+to do 不定式：不一定是什么词性的成分 ≈名词 主语 宾语 表语 ≈形/副 定语 状语 表语 不定式的被动形式: to be done 不定式的否定形式: not to do 不定式特殊形式 疑问词+to do 二、不定式作主宾表 不定式作主语 1. 不定式在句首作主语，谓语动词常用单数。 （get up）is necessary. 2. it 作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语： It is a great pleasure （talk）with him. To get up early to talk 输入标题内容 不定式作宾语 1. 通常接不定式作宾语的动词： expect, hope, wish, desire, want, promise, pretend, arrange, refuse, decline, prepare, plan, intend, fail, attempt, offer, hesitate, manage, ask, demand, choose, agree, afford, volunteer, determine, decide, learn, aim等。 [2021全国乙，70]Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 2. 通常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语用不定式的句式： find/feel/make/think/believe/consider it＋n./adj.＋to do sth. The boy makes it a rule (visit) the museum twice a month. 二、不定式作主宾表 to have to visit 输入标题内容 记忆口诀： (1)三个希望两答应(hope、wish、expect、agree、promise) (2)两个要求莫拒绝(demand、ask、refuse) (3)设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide/determine) (4)不要假装在选择(pretend、choose/select) (5)打算提出俩计划(intend、offer、plan、mean) (6)申请失败负担起(apply、fail、afford) 此外,happen、threaten、can’t wait等也要用不定式作宾语 跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语) The intention of this book is to introduce popular science. =To introduce popular science is the intention of this book. 这本书旨在介绍通俗科学。 二、不定式作主宾表 不定式作表语 1. 表示主语的职业、职责、性质等。 I found a part-time job, which is to guide the patients. 2. 主语是 aim 、purpose 、idea 、intention、plan、wish、decision 、choice等， 不定式作表语表示主语的内容，主语和表语互换位置,表达依旧正确、合理。 The intention of this book is to introduce popular science. =To introduce popular science is the intention of this book. 这本书旨在介绍通俗科学。 三、不定式作定状补 不定式作定语 1. 表示将来的动作。 I can’t go out with you tomorrow. I have a lot of homework to do. 2. 用于序数词、形容词最高级以及the last，the only，the next等后或被这些词修饰 的名词/代词后。 Wang Yaping is the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. 3. 用于表示抽象意义的名词后。常见的这类名词有：plan, ability, chance, effort, reason, wish, ambition, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。 During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. [点拨]　动词不定式作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。 (3)作原因状语,常用于“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有:happy、lucky、glad、sorry、anxious、proud、disappointed、desperate、angry、surprised、ready、delighted、clever、foolish、pleased、fortunate、right等。 She was happy to learn(learn) the good news.  听到这个好消息,她很高兴。 三、不定式作定状补 不定式作状语 1. 作目的状语,意为“为了;以便”。 也可用in order to 或 so as to。 To enjoy (enjoy) a grander sight, you must climb to a greater height.  欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。 2. 作结果状语,常用于only to do结构中。 I overslept and rushed to the airport, only to find (find)that the check-in counter had closed. 我睡过头了，赶到机场，却发现值机柜台已经关闭了。 3. 作原因状语, 常用于“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。 这类形容词有: happy、lucky、glad、sorry、anxious、proud、disappointed、desperate、angry、surprised、ready、delighted、clever、foolish、pleased、fortunate、right等。 She was happy to learn (learn) the good news.  听到这个好消息,她很高兴。 不定式作补语 有些动词之后常用带to的不定式作宾语补足语 常见的有:ask、invite、want、encourage、wish、expect、beg、request、require、advise、order、force、cause、allow、permit、forbid、warn、remind、teach、send、call on、wait for、would like/love/prefer等表示劝告、建议、要求类动词。 An impressive and expensive ad may signal to the investors that the ad agency is successful and they may then be encouraged to invest (invest) in it. 一个令人印象深刻、价格昂贵的广告可能会向投资者传达出该广告公司很成功的信号,进而可能鼓励他们进行投资。 不定式作补语 注意：有些动词之后常用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 常用动词(主动语态中)有: 使役动词(make、let、have); 感官动词(see、watch、observe、hear、notice) Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put (put) his hand in cold water. 杰夫的手碰到了滚烫的火炉,他痛苦地叫了一声。珍娜让他把手放在冷水里。 不定式作补语 在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done结构中,用不定式作主语补足语。 They are all believed to have made important contributions to computer science. 他们都被认为对计算机科学做出了重要贡献。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。。 Jane gets her car (check) every three months. As a traffic policeman， he always worked hard to keep the traffic ⁠ (run) smoothly even on festivals. checked　 running　 注意　have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 have sth. to do 有某事要做(to do作后置定语) 1. [2020天津5月, 13]The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice environmental protection (promote) economic growth. 2. [江苏高考, 30] (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment， many senior citizens started to use smart phones. to promote　 To enjoy　 3. [2021新高考Ⅱ, 58]I decided to do something (educate) people about this problem. 4. [2021浙江, 63]Mary’s sister， Frances Todd Wallace， often came over ⁠ (plant) flowers in the front yard. 四、进阶练习 to educate　 to plant 5.[2025·八省联考]The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks,which allow people (meet),talk,and get to know one another. 6. [2020全国Ⅰ, 66]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e- 4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin . 7. [2020全国Ⅱ, 68]They are easy (care) for and make great presents. 8. [2020全国Ⅲ, 67]The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter. to find　 to care　 to find　 to meet　 分词 PART 02 分词v-ing&done 知识点1：分词的基本概念 知识点2：分词作主宾表 知识点3：分词作定状补 1.主动形式与被动形式 非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间往往存在主谓或动宾关系: 与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式; 与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。 一、主动形式与被动形式 Poems focusing (focus) on nature often stress the moment of inspiration. 以自然为主题的诗歌往往强调灵感的瞬间。 Filled (fill) with descriptions of magic and ancient themes,many Romantic poems contain rich sensory details. 许多浪漫主义诗歌充满了对魔法和古代主题的描述，包含了丰富的感官细节。 1.主动形式与被动形式 根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态 二、时间先后关系 非谓语动词动作 谓语动词 动作 之后或同时发生，一般式 非谓语动词动作 谓语动词 动作 发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式 1.主动形式与被动形式 根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态 二、时间先后关系 Growing (grow) up in the beautiful Lake District, Wordsworth had a childhood that was perfect for a developing poet. Having been bitten (bite) by mosquitoes,she applied some medicine to her skin. 1. v-ing在句首作主语，谓语动词常用单数。 例1　 (collect) stamps is a popular hobby， especially among seniors. 例2　It’s no use just (complain) without taking action. Collecting　 complaining　 三、分词作主宾表 2. it作形式主语，v-ing(短语)作真正的主语： 3. 动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态， 此时动词-ing形式已经具有形容词的性质，意为“令人……的”。 三、分词作主宾表 It’ll be too tiring (tire) to walk or dance for a long time in those shoes. 穿这双鞋长时间走路或跳舞太累了。 4.动词-ing形式作表语时相当于名词,用于解释主语的内容， 表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 People whose interest is exploring (explore) the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art Science Museum. 5. 过去分词作表语时表示主语的某种情况或状态, 此时过去分词已经具有形容词的性质，意为“感到……的”。 三、分词作主宾表 Visitors are often amazed (amaze) to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. 当发现自己置身于一座如此真实地捕捉了自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。 形容词化的过去分词与动词-ing形式的比较 过去分词 动词-ing形式 多修饰人,意为“感到……的” 多修饰物,意为“令人……的” interested感到有趣的 bored感到无聊的 moved被感动的 puzzled感到困惑的 satisfied感到满意的 interesting有趣的 boring无聊的 moving令人感动的 puzzling令人迷惑的 satisfying令人满意的 三、分词作主宾表 既可跟v-ing，又可跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语) 意义上有区别 I remembered (lock) the door before I left the office， but forgot ⁠ (close) the windows. locking to close v-ing作宾语 1. 介词后用v-ing作宾语。 [2021全国甲，64]After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall， we decided it was time for some action... 2. 通常接v-ing作宾语的动词(短语)：admit， avoid， consider， escape， finish， enjoy， risk， keep， imagine， mind， miss， practise， suggest， feel like， put off， look forward to， insist on等。 Young people may risk (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. Nancy doesn’t feel like (study) abroad. Her parents are old. spending going　 studying　 输入标题内容 记忆口诀： (1)喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy、consider、escape、avoid) (2)不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help、give up、risk) (3)感激承认不否认(appreciate、admit、deny) (4)介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay、put off) (5)允许完成是期望(allow/permit、finish、look forward to) (6)建议继续勤操练(suggest、go on、practise) (7)致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on) (8)继续成功不错过(keep on、succeed in、miss) 只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) 分词作定状补 1.动词-ing形式作定语,表主动、正在进行; 若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构。 Families (celebrate)the Lunar New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances and carnivals together. 庆祝农历新年的家庭可以一起欣赏精彩的舞龙表演和狂欢活动。 celebrating　 分词作定状补 2.过去分词作定语,表示被动、完成。 Rosemary shares her (pack) lunch with two friends every day. 罗斯玛丽每天与两个朋友分享她的盒饭。 Loch Ness (surround) by beautiful natural landscape was made to look amazing. 尼斯湖四周环绕着美丽的自然景观,令人叹为观止。 surrounded　 packed　 分词作定状补 3.动词-ing形式作定语,表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于 “名词+for+doing”，此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading(read) room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 4.分词作状语 　　分词作状语可以表示时间、伴随、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等。 ① 非谓语动词与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用现在分词作状语。 (walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. Some of the refrigerators are more efficient, (consume) 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. Walking　 consuming　 ② 非谓语动词与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用过去分词作状语。 Soon after Steve arrived， he was arranged in the front row by the organizer of the meeting, (surround) by his family. surrounded　 分词作补语 ①动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 表示主动、进行。常用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的单词有: feel、find、hear、notice、observe、see、watch、 get、have、keep、leave、send、set、listen to、look at等。 I heard the clock (strike) eight when I woke up this morning. 今天早上醒来时，我听见钟敲响八点。 We see a woman (swim) at night in a dark sea. 晚上，我们看到一个女人在漆黑的海水里游泳。 striking　 swimming　 分词作补语 ②过去分词作宾语补足语 表示被动、完成。常用过去分词作宾语补足语的单词有: have、make、get、find、see、notice、watch、hear、feel、want、like等。 We found ourselves very (surprise) by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery. 我们对国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和嘈杂声音感到非常惊讶。 surprised　 固定搭配 with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)/done(表示被动且完成)/to do(表示将来)。 The melting of the polar ice caps will have dire consequences,with sea levels rising,causing flooding in low lying areas, such as islands and coastal cities. 极地冰盖的融化将带来严重后果,海平面上升，导致低洼地区(如岛屿和沿海城市)发生洪水。 With his mind concentrated on his work, he didn’t notice my appearance. 他专心于工作，没有注意到我的出现。 　　 独立成分作状语，其形式不受上下文的影响。常用的有： to be honest， to tell the truth， considering， generally speaking， speaking of， judging by/from， provided that， given(考虑到)等。 The old man looked up towards the moon and， (judge) from his facial expression, seemed to be thinking of his family. (give) the sheer number of stars that exist, it’s a mathematical certainty that there is life on other planets. 独立成分作状语 judging　 Given　 真题演练 PART 03 1. [2024山东烟台期中] (finish) the learning of quilling in 2016 from a master of the art, Shao Lujie began to devote himself entirely to the craft. Later, by imitating the works of his instructors, he learned how (integrate) new methods into his own works. 【点拨】　先于began to devote...发生。 2. [2024浙江三市联考]The British Museum has been under pressure after around 2, 000 items were reported “missing, (steal) or damaged” two weeks ago, (lead) to accusations that it was failing to fulfil its duty of care. Having finished　 to integrate　 stolen　 leading　 3. If you are over-anxious about (remember) something, you will forget it. Relaxing will enhance your awareness and ability ⁠(concentrate). 【点拨】　动词不定式作后置定语。 remembering　 to concentrate 一 二 三 4. [2023新高考Ⅰ, 57]To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth， letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头). 5. [2020新高考Ⅱ, 56]These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders (begin) computer classes. 6. [全国Ⅱ, 61]A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”. for (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. to bite　 to begin　 being　 7. [全国Ⅲ, 62]On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take (get) there. 8. [浙江高考, 63]But some students didn’t want (wear) the uniform. to get　 to wear　 9. [2023 新高考Ⅰ, 59]Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. 10. [2023全国乙, 62]From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3, 000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. recognized　 built　 【点拨】　提示词 “build” 为动词，其过去分词形式 “built” 可作形容词，表 “被建造的”。 11. [2022全国甲, 61] A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot. 12. [2022新高考Ⅱ, 56]When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence， and held out his arms to catch the (fall) child. to journey　 falling　 13. [2022北京, 12]Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run. 14. [2021天津3月, 9]China’s National Highway 318, (extend) over 5，000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views. to harm　 extending　 15. [2023北京, 19&20]She called for action (address) the struggles of people around the world (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 16. [2023浙江1月, 58]In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. to address　 facing　 surrounded　 17. [2022全国乙, 66]It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind... 18. [2022北京, 12]Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her，Helen started to run. 19. [2022北京, 14]One theory, increasingly (support) by experts，suggests that smell preferences are learned. 20. [2021北京, 18]There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. shared　 to harm　 supported　 caused　 写作练习 PART 04 1. 听到熟悉的声音，他们立即起身,没有穿鞋就冲到洞口。 Hearing the voice they were familiar with, they got up immediately and rushed to the mouth of the cave,without putting on their shoes.  汉译英练习 2. 我解释了情况，对意外的结果感到尴尬和害怕。 I explained the situation, feeling embarrassed and frightened by the unexpected outcome.  3. 鲁比立刻让其他女孩帮她把树干从莉莉腿上抬起来，却发现她的腿断了。 Ruby immediately got the other girls to help her lift the tree trunk from Lily’s leg, only to find her leg was broken.  汉译英练习 4. 用颤抖的双手抚摸着那封信，我逐字逐句地读着。 With my trembling hands, I fingered the letter and read it word for word.  5. 最后,在下午的休息时间,可以播放一些学生发表的优秀文章。 Finally,during the afternoon break, some excellent sample essays published by students can be played.  汉译英练习 语篇练习 PART 05 Let children learn 1. (judge) their own work. A child 2. (learn) to talk does not learn by 3. (correct) all the time. If 4. (correct) too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. to judge learning being corrected corrected Bit by bit, he makes the right changes 5. (make) his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more 6. (skill) people, and slowly make the 7. (need) changes. to make skilled needed But in school, teachers never give a child a chance 8. (find) out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him to correct himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would fail 9. (notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him. to find to notice They act as if the student would never correct it unless 10. made (make) to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.   made $$