Unit 6 Earth first 地球至上（话题阅读精练） 英语外研版2019必修第二册

Unit 6 Earth first 地球至上 话题阅读精练 时文拓展阅读 The Urgency of Saving the Earth Our planet, Earth, is facing numerous environmental challenges that demand immediate attention. One of the most pressing issues is climate change. Rising global temperatures are causing glaciers to melt at an alarming rate, leading to a rise in sea levels. This not only threatens coastal communities but also has a profound impact on the delicate balance of the Earth's ecosystems. Deforestation is another major problem. Vast areas of forests are being cut down for various reasons, such as logging, agriculture, and urban expansion. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Without enough trees, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, further exacerbating the climate problem. Pollution is also taking a toll on the Earth. Industrial waste, plastic debris, and chemical pollutants are contaminating our air, water, and soil. This pollution not only harms wildlife but also poses a serious threat to human health. For example, plastic pollution in the oceans has led to many marine animals getting entangled in plastic or ingesting it, which can cause injury, starvation, and even death. However, there is still hope. Many individuals, organizations, and governments around the world are taking action. Some people are making small but significant changes in their daily lives, like reducing waste, using reusable products, and conserving energy. Scientists are researching and developing new technologies to help mitigate the environmental problems. If we all work together, we can make a difference and ensure a sustainable future for our planet. 语篇翻译: 拯救地球的紧迫性 我们的星球 —— 地球，正面临着众多亟待关注的环境挑战。其中最紧迫的问题之一是气候变化。全球气温上升正导致冰川以惊人的速度融化，进而引发海平面上升。这不仅威胁着沿海社区，还对地球生态系统的微妙平衡产生深远影响。 森林砍伐是另一个主要问题。由于伐木、农业和城市扩张等各种原因，大片森林正在被砍伐。树木在吸收二氧化碳（一种导致全球变暖的温室气体）方面起着至关重要的作用。没有足够的树木，大气中的二氧化碳含量就会增加，进一步加剧气候问题。 污染也在损害地球。工业废料、塑料垃圾和化学污染物正在污染我们的空气、水和土壤。这种污染不仅危害野生动物，还对人类健康构成严重威胁。例如，海洋中的塑料污染导致许多海洋动物被塑料缠住或误食塑料，这可能会导致受伤、饥饿甚至死亡。 然而，仍然有希望。世界各地的许多个人、组织和政府都在采取行动。一些人在日常生活中做出虽小但意义重大的改变，比如减少浪费、使用可重复利用的产品和节约能源。科学家们正在研究和开发新技术，以帮助缓解环境问题。如果我们齐心协力，就能有所作为，为我们的星球确保一个可持续的未来。 重点词汇： urgency /ˈɜːdʒənsi/：n. 紧迫性；紧急的事 pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/：adj. 紧迫的；迫切的 glacier /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/：n. 冰川 deforestation /ˌdiːfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/：n. 森林砍伐 logging /ˈlɒɡɪŋ/：n. 伐木；采伐 exacerbate /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/：v. 使恶化；使加剧 mitigate /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/：v. 减轻；缓和 长难句分析: 1. Rising global temperatures are causing glaciers to melt at an alarming rate, leading to a rise in sea levels. 抓标志：现在分词 “leading”（作结果状语的标志） 判类型：主句（Rising global temperatures are causing glaciers to melt at an alarming rate）＋现在分词短语作结果状语（leading to a rise in sea levels） 试翻译：全球气温上升正导致冰川以惊人的速度融化，进而引发海平面上升。 2. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. 抓标志：同位语 “a greenhouse gas”；关系代词 “that” 判类型：主句（Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide）＋同位语（a greenhouse gas），同位语后接定语从句（that contributes to global warming）修饰先行词 “a greenhouse gas” 试翻译：树木在吸收二氧化碳（一种导致全球变暖的温室气体）方面起着至关重要的作用。 高考真题链接 （2007·福建·高考真题B篇） A small town in southwest Britain is banning(禁止) plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste---a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe. Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. Last month, San Franciso became the first U.S. city to ban plastic grocery bags. Internationally, laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of South Africa and Ireland, where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out. Bangladesh already bans them, and so do at least 30 remote Alaskan villages. Modbury, about 225 miles southwest of London,has also declared a bag amnesty(宽限期), allowing local people to hand in plastic bags that have piled up at home.They will be sent for traveling. The Modbury ban was the idea of Rebecca Hosking, who saw the effect of bags on marine life while working in the Pacific as a wildlife camerawoman. She said response(反应) in the town so far had been “really positive”. “Modbury is quite an old-fashioned town and a lot of people have wicker baskets to go out shopping anyway,” Hosking told Sky News Television. The Worldwatch Institute, an environmental research agency, states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the United States alone. More than 500 billion are used yearly around the world. 61．What was Rebecca Hosking? A．A lawyer. B．An environmentalist. C．A sailor. D．A photographer. 62．The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means _______. A．acceptable B．valuable C．throw-away D．long-lasting 63．It can be inferred from the passage that _______. A．most of the people in Modbury continue to use plastic bags B．fewer and fewer plastic bags will be used in the world C．San Francisco is the first city to ban plastic bags in the world D．most countries in the world have passed laws to ban plastic bags 64．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．Environmental Protection B．Big Cities Banning Plastic Bags C．Effect of Plastic Bags on Sea Animals D．British Town Banning Plastic Bags 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了英国的一个小镇为了保护环境，开始禁止使用塑料袋，进而介绍了其他禁止使用的地区和塑料袋对环境的不良影响。 61． D 细节理解题。根据第五段“The Modbury ban was the idea of Rebecca Hosking,who saw the effect of bags on marine life while working in the Pacific as a wildlife camerawoman.”可知禁止使用塑料袋的主意是一个女野外摄影师Rebecca Hosking在观察了塑料袋对海洋生物的影响后提出的，也就是说Rebecca Hosking是个摄影师。故选D。 62． C 词义猜测题。根据第二段“They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead”可知塑料袋将被禁止使用，取而代之的是纸袋和布袋，因为塑料袋是用完即被丢弃，纸袋和布袋可以重复使用，可以推断出disposable的意思是“可丢弃”的。A. acceptable 可接受的；B. valuable珍贵的；C. throw-away 可丢弃的；D. long-lasting (可)持久的; 长期的。故选C。 63． B 推理判断题。文中第三段介绍了除了Modbury外，还有旧金山、Bangladesh、南非和爱尔兰的部分地区也开始禁止使用塑料袋，可以推断出塑料袋在全世界的使用将越来越少。故选B。 64． D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了英国的一个小镇为了保护环境，开始禁止使用塑料袋，进而介绍了其他禁止使用的地区和塑料袋对环境的不良影响。故选D。 Internationally, laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of South Africa and Ireland, where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out. 抓标志：关系副词 “where”；关系代词 “who”“that” 判类型：主句（laws...have been passed...），其中 “to discourage the use of plastic bags” 是不定式短语作定语修饰 “laws”；主句后接非限制性定语从句（where governments...hand them out），修饰先行词 “parts of South Africa and Ireland”；定语从句中包含由 “either...or...” 连接的并列谓语（tax shoppers... 和 fine companies...），且 “shoppers” 后接定语从句（who use them），“companies” 后接定语从句（that hand them out） 试翻译：在国际上，南非和爱尔兰的部分地区已经通过了阻止使用塑料袋的法律，在这些地区，政府要么向使用塑料袋的购物者征税，要么对分发塑料袋的公司处以罚款。 hand out 分发；给予 disposable plastic bags 一次性塑料袋 cloth carrier bags 布质购物袋 discourage the use of 阻止…… 的使用 tax shoppers 向购物者征税 fine companies 对公司处以罚款 declare a bag amnesty 宣布塑料袋宽限期 pile up 堆积；积压 be sent for recycling 被送去回收利用 the idea of …… 的主意 marine life 海洋生物 old-fashioned town 传统小镇 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广西玉林·开学考试）For the past year, I’ve spent many hours and many Tuesdays volunteering at a wonderful zoo. I worked in the kitchen, helping to prepare food for the animals. This zoo is part of the AZA (Association of Zoos and Aquariums). Many animals here are part of a special program. The goal of this program is to protect animal species (物种) that are at risk or in danger of disappearing. The zoo has breeding plans to help these animals survive. I quickly learned that it’s easy to love all the animals. I especially liked one animal right away — the zoo’s prehensile-tailed porcupine (卷尾豪猪) named Fin. You might have seen YouTube videos of these animals eating and making cute noises. I learned that Fin really loves bananas and likes to peel them himself. One of my favorite things about Fin is his little nose, which looks like a pig’s nose. I also learned that nothing gets done without teamwork from the animal keepers. Taking care of all the zoo animals requires a lot of work. The keepers know a lot about every animal in the zoo. They work very hard, day and night, to keep the animals safe and healthy. Even in winter, the keepers stay at the zoo to make sure all the animals are happy and fed. Zoos are important. They teach visitors why we need to protect these animals and their homes. Most zoos care deeply for their animals and work very hard to keep them happy and healthy. 1．What do we know about the AZA program? A．It feeds animals with natural foods. B．It searches for uncommon animals. C．It saves species from dying out. D．It provides wild areas for animals. 2．What is one of the author’s favorite things about Fin? A．Fin’s love for bananas. B．Fin’s nose similar to a pig’s. C．Fin’s appearance in YouTube videos. D．Fin’s cute eating noises. 3．What does the author imply about zookeepers? A．They have medical backgrounds. B．They train animals for exercises. C．They become animals’ friends. D．They value animals’ emotions. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Zoos are not animal cages. B．Zoos should be free to all. C．Zoos are not as good as nature. D．Zoos should be under control. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者志愿者经历，分享动物园在物种保护、团队协作及教育中的重要性，并表达对动物和饲养员工作的热爱。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The goal of this program is to protect animal species (物种) that are at risk or in danger of disappearing. The zoo has breeding plans to help these animals survive.(该计划的目标是保护濒危或濒临灭绝的动物物种。动物园有繁殖计划来帮助这些动物生存)”可知，该项目的目的是管理特定物种的种群，包括濒危物种，并通过繁育计划保护它们，换句话说，AZA项目拯救物种免于灭绝。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章的第二段中的“One of my favorite things about Fin is his little nose, which looks like a pig’s nose.(我最喜欢Fin的一点是他的小鼻子，看起来像猪鼻子)”可知，作者最喜欢Fin一点是它的鼻子像猪鼻子。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The keepers know a lot about every animal in the zoo. They work very hard, day and night, to keep the animals safe and healthy. Even in winter, the keepers stay at the zoo to make sure all the animals are happy and fed.(饲养员对动物园里的每一种动物都很了解。他们日夜努力工作，以保证动物的安全和健康。即使在冬天，饲养员也会呆在动物园里，确保所有的动物都吃得饱饱的)”可知，作者强调饲养员日夜工作确保动物健康快乐，甚至在寒冷季节留守。由此推知，他们重视动物的情感需求。故选D。 4．推理判断题。末段“Zoos are important. They teach visitors why we need to protect these animals and their homes. Most zoos care deeply for their animals and work very hard to keep them happy and healthy.(动物园很重要。它们教导游客为什么我们需要保护这些动物和它们的家园。大多数动物园都非常关心他们的动物，努力工作以保持它们的快乐和健康)”指出动物园的教育意义和保护作用，旨在强调它们并非囚禁动物的地方，而是保护与教育的场所。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东济南·开学考试）Metropolitan expansion, often hailed as a sign of progress, harbors a meteorological anomaly (异常现象) known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect — wherein cities register temperatures 2–8°C higher than adjacent  rural areas. A 2023 study spanning 50 global megacities (特大城市) revealed that this disparity intensifies (加剧) nocturnally, with urban nighttime temperatures averaging 5.2°C warmer, a phenomenon researchers attribute to the thermal inertia of impermeable (不能渗透的) surfaces like asphalt and concrete. The mechanisms driving UHIs are multifaceted yet interconnected. Solar radiation absorption by dark-colored infrastructure exceeds that of vegetated landscapes by 30–40%, a difference compounded by anthropogenic (人为的) heat sources: air conditioning units, industrial processes, and vehicular emissions collectively contribute 15–20% of urban heat gain. What complicates mitigation is the albedo (反照率) paradox — while light-colored “cool roofs” reflect 60% more sunlight than traditional dark roofs, their widespread adoption might inadvertently reduce snowmelt in nearby regions by altering atmospheric radiation patterns, a 2022 climate model suggests. Ecological ramifications extend beyond temperature. Urban heat stress disrupts phenological cycles: in Tokyo, cherry blossoms now bloom 7–10 days earlier than in the 1980s, mismatching pollinator (传粉者) activity. Aquatic systems suffer too; warm urban runoff (径流) raises stream temperatures by 3–6°C, reducing dissolved (溶解的) oxygen levels — a critical factor for 72% of freshwater fish species studied in the Thames River basin. Human health bears the brunt as well. Heat-related hospitalizations in U.S. cities surge (激增) by 2.3% for each 1°C temperature rise above 32°C, with elderly populations at 4.1 times greater risk. Paradoxically (矛盾地) , increased air conditioning use to counteract (抵消) heat elevates energy consumption by 10–15%, creating a feedback loop (循环) where carbon emissions intensifies global warming, further intensifying UHIs. Proposed solutions reveal unexpected trade-offs. Urban reforestation, while reducing ambient temperatures by 2–3°C through evapotranspiration , can increase pollen (花粉) counts by 25–30%, worsening respiratory conditions. Green infrastructure like rain gardens mitigates (缓解) runoff but may harbor mosquito larvae in stagnant water, potentially elevating vector-borne disease risks in tropical cities. As climatologist Dr. Amir Patel notes, “Addressing UHIs demands not silver bullets but adaptive mosaic (mosaic) strategies — interventions that balance local cooling with broader ecological stability.” The challenge lies in recognizing that each urban microclimate responds uniquely to interventions, defying one-size-fits-all approaches. 1．Why is the urban-rural temperature difference greater at night? A．City infrastructure holds heat longer than natural areas B．Cities absorb more sunlight during the day C．More heat is produced by devices at night D．There is less cloud cover over cities at night 2．What complicates the potential benefits of cool roofs according to the albedo paradox? A．Their reflective properties might have unintended effects on nearby environmental processes B．They require more frequent maintenance than traditional roofs, increasing costs C．They fail to reduce temperatures as effectively in urban centers as in suburbs D．Their light color makes them more prone to damage from extreme weather 3．The feedback loop created by increased air conditioning use arises because of which chain of events? A．Lower indoor temperatures lead to less outdoor activity, reducing urban cooling B．Higher energy demand from AC units results in factors that worsen the heat island effect C．Uneven cooling in buildings causes air pressure differences that trap heat D．Overuse of AC systems leads to mechanical failures that release excess heat 4．Why do experts caution against universal approaches to mitigating urban heat islands? A．Rural communities often resist measures that might alter regional temperature patterns B．The success of any strategy depends on unique interactions within each city’s environment C．Most proposed solutions have been proven ineffective in long-term studies D．Funding for large-scale projects is unavailable in most urban areas 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍城市热岛效应的成因、影响及应对措施中的权衡问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A 2023 study spanning 50 global megacities revealed that this disparity intensifies nocturnally, with urban nighttime temperatures averaging 5.2°C warmer, a phenomenon researchers attribute to the thermal inertia of impermeable surfaces like asphalt and concrete.(2023年一项涵盖全球50个特大城市的研究显示，这种差异在夜间加剧，城市夜间温度平均高出5.2°C，研究人员将这一现象归因于沥青和混凝土等不透水表面的热惯性。)”可知，城市与农村的温差在夜间更大是因为城市基础设施比自然区域保留热量的时间更长。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What complicates mitigation is the albedo paradox — while light-colored “cool roofs” reflect 60% more sunlight than traditional dark roofs, their widespread adoption might inadvertently reduce snowmelt in nearby regions by altering atmospheric radiation patterns, a 2022 climate model suggests.(2022年的一个气候模型显示，使缓解工作复杂化的是反照率悖论——虽然浅色的“凉爽屋顶”比传统的深色屋顶多反射60%的阳光，但它们的广泛采用可能会通过改变大气辐射模式，无意中减少附近地区的融雪量。)”可知，根据反照率悖论，凉爽屋顶的潜在好处变得复杂是因为它们的反射特性可能对附近的环境过程产生意想不到的影响。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Paradoxically, increased air conditioning use to counteract heat elevates energy consumption by 10–15%, creating a feedback loop where carbon emissions intensify global warming, further intensifying UHIs.(矛盾的是，为了抵消热量而增加空调使用量使能源消耗增加了10–15%，形成了一个反馈循环：碳排放加剧全球变暖，进一步加剧城市热岛效应。)”可知，空调使用增加所产生的反馈循环是由于空调机组的高能源需求导致了加剧热岛效应的因素。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As climatologist Dr. Amir Patel notes, “Addressing UHIs demands not silver bullets but adaptive mosaic strategies — interventions that balance local cooling with broader ecological stability.” The challenge lies in recognizing that each urban microclimate responds uniquely to interventions, defying one-size-fits-all approaches.(正如气候学家阿米尔·帕特尔博士所指出的：“解决城市热岛效应不需要万能药，而需要适应性的 mosaic 策略——平衡局部冷却与更广泛生态稳定的干预措施。”挑战在于认识到每个城市的微气候对干预措施的反应都是独特的，不适合一刀切的方法。)”可知，专家告诫不要采用通用方法缓解城市热岛效应是因为任何策略的成功都取决于每个城市环境内的独特相互作用。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海·期中）The term “environmentalist” can mean different things. It used to refer to people trying to protect wildlife and natural ecosystems. In the 21st century, the term has evolved to capture the need to combat human-made climate change. The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism is the cause of a split within the scientific community about nuclear energy. On one side are purists who believe nuclear power isn’t worth the risk and the exclusive solution to the climate crisis is renewable energy. The opposing side agrees that renewable energy is crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers’ basic demands when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing. Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited. Leon Clarke, who helped author reports for the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, isn’t an uncritical supporter of nuclear energy, but says it’s a valuable option to have if we’re serious about reaching carbon neutrality. “Core to all of this is the degree to which you think we can actually meet climate goals with 100% renewable energy,” he said. “If you don’t believe we can do it, and you care about the climate, you are forced to think about something like nuclear.” The prospect of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious. Cities such as Burlington, Vermont, have been “100% renewable” for years. But these cities often have small populations, occasionally still rely on fossil fuel energy and have significant renewable resources at their immediate disposal. Meanwhile, countries that manage to run off renewable energy typically do so thanks to extraordinary hydroelectric capabilities. Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy. Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011 announced Energiewende, an energy transition that would phase out nuclear and coal while phasing in renewable energy. Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010, and renewable energy provided 46% of the country’s electricity in 2019. But progress has stopped in recent years. The instability of renewable energy doesn’t just mean energy is often not produced at night, but also that solar and wind can overwhelm the grid during the day, forcing utilities to pay customers to use their electricity. Lagging grid infrastructure struggles to transport this overabundance of green energy from Germany’s north to its industrial south, meaning many factories still run on coal and gas. The political limit has also been reached in some places, with citizens meeting the construction of new wind turbines with loud protests. The result is that Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions have fallen by around 11.5% since 2010 — slower than the EU average of 13.5%. 1．What is the solution to energy shortage proposed by purists’ opponents? A．Relying on renewable energy firmly and exclusively B．Using fossil fuel and green energy alternatively C．Choosing nuclear energy when necessary D．Limiting people’s non-basic consumption 2．What point does the author want to make with cities like Burlington as an example? A．It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world’s exclusive dependence on renewable energy is attainable. B．It is contentious whether cities with large populations have renewable resources at their immediate disposal. C．It is arguable whether cities that manage to run off renewable energy have sustainable hydroelectric capabilities. D．It is debatable whether traditional fossil fuel energy can be done away with entirely throughout the world. 3．What do we learn about Germany regarding renewable energy? A．It has increased its wind and solar power generation four times over the last two decades. B．It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy. C．It relies on renewable energy to generate more than half of its electricity. D．It has succeeded in reaching the goal of energy transition set by Merkel. 4．What may be one of the reasons for Germany’s progress having stopped in recent years? A．Its grid infrastructure’s capacity has fallen behind its development of green energy. B．Its overabundance of green energy has forced power plants to suspend operation during daytime. C．Its industrial south is used to running factories on conventional energy supplies. D．Its renewable energy supplies are unstable both at night and during the day. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“环保主义者”概念在21世纪的演变展开，指出当前学界就“是否完全依赖可再生能源”产生分裂：一方坚持100%可再生，另一方认为在风光不足时必须辅以核能。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段purists反对者的观点“The opposing side agrees that renewable energy is crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers’ basic demands when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing. Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited.(反对方虽承认可再生能源至关重要，但仍坚持社会必须有充足电力保障——尤其在无风无光的时段，必须满足消费者的基本用电需求。在缺乏水力发电资源的地区，核能作为比石油、天然气和煤炭清洁得多的能源，自然成为理想选择)” 可知，他们认为在必要时可选择核能。 故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第六段的内容“The prospect of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious. Cities such as Burlington, Vermont, have been “100% renewable” for years. But these cities often have small populations, occasionally still rely on fossil fuel energy and have significant renewable resources at their immediate disposal. Meanwhile, countries that manage to run off renewable energy typically do so thanks to extraordinary hydroelectric capabilities.(普遍100%可再生能源的前景同样存在争议。佛蒙特州的伯灵顿等城市多年来一直是“100%可再生能源”。但这些城市往往人口较少，偶尔仍依赖化石燃料能源，并有大量可再生资源可供直接使用。与此同时，那些成功利用可再生能源的国家通常要归功于非凡的水力发电能力)”可知，作者列举人口小、可再生资源丰富的伯灵顿等城市，旨在说明“全球完全依赖可再生能源”这一目标是否可行存在争议。 故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第七段的内容“Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy. Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011 announced Energiewende, an energy transition that would phase out nuclear and coal while phasing in renewable energy. Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010, and renewable energy provided 46% of the country’s electricity in 2019.(德国是一个推动绿色能源发展的工业化大国的最佳研究案例。德国总理安格拉•默克尔在2011年宣布了能源转型计划，这是一项能源转型计划，将逐步淘汰核能和煤炭，同时逐步使用可再生能源。自2010年以来，风能和太阳能发电量增长了400%以上，2019年可再生能源提供了该国46%的电力)”可知，德国是一个工业化国家推广绿色能源的好典范。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据第八段的句子“Lagging grid infrastructure struggles to transport this overabundance of green energy from Germany’s north to its industrial south, meaning many factories still run on coal and gas. The political limit has also been reached in some places, with citizens meeting the construction of new wind turbines with loud protests.(滞后的电网基础设施难以将德国北部过剩的绿色电力输送到工业重镇南部，导致许多工厂仍依靠煤电和气电。部分地区更触及了政策天花板——民众以强烈抗议抵制新风力发电机的修建)”可知，电网容量落后是德国进展受阻的重要原因。 故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）Beneath the waves of the Coral Sea, a team of scientists and students is working on a unique project: growing coral reefs to restore damaged ecosystems. Coral reefs are home to 25% of marine species, but many are dying due to climate change and pollution.​ The project starts in a lab, where scientists grow coral fragments in tanks. Students help monitor water temperature and pH levels, ensuring the conditions are perfect. Once the corals are strong enough, they’re transported to the ocean and attached to metal frames on the seabed.​ “It’s painstaking work,” says marine biologist Dr. Rivera. “Each coral takes months to grow, and we have to protect them from predators like crown-of-thorns starfish.” But the effort is worth it. Last year, a section of reef they planted showed 30% growth, and fish have started returning to the area.​ Students involved in the project gain hands-on experience in marine biology. “I never thought I’d be scuba diving to plant coral,” says 17-year-old Maya. “It’s one thing to learn about ecosystems in class, but another to actually help restore them.”​ Dr. Rivera is optimistic about the future. “We’re not just restoring coral reefs; we’re restoring hope,” she says. “Every new coral fragment we plant is a step towards a healthier ocean, and that’s something worth fighting for.” With continued dedication, collaboration, and innovation, the team is proving that it’s possible to reverse the damage done to these vital ecosystems, one coral at a time.​ 1．Why are coral reefs important?​ A．They are a source of food for humans.​ B．They are home to 25% of marine species.​ C．They protect coastlines from storms.​ D．They are used to make medicine.​ 2．Where do scientists grow coral fragments first?​ A．On metal frames in the ocean.​ B．In tanks in a lab.​ C．In shallow pools near the beach.​ D．In special greenhouses on land.​ 3．What do students help with in the lab?​ A．Designing metal frames for coral.​ B．Scuba diving to plant coral.​ C．Monitoring water temperature and pH levels.​ D．Protecting coral from predators.​ 4．What can we learn from Maya’s words? A．She dislikes learning about ecosystems in class B．She never wants to scuba dive again C．Practical experience is different from classroom learning D．She thinks restoring ecosystems is impossible 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家与学生团队在珊瑚海开展珊瑚礁修复项目的实践过程，结合学生参与体验与科学家观点，阐述了项目对生态恢复的意义及面临的挑战，同时传递了通过科学行动保护海洋生态的积极信息。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Coral reefs are home to 25% of marine species, but many are dying due to climate change and pollution.​ (珊瑚礁是25%的海洋物种的家园，但由于气候变化和污染，许多珊瑚礁正逐渐消亡。)”可知，珊瑚礁的重要性在于它们是25%的海洋物种的栖息地。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The project starts in a lab, where scientists grow coral fragments in tanks.(这个项目始于实验室，科学家们在水箱中培育珊瑚碎片。)”可知，科学家首先在实验室的水箱中培育珊瑚碎片。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Students help monitor water temperature and pH levels, ensuring the conditions are perfect.(学生们帮忙监测水温与pH值，确保环境条件适宜。)”可知，学生在实验室里帮忙监测水温与pH值。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““I never thought I’d be scuba diving to plant coral,” says 17-year-old Maya. “It’s one thing to learn about ecosystems in class, but another to actually help restore them.”​(“我从没想过自己会戴着水肺潜水去种植珊瑚，”17岁的Maya说，“在课堂上学习生态系统是一回事，而真正参与修复它们又是另一回事。”)”可知，Maya认为在课堂上学习生态系统和实际参与修复它们是不同的，即实践经验与课堂学习有所不同。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·四川广安·期末）Green Roofs: Breathing Life into Concrete Jungles Imagine concrete jungles turning into living landscapes. Across global cities, rooftops are being transformed into gardens, creating what we call green roofs. 1 Originally popularized in Germany in the 1960s, this innovative approach is now a worldwide nature-based solution to urban environmental crises, demonstrating how cities can harmonize with ecosystems. Natural Cooling Systems The most immediate benefit lies in cooling overheated cities. 2 The soil and plants act as natural blockers, reducing surface temperatures by up to 40°C in summer. This significantly decreases the ‌“urban heat island” effect where cities become markedly warmer than surrounding rural areas. Consequently, buildings require less air conditioning. Such temperature regulation also improves air quality by reducing ozone formation. Stormwater Managers Another critical function involves managing stormwater. During heavy rainfalls, traditional roofs cause rapid runoff, often resulting in drainage systems overflowing. Green roofs work like sponges, absorbing about 70% of rainfall. And through their layered structure of soil, drainage mats, and plants, green roofs also filter heavy metals and pollutants from rainwater. 3 Biodiversity Sanctuaries (保护区) These raised gardens also create vital habitats for birds, insects, and pollinators (传粉者) in areas where natural spaces are rare. Even simple green roofs with native plants support dozens of insect species. 4 . Urban ecologists confirm that such mini-ecosystems strengthen city recovery ability by maintaining pollination networks and natural pest control. In cities like London and Chicago, rare bird species have been observed nesting on high-rise green roofs. 5 From lowering energy bills to creating wildlife corridors and reducing flood risks, green roofs demonstrate how mixing architecture with ecology can build healthier, more sustainable cities for our future. As climate change worsens, these sky-high gardens symbolize humanity’s potential to coexist creatively with nature. A．These habitats play a key role in urban ecology B．Thus, they prevent water pollution effectively C．Green roofs offer multiple environmental benefits D．Research claims that they remove heat islands entirely E．This is achieved by adding plants and soil on rooftops F．Such designs also lower construction costs significantly G．This concept represents a shift from fighting nature to working with it 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色屋顶这一创新概念，阐述了它在降温、管理雨水、保护生物多样性等方面的环境益处，体现了建筑与生态结合对城市可持续发展的作用。 1．上文“Across global cities, rooftops are being transformed into gardens, creating what we call green roofs.(在全球的城市中，屋顶正在被改造成花园，形成了我们所说的绿色屋顶)”引出绿色屋顶这一概念，G选项“This concept represents a shift from fighting nature to working with it.(这一概念代表了从与自然对抗到与自然合作的转变)”进一步说明绿色屋顶概念的意义，与上文衔接自然，解释了这种转变的含义。故选G项。 2．上文“The most immediate benefit lies in cooling overheated cities.(最直接的好处在于为过热的城市降温)”指出绿色屋顶的降温好处，E选项“This is achieved by adding plants and soil on rooftops.(这是通过在屋顶上添加植物和土壤来实现的)”说明实现降温的具体方式，与上文逻辑紧密，解释了如何达到降温效果。故选E项。 3．上文“Green roofs work like sponges, absorbing about 70% of rainfall. And through their layered structure of soil, drainage mats, and plants, green roofs also filter heavy metals and pollutants from rainwater.(绿色屋顶像海绵一样，吸收大约70%的降雨。通过土壤、排水垫和植物的分层结构，绿色屋顶还能过滤雨水中的重金属和污染物)”介绍了绿色屋顶对雨水的吸收和过滤作用，B选项“Thus, they prevent water pollution effectively.(因此，它们能有效防止水污染)”说明这种作用带来的结果，与上文因果关系明确。故选B项。 4．上文“These raised gardens also create vital habitats for birds, insects, and pollinators (传粉者) in areas where natural spaces are rare. Even simple green roofs with native plants support dozens of insect species.(这些高架花园还为鸟类、昆虫和传粉者在自然空间稀缺的地区创造了重要的栖息地。即使是种植本土植物的简单绿色屋顶也能支持数十种昆虫物种)”强调了绿色屋顶对生物栖息地的创造作用，A选项“These habitats play a key role in urban ecology(这些栖息地在城市生态中起着关键作用)”进一步说明这些栖息地的重要性，与上文话题一致，逻辑连贯。故选A项。 5．下文“From lowering energy bills to creating wildlife corridors and reducing flood risks, green roofs demonstrate how mixing architecture with ecology can build healthier, more sustainable cities for our future.(从降低能源账单到创造野生动物通道和降低洪水风险，绿色屋顶展示了如何将建筑与生态结合，为我们的未来建设更健康、更可持续的城市)”列举了绿色屋顶的诸多好处，C选项“Green roofs offer multiple environmental benefits(绿色屋顶提供多种环境益处)”是对下文内容的概括总结，引出下文具体好处的介绍。故选C项。 Passage 6 （2025高三·全国·专题练习） In traditional Chinese culture, there is a saying —“All things have a beginning, but few can reach the end.” It comes from The Book of Songs, China's first anthology of poems which dates back more than 2,000 years. The expression was initially a criticism of King Zhouli from the Western Zhou Dynasty, a notorious tyrant in Chinese history. He was criticized for constantly changing his orders. 1 Making a good start is not difficult, but it is the perseverance to the very end that is hard. 2 It was often carved on plates or bottles by ancient Chinese people, to remind them to finish what they start. From a wasteland to a sea of forests, the miraculous transformation of Saihanba, the world's largest artificial plantation in north China's Hebei Province, has demonstrated such traditional Chinese philosophy advocating perseverance. 3 Since its establishment, generations of workers have weathered tough conditions there, creating and safeguarding the spectacular different shades of green on the former wasteland. In the first two years after the farm's establishment, more than 2,000 mu of trees were planted. However, only less than 8 percent survived each year. 4 To ensure the survival of the trees, the foresters started to explore scientific and technological breakthroughs and have developed their own technologies on cultivating seedlings and taking care of them. 5 Thanks to consistent efforts over the past decades, the forest farm has been expanded to 1.15 million mu, becoming an important ecological shield for Beijing and adjacent regions. In 2017, the Saihanba afforestation community won the United Nations Champions of the Earth Award for its outstanding contribution to transforming degraded land into a lush green paradise. A．The saying later became a motto. B．The forest farm was founded in 1962. C．That’s due to the severe climate. D．Thus, this brought misery to the people. E．He was attacked for his changeable behaviors. F．Generations of foresters devoted themselves to it. G．The remaining gradually grow into strong ones eventually. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代名言“靡不有初，鲜克有终”在塞罕坝林场的实践，塞罕坝从荒原变为世界上最大的人工林，展示了通过不懈努力实现生态奇迹的典范。 1．根据空前的“The expression was initially a criticism of King Zhouli from the Western Zhou Dynasty, a notorious tyrant in Chinese history. He was criticized for constantly changing his orders.(这个表述最初是对西周时期暴君周厉王的批评。周厉王是中国历史上一位声名狼藉的暴君。他因不断更改指令而受到了批评)”可知周厉王是暴君，经常更改命令。所填句承接上文，要体现他的做法带来的恶果。D项“给人民带来了苦难”，说明了这种行为带来的后果，符合语境。故选D 项。 2．根据空前的“Making a good start is not difficult, but it is the perseverance to the very end that is hard.(良好的开端并不难，但难的是坚持到底的毅力) 以及空后的“It was often carved on plates or bottles by ancient Chinese people, to remind them to finish what they start.(古代中国人常常将这句话刻在盘子或酒瓶上，以此来提醒自己要善始善终)”可知，本段强调善始善终很重要，这句话被记录下来。由于所填句起到承上启下的作用，A项“这句话后来成了座右铭”符合要求，因为它成为座右铭后才能被刻在盘子或酒瓶上。故选A项。 3．根据空后的“Since its establishment, generations of workers have weathered tough conditions there, creating and safeguarding the spectacular different shades of green on the former wasteland.(自成立以来，一代又一代的工人在那里恶劣环境中辛勤工作，创造了并守护着这片曾经荒芜之地的绚丽多彩的绿色景观)”可知，本句要对its establishment(它的成立)进行解释。B项“这个林场始建于1962年”，和was founded和its establishment是同义关系，体现前后句的衔接。故选B项。 4．根据空前的“In the first two years after the farm's establishment, more than 2,000 mu of trees were planted. However, only less than 8 percent survived each year.(在林场建立后的头两年里，种植了超过2000亩的树木。然而，每年只有不到8%的树苗存活下来)”可知，这是在陈述树木成活率低的现象。所填句承接上文，要解释该现象的原因。C项“那是因为恶劣的气候”，与上文形成因果关系，与推断相符。故选C项。 5．本题在第六段段首，根据空后的“Thanks to consistent efforts over the past decades, the forest farm has been expanded to 1.15 million mu, becoming an important ecological shield for Beijing and adjacent regions.(得益于过去几十年来的持续努力，这片林场的面积已扩大至115万亩，成为了北京及周边地区重要的生态屏障)”可知，本段讲述了该林场得到了发展。首句应交代与林场发展相关的信息。F项“一代又一代的林业工作者都致力于这项工作”，体现了林场的发展与林业工作者息息相关，符合本段语境。故选F项。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）When I was 24, I moved to America, 11,000 kilometers away from my homeland. This was 1 , especially fitting into an unfamiliar environment. Working from home increased my 2 , as I was cut off from social activities. However, serving as a volunteer at a local animal shelter (收容所) 3 everything. Upon arriving at the shelter, I was 4 to a small, grey and white cat named Luna immediately. Found abandoned and afraid of humans, Luna 5 in the corner, shaking. Her lonely green eyes seemed to 6 my own sense of displacement in this foreign land. My task was to slowly gain Luna’s 7 and help her adjust, which felt 8 to my efforts to adapt to this new place. 9 days turned into weeks, Luna and I developed a bond. The process of feeding her, speaking softly, and the 10 required to look after her made this little creature gradually open her heart to me. Her 11 encouraged me to step outside, make new friends, and become part of the community. My time at the shelter provided a valuable insight into 12 in a new country. It is an inspiring experience of 13 gaps of language and culture and a journey of personal growth. From it, I realized the value of time, love, and a(n) 14 heart in forming meaningful relationships. This journey aided me in finding a sense of 15 in an unfamiliar land. 1．A．shocking B．significant C．tough D．ignorant 2．A．loneliness B．fortune C．intelligence D．boredom 3．A．promoted B．changed C．challenged D．destroyed 4．A．pushed B．donated C．attracted D．devoted 5．A．disappeared B．relaxed C．located D．hid 6．A．observe B．reflect C．declare D．control 7．A．credit B．trust C．reaction D．favor 8．A．beneficial B．precious C．harmful D．similar 9．A．Until B．While C．As D．Since 10．A．patience B．independence C．intelligence D．guidance 11．A．devotion B．curiosity C．defence D．acceptance 12．A．settling down B．setting up C．speeding up D．passing down 13．A．widening B．bridging C．removing D．creating 14．A．sensitive B．simple C．open D．warm 15．A．belonging B．achievement C．responsibility D．freedom 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者移居美国后，通过在动物收容所做志愿者逐渐适应新环境并找到归属感的故事。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很艰难，尤其是要融入一个陌生的环境。A. shocking令人震惊的；B. significant重要的；C. tough艰难的；D. ignorant无知的。根据后文“especially fitting into an unfamiliar environment”可知，融入陌生环境是艰难的。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在家工作增加了我的孤独感，因为我与社会活动隔绝了。A. loneliness孤独；B. fortune运气；C. intelligence智力；D. boredom无聊。根据后文“as I was cut off from social activities”可知，与社会活动隔绝增加了孤独感。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在当地动物收容所做志愿者改变了一切。A. promoted促进；B. changed改变；C. challenged挑战；D. destroyed破坏。根据前文“However”可知，前后情况相反，志愿者工作改变了之前的状况。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一到收容所，我立刻被一只名叫露娜的小灰白猫吸引住了。A. pushed推；B. donated捐赠；C. attracted吸引；D. devoted奉献。根据后文“Found abandoned and afraid of humans, Luna ___5___ in the corner, shaking. Her lonely green eyes seemed to ___6___ my own sense of displacement in this foreign land.”可知，作者对小猫非常关注，所以作者被小猫露娜吸引住了。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：露娜被遗弃，害怕人类，躲在角落里发抖。A. disappeared消失；B. relaxed放松；C. located定位；D. hid躲藏。根据前文“afraid of humans”及后文“in the corner, shaking”可知，害怕人类的小猫会躲起来。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她孤独的绿色眼睛似乎反映了我自己在这个异国他乡的失落感。A. observe观察；B. reflect反映；C. declare宣布；D. control控制。根据后文“my own sense of displacement in this foreign land”可知，小猫的眼神反映出作者的感受。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的任务是慢慢赢得露娜的信任，帮助她适应，这感觉和我努力适应这个新地方很相似。A. credit信用；B. trust信任；C. reaction反应；D. favor偏爱。根据后文“help her adjust”可知，帮助小猫需要先获得它的信任。故选B。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. beneficial有益的；B. precious珍贵的；C. harmful有害的；D. similar相似的。根据前文“help her adjust”及后文“to my efforts to adapt to this new place”可知，作者适应新环境和小猫适应新环境的过程是相似的。故选D。 9．考查连词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，露娜和我建立了深厚的关系。A. Until直到；B. While当……时候；C. As随着；D. Since自从。根据后文“days turned into weeks”可知，此处表示时间的推移。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：喂她、轻声说话和照顾她所需要的耐心让这个小家伙逐渐向我敞开了心扉。A. patience耐心；B. independence独立；C. intelligence智力；D. guidance指导。根据后文“required to look after her”可知，照顾害怕人类的小猫需要耐心。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的接受鼓励我走出去，结交新朋友，成为社区的一员。A. devotion奉献；B. curiosity好奇心；C. defence防御；D. acceptance接受。根据前文“this little creature gradually open her heart to me”可知，小猫接受了作者。故选D。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在收容所的经历让我对在新国家定居有了宝贵的认识。A. settling down定居；B. setting up建立；C. speeding up加速；D. passing down传递。根据前文“When I was 24, I moved to America”可知，作者搬到美国生活，属于在新国家定居。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一次弥合语言和文化差距的鼓舞人心的经历，也是一次个人成长之旅。A. widening拓宽；B. bridging架桥于，弥合；C. removing移除；D. creating创造。根据后文“gaps of language and culture”可知，此处指消除语言和文化隔阂，bridge the gap意为“弥合差距，消除隔阂” 。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从中，我意识到在建立有意义的关系中，时间、爱和开放的心态的价值。A. sensitive敏感的；B. simple简单的；C. open开放的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文“this little creature gradually open her heart to me”可知，开放的心有助于建立有意义的关系。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段旅程帮助我在一个陌生的地方找到了归属感。A. belonging归属感；B. achievement成就；C. responsibility责任；D. freedom自由。根据前文“step outside, make new friends, and become part of the community”可知，作者从孤独到融入社区，是找到了归属感。故选A。 Passage 8 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末）I’ve always had a passion for animals but my parents worked long hours, so I was just 1 a parrot at home. He was kept in a cage and couldn’t fly 2 , and often fell behind the oven when we let him out. I think I’ve been destined to 3 the strays (流浪宠物). I went with a friend to a farm to buy her dog and there was a tiny poor sheepdog. I bought her on the 4 . I got my first kitten from a charity, to offer the dog 5 while I was working. They loved each other. My dog was 16 when she died, and she ended up being a security 6 to eight skinny adopted cats through the years. One day in 2023, my son rang to tell me there was a white rabbit on the road. We 7 it with the aid of sweeping brushes and buckets. I advertised him, but no one 8 him. Alan, another adopted dog, liked our rescue Siamese cat Po, and they were 9 . Not long after, my friend Jane sent me a(n) 10 to rehome an ancient Siamese cat who hadn’t much sight. “You know what you want,” she said. We couldn’t 11 a huge and fluffy one. He got around clicking like sonar (声呐) and always 12 his way to our laps. We said it would be enough to keep these animals. Then a friend asked me to 13 details of a chow mutt found wandering as a stray. We went to see her — just to look. My heart was 14 . But I couldn’t stop thinking about her. Someone was lined up to see her and I rang the shelter in 15 . Yes, she’s now part of the family. 1．A．boasted B．arranged C．allowed D．shown 2．A．silently B．properly C．directly D．deliberately 3．A．take in B．take on C．quest for D．adapt to 4．A．horizon B．whole C．spot D．way 5．A．company B．safety C．compassion D．freedom 6．A．vest B．blanket C．helmet D．towel 7．A．played B．cleaned C．kidnapped D．caught 8．A．defended B．purchased C．hired D．claimed 9．A．uneasy. B．intolerable C．inseparable D．unaware 10．A．warning B．protest C．enquiry D．appeal 11．A．bury B．resist C．liberate D．control 12．A．felt B．made C．inched D．squeezed 13．A．spread B．shorten C．polish D．explain 14．A．worn-out B．wide-open C．highly-sensitive D．sealed-off 15．A．innocence B．surprise C．panic D．doubt 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者从小因父母工作繁忙，只被允许养一只鹦鹉；后来逐渐开始救助流浪动物，并与这些动物建立了深厚感情，救助行为也成为生活的一部分。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直很喜欢动物，但父母工作时间很长，所以家里只允许我养一只鹦鹉。A. boasted夸耀；B. arranged安排；C. allowed允许；D. shown展示。根据上文“but my parents worked long hours”和下文“He was kept in a cage and couldn’t fly”可知，父母工作忙所以作者只被允许养鹦鹉。故选C。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它被关在笼子里，不能正常飞行，我们放它出来时，它还经常掉到烤箱后面。A. silently安静地；B. properly正常地；适当地；C. directly直接地；D. deliberately故意地。根据“He was kept in a cage and couldn’t fly”可知，鹦鹉长期被关在笼子里，飞行能力受影响，因此是不能正常飞行。故选B。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我觉得我注定要收留流浪宠物。A. take in收留，接纳；B. take on承担，呈现；C. quest for寻找；D. adapt to适应。根据“the strays”和第四段提到作者收养了多种流浪动物，可知作者认为自己注定要收养流浪宠物。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我当场就买下了它。A. horizon视野；B. whole整体；C. spot地点，现场；D. way方式。根据“I went with a friend to a farm to buy her dog and there was a tiny poor sheepdog. I bought her ”推知，作者当场买下了可怜的小牧羊犬。on the spot“当场”。故选C。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从慈善机构领养了第一只小猫，以便我工作时能给狗作伴。A. company陪伴；B. safety安全；C. compassion同情；D. freedom自由。根据“while I was working. ”推知，作者工作时，小猫可以陪伴狗，避免狗孤单。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的狗16岁时去世了，这些年来，它最终成了8只被收养的瘦小猫的“安全毯”。A. vest背心；B. blanket毯子（比喻“安全感来源”）；C. helmet头盔；D. towel毛巾。根据“she ended up being a security”可知，牧羊犬为被收养的8只小猫提供了安全感，security blanket是固定搭配，原指“儿童用来获得安全感的毯子”，此处比喻狗给小猫带来安全感符合语境。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们用扫帚和水桶帮忙把它抓住了。A. played玩耍；B. cleaned清洁；C. kidnapped绑架；D. caught抓住。根据“with the aid of sweeping brushes and buckets”可知，此处是指用工具抓住了兔子。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发布了认领启事，但没人认领它。A. defended保卫；B. purchased购买；C. hired雇佣；D. claimed认领。根据“I advertised him”和表示转折的but可知，作者为兔子找主人，但没人认领。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一只被收养的狗艾伦喜欢我们救助的暹罗猫波，它们形影不离。A. uneasy不安的；B. intolerable无法忍受的；C. inseparable形影不离的；D. unaware未察觉的。根据“Alan, another adopted dog, liked our rescue Siamese cat Po”可知，狗和猫关系好，形影不离。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，我的朋友简给我发了一条求助信息，恳求能给一只视力不佳的老暹罗猫找个新家。A. warning警告；B. protest抗议；C. enquiry询问；D. appeal呼吁，求助。根据“to rehome an ancient Siamese cat who hadn’t much sight.”可知，为流浪猫找新家是求助，朋友恳求作者收留流浪猫。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们无法抗拒这只又大又毛茸茸的猫。A. bury埋葬；B. resist抗拒；C. liberate解放；D. control控制。根据“a huge and fluffy one” 并结合作者喜欢动物可知，作者无法抗拒收养这只猫。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它通过像声呐一样的咔嗒声辨别方向，总能设法爬到我们的腿上。A. felt感觉；B. made制作；C. inched缓慢移动；D. squeezed挤压。根据“He got around clicking like sonar”推知，猫总能找到作者，make one’s way to意为“设法到达，前往”。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后一个朋友让我转发一只被发现流浪的松狮混血犬的信息。A. spread传播，转发；B. shorten缩短；C. polish润色；D. explain解释。根据上文“We said it would be enough to keep these animals. ”和“details of a chow mutt found wandering as a stray”可知，作者认为自己收养的流浪动物已经够多了，因此朋友请作者转发为流浪狗找家的信息。故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的心已经封闭起来（不想再收养动物）。A. worn-out疲惫的；B. wide-open敞开的，被打动的；C. highly-sensitive高度敏感的；D. sealed-off封锁的。根据上文“We went to see her — just to look.”可知，作者就只打算看看，并不打算收养，即内心是封闭起来的。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：已经有人排队要来看它了，我焦急地给收容所打了电话。A. innocence天真；B. surprise惊讶；C. panic焦急；恐慌；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“But I couldn’t stop thinking about her.”和下文“Yes, she’s now part of the family.”可知，作者担心狗被别人领养，因此焦急地打电话给收容所。故选C。 Passage 9 （24-25高一下·湖南永州·期末） When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to mind. 1 , recent research by environmental scientists shows that in fact humans are the most fearsome hunters, 2 have the greatest impact on animal populations. Human activities have brought many animals close to 3 (extinct); in the last 500 years, over 300 species of animals 4 (go) extinct. Some activities, such as hunting and fishing, directly harm animals, while other activities, such as development in towns and cities, impact indirectly on animal populations. Hunting and fishing have directly influenced the world’s animal populations. Some people hunt animals 5 food: whale meat is eaten in some parts of the world. Some people hunt animals for fashion: animal skin is used 6 (make) coats and bags. Still others hunt animals just for fun: deer 7 (track) and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport. Human activities may have indirect effects on animals that can be just as harmful. When 8 (build) farms or factories, we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere to live, or no food to eat. Partly due to pollution 9 (cause) by ship traffic and other human activities, the dolphin population has dropped 10 (great). As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 【答案】 1．However 2．who 3．extinction 4．have gone 5．for 6．to make 7．are tracked 8．building 9．caused 10．greatly 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明人类是最可怕的捕猎者，其狩猎、城市发展等活动直接或间接影响动物种群，导致众多物种濒危或灭绝，且人类的影响还会随人口增长加剧。 1．考查副词。句意：然而，环境科学家们最近的研究表明，实际上人类才是最可怕的猎手，对动物种群的影响也最为巨大。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，用however，首字母大写。故填However。 2．考查定语从句。句意：然而，环境科学家们最近的研究表明，实际上人类才是最可怕的猎手，对动物种群的影响也最为巨大。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词hunters，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 3．考查名词。句意：人类的活动致使许多动物濒临灭绝；在过去的500年里，已有超过300种动物灭绝。作介词的宾语，用名词extinction，故填extinction。 4．考查时态。句意：人类的活动致使许多动物濒临灭绝；在过去的500年里，已有超过300种动物灭绝。根据上文in the last 500 years可知为现在完成时，主语为over 300 species of animals，助动词用have。故填have gone。 5．考查介词。句意：有些人捕猎动物是为了获取食物：在世界上的某些地区，人们会食用鲸鱼肉。for表示“为了”，强调目的。故填for。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人捕猎动物是为了满足时尚需求：动物的皮毛被用于制作外套和手袋。短语be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。故填to make。 7．考查时态语态。句意：还有一些人捕猎动物纯粹是为了寻求乐趣：那些人会追踪猎鹿的踪迹并将其射杀，他们正是为了享受这项运动带来的刺激而这么做。主语deer与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are tracked。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在建造农场或工厂时，我们会破坏动物的栖息地，导致许多动物无处栖身，或者没有食物可吃。此处build与we构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填building。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：部分原因是由于船舶交通以及人类其他活动所造成的污染，海豚的数量大幅减少。此处cause与pollution构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填caused。 10．考查副词。句意：部分原因是由于船舶交通以及人类其他活动所造成的污染，海豚的数量大幅减少。修饰动词drop用副词greatly。故填greatly。 Passage 10 （24-25高一下·河南许昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traveling broadens the mind. We can learn about new places and people and, in doing so, we learn more about 1 (we). And yet, it’s important that we do not allow animals, nature 2 the planet as a whole to pay the price for our experiences. That’s why we support ecotourism (生态旅游). The idea has been winning popularity since 3 early 1980s. Ecotourism is about traveling in a sustainable (可持续的), kind and thoughtful way. It means 4 (think) about everything about the place we’re visiting: the animals, the environment, and the local people. Sustainable ecotourism tries to reduce the impact of 5 (visitor) on the local environment. For example, one of the key aims of ecotourism 6 (be) to ensure that natural attractions and wildlife remain undamaged for future generations to experience. Slogans (口号) such as “take nothing but memories, leave nothing but footprints” are an easy 7 (introduce) to ecotourism for holidaymakers interested in sustainability. They are only a starting point, however. To realize ecotourism, we need to consider all the effects of our travels, not just the most 8 (notice) ones. Today, many people realize 9 important ecotourism is. More and more people are choosing ecotourism as a way 10 (achieve) sustainability and healthy development. 【答案】 1．ourselves 2．and 3．the 4．thinking 5．visitors 6．is 7．introduction 8．noticeable 9．how 10．to achieve 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生态旅游的概念、目的和意义，强调了生态旅游在可持续发展和健康旅行中的重要性。 1．考查代词。句意：我们可以了解新的地方和人，在此过程中，我们更多地了解自己。空处宾语与主语we指代相同，作about的宾语，需用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 2．考查连词。句意：然而，重要的是，我们不要让动物、自然或整个地球为我们的经历付出代价。“animals, nature”和“the planet as a whole”为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 3．考查冠词。句意：自20世纪80年代初以来，这个想法越来越受欢迎。表示“在……世纪……年代”，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着要考虑我们正在访问的地方的一切：动物、环境和当地人。mean doing sth.为固定短语，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填thinking。 5．考查名词。句意：可持续生态旅游试图减少游客对当地环境的影响。空处需填名词visitor作介词of的宾语，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填visitors。 6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，生态旅游的一个关键目标是确保自然景点和野生动物完好无损，供后代体验。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，one of+复数名词为固定短语，意为“……之一”，主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 7．考查名词。句意：对于对可持续性感兴趣的度假者来说，“只带走回忆，只留下脚印”这样的口号是生态旅游的简单介绍。easy为形容词，修饰名词，结合an可知空处需填名词单数形式introduction“介绍”作表语。故填introduction。 8．考查形容词。句意：为了实现生态旅游，我们需要考虑我们旅行的所有影响，而不仅仅是最明显的影响。空处修饰代词ones，需用形容词noticeable“明显的”作定语。故填noticeable。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：今天，许多人意识到生态旅游的重要性。空处引导宾语从句，修饰形容词important，需用连接副词how引导，表示“多么重要”。故填how。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的人选择生态旅游作为实现可持续发展和健康发展的方式。名词way“方式，方法”后面需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to achieve。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 Earth first 地球至上 话题阅读精练 时文拓展阅读 The Urgency of Saving the Earth Our planet, Earth, is facing numerous environmental challenges that demand immediate attention. One of the most pressing issues is climate change. Rising global temperatures are causing glaciers to melt at an alarming rate, leading to a rise in sea levels. This not only threatens coastal communities but also has a profound impact on the delicate balance of the Earth's ecosystems. Deforestation is another major problem. Vast areas of forests are being cut down for various reasons, such as logging, agriculture, and urban expansion. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Without enough trees, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, further exacerbating the climate problem. Pollution is also taking a toll on the Earth. Industrial waste, plastic debris, and chemical pollutants are contaminating our air, water, and soil. This pollution not only harms wildlife but also poses a serious threat to human health. For example, plastic pollution in the oceans has led to many marine animals getting entangled in plastic or ingesting it, which can cause injury, starvation, and even death. However, there is still hope. Many individuals, organizations, and governments around the world are taking action. Some people are making small but significant changes in their daily lives, like reducing waste, using reusable products, and conserving energy. Scientists are researching and developing new technologies to help mitigate the environmental problems. If we all work together, we can make a difference and ensure a sustainable future for our planet. 语篇翻译: 拯救地球的紧迫性 我们的星球 —— 地球，正面临着众多亟待关注的环境挑战。其中最紧迫的问题之一是气候变化。全球气温上升正导致冰川以惊人的速度融化，进而引发海平面上升。这不仅威胁着沿海社区，还对地球生态系统的微妙平衡产生深远影响。 森林砍伐是另一个主要问题。由于伐木、农业和城市扩张等各种原因，大片森林正在被砍伐。树木在吸收二氧化碳（一种导致全球变暖的温室气体）方面起着至关重要的作用。没有足够的树木，大气中的二氧化碳含量就会增加，进一步加剧气候问题。 污染也在损害地球。工业废料、塑料垃圾和化学污染物正在污染我们的空气、水和土壤。这种污染不仅危害野生动物，还对人类健康构成严重威胁。例如，海洋中的塑料污染导致许多海洋动物被塑料缠住或误食塑料，这可能会导致受伤、饥饿甚至死亡。 然而，仍然有希望。世界各地的许多个人、组织和政府都在采取行动。一些人在日常生活中做出虽小但意义重大的改变，比如减少浪费、使用可重复利用的产品和节约能源。科学家们正在研究和开发新技术，以帮助缓解环境问题。如果我们齐心协力，就能有所作为，为我们的星球确保一个可持续的未来。 重点词汇： urgency /ˈɜːdʒənsi/：n. 紧迫性；紧急的事 pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/：adj. 紧迫的；迫切的 glacier /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/：n. 冰川 deforestation /ˌdiːfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/：n. 森林砍伐 logging /ˈlɒɡɪŋ/：n. 伐木；采伐 exacerbate /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/：v. 使恶化；使加剧 mitigate /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/：v. 减轻；缓和 长难句分析: 1. Rising global temperatures are causing glaciers to melt at an alarming rate, leading to a rise in sea levels. 抓标志：现在分词 “leading”（作结果状语的标志） 判类型：主句（Rising global temperatures are causing glaciers to melt at an alarming rate）＋现在分词短语作结果状语（leading to a rise in sea levels） 试翻译：全球气温上升正导致冰川以惊人的速度融化，进而引发海平面上升。 2. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. 抓标志：同位语 “a greenhouse gas”；关系代词 “that” 判类型：主句（Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide）＋同位语（a greenhouse gas），同位语后接定语从句（that contributes to global warming）修饰先行词 “a greenhouse gas” 试翻译：树木在吸收二氧化碳（一种导致全球变暖的温室气体）方面起着至关重要的作用。 高考真题链接 （2007·福建·高考真题B篇） A small town in southwest Britain is banning(禁止) plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste---a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe. Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. Last month, San Franciso became the first U.S. city to ban plastic grocery bags. Internationally, laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of South Africa and Ireland, where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out. Bangladesh already bans them, and so do at least 30 remote Alaskan villages. Modbury, about 225 miles southwest of London,has also declared a bag amnesty(宽限期), allowing local people to hand in plastic bags that have piled up at home.They will be sent for traveling. The Modbury ban was the idea of Rebecca Hosking, who saw the effect of bags on marine life while working in the Pacific as a wildlife camerawoman. She said response(反应) in the town so far had been “really positive”. “Modbury is quite an old-fashioned town and a lot of people have wicker baskets to go out shopping anyway,” Hosking told Sky News Television. The Worldwatch Institute, an environmental research agency, states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the United States alone. More than 500 billion are used yearly around the world. 61．What was Rebecca Hosking? A．A lawyer. B．An environmentalist. C．A sailor. D．A photographer. 62．The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means _______. A．acceptable B．valuable C．throw-away D．long-lasting 63．It can be inferred from the passage that _______. A．most of the people in Modbury continue to use plastic bags B．fewer and fewer plastic bags will be used in the world C．San Francisco is the first city to ban plastic bags in the world D．most countries in the world have passed laws to ban plastic bags 64．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．Environmental Protection B．Big Cities Banning Plastic Bags C．Effect of Plastic Bags on Sea Animals D．British Town Banning Plastic Bags Internationally, laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of South Africa and Ireland, where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out. 抓标志：关系副词 “where”；关系代词 “who”“that” 判类型：主句（laws...have been passed...），其中 “to discourage the use of plastic bags” 是不定式短语作定语修饰 “laws”；主句后接非限制性定语从句（where governments...hand them out），修饰先行词 “parts of South Africa and Ireland”；定语从句中包含由 “either...or...” 连接的并列谓语（tax shoppers... 和 fine companies...），且 “shoppers” 后接定语从句（who use them），“companies” 后接定语从句（that hand them out） 试翻译：在国际上，南非和爱尔兰的部分地区已经通过了阻止使用塑料袋的法律，在这些地区，政府要么向使用塑料袋的购物者征税，要么对分发塑料袋的公司处以罚款。 hand out 分发；给予 disposable plastic bags 一次性塑料袋 cloth carrier bags 布质购物袋 discourage the use of 阻止…… 的使用 tax shoppers 向购物者征税 fine companies 对公司处以罚款 declare a bag amnesty 宣布塑料袋宽限期 pile up 堆积；积压 be sent for recycling 被送去回收利用 the idea of …… 的主意 marine life 海洋生物 old-fashioned town 传统小镇 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广西玉林·开学考试）For the past year, I’ve spent many hours and many Tuesdays volunteering at a wonderful zoo. I worked in the kitchen, helping to prepare food for the animals. This zoo is part of the AZA (Association of Zoos and Aquariums). Many animals here are part of a special program. The goal of this program is to protect animal species (物种) that are at risk or in danger of disappearing. The zoo has breeding plans to help these animals survive. I quickly learned that it’s easy to love all the animals. I especially liked one animal right away — the zoo’s prehensile-tailed porcupine (卷尾豪猪) named Fin. You might have seen YouTube videos of these animals eating and making cute noises. I learned that Fin really loves bananas and likes to peel them himself. One of my favorite things about Fin is his little nose, which looks like a pig’s nose. I also learned that nothing gets done without teamwork from the animal keepers. Taking care of all the zoo animals requires a lot of work. The keepers know a lot about every animal in the zoo. They work very hard, day and night, to keep the animals safe and healthy. Even in winter, the keepers stay at the zoo to make sure all the animals are happy and fed. Zoos are important. They teach visitors why we need to protect these animals and their homes. Most zoos care deeply for their animals and work very hard to keep them happy and healthy. 1．What do we know about the AZA program? A．It feeds animals with natural foods. B．It searches for uncommon animals. C．It saves species from dying out. D．It provides wild areas for animals. 2．What is one of the author’s favorite things about Fin? A．Fin’s love for bananas. B．Fin’s nose similar to a pig’s. C．Fin’s appearance in YouTube videos. D．Fin’s cute eating noises. 3．What does the author imply about zookeepers? A．They have medical backgrounds. B．They train animals for exercises. C．They become animals’ friends. D．They value animals’ emotions. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Zoos are not animal cages. B．Zoos should be free to all. C．Zoos are not as good as nature. D．Zoos should be under control. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·山东济南·开学考试）Metropolitan expansion, often hailed as a sign of progress, harbors a meteorological anomaly (异常现象) known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect — wherein cities register temperatures 2–8°C higher than adjacent  rural areas. A 2023 study spanning 50 global megacities (特大城市) revealed that this disparity intensifies (加剧) nocturnally, with urban nighttime temperatures averaging 5.2°C warmer, a phenomenon researchers attribute to the thermal inertia of impermeable (不能渗透的) surfaces like asphalt and concrete. The mechanisms driving UHIs are multifaceted yet interconnected. Solar radiation absorption by dark-colored infrastructure exceeds that of vegetated landscapes by 30–40%, a difference compounded by anthropogenic (人为的) heat sources: air conditioning units, industrial processes, and vehicular emissions collectively contribute 15–20% of urban heat gain. What complicates mitigation is the albedo (反照率) paradox — while light-colored “cool roofs” reflect 60% more sunlight than traditional dark roofs, their widespread adoption might inadvertently reduce snowmelt in nearby regions by altering atmospheric radiation patterns, a 2022 climate model suggests. Ecological ramifications extend beyond temperature. Urban heat stress disrupts phenological cycles: in Tokyo, cherry blossoms now bloom 7–10 days earlier than in the 1980s, mismatching pollinator (传粉者) activity. Aquatic systems suffer too; warm urban runoff (径流) raises stream temperatures by 3–6°C, reducing dissolved (溶解的) oxygen levels — a critical factor for 72% of freshwater fish species studied in the Thames River basin. Human health bears the brunt as well. Heat-related hospitalizations in U.S. cities surge (激增) by 2.3% for each 1°C temperature rise above 32°C, with elderly populations at 4.1 times greater risk. Paradoxically (矛盾地) , increased air conditioning use to counteract (抵消) heat elevates energy consumption by 10–15%, creating a feedback loop (循环) where carbon emissions intensifies global warming, further intensifying UHIs. Proposed solutions reveal unexpected trade-offs. Urban reforestation, while reducing ambient temperatures by 2–3°C through evapotranspiration , can increase pollen (花粉) counts by 25–30%, worsening respiratory conditions. Green infrastructure like rain gardens mitigates (缓解) runoff but may harbor mosquito larvae in stagnant water, potentially elevating vector-borne disease risks in tropical cities. As climatologist Dr. Amir Patel notes, “Addressing UHIs demands not silver bullets but adaptive mosaic (mosaic) strategies — interventions that balance local cooling with broader ecological stability.” The challenge lies in recognizing that each urban microclimate responds uniquely to interventions, defying one-size-fits-all approaches. 1．Why is the urban-rural temperature difference greater at night? A．City infrastructure holds heat longer than natural areas B．Cities absorb more sunlight during the day C．More heat is produced by devices at night D．There is less cloud cover over cities at night 2．What complicates the potential benefits of cool roofs according to the albedo paradox? A．Their reflective properties might have unintended effects on nearby environmental processes B．They require more frequent maintenance than traditional roofs, increasing costs C．They fail to reduce temperatures as effectively in urban centers as in suburbs D．Their light color makes them more prone to damage from extreme weather 3．The feedback loop created by increased air conditioning use arises because of which chain of events? A．Lower indoor temperatures lead to less outdoor activity, reducing urban cooling B．Higher energy demand from AC units results in factors that worsen the heat island effect C．Uneven cooling in buildings causes air pressure differences that trap heat D．Overuse of AC systems leads to mechanical failures that release excess heat 4．Why do experts caution against universal approaches to mitigating urban heat islands? A．Rural communities often resist measures that might alter regional temperature patterns B．The success of any strategy depends on unique interactions within each city’s environment C．Most proposed solutions have been proven ineffective in long-term studies D．Funding for large-scale projects is unavailable in most urban areas Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海·期中）The term “environmentalist” can mean different things. It used to refer to people trying to protect wildlife and natural ecosystems. In the 21st century, the term has evolved to capture the need to combat human-made climate change. The distinction between these two strands of environmentalism is the cause of a split within the scientific community about nuclear energy. On one side are purists who believe nuclear power isn’t worth the risk and the exclusive solution to the climate crisis is renewable energy. The opposing side agrees that renewable energy is crucial, but says society needs an amount of power available to meet consumers’ basic demands when the sun isn’t shining and the wind isn’t blowing. Nuclear energy, being far cleaner than oil, gas and coal, is a natural option, especially where hydroelectric capacity is limited. Leon Clarke, who helped author reports for the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, isn’t an uncritical supporter of nuclear energy, but says it’s a valuable option to have if we’re serious about reaching carbon neutrality. “Core to all of this is the degree to which you think we can actually meet climate goals with 100% renewable energy,” he said. “If you don’t believe we can do it, and you care about the climate, you are forced to think about something like nuclear.” The prospect of universal 100% renewability is similarly contentious. Cities such as Burlington, Vermont, have been “100% renewable” for years. But these cities often have small populations, occasionally still rely on fossil fuel energy and have significant renewable resources at their immediate disposal. Meanwhile, countries that manage to run off renewable energy typically do so thanks to extraordinary hydroelectric capabilities. Germany stands as the best case study for a large, industrialized country pushing into green energy. Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011 announced Energiewende, an energy transition that would phase out nuclear and coal while phasing in renewable energy. Wind and solar power generation has increased over 400% since 2010, and renewable energy provided 46% of the country’s electricity in 2019. But progress has stopped in recent years. The instability of renewable energy doesn’t just mean energy is often not produced at night, but also that solar and wind can overwhelm the grid during the day, forcing utilities to pay customers to use their electricity. Lagging grid infrastructure struggles to transport this overabundance of green energy from Germany’s north to its industrial south, meaning many factories still run on coal and gas. The political limit has also been reached in some places, with citizens meeting the construction of new wind turbines with loud protests. The result is that Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions have fallen by around 11.5% since 2010 — slower than the EU average of 13.5%. 1．What is the solution to energy shortage proposed by purists’ opponents? A．Relying on renewable energy firmly and exclusively B．Using fossil fuel and green energy alternatively C．Choosing nuclear energy when necessary D．Limiting people’s non-basic consumption 2．What point does the author want to make with cities like Burlington as an example? A．It is controversial whether the goal of the whole world’s exclusive dependence on renewable energy is attainable. B．It is contentious whether cities with large populations have renewable resources at their immediate disposal. C．It is arguable whether cities that manage to run off renewable energy have sustainable hydroelectric capabilities. D．It is debatable whether traditional fossil fuel energy can be done away with entirely throughout the world. 3．What do we learn about Germany regarding renewable energy? A．It has increased its wind and solar power generation four times over the last two decades. B．It represents a good example of a major industrialized country promoting green energy. C．It relies on renewable energy to generate more than half of its electricity. D．It has succeeded in reaching the goal of energy transition set by Merkel. 4．What may be one of the reasons for Germany’s progress having stopped in recent years? A．Its grid infrastructure’s capacity has fallen behind its development of green energy. B．Its overabundance of green energy has forced power plants to suspend operation during daytime. C．Its industrial south is used to running factories on conventional energy supplies. D．Its renewable energy supplies are unstable both at night and during the day. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·福建莆田·期末）Beneath the waves of the Coral Sea, a team of scientists and students is working on a unique project: growing coral reefs to restore damaged ecosystems. Coral reefs are home to 25% of marine species, but many are dying due to climate change and pollution.​ The project starts in a lab, where scientists grow coral fragments in tanks. Students help monitor water temperature and pH levels, ensuring the conditions are perfect. Once the corals are strong enough, they’re transported to the ocean and attached to metal frames on the seabed.​ “It’s painstaking work,” says marine biologist Dr. Rivera. “Each coral takes months to grow, and we have to protect them from predators like crown-of-thorns starfish.” But the effort is worth it. Last year, a section of reef they planted showed 30% growth, and fish have started returning to the area.​ Students involved in the project gain hands-on experience in marine biology. “I never thought I’d be scuba diving to plant coral,” says 17-year-old Maya. “It’s one thing to learn about ecosystems in class, but another to actually help restore them.”​ Dr. Rivera is optimistic about the future. “We’re not just restoring coral reefs; we’re restoring hope,” she says. “Every new coral fragment we plant is a step towards a healthier ocean, and that’s something worth fighting for.” With continued dedication, collaboration, and innovation, the team is proving that it’s possible to reverse the damage done to these vital ecosystems, one coral at a time.​ 1．Why are coral reefs important?​ A．They are a source of food for humans.​ B．They are home to 25% of marine species.​ C．They protect coastlines from storms.​ D．They are used to make medicine.​ 2．Where do scientists grow coral fragments first?​ A．On metal frames in the ocean.​ B．In tanks in a lab.​ C．In shallow pools near the beach.​ D．In special greenhouses on land.​ 3．What do students help with in the lab?​ A．Designing metal frames for coral.​ B．Scuba diving to plant coral.​ C．Monitoring water temperature and pH levels.​ D．Protecting coral from predators.​ 4．What can we learn from Maya’s words? A．She dislikes learning about ecosystems in class B．She never wants to scuba dive again C．Practical experience is different from classroom learning D．She thinks restoring ecosystems is impossible Passage 5 （24-25高二下·四川广安·期末）Green Roofs: Breathing Life into Concrete Jungles Imagine concrete jungles turning into living landscapes. Across global cities, rooftops are being transformed into gardens, creating what we call green roofs. 1 Originally popularized in Germany in the 1960s, this innovative approach is now a worldwide nature-based solution to urban environmental crises, demonstrating how cities can harmonize with ecosystems. Natural Cooling Systems The most immediate benefit lies in cooling overheated cities. 2 The soil and plants act as natural blockers, reducing surface temperatures by up to 40°C in summer. This significantly decreases the ‌“urban heat island” effect where cities become markedly warmer than surrounding rural areas. Consequently, buildings require less air conditioning. Such temperature regulation also improves air quality by reducing ozone formation. Stormwater Managers Another critical function involves managing stormwater. During heavy rainfalls, traditional roofs cause rapid runoff, often resulting in drainage systems overflowing. Green roofs work like sponges, absorbing about 70% of rainfall. And through their layered structure of soil, drainage mats, and plants, green roofs also filter heavy metals and pollutants from rainwater. 3 Biodiversity Sanctuaries (保护区) These raised gardens also create vital habitats for birds, insects, and pollinators (传粉者) in areas where natural spaces are rare. Even simple green roofs with native plants support dozens of insect species. 4 . Urban ecologists confirm that such mini-ecosystems strengthen city recovery ability by maintaining pollination networks and natural pest control. In cities like London and Chicago, rare bird species have been observed nesting on high-rise green roofs. 5 From lowering energy bills to creating wildlife corridors and reducing flood risks, green roofs demonstrate how mixing architecture with ecology can build healthier, more sustainable cities for our future. As climate change worsens, these sky-high gardens symbolize humanity’s potential to coexist creatively with nature. A．These habitats play a key role in urban ecology B．Thus, they prevent water pollution effectively C．Green roofs offer multiple environmental benefits D．Research claims that they remove heat islands entirely E．This is achieved by adding plants and soil on rooftops F．Such designs also lower construction costs significantly G．This concept represents a shift from fighting nature to working with it Passage 6 （2025高三·全国·专题练习） In traditional Chinese culture, there is a saying —“All things have a beginning, but few can reach the end.” It comes from The Book of Songs, China's first anthology of poems which dates back more than 2,000 years. The expression was initially a criticism of King Zhouli from the Western Zhou Dynasty, a notorious tyrant in Chinese history. He was criticized for constantly changing his orders. 1 Making a good start is not difficult, but it is the perseverance to the very end that is hard. 2 It was often carved on plates or bottles by ancient Chinese people, to remind them to finish what they start. From a wasteland to a sea of forests, the miraculous transformation of Saihanba, the world's largest artificial plantation in north China's Hebei Province, has demonstrated such traditional Chinese philosophy advocating perseverance. 3 Since its establishment, generations of workers have weathered tough conditions there, creating and safeguarding the spectacular different shades of green on the former wasteland. In the first two years after the farm's establishment, more than 2,000 mu of trees were planted. However, only less than 8 percent survived each year. 4 To ensure the survival of the trees, the foresters started to explore scientific and technological breakthroughs and have developed their own technologies on cultivating seedlings and taking care of them. 5 Thanks to consistent efforts over the past decades, the forest farm has been expanded to 1.15 million mu, becoming an important ecological shield for Beijing and adjacent regions. In 2017, the Saihanba afforestation community won the United Nations Champions of the Earth Award for its outstanding contribution to transforming degraded land into a lush green paradise. A．The saying later became a motto. B．The forest farm was founded in 1962. C．That’s due to the severe climate. D．Thus, this brought misery to the people. E．He was attacked for his changeable behaviors. F．Generations of foresters devoted themselves to it. G．The remaining gradually grow into strong ones eventually. Passage 7 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）When I was 24, I moved to America, 11,000 kilometers away from my homeland. This was 1 , especially fitting into an unfamiliar environment. Working from home increased my 2 , as I was cut off from social activities. However, serving as a volunteer at a local animal shelter (收容所) 3 everything. Upon arriving at the shelter, I was 4 to a small, grey and white cat named Luna immediately. Found abandoned and afraid of humans, Luna 5 in the corner, shaking. Her lonely green eyes seemed to 6 my own sense of displacement in this foreign land. My task was to slowly gain Luna’s 7 and help her adjust, which felt 8 to my efforts to adapt to this new place. 9 days turned into weeks, Luna and I developed a bond. The process of feeding her, speaking softly, and the 10 required to look after her made this little creature gradually open her heart to me. Her 11 encouraged me to step outside, make new friends, and become part of the community. My time at the shelter provided a valuable insight into 12 in a new country. It is an inspiring experience of 13 gaps of language and culture and a journey of personal growth. From it, I realized the value of time, love, and a(n) 14 heart in forming meaningful relationships. This journey aided me in finding a sense of 15 in an unfamiliar land. 1．A．shocking B．significant C．tough D．ignorant 2．A．loneliness B．fortune C．intelligence D．boredom 3．A．promoted B．changed C．challenged D．destroyed 4．A．pushed B．donated C．attracted D．devoted 5．A．disappeared B．relaxed C．located D．hid 6．A．observe B．reflect C．declare D．control 7．A．credit B．trust C．reaction D．favor 8．A．beneficial B．precious C．harmful D．similar 9．A．Until B．While C．As D．Since 10．A．patience B．independence C．intelligence D．guidance 11．A．devotion B．curiosity C．defence D．acceptance 12．A．settling down B．setting up C．speeding up D．passing down 13．A．widening B．bridging C．removing D．creating 14．A．sensitive B．simple C．open D．warm 15．A．belonging B．achievement C．responsibility D．freedom Passage 8 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末）I’ve always had a passion for animals but my parents worked long hours, so I was just 1 a parrot at home. He was kept in a cage and couldn’t fly 2 , and often fell behind the oven when we let him out. I think I’ve been destined to 3 the strays (流浪宠物). I went with a friend to a farm to buy her dog and there was a tiny poor sheepdog. I bought her on the 4 . I got my first kitten from a charity, to offer the dog 5 while I was working. They loved each other. My dog was 16 when she died, and she ended up being a security 6 to eight skinny adopted cats through the years. One day in 2023, my son rang to tell me there was a white rabbit on the road. We 7 it with the aid of sweeping brushes and buckets. I advertised him, but no one 8 him. Alan, another adopted dog, liked our rescue Siamese cat Po, and they were 9 . Not long after, my friend Jane sent me a(n) 10 to rehome an ancient Siamese cat who hadn’t much sight. “You know what you want,” she said. We couldn’t 11 a huge and fluffy one. He got around clicking like sonar (声呐) and always 12 his way to our laps. We said it would be enough to keep these animals. Then a friend asked me to 13 details of a chow mutt found wandering as a stray. We went to see her — just to look. My heart was 14 . But I couldn’t stop thinking about her. Someone was lined up to see her and I rang the shelter in 15 . Yes, she’s now part of the family. 1．A．boasted B．arranged C．allowed D．shown 2．A．silently B．properly C．directly D．deliberately 3．A．take in B．take on C．quest for D．adapt to 4．A．horizon B．whole C．spot D．way 5．A．company B．safety C．compassion D．freedom 6．A．vest B．blanket C．helmet D．towel 7．A．played B．cleaned C．kidnapped D．caught 8．A．defended B．purchased C．hired D．claimed 9．A．uneasy. B．intolerable C．inseparable D．unaware 10．A．warning B．protest C．enquiry D．appeal 11．A．bury B．resist C．liberate D．control 12．A．felt B．made C．inched D．squeezed 13．A．spread B．shorten C．polish D．explain 14．A．worn-out B．wide-open C．highly-sensitive D．sealed-off 15．A．innocence B．surprise C．panic D．doubt Passage 9 （24-25高一下·湖南永州·期末） When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to mind. 1 , recent research by environmental scientists shows that in fact humans are the most fearsome hunters, 2 have the greatest impact on animal populations. Human activities have brought many animals close to 3 (extinct); in the last 500 years, over 300 species of animals 4 (go) extinct. Some activities, such as hunting and fishing, directly harm animals, while other activities, such as development in towns and cities, impact indirectly on animal populations. Hunting and fishing have directly influenced the world’s animal populations. Some people hunt animals 5 food: whale meat is eaten in some parts of the world. Some people hunt animals for fashion: animal skin is used 6 (make) coats and bags. Still others hunt animals just for fun: deer 7 (track) and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport. Human activities may have indirect effects on animals that can be just as harmful. When 8 (build) farms or factories, we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere to live, or no food to eat. Partly due to pollution 9 (cause) by ship traffic and other human activities, the dolphin population has dropped 10 (great). As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. Passage 10 （24-25高一下·河南许昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traveling broadens the mind. We can learn about new places and people and, in doing so, we learn more about 1 (we). And yet, it’s important that we do not allow animals, nature 2 the planet as a whole to pay the price for our experiences. That’s why we support ecotourism (生态旅游). The idea has been winning popularity since 3 early 1980s. Ecotourism is about traveling in a sustainable (可持续的), kind and thoughtful way. It means 4 (think) about everything about the place we’re visiting: the animals, the environment, and the local people. Sustainable ecotourism tries to reduce the impact of 5 (visitor) on the local environment. For example, one of the key aims of ecotourism 6 (be) to ensure that natural attractions and wildlife remain undamaged for future generations to experience. Slogans (口号) such as “take nothing but memories, leave nothing but footprints” are an easy 7 (introduce) to ecotourism for holidaymakers interested in sustainability. They are only a starting point, however. To realize ecotourism, we need to consider all the effects of our travels, not just the most 8 (notice) ones. Today, many people realize 9 important ecotourism is. More and more people are choosing ecotourism as a way 10 (achieve) sustainability and healthy development. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$