UNIT 5 Section 6 “Understanding”的课文习读环节(Word教参)-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版）

Section 6　 “Understanding” 的课文习读环节 课时目标 1.细读文章，找出相关的细节信息并梳理事物介绍性文体的特点。 2.基于文章内容联系生活，对获取知识、认识世界的方法进行评价，学会描述历史上一些伟大人物认识世界的经历。 泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)理清文脉结构 (二)把握主旨大意 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．Introduction to some great educators in the world. B．Analysis of the causes of knowledge and understanding. C．Introduction to how humans acquire knowledge and understanding. D．Analysis of the method of how to solve the world's problems. 答案：C 2．Match the main idea with the proper paragraph. Para.1　　A．Why people didn't approve of this type of thinking. Para.2　　B．We should thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. Para.3　　C．A type of analysis. Para.4　　D．Our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. Para.5　　E．Some great men in history using this type of thinking were not supported, but punished. 答案：Paras.1～5　CEADB 精读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)阅读理解 1．What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding? A．Raise questions→observe and study→consider and test→find the right answers. B．Acquire the knowledge→understanding→find the right answers→consider and test. C．Observe→study→consider→find the right answers. D．Raise questions→find the right answers→observe→test. 2．What's the main idea of the famous saying “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.”？ A．All truths are easy to discover. B．It's most important to discover truths. C．It's more important to understand truths than to discover them. D．If we want to discover truths, we should first understand them. 3．What does the last sentence in paragraph 5 mean? A．Knowledge and understanding can change human history. B．Civilisation is built on the knowledge and understanding. C．Knowledge and understanding are more important than money. D．Some great people's encouragement determines human future. 4．How does the author develop paragraphs 2～3 of the text? A．By quotation.　　　　 B．By comparison. C．By listing numbers. D．By giving examples. 5．What does “This” in the sentence “This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days.” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The search for knowledge. B．The high rank. C．Francis Bacon's idea. D．The government. [Tip] 通过代词所指代的内容猜测词义 文章中使用代词有助于文章意义的延伸。代词所指代的内容一般出现在代词的前面，有时是前面的一句或几句，有时是前面的一段甚至几段的内容。找到指代的内容后，把它放在代词的位置上，看看这句话是否合理，与前后的语境是否相符，然后确定正确答案。本题可以找到这句话的前一句：尽管培根位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的是那些值得探索的知识。由此可判断，下句中的This指的就是探索知识。 答案：1～5　ABCDA (二)阅读表达 1．What position did Bacon hold during his days and what was his true interest? Bacon_held_an_important_rank_in_King_James'_royal_court_of_England.His_true_interest_was_the_worthy_search_for_knowledge. 2．At first people approved of Galilei's studies，but later they got angry.Why? They_didn't_want_to_challenge_what_they_had_always_thought_as_true. 3．Why did people choose to believe views that were about 2,000 years old? Because_they_were_unwilling_to_challenge_what_they_had_always_comfortably_believed. 4．Were great men in history always correct？Give examples.(The answers may vary.) No.Galilei_made_mistakes.He_believed_that_the_Earth_moved_round_the_sun_in_a_perfect_circle.But_he_was_wrong. |阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　把握议论文的核心观点 本文属于议论文中的立论文。此类文章的结构一般比较固定，读文时应准确抓住作者在开头提出的核心观点，这是理解全文的关键。如第一段作者提出观点——人类获得真知的三个步骤。在主体段落中作者主要将培根和伽利略探索真知所遭遇到的巨大阻力作为并列案例，论述人类学习知识、获得理解所面临的重重阻力。在文章结尾作者高度赞扬了人类历史长河中像培根、伽利略这样在探究真知、认识世界领域坚持真理的伟人，与文章开头遥相呼应。 (一)赏用词之妙　 1．The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn't want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. 赏析：句中的comfortably一词形象地描述了当时人们固守陈旧思想的状态。形容词或副词置于句中，有时用来描述主语的状态。 2．It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE)． 赏析：primitive比old高级，更能说明观点的陈旧，同时也使用词多样化。英语表达有时为了避免用词的重复，使表达更多样化，常使用同义词或近义词。 [提能训练]　(写出下列句中黑体词的含义) ①She sat comfortably in the armchair. 舒适地 ②He comfortably completed the task ahead of time. 轻松地 ③They can comfortably afford a new house. 宽裕地 ④Their living conditions are still very primitive. 简陋的 (二)赏句式之高　 1．Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems with this type of analysis — luckily for us. 赏析：此句为主从复合句。主句为“modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems ...”，Although引导让步状语从句，“typing a few ...engine”和“waiting for ...answer”为动名词短语作介词to的宾语。该句表达了尽管有更方便的途径，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题，这值得庆幸。 2．At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. 赏析：此句为并列复合句。在第二个分句中，who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Galileo Galilei；that引导同位语从句，作idea的同位语，解释说明idea的内容；with no one coming to their defence为“with＋宾语＋doing(宾补)”结构作状语。该句介绍了伽利略当时面临的困难。 [提能训练]　(完成句子) ①Although_AI_has_many_advantages,_it can't take the place of human beings. 尽管人工智能有很多优势，但是它不能取代人类。 ②The girl who_is_wearing_a_red_dress is Mary, and the news that_she_won_the_first_prize_ in_the_competition has spread throughout the school. 穿红裙子的女孩是玛丽，她在比赛中获得第一名的消息传遍了整个学校。 (三)赏衔接之顺　 To start with, we need questions.Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. 赏析：议论文常使用各类衔接词语，以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性，指引读者理解自己的推理和论证过程。本段文字中作者用了To start with、 Then、 After that等衔接词点明了人类获取知识、认识世界的步骤。英语中表示先后顺序的常见表达还有：firstly, secondly, thirdly ...; on the one hand, on the other hand; for one thing, for another等。 [提能训练]　(使用适当的衔接词补全语段) ①On_the_one_hand (一方面), it can enrich people's life and relieve people of pressure to some degree.②On_the_other_hand (另一方面), it may make people addicted to it so deeply that they can waste too much time and it can make their life circle smaller, affecting their real life and devotion to work. 课文缩写七选五 根据课文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.To start with, we need questions.__1__.After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.Though we are more used to turning on the computer and searching the Internet for knowledge today, __2__. However, when Francis Bacon suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, __3__.And people like Galileo Galilei，who proved that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”， were likely to be punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.It is not surprising that people tended to believe primitive ideas because they had been put forward by great philosophers.__4__.As time goes on, our understanding of the world is constantly changing and growing. We owe our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei.They were brave enough to step out of the conventional thought to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilisation is built upon.Knowledge and understanding are the things to fight for.__5__. A．but Galilei disagreed B．he was going against the views of the day C．However, even these famous people sometimes made mistakes as well D．Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts E．They are more vital and more beneficial to mankind than all the money in the world F．All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered and the point is to discover them G．modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world's problems with this type of analysis 答案：1～5　DGBCE [课时检测]　　　　　　　　　(标语篇配有教师讲评课件) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Summer Reading Here are some good books to read in the coming summer vacation! Houdini and Me Harry Mancini is an 11－year－old boy in New York City.He has read every book he can find about the great magician Harry Houdini.He has the same first name as Houdini and lives in a house where the magician once lived.One day, something happened ... Anyone would love Houdini and Me, by Dan Gutman. Paradise on Fire In Paradise on Fire, by Jewell Parker Rhodes, Addy is a 15－year－old girl who lives with her grandmother in the Bronx, in New York City.When she was young, Addy escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents.Now she draws maps of the places she visits.When a fire breaks out at the wilderness camp she attends, Addy knows what to do.Will Addy be able to lead other campers to safety? Chunky Chunky, by Yehudi Mercado, is a colorful memoir (传记)．When the author was a kid, his parents and doctor encouraged him to be more active.Yehudi tries various sports.But they all take Yehudi away from the thing that he truly loves: comedy.His imaginary friend, Chunky, appears throughout the story to help Yehudi achieve his dreams.Chunky is a great book for kids trying to find where they might fit in. Black Boy Joy The short stories in Black Boy Joy, edited by Kwame Mbalia, celebrate the pleasures of Black childhood.There are also stories about triumphs (胜利) and competitions.Most are short, with simple plots.You don't have to read a giant book all in one go.You can take it a little at a time. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本值得阅读的好书。 1．Whose book is about a girl who experienced a terrible fire? A．Dan Gutman's. B．Kwame Mbalia's. C．Jewell Parker Rhodes'. D．Yehudi Mercado's. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Paradise on Fire部分中“When she was young, Addy escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents.”可知，Jewell Parker Rhodes的书是关于一个女孩经历了一场可怕的火灾。 2．What can we know about Yehudi from the text? A．He used to be very active. B．He is fond of various sports. C．He has a real friend to help him achieve his dreams. D．He follows his true love of comedy. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Chunky中“that he truly loves: comedy.His imaginary friend, Chunky, appears throughout the story to help Yehudi achieve his dreams.”可知，Yehudi追随自己对喜剧的真正热爱。 3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend some good books. B．To share some methods of reading books. C．To persuade people to buy some good books. D．To emphasize the importance of reading. 解析：选A　写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Here are some good books to read ”并结合文章主要介绍了四本值得阅读的好书可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是向读者介绍一些好书。 B() Five－year－old Willard Wigan couldn't tell the difference between an M and a W or a 6 and a 9 because of dyslexia, a learning disability.Usually, his mind drifted — to playing outside, to his dog, or to the ants.Willard was especially curious about those ants.He felt like them, small and insignificant.He noticed the ants were coming and going from a hole in the dirt.Gathering pieces of wood, Willard constructed a little building for ants. At school, Willard had problems, but he knew he could do something special.Willard created tiny furniture for the ant houses.His artistic skill increased, and a love for little things began to grow.At age nine, Willard began carving (雕刻) faces on toothpicks.When he showed his mother the carved faces, she said, “This is what you do well.You must work hard to be the best.” Years later, Willard carves the tiniest artwork in the world! His sculptures are so small that several can fit on a full stop at the end of a sentence. Willard works best at night when there are few disturbances.He often works for months to complete a sculpture.Willard's favorite paintbrush is one hair from the back of a dead fly! To move his sculptures, Willard uses an eyelash.But even that can be tough.Once, while moving a microscopic Alice in Wonderland, his cell phone rang.Terrified, Willard took in a quick breath.When he looked back, Alice was gone.After laboring for weeks to carve her, he'd accidentally breathed her in! Willard sculpts everything from famous people to fictional characters.Because of their beauty and rarity, his sculptures have made Willard a wealthy man.But he says, “Success isn't about material things like an expensive watch or a costly ring; it's about persevering and achieving your dreams.” Willard Wigan who felt small as a boy has shown something small can really be big. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Willard Wigan自幼患有阅读障碍症，他爱上了创造微小的事物，比如给蚂蚁建一座房子，在妈妈的鼓励下，他最终成为一名微雕艺术家。 4．What can we know about Willard from paragraph 1? A．He was interested in math. B．He thought himself unimportant. C．He had a physical problem. D．He was crazy about building. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的“He felt like them, small and insignificant.”可知，Willard认为自己无足轻重。 5．What is Willard especially good at? A．Playing word puzzles. B．Making small art works. C．Observing animals. D．Making furniture. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Willard created tiny furniture for the ant houses.His artistic skill increased, and a love for little things began to grow.”可知，Willard特别擅长创造微小的艺术品。 6．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．Willard is nervous when working at night. B．Willard uses traditional tools in sculpting. C．Carving takes time and hard work. D．Alice in Wonderland is a huge success. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Willard works best at night ...He often works for months to complete a sculpture.”可知，从第三段我们可以推断出雕刻要花很多时间和精力。 7．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．A Boy with a Disability B．House－building for Ants C．The True Meaning of Success D．The Big Little Artwork 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据第一段以及最后一段可知，本文主要讲述了Willard Wigan自幼患有阅读障碍症，他爱上了创造微小的事物，比如给蚂蚁建一座房子，在妈妈的鼓励下，他最终成为一名微雕艺术家。因此D项“大受欢迎的小艺术品”适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Wisdom is not just a good quality to have but it is also very necessary.It is wonderful to increase experience, knowledge, and good judgment. __8__ Try Experiencing New Opportunities. Variety is the spice (趣味) of life but experiencing new opportunities is also how you gain wisdom. __9__ This is the only way you will gain wisdom and become better.You can try learning new skills that you never thought of learning or going to places that were on your bucket list.Change your routine and see where life takes you, take control! __10__ Sometimes we have biases (偏见) and they help us out but we need to set them aside most of the time.We need to be open to different views, this will open up new pathways for us.Always develop a sense of curiosity, and observe the world from different angles, which will always help you out.Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you.Train your mind to be a judgment－free space for ideas. __11__ Call Upon The Wisdom Of Others. You obviously want to grow and do better in life, right? The best way to do that is to have wise people as your advisers. __12__ Before making them an adviser, find out what makes them wiser than you, then engage in useful dialogue with them.The more time you spend with them, the more transfer (迁移) of knowledge there will be.Exposed to their knowledge as much as you can, you won't regret it! A．Never Back Away From Learning. B．Open Yourself To Diverse Perspectives. C．Let's discuss how you can gain wisdom in life! D．You'll meet new people and friends and learn from them. E．If you are modest, then you will always get to experience something new. F．You'll never grow from being in your comfort zone you need to get out of. G．They can be teachers, family members, colleagues, and even special friends. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。智慧不仅是一种好的品质，而且也是非常必要的。文章介绍了获得智慧的一些建议和方法。 8．选C　上文引出话题，提到智慧的概念以及它的好处。下文具体举例介绍获取智慧的方法。由此可推知，C项(让我们来讨论一下如何在生活中获得智慧！)承上启下，符合语境。 9．选F　上文说明变化的重要性以及要学会体验新的机会，下文强调获得途径的唯一性。F项(你永远不会从你需要走出的舒适区中成长)是上文内容的语意递进，同时引起下文，上下文语意连贯。 10．选B　空处为段落小标题，总结该段内容。该段下文讲述了我们需要接受不同的观点，这将为我们开辟新的道路。故B项(接受不同的观点)适合作本段小标题。 11．选E　上文讲的是要客观评价你的观点，不要带偏见色彩。E项(如果你是谦虚的，那么你总能体验到新的东西)为上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。 12．选G　上文提到让有智慧的人做你的顾问。G项(他们可以是老师、家庭成员、同事，甚至是特别的朋友)与上文内容紧密连接，同时引起下文。下文中的“them”指的就是G项中提到的“老师、家庭成员、同事”。 133 / 134 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$