专题17 初升高衔接阅读理解（讲义+课件+练习）- 2025年英语初升高衔接课程（暑期自学通用版）

专题17 初升高衔接阅读理解 一、阅读理解题型概述 高中英语阅读理解主要考查学生对不同体裁和题材的书面材料的理解能力，以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力 。阅读理解在高考英语试卷中所占分值比重较大，通常包含4 - 5篇短文，题型多样，主要有以下几类： 1. 主旨大意题：考查学生对文章整体内容的理解和概括能力，要求学生能够找出文章的中心思想、最佳标题或段落大意等。常见的提问方式有：“What is the main idea of the passage?”“What is the best title for the text?” 等。 2. 细节理解题：主要考查学生对文章中具体信息的理解和把握，如人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、结果等。问题可能直接询问事实细节，也可能要求判断信息的正误 。常见的提问方式有：“According to the passage, who/what/which/when/where/why/how...?”“All the following are mentioned except...” 等。 3. 推理判断题：这类题要求学生根据文章所提供的信息进行推理判断，包括对作者观点、态度、意图的推断，对文章后续内容的预测，以及对隐含意义的理解等。常见的提问方式有：“It can be inferred/concluded from the text that...”“The author implies/suggests that...” 等。 4. 词义猜测题：旨在考查学生根据上下文语境猜测生词或短语含义的能力。常见的提问方式有：“The word/phrase “...” in the passage probably means...”“What does the underlined word “...” refer to?” 等。 二、阅读理解解题技巧 （一）主旨大意题解题技巧 1. 关注文章结构：阅读理解文章多为议论文和说明文，其结构常为“提出问题 - 论述问题 - 得出结论或阐明观点”。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾 。对于以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在开头，先点明主题，再围绕主题进行陈述；有些文章会在开头列举事实，然后在结尾通过论证阐述核心论点。 2. 寻找主题句 ◦ 位于段首：如果段落的第二、三句开始对第一句进行说明、论述或描述，且有 “for example, first, second” 等引出细节的信号词，那么第一句很可能是主题句。 ◦ 位于段尾：当一种观点不易解释清楚或被人接受时，主题句可能会出现在段落末尾。可以利用 “so, therefore, in conclusion” 等引出结论的信号词来确定。 ◦ 位于段中：有时段落先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面内容，然后再深入讨论。这种情况下，主题句会在段落中间出现 。 ◦ 首尾呼应：主题句在段落开头和结尾先后出现，对主题思想起到强调作用，且前后用词不尽相同。 ◦ 无明确主题句：此时需要找出现频率较高的关键词，进行归纳总结。 3. 注意事项：解答此类题时，要避免选择表述过于片面（只涵盖个别细节）、过于笼统（超出段落内容）或与段落内容无关（找不到相关依据）的选项。 （二）细节理解题解题技巧 1. 事实细节题 - 寻读法：分为直接理解题和间接理解题。直接理解题可直接从文章中找到答案，间接理解题需要对原文信息进行转换。解题时，先找出题干中的关键词，然后在文章中定位相关信息。注意选项与原文的表述差异，有些选项可能是对原文的同义替换 。 2. 排列顺序题 - 首尾定位法：常用于记叙文和说明文中，按事件发生的顺序出题。先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，然后用排除法缩小范围，确定正确顺序。 3. 图文匹配题 - 按图索骥理清线索：根据图表所提供的信息，在文章中找到与之对应的内容，理清线索，从而确定答案。 4. 数字计算题：先审题，明确计算要求，然后带着问题在文章中寻找相关细节，进行对比、分析和计算 。注意一些数字的表达方式和单位换算。 （三）推理判断题解题技巧 1. 细节推理判断题：依据短文提供的信息或生活常识进行推理判断。注意选项不能与原文矛盾，要符合逻辑 。例如，题干中出现 “It can be inferred from the passage that...”，就要在文章中找到相关细节，然后进行合理推断。 2. 预测推理判断题：根据语篇内容对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测。要结合文章的主旨、上下文的逻辑关系以及作者的写作风格来判断 。比如，文章前面一直在讲述一个实验的过程，那么接下来可能会讲述实验的结果。 3. 观点态度推理题：通过文章的用词、语气、作者的论述方式等来判断作者对某事物的观点和态度。常见的观点态度词有 “positive（积极的）, negative（消极的）, neutral（中立的）, objective（客观的）” 等 。如果作者在文中使用了很多褒义词来描述某事物，那么其态度很可能是积极的。 （四）词义猜测题解题技巧 1. 根据定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义：如果句子中出现 “to be called, to mean, refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely” 等词语，或者有冒号、破折号、括号等标点符号，后面的内容往往是对前面生词的定义、解释或同位说明。例如：“Anthropology is the scientific study of man.” 从 “is” 后面的内容可知 “anthropology” 是 “人类学” 的意思。 2. 根据对比猜测词义：利用 “but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with” 等表示对比的词或分号，来猜测生词的含义。比如：“He is very stingy, unlike his brother who is quite generous.” 通过 “unlike” 可知 “stingy” 与 “generous（慷慨的）” 意思相反，即 “吝啬的”。 3. 根据同类关系猜测词义：“or, like, similar” 等词可引出同义词，帮助推测生词词义。例如：“The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.” 由 “or” 可知 “supersedes” 与 “replaces” 意思相近，是 “取代” 的意思。 4. 根据因果关系猜测词义：通过 “because, so that, so / such...that” 等词汇及结构体现的因果关系，对原因或结果进行逻辑推理，猜出其中生词的词义 。如：“The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.” 因为河水 “turbid” 所以看不到底部，可推测 “turbid” 是 “浑浊的” 意思。 5. 根据举例猜测词义：“for example, for instance, such as, like” 等词语引出的例子可以帮助理解生词。例如：“Some artists, such as Picasso, are very famous.” 从 “such as” 后的 “Picasso” 可知 “artists” 是 “艺术家” 的意思。 6. 根据构词法猜测词义：了解英语单词的派生、合成等构词法，记住一些常见的词根、前缀、后缀，有助于猜测生词词义。比如，“unhappy” 中 “un -” 是表示否定的前缀，所以 “unhappy” 是 “不开心的” 意思；“blackboard” 是由 “black” 和 “board” 合成的词，意思是 “黑板”。 7. 根据常识猜测词义：结合自身生活经验和常识，根据上下文语境来猜测生词含义 。例如：“The snake slithered through the grass.” 结合常识可知蛇是蜿蜒爬行的，所以 “slithered” 可能是 “蜿蜒爬行” 的意思。 三、阅读理解提速方法 1. 扩大视幅：训练一次注视多个单词，减少眼睛回视和停顿的次数，从而提高阅读速度。例如，不要一个单词一个单词地读，而是把几个单词看成一个意群，如 “in the morning”“at the same time” 等，整体理解。 2. 意群阅读：将句子划分为有意义的意群，按意群阅读。比如：“I / like / reading books / in my free time.” 这样可以提高阅读效率，更快地理解句子意思。 3. 略读：快速浏览文章，抓住文章的大意、结构和关键信息，忽略细节内容 。先看文章的标题、副标题、首尾段、每段的首尾句以及图表等，对文章有一个整体的了解。 4. 寻读：根据问题中的关键词，有针对性地在文章中寻找特定信息，忽略无关内容。例如，问题是关于某个人物的出生日期，就直接在文章中寻找与该人物和日期相关的内容 。 5. 结合使用略读和寻读：先略读了解文章大意，再根据题目要求寻读定位答案所在位置，这样可以提高阅读效率和准确性 。同时，要注意关键词的同义替换和一些陷阱选项，避免理解偏差。 四、阅读理解备考建议 1. 增加阅读量：广泛阅读不同体裁（记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文等）和题材（文化、科技、历史、社会、环保等）的英语文章，如英语报纸、杂志、小说等，培养语感，提高阅读速度和理解能力 。 2. 积累词汇：词汇量是阅读理解的基础。通过背诵单词书、阅读文章、使用词汇记忆软件等方式，扩大词汇量。同时，要注意学习单词的用法、搭配和一词多义等 。 3. 分析长难句：学会分析句子结构，掌握常见的句型和语法知识，如复合句、并列句、时态、语态等 。可以通过练习划分句子成分、翻译长难句等方式，提高对长难句的理解能力。 4. 总结错题：做完阅读理解练习后，认真分析错题原因，是因为词汇量不足、理解偏差、解题技巧不当还是粗心大意等。针对不同的原因，采取相应的改进措施 。 5. 限时训练：在平时的练习中，按照考试时间要求进行限时训练，模拟考试环境，提高答题速度和时间分配能力 。例如，规定自己在30 - 40分钟内完成4篇阅读理解。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年 初升高衔接课程 阅读理解 专题十七 英语 目录 主旨大意题 细节理解题 词句猜测题 1 2 3 4 推理判断题 主旨大意题 主旨大意题 最佳标题题 01 段落大意题 02 全文大意题 03 1．Which is the best title for the text? 2．Which of the following can be the best/most suitable title for the text? 3．What can be a suitable title for the text? 4．What is the best title for the text? 1．What does the first/last...paragraph mainly talk about? 2．What does the writer try to express in paragraph...? 3．Which of the following can best summarize paragraph...? 4．What is the main topic discussed in paragraph...? 1．What is the main theme/topic/idea of this text? 2．What is the text mainly about? 3．What is the general/main idea of the text? 4．What does the text mainly focus on? 5．What does the story mainly tell us? 一、最佳标题题（判断文章体裁，依据不同体裁的解题思路选出正确答案） 记叙文（Narration） 说明文（Exposition） 议论文（Argumentation） 新闻报道（News report） 研究报告 社会现象 新事物/新做法 研究结果 研究方法 结论阐述 专家评议 提出现象 产生原因 造成影响 人们看法 期望、措施 引入新事物 产生背景 操作原理 优势劣势 观点、前景 新闻报道 导语提携全文 议论文 总--分--总 （论点－论据－结论） 说明文 主题句 （首－－中－－尾） 记叙文 记叙文六要素 文首 文末 例子/假设后进入主题 没有主题句：找反复出现的词语 5. 无法区分干扰项与正确选项 2. 只见树木不见森林---以偏概全 3. 主观意识主宰一切----“我思故我在” 4. 不关注重点句，关键词，执着于长难句 1. 词汇量 6. 过于笼统 易错原因 1 2 3 段落大意 全文大意 最佳标题 解题策略 依据段落结构，找出段落主题句；无主题句则关注与本段内容相关的关键词，进行归纳（ P15 ） 1.首尾法 2. 定位法 3. 无明显主题句时找高频词 4.同义概括法 5.排除法 （P14） 1.概括性（体现文章主旨） 2. 针对性 （标题不可过大或过小） 3. 醒目性（吸引注意力） 福建省2023届高中毕业班适应性练习卷 Gutiérrez’s life would never be the same again after finding a copy of Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy in the garbage 20 years ago. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighbourhoods at night and seeing abandoned books. It aroused his desire to start rescuing books from the garbage. He used to take home between 50 and 60 books every morning. Eventually, he turned his book collection into a community library for children from low-income families. Colombia’s capital city of Bogota has 19 public libraries. However, these libraries tend to be far away from where rural and poorer communities live. The option of buying new books is non-existent for families struggling to make ends meet. Gutiérrez’s community library is a true representation of how one man’s garbage can be another’s treasure. Gutiérrez grew up poor, and his family could not afford to educate him beyond primary school. Nevertheless, his mother was a passionate reader and read stories to him every night. Her love for books left a deep impression on Gutiérrez. Today his makeshift community library, called “The Strength of Words”, occupies most of his home in southern Bogota, and is piled from floor to ceiling with fiction and non-fiction titles. Everything from school textbooks to storybooks can be found in his collection of more than 20.000 books! As word began to spread about his amazing project, people began sending him thousands more books to grow his library. Despite having done so much for his community, Gutiérrez is not yet content to call it a day. He continues to search through garbage cans for reading materials. Today, the Gutiérrez family does not merely want to start libraries in neighbourhoods. They want to create spaces for school children to spend their time reading. Gutiérrez’s journey to give back to his local community is an amazing example of how every one of us can improve the lives of those around us How might we take a leaf out of Gutiérrez’s books and impact the less fortunate around us? 7. What would be the best title for the text? A. Desire for reading B. From garbage to treasure C. Gutiérrez’s kindness D. An amazing model of education 记叙文解题思路：__________________________________________ 感知主题，回归情节 B (2022年高考浙江卷C篇) The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. " For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems. according to, discover, show, suggest... These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness. "However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent DementiaB. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More ExerciseC. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop DementiaD. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness C 说明文之研究报告类解题思路：_______________________________________________ 抓研究结果，通常在第一段呈现 (2023年广州一模D篇) Some bacteria（细菌）have a superpower that scientists would love to use. These bacteria gain energy from light, just as plants do. Scientists have wanted to use cyanobacteria（蓝藻菌）to make electricity. But in previous research, they didn't survive long on artificial surfaces. Researchers have now moved them to a living surface - a mushroom. Their creation is the first mushroom to make electricity. Applied Physicist Simon Jackson and his team turned that mushroom into a mini energy farm. This bionic（生物电子的）mushroom combines 3D printing，conductive ink and bacteria to generate electricity. Its design could lead to new ways of combining nature with electronics. Like plants，cyanobacteria make their own food from sunlight，releasing electrons（电子）. When enough electrons build up in one place, they can create an electric current. The researchers needed to bring a lot of these bacteria together. They decided to use 3D printing to place them precisely onto a surface. Jackson's team chose mushrooms for that surface. After all, they realized, mushrooms naturally host communities of bacteria and other microbes. Finding test subjects for their tests was easy. Jackson simply went to the grocery store and picked up white button mushrooms. Printing on those mushrooms, though, turned out to be a real challenge.3D printers have been designed to print on flat surfaces, but mushroom caps are curved. The researchers spent months writing computer code to solve the problem. Eventually, they came up with a program to 3D print their ink onto the curved mushroom tops. The researchers printed two “inks” onto their mushrooms. One was a green ink made of cyanobacteria. They used this to make a spiral pattern on the cap. They also, used a black ink made of graphene, which is great at conducting electricity. They printed this ink in a branching pattern across the mushroom top. Then it was time to shine. “Cyanobacteria are the real heroes here,” says Jackson. When his team shone light on the mushrooms, the bacteria gave out electrons. Those electrons flowed into the graphene and created an electric current. 背景 引入新事物 原理 结果、评议 35.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.Who are the real heroes?B.New application of 3D printingC.Nature combined with electronsD.Bionic mushroom makes electricity 说明文之引入新事物/新做法解题思路：_______________________________________ 新事物/新做法+功能/作用 D (2023届广东省二模C篇) Could the next Emest Hemingway or Jane Austen be a well-engineered AI software program? It's a question becoming increasingly pressing as machine language-learning software continues to evolve. Much of this is just nerves. Today’s AI creative writing programs are not yet at a stage of development where they pose a serious threat to Colleen Hoover or Charles Dickens. But while attention continues to focus on the possibility of a blanket takeover of human literature by AI, far less consideration has been given to the prospect of AI co-working with humans. Earlier this month, American sci-fi writer Ken Liu, who had been awarded Hugo and Nebula to his name, joined 12 other professional authors for a writing workshop on Google's Wordcraft. This AI tool,a language generating model, is not yet publicly available but is advertised as an AI-powered writing assistant that can, when given the right instruction from the writer, provide helpful descriptions, create lists of objects or emotional states, and even brainstorm ideas. The writers at the workshop, however, emerged with mixed reports. “Wordcraft is too sensible. Wow!” Robin Sloan wrote. “But ‘sensible’ is another word for predictable, overused and boring. My intention here is to produce something unexpected.” I'm unconvinced that writers awarded the Nobel Prize have much to fear from AI. Their work, and that of countless other novelists, short story writers, dramatists and poets, is too particular, too beautifully unique. Even if a model leaned what they had done in the past, it would not be able to predict where their creativity might take them in the future. But for authors who write following a pattern, Al might step in, first as assistants before some day to authorship. Production-line novels are nothing new. In the 1970s, Barbara Cartland, who wrote more than 723 books in her lifetime, many of which are romance bestsellers, would read her novels for her secretary to type up at the remarkable rate of roughly seven chapters a week. But already machine has replaced the secretary’s role. Perhaps creative writing software isn't that far from replacing the Mrs. Cartlands of today.31. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Will AI Replace Human Writers?B. AI Warns Mrs.Cartlands of TodayC. Is Writing Running into a New Era?D. Worderaft Lies at the Center of Debate 议论文解题思路：_________________________________________________ A 抓文章论点，通常在第一段会呈现出来 (2021高考全国Ⅱ卷C篇) A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.” The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children. Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools.” Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries.”8. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet ArtistsC. Arts Education in Britain D. The World’s Best Arts Teacher 新闻报道解题思路：_______________________________________________________ 抓开头第一段报道的内容 A 二、段落大意题(总分式；分总式；分总分式；无主题句式) (2023福建4月适应性考试D篇) Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don’t taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.... To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoue whose team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因图谱)of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. Spanish start-up Baia Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around £18 for a pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry’s taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your tongue, then try tasting acidic foods such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes.13. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Efforts made to obtain more miraculin.B. Genome published to help do the research.C. Creation advocated to produce miracle berries.D. Transformations performed to engineer tomatoes. 总---分 A (2020高考Ⅰ卷D篇) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.... Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 总---分 D 段落大意题解题思路： 关注段落逻辑，找到主旨句 三、全文大意题（结合主题句，首段、尾段或中间段都有可能是文章的主题） (2023年温州市二模B篇) In 1986,I watched my first soccer match on my parents’ big box television.I was six, and ever since then, I have dreamed of attending the World Cup. This year,I traveled to Brazil to make my dream a reality.The first match I attended was between Australia and Spain.Within minutes of walking into the stadium,I found myself surrounded by the excited fans,talking and cheering together.Unlike what one normally sees on the news, this match was mainly peaceful except for one fight.When the fight started,the whole section began chanting(呼喊) with one voice, asking those fighting to stop.When they didn’t,the rabble-rousers were sent out by security guards minutes later. What struck me about the games I attended was the sense of camaraderie.I met soccer fans from different countries.Sometimes we were cheering for the same team and sometimes for opposite teams, but that didn’t stop us from becoming friends.The stands were not divided between teams, and the interaction was often spirit-lifting. I also watched the game in Sao Paulo that ousted(淘汰) Brazil from the World Cup.I was with friends at a large bar which hosted a mix of Brazilian and German supporters. As Germany scored or goal after another, the sadness and even tears were visible on the faces of Brazilians. But German fans came to the Brazilians to comfort them and apologize that the game was ending with such a big gap. Everyone was hoping for a good match. What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to lean about other countries and cultures. People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents" history and culture, Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people. Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so. 27.What is mainly conveyed in the passage? A. Fans support counts in sports. B. The World Cup is worth attending C. Sports bring the world together. D. Sports are about cultural exchange. C (2020高考全国Ⅱ卷D篇) Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 4. What is the text mainly about? A.A mathematical method. B.A scientific study. C.A woman psychologist D.A teaching program. B 全文大意题解题思路： 关注文章首尾段，确定文章主旨 文章的主题句或者说“文眼”是贯穿全文的灵魂，找到了主题句，就找到了解题的思路。 (1)主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。 (2)找主题句的小窍门 1) 首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨；首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往就是主旨。 2) 作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词； 3) 段落中出现表转折的词语（如however, thus, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句； 推敲选项正误的小窍门： 1) 正确选项不出现细节信息。 2) 正确选项一般不含过分肯定或者绝对意义的词。 3) 正确选项一般有抽象名词或概括性词语。 4) 四个选项中，内容完全相反的两个选项中，往往有一个是正确选项。 5）注意积累一些常见的习语谚语等 5) 干扰项特点： ①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）； ③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。 Summary： 阅读理解主旨大意的提炼 快速找到文章的主题句 巧妙选择 文章的标题 1.开头、中间、结尾含有主题句 2.首段出现疑问句/具体例子 或假设后面的内容往往就是主旨 3.反复重复的观点/词 4.转折的词语（如however, thus, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句 1. 概括性原则 2. 针对性原则 3. 醒目性原则 Put yourself in the writer’s shoes! 单击此处添加标题 推理判断题 推理判断题目 细节推理题 逻辑推理题 推理判断题：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理。它不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义。 因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。每年每套题通常会有 4～6 题。 题型包括：1.细节推理题 2.写作意图题 3.观点态度题 4.文章出处或读者对象题 命题特点及分类： 1.细节推理题： 细节推理题要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份及事件等。考生通常可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。 设问方式. It can be inferred from the text that. It can be concluded from the passage that The writer/author indicates/suggests/impliesthat What can we infer about ... ? 细节推理题题千中常用的六个动词:infer(推断)、indicate(表明)、imply(暗示)、suggest(暗示)、conclude(得出结论)和 assume(假设) 1.细节推理题：解题思路 (202501，浙江)When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food – something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. 24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 1细节题推理：真题回顾 B 选项（She is critical of the way she was fed） 原文证据： “It really messed up my relationship with food – something that took me years to overcome.”（童年饮食教育破坏了她的饮食观念，多年才克服） “Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people.”（因此，她避免让孩子重蹈覆辙） 结论：作者对童年饮食教育持批判态度，符合B选项。 2. 严谨逻辑 :正确选项必须能 完整、合理地 解释原文信息，不能片面或牵强。 B 选项的逻辑链： 童年被反复告诫“不要吃，否则会胖” → 导致饮食观念扭曲 → 多年才克服 → 现在谨慎教育孩子避免类似问题。 充分性：该逻辑完整解释了作者的态度和行为，无漏洞。 24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 无中生有（原文未提及） 过犹不及（过度推断,夸大事实） “healthy choices” ≠“particular” 以偏概全（混淆“体重”和“自我评价”） 原文证据 + 严谨逻辑 = 正确选项） 原文 + 偷换/脑补/反转 = 干扰选项 2.写作意图题： 写作意图题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手段的目的。 通常情况下,作者在文中不会直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文中所举事例使读者感受到其想要传递的想法。 设问方式： 考查整篇文章的写作目的 What is the main purpose of the text? What is the author's purpose in writing the text? What is the purpose/intention of the author in writing this passage? For what purpose did the author write the passage? The writer writes this passage in order to ------ 考查某处细节的写作意图 The fact... is mentioned by the author to show ____. The writer uses the example of…to show that ____. … are mentioned in the first paragraph to ____.  What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? … 2.写作意图：解题思路 To support her argument 2写作意图：真题回顾 2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷-主旨类 In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, … Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 4.What is the purpose of this text? A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon. C．To remember a writer . D．To recommend a travel destination. 4.What is the purpose of this text? A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon. C．To remember a writer . D．To recommend a travel destination. 混淆了书的内容和文章的目的（属于以偏概全）。 错误聚焦于作者而非作品（属于主观臆断）。 文章并未推荐旅游（属于无中生有）。 原文 + 偷换/脑补/反转 = 干扰选项 A选项（原文证据支撑）： 文章用超过80%篇幅描述书籍内容："this book, Chasing the Sea..."（直接点题） 详细介绍书籍结构："talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan" 明确书籍性质："this is neither a travel nor a history book"（定性说明） 提供专业评价："the result is a fine and vivid description"（价值判断） 完整呈现"作者经历→创作背景→书籍内容→作品特色→专业评价"的逻辑链条，完全符合书评类文本的特征。 2. 严谨逻辑 :正确选项必须能 完整、合理地 解释原文信息，不能片面或牵强。 A 选项的逻辑链： [作家经历] → [创作动机] → [书籍内容] → [作品价值] 原文证据 + 严谨逻辑 = 正确选项） 2写作意图：真题回顾 When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. 2020年新高考全国Ⅱ卷-细节处 What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A．To promote guilt-free fur. B．To expand the fashion market. C．To introduce a new brand. D．To celebrate a winter holiday. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A．To promote guilt-free fur. B．To expand the fashion market. C．To introduce a new brand. D．To celebrate a winter holiday. A选项（原文证据支撑）： 明确说明时装秀目的："trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria"（试图复兴海狸鼠皮草市场） 直接引语揭示关键动机："It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur - unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year"（除非你了解海狸鼠每年破坏大量湿地，否则谈论"无罪恶感的皮草"听起来很疯狂） 具体展示形式："showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles"（展示不同风格的海狸鼠皮草服装） 2. 严谨逻辑 :正确选项必须能 完整、合理地 解释原文信息，不能片面或牵强。 A 选项的逻辑链： 构建"环境问题（海狸鼠破坏湿地）→解决方案（利用其皮毛）→推广方式（时装秀） guilt-free fur"直接对应文中引号内关键表述-符合"生态保护→合理利用"的环保理念 -完全涵盖"解决环境问题"的核心动机. 主观臆断（符合常识-无依据的推测）无中生有 过犹不及（过度推断，超出原文范围） 以偏概全（用部分信息概括整体） 3.观点态度题： 观点态度题主要考查作者对文中人或事物的看法或态度。 设问方式： How does the author feel about ... ?. What does the author think of ... ? What is the author's attitude towards/to...? The author‘s attitude towards . can be described as…? 表中立，客观 1.objective客观的 2.neutral中立的 3.factual事实的 4.disinterested无兴趣的 5.impartial公平的；不偏不倚的 6.impersonal无人情味的 7.unprejudiced无偏见的 8.unbiased无偏见的 9.unconcerned不关心的 10.detached独立的 表赞同、支持 1.enthusiastic热心的 2.supportive支持的 3.optimistic乐观的 4.positive积极的 5.favorable有利的；赞成的 6.approving赞成的 7.appreciative欣赏的 8.admiring钦佩的 9.impressive印象深刻的 3.观点态度词汇 表怀疑、否定 1.suspicious可疑的 2.doubtful怀疑的 3.skeptical/sceptical怀疑的 4.questioning质疑的 5.opposed反对的 6.contradictory自相矛盾的 7.negative消极的 8.disapproving不赞成的 9.critical批评的 10.disgusted反感的 11.ironic反话的；讽刺的 12.hostile敌对的 13.contemptuous蔑视的 14.dismissive轻蔑的 15.pessimistic悲观的 16.gloomy阴暗的；令人沮丧的 17.apprehensive忧虑的 其他 1.mixed混合的 2.tolerant容忍的 3.indifferent漠不关心的 4.concerned担心的 5.sensitive敏感的 6.reserved矜持的 7.conservative保守的；守旧的 8.radical激进的 9.moderate中等的；适度的 10.mild温和的；温顺的 11.subjective主观的 12.inconclusive无定论的 38 3.观点态度：解题思路 明确是谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点，切忌主观臆断 3.观点态度：真题回顾 Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷-D篇 What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 主观臆断（无依据的推测） 颠倒是非（与原文相反） 以偏概全（用部分信息概括整体） A选项（原文证据支撑）： 明确态度表述："the overall effects...have been more beneficial than harmful"（总体效果利大于弊） 积极评价："The most positive aspect...a new and much needed emphasis on emotion"（最积极的方面是对情感的新重视） 具体益处："helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate..."（帮助公众和研究者重新评估） 2. 严谨逻辑 :正确选项必须能 完整、合理地 解释原文信息，不能片面或牵强。 A 选项的逻辑链： 承认研究不足→强调实际益处→列举具体好处"的完整态度表达链条。 完全对应"beneficial than harmful"的核心表述 涵盖"positive aspect"和"helped"等支持性证据 4.文章出处或者读者对象题： 文章出处题要求考生根据文章的体裁、题材和常识来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。 如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。 设问方式 In which of the following would this passage most likely be found? Where would the passage most probably appear? The passage is probably intended for ----. The text is written mainly for--------. 4.文章出处或者读者对象题：解题思路 4.文章出处或者读者对象题：真题回顾 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Where is this text probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D. An academic article. 2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷-A篇 4.文章出处或者读者对象题：真题回顾 Where is this text probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D. An academic article. C选项（原文证据支撑）： 标题明确："Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature"（文学导论评分政策） 具体评分构成："Essays (60%)...four major essays"（四篇主要论文占60%） 详细评分标准："Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%..."（每篇论文具体占比） 2. 严谨逻辑 :正确选项必须能 完整、合理地 解释原文信息，不能片面或牵强。 C选项的逻辑链： 呈现完整的课程评分体系，包括： 总分等级划分→考核形式（论文）→各考核项目权重 完全匹配"课程政策"的文件性质 典型课程计划包含的评分政策要素齐全 与高等教育课程管理规范一致 主观臆断（无依据的推测） 学术论文的核心是研究成果 过犹不及（过度推断，超出原文范围） 以偏概全（用部分信息概括整体） 原文证据 + 严谨逻辑 = 正确选项 原文 + 偷换/脑补/反转 = 干扰选项 5.总结：推理题思维导图 解题步骤 审清题干 理解原文 对比选项 锁定关键 确定考点 定位原文 分析推理 综合全篇 合理推断 5.总结： 正确选项特点 原文原句不可选 弦外之音 01 太过绝对不可选 02 留有余地 过度推断不可选 03 一步可得 only, never, all, absolutely, any等 原文证据 + 严谨逻辑 = 正确选项 原文 + 偷换/脑补/反转 = 干扰选项 细节理解题 细节理解题常分为直接信息题和间接信息题。 直接信息题就是可以在原文中直接找到答案的细节题，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等疑问词提问，这类试题主要考查原文中的时间、地点、人物等信息。 间接信息题相对于直接信息题要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能一眼就从原文中找出正确答案，而是要稍加归纳才能得出答案。 1．特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。 2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT TRUE或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等。 3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。 常见设问方式 返回导航 返回导航 类型一 　直接细节类　　 直接细节题在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生对事实作出解释或判断，只需要他们从阅读材料中直接获取信息(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)，正确选项和原文的表述上没有太大的变化。 常见设问形式有： ◆Which program favors the disabled? ◆What kind of...is...? ◆When can you see a play...? ◆Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? ◆Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames? 返回导航 通技法——解题怎么办 一、直接信息题——二步准判定 [解题流程] 返回导航 Depart Origin Destination Arrive 6：42 pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7：37 pm 7：29 pm Central Varsity Lakes 8：52 pm 8：57 pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9：52 pm 11：02 pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12：22 am Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance，please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17. Guardian trains (outbound) 1.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes? A. 6：42 pm B. 7：29 pm C. 8：57 pm D. 11：02 pm 返回导航 技法点拨 直接信息题简单明了，做此类试题的关键就是“两对照”： 题干对文章，文章对答案。 返回导航 类型二　综合细节类　　 直接细节题过于简单直接，所以，为了更好地考查考生的思维品质，命题人往往会对具体信息加以修饰，这就需要考生综合多处信息进行理解。 常见设问方式： ◆Which of the following best describes ...? ◆How long does ...last? ◆How much should a couple with a kid pay to visit ...? ◆Why was...a success? 返回导航 [例证2] 　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A) Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. 22．What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A．15－18. B．15－24. C．15－29. D．16－17. 返回导航 技法点拨 综合细节题有以下特点： 1．词语替换。使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词替换关键词，例如，使用book来替换文中的reserve，使用ahead of time 来替换文中的in advance等，使得试题题干或者选项中的关键信息点和文章中的相关信息点并不完全一致。 2．对具体信息进行加工，尤其是年龄、年代、数量、顺序等，这些都需要考生进行简单的计算或者整理，但此类试题的重点不在于计算和推理判断，而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力，故试题设置一般都是简单的计算或替换。 3．细节概括。为了增加细节理解题的难度，命题人有时候也会从概括的角度来进行命题，一个细节理解题涉及一段或者几段的内容，需要考生进行概括后才能回答，虽然各细节信息在文章中都能找到，但此类试题需要考生具备一定的概括能力。 返回导航 词句猜测题 1. 常见设问方式 The phrase “…” could be replaced by _____. The underlined word “…” in paragraph … refers to ____. Which of the following is closest in meaning to phrase “…”? The underlined word “…” probably means_______. 2. 考查角度 (1) 猜测生词或熟词的含义。 (2)猜测短语的意义。 (3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it,one,they,this,that,these,those )。 (4)猜测句意。 考向一 词义猜测题 生活 常识 因果 关系 同义词 猜 对比转折 （反义词) 举例归纳 生活 常识 逻辑关系 同义词 对比转折 （反义词) 举例归纳 同等关系 构词法 考向一 词义猜测题 1. 利用构词法猜词义 Tip 1: 构词法： 根据合成、派生、转换等猜测词义。 合成 有两个或更多的词合成一个词 派生 在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个单词 转换 将一种词性转换成另一种词性 pathway everyday riverside ride-railing frustration antiwar extraordinary profitless place free value air super- inter- mini- micro- -some anti- co- post- pre- -ship extra 在……之间 超 易于……的 极小的 反对 后 身份，资格 微小 一同，一起 之前 超过，以外 1. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables. ( ) 2. Helping laid-off workers and unemployed people find jobs is crucial (关系重大的)and pressing task facing the Chinese Government, President Xi Jinping stressed yesterday, he urged better service to create work for the unemployed. ( ) 考向一 词义猜测题 1. 利用构词法猜词义 不可回收资源 下岗 考向一 词义猜测题 2. 利用同义、近义词猜词义 Tip 2 : 并列关系(同义关系）：表示同义或近义的信号词来猜测词义 信号词：and, or, similarly, likewise, also, as … as, the same as, like... Mr. White loves to talk , his wife is also as loquacious as him. 爱说话的，多嘴的 考向一 词义猜测题 3. 利用反义词猜词义 对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。 信号词: (whether)...or, unlike, but, yet, however, while(然而), although , nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand... He had been getting better. However , during the night his condition deteriorated. 恶化 考向一 词义猜测题 4. 利用逻辑关系猜词义 Tip 4: 逻辑关系：因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系、解释关系等。 因果关系常见信号词： because，since , as, so, for, thus, consequently, therefore, due to, result in, for this reason, so/such...that 解释关系常见信号词：means, refers to, be called, be known as , be defined as, in other words, that is , that is to say, to put it another way…或使用破折号、冒号或使用定语从句 考向一 词义猜测题 4. 利用逻辑关系猜词义 I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .” The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “      ” . A．full of respect     B． rude and too confident   C．lacking in experience  D．too shy and quiet 专横的，冒昧的 B 考向一 词义猜测题 5. 利用例证猜词义 例证法：根据例子隶属的类别归出词义 Key words : such as, like， for example, for instance On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. 家禽 考向一 词义猜测题 6. 利用同等关系猜词义 同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。只要认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性、作用和大概的意思。 常见的表示同等关系的信号词有that is to say, in other words, to be exact, namely, to put in another way等，或使用破折号、冒号、同位语等。 ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 木匠 动物学家 牧人 夜班 考向一 词义猜测题 6. 利用同等关系猜词义 考向一 词义猜测题 7. 利用生活常识和文化背景猜词义 Husband：It’s really cold out tonight. Wife: Sure it is. My hands are almost numb. How about lighting the fireplace? a). dying b). frozen c). hurt Tip 7:生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理 冻僵的，麻木的 考向二 代词指代题--- 就近原则判指代 此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词this, that, it, they, them, one, which等究竟指代什么。 技巧点拨：代词指代判段三法 1.返回原文，找出指代词(it,they,them,this等)。 2.向上（有时向下）搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。 3.将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。 考向三 句意猜测题 对某一个句子的外延含义进行考查，准确理解前后句表达的含义。 技巧点拨：句意猜测两注意 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 1.返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。 2.一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是用其他的英语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思。 2025年 初升高衔接课程 专题十七 英语 谢谢 聆听 题型一　细节理解题 细节理解题的选项特征 正确选项特征 干扰选项特征 1.同义替换：对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。 2．语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化。 3．正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 1.扩缩范围：与文章细节部分吻合，部分相悖。 2．无中生有：明显与文章内容不符或没有提及。 3．偷梁换柱：符合常识，但不是文章内容。 4．张冠李戴：是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点。 5．正误参半：部分正确，部分错误。 $$ 专题17 初升高衔接阅读理解 练习一 In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tries to look as rich as his neighbors. The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors. It was like a race, but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Joneses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead. 1. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ______. A. want to be as rich as their neighbors B. want others to know or to think that they are rich C. don't want others to know they are rich D. want to be happy 2. It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ______. A. live outside New York City B. live in New York City C. live in apartments D. have many neighbors 3. Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because “Jones” is ______. A. an important name B. a popular name in the United States C. his neighbor's name D. not a good name 4. According to the writer, it is ______ to keep up with the Joneses. A. correct B. interesting C. impossible D. good 练习二 The first newspapers were written by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC. In the 700s the world's first printed newspaper was published. Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany. The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courant, which came out in March 1702. In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started The Boston Newsletter, the first newspaper published daily in the American colonies(殖民地). By 1760, the colonies had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1,800 daily papers in the United States. Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation(发行量) in the world. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun. It sells more than eleven million copies every day. 1. The first daily newspaper came out in ______. A. 59 BC B. 700s C. 1609 D. 1620 2. The first regularly published newspaper in Europe was printed in ______. A. England B. Germany C. France D. Sweden 3. The first printed newspaper in America came out in ______. A. Washington B. New York C. Boston D. New Orleans 4. Today there are about ______ daily newspapers printed in the United States. A. 1621 B. 1704 C. 1760 D. 1800 练习三 There was once a professor of medicine, who was very strict with the students. Whenever he took the chair on the exam committee(担任考试委员会主席), the students would be in fear, because he was seldom pleased with the answers they gave. A student would be lucky enough if he or she could receive a good mark from him. At the end of the term, the students of medicine would take their exam again. Now a student entered the exam room and got seated before the committee. This student was a little nervous as he knew it would not be so easy to get through the exam at all. The professor began to ask. The student was required to describe a certain illness, his description of which turned out to be OK. Then the professor asked about the cure(治疗) for the illness, and the student, too, answered just as right. “Good,” said the professor, “and how much will you give the patient?” “A full spoon,” answered the student. “Now you may go out and wait for what you can get,” said the professor. At the same time, the committee discussed carefully the answers the student had given. Suddenly the student noticed that there was something wrong with his last answer. “A full spoon is too much,” he thought to himself. Anxiously he opened the door of the room and cried, “Mr. Professor, I've made a mistake! A full spoon is too much for the patient. He can take only five drops.” “I'm sorry, sir,” said the professor coldly, “but it's too late. Your patient has died.” 1. The students were afraid of the professor because ______. A. they often angered and disappointed him B. their answers often astonished him C. their answers seldom satisfied him D. he often misunderstood them and gave them bad marks 2. The student's description of the illness was ______. A. not correct B. not satisfying C. completely discouraging D. accepted 3. Before he left the room, the student probably ______. A. believed that he had passed the exam B. thought he had made a mistake C. knew that he had made a mistake D. felt very happy 4. We learn from the passage that ______. A. the student would probably not pass the exam B. the professor was very pleased and satisfied with the student's answers C. the committee agreed to give the student a good mark D. the patient would have been saved if he had taken the medicine as the student described 答案 练习一 1. 答案：B 解析：根据第一段 “In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what ‘keeping up with the Joneses’ is about” 可知，一些人想要攀比是因为他们想让别人知道或认为他们富有，所以答案选B。 2. 答案：A 解析：从第二段 “He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors” 可以推断出，富人喜欢住在纽约市外，所以答案是A。 3. 答案：B 解析：依据第四段 “He called it ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ because ‘Jones’ is a very common name in the United States” 可知，Arthur Momand在他的系列短篇小说中使用“Jones”这个名字是因为它在美国是一个很常见、受欢迎的名字，答案为B。 4. 答案：C 解析：由最后一段 “But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead” 可知，要跟上别人的富裕生活方式是不可能的，所以答案选C。 练习二 1. 答案：A 解析：根据第一段 “The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC” 可知，第一份日报出现在公元前59年，答案是A。 2. 答案：B 解析：从第一段 “Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany” 可知，欧洲第一份定期出版的报纸是在德国印刷的，答案为B。 3. 答案：C 解析：依据第三段 “In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston” 可知，美国第一份印刷报纸在波士顿出版，答案选C。 4. 答案：D 解析：根据第三段 “There are now about 1,800 daily papers in the United States” 可知，如今美国大约有1800份日报，答案是D。 练习三 1. 答案：C 解析：由第一段 “Whenever he took the chair on the exam committee, the students would be in fear, because he was seldom pleased with the answers they gave” 可知，学生们害怕教授是因为他们的答案很少能让教授满意，答案选C。 2. 答案：D 解析：从第二段 “The student was required to describe a certain illness, his description of which turned out to be OK” 可知，学生对疾病的描述是被接受的，答案为D。 3. 答案：A 解析：根据第三段和第四段，学生前面的回答都正确，最后回答用药剂量时虽然最后意识到错了，但之前他应该是认为自己通过了考试，答案选A。 4. 答案：A 解析：由于学生最后一个答案错误且教授说 “Your patient has died” ，可以推断这个学生很可能不会通过考试，答案是A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题17 初升高衔接阅读理解 练习一 In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tries to look as rich as his neighbors. The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighborhood outside New York City. When he saw that rich people rode horses, Momand went horseback riding every day. When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbors. It was like a race, but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City. Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbors. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand's series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Joneses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be ahead. 1. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ______. A. want to be as rich as their neighbors B. want others to know or to think that they are rich C. don't want others to know they are rich D. want to be happy 2. It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ______. A. live outside New York City B. live in New York City C. live in apartments D. have many neighbors 3. Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because “Jones” is ______. A. an important name B. a popular name in the United States C. his neighbor's name D. not a good name 4. According to the writer, it is ______ to keep up with the Joneses. A. correct B. interesting C. impossible D. good 练习二 The first newspapers were written by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC. In the 700s the world's first printed newspaper was published. Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany. The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courant, which came out in March 1702. In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started The Boston Newsletter, the first newspaper published daily in the American colonies(殖民地). By 1760, the colonies had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1,800 daily papers in the United States. Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation(发行量) in the world. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun. It sells more than eleven million copies every day. 1. The first daily newspaper came out in ______. A. 59 BC B. 700s C. 1609 D. 1620 2. The first regularly published newspaper in Europe was printed in ______. A. England B. Germany C. France D. Sweden 3. The first printed newspaper in America came out in ______. A. Washington B. New York C. Boston D. New Orleans 4. Today there are about ______ daily newspapers printed in the United States. A. 1621 B. 1704 C. 1760 D. 1800 练习三 There was once a professor of medicine, who was very strict with the students. Whenever he took the chair on the exam committee(担任考试委员会主席), the students would be in fear, because he was seldom pleased with the answers they gave. A student would be lucky enough if he or she could receive a good mark from him. At the end of the term, the students of medicine would take their exam again. Now a student entered the exam room and got seated before the committee. This student was a little nervous as he knew it would not be so easy to get through the exam at all. The professor began to ask. The student was required to describe a certain illness, his description of which turned out to be OK. Then the professor asked about the cure(治疗) for the illness, and the student, too, answered just as right. “Good,” said the professor, “and how much will you give the patient?” “A full spoon,” answered the student. “Now you may go out and wait for what you can get,” said the professor. At the same time, the committee discussed carefully the answers the student had given. Suddenly the student noticed that there was something wrong with his last answer. “A full spoon is too much,” he thought to himself. Anxiously he opened the door of the room and cried, “Mr. Professor, I've made a mistake! A full spoon is too much for the patient. He can take only five drops.” “I'm sorry, sir,” said the professor coldly, “but it's too late. Your patient has died.” 1. The students were afraid of the professor because ______. A. they often angered and disappointed him B. their answers often astonished him C. their answers seldom satisfied him D. he often misunderstood them and gave them bad marks 2. The student's description of the illness was ______. A. not correct B. not satisfying C. completely discouraging D. accepted 3. Before he left the room, the student probably ______. A. believed that he had passed the exam B. thought he had made a mistake C. knew that he had made a mistake D. felt very happy 4. We learn from the passage that ______. A. the student would probably not pass the exam B. the professor was very pleased and satisfied with the student's answers C. the committee agreed to give the student a good mark D. the patient would have been saved if he had taken the medicine as the student described 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$