内容正文:
专题20 初升高衔接语法填空
练习一
Originating in ancient China, the Chinese knot is a decorative art form, 31 involves tying silk strings into various patterns. It is believed to have been created during the Tang and Song dynasties. Throughout history, Chinese knots have played 32 significant role in traditional Chinese ceremonies and celebrations, symbolizing good luck and harmony.
Chinese knots come in 33 (vary) shapes and forms, each carrying its unique symbolism. Some popular designs include the “Double Coin Knot” representing wealth and success, the “Button Knot” symbolizing unity and friendship, and the “Good Luck Knot” signifying blessings and good fortune. These knots can be further decorated with beads, tassels or other decorations 34 (enhance) their beauty.
Chinese knots hold great significance in Chinese culture and are often used for decorative 35 (purpose) or as accessories (饰品). They can be seen on traditional clothing, handbags, home decorations, and even used as bookmarks. During festive occasions 36 Chinese New Year or weddings, these knots are 37 (common) used as decorations to create an auspicious (吉祥的) and joyful atmosphere.
In recent years, the art of Chinese knots 38 (gain) international recognition, with enthusiasts and collectors 39 (appreciate) its beauty and cultural value. Workshops and exhibitions 40 (hold) worldwide, allowing people to learn about this unique form of art and even try their hand at making their own Chinese knots.
练习二
Chinese chime bells are an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells, 36 (play) melodically. They are also called bianzhong. These sets of chime bells were used 37 polyphonic (多音的) musical instruments and some of these bells have been dated at between 2, 000 to 3, 600 years old. They were hung in a wooden frame and struck with a wooden hammer.
They have 38 lens-shaped section, the bell mouth has a distinctive profile, and the outer surfaces of the large bells feature studs. The sound of this musical instrument is heard by 39 (hit) the bell. The one produced depends on 40 you hit the bell. The center is the source of the primary tone. The right and left corners give the secondary tone in a 41 (high) pitch. Chime bells in ancient China 42 (reserve) for the nobles and symbolized power and wealth. In the Song Dynasty, musicians used this instrument for grand 43 (performance). In modern times, the standardized bianzhong are used by music and dance groups. A great example of the range of tones produced by these ancient instruments 44 (be) the bells of Marquis Yi, which were unearthed in 1978. These bells are still fully playable after long years and thanks to 45 (they) twin-tone capability, they can sound a complete 12-tone scale.
练习三
Using needles to help life’s energy flow
For thousands of years, the Chinese have relieved pain and cured disease through acupuncture (针灸). 36 (evolve) from the discovery that using stone needles to prick specific points on the surface of the body could relieve pain and symptoms, acupuncture has become 37 integral part of traditional Chinese medicine, in line with the philosophy that promotes the harmonious coexistence of humans with nature.
According to Records of the Grand Historian, 38 (write) by Sima Qian about 2,100 years ago, Bian Que, a highly skilled 39 (physical) during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), was famous for having saved a prince from “death” by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint on the head of the unconscious man.
According to TCM (中医), there are a dozen meridians (经脉) in the human body, 40 the qi, or life energy, circulates to nourish the organs. Cold, infections or diseases can result in blocking of the energy, and so stimulating the acupoints can unblock stagnant (不流动的) qi, restore normal circulation and improve health. Today, acupuncture is still 41 (wide) used in China.
In 2010, UNESCO inscribed acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Yet, the practice is not just cultural and historical, 42 a medical technique widely used and researched today.
For years, 43 the clear therapeutic effects of acupuncture in treating many diseases, there were few convincing studies that explained how acupoint stimulation worked, or what meridians were anatomically speaking, so the technique always seemed somewhat 44 (mystery).
However, as scientific research of acupuncture 45 (grow) in recent years, producing good quality results, the technique is gaining traction around the world.
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专题20 初升高衔接语法填空
练习一
Originating in ancient China, the Chinese knot is a decorative art form, 31 involves tying silk strings into various patterns. It is believed to have been created during the Tang and Song dynasties. Throughout history, Chinese knots have played 32 significant role in traditional Chinese ceremonies and celebrations, symbolizing good luck and harmony.
Chinese knots come in 33 (vary) shapes and forms, each carrying its unique symbolism. Some popular designs include the “Double Coin Knot” representing wealth and success, the “Button Knot” symbolizing unity and friendship, and the “Good Luck Knot” signifying blessings and good fortune. These knots can be further decorated with beads, tassels or other decorations 34 (enhance) their beauty.
Chinese knots hold great significance in Chinese culture and are often used for decorative 35 (purpose) or as accessories (饰品). They can be seen on traditional clothing, handbags, home decorations, and even used as bookmarks. During festive occasions 36 Chinese New Year or weddings, these knots are 37 (common) used as decorations to create an auspicious (吉祥的) and joyful atmosphere.
In recent years, the art of Chinese knots 38 (gain) international recognition, with enthusiasts and collectors 39 (appreciate) its beauty and cultural value. Workshops and exhibitions 40 (hold) worldwide, allowing people to learn about this unique form of art and even try their hand at making their own Chinese knots.
【答案】
31.which 32.a 33.various 34.to enhance 35.purposes 36.like 37.commonly 38.has gained 39.appreciating 40.are held
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中国结,并说明了中国结在中国文化中的重要意义。
31.考查定语从句。句意:中国结起源于中国古代,是一种装饰艺术形式,包括将丝线打结成各种图案。分析句子结构,这是一个包含非限制性定语从句的复合句,先行词为:the Chinese knot,因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物,使用关系代词which引导定语从句,故填which。
32.考查冠词。句意:纵观历史,中国结在中国传统的仪式和庆祝活动中发挥了重要作用,象征着好运和和谐。分析句子结构,play a role in为固定短语,含义为“在……中起着……的作用”,符合句意,又因空白处后面词significant的第一个发音音素为辅音,故填a。
33.考查形容词。句意:中国结有各种各样的形状和形式,每一种都有其独特的象征意义。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作定语表示属性使用形容词,修饰后面名词,故填various。
34.考查非谓语动词。句意:这些结可以进一步用珠子、流苏或其他装饰物来装饰,以增强其美感。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作状语表示目的,使用动词不定式,故填to enhance。
35.考查名词。句意:中国结在中国文化中具有重要意义,经常被用作装饰或配饰。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词,因空白处表示的是数目不确定的名词,使用复数表示泛指,故填purposes。
36.考查介词。句意:在中国新年或婚礼等节日场合,这些结通常被用作装饰,以营造吉祥快乐的气氛。根据上文“festive occasions(节日场合)”以及下文“Chinese New Year or weddings(中国新年)”可知下文是对上文的举例说明,空白处应填表示举例说明含义的介词,故填like。
37.考查副词。句意:同上。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作状语使用副词,故填commonly。
38.考查时态。句意:近年来,中国结的艺术获得了国际认可,爱好者和收藏家都在欣赏它的美丽和文化价值。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作谓语,根据时间状语In recent years(近年来)可知,句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,谓语动词使用现在完成时,故填has gained。
39.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作宾补,使用非谓语动词,因与其逻辑主语enthusiasts and collectors之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,使用现在分词,故填appreciating。
40.考查被动语态。句意:研讨会和展览在世界各地举行,让人们了解这种独特的艺术形式,甚至尝试制作自己的中国结。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作谓语且与主语之间为被动关系,使用被动语态,因句子表达的是一种客观情况,使用一般现在时的被动语态,又因主语Workshops and exhibitions为复数,故填are held。
练习二
Chinese chime bells are an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells, 36 (play) melodically. They are also called bianzhong. These sets of chime bells were used 37 polyphonic (多音的) musical instruments and some of these bells have been dated at between 2, 000 to 3, 600 years old. They were hung in a wooden frame and struck with a wooden hammer.
They have 38 lens-shaped section, the bell mouth has a distinctive profile, and the outer surfaces of the large bells feature studs. The sound of this musical instrument is heard by 39 (hit) the bell. The one produced depends on 40 you hit the bell. The center is the source of the primary tone. The right and left corners give the secondary tone in a 41 (high) pitch. Chime bells in ancient China 42 (reserve) for the nobles and symbolized power and wealth. In the Song Dynasty, musicians used this instrument for grand 43 (performance). In modern times, the standardized bianzhong are used by music and dance groups. A great example of the range of tones produced by these ancient instruments 44 (be) the bells of Marquis Yi, which were unearthed in 1978. These bells are still fully playable after long years and thanks to 45 (they) twin-tone capability, they can sound a complete 12-tone scale.
【答案】
36.played 37.as 38.a 39.hitting 40.where 41.higher 42.were reserved 43.performances 44.is 45.their
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了古代的编钟。编钟是一种古老的乐器,它是由一套青铜铃组成的,这些铃都是按照旋律演奏的。在古代,编钟是贵族的象征,代表着权力和财富。在宋代,编钟被音乐家用于大型演出。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国编钟是一种古老的中国乐器,由一套铜钟组成,有旋律地演奏。分析句子结构可知,本句系动词为are,此处应用非谓语动词,又因为play“演奏”与逻辑主语bronze bells之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词。故填played。
37.考查固定短语。句意:这些编钟被用作多音乐器。 结合句意和were used可知,本空填介词as。be used as...意为“被用作……”,为固定短语。故填as。
38.考查冠词。句意:它们有一个透镜形状的部分,钟口有一个独特的轮廓,大钟的外表面有螺柱。此处泛指“一个独特的轮廓”,且lens-shaped以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
39.考查非谓语动词。句意:这种乐器的声音是通过敲击钟来听到的。动词hit意为“打,击”。by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”,为固定搭配。故填hitting。
40.考查宾语从句。句意:钟的声音取决于你敲击钟的什么地方。分析句子结构可知,本空引导宾语从句,结合句意可知,从句缺少“哪里,哪个地方”之意,故用where引导。故填where。
41.考查形容词比较级。句意:左右两个角的辅音音调更高。根据句意可知,左右两个角的音与中间的音对比,辅音音调更高,故此处应用比较级higher“更高”。故填higher。
42.考查动词的语态。句意:在中国古代,编钟是贵族的专属,象征着权力和财富。reserve for...意为“为……预留”,为固定搭配。主语Chime bells与reserve为被动关系,根据in ancient China可知事情发生在过去,故句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were reserved。
43.考查名词的数。句意:在宋代,音乐家用这种乐器进行大型演出。performance意为“演出”,为可数名词,结合句意可知,演出不止一个,应用名词复数形式,作for的宾语。故填performances。
44.考查动词时态。句意:1978年出土的易侯钟就是这些古代乐器发出的音调范围的一个很好的例子。结合语境可知本句陈述事实,故时态用一般现在时,且主语为A great example,故be动词用is。故填 is。
45.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:这些钟在多年后仍然可以完全演奏,由于它们的双音能力,它们可以发出完整的12音音阶。此处应用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”, 作定语,修饰名词twin-tone capability。故填their。
练习三
Using needles to help life’s energy flow
For thousands of years, the Chinese have relieved pain and cured disease through acupuncture (针灸). 36 (evolve) from the discovery that using stone needles to prick specific points on the surface of the body could relieve pain and symptoms, acupuncture has become 37 integral part of traditional Chinese medicine, in line with the philosophy that promotes the harmonious coexistence of humans with nature.
According to Records of the Grand Historian, 38 (write) by Sima Qian about 2,100 years ago, Bian Que, a highly skilled 39 (physical) during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), was famous for having saved a prince from “death” by using needles to stimulate the Baihui acupoint on the head of the unconscious man.
According to TCM (中医), there are a dozen meridians (经脉) in the human body, 40 the qi, or life energy, circulates to nourish the organs. Cold, infections or diseases can result in blocking of the energy, and so stimulating the acupoints can unblock stagnant (不流动的) qi, restore normal circulation and improve health. Today, acupuncture is still 41 (wide) used in China.
In 2010, UNESCO inscribed acupuncture and moxibustion of TCM on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Yet, the practice is not just cultural and historical, 42 a medical technique widely used and researched today.
For years, 43 the clear therapeutic effects of acupuncture in treating many diseases, there were few convincing studies that explained how acupoint stimulation worked, or what meridians were anatomically speaking, so the technique always seemed somewhat 44 (mystery).
However, as scientific research of acupuncture 45 (grow) in recent years, producing good quality results, the technique is gaining traction around the world.
【答案】
36.Evolving 37.an 38.written 39.physician 40.where 41.widely 42.but 43.despite 44.mysterious 45.has grown
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中医针灸,包括其历史起源、理念、原理以及近年来的发展等。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:针灸源于人们发现用石针刺入身体表面的特定穴位可以缓解疼痛和症状,已经成为中医不可分割的一部分,符合促进人与自然和谐共处的理念。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处作状语,对acupuncture作补充说明,evolve和acupuncture逻辑上是主动关系,应用evolve的现在分词形式,且空处位于句首,evolving的首字母需大写。故填Evolving。
37.考查冠词。句意:针灸源于人们发现用石针刺入身体表面的特定穴位可以缓解疼痛和症状,已经成为中医不可分割的一部分,符合促进人与自然和谐共处的理念。分析句子可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且integral的发音以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。
38.考查非谓语动词。句意:据大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》记载,战国时期(公元前475—221年)的一位医术高超的医生扁鹊,曾用针刺激昏迷者头上的百会穴,使一位王子“死而复生”。分析句子可知,空处作Records of the Grand Historian的非限制性后置定语,是非谓语动词,write和Records of the Grand Historian逻辑上是被动关系,且动作已完成,应用write的过去分词形式。故填written。
39.考查名词。句意:据大约2100年前司马迁所著的《史记》记载,战国时期(公元前475—221年)的一位医术高超的医生扁鹊,曾用针刺激昏迷者头上的百会穴,使一位王子“死而复生”。分析句子可知,空处作句子的主语,结合“a highly skilled”可知,名词physician“医生”符合题意,需用单数形式。故填physician。
40.考查定语从句。句意:根据中医的说法,人体有十几个经络,在这些经络中,气或生命能量循环以滋养器官。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词meridians作补充说明,关系词替代先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点,作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
41.考查副词。句意:今天,针灸在中国仍被广泛使用。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词used,wide的副词形式widely符合题意,意为“广泛地”。故填widely。
42.考查连词。句意:然而,这种做法不仅具有文化和历史意义,而且是今天广泛使用和研究的一种医疗技术。根据“not just”可推知,此处用固定句型not just…but…表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
43.考查介词。句意:多年来,尽管针灸在治疗许多疾病方面有明显的疗效,但很少有令人信服的研究解释穴位刺激是如何起作用的,或者从解剖学上讲,什么是经络,所以这项技术总是显得有些神秘。此处提及针灸有一些明显的疗效,但缺少令人信服的研究,前后有让步关系,且空后为名词短语,因此用意为“尽管,即使”的介词despite。故填despite。
44.考查形容词。句意:多年来,尽管针灸在治疗许多疾病方面有明显的疗效,但很少有令人信服的研究解释穴位刺激是如何起作用的,或者从解剖学上讲,什么是经络,所以这项技术总是显得有些神秘。分析句子可知,空处作seemed的表语,mystery的形容词形式mysterious符合题意,意为“神秘的”。故填mysterious。
45.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:然而,随着近年来针灸科学研究的发展,产生了高质量的结果,这项技术在世界范围内得到了关注。分析句子可知,空处作as引导的从句的谓语,时间状语为in recent years,时态应用现在完成时,且主语research不可数,助动词用has。故填has grown。
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专题20 初升高衔接语法填空
一、题型概述
语法填空是高考英语中的重要题型,旨在考查同学们在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握和运用能力。该题型通常是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,部分空白后给出提示词,要求同学们根据上下文语境、语法规则,在每个空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,使短文意思完整、语法正确。
二、命题特点
1. 文章体裁:文章体裁丰富多样,涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文、夹叙夹议文等。记叙文常讲述个人经历、故事等;说明文会介绍事物的特点、原理、发展等;议论文则表达作者对某个问题的观点和看法;夹叙夹议文是在叙事的同时发表议论。例如一篇关于环保的说明文,可能会介绍环境污染的现状、原因以及解决措施等。
2. 题材内容:题材广泛,涉及生活、文化、科技、健康、教育等多个领域,紧跟时代热点,贴近学生生活实际。比如以人工智能在教育领域的应用为题材,讲述其对学习方式、教学方法的影响。
3. 考点分布:考点涵盖词法和句法两大方面。词法主要考查动词(时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性转换)、名词(单复数、所有格、词性转换)、形容词和副词(比较等级、词性转换)、代词、冠词、介词等;句法主要考查各类从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)、特殊句式(强调句、倒装句、省略句)等。其中动词和从句是考查重点,每年都有较多题目涉及。
三、解题步骤
1. 快速浏览,掌握大意:在开始做题前,先快速通读全文,了解文章的体裁、题材、主题以及基本内容。注意文章的首句和尾句,首句往往能提供文章的关键信息,尾句可能会总结全文或点明主旨。同时,标记出文中出现的时间状语、连接词等,这些信息有助于理解文章的逻辑结构和时态。例如在一篇记叙文里,通过首句 “Last summer, I had an unforgettable trip to the mountains.” 可知文章要讲述去年夏天的一次山区旅行,再根据文中 “On the first day”“The next day” 等时间状语能理清旅行的先后顺序。
2. 分析句子,确定考点:逐句阅读文章,分析每个句子的结构和成分,确定空白处的考点。如果空白处有提示词,先判断提示词在句中的作用和词性,再根据相应的语法规则进行变形。比如提示词是动词,要考虑它是作谓语还是非谓语,作谓语时要注意时态、语态和主谓一致;作非谓语时要根据其与逻辑主语的关系以及在句中的功能确定形式 。若空白处无提示词,则需分析句子缺少什么成分,根据上下文语境和语法知识,确定是填冠词、介词、连词还是代词等。例如 “I bought a book ____ is very interesting.”,这里缺少定语从句的引导词,先行词 “book” 指物,在从句中作主语,所以填 “which/that”。
3. 代入答案,复查验证:完成所有填空后,将答案代入原文,再次通读全文,检查答案是否符合语法规则、上下文逻辑以及语义连贯。重点检查动词的形式、名词的单复数、代词的指代、从句的引导词等容易出错的地方。比如检查时态是否一致,“I went to the park yesterday and ____ (see) a lot of beautiful flowers.”,这里根据 “yesterday” 可知要用一般过去时,“see” 应变为 “saw”,代入后看整个句子是否通顺合理。
四、解题技巧
(一)有提示词题解题技巧
1. 提示词为动词
◦ 谓语动词:
◦ 判断时态:根据句中的时间状语(如yesterday用一般过去时;since 2000用现在完成时)、上下文语境以及文章的主体时态来确定。例如 “He ____ (go) to school by bike every day.”,这里有 “every day”,表示经常发生的动作,用一般现在时,主语 “He” 是第三人称单数,所以填 “goes”。
◦ 判断语态:分析主语与动词之间的关系,若主语是动作的执行者,用主动语态;若主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。如 “The bridge ____ (build) last year.”,“bridge” 是 “build” 的承受者,且有 “last year”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态 “was built”。
◦ 注意主谓一致:主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加 -s/-es ;当主语是集合名词(如family, team等)时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数;若强调个体,谓语动词用复数。例如 “My family ____ (be) a big one.”(强调整体,用 “is”);“My family ____ (be) all fond of music.”(强调个体,用 “are”) 。
◦ 非谓语动词:
◦ 确定形式:句中已有谓语动词,空格处需用非谓语动词。to do 表目的、将来;doing 表主动、进行;done 表被动、完成。例如 “____ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful.”,“see” 与 “city” 是被动关系,即 “城市被看”,所以用 “Seen”。
◦ 找逻辑主语:明确非谓语动词的逻辑主语,一般是句子的主语或宾语 。如 “I asked him ____ (open) the door.”,“open” 的逻辑主语是 “him”。
◦ 判断动作先后:非谓语动词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生,用 having done 形式(主动)或 having been done 形式(被动)。例如 “____ (finish) his homework, he went out to play.”,“finish” 的动作先于 “went out”,且是主动,所以用 “Having finished”。
◦ 词性转换:若动词在句中不作谓语,可能需要转换为名词(常加 -tion, -ment, -ance 等后缀) 。如 “His ____ (decide) to leave surprised us.”,这里需要名词作主语,“decide” 变为 “decision”。
2. 提示词为形容词
◦ 变副词:当空格处需要修饰动词、形容词或整个句子时,将形容词变为副词,一般在形容词后加 -ly 。例如 “He runs ____ (fast).”,这里 “fast” 修饰动词 “runs”,用副词形式 “fast”(fast既是形容词也是副词);“She is ____ (extreme) beautiful.”,“extreme” 变为 “extremely” 修饰形容词 “beautiful”。
◦ 比较等级:句中有 than 用比较级;有表示范围的 in/of 短语,且表达 “最……” 时,用最高级;much, far, even 等词可修饰比较级。如 “He is ____ (tall) than his brother.”,用比较级 “taller”;“This is the ____ (good) book I have ever read.”,用最高级 “best”。
◦ 变名词:有些形容词可变为名词,如 “important” 变为 “importance” 。“We should realize the ____ (important) of protecting the environment.”,这里需要名词,所以填 “importance”。
3. 提示词为副词
◦ 比较等级:同形容词比较等级的规则,根据语境判断是否用比较级或最高级。如 “He runs ____ (fast) than me.”,用比较级 “faster”。
◦ 词性转换:副词有时可转换为形容词 。如 “The weather is ____ (terrible) bad.”,这里 “terrible” 修饰名词 “bad”,应变为形容词 “terribly”。
4. 提示词为名词
◦ 单复数:根据句中的修饰词(如many, a few, some 等后接可数名词复数;much, a little 等后接不可数名词)以及语境判断名词是否用复数形式。名词变复数一般在词尾加 -s ;以 -s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的加 -es ;以辅音字母 + y 结尾的,变 y 为 i 再加 -es 等。例如 “There are many ____ (book) on the desk.”,“book” 用复数 “books”;“These are some ____ (box).”,“box” 变为 “boxes”。
◦ 所有格:表示 “……的” 时,用名词所有格,一般在名词后加 ’s (单数名词和不以 -s 结尾的复数名词);以 -s 结尾的复数名词直接加 ’ 。如 “This is my ____ (sister) book.”,“sister” 用所有格 “sister’s”;“These are the ____ (students) desks.”,“students” 是复数且以 -s 结尾,用 “students’”。
◦ 词性转换:名词可转换为形容词,一般加 -ful, -less, -y 等后缀 。如 “It’s a ____ (cloud) day.”,“cloud” 变为形容词 “cloudy”。
5. 提示词为代词
◦ 人称代词:根据在句中的成分确定用主格(作主语)还是宾格(作宾语) 。如 “____ (I) like him.”,“I” 作主语用主格;“He likes ____ (I).”,“I” 作宾语用宾格 “me”。
◦ 物主代词:分形容词性物主代词(后接名词)和名词性物主代词(后不接名词) 。如 “This is ____ (my) book.”,用形容词性物主代词 “my”;“This book is ____ (my).”,用名词性物主代词 “mine”。
◦ 反身代词:表示 “某人自己”,根据主语确定形式,如 myself, yourself, himself 等 。“He hurt ____ (he) yesterday.”,这里用反身代词 “himself”。
(二)无提示词题解题技巧
1. 填冠词:
◦ 不定冠词a/an:用于泛指,“a” 用于辅音音素开头的单词前,“an” 用于元音音素开头的单词前。如 “He is ____ honest boy.”,“honest” 以元音音素开头,用 “an”。
◦ 定冠词the:用于特指(上文提到过的、特定的人或物)、形容词最高级、序数词前以及世界上独一无二的事物前等 。如 “The book on the desk is mine.”(特指桌上的书);“He is the tallest in our class.”(最高级前);“the first day”(序数词前);“the sun”(世界上独一无二的事物前)。
2. 填介词:
◦ 固定搭配:牢记常见的动词与介词搭配(如look at, listen to )、名词与介词搭配(如key to, answer to )、形容词与介词搭配(如be good at, be interested in ) 。例如 “He is good ____ math.”,填 “at”。
◦ 时间、地点介词:表示时间时,at 用于具体时刻(at 8:00);in 用于年月、季节、上下午等(in 2025, in spring, in the morning );on 用于具体某天(on Monday, on May 1st ) 。表示地点时,in 表示 “在……里面”;on 表示 “在……上面(接触表面)”;at 表示 “在(小地点)” 等 。如 “He arrived ____ Beijing yesterday.”,“Beijing” 是大地点,用 “in”。
3. 填连词:
◦ 并列连词:and 表并列、顺承;or 表选择;but 表转折;so 表因果等 。例如 “I like apples ____ he likes bananas.”,前后是转折关系,填 “but”;“You can go there by bus ____ by train.”,表选择,填 “or”。
◦ 从句引导词:
◦ 定语从句:找出先行词,判断先行词在从句中的成分。作主语、宾语指物时用which/that ;作主语、宾语指人时用who/whom/that ;作定语用whose ;作时间状语用when ;作地点状语用where ;作原因状语用why 。例如 “This is the house ____ I lived last year.”,先行词 “house” 在从句中作地点状语,填 “where”。
◦ 名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中,缺主语、宾语、表语,指物时用what ;指人时用who/whom ;不缺成分且无意义用that ;表示 “是否” 用if/whether 。如 “____ he said is true.”,主语从句中缺宾语,指物,填 “What”;“I don’t know ____ he will come.”,宾语从句表示 “是否”,填 “if/whether”。
◦ 状语从句:根据逻辑关系填相应的连词。时间状语从句用when, while, as, before, after 等;条件状语从句用if, unless 等;让步状语从句用although, though, even though 等;原因状语从句用because, since, as 等 。例如 “____ it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.”,条件状语从句,填 “If”;“____ he is young, he knows a lot.”,让步状语从句,填 “Although/Though”。
4. 填代词:
◦ it的用法:it 可作形式主语或形式宾语,代指不定式、动名词、名词性从句 。如 “It is important ____ (learn) English well.”,“it” 作形式主语,真正的主语是 “to learn English well”;“I find it difficult ____ (understand) the passage.”,“it” 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是 “to understand the passage”。
◦ 不定代词:both 表示 “两者都”;either 表示 “两者中任何一个”;neither 表示 “两者都不”;all 表示 “三者或三者以上都”;none 表示 “三者或三者以上都不”;another 表示 “(三者或三者以上中的)另一个”;the other 表示 “(两者中的)另一个”;others 表示 “其他的人或物(复数)” 。例如 “There are two books. You can take either of them.”(两者中任何一个);“All of us like music.”(三者或三者以上都)。
五、备考建议
1. 系统学习语法知识:构建完整的语法体系,全面掌握词法和句法知识。可以借助语法教材、辅导资料或在线课程,系统地学习各类语法规则,并通过例句加深理解。例如学习定语从句时,要理解关系词的用法、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别等。
2. 增加阅读量:广泛阅读不同体裁和题材的英语文章,如英语报纸、杂志、小说等。在阅读过程中,注意分析句子结构,积累常见的语法表达和固定搭配,培养语感。比如阅读《21世纪学生英文报》,既能了解时事新闻,又能提高英语阅读和语法运用能力。
3. 多做练习题:通过有针对性的练习,熟悉语法填空的命题规律和解题技巧。做完题目后,认真分析答案,总结自己的易错点和薄弱环节,及时进行查漏补缺。可以选择历年高考真题、模拟题进行练习,如《五年高考三年模拟》中的语法填空专项练习。
4. 整理错题集:将做错的题目整理到错题集上,注明错误原因和正确答案,定期复习,避免再次犯错。分析错题时,要深入思考自己对语法知识的理解误区,加强对相关知识点的学习。例如如果总是在非谓语动词的题目上出错,就针对非谓语动词进行专项复习。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
2025年 初升高衔接课程
语法填空
专题二十
英语
目录
考情概览
有提示词
无提示词
1
2
3
4
解题策略
考情概览
规律
总结 1.文章一般选取200词左右的说明文或记叙文,注重思想性和核心素养的培养。
2.主要考查语法、词汇语用知识,强调语篇分析能力,突出交际性和语境化特征。
3.有提示词的填空题约6—7个,提示词多为实词。无提示词的填空题约3—4个,无提示词处多考查虚词。
备考
建议 1.在语篇中训练考点,加强语篇分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养。在真实的交际场景中进行词汇、语法知识的学习和应用。
2.加强背诵。动词的不规则变化、非谓语动词的形式、词形间的相互转换、单词的正确拼写等必须记牢记准。
3.坚定文化自信,平时多关注体现中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化和爱国主义的文章。
语言使用
知识层面
Form
Usage
Meaning
英语课程标准中对语法知识内容要求
词法
词的形态变化
(名词的数、格,动词的时态等)
句法
句子的结构
(句子的成分、语序、种类等)
有提示词
(6-7个) 动词 谓语动词;非谓语动词;词性转换;固定搭配
名词 单复数;所有格;词性转换
形容词 比较级/最高级;词性转换;反义词
副词 比较级/最高级;词性转换;反义词
代词 主格、宾格、形代、名代、反代
数词 基数词(单复数)、序数词
无提示词
(3-4个) 冠词 定冠词(the)与不定冠词(a/an)
介词 基本用法;常见搭配
连词 并列连词;从属连词
代词 人称代词;物主代词;反身代词;指示代词;不定代词;指代上文事物;形式主语 / 宾语(it);强调句型(it、that)
2018年全国1卷70题give it a try,it指代上文的running
2018年浙江6月 58题 it做形式主语
语法填空考点知识框
解题策略
语法填空“套路”分析
实词
词性
虚词
名词
动词
形容词/副词
代词it等
冠词
介词
连词
引导词
as
有提示词
无提示词
(纯空格)
实词
1. 语法填空有___个空,一般________个给词,_________个不给词(即纯空格)。
2.给词空主要考查的是_____、______、_______、______、还有少量___________和____________。
3.纯空格上主要考查的是_____、______、_______、______、还有少量___________和____________。
语法填空解题技巧速查表一了解语法填空
10
6-7
3-4
动词
名词
形容词
副词
人称代词
数词
介词
冠词
连词
代词
副词
助动词
1.主要分析三个方面:词性(加词缀)、词形(变形)、逻辑(反义词缀)
给词空的分析思路
2.动词的基本分析思路
动词
填动词
不填动词
谓语动词(动词作谓语)
非谓语动词(动词不作谓语)
时态 :看时间状语;别的动词;语境语义
语态 :看动词与主语之间的主被动关系
主谓一致:看主语是单数还是复数
to do
done
doing
变名词
变形容词
+ed, ing,ive,able等
+tion, ment, ing, ance,er等
3.名词的基本分析思路
名词
填名词
不填名词
复数+s/es
名词所有格+’s
变形容词
+ful, al, ous,y等
4.形容词的基本分析思路
形容词
填形容词
不填形容词
比较级+er
反义词:un-,im-, in-, dis-等
最高级+est
变副词+ly
变名词+ness,ity, y, th等
变动词+en等
5.副词的基本分析思路:变比较级或最高级
6.代词的基本分析思路
人称代词
表示“某人的”
表示“某人”
空格后有名词
空格后无名词
填形容词性的物主代词:my,our,your,
his, her, its, their
填名词性的物主代词:mine,ours,yours, his, hers, its, theirs
动词前后人称一样,用反身代词: myself, ourselves,yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves
动词前后人称不一样,用宾格:me,us,you, him, her, it, them
7.数词的基本分析思路:变复数或序数词。
动作(动词)
1. 可以独立完成的动作
Michael sleeps.
主语+不及物动词
2. 有1个动作的承受者
Michael likes you.
主语+ 及物动词+宾语
3. 有2个动作的承受者
I teach you English.
主语+双及物动词+间宾+直宾
4. 有1个动作的承受者(但需补充)
单
I consider you smart.
主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾补
5. 非“动作”
Michael is in the room.
连系动词
Michael is tall.
主语+系动词+表语
SV
SVO
SVOO
SVOC
SVP
Michael looks tall.
实义动词
动词的分类
助动词
情态动词
系动词
非实义动词
及物 vt.
不及物 vi.
1. 实义动词:
① 及物动词 vt.
及物动词后面必须跟宾语,句子才能够完整
e.g. I have a book.
I buy a dictionary.
②不及物动词 vi.
不及物动词本身意义完整,后面无须跟着宾语的实义动词。
e.g. My watch stopped.
I run.
如果不及物动词后面要加宾语,必须要加介词
e.g. Yes, I agree.
Yes, I agree with you.
动宾和介宾的来源!!
1、五感:指的是五个表示五官感官动词,look看、sound听、 smell闻、taste尝、feel感觉,摸起来。
2、四变:四个表示变化的动词,become变成、turn变得、
get变得、grow变得。
3、三保持:三个表示保持的动词,keep保持、stay 保持
remain 仍然是。
4、二特殊:两个特殊动词,be是、seem似乎。
2.1系动词的功能主要是把表语和它的主语联系在一起
2. 非实义动词
2.2 助动词(be, have, do, will ):无词义,帮助动词构成构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问等。
2.非实义动词
助动词 变化形式 例句 功能
be am,is,are,was,were等 I am studying grammar.
They were watching TV at that time. 帮助构成进行时态
He is hired by the company. 帮助构成被动语态
do does,did He doesn't know her at all. 帮助实义动词构成否定
Do you like English? 帮助实义动词构成疑问
have have, has, had I have studied English for 3 years. 帮助构成完成时态
will will,would I will go to the Beijing. 帮助构成将来时态
注意:三个助动词be, do和have,同时也可以用作实义动词。而作为助动词或实义动词,它们在词义和谓语中的作用这两方面是完全不同的。
例句 特征 词性及作用
be I am a student.
be 单独使用,后面没有动词的其他形式 系动词;用作谓语
I am studying grammar. be doing(后面有动词的其他形式) 助动词;帮助动词构成时态
Many trees are planted by Xiaoming. be done(后面有动词的其他形式) 助动词;帮助动词构成被动语态
注意:三个助动词be, do和have,同时也可以用作实义动词。而作为助动词或实义动词,它们在词义和谓语中的作用这两方面是完全不同的。
例句 特征 词性及作用
have I have an apple. have 单独使用,后面没有动词的其他形式 实义动词;用作谓语
I have learned English for 10 years. have done (后面有动词的其他形式) 助动词;帮助动词构成完成时态
do I often do my homework at home. do 单独使用,后面没有动词的其他形式 实义动词;用作谓语
I don’t like swimming. 后面有动词的其他形式 助动词;帮助动词构成否定
3. 情态动词——照妖镜
从词义的角度来看,情态动词有别于助动词。情态动词有其自身的词汇意义,如用来表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力、怀疑等等,以表示说话者对某种行为或状态的看法或态度。
从在谓语中的作用这一角度来看,与助动词一样,情态动词在句中不能单独作句子的谓语,而必须和实义动词一起构成复合谓语。
英文中的情态动词主要有下列10个:
can/could, may/might, shall/should, will/would, must和had better
① You can come to my birthday party.
② Tom can finish the work by himself.
动词是历年高考的必考点,对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的变化形式比较多,有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和主谓一致)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、现在分词和过去分词)和词性转换。
考纲解读
02
01
03
04
识别谓语的形态
谓语的解题方法
判断设空是谓语或非谓语
巩固练习
CONTENTS
策略
语法填空
无提示词
有提示词
1个必考点:连词
2个常考点:冠词,介词。
3个可考点:助动词,情态动词,连接性副词
此外,强调句型中的It和that、作形式主语和形式宾语的it、人称代词的主格以及不定代词和限定词等。
常考点:形容词、副词比较级和最高级,名词的复数形式,名词性从句
必考点:谓语动词,非谓语动词,词类转换。
必考点:定语从句(引导词的使用)
有提示词
有提示词
v.
n.
pron.
adv.
adj.
谓语
单复数, 所有格(’s)
比较级与最高级
人称代词、形容词性物主代词、
名词性物主代词、反身代词
词性变换
词义变换
语态(主动、被动)
时态
主谓一致
非谓语
to do 表将来;表目的
doing 表进行;表主动、正在发生
done 表完成;表被动、发生过的动作
有提示词
提示词为动词
动词的变化是语法填空题中的考查重点,通常有三种考查形式:谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、主谓一致)、非谓语动词和词的派生。
有提示词
给出了动词的试题解题思路
首先,一个简单的句子要且只有有一个谓语动词,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,按照以下两点进行思考:
若句子没有连词和引导词,则该句子只有一个谓语动词,再出现动词,只能用___________;
如果句子有连词或引导词,则可以有__________个动词,其他用_________。
若是谓语动词:__________________________________
人称(即单复数形式)、时态、语态。
非谓语动词
连词数+1
非谓语动词
①(2024年新高考IⅠ卷·58) Some of the things that Tang was writing_____________(be)
about Shakespeare’s concerns.
①(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·58)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ____________(be)previously unprotected...
②(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·61)You can't help wondering how hard it ___________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
③(2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
一般过去时
一般过去时
现在完成时
技巧1:慧眼识别时间标志词: 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
一般过去时
判断谓语动词的时态
1.看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually,every day, once a week 等要用_______________.
2. 看到yesterday, last night , the other day,years ago,just now,in+过去年份/年代/朝代,时间段+ago等要用_______________.
3. 看到since+时间点, so far, up to now ,in/over/during the past/last few years, in recent years,recently, ever since等要用_______________.
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在完成时
总结1:常考时态及其标志性时间状语:
判断谓语动词的时态
① (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river.
② (2020年江苏卷改变) There, he not only did well as a student but also _________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.
总结2:常用并列连词速记
and,but,or, neither...nor...,not only...but aslo...等,同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语动词时态一般要保持一致。
一般过去时
一般过去时
技巧2:瞻前顾后找并列
判断谓语动词的时态
技巧3:认真体会辩语境
①(2021年全国甲卷)We ___________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
②(2020年全国I卷)"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67.________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68.________ (construct)"
一般过去时
一般现在时
一般现在时
总结3:如果分析句子结构,发现没有时间标志词和其它提示词时,可以看上下文谓语动词的时态,空格处的谓语动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。
判断谓语动词的时态
技巧4:常用句式记心间
① (2022年新高考II卷)Henry ___________(fix) his car when he heard the screams.
②(2017天津高考卷)I ____________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
③It is the first time that I __________________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
④(2021·梧州一模)I say to him with a cheerful smile,“Go to exercise and you_________ (feel) better.”
⑤(2021·济宁模考)Therefore, it is high time that we________________________(take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
总结4:常用句式速记:
1. sb was/were doing sth when sb did. . . 某人正在做某事这时突然...
2. This/It/That is/was the first/second. . .time that sb have/had done. . . 某人第...次做某事
3.祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时
4. It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth 是某人应做某事的时候了 (虚拟语气)
一般将来时
现在完成时
过去进行时
过去进行时
一般过去时/should+动词原形
判断谓语动词的时态
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by 动作的发出者)”构成,be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化(以动词do为例)列表如下:
状态
时间 一般 进行 完成
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/ have been done
过去 was/ were done was/ were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done
被动语态的基本用法
❶不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
The fish are thrown into the basket.
鱼被扔进了篮子里。
❷为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
要求参观者不可触摸展品。
All the employees are encouraged to work online at home.
所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。
注意:不能用被动语态的特殊动词
①所有的不及物动词(短语),如happen, disappear, fail, die, come true 等
②表示归属类的动词,如have, own, belong to 等
③表示“希望、意图”的动词,如wish, want, hope, like, love 等
1.(2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP ________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and ...
2.(2022年全国甲卷)In the last five years. Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents...
3.(2021.1浙江卷)and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________ (consider) healthy.
4.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was sure he would _____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
被动语态
主动语态
判断谓语动词的语态
被动语态
总结:主语和谓语动词是主动关系,用主动语态;若是被动关系则用被动语态(结构:be done)
被动语态
1.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·58)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______(be)previously unprotected...
2.(2020年全国卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers________(carry) special significance. They represent the earth...
3. (2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers , ______(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
4.Not only the children but also their father______(move) deeply by the moving story at that time.
复数
单数
单数
意义一致原则:单数名词/不可数名词/to do 不定式/动名词doing/不定代词/主语从句作主语一般表单数概念,谓语动词用单数;定语从句从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致
就远一致原则:主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to 等时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致
就近一致原则:由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
单数
主谓一致三原则
1.Tense
2.Voice
3.Agreement
慧眼识别时间标志词
瞻前顾后找并列
认真体会辩语境
常用句式记心间
判断与主语之间关系(主/被动)
1)意义一致原则
2)就远一致原则
3)就近一致原则
The predicate
谓语动词解题方法
summary
有提示词
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。
若是非谓语动词则:
Ving形式表:________________________
Ved形式表:________________________
To do形式表:________________________
主动,进行
被动,完成
主动,将来,也作目的状语、
结果状语及形容词后的状语
介
连
连
先分辨出句子的类型,再确认以下句子的设空处是谓语还是非谓语。
① I just_______(have)my first maths class at senior high school.
② He stood there and_______(wait)for his mother.
③ He stood there,_______(wait)for his mother.
④ If you_______(turn)to the left,you'll find the post office.
⑤ He told that he_____(come) from Shanghai.
⑥ With time_______(go)by,he came to understand what his teacher had told him.
连
谓语
谓语
非谓语
非谓语
谓语
谓语
简单句
并列句
复合句
简单句
复合句
①
分辨句子类 型
并列句
复合句
②
寻找设空
所在________
简单句
简单句
有谓语
无谓语
有谓语
无谓语
【2022·全国卷I】______ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
非谓语
谓语
设空为________
设空为______
非谓语
谓语
设空为________
设空为______
非谓语
谓语
Conclusion
简单句
连
【2022·全国甲卷】Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro...
谓语
①
分辨句子类 型
并列句
复合句
②
寻找设空
所在________
简单句
简单句
有谓语
无谓语
有谓语
无谓语
设空为________
设空为______
非谓语
谓语
设空为________
设空为______
非谓语
谓语
Conclusion
并列句
连
【2020·全国卷I】"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67.________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68._____________ (construct)."
连
谓语
谓语
①
分辨句子类 型
并列句
复合句
②
寻找设空
所在________
简单句
简单句
有谓语
无谓语
有谓语
无谓语
设空为________
设空为______
非谓语
谓语
设空为________
设空为______
非谓语
谓语
Conclusion
复合句
“非谓语”秒杀技
肥
判断考点为非谓语动词
找到逻辑主语
判断主被动
判断为了,目的
猪
被
喂
________(stand) there quietly, he didn’t say any word.
动词
say
有主语
形式完整
stand
谓语?
非谓语?
谓语
非谓语
例
被:判断主被动
________(stand) there quietly, he didn’t say any word.
例
被
他站?
他被站?
Standing
猪
主:找到逻辑主语
he
Eric came back, ________(follow) by Helen
动词
came
有主语
形式完整
follow
谓语?
非谓语?
谓语
非谓语
例
动词变名词
动词变形容词
词性转换:当提示词为动词时
有提示词
1.作表语,定语或补语,通常用形容词形式
He put in a hard day at work today, who is really ______ (tire).
tired
2.在冠词、形容词性物主代词后,或“冠词+形容词”后,用名词形式
You reward your children because of their _____ (succeed) .
success
3.修饰动词、形容词、或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式
①__________(Fortunate), he picked up from this accident.
②By running every day, you can reduce the illness_______ ( helpful)
helpfully
Fortunately
有提示词
提示词为名词
名词变复数的规则变法有几种?规律是什么?需要注意哪些?常见的不规则名词变复数有哪些?
思考
(1)在词尾直接加-s,例如:mouth→mouths, house→houses
(2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es,例如:glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes
(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,把y改成i,再加-es,例如:country→countries, factory→factories
(4)以-o结尾的名词,除了hero,potato,tomato,negro加-es外,其余全部加-s。注意:为方便记忆,我们学过以o结尾的单词变复数时既可以加s又可以加es的,通通归类成直接在词尾加s,例如:volcano,mosquito......
(5)以-f,-fe结尾的名词,把f或fe改为v,再加-es。wife→wives, wolf→wolves。注意:部分以-f,-fe结尾的名词,变复数时直接加-s,例如: roof→roofs, belief→beliefs。
名词变形容词构词规律
后缀 例词
-y luck→lucky,sun→sunny,noise→noisy,ice→→icy
-ful help→helpful;colour→colourful
-ous danger→dangerous;humour→humorous
-ce变为-t difference-different, confidence→confident
-al nation→national;person→personal;tradition→traditional
-ly love→lovely,day→daily
-en wood→wooden
其他变化 history→historic;energy→energetic,science→scientific;fool→foolish
返回目录
提示词为形容词、副词
返回目录
形容词变副词的规律是什么?需要注意哪些?
思考
(1)直接加-ly,例如:final-finally,extreme-extremely,exact-exactly...
(2)辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y改成i,再加ly,例如:happy-happily,easy-easily.....
(3)去e类:①去e加-y:以-ple,-ble结尾的形容词,把e去掉,再加-y,例如:probable-probably,possible-possibly,impossible-impossibly,simple-simply,able-ably,comfortable-comfortably,stable-stably,terrible-terribly,unbelievable-unbelievably.....gentle-gently(温和地)
②去e加-ly,2个,如:true-truly,whole-wholly
(4)以-ll结尾,只加-y,如:full-fully,dull-dully(枯燥无味地)
(5)以-ic结尾,加-ally,如:basic-basically,energetic-energetically,automatic-automatically,optimistic-optimistically,pessimistic-pessimistically,scientific-scientifically
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律是什么?需要注意哪些?
思考
形容词、副词比较等级的构成
原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和部分双音节 一般在词尾加er / est tall
short taller
shorter tallest
shortest
以不发音字母e结尾的,在词尾加r或st nice
late nicer
later nicest
latest
重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母,再加er / est big
thin
fat bigger
thinner
fatter biggest
thinnest
fattest
以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的变y为i,再加er / est early
funny earlier
funnier earliest
funniest
部分双音节词和多音节词 在词前加more / most interesting
beautiful more interesting
more beautiful most interesting
most beautiful
原级 比较级 最高级
many/much more most
good/well better beat
bad/badly/ill worse worst
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder older/elder
有提示词
提示词为代词
有提示词
提示词为数词
数词分为基数词和序数词。提示词为数词时,根据句意及语境,一般情况下是基数词和序数词的相互转化,或者基数词变复数,基数词先变成序数词再变复数(表示分数,当分母时)。注意:当给出的提示词为one时,答案可能是first或者once;当给出的提示词two时,答案可能是second或者twice,具体填哪个看语境句意。
典例示范1
Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the _________(six) century B.C.
[2023·全国甲卷]
答案和解析:
sixth 考查数词。此处表示公元前6世纪,且其前有定冠词the,
century(世纪)前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
it
引导词
连词
介词
as
冠词
无提示词
无提示词
无提示词
(纯空格)
冠词
介词
连词
as
定冠词:the(特指)
不定冠词: a/an(泛指)
看搭配
and, but, or, so, however, therefore……
that, which, who, what, whose, whom, why, where, when, how……
连接并列两个及以上成分,前后要一致(词形和数)
引导词(从句)
it
as和it常用于固定搭配/用法/句式中
无提示词
STEP
02
是否连接2个句子
1.是:
2.否:
连词
冠词
冠介连关代
关系词
介词
两个句子完整。优先考虑and和but
后面句子不完整。
定从
宾从
名词后:who/that/which
动词后:what
单数可数名词前、主语名词前设空
固定搭配,看前面动词或后面名词
59
无提示词
冠词
ming qiu (m) -
冠词的考点有哪些?如何判断纯空格处要填冠词? 平时记忆中要注意什么?
思考
公式1:冠词+形容词+名词+of或者冠词+名词+of
(一定要把目光放远一些,看成一个整体);
公式2:冠词+名词
依据:纯空格后面的名词前无限定词;常考的固定搭配
注意:可数名词要么以复数的形式存在,否则前面一定要有
冠词来修饰。即当可数名词以单数的形式存在,纯空格处考
虑填冠词。
平时记忆中要注意哪些名词前用a,哪些用an.
冠 词
不定冠词
零冠词
a
an
用在以辅音音素开头的单数名词前
用在以元音音素开头的单数名词前
1. 表示泛指, 第一次提到的人或物。
2. 表示泛指某一类或事物中的任何一个。
3. 度量单位前,如时间、速度、价格,表示“每一个”。
4. 表示“一”,数的概念没one强
5. 用在序数词前,表“又一,再一”。
用法
an English book
a horse
twice a day
I bought a watch yesterday.
a third glass
1. 人名、地名,国名等专有名词前。
2. 不可数名词和名词复数前不加冠词。
3. 物质名词和抽象名词前不加冠词。
4. 年、季节、月、星期、日期、节
假日前不加冠词。
China, Mary, Shanghai
happiness, schools
water, politeness
in 2024, in spring
on Sunday
5. 固定搭配
face to face, one by one, from time to time
a student
an apple
冠 词
定冠词
1.表示特指或上文提到的人或事物。
2.用在说话双方都知道的人或事物前。
3.表示世界上独一无二的事物。
4. 用在西洋乐器名词前。
5.用在方位名词前。
6.用在序数词前强调次序。
7.用在比较级的两个句型:
①“ the +比较级,the +比较级”意为“越……越……”
②“the +比较级+ of +两者”意为“两者中,一方较……”
8.在形容词、副词最高级前或only、same等词的修饰词前。
9. 用在某些形容词或分词前,表示具有这一特点的一类人
或事物。
10.用在姓氏前表示—家人或夫妇俩。
无提示词
连词
无提示词
介词
在对介词的考查中,要注意介词在固定搭配中的使用,而且介词之后一定要有成分作其宾语。通常情况下,名词、代词和动名词在句子中如果不是充当句子的主语或宾语,那么其很有可能充当介词的宾语,其前面应该填一个介词。
介词的考点有哪些?如何判断空格处要填介词?
思考
公式:介词 +名词/代词宾格/动名词 (介词+n/v-ing+O)
依据:空格后这些词在句中不做主语,表语,也不做动词的宾语时.
无提示词
从句引导词
首先先判断所填空格处的句子是不是主从复合句,去找谓语,看有几个谓语,然后再分析空格处所填单词做什么成分,再选择适当的从句引导词。近几年来,语法填空中主要侧重考查定语从句和名词性从句的用法。
返回目录
返回目录
无提示词
名词性从句和特殊句式
名词性从句:
从句 引导词 是否可以省略 引导词的位置 特别说明
主语
从句 从属连词:
that, whether
连接代词:who, whom, whose, what,
which, whatever,
whoever, whomever
连接副词:when,
where, why, how 全不省略 句首或句末 ①that只起引导句子的作用,没有实际意义
②从句语序均为陈述语序
宾语
从句 仅that可省略(句中以it作形式宾语或从句用虚拟语气时除外) 动词或
介词之后
表语
从句 全不省略 系动词之后
同位语
从句 全不省略 名词之后
特殊句式:包括强调句、倒装句、省略句、“祈使句+and或or+陈述句”结构等。
什么情况下,定语从句中只能用that,不能用which?
思考
1. 当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,(something 除 外 ),few ,all,none时,或者是由any,every,all,some few,much,each 等修饰时;
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时:
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时:
This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
4. 当先行词被the very/only/same/last修饰时:
This is the very good magazine that Ileft on the playground. After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.
什么情况下,定语从句中只能用that,不能用which?
思考
5. 当先行词既有人,又有动物或者物体时:
He talked happily of the things andpersons that he
remembered studying in the school.
6. 当主句是who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句时:
Who is the man that is standing there?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me the most?
7. 当先行词在定语从句中做表语时 :
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10
years ago.
什么情况下,定语从句中只能用which,不能用that?
思考
1. 介词前置时 ,关系代词只能用which:
I attend such activities regularly,from which I benefit a lot.
2 . 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时,只能用which
Bruce doesn't listen to any advice, which makes his mother very annoyed.
无提示词
as
当无提示词(纯空格)考查as的用法时,as常用于固定搭配和固定句式中。牢记as的固定用法。
as的词性
1. as作连词,conj. 意思有:因为;依照;当…时;随着;虽然
2. as作介词,prep. 意思有:作为;当作;以…的身份;如同
3. as作副词,adv. 意思有:同样地;和…一样的
as的用法
用法1:单个as作连词,可以引出各种从句
(1)时间状语从句, as: 当...时My father came home as my mother was cooking dinner.当我妈正在做晚餐的时候,我爸到家了。
(2)原因状语从句,as: 因为As this historical site is of great importance, we will excavate it carefully. 因为这个历史遗迹意义重大,我们将会非常小心地挖掘它。
(3)让步状语从句,as: 尽管/虽然Child as she is, she knows something of computer programming. 尽管她还是个小孩子,但她却了解一些电脑编程的东西。
(4)比较状语从句,as(副词)...as (连词): 正如...一样【此用法中,从句常省略与主句相同的成分】His car is as fast as my car (is). 他的车跟我的车一样快。
(5)方式状语从句,as: 按照,根据;如同,像We must operate as the instruction tells us. 我们必须按照说明书告诉我们的那样去操作。
(6)表语从句,as: 像...那样Things are not always as they seem to be. 事情并不总像表面看起来那样。
(7)插入句,as: 正如...那样The experience, as I see it, is the most valuable thing in your life. 照我看来,这段经历是你人生中最宝贵的东西。
用法2: “as作介词+过去分词短语”,一般构成定语、状语、宾语补语、主语补语、或有省略成分的从句
(1) He hopes we will be able to carry out everything as planned. 他希望我们能按计划行事。(状语)
(2) See the answers as given at the end of this book.请参阅本书末尾给的答案。(定语)
(3) We can think of an atom as made up of a nucleus and electrons.我们可把原子看作是由核子和电子组成的。(宾语补语)
(4) Matter is spoken of as electrically constituted.我们说物质是由带电粒子构成的。(主语补语)
用法3: as用作介词,通常表示“作为,当作”或“如同,像……一样”。例如:
She works as a teacher in our school.(她在我们的学校担任教师。)
She treats me as her own child.(她把我当作自己的孩子对待。)
as a student作为一名学生;as students作为学生
as常用于“as+(adj+)冠词+名词”结构中
as a matter of fact 事实上,其实
as a result 结果,终于,因此
as a result(或 consequence)of...作为结果,由于
as a rule 作为一个常规,通常,习以为常
as a whole 作为一个整体(来看)
as...as possible 尽可能地
as above如上
无提示词
as
当无提示词(纯空格)考查as的用法时,as常用于固定搭配和固定句式中。牢记as的固定用法。
as的词性
1. as作连词,conj. 意思有:因为;依照;当…时;随着;虽然
2. as作介词,prep. 意思有:作为;当作;以…的身份;如同
3. as作副词,adv. 意思有:同样地;和…一样的
无提示词
it
当无提示词(纯空格)填it时,考查it时大多数都是放在固定搭配和固定句式中考查。考查it时,it常用固定搭配和固定句式中作形式主语和形式宾语。
it固定句式
1. It作句子的形式主语,不定式to do作真正主语.
常见结构有:
It + be + n. + to do sth.
It takes/took sb. + time + to do sth.
It + be + adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.
It seems(appers) + adj. + to do sth.
As China is a country that pays great attention to good manners, the food culture is deeply rooted in its history. As a visitor or guest in either a Chinese home ① ______ a restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!
It is really an ② ____________(admire) custom to respect others at table, the aged, teachers and guests ③ __________ (include ),and to take good care of children. Meanwhile, ④ ______ practice of presenting the best food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless ⑤ ____________ (generation).
Although the hosts in China are all friendly, you should also show them respect. Before ⑥_________(start) to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. Guests should not start to eat until the host says, “Everybody, please enjoy ⑦ ____________(you)” or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.
When hosts place dishes on the table, they ⑧ _____________(arrange) the main courses at the center with the side dishes evenly placed around them. When the main dishes ⑨ ______________(prepare) in a decorative form, they will be placed facing major guests and elder people at the table, ⑩ ________also represents virtue.
or
admirable
included
generations
the
starting
yourself
will arrange
are prepared
which
连词的使用
词性的变化
非谓语动词
冠词
词性变化
非谓语动词
反身代词
动词
动词
定语从句
2025年 初升高衔接课程
专题十九
英语
谢谢
聆听
$$