第02讲 高考高频形容词+副词+动词聚焦（专项训练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第02讲 高考高频形容词+副词+动词聚焦 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查形容词 考向02 考查副词 考向03 考查动词 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查形容词 1．He frequently did (volunteer) work during his spare time at university. 2．The (break) glass has been thrown outside. 3．And are listening to and viewing content as (effect) as reading the written word when covering the same material? 4．In my opinion, this project is (benefit) to everyone. 5．I am (relieve) to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think. 6．Given the (astonish) potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future. 7．In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the (surround) environment. 8．In the past few years, online learning has become a (significance) part of the university and college experience. 9．When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my (desire) research direction. 10．We all admired their (persevere) hard work. 11．We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them (wake). 12．A couple of years ago filmmaker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were (attach) to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. 13．In spite of his desire to say something (cheer), he could get nothing out but a shamefaced smile. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Besides sitting on the grass and tasting delicious soft drinks, we will enjoy a great number of excellent, impressive and (entertain) performances. 15．A huge lake of (salt) water appears to be buried deep in Mars, scientists reported this week. 16．Sydney Trains is one of the most economical, reliable and (convenience) ways to travel throughout Sydney and the surrounding area. 17．I never thought that a little help would turn out to be the most (satisfy) thing I have ever done. 18．The boy is seriously to video games and he finds them very . (addict)  19．I always read, using (differ) voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice. 20．Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for (base) checkups. 21．Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite (impress). 22．We have a lot of (respect) people around us. 23．A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a (reward) experience. 24．You’ll soon find that the (much) patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations. 25．In addition to learning about my chosen field, I had the opportunity to immerse myself in Chinese traditions, sample the country’s delicious cuisines and explore the country’s many (history) landmarks and attractions. 26．The phrase is associated with the remarkably distinctive light-colored jackets and lovely hats that tourists from southern China typically wear when traveling to the north, as well as their relatively (short) figure compared with local’s. 27．Digital Dunhuang involves the use of modern technology such as 3D scanning and virtual reality (VR) to create digital copies of the caves and their (price) contents. 28．While the cards might seem like a (harm) pastime, they expose children to tobacco brands and smoking behavior at a vulnerable age, potentially leading to lifelong consequences. 29．During the Spring and Autumn Period, there appeared copper coins in the shape of a knife, spade and circle but they were (cost)and hard to produce. 30．Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send (target) messages. 31．This style calls for practitioners to stay (relax) while fighting, allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility. 32．The game’s premium production and authentic English subtitles help accurately convey the emotions of the (origin) novel. 33．The (represent) group from the Hubei Tea Association brought three types of tea to be enjoyed at the salon: Enshi Yulu, Yihong Black Tea, and Qing-zhuan Tea. 34．By presenting the fine ancient architectural artworks in an approachable manner, Qin ensures that his work will get popular with a (broad) audience than before. 35．Over the past ten years, our country has made (admire) achievements in space exploration. 36．In the background of protecting the (nation) cultural heritage, local government begins to declare them as non-material cultural heritage. 37．I’ve heard that you are a (talent) young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon. 38．I was (ignore) of the fact that the boss could be so strict. 39．The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is (strike), even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. 40．A torch (手电筒) along with (suit) clothing is essential for walking in the dark. 41．Eventually, your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully (dependent) adult. 42．We don’t like to talk with a (distance) person because he always keeps a person at a distance. 43．It was (fortune) enough to escape from being injured in the accident. 44．Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are (poison) to humans. 45．Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors (access) to all. 46．His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, fostering respect for authority, (harmony) relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge. 47．The professor will be to examine specific points that are (confuse) to you. 48．Apart from an (occasion) noise from the elephant’s stomach, the forest was silent. 49．As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by (curiosity) followers how to begin an art journey. 50．Despite its (remote) location, many adventurers still visit this nature reserve every year. 51． (agriculture) development depends largely on scientific research. 52．Future houses will have (automatic) doors, which can recognize the faces of residents. 53．You’d better do some sports every day so that you can keep yourself (energy). 54．Living in a bilingual environment is particularly (benefit) for children’s language development. 55．The company's (office) website provides detailed information about its products. 56．Every job has its frustration. Sometimes the narrow-minded people make me (frustrate). 57．You can rely on Tom to help you out, because he is a (rely) person. 58．It’s unlucky that the rescue team were trapped in the (burn) building. 59．An early-warning system helps us maintain the ecological balance by signaling the (urge) need for taking preventive action. 60．Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better (globe) coverage. 考向02 考查副词 1．For animals their size, ants have been successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior. (astonish) 2．I often deal with customers on the phone and (rare) meet them face to face. 3． (typical), human males are 10 percent taller and 20 percent heavier than females. 4．What is moderation (适度)? (base), it means eating only as much food as your body needs. 5．They are traditionally painted on either cotton or silk, with (loose) woven cotton being the most common. 6．She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, (ultimate) known as Wing Chun now. 7．It asks localities and relevant departments to actively and (public) explore innovative transformation and put new vitality into historical and cultural heritage. 8．Dragons, they say, are (typical) seen as symbols of chaos, described as enemies in Western mythology and literature. 9．I came to understand that the pavilions (凉亭)and towers of Jinci Temple in Shanxi are (true) unique in the history of Chinese architecture. 10．Dragonboat racing has been going on for thousands of years in China, (initial) in honor of the Chinese water dragon deity (神) in an effort to call down rain and avoid misfortune and disaster. 11．The game showcases China’s rich cultural heritage, and its success boosts the Chinese game developers’ confidence in (domestic) produced cultural content. 12．Feeling motivated, I started running (regular), but then two things happened. 13．I’d like to apologize for behaving (rude) at your party last night. 14．I (confident) say that if you make hay while the sun shines, your dream will come true. 15．People like her live among us, not differing conspicuously (明显地) from those who (instinctive) settle their affairs and figure out (precise) how, given their looks, their abilities, and their environment, they can do what they need to do in the world. 16． (actual), it does start with you — if you want to change the world, change yourself. 应用文（演讲稿） 17．As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re (increasing) being sighted by humans. 18．Soon after moving to Switzerland, I threw a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up (exact) on time. 19．I was caught in the heavy rain and (consequent) I was late. 20．I (firm) believe that you are bound to lead an ideal life with your consistent efforts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21． (addition), you can get a participant list and some meeting information. 22．The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most (power) through the objects they made. 23．By taking exercise regularly, I have grown healthy not only physically, but also (mental) in the past few years. 24．To keep his job, he (willing) got out of some bad habits. 25．He is (wide) regarded as the most skilful politician of France. 26．Education is (vital) important for our country’s future. 27．The system was clearly not functioning smoothly or (transparent). 28．Married women have (tradition) been treated as dependent on their husbands. 29．He is (temporary) acting for her, because she has a bad cough. 30．We’ll do it by ourselves. (similar), they won’t depend on others. 31．I was (slight) embarrassed when he pointed out my shortcoming. 32．I’m sorry, it was (pure) my misunderstanding. 33．Though in her teens, the girl can’t use chopsticks (proper). 34．We’d better talk about this matter (private) to find a better solution. 35．They had warned me (previous) but I didn’t pay attention to it. 36．The doctor asked the patient to tell him more (precise) where the pain was. 37．This project has been deleted (permanent) because of its drawbacks. 38．The truck driver is only (part) responsible for the accident. 39．Hard work does not (necessary) lead to success in this work. 40．He is always (neat) dressed when he shows up in the office. 41．I (narrow) escaped being run over by the truck. It was really lucky. 42．You can drive on this road (legal) without being fined. 43．The moment the telephone rang, she rushed out (instant). 44．The thief (hurry) ran away when he heard someone cough. 45．He said (desperate) that the other team was too strong. 46．I’m (awful) sorry for the mistake I’ve made. 47．I’m (terrible) sorry that I left your book in the apartment last night. 48．The pickpocket took the old woman’s purse (swift). 49．The price was (surprise) low. I doubt if it is a good thing. 50．They got married (secret) without letting any of their relatives know it. 考向03 考查动词 一、完成句子 1．由于缺少工具，我们别无选择只能找人来修理这台机器。（“have + 宾语 + 宾补”结构） For lack of tools, we have no choice but to . 2．Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, , and boosts local economies and communities. 旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区发展。 3．在长期的发展过程中，少数民族之间形成了各不相同的风俗习惯。 In the long-term development, the ethnic groups . 4．Would you like to yourself （与……比较） your sister? 5．To his surprise, he didn’t (注意到钱包被人偷) on the bus. 6．You are no longer a little child, . 你不再是小孩子了，所以该你做最后的决定了。 7．What made him happy was that after all these years he at last (还清所有债务). 8．总而言之，我的责任感会使我成为一个合格的志愿者。(名词作宾补) All in all, my sense of responsibility will . 9．Night was approaching and the hooting of the owl . 夜幕降临，猫头鹰的叫声让我们脊背发凉。 10．全校师生积极参与了这次越野赛跑。 All the teachers and students the cross-country running race. 11．博物馆培训科学家与学生合作，并为他们提供为期一年的由科学家指导的研究机会。（offer） The museum trains its scientists to work with students and . 12．即使我不会把追求作为我的人生事业，我仍然会把继续学习和弹钢琴作为我的爱好。 , I will still make it my hobby to continue learning and playing the piano. 13．The reward   , and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. 这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。 14．他正要去会场，突然想起会议已经延期到下周了。（occur） He go to the meeting that the meeting had been postponed to the next week. 15．越来越多的人开始重视经济与环境的均衡发展。(attach) people begin to between economy and environment. 16．学习了一段时间之后，你应当起来活动活动。 After studying for some time, you ought to get up and . 17．班主任要求所有学生把教室打扫得整洁又干净。（make） The headteacher asked all the students to tidy and clean. 18．使他父母生气的是他总是熬夜看小说。（what） was that he always stayed up reading novels. 19．用更好、更现实的想法取代不好的想法，快乐的情绪就会随之而来。 the bad thoughts better, and more realistic ones and happier emotions would follow. 20．很难想象他们在如此短的时间内梦想成真了。 It is hard to imagine that they within such a short time. 二、翻译 21．只有在回顾每一堂课和每一句鼓励的话时，他才意识到老师在他的性格中埋下了多么深刻的影响。(汉译英) 22．就是这次旅行改变了我，给了我全新的生活。(汉译英) 23．正是这种独特的经历使我理解了无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心。(汉译英) 24．任何人仅凭记单词是不可能考出好成绩的，更不用说具有和外国人交流的能力了。 (only) 25．周围有些人在闲聊，我发现我很难集中精力于学业上。(find) I with some people having small talks around me. 26．正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了游客对民俗文化的兴趣。(generate) 27．遍布全世界的年轻人全都自告奋勇去用自己的知识和技能帮助他人。(volunteer) 28．当地政府已经发起了一项活动来促进垃圾分类。(campaign) 29．在青少年的成长过程中，父母应当对他们言传身教，确保他们身心健康发展。 (make sure) 30．我很幸运在我的生活中有这么一位好的英语老师。我相信，如果没有她的帮助，我现在的英语学习可能还很困难。 题型一 阅读理解 1 （2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something. Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself. In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy. You can bring your own containers, though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are sanitized (消毒过的) glass or plastic containers, free for the taking. Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the store doesn’t try to compete on price. For example, popcorn with paper package at a regular store may cost 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a customer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even so, zero-waste shopping can still come with savings. Take products that typically come packaged in large containers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part of the traditional cost would be in that glass jar. Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in sanitized containers, which are collected with the next round of deliveries. Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles. 24．Brianne Miller was inspired to start her business by the fact that ______. A．food packaging generated tons of waste B．plastic litters posed a threat to marine life C．people formed the bad habit of wasting food D．lots of food produced worldwide went to waste 25．Which of the following can best describe Miller? A．Brave and cautious. B．Caring and humorous. C．Creative and determined. D．Optimistic and thoughtful. 26．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A．Miller thinks her efforts worthwhile. B．Miller stopped her business during the pandemic. C．Nada suffered serious losses because of the pandemic. D．Containers were recycled during the pandemic to save money. （2025·北京朝阳·六校联考）The artificial intelligence (AI) sector has oscillated between enthusiasm and skepticism in recent years. Tech giants including Alphabet, Amazon, and Microsoft collectively poured nearly 200 billion into AI infrastructure in 2024 alone, surpassing the GDP of nations like Hungary or New Zealand. Nvidia, dominating the AI-chip market, witnessed its valuation skyrocket to 3.4 trillion as chip sales doubled — a growth rate three times faster than the semiconductor industry average. Meanwhile, server providers like Dell reported unprecedented demand, with AI server shipments jumping 78% year-on-year, signaling AI’s transformative potential across industries from drug discovery to autonomous driving. Yet beneath the surface, challenges loom. Training advanced AI models consumes staggering energy — equivalent to powering 15 million US households annually — raising concerns about long-term viability (可持续性). In regions like Ireland, data centers already consume 18% of national electricity, straining aging power grids. Server manufacturers and energy firms struggle to meet data-center demands, with delivery delays for AI-optimized servers extending to 48 weeks in 2024. Critics argue that current investments mirror past tech bubbles: the $200 billion AI infrastructure spending represents 65% of the 1999 dot-com bubble’s peak investment adjusted for inflation. Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity to revolutionize healthcare—such as cutting cancer drug development time from 10 years to 18 months — justifies short-term costs.” However, opponents counter that profit-driven corporations prioritize market dominance over ethical considerations, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics board disbandment as evidence. Amid these mounting pressures, competition is going to further complicates the landscape of AI development. Upstart (新兴的) firms like UK-based Graphcore and China’s Cambricon challenge industry leaders by creating compact, energy-efficient AI tools. For instance, startups now offer specialized chips such as Graphcore’s IPU (Intelligence Processing Unit) at 40% lower costs than Nvidia’s products, democratizing access to AI technology. This fragmentation mirrors the 1980s PC market shakeup, where IBM’s dominance was eroded by agile competitors. Investors, initially infatuated with AI’s promise, grow wary of over-commitment. A recent McKinsey survey revealed 62% of shareholders believe AI firms must clarify their financial strategies within two years, a demand intensified by OpenAI’s $540 million quarterly losses despite ChatGPT’s success. In addition, the environmental effects make it increasingly urgent to tackle this challenge head-on. Data centers account for 3% of global electricity use — a figure matching aviation’s carbon footprint — projected to triple by 2030. The International Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI growth could increase global CO₂ emissions by 1.5% annually, undermining climate goals. While companies like Microsoft invest in renewable energy, constructing solar farms to power Arizona data centers, critics demand stricter regulations. The EU’s proposed Artificial Intelligence Act now includes provisions requiring energy transparency for AI systems. Dr. Emily Zhou, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accompanied by robust regulatory measures, AI’s ecological environment risks offsetting its technological advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbon tax initiative targeting data centers — a policy framework to balance industrial progress with environmental management.” As the AI sector grapples with escalating energy consumption, ethical controversies, and speculative investment patterns, the AI industry stands at a crossroads. Its potential to reshape economies is undeniable — PwC estimates AI could contribute $15.7 trillion to global GDP by 2030—but unchecked growth risks ecological harm and market instability. The 2024 global AI Governance Summit highlighted the need for international standards, yet consensus remains elusive. But, the path forward requires both technological breakthroughs and a shift in priorities — making carbon-neutral data centers and transparent AI governance essential, not optional. 31．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of AI spending, the author is ______. A．supportive B．doubtful C．critical D．unconcerned 32．What does the word “infatuated” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged. 33．What can we learn from this passage? A．AI’s environmental costs may reduce its benefits without policy intervention. B．Renewable energy investments can resolve sustainability issues completely. C．Stricter regulations should prioritize ecological protection over market instability. D．Tech companies’ ethical considerations are sufficient to address energy demands. 34．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．AI Investment: Balancing Short-Term Costs and Long-Term Viability B．Data Centers’ Energy Use: The Hidden Crisis Behind AI Development C．When Innovation Breeds Chaos: Why AI Development Must Slow Down D．Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Transformation Amid Emerging Challenges 题型二 语法填空 （2025届北京市第二中学高三下学期4月模拟英语试题）Mount Wuyi is the most outstanding area for biodiversity conservation in south-east China and a place for 36 large number of ancient, relict species, many of them unique 37 China. The breathtaking beauty of the gorges of the Nine Bend River, with its numerous temples, many now in ruins, provided the setting for the development and spread of Confucian- ism, which has been 38 (influence) in the cultures of East Asia since the 11th century. Mount Wuyi was listed as a World Cultural and Natural Heritage Site in 1999 for 39 (it) rich culture for thousands of years, Danxia landform and a wide 40 (various) of animals and plants. Also, it 41 (announce) as the National AAAAA Tourist Area in 2007 and has long been an exciting place for beautiful sightseeing and summer resorts. The natural landscape is combined with a strong humanistic and cultural atmosphere in Mount Wuyi. 42 (take) a bamboo raft and floating down the stream, visitors can enjoy the natural scenery of wonderful mountains and rivers, meet mysterious hanging coffins along the banks of the river, 43 admire the over 2000-year-old Han Dynasty ancient ruins and the academy 44 Zhuxi lectured for 10 years. As tea culture 45 (become) more and more popular in recent years, tea exploration is a reason for more and more people to visit Mount Wuyi. （2023年北京卷）In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________. A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 高考高频形容词+副词+动词聚焦 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查形容词 考向02 考查副词 考向03 考查动词 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查形容词 1．He frequently did (volunteer) work during his spare time at university. 【答案】voluntary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他在大学期间的业余时间经常做志愿工作。空处应填形容词修饰名词work，volunteer的形容词形式是voluntary，意为“自愿的，志愿的”。故填voluntary。 2．The (break) glass has been thrown outside. 【答案】broken 【详解】考查形容词。句意：碎玻璃已经被扔到外面去了。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰名词glass；broken为形容词，表示“破碎的”，符合句意。故填broken。 3．And are listening to and viewing content as (effect) as reading the written word when covering the same material? 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在涉及相同材料时，听和看内容是否和阅读书面文字一样有效？句中as...as...结构用于比较，中间需用形容词或副词原级。此处构成系动词are的系表结构，其后需用形容词作表语。所给词effect为名词，其形容词形式为effective，故填effective。 4．In my opinion, this project is (benefit) to everyone. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在我看来，这个项目对每个人都是有益的。空处应用形容词，作表语；beneficial为形容词，表示“有益的”，符合句意。故填beneficial。 5．I am (relieve) to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think. 【答案】relieved 【详解】考查形容词。句意：得知“酷”这个词的含义比我原先所认为的要广泛得多，我感到十分欣慰。空处应用形容词，作表语；relieved为形容词，表示“宽慰的、放心的”，符合句意。故填relieved。 6．Given the (astonish) potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future. 【答案】astonishing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：鉴于人工智能在改变我们的生活方面具有惊人的潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词potential；astonish的形容词为astonishing“令人惊讶的”，常用来修饰物。故填astonishing。 7．In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the (surround) environment. 【答案】surrounding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，不需要使用污染传统农场和周围环境的杀虫剂和其他化学物质。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词environment；surround的形容词为surrounding“周围的”。故填surrounding。 8．In the past few years, online learning has become a (significance) part of the university and college experience. 【答案】significant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学经历中重要的一部分。根据空后名词part可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，significance的形容词为significant“重要的”，符合题意。故填significant。 9．When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my (desire) research direction. 【答案】desired 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我申请研究生院时，我发现了三个项目，它们都有望让我追随自己想要的研究方向。根据空后research direction可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，desire的形容词desired“想要的，渴望的”，符合题意。故填desired。 10．We all admired their (persevere) hard work. 【答案】persevering 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们都钦佩他们坚持不懈的努力工作。空格处为形容词修饰名词“hard work”，persevere的形容词形式是persevering，意为“坚持不懈的”，符合语境。故填persevering。 11．We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them (wake). 【答案】awake 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们或许得强迫自己唤醒内心的求知欲和不满足感，并让它们持续处于活跃状态。此处是“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，空处使用形容词awake作宾语补足语，故填awake。 12．A couple of years ago filmmaker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were (attach) to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. 【答案】attached 【详解】考查形容词。句意：几年前，电影制片人大卫·邦德意识到，他当时五岁和三岁的孩子们非常沉迷于屏幕，以至于他可以在他三岁的儿子的耳边说“巧克力”，而得不到任何回应。根据空前were和空后to screens可知，固定搭配be attached to“依恋，沉迷于”符合语境，attached 作为形容词，意为 “依恋的、眷恋的、对…… 着迷的”，描述人对某事物的情感状态。故填attached。 13．In spite of his desire to say something (cheer), he could get nothing out but a shamefaced smile. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】cheering/cheerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管他很想说些鼓舞人心/令人高兴的话，但最终只挤出了一个羞怯的微笑。分析句子可知，空处需要一个形容词，作后置定语修饰something，如想说明他想说的内容具有鼓舞人心的特性，可用形容词cheering，意为“鼓舞人心的，振奋人心的”；如想表达他想说些“让人舒服、愉快的话”，可用形容词cheerful，意为“令人愉快，高兴的”。故填cheering/cheerful。 14．Besides sitting on the grass and tasting delicious soft drinks, we will enjoy a great number of excellent, impressive and (entertain) performances. 【答案】entertaining 【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了坐在草地上品尝美味的软饮料，我们还将欣赏到大量精彩、令人印象深刻且有趣的表演。分析句子可知，设空处与前文形容词excellent和impressive并列，修饰空后名词performances，应填形容词作定语，修饰物应用-ing形容词entertaining描述performances本身特性，意为“有趣的”。故填entertaining。 15．A huge lake of (salt) water appears to be buried deep in Mars, scientists reported this week. 【答案】salty 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家本周报告称，火星深处似乎埋藏着一个巨大的咸水湖。修饰名词water，需用形容词salty，作定语。故填salty。 16．Sydney Trains is one of the most economical, reliable and (convenience) ways to travel throughout Sydney and the surrounding area. 【答案】convenient 【详解】考查形容词的用法。句意：悉尼火车是在悉尼及其周边地区旅行最经济、可靠且便捷的方式之一。所给词 convenience是名词，意为“便利”，形容词形式是 convenient，意为“便捷的”，与前面两个形容词“economical (经济的)”、“reliable (可靠的)”构成并列关系，共同修饰名词 ways。故填convenient。 17．I never thought that a little help would turn out to be the most (satisfy) thing I have ever done. 【答案】satisfying 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我从未想过一点小小的帮助会变成我做过的最令人满意的事情。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词thing，再结合句意“令人满意的”是satisfying，符合语境。故填satisfying。 18．The boy is seriously to video games and he finds them very . (addict)  【答案】 addicted addictive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩对电子游戏严重上瘾，而且他觉得游戏非常让人欲罢不能。第一空处应填入形容词addicted作表语，构成固定搭配be addicted to，意为“对……上瘾，沉迷”，说明人的状态。第二空处应填入形容词作宾补，描述电子游戏的特点，此时应用形容词addictive，意为“使人上瘾的，使人着迷的”，描述物。故填①addicted②addictive。 19．I always read, using (differ) voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice. 【答案】different 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我读书时总会用不同的声音，就好像在用我的声音把这些故事演绎出来一样。修饰名词voices，需用形容词different，作定语。故填different。 20．Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for (base) checkups. 【答案】basic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：医生们每天要接待多达150名患者。这列火车上的设备可以进行基础检查。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填形容词来修饰名词“checkups(检查)”，basic，意为“基础的；基本的”，符合语境。故填basic。 21．Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite (impress). 【答案】impressive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉相当令人印象深刻。根据空前的系动词is和副词quite可知，此处需用形容词作表语。impress为动词，意为“给……留下深刻印象”，其形容词形式为impressive，意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。 22．We have a lot of (respect) people around us. 【答案】respectable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们周围有很多值得尊敬的人。修饰名词people用形容词respectable (值得尊敬的、可敬的)，作定语。故填respectable。 23．A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a (reward) experience. 【答案】rewarding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：花几分钟时间浏览一两页可能是一次有益的经历。空处修饰experience，应用形容词。rewarding意为“值得做的，有益的”。故填rewarding。 24．You’ll soon find that the (much) patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations. 【答案】more 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：你很快就会发现，你练习的耐心越多，你就越开始把它应用到其他更烦人的情况中。此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”，所以空处需用much的比较级more。故填more。 25．In addition to learning about my chosen field, I had the opportunity to immerse myself in Chinese traditions, sample the country’s delicious cuisines and explore the country’s many (history) landmarks and attractions. 【答案】historical/historic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了学习我所选择的领域，我有机会沉浸在中国的传统中，品尝这个国家的美味佳肴，探索这个国家的许多历史地标和景点。空处修饰名词landmarks and attractions，应用形容词historical/ historic“历史的”，作定语。故填historical/ historic。 26．The phrase is associated with the remarkably distinctive light-colored jackets and lovely hats that tourists from southern China typically wear when traveling to the north, as well as their relatively (short) figure compared with local’s. 【答案】shorter 【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：这个短语与来自中国南方的游客在前往北方旅行时通常所穿的格外独特的浅色外套和漂亮的帽子有关，同时也与他们相对于当地人的相对较矮的身材有关。根据空后的compared with local’s (与当地人相比)可知，设空处应用形容词比较级的形式shorter，作定语修饰名词figure。故填shorter。 27．Digital Dunhuang involves the use of modern technology such as 3D scanning and virtual reality (VR) to create digital copies of the caves and their (price) contents. 【答案】priceless 【详解】考查形容词。句意：数字敦煌涉及使用现代技术，如3D扫描和虚拟现实（VR），来创建洞穴极其珍贵内容的数字复制品。本空用形容词priceless“极珍贵的”，作定语，修饰名词contents。故填priceless。 28．While the cards might seem like a (harm) pastime, they expose children to tobacco brands and smoking behavior at a vulnerable age, potentially leading to lifelong consequences. 【答案】harmless 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然这些卡片似乎是一种无害的消遣，但它们使儿童在一个脆弱的年龄接触到烟草品牌和吸烟行为，可能导致终身后果。修饰名词pastime，需用形容词作定语，表示“无害的”应用harmless。故填harmless。 29．During the Spring and Autumn Period, there appeared copper coins in the shape of a knife, spade and circle but they were (cost)and hard to produce. 【答案】costly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：春秋时期，出现了刀、铲、圆等形状的铜钱，但成本高，制作难度大。此处位于系动词之后，且与hard是并列关系，应用形容词。costly是以-ly结尾的形容词，意为“成本高的；代价大的”。故填costly。 30．Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send (target) messages. 【答案】targeted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：脸书则试图通过向想要发送有针对性信息的广告商出售数据来赚钱。修饰名词messages，用形容词targeted“有针对性的”，作定语。故填targeted。 31．This style calls for practitioners to stay (relax) while fighting, allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility. 【答案】relaxed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种风格要求练习者在战斗时保持放松，使他们达到一种柔软或灵活的状态。stay在此意为“保持”，是系动词，因此空处作表语，且修饰人，应用形容词relaxed。故填relaxed。 32．The game’s premium production and authentic English subtitles help accurately convey the emotions of the (origin) novel. 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：游戏的优质制作和地道的英文字幕有助于准确传达原著小说的情感。形容词original表“原始的，原作的”，作定语修饰名词novel。故填original。 33．The (represent) group from the Hubei Tea Association brought three types of tea to be enjoyed at the salon: Enshi Yulu, Yihong Black Tea, and Qing-zhuan Tea. 【答案】representative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：来自湖北茶叶协会的代表团带来了三种茶，可以在沙龙上享用：恩施玉露、宜红红茶和青砖茶。修饰名词group用形容词representative作定语，故填representative。 34．By presenting the fine ancient architectural artworks in an approachable manner, Qin ensures that his work will get popular with a (broad) audience than before. 【答案】broader 【详解】考查比较级。句意：通过以平易近人的方式呈现精美的古代建筑艺术品，秦确保他的作品将受到比以前更广泛的观众的欢迎。空处作修饰audience的定语，结合空后的“than before”可知，此处作比较，指“受到比以前更广泛的观众的欢迎”，因此需用形容词broad的比较级形式。故填broader。 35．Over the past ten years, our country has made (admire) achievements in space exploration. 【答案】admirable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在过去十年里，我国在太空探索领域取得了令人倾佩的成就。此处作补足语，表示“令人倾佩的”用形容词admirable，故填admirable。 36．In the background of protecting the (nation) cultural heritage, local government begins to declare them as non-material cultural heritage. 【答案】national 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在保护国家文化遗产的背景下，当地政府开始将它们申报为非物质文化遗产。空处用于修饰名词短语cultural heritage，应使用形容词形式national表示“国家的；民族的”，作定语，national cultural heritage表示“国家文化遗产”。故填national。 37．I’ve heard that you are a (talent) young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon. 【答案】talented 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我听说你是个有才华的年轻女子，我也觉得你既迷人又聪明。我不能马上做出决定，但你很快就会收到我的消息。修饰名词woman用形容词talented，作定语。故填talented。 38．I was (ignore) of the fact that the boss could be so strict. 【答案】ignorant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我不知道老板会这么严厉。空格处用形容词作表语，ignore的形容词是ignorant，意为“无知的，（对某事物）不了解的”，故填ignorant。 39．The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is (strike), even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. 【答案】striking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管美德的相对排名可能因社会群体的历史和环境而异，但不同文化间道德美德的相似性是惊人的。空格处用形容词作表语，strike的形容词是striking。意为“惊人的”。故填striking。 40．A torch (手电筒) along with (suit) clothing is essential for walking in the dark. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在黑暗中行走，手电筒和合适的衣服是必不可少的。此处修饰名词“clothing”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“suit”为动词，意为“适合”，其形容词形式是suitable，意为“合适的”，符合语境。故填suitable。 41．Eventually, your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully (dependent) adult. 【答案】independent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：最终，你的孩子会离开家，作为一个完全独立的成年人过她自己的生活。设空处修饰名词adult作定语，表示“独立的”，应用dependent的反义词independent，故填independent。 42．We don’t like to talk with a (distance) person because he always keeps a person at a distance. 【答案】distant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们不喜欢和冷淡的人交谈，因为这样的人总是会与他人保持一定距离。所填应是形容词，作定语修饰名词“person”，“distance”，名词，意为“距离”，其形容词形式为“distant(遥远的；冷淡的，不友好的)”。故填distant。 43．It was (fortune) enough to escape from being injured in the accident. 【答案】fortunate 【详解】 考查形容词。句意：很幸运，我在事故中没有受伤。根据“to escape from being injured in the accident”可知，此处指没有在事故中受伤是幸运的，应用形容词fortunate“幸运的”作表语。故填fortunate。 44．Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are (poison) to humans. 【答案】poisonous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些食物中有些可能含有对人类有毒的天然物质。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作表语，poisonous，表“有毒的”，符合语境。故填poisonous。 45．Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors (access) to all. 【答案】accessible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：Emmanuel Chappard是一位经验丰富的导游，他热衷于让所有人都能接触到户外自然环境。空处作宾补，表示“可使用的”，为形容词accessible。故填accessible。 46．His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, fostering respect for authority, (harmony) relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge. 【答案】harmonious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的教诲塑造了中国文化的道德和伦理基础，培养了对权威的尊重、和谐的人际关系以及对知识的追求。根据空后relationships可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词relationships；harmony的形容词为harmonious“和谐的”。故填harmonious。 47．The professor will be to examine specific points that are (confuse) to you. 【答案】confusing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：教授将对你感到困惑的具体问题进行检查。空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“points”（要点），说明这些要点的性质。“confusing”表示“令人困惑的”，通常用来修饰事物，指事物本身具有让人困惑的特质。故填confusing。 48．Apart from an (occasion) noise from the elephant’s stomach, the forest was silent. 【答案】occasional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了大象肚子里偶尔发出的声音，森林里一片寂静。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词noise，occasion的形容词形式为occasional，意为“偶尔的”。故填occasional。 49．As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by (curiosity) followers how to begin an art journey. 【答案】curious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：作为一名在社交媒体上分享她的艺术之旅的艺术家，我经常被好奇的粉丝问到如何开始一段艺术之旅。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“followers”（追随者），所给词“curiosity”是名词，意为“好奇心”，其形容词形式“curious”表示“好奇的”，符合语境。故填curious。 50．Despite its (remote) location, many adventurers still visit this nature reserve every year. 【答案】remote 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管地处偏远，每年仍有许多冒险家参观这个自然保护区。此处为形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词location，remote本身就是形容词，意为“偏远的”，remote location表示“偏远地点，地处偏远”，符合句意。故填remote。 51． (agriculture) development depends largely on scientific research. 【答案】Agricultural 【详解】考查形容词。句意：农业的发展在很大程度上依赖于科学研究。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词development；agriculture的形容词为agricultural“农业的”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Agricultural。 52．Future houses will have (automatic) doors, which can recognize the faces of residents. 【答案】automatic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：未来的房子将有自动门，可以识别居民的脸。空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词doors，automatic本身为形容词，意为“自动的”。故填automatic。 53．You’d better do some sports every day so that you can keep yourself (energy). 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你最好每天做一些运动以使自己精力充沛。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处表示“精力充沛的”，应用形容词energetic作宾补。故填energetic。 54．Living in a bilingual environment is particularly (benefit) for children’s language development. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意： 生活在双语环境中对孩子的语言发展尤为有利。此处为形容词作表语，benefit的形容词beneficial 意为“有益的”。故填beneficial 。 55．The company's (office) website provides detailed information about its products. 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司的官方网站提供关于其产品的详细信息。设空处作定语，修饰名词website，应用形容词official，意为“官方的”。故填official。 56．Every job has its frustration. Sometimes the narrow-minded people make me (frustrate). 【答案】frustrated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每份工作都会有让人感到沮丧的时候。有时候那些心胸狭隘的人会让我感到沮丧。作宾补，修饰人，应用形容词frustrated，故填frustrated。 57．You can rely on Tom to help you out, because he is a (rely) person. 【答案】reliable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你可以指望汤姆帮你摆脱困境，因为他是一个可靠的人。设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词person，表示“可靠的”应用reliable。故填reliable。 58．It’s unlucky that the rescue team were trapped in the (burn) building. 【答案】burning 【详解】考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，救援队被困在燃烧的大楼里了。根据It’s unlucky that the rescue team were trapped in可知，此处应用burn的现在分词形式burning作形容词，修饰名词building，表示“燃烧的大楼”。故填burning。 59．An early-warning system helps us maintain the ecological balance by signaling the (urge) need for taking preventive action. 【答案】urgent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：预警系统通过发出紧急需要采取预防性措施的信号，帮助我们维持生态平衡。修饰名词need应用形容词urgent，作定语。故填urgent。 60．Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better (globe) coverage. 【答案】global 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们的研究表明，大量仅作观测记录的数据并没有带来更好的全球覆盖范围。修饰名词coverage用形容词global，作定语。故填global。 考向02 考查副词 1．For animals their size, ants have been successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior. (astonish) 【答案】astonishingly 【详解】考查副词。句意：对于它们这个体型的动物来说，蚂蚁已经取得了惊人的成功，这在很大程度上要归功于它们出色的社会行为。设空处修饰形容词successful，应填副词作状语，astonish的副词形式astonishingly意为“惊人地”，符合语境。故填astonishingly。 2．I often deal with customers on the phone and (rare) meet them face to face. 【答案】rarely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我经常在电话里和客户打交道，很少面对面见到他们。空处修饰动词“meet”，需用副词形式，rare是形容词，意为“稀有的；罕见的”，其副词形式为rarely，意为“很少”，符合语境。故填rarely。 3． (typical), human males are 10 percent taller and 20 percent heavier than females. 【答案】Typically 【详解】考查副词。句意：通常情况下，人类男性比女性高10%，重20%。修饰后文整个句子，需用副词typically，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Typically。 4．What is moderation (适度)? (base), it means eating only as much food as your body needs. 【答案】Basically 【详解】考查副词。句意：什么是适度？基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物。空处需用副词作状语修饰整个句子，base的副词为basically“基本上，大体上”，句首首字母需大写。故填Basically。 5．They are traditionally painted on either cotton or silk, with (loose) woven cotton being the most common. 【答案】loosely 【详解】考查副词。句意：传统上，它们要么画在棉布上，要么画在丝绸上，最常见的是松散编织的棉布。空处修饰形容词woven，应用副词形式。故填loosely。 6．She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, (ultimate) known as Wing Chun now. 【答案】ultimately 【详解】考查副词。句意：她教给Yim一种改良版的少林功夫，其最终被称为咏春拳。修饰动词known应用副词ultimately作状语，故填ultimately。 7．It asks localities and relevant departments to actively and (public) explore innovative transformation and put new vitality into historical and cultural heritage. 【答案】publicly 【详解】考查副词。句意：它要求各地和有关部门积极、公开地探索创新转型，为历史文化遗产注入新的活力。空处应与actively并列，用副词作状语修饰动词explore，public的副词为publicly，意为“公开地”。故填publicly。 8．Dragons, they say, are (typical) seen as symbols of chaos, described as enemies in Western mythology and literature. 【答案】typically 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们说，龙通常被视为混乱的象征，在西方神话和文学中被描述为敌人。本空用副词typically“通常”，修饰动词seen，作状语。故填typically。 9．I came to understand that the pavilions (凉亭)and towers of Jinci Temple in Shanxi are (true) unique in the history of Chinese architecture. 【答案】truly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我开始明白山西晋祠的亭台楼阁在中国建筑史上确实是独一无二的。修饰形容词unique应用副词truly作状语，故填truly。 10．Dragonboat racing has been going on for thousands of years in China, (initial) in honor of the Chinese water dragon deity (神) in an effort to call down rain and avoid misfortune and disaster. 【答案】initially 【详解】考查副词。句意：龙舟竞赛在中国已有数千年的历史，最初是为了纪念中国的水龙神，目的是为了求雨，避免不幸和灾难。介词短语in honor of意为“为了纪念……”，应用副词修饰，在句中作状语，initial意为“最初的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为initially，意为“最初地”。故填initially。 11．The game showcases China’s rich cultural heritage, and its success boosts the Chinese game developers’ confidence in (domestic) produced cultural content. 【答案】domestically 【详解】考查副词。句意：这款游戏展示了中国丰富的文化遗产，它的成功增强了中国游戏开发者对国产文化内容的信心。空处修饰动词produced，应用副词domestically，意为“国内地”。故填domestically。 12．Feeling motivated, I started running (regular), but then two things happened. 【答案】regularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：受到激励后，我开始定期跑步，但随后发生了两件事。此处修饰动词“running”，需用副词作状语，regular为形容词，意为“定期的”，其副词形式是regularly，意为“定期地”，符合语境。故填regularly。 13．I’d like to apologize for behaving (rude) at your party last night. 【答案】rudely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我想为昨晚在你的派对上举止粗鲁而道歉。空格处需要修饰动词“behaving”，而修饰动词需用副词形式。“rude”是形容词，其副词形式为“rudely”，因此填入“rudely”。故填rudely。 14．I (confident) say that if you make hay while the sun shines, your dream will come true. 【答案】confidently 【详解】句意：我满怀信心地说，如果你抓住有利时机行事，你的梦想就会实现。修饰动词say，用提示词的副词形式confidently“自信地”，作状语。故填confidently。 15．People like her live among us, not differing conspicuously (明显地) from those who (instinctive) settle their affairs and figure out (precise) how, given their looks, their abilities, and their environment, they can do what they need to do in the world. 【答案】 instinctively precisely 【详解】考查副词。句意：像她这样的人就生活在我们中间，与那些本能地处理事务，并且根据他们的外貌、能力和环境精确地弄清楚他们如何能够在这个世界上做他们需要做的事情的人没有明显的不同。第一空，空处修饰动词settle，应用副词作状语，instinctive的副词形式为instinctively“本能地，天生的”；第二空，空处修饰动词短语figure out，应用副词作状语，precise的副词形式为precisely“精确地”。故填①instinctively；②precisely。 16． (actual), it does start with you — if you want to change the world, change yourself. 应用文（演讲稿） 【答案】Actually 【详解】考查副词。句意：实际上，它确实是从你开始的——如果你想改变世界，就改变你自己。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词actually“实际上”作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Actually。 17．As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re (increasing) being sighted by humans. 【答案】increasingly 【详解】考查副词。句意：随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个多世纪以来从未出现过的地方，人类越来越多地看到了它们。空格处用副词increasingly作状语，修饰being sighted，increasingly意为“越来越多地”。故填increasingly。 18．Soon after moving to Switzerland, I threw a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up (exact) on time. 【答案】exactly 【详解】考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士不久后，我举办了一场乔迁派对，令我惊讶的是，所有30位宾客竟然都分秒不差地准时出席了。修饰介词短语on time用副词exactly，故填exactly。 19．I was caught in the heavy rain and (consequent) I was late. 【答案】consequently 【详解】考查副词。句意：我被大雨困住了，因此迟到了。分析句子结构可知，此空应填副词consequently，表“因此”。故填consequently。 20．I (firm) believe that you are bound to lead an ideal life with your consistent efforts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】firmly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我坚信，通过你持续不断的努力，你一定会过上理想的生活。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用副词firmly，修饰动词believe，作状语。故填firmly。 21． (addition), you can get a participant list and some meeting information. 【答案】Additionally 【详解】考查副词。此外，您还可以获得参与者列表和一些会议信息。副词additionally修饰整句。句首单词首字母大写，故填Additionally。 22．The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most (power) through the objects they made. 【答案】powerfully 【详解】考查副词。句意：加勒比地区的泰诺人（The Caribbean Taino）、澳大利亚原住民（the Australian Aboriginals）、贝宁（非洲国家）的非洲族群以及印加人（the Incas），这些群体均在本书中有所提及，如今，他们能借由自身所创造的物品，最为有力地向我们诉说其往昔的辉煌成就。空格处用副词powerfully修饰动词speak，powerfully意为“有力地”，和前面的most构成最高级，故填powerfully。 23．By taking exercise regularly, I have grown healthy not only physically, but also (mental) in the past few years. 【答案】mentally 【详解】考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里，通过定期锻炼，我不仅身体健康，而且精神健康。此处与“physically”并列，共同修饰形容词“healthy”，需用副词作状语，mental为形容词，意为“精神的”，其副词形式是mentally，意为“精神上”，符合语境。故填mentally。 24．To keep his job, he (willing) got out of some bad habits. 【答案】willingly 【详解】考查副词。句意：为了保住工作，他心甘情愿地改掉了一些坏习惯。根据下文got out of可知，修饰动词短语应该用副词，所以此处用提示词的副词形式willingly作状语，表示“心甘情愿地”改掉坏习惯。故填willingly。 25．He is (wide) regarded as the most skilful politician of France. 【答案】widely 【详解】考查副词。句意：他被广泛认为是法国最有技巧的政治家。此处修饰动词“regarded”，需用副词形式，wide为形容词，意为“广泛的”，其副词形式是widely，意为“广泛地”，符合语境。故填widely。 26．Education is (vital) important for our country’s future. 【答案】vitally 【详解】考查副词。句意：教育对于我们国家的未来而言至关重要。修饰形容词important用副词vitally，故填vitally。 27．The system was clearly not functioning smoothly or (transparent). 【答案】transparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：该系统显然运行得并不顺畅，也不够透明。修饰动词functioning，用副词transparently，故填transparently。 28．Married women have (tradition) been treated as dependent on their husbands. 【答案】traditionally 【详解】考查副词。句意：已婚妇女传统上被视为是依附于其丈夫的。所填词作状语修饰谓语动词have been treated，所填词要用副词。括号里的tradition是名词，对应的副词要在词尾加-ally。故填traditionally。 29．He is (temporary) acting for her, because she has a bad cough. 【答案】temporarily 【详解】考查副词。句意：他暂时代替她，因为她咳嗽得很厉害。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词短语acting for；temporary的副词为temporarily“暂时地”，符合题意。故填temporarily。 30．We’ll do it by ourselves. (similar), they won’t depend on others. 【答案】Similarly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们将自己动手去做。同样地，他们也不会依赖他人。空格处位于句首，用提示词的副词形式similarly作状语修饰整个句子，表示“同样地、类似地”，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Similarly。 31．I was (slight) embarrassed when he pointed out my shortcoming. 【答案】slightly 【详解】考查副词。句意：当他指出我的缺点时，我有点尴尬。此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面形容词embarrassed，slightly，表“略微，轻微地”，符合语境。故填slightly。 32．I’m sorry, it was (pure) my misunderstanding. 【答案】purely 【详解】考查副词。句意：很抱歉，那完全是我的误解所致。修饰句子用副词purely，故填purely。 33．Though in her teens, the girl can’t use chopsticks (proper). 【答案】properly 【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然这个女孩十几岁了，但她还是不能正确使用筷子。空处修饰动词use，应用副词properly，表示“正确地”，作状语。故填properly。 34．We’d better talk about this matter (private) to find a better solution. 【答案】privately 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们最好私下谈谈这件事，找到更好的解决办法。设空处修饰动词短语talk about，应用副词作状语，故填privately。 35．They had warned me (previous) but I didn’t pay attention to it. 【答案】previously 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们之前曾提醒过我，但我当时并未在意。修饰动词warn用副词previously，故填previously。 36．The doctor asked the patient to tell him more (precise) where the pain was. 【答案】precisely 【详解】考查副词。句意：医生要求病人更准确地告诉他疼痛的部位。空处修饰动词tell，应填副词precisely“准确地”作状语，故填precisely。 37．This project has been deleted (permanent) because of its drawbacks. 【答案】permanently 【详解】考查副词。句意：由于存在缺陷，该项目已被永久删除。修饰动词deleted用副词permanently，故填permanently。 38．The truck driver is only (part) responsible for the accident. 【答案】partly 【详解】考查副词。句意：卡车司机对这起事故只负部分责任。此处修饰形容词“responsible”，需用副词形式，part为名词或动词，意为“部分”或“分开”，其副词形式是partly，意为“部分地”，符合语境。故填partly。 39．Hard work does not (necessary) lead to success in this work. 【答案】necessarily 【详解】考查副词。句意：在这项工作中，努力工作并不一定能带来成功。lead to是动词短语，在句中作谓语，修饰动词要用副词。necessary为形容词，意思是“必要的”，其副词形式是necessarily 。not necessarily是常见表达，意为“不一定” ，在此处用来修饰lead to。故填necessarily。 40．He is always (neat) dressed when he shows up in the office. 【答案】neatly 【详解】考查副词。句意：他每次出现在办公室时总是穿着整洁得体。修饰形容词dressed用副词neatly，故填neatly。 41．I (narrow) escaped being run over by the truck. It was really lucky. 【答案】narrowly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我险些被卡车碾过。真的很幸运。分析句子可知，设空处应填副词作状语，修饰动词escaped，narrow的副词形式是narrowly，表示“险些”，符合语境。故填narrowly。 42．You can drive on this road (legal) without being fined. 【答案】legally 【详解】考查副词。句意：你可以在这条路上合法驾驶而不被罚款。设空处应填副词作状语，修饰动词drive，legal的副词形式是legally，意为“合法地”，符合语境。故填legally。 43．The moment the telephone rang, she rushed out (instant). 【答案】instantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：电话一响，她就立刻冲了出去。空处应用副词作状语修饰动词rushed，instant的副词形式为instantly“立刻，马上”。故填instantly。 44．The thief (hurry) ran away when he heard someone cough. 【答案】hurriedly 【详解】考查副词。句意：小偷听到有人咳嗽就急忙跑掉了。分析句子可知，设空处应填副词作状语，修饰谓语动词ran，hurry的副词形式是hurriedly，意为“匆忙地”，符合语境。故填hurriedly。 45．He said (desperate) that the other team was too strong. 【答案】desperately 【详解】考查副词。句意：他绝望地说另一队太强大了。空处修饰动词said，应用副词desperately，表示“绝望地”，作状语。故填desperately。 46．I’m (awful) sorry for the mistake I’ve made. 【答案】awfully 【详解】考查副词。句意：我为我所犯的错误感到非常抱歉。此处修饰形容词“sorry”，需用副词形式，awful为形容词，意为“糟糕的”，其副词形式是awfully，意为“非常，极其”，符合语境。故填awfully。 47．I’m (terrible) sorry that I left your book in the apartment last night. 【答案】terribly 【详解】考查副词。句意：非常抱歉，我昨晚把你的书落在公寓里了。空格处用副词terribly修饰形容词sorry，terribly意为“非常”，故填terribly。 48．The pickpocket took the old woman’s purse (swift). 【答案】swiftly 【详解】考查副词。句意：扒手迅速拿走了老妇人的钱包。此处修饰动词“took”，需用副词作状语，swift为形容词，意为“迅速的”，其副词形式是swiftly，意为“迅速地”，符合语境。故填swiftly。 49．The price was (surprise) low. I doubt if it is a good thing. 【答案】surprisingly 【详解】考查副词。句意：价格低得惊人。我怀疑这是不是一件好动词。空处应填副词形式，修饰形容词low，故填surprisingly。 50．They got married (secret) without letting any of their relatives know it. 【答案】secretly 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们秘密结婚了，没有让任何亲戚知道。空格处用副词secretly修饰动词短语got married，secretly意为“秘密地”。故填secretly。 考向03 考查动词 一、完成句子 1．由于缺少工具，我们别无选择只能找人来修理这台机器。（“have + 宾语 + 宾补”结构） For lack of tools, we have no choice but to . 【答案】 have the machine repaired/fixed 【详解】考查have复合结构。根据中英文及试题要求可知，此处应用“have + 宾语 + 宾补”复合结构表示“找人来修理这台机器”，表示“机器”用the machine，作宾语；表示“修理”用repair或fix，因其与宾语之间为被动关系，即“机器被修理”，所以应用其过去分词形式作宾补。且此结构位于不定式符号to之后，have应用原形。故填①have②the③machine④repaired/fixed。 2．Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, , and boosts local economies and communities. 旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区发展。 【答案】makes us better people 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“使我们成为更好的人”，“使某人成为……”可以用“make sb. + 名词”的结构来表示，“我们”us，“更好的人”better people，空处动词make与谓语promotes，expands，boosts并列，一般现在时，应使用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填makes us better people。 3．在长期的发展过程中，少数民族之间形成了各不相同的风俗习惯。 In the long-term development, the ethnic groups . 【答案】have formed diverse/varied customs 【详解】考查时态、动词、形容词和名词。“形成”可用及物动词form表示；“各不相同的”可用形容词diverse/varied表示，修饰“风俗习惯”；“风俗习惯”可表示为custom，这里是各不相同的风俗习惯，应用名词复数，作宾语。根据In the long-term development和“形成了”可知，这里表示已完成的动作，应用现在完成时。主语groups为复数，谓语用复数。故填have formed diverse/varied customs。 4．Would you like to yourself （与……比较） your sister? 【答案】 compare with 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：你愿意把自己和你姐姐比较一下吗？分析句子可知，设空处应填动词短语，“与…… 比较” 是 compare...with...，would like to 后接动词原形。故填 compare; with。 5．To his surprise, he didn’t (注意到钱包被人偷) on the bus. 【答案】notice his wallet stolen 【详解】考查动词、名词和非谓语动词。句意：令他惊讶的是，他没有注意到他的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。“注意到”应用及物动词notice表示，“钱包”应用wallet表示，“他的钱包”应表示为his wallet，“偷”应用及物动词steal表示。“notice+宾语+宾补”是固定结构，宾语his wallet和steal之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作宾补。空前有didn’t，其后跟动词原形。故填notice his wallet stolen。 6．You are no longer a little child, . 你不再是小孩子了，所以该你做最后的决定了。 【答案】so it’s up to you to make a final decision 【详解】考查固定搭配，动词，名词。中文“所以”表明前后为因果关系，英语需用 ​so 连接。“该你做决定”对应英语固定结构 ​it’s up to you to do sth.，“作决定”使用动词短语make a decision，“最后的”使用形容词final， “做最后的决定”则为make a final decision。故填​so it’s up to you to make a final decision。 7．What made him happy was that after all these years he at last (还清所有债务). 【答案】paid off all his debts 【详解】考查一般过去时 ，固定搭配。句意：让他高兴的是，经过这么多年他终于还清了所有债务。“还清债务”英文表达是pay off debts，在金融英语中特指"清偿、还清"，债务要用复数形式debts，此处需要加形容词性物主代词限定，即pay off his debts。根据时间状语“after all these years”和句意可知，本句使用一般过去时，故答案为：paid off all his debts。 8．总而言之，我的责任感会使我成为一个合格的志愿者。(名词作宾补) All in all, my sense of responsibility will . 【答案】make me a qualified volunteer 【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。“使”作谓语，用使役动词make，用原形与助动词will构成一般将来时态；宾语“我”用宾格代词me；“一个合格的志愿者”作宾语补足语，用a qualified volunteer表示。故填make me a qualified volunteer。 9．Night was approaching and the hooting of the owl . 夜幕降临，猫头鹰的叫声让我们脊背发凉。 【答案】made our spines tingle 【详解】考查一般过去时，固定结构。make sth/sb do”是省略不定式符号to的用法，spine表示“脊柱”，tingle表示“刺痛;感到刺痛”，made our spines tingle形象地表达出因猫头鹰叫声而产生的害怕的生理反应，即“脊背发凉”，句子描述过去事实，以此使用一般过去时。故填made our spines tingle。 10．全校师生积极参与了这次越野赛跑。 All the teachers and students the cross-country running race. 【答案】got actively involved in /involved themselves actively in 【详解】考查动词短语，副词。“参与”可使用动词短语“get involved in sth.”或“involve oneself in sth.”，“积极地”使用副词“actively”作状语修饰动作，本句描述过去的事实，因此需要使用一般过去时。故答案为：got actively involved in/involved themselves actively in。 11．博物馆培训科学家与学生合作，并为他们提供为期一年的由科学家指导的研究机会。（offer） The museum trains its scientists to work with students and . 【答案】offers them one-year-long, scientist-mentored research opportunities 【详解】考查动词，名词，形容词。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“为他们提供为期一年的由科学家指导的研究机会”，“为某人提供某物”使用动词“offer”接双宾语的搭配“offer sb. sth.”，句中and连接并列谓语，由前文谓语动词“trains”可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词offer同样用单数形式offers，“他们”为代词them作间接宾语，“为期一年的由科学家指导的研究机会”整体作直接宾语，其中“为期一年的”使用“one-year-long”，“由科学家指导的”译为“scientist-mentored”，“研究机会”译为“research opportunities”。故填：offers them one-year-long, scientist-mentored research opportunities。 12．即使我不会把追求作为我的人生事业，我仍然会把继续学习和弹钢琴作为我的爱好。 , I will still make it my hobby to continue learning and playing the piano. 【答案】Even though I will not pursue it as my life’s work 【详解】考查让步状语从句，名词，动词，介词。“即使”使用连词“even though”引导让步状语从句,此句描述将来发生的事，时态为一般将来时，主语是“我”I；“追求”使用动词“pursue”是及物动词，“不会追求”是will not pursue；用it指代“追求”；“作为”使用介词as，“事业”即工作，可使用名词“work”，“我的”可使用形容词性物主代词“my”，“人生的”可通过所有格的形式表达，作为定语置于名词前，即“life’s”，“我的人生事业”为my life’s work。故答案为：Even though I will not pursue it as my life’s work。 13．The reward   , and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. 这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。 【答案】makes us much more likely to continue the cycle 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。“这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环”描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“使”为动词make，主语是单数，谓语动词make应用三单形式，“有可能做某事”为likely to do sth.，“更有可能”为much more likely，“继续”为动词continue，“这一循环”为the cycle，故填makes us much more likely to continue the cycle 14．他正要去会场，突然想起会议已经延期到下周了。（occur） He go to the meeting that the meeting had been postponed to the next week. 【答案】 was about to when it occurred to him 【详解】考查固定句式和动词。固定句式be about to do sth...when...“正要做某事...这时...”，描述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，由主语为He可知此处要用was about to；表达“突然想起”应用动词短语occur to sb.。故填①was about to②when it occurred to him。 15．越来越多的人开始重视经济与环境的均衡发展。(attach) people begin to between economy and environment. 【答案】 An increasing number of attach importance to the balanced development 【详解】考查固定短语a number of。“越来越多的”用于修饰people，people表示复数概念，所以此处用an increasing number of 表示；设空处位于句首，所以首字母大写，故第一空填An increasing number of。 考查动词短语。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，所以设空后的动词attach用动词原形；“重视”用attach importance to 表示；“均衡发展”用the balanced development表示；故第二空填attach importance to the balanced development。 16．学习了一段时间之后，你应当起来活动活动。 After studying for some time, you ought to get up and . 【答案】stretch your legs 【详解】考查动词代词和名词。and 表示并列，前后形式一致，ought to do，所以用动词原形，活动活动就是伸展一下腿，主语是你，所以是你的腿 your legs。故填stretch your legs。 17．班主任要求所有学生把教室打扫得整洁又干净。（make） The headteacher asked all the students to tidy and clean. 【答案】make the classroom 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。ask sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，所以空格处应填动词原形；make+宾语+宾语补足语表示“使……处于某种状态”，所以空格处应填make the classroom。故填make the classroom。 18．使他父母生气的是他总是熬夜看小说。（what） was that he always stayed up reading novels. 【答案】What made his parents angry 【详解】考查名词性从句。表达“使他父母生气”应使用动词短语make their parents angry；表达“的（东西）是”因使用what。分析句子及提示词可知，空处应填what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。根据was可知，句子应使用一般过去时。表达“使他父母生气的是”应用what made his parents angry。句子首字母大写。故填What made his parents angry。 19．用更好、更现实的想法取代不好的想法，快乐的情绪就会随之而来。 the bad thoughts better, and more realistic ones and happier emotions would follow. 【答案】 Replace with 【详解】考查祈使句，动词短语。表示“用...取代...”应使用动词短语replace...with...，该短语是祈使句的谓语，所以使用动词原形，句首首字母大写。故填①Replace②with。 20．很难想象他们在如此短的时间内梦想成真了。 It is hard to imagine that they within such a short time. 【答案】made their dream a reality 【详解】考查一般过去时和复合宾语。该句是复合句，it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语；从句在描述一个表示过去的客观事实，所以句子用一般过去时；make+宾语+宾语补足语，即make后面是复合宾语，“梦想成真”翻译为make their dream a reality。故答案为made their dream a reality。 二、翻译 21．只有在回顾每一堂课和每一句鼓励的话时，他才意识到老师在他的性格中埋下了多么深刻的影响。(汉译英) 【答案】Only by looking back on each lesson and every encouraging word did he realize the profound impact his teacher had woven into the fabric of his character. 【详解】考查动词时态和倒装句。“只有”使用only，“通过”使用by，“回顾”使用动词短语“look back”，位于介词后面使用动名词作宾语,“每一个”使用形容词“each或every”,“课”使用名词“lesson”，“话”使用名词“word”，“鼓励的”使用形容词“encouraging”，“意识到”使用动词“realize”，“老师”使用名词“teacher”，“嵌入，埋入”使用动词短语“weave into”，“在……中埋下……”可表达为“weave into the fabric of…”，“深刻的”使用名词“profound”，“影响”使用名词“impact”，因此“深刻的影响”即为“profound impact”，“性格”使用名词“character”，句子主干可表达为“sb. realize the profound impact”，此处“使用定语从句修饰“profound impact”，profound impact在从句中作weave的宾语，连词省略，本句描述过去事实，因此需要使用一般过去时，其中weave发生在realize之前，因此需要使用过去完成时，“老师在他的性格中埋下的影响”，即“the profound impact his teacher had weaved profound impact into the fabric of his character.”，“只有”使用副词“only”，且通过使用“only+状语”置于句首的形式采用部分倒装，助动词did置于主语之前。故答案为：Only by looking back on each lesson and every encouraging word did he realize the profound impact his teacher had woven into the fabric of his character. 22．就是这次旅行改变了我，给了我全新的生活。(汉译英) 【答案】It was the journey that changed me, giving me an entirely new life. 【详解】考查强调句，一般过去时，名词，形容词，副词。先翻译句子整体，即“这次旅行改变了我，给了我全新的生活。”，“这次旅行”译为“the journey”，“改变”使用动词“change”，“给某人某物”即“give sb. sth”,“全新的”使用形容词及副词搭配，即“entirely new”，本句描述过去事实，因此需要使用一般过去时，句子主体为：the journey changed me，“给了我全新的生活”作为非谓语动词作伴随状语，此处表述主动及同时发生，故表达为“giving me an entirely new life.”，因此句子翻译为：the journey changed me, giving me an entirely new life. 将句子主语进行强调，表达“就是……”的意义。故翻译为It was the journey that changed me, giving me an entirely new life. 23．正是这种独特的经历使我理解了无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心。(汉译英) 【答案】It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shouldn't lose heart. 【详解】考查强调句，一般过去时，形容词，名词，动词，让步状语从句，被动语态，情态动词。先确定句子整体结构，“正是……使得……”使用强调句结构，即“it is/was +被强调成分+that…”，“使某人做某事”使用“make sb. do sth.”结构，“无论……，我们都会”使用让步状语从句，先将句式核心进行翻译，“独特的经历”使用形容词及名词搭配，即“unique experience”，“面临困难”表达为“be faced with difficulty”，“失去信心”表达为“lose heart”，“无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心”作为“understand”的宾语从句，“无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心”使用让步结构的表达。即“whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shouldn't lose heart.”，将句子先整理为完整的陈述句，“这种独特的经历使我理解了无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心。”即“this unique experience made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shouldn't lose heart.”，然后对主语进行强调。即“It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shouldn't lose heart.”。故答案为：It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shouldn't lose heart. 24．任何人仅凭记单词是不可能考出好成绩的，更不用说具有和外国人交流的能力了。 (only) 【答案】No one can achieve good grades only by memorizing words, let alone acquire the ability to communicate with foreigners. 【详解】考查固定结构，动词，复习，介词，名词。描述客观事实用一般现在时。“仅凭”译为only by，强调单一方式。“记单词”用动名词短语memorize words，“仅凭记单词”则为by merely memorizing words，“考出好成绩”译为achieve good grades，固定短语“let alone”用于递进否定，后接动词原形“具备”即acquire"。英语中“能力”常接不定式，即ability to do，“与……交流”译为communicate with，“和外国人交流的能力”则为the ability to communicate with foreigners。主语“No one”表达否定即“任何人”，将以上词块整合成句子，故答案为：No one can achieve good grades only by memorizing words, let alone acquire the ability to communicate with foreigners. 25．周围有些人在闲聊，我发现我很难集中精力于学业上。(find) I with some people having small talks around me. 【答案】find it hard to concentrate on my studies 【详解】考查it作形式宾语，动词，名词，介词。“发现”可使用动词“find”，“困难的”可使用形容词“hard”，“集中精力”可使用动词“concentrate”，名词“学习”可使用名词“study”此处为可数名词，需使用复数形式表示“学业”，“我的”可使用形容词性物主代词“my”表示，因此“集中精力在学业上”可通过短语“concentrate on studies”表示，本句可使用句式结构：“find +宾语+宾补”的结构，本句中出现两个动词，因此需使用非谓语动词的形式，即“find”作谓语，使用it作形式宾语，非谓语动词不定式作真正宾语的形式，形容词“hard”作为补语。即：find it hard to concentrate on my studies。故答案为：find it hard to concentrate on my studies. 26．正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了游客对民俗文化的兴趣。(generate) 【答案】As (was) expected, the art festival generated the tourists’/visitors’ interest in folk culture. 【详解】考查动词generate的用法。generate是动词，意思是“产生;引起”，“艺术节”的英文是Art Festival，“民俗文化”的英文是folk culture，“游客”的英文可以是tourist或者visitor。整个句子可以处理成主从复合句，主句部分为简单的主谓宾结构，从句考查as引导的非限制定语从句“As was expecte”，其中was可以省略。根据句意，整个句子属于一般过去时，故可翻译为As (was) expected, the art festival generated the tourists’/visitors’ interest in folk culture. 27．遍布全世界的年轻人全都自告奋勇去用自己的知识和技能帮助他人。(volunteer) 【答案】Young people all over the world volunteer to help others with their knowledge and skills. 【详解】考查固定搭配、动词、非谓语动词和名词。“遍布全世界的”可翻译为all over the world，为介词短语，作定语修饰“年轻人”（young people）；“自告奋勇……”可翻译为volunteer to do...，volunteer为及物动词，不定式作宾语；“用”可用介词with表示，其后跟名词作宾语；“知识”可翻译为knowledge，作宾语；“技能”可翻译为skills，作宾语；“帮助”可翻译为help，为及物动词；“他人”可表示为others。故本句可翻译为：Young people all over the world volunteer to help others with their knowledge and skills. 28．当地政府已经发起了一项活动来促进垃圾分类。(campaign) 【答案】The local government has launched a campaign to promote garbage classification. 【详解】考查动词、名词、时态和非谓语动词。“当地政府”可表示为the local government，在句中作主语，谓语应用单数形式；“发起”可表示为launch，为及物动词，在句中充当谓语，根据句中的“已经”可知，这里应用现在完成时；“活动”可表示为campaign，为可数名词，在句中作宾语；“促进”可表示为promote，为及物动词，根据句意可知，这里表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语；“垃圾分类”可表示为garbage classification，为名词短语，在句中作宾语。故本句可翻译为：The local government has launched a campaign to promote garbage classification. 29．在青少年的成长过程中，父母应当对他们言传身教，确保他们身心健康发展。 (make sure) 【答案】During the growth of teenagers, parents should teach them by precept and example to make sure that they are able to develop well mentally and physically. 【详解】考查动词短语搭配和不定式作状语。在青少年的成长过程中翻译为“During the growth of teenagers”；言传身教翻译为“teach sb by precept and example ”; 身心健康发展翻译为“develop well mentally and physically”。故整句翻译为：During the growth of teenagers, parents should teach them by precept and example to make sure that they are able to develop well mentally and physically. 30．我很幸运在我的生活中有这么一位好的英语老师。我相信，如果没有她的帮助，我现在的英语学习可能还很困难。 【答案】I feel very lucky to have such a good English teacher in my life. I’m sure that, without her help, I might be still struggling with my English study now． 【详解】考查感官动词，形容词，动词不定式，宾语从句，介词，虚拟语气和一般现在时。 “感到”为feel； “幸运的”为lucky，表示“我很幸运”用I feel very lucky；形容词后加动词不定式； “这样的”为such；所以前半句翻译为I feel very lucky to have such a good English teacher in my life.。表示“我相信”用I’m sure that在句中是主句，后面是that引导的宾语从句； “没有”用介词without；表示“如果没有她的帮助”用without her help，该句虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，主句用might +动词原形，一直做用might be doing；表示“困难”用短语struggle with；表示 “我的英语学习”应用my English study。故翻译为I feel very lucky to have such a good English teacher in my life. I’m sure that, without her help, I might be still struggling with my English study now． 题型一 阅读理解 1 （2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something. Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself. In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy. You can bring your own containers, though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are sanitized (消毒过的) glass or plastic containers, free for the taking. Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the store doesn’t try to compete on price. For example, popcorn with paper package at a regular store may cost 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a customer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even so, zero-waste shopping can still come with savings. Take products that typically come packaged in large containers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part of the traditional cost would be in that glass jar. Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in sanitized containers, which are collected with the next round of deliveries. Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles. 24．Brianne Miller was inspired to start her business by the fact that ______. A．food packaging generated tons of waste B．plastic litters posed a threat to marine life C．people formed the bad habit of wasting food D．lots of food produced worldwide went to waste 25．Which of the following can best describe Miller? A．Brave and cautious. B．Caring and humorous. C．Creative and determined. D．Optimistic and thoughtful. 26．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs? A．Miller thinks her efforts worthwhile. B．Miller stopped her business during the pandemic. C．Nada suffered serious losses because of the pandemic. D．Containers were recycled during the pandemic to save money. 【答案】24．B 25．C 26．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Miller通过开设了零废物杂货店，提供消毒玻璃杯或塑料容器来装食物。她通过这样的方式来告诉人们：没有包装就没有废品。 24．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.(无论地点有多偏远，她都有同样令人震惊的发现：大量的塑料垃圾乱扔在水中，威胁着海洋生物。Miller知道她需要做点什么。)”和第二段“Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.(加拿大人每年扔掉300万吨塑料垃圾，其中33%来自食品包装。全世界大约有三分之一的食物被浪费掉了。米勒决心解决这个问题，他想象了一家比禁止塑料袋更进一步的商店——一个既避免了浪费包装又避免了浪费食物本身的坏习惯的地方。)”可知，Brianne Miller的创业想法来自于塑料垃圾对海洋生物构成威胁。故选B。 25．推理判断题。 根据第三段中“In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy.(2018年6月，米勒在加拿大开设了她的第一家零废物杂货店。她将其命名为Nada，并确保一切都是为了让零浪费的购物体验变得容易。)”和第四段中“Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free.(Nada出售各种食品，都是100%无包装的。)”可知，Miller开设了零废物杂货店，说明她富有创造力；根据第二段中“Miller, determined to fix the problem(Miller，下定决心解决这个问题……)”和倒数第二段中“Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way.(尽管疫情初期的生意很艰难，但Miller及时转向了在线订购和送货，尽管是以一种非常简单的方式。)”可知，Miller认准了目标，就会下定决心去实现它，说明她有决心。因此可用creative和determined来描述Miller。故选C。 26．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles.(这些容器所做的不仅仅是减少浪费。正如Miller所希望的那样，它们让人们胸怀大志。“它们都贴上了Nada贴纸，所以你可以看到这个容器被使用了多少次，”她说，然后笑了。)”可推知，Miller的努力不仅减少了浪费，而且让人们认识到环保的重要性，她认为她的努力是值得的。故选A。 2 （2025·北京朝阳·六校联考）The artificial intelligence (AI) sector has oscillated between enthusiasm and skepticism in recent years. Tech giants including Alphabet, Amazon, and Microsoft collectively poured nearly 200 billion into AI infrastructure in 2024 alone, surpassing the GDP of nations like Hungary or New Zealand. Nvidia, dominating the AI-chip market, witnessed its valuation skyrocket to 3.4 trillion as chip sales doubled — a growth rate three times faster than the semiconductor industry average. Meanwhile, server providers like Dell reported unprecedented demand, with AI server shipments jumping 78% year-on-year, signaling AI’s transformative potential across industries from drug discovery to autonomous driving. Yet beneath the surface, challenges loom. Training advanced AI models consumes staggering energy — equivalent to powering 15 million US households annually — raising concerns about long-term viability (可持续性). In regions like Ireland, data centers already consume 18% of national electricity, straining aging power grids. Server manufacturers and energy firms struggle to meet data-center demands, with delivery delays for AI-optimized servers extending to 48 weeks in 2024. Critics argue that current investments mirror past tech bubbles: the $200 billion AI infrastructure spending represents 65% of the 1999 dot-com bubble’s peak investment adjusted for inflation. Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity to revolutionize healthcare—such as cutting cancer drug development time from 10 years to 18 months — justifies short-term costs.” However, opponents counter that profit-driven corporations prioritize market dominance over ethical considerations, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics board disbandment as evidence. Amid these mounting pressures, competition is going to further complicates the landscape of AI development. Upstart (新兴的) firms like UK-based Graphcore and China’s Cambricon challenge industry leaders by creating compact, energy-efficient AI tools. For instance, startups now offer specialized chips such as Graphcore’s IPU (Intelligence Processing Unit) at 40% lower costs than Nvidia’s products, democratizing access to AI technology. This fragmentation mirrors the 1980s PC market shakeup, where IBM’s dominance was eroded by agile competitors. Investors, initially infatuated with AI’s promise, grow wary of over-commitment. A recent McKinsey survey revealed 62% of shareholders believe AI firms must clarify their financial strategies within two years, a demand intensified by OpenAI’s $540 million quarterly losses despite ChatGPT’s success. In addition, the environmental effects make it increasingly urgent to tackle this challenge head-on. Data centers account for 3% of global electricity use — a figure matching aviation’s carbon footprint — projected to triple by 2030. The International Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI growth could increase global CO₂ emissions by 1.5% annually, undermining climate goals. While companies like Microsoft invest in renewable energy, constructing solar farms to power Arizona data centers, critics demand stricter regulations. The EU’s proposed Artificial Intelligence Act now includes provisions requiring energy transparency for AI systems. Dr. Emily Zhou, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accompanied by robust regulatory measures, AI’s ecological environment risks offsetting its technological advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbon tax initiative targeting data centers — a policy framework to balance industrial progress with environmental management.” As the AI sector grapples with escalating energy consumption, ethical controversies, and speculative investment patterns, the AI industry stands at a crossroads. Its potential to reshape economies is undeniable — PwC estimates AI could contribute $15.7 trillion to global GDP by 2030—but unchecked growth risks ecological harm and market instability. The 2024 global AI Governance Summit highlighted the need for international standards, yet consensus remains elusive. But, the path forward requires both technological breakthroughs and a shift in priorities — making carbon-neutral data centers and transparent AI governance essential, not optional. 31．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of AI spending, the author is ______. A．supportive B．doubtful C．critical D．unconcerned 32．What does the word “infatuated” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged. 33．What can we learn from this passage? A．AI’s environmental costs may reduce its benefits without policy intervention. B．Renewable energy investments can resolve sustainability issues completely. C．Stricter regulations should prioritize ecological protection over market instability. D．Tech companies’ ethical considerations are sufficient to address energy demands. 34．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．AI Investment: Balancing Short-Term Costs and Long-Term Viability B．Data Centers’ Energy Use: The Hidden Crisis Behind AI Development C．When Innovation Breeds Chaos: Why AI Development Must Slow Down D．Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Transformation Amid Emerging Challenges 【答案】31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能发展面临的挑战与前景。 31．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity to revolutionize healthcare — such as cutting cancer drug development time from 10 years to 18 months — justifies short-term costs.” However, opponents counter that profit-driven corporations prioritize market dominance over ethical considerations, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics board disbandment as evidence.(科技分析师Alan Smith为这笔支出辩护说：“人工智能有能力革新医疗保健领域，比如将癌症药物的开发时间从10年缩短到18个月，这就证明了短期成本的合理性。”然而，反对者利润驱动的公司将市场主导地位置于道德考虑之上，并引用Meta 2023年人工智能道德委员会的解散作为证据)”可知，作者先引用了Alan Smith为AI支出辩护的观点，紧接着用“However”转折，引出反对者的观点。由此推知，作者对Alan Smith为AI支出辩护的态度是怀疑的。故选B。 32．词句猜测题。根据第三段中划线词后“grow wary of over-commitment(变得非常警惕过度承诺)”可知，说明投资者开始对AI的态度发生了变化，故划线处指投资者最初被AI的潜力所吸引，infatuated与A项Attracted“吸引”词义相近。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The International Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI growth could increase global CO₂ emissions by 1.5% annually, undermining climate goals(国际能源机构警告说，不受监管的人工智能增长可能会使全球二氧化碳排放量每年增加1.5%，破坏气候目标)”及“Dr. Emily Zhou, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accompanied by robust regulatory measures, AI’s ecological environment risks offsetting its technological advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbon tax initiative targeting data centers — a policy framework to balance industrial progress with environmental management.”(清华大学的可持续发展研究员周博士警告说，“除非伴随着强有力的监管措施，AI的生态环境风险会抵消其技术进步，正如中国针对数据中心的碳税举措所示——这是一个平衡工业进步与环境管理的政策框架”)”可推知，如果没有政策干预，人工智能的环境成本可能会降低其效益。故选A。 34．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能在发展过程中面临的挑战，如能源消耗、伦理争议、投机投资模式等，同时也提到了人工智能的潜力和前景。由此可知，D选项“人工智能：在新兴挑战中寻求转型”最能概括文章的主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选D。 题型二 语法填空 （2025届北京市第二中学高三下学期4月模拟英语试题）Mount Wuyi is the most outstanding area for biodiversity conservation in south-east China and a place for 36 large number of ancient, relict species, many of them unique 37 China. The breathtaking beauty of the gorges of the Nine Bend River, with its numerous temples, many now in ruins, provided the setting for the development and spread of Confucian- ism, which has been 38 (influence) in the cultures of East Asia since the 11th century. Mount Wuyi was listed as a World Cultural and Natural Heritage Site in 1999 for 39 (it) rich culture for thousands of years, Danxia landform and a wide 40 (various) of animals and plants. Also, it 41 (announce) as the National AAAAA Tourist Area in 2007 and has long been an exciting place for beautiful sightseeing and summer resorts. The natural landscape is combined with a strong humanistic and cultural atmosphere in Mount Wuyi. 42 (take) a bamboo raft and floating down the stream, visitors can enjoy the natural scenery of wonderful mountains and rivers, meet mysterious hanging coffins along the banks of the river, 43 admire the over 2000-year-old Han Dynasty ancient ruins and the academy 44 Zhuxi lectured for 10 years. As tea culture 45 (become) more and more popular in recent years, tea exploration is a reason for more and more people to visit Mount Wuyi. 【答案】 36．a 37．to 38．influential 39．its 40．variety 41．was announced 42．Taking 43．and 44．where 45．has become 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了武夷山的风景地貌。 36．考查冠词。句意：武夷山是中国东南部生物多样性保护最突出的地区，拥有大量古老的遗存物种，其中许多是中国独有的。a large number of表示“许多，大量的”。故填a。 37．考查介词。句意：武夷山是中国东南部生物多样性保护最突出的地区，拥有大量古老的遗存物种，其中许多是中国独有的。unique to表示“对……来说是独特的”。故填to。 38．考查形容词。句意：九弯河峡谷令人叹为观止的美景，及其众多的寺庙，其中许多现在已成为废墟，为儒家思想的发展和传播提供了环境，自11世纪以来，儒家思想一直对东亚文化产生影响。根据“which has been”可知，空处需填形容词作表语，influence作名词，表示“影响”，形容词influential表示“有影响力的”符合句意。故填influential。 39．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：1999年，武夷山因其数千年的丰富文化、丹霞地貌和种类繁多的动植物而被列入世界文化和自然遗产名录。根据“rich culture”可知，空处需填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。 40．考查名词。句意：1999年，武夷山因其数千年的丰富文化、丹霞地貌和种类繁多的动植物而被列入世界文化和自然遗产名录。根据“a wide”可知，空处需填单数名词，various作形容词，表示“各种各样的”，名词是variety，表示“多样化，种类”。故填variety。 41．考查时态语态。句意：此外，它于2007年被宣布为国家5A级旅游区，长期以来一直是一个令人兴奋的美丽的观光和避暑胜地。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，时间状语是“in 2007”，用一般过去时，主语“it”和“announce”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was announced。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：乘坐竹筏顺流而下，游客可以欣赏到山川美景，还可以邂逅河岸边神秘的吊棺，欣赏有2000多年历史的汉代古遗址和朱熹做了10年讲师的学院。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“can enjoy”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“visitors”和“take”是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填Taking。 43．考查连词。句意：乘坐竹筏顺流而下，游客可以欣赏到山川美景，还可以邂逅河岸边神秘的吊棺，欣赏有2000多年历史的汉代古遗址和朱熹做了10年讲师的学院。分析句子结构可知，“enjoy the natural scenery of wonderful mountains and rivers, meet mysterious hanging coffins along the banks of the river”和“admire the over 2000-year-old Han Dynasty ancient ruins and the academy”之间是并列关系，故填and。 44．考查定语从句。句意：乘坐竹筏顺流而下，游客可以欣赏到山川美景，还可以邂逅河岸边神秘的吊棺，欣赏有2000多年历史的汉代古遗址和朱熹做了10年讲师的学院。分析句子结构可知，“____9__Zhuxi lectured for 10 years”是定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是“the academy”，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 45．考查现在完成时。句意：近年来，随着茶文化越来越受欢迎，茶艺探索是越来越多的人来武夷山的一个原因。分析句子结构可知，状语从句中缺谓语动词，时间状语是“in recent years”，故用现在完成时。故填has become。 （2023年北京卷）In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________. A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。第一段首句“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.(历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（Francis Cole）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家Francis Cole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用Francis Col的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“It has been proved that people have a bias(偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices(牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$