第01讲 高考高频名词透析（专项训练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第01讲 高考高频名词透析 目录 01 课标达标练 题型 单句语法填空（最新名校模拟题精选） 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 题型 单句语法填空（最新名校模拟题精选） 1.（2025·北京朝阳·六校联考） Additionally, studying successful 14 (strategy) from experts helps refine self-control methods. 2. （2025·京市朝阳·二模）Tang Wensheng, 81, born in New York, is an outstanding Chinese 11 (interpret). 3. Their (recover) has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 4．She led the (compete) from beginning to end. 5.To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the (content) reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. 6．In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere (appreciate) to you for your timely help. 7．By (compare) with other students, Mike is the most intelligent in our class. 8．The online course offers good (cover) of all the subjects in the College Entrance Examination. 9．He got/won/gained (promote) because of his good attitude towards work, and ended up as a manager. 10．It’s all about taking good tea (leaf) and maybe adding some pretty rosebuds to make it fancy. 11． (participate) were randomly divided into two groups. 12．Compared to other (alternative), it’s comfortable and relaxing. 13．He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many (shade) of blue. 14．World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising (aware) of ocean conservation. 15．When you enter the museum, you will see some (item) that show the history of ancient China. 16．It does not matter on the absolute (weigh). 17．Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the (neighbor), was waiting just like every day before. 18．The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential (tourist) attracted by the new road. 19．The (construct) of those rock carvings dates back to 650, and continued into the 17th century. 20．The expressway, with an (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. 21．After more than three (decade), Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. 22．They made an (announce) to the whole country that the flight had crashed. 23．Inhibition (压抑) in adulthood seems to be very clearly a (reflect) of a person’s experiences as a child. 24．Employees who have worked here for many years will be given (prefer)over newcomers. 25．Mr. Wang is just one of the victims, from whose house (thief) stole substantial money. 26．Rabbits and (fox) are very common on the grassland while tigers are rare. 27．At this warm greeting, the poor Tunny, who was not used to such (tender), wept like a child. 28．He received the (warn) of economic crisis. 29．Most of the buildings in the town are modern, but the church is an (except). 30．There are obvious (distinction) between the two wine-making areas. 31. As of 10 pm Tuesday, or five and a half hours after (release), the video of the lacquerware has got 100 million views on Sina Weibo, with a total of 1. 6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes. 32. “The opportunity to see dragon and lion dancers here in front of the London Eye will be a memory I won’t forget. They are energetic and really show the beauty and grace Lunar Chinese New Year,” said O’Neil. 33. Yang often attends science population events, of which the missions are to light up children’s (curious) and to stimulate them to explore science and the unknown. 34. The Hemudu site in Yuyao dates back around 7,000 years. Hundreds of wooden components with sunmao structures have been unearthed from the (remain) of houses there, the earliest known application of sunmao structures in China. 35. The outpouring of joy in China and around the world at the reopening of the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral is (prove) of the symbolic strength and value that we attach to monuments. 36. With their (able) to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able (react) in time. 37. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work (complete) in class or short (assign) to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. 38. In the past ten years, the field has given us high-quality and stable produce regardless of climatic (circumstance). 39. Almost everyone has his own (strength) and weaknesses and it is where others are weak that maybe you have a great advantage. 40. For costumes, Peking opera performers use bright colors which are strictly based on the (occupy) and lifestyle of different characters. 41. Long-lasting friendships share the (character) that both sides equally contact and share with one another. 42. To begin with, I’d like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt appreciation to the kind (assist) you have offered me during my stay in Canada. 43. The frequent (occur) of earthquakes in the area means that the building must be specially designed to withstand the force. 44. A doctor tells me people who live the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because of the (combine) of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. 45. From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of (apply) . 46. More (effort), as reported, will be made in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 47. Advertising can influence consumers’ moods, which in turn, can influence consumers’ (react) to products. 48. I made a (resolve) not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a solution could be achieved. 49. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, (optimistic) and “people skills”. 50. “To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the (base) lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions,” and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said. 51. Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing (minor) of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class (chef) who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. 53. Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my (disable). 54. Teachers and chaperones (监护人) should model good (behave) for the group and remain with students at all times. 55. In the past several years, you have the pressure and pain. I do not want you to get any further (injure). 56. For the study, 191women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak (最大值的) cardiovascular (capable). 57. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 (base). 58. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from (interrupt). 59. This (exhibit) of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. 60. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or (switch), before they can cause any safety problems. 61. Any small (interrupt) —a price check, a chatty customer — can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. 62. For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his (foot) and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成).” 63. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in (respond) to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 64. The (benefit) of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. 65. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental (aware), and healthy lifestyles. 66. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written (sum) online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. 67. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 (base). 68. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time (demand) placed on the friend who has moved. 69. Since the (effect) were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence. 70. Louis carefully designed his balcony, forming a small space which could provide him with better (appreciate) of the moon and the stars. 81. Along with the exhibition, the museum will host a (various) of learning activities including an interactive workshop themed around battle prints and paintings for children to learn about these unique multi-spatial narratives and to create and role play their own characters based on the exhibits. 82. A company (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 83. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large (amount) of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 84. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural (exchange). 85. They are people of ability, talent, and (enthusiastic) who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). 86. So to try to change a distinctly modern (behave), lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach. They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. 87. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental (stable）,optimism and “people skills”. 88. Project Debater (an AI system) takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt (argue) and strings them together. 89. Many people now misunderstand emotional (intelligent) as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills”. 90. In part one, I describe the philosophical (found) of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 题型一 阅读理解 1 （2025·北京人大附中·2月统练）Unless we pursue AI carefully, the Nobel Committee will one day give a Peace Prize to the people cleaning up its terrible consequences, just as it did with nuclear physics. This year’s Nobel Prizes celebrate both works relating to artificial intelligence and efforts by the group Nihon Hidankyo to end the nuclear war. It was a striking parallel. Last century, the Nobel Committees awarded prizes in physics for uncovering the structure of atoms, which enabled the development and subsequent deployment of nuclear weapons. Similarly, artificial intelligence begins as fundamental research in computer science, yet its development poses a wide spectrum of societal risks, including misinformation, job displacement, and surveillance. About 80 years ago, hundreds of top scientists joined the Manhattan Project in a race to build an atomic weapon before the Nazis did. Yet after Germany surrendered, the project continued and only one scientist, Joseph Rotblat, left the project. After the war he returned to physics, focusing on medical uses of radiation, and became a leader in the nuclear antiproliferation movement. Looking back, Rotblat explained “You get yourself involved in a certain way and forget you are a human being. It becomes an addiction, and you just go on for the sake of producing a gadget without thinking about the consequences. And then, having done this, you find some justification for having produced it. Not the other way around. ” Though written decades ago, these words are a frighteningly accurate description of the prevailing ethos in AI research today. Fortunately, now, as then, there are thoughtful, grounded individuals who stand out in the development of AI. Ed Newton-Rex resigned last year from his position leading the music team at Stability AI, over the company’s insistence on creating generative. AI models trained on copyrighted data without paying for that use. This year, Suchir Balaji resigned as a researcher at OpenAI over similar concerns. At a 2018 internal meeting, Meredith Whittaker voiced concerns about a project to develop AI to power military drone targeting and surveillance and eventually succeeded in pressuring Google to drop it. When the Nobel Prize Committees choose which people among those working on AI to award, they set a powerful incentive for the AI researchers of today and tomorrow. We can start by looking past those focused on the rapid development of capabilities, instead following the lead of those who insist on engaging with the context of their work and who have the capacity not only to evaluate but also to respond to changing circumstances. As the nuclear era teaches us, right now is the time to carefully evaluate what applications of scientific discovery and whom among today's scientists reflect the values not of the world in which we currently live but the one which we hope to inhabit. 28．The author quotes Joseph Rotblat mainly to _______. A．challenge an assumption B．suggest an alternative C．make a comparison D．illustrate a point 29．It is implied in the passage that _______. A．collaboration between different parties is essential for responsible AI development B．the development of AI could potentially lead to unforeseen global crises C．AI researchers have lost control of their own creations D．the Nobel Prize should stop awarding AI researchers 30．What does the word “ethos” underlined in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Challenge B．Motivation C．Spirit D．Force 2 （2025·北京石景山·一模）The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it. But that is about to change. Half a century after the Apollo programme, a private spacecraft Nova-C made the first touchdown on the moon successfully, bearing scientific instruments, microfiche (微缩胶片) story disks, cameras, and sculptures to stay on the moon forever. Its success would promise many more. Though it may seem like an exciting outlook for humanity’s space exploration ambitions, it also signals a future where the moon becomes a hotbed of ungoverned business operations that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transform it. For the first time, private capital has reached the moon, expanding beyond scientific goals. This allows private landers, even when carrying government science experiments, to include additional non-scientific payloads (有酬负载) for other customers. Items bound to raise various objections, such as human cremains (骨灰) and dehydrated water bears from past missions, have caused concerns about biological materials on the moon. There’re a lot more planned for future launches, likely sparking further debate. Before this decade is out, with a powerful enough telescope, you may be able to see evidence of human construction or even habitation on the moon. In 2023, the global space industry was valued at $469 billion, expected to exceed $1 trillion by 2030, driven by growing satellite use in manufacturing, power, and data. “We are now at a tipping point, where ideas previously limited to science fiction represent attractive investment projects,” a report read. A voluntary agreement has been used since 2020 to foster lunar cooperation. It promotes international standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. However, it also allows for exploiting (开采) lunar resources like dust, water, rare earth elements and other materials. Exploring the moon has value for science and potential benefits for Earth, but humans often turn exploration into exploitation, and the moon may face the same fate. The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so. 31．What is the author’s concern about the moon’s future? A．Unregulated commercial activities. B．Illegal human construction. C．Limited payload carried to the moon. D．A lack of scientific missions. 32．The “tipping point” in Paragraph 4 indicates the change . A．from cooperation to competition B．from science to trade C．from lunar landing to settlement D．from fantasy to adventure 33．What can we infer from this passage? A．Lunar resource exploration holds great promise. B．Massive investment is beneficial to lunar development. C．Non-scientific activities can test lunar environmental limits. D．The existing agreement is insufficient in controlling over-exploitation. 34．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Promising Moon: Playground for All B．The Moon’s Edge: Ambition Meets Reality C．The Moon’s Future: Uncover the Unknown D．The Silent Moon: Humanity’s Responsibility 题型二 完形填空 （2025·北京西城·一模）After Glenda and Raphael Savitz moved to Newton, Boston, they were warmly welcomed by their new neighbors, who greeted them with homemade cookies and casseroles. They quickly got used to the 1 neighborhood and felt an immediate sense of 2 . Soon after, they had a baby, Samantha, but discovered she was born deaf. Although the neighbors were excited to meet the new baby, they were also aware of the 3 the Savitz family would face. Jill McNeil, one of the neighbors, suggested that they all learn sign language together to help Samantha communicate. Jill, who grew up in a tight-knit (紧密团结) community, believed in the power of helping each other, 4 when it came to children. Over the next few months, the group of 18 neighbors worked hard to learn the basic signs, all while keeping their plan a 5 . They wanted to surprise the Savitz family with their new 6 to communicate. When the big moment came, the Savitz family was deeply moved. Glenda and Raphael were amazed by the effort their neighbors had 7 learning a new language just to communicate with their daughter. It was a very touching and meaningful moment for the family. They felt incredibly 8 . As Samantha grew, the neighbors kept including her in everything, making sure she never 9 left out. The support from the community made a lasting impact on the Savitz family, showing how neighbors can come together to make a real 10 in each other’s lives. 1．A．friendly B．peaceful C．quiet D．convenient 2．A．belonging B．relief C．hope D．freedom 3．A．truth B．choices C．challenges D．threat 4．A．naturally B．especially C．immediately D．similarly 5．A．priority B．dream C．goal D．secret 6．A．media B．technology C．ability D．opportunity 7．A．drawn on B．backed up C．relied on D．put in 8．A．proud B．grateful C．relaxed D．satisfied 9．A．felt B．looked C．remained D．turned 10．A．point B．living C．difference D．commitment （2023年北京卷）In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________. A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 高考高频名词透析 目录 01 课标达标练 题型 单句语法填空（最新名校模拟题精选） 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 题型 单句语法填空（最新名校模拟题精选） 1.（2025·北京朝阳·六校联考） Additionally, studying successful 14 (strategy) from experts helps refine self-control methods. 【答案】strategies 考查名词复数。句意：此外，向专家学习成功的策略有助于完善自我控制方法。strategy为可数名词，此处表示研究专家们的多种成功策略，应用名词复数形式。故填strategies。 2. （2025·京市朝阳·二模）Tang Wensheng, 81, born in New York, is an outstanding Chinese 11 (interpret). 【答案】interpreter 考查名词。句意：81岁的唐闻生出生于纽约，是一位杰出的中国口译员。根据句意和“an”可知，此处应填interpret的名词形式interpreter，表示“口译员”。故填interpreter。 3. Their (recover) has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 【答案】recovery 【详解】考查名词。句意：它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。设空处使用recover的名词recovery作主语，不可数名词。故填recovery。 4．She led the (compete) from beginning to end. 【答案】competition 【详解】考查名词。句意：她在比赛中从头到尾都领先。作动词的宾语，用名词competition，此处为特指。故填competition。 5.To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the (content) reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. 【答案】contents 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了发挥它的功能，一本书必须由用户激活：打开封面，打开书页，查看内容，也许是写笔记或划下划线。此处为并列的独立主格（名词 + 过去分词），定冠词后用名词，根据句意，content“内容”用复数。故填contents。 6．In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere (appreciate) to you for your timely help. 【答案】appreciation 【详解】考查名词。 句意：在这封信里，我想向你表达我诚挚的感激之情，感谢你及时的帮助。根据空前的形容词性物主代词my以及形容词sincere可知，此处应填名词，作动词convey的宾语。动词appreciate的名词形式为appreciation表示“感激；感谢”，符合语境和语法要求。故填appreciation。 7．By (compare) with other students, Mike is the most intelligent in our class. 【答案】comparison 【详解】考查名词。句意：与其他同学相比，迈克是我们班最聪明的。by comparison with“和……相比”，固定短语，故填comparison。 8．The online course offers good (cover) of all the subjects in the College Entrance Examination. 【答案】coverage 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个在线课程很好地涵盖了高考中的所有科目。设空处应填名词作offers的宾语，“涵盖”的名词形式是coverage，不可数名词。故填coverage。 9．He got/won/gained (promote) because of his good attitude towards work, and ended up as a manager. 【答案】promotion 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于工作态度好，他得到了提升，最后当上了经理。句中动词got/won/gained后接名词作宾语。动词promote的名词形式为promotion，不可数，意为“晋升”。故填promotion。 10．It’s all about taking good tea (leaf) and maybe adding some pretty rosebuds to make it fancy. 【答案】leaves 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：关键在于选用优质的茶叶，并且或许还可以加入一些精致的玫瑰花瓣来增添几分雅致。leaf“叶子”为可数名词，结合句意可知，此处为复数名词leaves作宾语。故填leaves。 11． (participate) were randomly divided into two groups. 【答案】Participants 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：参与者被随机分为两组。所填应是名词，在句中作主语。“participate”，动词，意为“参加，参与”，其名词形式为“participant(参与者)”，结合空后“were”可知，这里用复数，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Participants。 12．Compared to other (alternative), it’s comfortable and relaxing. 【答案】alternatives 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：与其他选择相比，它是舒适和放松的。other意为“其他的”，其后跟名词复数形式，因此空格处是alternatives。故填alternatives。 13．He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many (shade) of blue. 【答案】shades 【详解】考查名词。句意：他经过乳白色的瀑布和许多蓝色的山脉。分析句子可知，“many”后应用名词，作宾语，“shade”意为“阴凉处，色度”，为可数名词，“many”后用复数形式“shades”。故填shades。 14．World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising (aware) of ocean conservation. 【答案】awareness 【详解】考查名词。句意：世界海洋日（6月8日）旨在提高保护海洋的意识。此处需要将形容词aware转换为名词awareness (意识)，不可数，该空作宾语。动词短语raise awareness of是固定搭配，表示“提高对……的意识”。故填awareness。 15．When you enter the museum, you will see some (item) that show the history of ancient China. 【答案】items 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：当你进入博物馆时，你会看到一些展示中国古代历史的物品。空处作see的宾语，some“一些”后可数名词item“物品”应用复数形式。故填items。 16．It does not matter on the absolute (weigh). 【答案】weight 【详解】考查名词。句意：绝对重量并不重要。根据空前“the absolute”可知，空处应用名词作介词on的宾语，所给词weigh是动词，其名词形式为weight“重量”，不可数名词。故填weight。 17．Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the (neighbor), was waiting just like every day before. 【答案】neighbors 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：其中一个邻居家的一只狗布奇，像往常一样等着。此处用固定结构“one of the+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，neighbor“邻居”应用复数形式。故填neighbors。 18．The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential (tourist) attracted by the new road. 【答案】tourists 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：当地政府规划出了 12 平方公里的区域，以应对可能被这条新道路吸引而来的游客。此处空格前的形容词 “potential（潜在的，可能的）” 可知，形容词需要修饰名词，且用tourist的复数形式tourists来表示“游客们”，作介词 for的宾语。故填tourists。 19．The (construct) of those rock carvings dates back to 650, and continued into the 17th century. 【答案】construction 【详解】考查名词。句意：那些岩石雕刻的建造历史可追溯到公元 650 年，并且一直延续到 17 世纪。作句子的主语，应用名词construction。故填construction。 20．The expressway, with an (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. 【答案】investment 【详解】考查名词。句意：这条高速公路投资302亿元，将于明年年底通车。根据前面的不定冠词 an可知，这里需要填一个名词investment，作宾语。故填investment。 21．After more than three (decade), Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. 【答案】decades 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：三十多年过去了，吉姆在工作的最后几天里，一切仍和往常一样。空处作After的宾语，根据空前的“more than three”可知，decade“十年”应用复数形式。故填decades。 22．They made an (announce) to the whole country that the flight had crashed. 【答案】announcement 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们向全国宣布航班坠毁。根据“made an”和动词“announce”可知，需要填入announce的名词单数形式announcement“宣布，通知”, 作动词made的宾语。故填announcement。 23．Inhibition (压抑) in adulthood seems to be very clearly a (reflect) of a person’s experiences as a child. 【答案】reflection 【详解】考查名词。句意：成年期的抑制似乎非常清楚地反映了一个人小时候的经历。短语a reflection of表示“反映”。故填reflection。 24．Employees who have worked here for many years will be given (prefer)over newcomers. 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。名词preference优待。句意：与新来乍到者不同,对那些工作多年的雇员将予以优待。故填preference。 25．Mr. Wang is just one of the victims, from whose house (thief) stole substantial money. 【答案】thieves 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：王先生只是受害者之一，小偷从他家里偷走了大量的钱。空格处缺少定语从句的主语，泛指“小偷”用名词复数形式，thief的复数是thieves。故填thieves。 26．Rabbits and (fox) are very common on the grassland while tigers are rare. 【答案】foxes 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：兔子和狐狸在草原上很常见，而老虎很少见。结合空格后的are和空格前的and可知，空格处缺少名词复数与Rabbits并列作主语，fox的复数形式是foxes。故填foxes。 27．At this warm greeting, the poor Tunny, who was not used to such (tender), wept like a child. 【答案】tenderness 【详解】考查名词。句意：听到这热烈的问候，可怜的Tunny不习惯这种温柔，像个孩子一样哭了起来。作介词的宾语，应用名词tenderness，不可数。故填tenderness。 28．He received the (warn) of economic crisis. 【答案】warning 【详解】考查名词。句意：他收到了经济危机的警告。所给词warn是动词，需变为名词warning“警告”，作received的宾语，结合句意用单数。故填warning。 29．Most of the buildings in the town are modern, but the church is an (except). 【答案】exception 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个镇上的大多数建筑都是现代的，但教堂是个例外。不定冠词an后面需要跟单数名词，而except是一个动词或介词，需要用其名词形式exception“例外”，为可数名词，在句中作表语。故填 exception。 30．There are obvious (distinction) between the two wine-making areas. 【答案】distinctions 【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：这两个葡萄酒产区之间有明显的区别。由are可知，空格处用名复数，作主语，故填distinctions。 31. As of 10 pm Tuesday, or five and a half hours after (release), the video of the lacquerware has got 100 million views on Sina Weibo, with a total of 1. 6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes. 【答案】being released/release 【详解】考查非谓语动词或名词。句意：截至周二晚上10点，即发布后五个半小时，漆器视频在新浪微博上已获得1亿次观看，总互动量达到160万次，包括分享、评论和点赞。after是介词，后面接动名词形式或者名词，video和release之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式，即being released或者release 。故填being released或release。 32. “The opportunity to see dragon and lion dancers here in front of the London Eye will be a memory I won’t forget. They are energetic and really show the beauty and grace Lunar Chinese New Year,” said O’Neil. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：他们充满活力，真正展现了中国农历新年的美丽和优雅。分析句子可知，这里用of表达所属关系：“……的”，故答案为of。 33. Yang often attends science population events, of which the missions are to light up children’s (curious) and to stimulate them to explore science and the unknown. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：杨经常参加科普活动，这些活动的目的在于激发孩子们的好奇心，并鼓励他们去探索科学和未知领域。children’s是名词所有格，后面需要接名词，curious是形容词，其名词形式是curiosity，表示“好奇心”，不可数名词。故填curiosity。 34. The Hemudu site in Yuyao dates back around 7,000 years. Hundreds of wooden components with sunmao structures have been unearthed from the (remain) of houses there, the earliest known application of sunmao structures in China. 【答案】remains 【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：余姚的河姆渡遗址可以追溯到大约7000年前。从那里的房屋遗迹中出土了数百件带有榫卯结构的木制构件，这是中国已知最早的榫卯结构应用。空格处意为“遗迹”，应用名词remain，作from的宾语，遗迹不止一处，应用复数形式。故填remains。 35. The outpouring of joy in China and around the world at the reopening of the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral is (prove) of the symbolic strength and value that we attach to monuments. 【答案】proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：巴黎圣母院重新开放在中国和世界各地引发的喜悦，证明了我们赋予纪念碑的象征力量和价值。空处应填名词作表语，proof“证据”，名词，用作不可数名词，故填proof。 36. With their (able) to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able (react) in time. 【答案】 ability to react 【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：凭借它们预见前方情况的能力，它们能够发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。第一空作介词with的宾语，结合空前形容词性物主代词their可知应用名词ability“能力”；第二空考查短语be able to do sth.表示“能够做某事”，应填入动词不定式形式to react。故填①ability；②to react。 37. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work (complete) in class or short (assign) to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. 【答案】 to be completed assignments 【详解】考查不定式和名词。句意：此外，我还会不时地布置小组作业，让他们在课堂上完成，或者布置短期作业，让他们在家里完成，这些作业都会被打分。 group work 与complete为被动关系，且表示将来的动作，用不定式的被动语态。第二个空为名词复数assignments作宾语，泛指多个短期作业。故填to be completed ；assignments。 38. In the past ten years, the field has given us high-quality and stable produce regardless of climatic (circumstance). 【答案】circumstances 【详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，无论气候条件如何，这片田地都为我们提供了高质量和稳定的产品。circumstanc在表示“环境、状况”时常用复数形式circumstances。作宾语。故填circumstances。 39. Almost everyone has his own (strength) and weaknesses and it is where others are weak that maybe you have a great advantage. 【答案】strengths 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：几乎每个人都有自己的优点和缺点，而别人的弱点可能就是你的巨大优势所在。本空作has的宾语，与weaknesses并列，应用名词strength“优点”的复数形式strengths，表示不止一个优点。故填strengths。 40. For costumes, Peking opera performers use bright colors which are strictly based on the (occupy) and lifestyle of different characters. 【答案】occupation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在服装上，京剧演员严格根据不同角色的职业和生活方式使用鲜艳的色彩。空处应填名词作on的宾语，occupation“职业”，名词。故填occupation。 41. Long-lasting friendships share the (character) that both sides equally contact and share with one another. 【答案】characteristic 【详解】考查名词。句意：持久的友谊具有双方平等接触和分享的特点。名词characteristic (特征、特点)作宾语，单数含义。故填characteristic。 42. To begin with, I’d like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt appreciation to the kind (assist) you have offered me during my stay in Canada. 【答案】assistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：首先，我想借此机会，对我在加拿大期间你给予我的热心帮助表示衷心的感谢。assist是个动词，意思是“辅助，帮助”，根据横线前的the kind来判断，横线处应该填入名词，assist的名词是assistance，符合题意。故答案为assistance。 43. The frequent (occur) of earthquakes in the area means that the building must be specially designed to withstand the force. 【答案】occurrence 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个地区经常发生地震，这意味着建筑物必须经过特殊设计才能承受地震的力量。空处作主语，前面有形容词修饰，应填名词形式，故填occurrence。 44. A doctor tells me people who live the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because of the (combine) of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. 【答案】combination 【详解】考查名词。句意：一位医生告诉我，最长寿的人是跳舞和骑自行车的人。也许这是是因为新鲜的空气，流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。空处作because of的宾语，用名词combination，意思为：结合。故填combination。 45. From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of (apply) . 【答案】applications 【详解】考查名词。句意：从自动驾驶汽车到家用机器人，从推荐系统到电脑写小说，人工智能有无数的应用。提示词作宾语，用名词application，意为“应用，运用”，有an unlimited number of(无数的，大量的)修饰，用复数形式。故填applications。 46. More (effort), as reported, will be made in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 【答案】efforts 【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：据报道，未来几年将加大力度加快供给侧结构性改革。effort“努力”是可数名词，由More可知，空格处用复数，故填efforts。 47. Advertising can influence consumers’ moods, which in turn, can influence consumers’ (react) to products. 【答案】reactions 【详解】考查名词。 句意：广告能够影响消费者的情绪，而这反过来又会影响消费者对产品的种种反应。根据空前的名词所有格“consumers’(消费者的)” 可知，此处应填入名词，作动词influence的宾语。动词react的名词形式是reaction“反应”。因为消费者是复数概念consumers，不同的消费者对产品可能会有不同的反应，所以用复数形式reactions表示多个消费者的多种反应。故填reactions。 48. I made a (resolve) not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a solution could be achieved. 【答案】resolution 【详解】考查名词。句意：我下定决心不逃避自己的恐惧，哪怕是最可怕的恐惧也要勇敢面对，这样才有可能找到解决办法。make a resolution是固定短语，意为“下定决心；作出决定”，空处需要名词作宾语。故填resolution。 49. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, (optimistic) and “people skills”. 【答案】optimism 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在很多人都把情商误解为一个人身上几乎所有无法通过智商测试来衡量的特质，比如性格、动力、自信、情绪稳定、乐观和“人际交往能力”。此处需要使用名词作宾语，“optimistic”名词形式为“optimism”，为不可数名词，故答案为：optimism。 50. “To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the (base) lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions,” and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said. 【答案】basis 【详解】考查名词。句意：穆勒说：“对我们来说，最可能的解释似乎是这一基础在于它们与人类生活在一起，这让它们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，”这种接触为它们提供了很多学习区分面部表情的机会。设空处为从句主语，和lies保持一致，应用名词basis单数，故填basis。 51. Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing (minor) of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】minority 【详解】考查名词。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚理工学院教授金·科布是由于气候变化而减少航空旅行的少数学者之一，人数虽少，但人数在不断增加。minority of ....少数......，为固定搭配。作宾语。故填minority。 52. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class (chef) who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. 【答案】chefs 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管英国食物不那么令人印象深刻，但英国正在培养更多的顶级厨师，他们经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，其食谱经常位居畅销书榜首。chef在句中作宾语，可数名词，由more修饰结合句意用复数。故填chefs。 53. Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my (disable). 【答案】disability 【详解】考查名词。句意：不幸的是，医生们不知道如何让我好转，但我非常外向，已经学会了适应我的残疾。本空作介词to的宾语，应用名词disability“残疾”。故填disability。 54. Teachers and chaperones (监护人) should model good (behave) for the group and remain with students at all times. 【答案】behavior/behaviour 【详解】考查名词。句意：老师和监护人应该为学生树立良好的行为榜样，并始终与学生在一起。根据空格前的model可知，空格处应该用名词behavior/behaviour作宾语。此处表抽象意义，为不可数名词，故填behavior/behaviour。 55. In the past several years, you have the pressure and pain. I do not want you to get any further (injure). 【答案】injury 【详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的几年里，你承受了压力和痛苦。我不希望你再受到任何进一步的伤害。设空处使用injure的名词injury作宾语，意为“伤害”。故填injury。 56. For the study, 191women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak (最大值的) cardiovascular (capable). 【答案】capacity 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性参加了一项自行车运动测试，直到她们筋疲力尽，以测量她们的心血管峰值容量。此处应用名词capacity作宾语。故填capacity。 57. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 (base). 【答案】basis 【详解】考查名词。句意：这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术来确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行的未来。设空处为介词on的宾语，并且前面有a修饰，应用名词单数，故填basis。 58. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from (interrupt). 【答案】interruptions 【详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡店在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供了免受干扰的自由。名词interruption作宾语，泛指多种干扰，用复数形式interruptions作宾语。故填interruptions。 59. This (exhibit) of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. 【答案】exhibition 【详解】考查名词。句意：这场约60幅杰作的展览将在伦敦举行，以庆祝苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的生活和工作。指示代词This后用名词单数作主语。故填exhibition。 60. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or (switch), before they can cause any safety problems. 【答案】switches 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：通过使用最新技术，无人机也可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在轨道或开关出现故障之前检测出它们可能造成的任何安全问题。switch“开关”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，故填switches。 61. Any small (interrupt) —a price check, a chatty customer — can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line. 【答案】interruption 【详解】考查名词。句意：任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个队伍。名词interruption做主语。故填interruption。 62. For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his (foot) and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成).” 【答案】feet 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：有好一会儿，约翰什么也没说，但突然，他跳了起来，叫道：“我有一个好主意！我有一个大家都能帮助实现的解决方案。”spring to one’s feet表示“迅速站起来”，故填feet。 63. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in (respond) to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 【答案】response 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于影响很小，这可能表明我们的创造性思维在完全安静和85分贝的背景噪音下并没有太大的不同。in response to“作为对……的回应”，固定短语，故填response。 64. The (benefit) of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. 【答案】benefits 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：定期锻炼的好处已经被充分记录，但现在又有一个新的好处可以添加到不断增长的列表中。空处为名词作主语，结合后文“are well documented”可知，应用benefit“好处；益处”的复数形式。故填benefits。 65. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental (aware), and healthy lifestyles. 【答案】awareness 【详解】考查名词。句意：该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。空处作宾语，前面有形容词修饰，故用名词形式awareness，为不可数名词，故填awareness。 66. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written (sum) online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】summary 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。空处作宾语，前面有不定冠词a修饰，故用名词单数形式，故填summary。 67. That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 (base). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】basis 【详解】考查名词。句意：将当今的“天眼”技术应用于确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候对列车安全无虞，这极有可能是该技术未来的发展趋势。空前有a，空格处用名词的单数，base的名词是basis，意为“基础”，故填basis。 68. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time (demand) placed on the friend who has moved. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】demands 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：留下来的朋友需要体谅搬走的朋友所面临的各种额外时间需求。空处作介词to的宾语，被all修饰，应用demand“需求”的复数形式。故填demands。 69. Since the (effect) were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence. 【答案】effects 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：由于影响很小，这可能表明我们的创造性思维对完全沉默的反应并没有太大的不同。由were可知空处使用名词复数作从句主语，故填effects。 70. Louis carefully designed his balcony, forming a small space which could provide him with better (appreciate) of the moon and the stars. 【答案】appreciation 【详解】考查名词。句意：Louis精心设计了他的阳台，形成了一个小空间，可以为他提供更好的欣赏月亮和星星的机会。本空作with的宾语，用名词appreciation“欣赏”。故填appreciation。 81. Along with the exhibition, the museum will host a (various) of learning activities including an interactive workshop themed around battle prints and paintings for children to learn about these unique multi-spatial narratives and to create and role play their own characters based on the exhibits. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查名词。句意：在此次展览的同时，该博物馆还将举办一系列教育活动，其中包括一个以战斗版画和绘画为主题的互动工作坊，旨在让孩子们了解这些独特的多维叙事，并根据展品创作并演绎自己的角色。a variety of是固定短语，意为 “各种各样的”。故填variety。 82. A company (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】representative 【详解】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司每天1200次航班都将从塑料杯改为纸杯。根据空前的A company可知，这里指公司代表，representative意为“代表”，为可数名词，这里应用名词单数，作主语。故填representative。 83. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large (amount) of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 【答案】amounts 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少原本很好的食物被扔掉了———从“丑陋”（但还可以吃）的蔬菜被杂货店拒绝，到大量没吃的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。句中large amounts of为固定短语，意为“大量的”，填名词amount复数形式。故填amounts。 84. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural (exchange). 【答案】exchange/exchanges 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：仪式上发布的《首届国际茶日茶路合作倡议》呼吁茶业界人士共同推动国际合作和文化交流。此处需填入名词形式exchange，与前面的international cooperation并列作动词promote的宾语，既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。故填exchange/exchanges。 85. They are people of ability, talent, and (enthusiastic) who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). 【答案】enthusiasm 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们是有能力、有才华、有热情的人，可以把他们广阔的视野带到特定的专业领域。此处与ability和talent是并列成分，应用名词enthusiasm“热情”，不可数名词，作介词of的宾语。故填enthusiasm。 86. So to try to change a distinctly modern (behave), lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach. They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. 【答案】behavior 【详解】考查名词。句意：因此，为了改变这种明显的现代行为，立法者和公共卫生专家正在回归旧方法。他们想把分心驾驶当作酒后驾驶来对待。此处需使用名词作宾语，被形容词modern修饰，“behave”的名词形式为“behavior”。故填behavior。 87. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental (stable）,optimism and “people skills”. 【答案】stability 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在很多人都把情商误解为一个人身上几乎所有无法通过智商测试来衡量的特质，比如性格、动力、自信、情绪稳定、乐观和“人际交往能力”。此处需要使用名词作“such as”的宾语，“stable”的名词形式为“stability”，是不可数名词。故答案为：stability。 88. Project Debater (an AI system) takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt (argue) and strings them together. 【答案】arguments 【详解】考查名词。句意：Project Debater（一个人工智能系统）从它的文档库和预先构建的论据中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。此处作prebuilt的宾语，应用argument“论据”，可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表泛指。故填arguments。 89. Many people now misunderstand emotional (intelligent) as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills”. 【答案】intelligence 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在很多人都把情商误解为一个人身上几乎所有无法通过智商测试来衡量的特质，比如性格、动力、自信、精神稳定、乐观和“人际交往能力”。此处需要使用名词作misunderstand的宾语，被形容词“emotional”修饰，“intelligent”名词形式为“intelligence”。emotional intelligence“情商”。故答案为：intelligence。 90. In part one, I describe the philosophical (found) of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 【答案】foundations 【详解】考查名词。句意：在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先考察了使许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量，然后再详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。此处需要使用名词作宾语，被形容词“philosophical”修饰，“found”名词形式为“foundation”，为可数名词，此处用复数形式表泛指。故填：foundations。 题型一 阅读理解 1 （2025·北京人大附中·2月统练）Unless we pursue AI carefully, the Nobel Committee will one day give a Peace Prize to the people cleaning up its terrible consequences, just as it did with nuclear physics. This year’s Nobel Prizes celebrate both works relating to artificial intelligence and efforts by the group Nihon Hidankyo to end the nuclear war. It was a striking parallel. Last century, the Nobel Committees awarded prizes in physics for uncovering the structure of atoms, which enabled the development and subsequent deployment of nuclear weapons. Similarly, artificial intelligence begins as fundamental research in computer science, yet its development poses a wide spectrum of societal risks, including misinformation, job displacement, and surveillance. About 80 years ago, hundreds of top scientists joined the Manhattan Project in a race to build an atomic weapon before the Nazis did. Yet after Germany surrendered, the project continued and only one scientist, Joseph Rotblat, left the project. After the war he returned to physics, focusing on medical uses of radiation, and became a leader in the nuclear antiproliferation movement. Looking back, Rotblat explained “You get yourself involved in a certain way and forget you are a human being. It becomes an addiction, and you just go on for the sake of producing a gadget without thinking about the consequences. And then, having done this, you find some justification for having produced it. Not the other way around. ” Though written decades ago, these words are a frighteningly accurate description of the prevailing ethos in AI research today. Fortunately, now, as then, there are thoughtful, grounded individuals who stand out in the development of AI. Ed Newton-Rex resigned last year from his position leading the music team at Stability AI, over the company’s insistence on creating generative. AI models trained on copyrighted data without paying for that use. This year, Suchir Balaji resigned as a researcher at OpenAI over similar concerns. At a 2018 internal meeting, Meredith Whittaker voiced concerns about a project to develop AI to power military drone targeting and surveillance and eventually succeeded in pressuring Google to drop it. When the Nobel Prize Committees choose which people among those working on AI to award, they set a powerful incentive for the AI researchers of today and tomorrow. We can start by looking past those focused on the rapid development of capabilities, instead following the lead of those who insist on engaging with the context of their work and who have the capacity not only to evaluate but also to respond to changing circumstances. As the nuclear era teaches us, right now is the time to carefully evaluate what applications of scientific discovery and whom among today's scientists reflect the values not of the world in which we currently live but the one which we hope to inhabit. 28．The author quotes Joseph Rotblat mainly to _______. A．challenge an assumption B．suggest an alternative C．make a comparison D．illustrate a point 29．It is implied in the passage that _______. A．collaboration between different parties is essential for responsible AI development B．the development of AI could potentially lead to unforeseen global crises C．AI researchers have lost control of their own creations D．the Nobel Prize should stop awarding AI researchers 30．What does the word “ethos” underlined in paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Challenge B．Motivation C．Spirit D．Force 【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过类比核物理的发展，指出人工智能（AI）发展带来的社会风险不容忽视。 28．推理判断题。根据第四段“Looking back, Rotblat explained “You get yourself involved in a certain way and forget you are a human being. It becomes an addiction, and you just go on for the sake of producing a gadget without thinking about the consequences. And then, having done this, you find some justification for having produced it. Not the other way around. ” (回顾过去，罗特布拉特解释说：“你以某种方式参与其中，却忘记了自己是一个人。这变成了一种瘾，你只是为了制造一种小玩意儿而继续下去，而没有思考其后果。然后，在做完之后，你为自己制造它找到了一些理由。而不是反过来。”)”以及第五段“Though written decades ago, these words are a frighteningly accurate description of the prevailing ethos in AI research today. Fortunately, now, as then, there are thoughtful, grounded individuals who stand out in the development of AI. Ed Newton-Rex resigned last year from his position leading the music team at Stability AI, over the company's insistence on creating generative. (尽管这些话是几十年前写的，但它们却惊人地准确地描述了当今AI研究中的主流风气。幸运的是，现在和那时一样，有一些有思想、脚踏实地的人在AI的发展中脱颖而出。去年，艾德·牛顿-雷克斯因公司坚持在未支付版权使用费的情况下使用版权数据训练生成式AI模型，而辞去了他在Stability AI领导音乐团队的职位。)”可知，通过引用Rotblat的观点，作者旨在说明当前AI研究领域存在类似核物理发展中的盲目性，即技术开发优先于伦理反思。因此，引用Rotblat的目的是通过历史案例阐明当前问题的核心。故选D项。 29．推理判断题。根据第一段“Unless we pursue AI carefully, the Nobel Committee will one day give a Peace Prize to the people cleaning up its terrible consequences, just as it did with nuclear physics. This year’s Nobel Prizes celebrate both works relating to artificial intelligence and efforts by the group Nihon Hidankyo to end the nuclear war. (除非我们谨慎地追求人工智能（AI）的发展，否则有一天，诺贝尔奖委员会将会把和平奖颁给那些清理其可怕后果的人，就像它曾经对核物理领域所做的一样。今年的诺贝尔奖既表彰了与人工智能相关的工作，也表彰了日本隐藏原子弹受害者团体（Nihon Hidankyo）为结束核战所做的努力。)”以及第二段“It was a striking parallel. Last century, the Nobel Committees awarded prizes in physics for uncovering the structure of atoms, which enabled the development and subsequent deployment of nuclear weapons. Similarly, artificial intelligence begins as fundamental research in computer science, yet its development poses a wide spectrum of societal risks, including misinformation, job displacement, and surveillance. (这是一个惊人的相似之处。上世纪，诺贝尔奖委员会因揭示原子结构而颁发物理学奖，这一发现促进了核武器的发展和随后的部署。同样地，人工智能起源于计算机科学的基础研究，但其发展带来了一系列广泛的社会风险，包括误导信息、就业替代和监控。)”可知，作者在文中暗示人工智能的发展可能会导致无法预见的全球危机。故选B项。 30．词句猜测题。根据前文“Looking back, Rotblat explained “You get yourself involved in a certain way and forget you are a human being. It becomes an addiction, and you just go on for the sake of producing a gadget without thinking about the consequences. And then, having done this, you find some justification for having produced it. Not the other way around. ” (回顾过去，罗特布拉特解释说：“你以某种方式参与其中，却忘记了自己是一个人。这变成了一种瘾，你只是为了制造一种小玩意儿而继续下去，而没有思考其后果。然后，在做完之后，你为自己制造它找到了一些理由。而不是反过来。”)”以及后文“Fortunately, now, as then, there are thoughtful, grounded individuals who stand out in the development of AI. Ed Newton-Rex resigned last year from his position leading the music team at Stability AI, over the company's insistence on creating generative. (幸运的是，现在和那时一样，有一些有思想、脚踏实地的人在AI的发展中脱颖而出。去年，艾德·牛顿-雷克斯因公司坚持在未支付版权使用费的情况下使用版权数据训练生成式AI模型，而辞去了他在Stability AI领导音乐团队的职。位)”可知，Rotblat的话精准描述了当今AI研究中的“ethos”。根据上下文，这种“ethos”指科学家在技术开发中过度追求成果而忽视后果的倾向，即一种行业内的普遍风气或精神，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 2 （2025·北京石景山·一模）The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it. But that is about to change. Half a century after the Apollo programme, a private spacecraft Nova-C made the first touchdown on the moon successfully, bearing scientific instruments, microfiche (微缩胶片) story disks, cameras, and sculptures to stay on the moon forever. Its success would promise many more. Though it may seem like an exciting outlook for humanity’s space exploration ambitions, it also signals a future where the moon becomes a hotbed of ungoverned business operations that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transform it. For the first time, private capital has reached the moon, expanding beyond scientific goals. This allows private landers, even when carrying government science experiments, to include additional non-scientific payloads (有酬负载) for other customers. Items bound to raise various objections, such as human cremains (骨灰) and dehydrated water bears from past missions, have caused concerns about biological materials on the moon. There’re a lot more planned for future launches, likely sparking further debate. Before this decade is out, with a powerful enough telescope, you may be able to see evidence of human construction or even habitation on the moon. In 2023, the global space industry was valued at $469 billion, expected to exceed $1 trillion by 2030, driven by growing satellite use in manufacturing, power, and data. “We are now at a tipping point, where ideas previously limited to science fiction represent attractive investment projects,” a report read. A voluntary agreement has been used since 2020 to foster lunar cooperation. It promotes international standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. However, it also allows for exploiting (开采) lunar resources like dust, water, rare earth elements and other materials. Exploring the moon has value for science and potential benefits for Earth, but humans often turn exploration into exploitation, and the moon may face the same fate. The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so. 31．What is the author’s concern about the moon’s future? A．Unregulated commercial activities. B．Illegal human construction. C．Limited payload carried to the moon. D．A lack of scientific missions. 32．The “tipping point” in Paragraph 4 indicates the change . A．from cooperation to competition B．from science to trade C．from lunar landing to settlement D．from fantasy to adventure 33．What can we infer from this passage? A．Lunar resource exploration holds great promise. B．Massive investment is beneficial to lunar development. C．Non-scientific activities can test lunar environmental limits. D．The existing agreement is insufficient in controlling over-exploitation. 34．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Promising Moon: Playground for All B．The Moon’s Edge: Ambition Meets Reality C．The Moon’s Future: Uncover the Unknown D．The Silent Moon: Humanity’s Responsibility 【答案】31．A 32．B 33．D 34．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担忧月球面临过度开发，强调人类对月球负有责任。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段“Though it may seem like an exciting outlook for humanity’s space exploration ambitions, it also signals a future where the moon becomes a hotbed of ungoverned business operations that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transform it.(尽管这似乎是人类太空探索野心的一个令人兴奋的前景，但它也预示着未来月球将成为不受控制的商业活动的温床，这将不可逆转地改变它)”可知，作者担心的是月球未来会成为不受监管的商业活动的温床，即未受规范的商业活动。故选A。 32．词句猜测题。根据第三段“For the first time, private capital has reached the moon, expanding beyond scientific goals. This allows private landers, even when carrying government science experiments, to include additional non-scientific payloads (有酬负载) for other customers.(私人资本首次登上月球，超越了科学目标。这使得私人着陆器，即使在携带政府科学实验时，也可以为其他客户提供额外的非科学有酬负载)”以及第四段“‘We are now at a tipping point, where ideas previously limited to science fiction represent attractive investment projects,’ a report read.(我们现在正处于一个转折点，以前仅限于科幻小说的想法代表了有吸引力的投资项目)”可知，私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，以前科幻小说里的想法现在成为了有吸引力的投资项目，因此tipping point指的是从科学到贸易的转变。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据第五段“A voluntary agreement has been used since 2020 to foster lunar cooperation. It promotes international standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. However, it also allows for exploiting (开采) lunar resources like dust, water, rare earth elements and other materials.(自2020年以来，一项自愿协议一直被用来促进月球合作。它促进了国际标准、紧急援助和数据共享。然而，它也允许开采月球资源，如灰尘、水、稀土元素和其他材料)”可知，现有的协议虽然促进合作等，但也允许开采月球资源，可推知它在控制过度开采方面是不足的。故选D。 34．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little except what we bring to it.(月亮孤零零地待着。它是宇宙中独一无二的，是一片没有生命、被阳光晒得黝黑的荒地，除了我们带给它的东西外，几乎什么都没有)”、最后一段“The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a considered discussion of why and how we will do so.(月亮不会孤单太久。但它现在是，也将永远是安静的。它没有雷雨，没有巨浪，没有鸟鸣，没有国歌。我们必须成为它的声音。我们很快就会永远改变它的表面，以及我们与它的关系。至少，我们欠月球一个深思熟虑的讨论，为什么以及如何这样做)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了随着私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担心月球面临过度开发等问题，强调人类要对月球负责。D项“寂静的月球：人类的责任” 符合主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 题型二 完形填空 （2025·北京西城·一模）After Glenda and Raphael Savitz moved to Newton, Boston, they were warmly welcomed by their new neighbors, who greeted them with homemade cookies and casseroles. They quickly got used to the 1 neighborhood and felt an immediate sense of 2 . Soon after, they had a baby, Samantha, but discovered she was born deaf. Although the neighbors were excited to meet the new baby, they were also aware of the 3 the Savitz family would face. Jill McNeil, one of the neighbors, suggested that they all learn sign language together to help Samantha communicate. Jill, who grew up in a tight-knit (紧密团结) community, believed in the power of helping each other, 4 when it came to children. Over the next few months, the group of 18 neighbors worked hard to learn the basic signs, all while keeping their plan a 5 . They wanted to surprise the Savitz family with their new 6 to communicate. When the big moment came, the Savitz family was deeply moved. Glenda and Raphael were amazed by the effort their neighbors had 7 learning a new language just to communicate with their daughter. It was a very touching and meaningful moment for the family. They felt incredibly 8 . As Samantha grew, the neighbors kept including her in everything, making sure she never 9 left out. The support from the community made a lasting impact on the Savitz family, showing how neighbors can come together to make a real 10 in each other’s lives. 1．A．friendly B．peaceful C．quiet D．convenient 2．A．belonging B．relief C．hope D．freedom 3．A．truth B．choices C．challenges D．threat 4．A．naturally B．especially C．immediately D．similarly 5．A．priority B．dream C．goal D．secret 6．A．media B．technology C．ability D．opportunity 7．A．drawn on B．backed up C．relied on D．put in 8．A．proud B．grateful C．relaxed D．satisfied 9．A．felt B．looked C．remained D．turned 10．A．point B．living C．difference D．commitment 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Savitz一家搬到波士顿后受到新邻居的热烈欢迎，当邻居知道他们的宝宝是聋的以后，努力学习手语以便于和这个宝宝交流的暖心故事。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很快就适应了这个友好的社区，并立刻有了归属感。A. friendly友好的；B. peaceful平静的；C. quiet安静的；D. convenient方便的。根据上文“they were warmly welcomed by their new neighbors”可知，这个社区很友好。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们很快就适应了这个友好的社区，并立刻有了归属感。A. belonging归属感；B. relief缓解；C. hope希望；D. freedom自由。根据上文“they were warmly welcomed by their new neighbors”可知，这个社区邻居的友好让他们有了归属感。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然邻居们很高兴见到这个新宝宝，但他们也意识到Savitz一家将面临的挑战。A. truth真相；B. choices选择；C. challenges挑战；D. threat威胁。根据上文“discovered she was born deaf”可知，那个宝宝天生是聋的，所以Savitz一家将面临挑战。故选C。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Jill在一个关系紧密的社区长大，她相信互相帮助的力量，尤其是在孩子们身上。A. naturally自然地；B. especially尤其；C. immediately立刻；D. similarly相似地。根据下文“when it came to children”可知，Jill相信互相帮助的力量，尤其是在孩子们身上。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月里，这个由18个邻居组成的小组努力学习基本的手语，同时对他们的计划保密。A. priority优先事项；B. dream梦；C. goal目标；D. secret秘密。根据下文“They wanted to surprise the Savitz family”可知，邻居们把这个计划保密。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们想用新的沟通能力给Savitz一家一个惊喜。A. media媒体；B. technology技术；C. ability能力；D. opportunity机会。根据上文“learn the basic signs”可知，邻居学习手语，这是一种新的沟通能力。故选C。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Glenda和Raphael对邻居们为了和女儿交流而学习一门新语言所付出的努力感到惊讶。A. drawn on利用，借鉴；B. backed up支持；C. relied on依靠；D. put in投入。根据上一段“the group of 18 neighbors worked hard to learn the basic signs”可知，那些邻居为了和Savitz的女儿沟通而努力学习手语，空格处意为“投入”。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们感到无比感激。A. proud骄傲的；B. grateful感激的；C. relaxed放松的；D. satisfied满意的。根据上文“learning a new language just to communicate with their daughter”可知，邻居为了和自己的女儿沟通而学习新的语言，这让Savitz一家感激。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着Samantha的成长，邻居们一直让她参与所有的事情，确保她不会感到被冷落。A. felt感觉；B. looked看；C. remained保持；D. turned转向。根据上文“the neighbors kept including her in everything”可知，邻居们确保Samantha不会感到被冷落。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：社区的支持对Savitz一家产生了持久的影响，表明邻居们可以团结起来，真正改变彼此的生活。A. point点；B. living生计；C. difference不同；D. commitment忠诚。根据上文“made a lasting impact on the Savitz family”可知，邻居们可以团结起来，真正改变彼此的生活，make a difference意为“产生影响”。故选C。 （2023年北京卷）In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires. These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline. As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically. 28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________. A. draw a comparison B. introduce a topic C. evaluate a statement D. highlight a problem 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Climate change has been forgotten. B. Lessons of history are highly valued. C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings. 30. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices. C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making. D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires. 【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。第一段首句“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.(历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（Francis Cole）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家Francis Cole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用Francis Col的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“It has been proved that people have a bias(偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices(牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$