Unit 6 At one with nature 与自然融为一体（话题阅读精练）英语外研版2019必修第一册

Unit 6 At one with nature 与自然融为一体 话题阅读精练 时文拓展阅读 Urban Green Spaces for a Sustainable Future Urban greening is becoming key to sustainable development. Many cities improve the ecological environment by planting trees, building rooftop gardens, and creating urban parks. For example, Singapore’s “Supertrees” not only enhance aesthetics but also collect rainwater and solar energy. Green spaces benefit residents’ health. Studies show that exposure to nature reduces stress and improves mental health. Tokyo’s “Sky Forest” project transforms abandoned buildings into sky gardens, providing citizens with recreational spaces. Urban greening also alleviates the heat island effect. Trees reduce temperatures through transpiration, decreasing air conditioning use. Additionally, green roofs extend building lifespan and reduce energy consumption. 语篇翻译： 城市绿化正成为可持续发展的关键。许多城市通过种植树木、建设屋顶花园和城市公园改善生态环境。例如，新加坡的 “超级树”（Supertrees）不仅美观，还能收集雨水和太阳能。 绿色空间对居民健康有益。研究表明，接触自然可降低压力、提升心理健康。东京的 “天空森林” 项目将废弃建筑改造成空中花园，为市民提供休闲场所。 城市绿化还能缓解热岛效应。树木通过蒸腾作用降低气温，减少空调使用。此外，绿色屋顶可延长建筑寿命，减少能源消耗。 重点词汇： · sustainable (/səˈsteɪnəbl/) adj. 可持续的 · ecological (/ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/) adj. 生态的 · stress reduction (/stres rɪˈdʌkʃn/) 减压 · heat island effect (/hiːt ˈaɪlənd ɪˌfekt/) 热岛效应 · transpiration (/ˌtrænspəˈreɪʃn/) n. 蒸腾作用 长难句分析： Projects like Singapore’s Supertrees not only enhance urban aesthetics but also collect rainwater and solar energy, making cities more sustainable. 抓标志：“not only...but also...”（并列连词），“making”（现在分词短语） 判类型：并列复合句（not only + 主句 1 + but also + 主句 2），后接结果状语（现在分词短语） 试翻译：新加坡 “超级树” 等项目不仅提升城市美观度，还能收集雨水和太阳能，使城市更可持续。 高考真题链接 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题B篇）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone. C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 25．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem. C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine. 26．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea. C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John’s invention. 27．What is the basis for John’s work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 1．“With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.” 抓标志：无明显从属连词，“he figured” 为插入语 判类型：“With the right combination of animals and plants” 为介词短语作条件状语；“he figured” 为插入语；主句为 “maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did”，“the way nature did” 为方式状语（省略了关系词 that/in which）。 试翻译：他认为，只要将动植物恰当组合，或许就能像大自然那样清理废弃物。 2．“‘Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,’ he says. ‘You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.’” 抓标志：关系代词 “what” 判类型：第一句为直接引语（主系表结构）；第二句中 “what’s happening” 为 what 引导的宾语从句，作 “observe” 的宾语；第三句为 “let + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构，“to self-repair” 为不定式作后置定语，修饰 “ways”。 试翻译：他说：“对发明家而言，地球上的生命有点像一盒备用零件。你把生物体置于新的关系中，观察发生的情况。然后让这些新系统自行形成自我修复的方式。” · a series of：一系列；一连串 · get used to：习惯于 · take...as food：把…… 当作食物 · take on：承担；接受 · self-repair：自我修复 · cancer-causing：致癌的 · eco-machine：生态机器（文中指约翰设计的利用生态原理净化污水的设备） · greenhouse-like：类似温室的 · inquiring mind：探究精神；好奇心 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2025高一·全国·专题练习）Located on the Chengdu Plain of the Minjiang River, the Dujiangyan Irrigation System is one of the oldest irrigation systems in the world and also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since its construction around 256 BC during the Qin Dynasty, it has turned into a living relic, benefiting people living on the Chengdu Plain and making many believe that it is actually a greater architectural miracle than the Great Wall. Li Bing, the governor of Shu for the State of Qin, and his son led the construction. Instead of building a dam, they harnessed the river using a new method at that time: dividing the water. There are three main parts of the construction: Yuzui (Fish Mouth Levee), Feishayan (Flying Sand Weir) and Baopingkou (Bottle-Neck Channel). Each has a different, indispensable function. The first Minjiang River barrier is Yuzui. It was built at the bend of the river, where the surging water is divided into the inner and outer rivers by the “dikes”. The lateral canal drains the flood and the inner canal flows into the Chengdu Plain through Baopingkou. Feishayan helps regulate the water flow by allowing excess water and sand to be discharged back into the Minjiang River. This ensures that only a controlled amount of water enters the irrigation network, reducing the risk of flooding in downstream areas. What’s more, it prevents the sand from entering the irrigation channels. The purpose of Baopingkou was to divert and irrigate the water entering the Chengdu Plain. If a large amount of water was blocked by Baopingkou during the flood period, the water level would rise. When the water level exceeded a certain level, the drainage channel behind Feishayan would be discharged to the outer river to achieve the secondary flood discharge. Every design in the Dujiangyan Irrigation System takes full advantage of the local environmental characteristics. It takes advantage of nature instead of conquering it by means of human intervention. 1．Which of the following is true about the Dujiangyan Irrigation System? A．It was built in the Han Dynasty. B．It is made up of four main parts. C．It has a history of more than 2,200 years. D．It’s the largest irrigation project in the world. 2．What does the Dujiangyan Irrigation System mainly do? A．It blocks the water of the Minjiang River. B．It divides the water of the Minjiang River. C．It stores the water of the Minjiang River. D．It changes the route of the Minjiang River. 3．What’s the main function of Feishayan? A．To divide the Minjiang River. B．To change the river’s course. C．To release flood water and deal with sand. D．To control the water entering the Chengdu Plain. 4．What’s behind the Dujiangyan Irrigation System according to the author? A．Ancient Chinese people’s valuing science. B．Ancient Chinese people’s being smarter than us. C．Humans’ taking control of nature and conquering it. D．Humans’ respecting and living in harmony with nature. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·北京海淀·期末）Satellite images and the latest scientific studies may accurately inform us how quickly the world’s glaciers are melting. But American adventurer Garrett Fisher’s mission is different: to uncover the “souls” of disappearing glaciers — as he believes satellite images can’t replicate (复制) the beauty of glaciers. Many glaciers can’t be accessed on foot, or by drone, and helicopters are extremely expensive. Therefore, Fisher flew an old plane and hung his camera out of the window. “With an aeroplane, I can ‘stand’ in a place where a human can’t stand,” he says. “You can look down into the soul of the glacier from a close perspective.” Fisher has spent two summers photographing the glaciers of the Bernese Alps. He chooses the summer because the glaciers stand out clearly, against the surrounding snow. He has to wait for sunshine and then brave violent and unpredictable winds — as well as a lack of oxygen — to climb as high as 14, 000ft in the Bernese Alps. “It takes a long time to wait for the right kind of day. The conventional wisdom is that the wind cannot be higher than 20 knots but I’ve gone up in as much as 50. At high altitudes, the wind tends not to be turbulent (猛烈的) if you’re on the proper side of the mountain. So it’s a lot like surfing this giant wave: if you stay in the right spot, everything’s fine.” In deep valleys, he is usually out of radio contact. If his plane gets into trouble, the glaciers look like a decent emergency runway but appearances are misleading. “Those cracks are so large that if the engine quits and I go in one, the authorities probably wouldn’t ever find me again,” he says. “The risk is huge, but it’s absolutely worth it.” Fisher’s flying is showing the rapid melting of glaciers. “Everything I’m looking at will be gone in three generations.” He has now set up a non-profit group, the Global Glacier Initiative, with the aim of collecting a personal pictorial record of glaciers to record what is being lost and campaign for more decisive action to fight the climate crisis. “I’m willing to take the next 20 years and go chase every single glacier I can find on the planet,” he says. 1．Fisher photographs glaciers by aeroplane to ______. A．ensure the safety during flight B．catch the beauty of glaciers up close C．stand on some famous glaciers D．collect accurate data of glacier melting 2．What can we learn from Fisher’s photographing experience? A．He coped with high-altitude flying skillfully. B．He chose summer to avoid the unpredictable winds. C．He regarded glaciers as a practical emergency runway. D．He managed to keep contact with the outside in a crack. 3．The last paragraph emphasize Fisher’s ______. A．anxiety over the rapid melting of glaciers B．determination to record disappearing glaciers C．ambition to set a record for photographing glaciers D．frustration with current actions against climate crisis 4．Which of the following words best describe Fisher? A．Adventurous and far-sighted. B．Optimistic and soft-hearted. C．Talented and strong-willed. D．Devoted and open-minded. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·北京海淀·期末）A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science. Mirror life has to do with the universal phenomenon in the natural world in which a molecule or another object cannot simply be superimposed (重叠) on another. For example, your left hand can’t simply be turned over to match your right hand. This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules. The authors are worried about mirror bacteria, the simplest life-form their concerns apply to. The capability to create mirror bacteria does not yet exist and is “at least a decade away”, but progress is underway. Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life. The initial enthusiasm for creating mirror versions of bacteria began with simpler imaginings. Researchers explored the use of mirror-image proteins and other molecules that are the building blocks of such an organism. One application is in drugs. Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer. Many immune system mechanisms also rely on handedness. T cells, responsible for recognizing foreign invaders, for example, might fail to bind to something with the wrong handedness, which could help therapies made from mirror molecules avoid triggering immune reactions in patients. Another potential application of mirror bacteria might be bioreactors (生物反应器), biological factories that use cells or microorganisms to produce various compounds like antibiotics and other medicines. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) can wipe out bacteria-based bioreactors, costing huge amounts of time and money, but it is likely they wouldn’t infect mirror bacteria, because they wouldn’t recognize their molecules. It is these supposedly advantageous properties that gave rise to the scientists’ concerns. The ability to avoid immune responses could allow bacteria to cause deadly infections as they multiply uncontrollably. Unlike viruses, bacteria don’t require specific molecular interactions to infect hosts, and mirror bacteria could affect a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. And a lack of natural enemies could enable mirror bacteria to spread widely through ecosystems. 1．Why is “handedness” important in biology? A．It helps biomolecules to change functions when needed. B．It ensures biomolecules to recognize their reversed forms. C．It enables biomolecules to be superimposed on each other. D．It allows biomolecules to interact correctly with each other. 2．What is Adamala’s attitude towards the development of mirror bacteria? A．Defensive. B．Enthusiastic. C．Neutral. D．Worried. 3．What can we learn about the application of mirror life technology? A．Mirror molecules help to activate immune reactions. B．Mirror molecules can extend the effect of some drugs. C．Mirror bacteria can be used to cure some rare diseases. D．Mirror bacteria have the potential to damage bioreactors. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Process and challenges of mirror life research. B．Applications and benefits of mirror molecules. C．The concept and potential impacts of mirror life. D．Replacement of natural bacteria by mirror bacteria. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·重庆·期末）SCAPE Landscape Architecture takes the lead in creative design with its groundbreaking “Design for us” idea. Though traditional ways stress human use and comfort, this forward-thinking belief places adaptation to modern needs and the creation of shared living spaces first. Kate Orff, the head of SCAPE, notes in an interview that humans have contributed much to the environmental problems. Over the past decades, actions such as destroying protective coral reefs (珊瑚礁), and constructing in weak areas like sandy beaches have worsened the situation. A good example of SCAPE’s typical work is the impressive $111-million Living Breakwaters Project on Staten Island’s South Shore. Born out of the “Rebuild by Design” competition started after the destructive Hurricane Sandy in 2012, this project was regarded as a solution to strengthening coastal adaptability. SCAPE’s winning design featured an idea of adaptability in several aspects. Its 8 coastal breakwaters (防波堤), made from stone and concrete, were designed to decrease wave energy and calm the water. Through modeling, the team developed a long-term plan not only to relieve but also to prevent coastal erosion (侵蚀) in the future. In addition, the breakwaters’ unique design, equipped with “reef roads,” plays an important role in creating a diverse habitat to improve sealife biodiversity. With the project’s completion, the oyster, a sea creature, once forced away by climate change, is being reintroduced to its natural habitat. Beyond its physical and ecological achievements, the project also focuses on promoting social adaptability. Through years of close teamwork with the Citizens’ Advisory Committee, an educational community program has been developed, where students collect in-depth knowledge about Raritan Bay’s ecosystems and understand the great impact of the project. As Kate Orff expresses, the Living Breakwaters Project is not just about the physical construction; it represents the long-term recovery of coastal culture, livelihoods, and the revival of the harbor, showing the beauty of life itself. 1．What is the central idea of SCAPE’s “Design for us” concept? A．To increase human comfort in living spaces B．To promote human use through creative designs. C．To decrease environmental impact on design projects. D．To focus on meeting present demands and sharing habitats. 2．Which of the following is NOT the function of the Living Breakwaters Project? A．To lessen coastal erosion. B．To reduce the wave energy. C．To improve coastal adaptability. D．To attract more tourists to the area. 3．What can be inferred from Kate Orff’s words about the Living Breakwaters Project? A．It is mainly about building comfortable structures. B．It plays an important role in creating a diverse habitat. C．It has far-reaching significance beyond its physical form. D．It has succeeded in achieving its expected educational goals. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Living Breakwaters Project: Rebuild by Design. B．Coastal Adaptability: The Solution to Climate Change. C．SCAPE Landscape Architecture: Leader in Creative Design. D．SCAPE’s Creative Design: Balancing Human Needs and Nature. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·四川广安·期末）Green Roofs: Breathing Life into Concrete Jungles Imagine concrete jungles turning into living landscapes. Across global cities, rooftops are being transformed into gardens, creating what we call green roofs. 1 Originally popularized in Germany in the 1960s, this innovative approach is now a worldwide nature-based solution to urban environmental crises, demonstrating how cities can harmonize with ecosystems. Natural Cooling Systems The most immediate benefit lies in cooling overheated cities. 2 The soil and plants act as natural blockers, reducing surface temperatures by up to 40°C in summer. This significantly decreases the ‌“urban heat island” effect where cities become markedly warmer than surrounding rural areas. Consequently, buildings require less air conditioning. Such temperature regulation also improves air quality by reducing ozone formation. Stormwater Managers Another critical function involves managing stormwater. During heavy rainfalls, traditional roofs cause rapid runoff, often resulting in drainage systems overflowing. Green roofs work like sponges, absorbing about 70% of rainfall. And through their layered structure of soil, drainage mats, and plants, green roofs also filter heavy metals and pollutants from rainwater. 3 Biodiversity Sanctuaries (保护区) These raised gardens also create vital habitats for birds, insects, and pollinators (传粉者) in areas where natural spaces are rare. Even simple green roofs with native plants support dozens of insect species. 4 . Urban ecologists confirm that such mini-ecosystems strengthen city recovery ability by maintaining pollination networks and natural pest control. In cities like London and Chicago, rare bird species have been observed nesting on high-rise green roofs. 5 From lowering energy bills to creating wildlife corridors and reducing flood risks, green roofs demonstrate how mixing architecture with ecology can build healthier, more sustainable cities for our future. As climate change worsens, these sky-high gardens symbolize humanity’s potential to coexist creatively with nature. A．These habitats play a key role in urban ecology B．Thus, they prevent water pollution effectively C．Green roofs offer multiple environmental benefits D．Research claims that they remove heat islands entirely E．This is achieved by adding plants and soil on rooftops F．Such designs also lower construction costs significantly G．This concept represents a shift from fighting nature to working with it Passage 6 （24-25高一下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）A major project called green-prescription (处方) helping people in England connect with nature was launched. More than 8,000 people took part in such activities in the project including community gardening, tree planting and wild swimming. 1 The result can show it. After taking part in the project, people’s feelings of happiness and of life being worthwhile jumped to near national averages while levels of anxiety fell significantly. 2 The traditional treatments took up to 1,000 pounds for 10 sessions nearly twice of it. “Green social prescribing” is an effective way of supporting people with mental health. But the project is just in its early stage. 3 It is expected to get a new round of funding from authority to work on expanding its reach because there is an awful lot of demand, both from health services and from a lot of people whose needs are not being met. Connecting with nature is a lifelong resource with proven benefits for mental and physical health. It can cut through generations of pitiable life events. But now many of the patients can’t access nature in this way due to a range of personal, social, and cultural factors. 4 This project has the possibility to reduce the prescribing and treatment costs, as well as addressing many health needs and lowering the risk of several diseases, from diabetes (糖尿病) to depression. So, the project tries its best to help more people. 5 It has sites in Humberside, South Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Manchester, Surrey and the west country. 21% of the people who receive green prescribing are populations from remote areas and 57% from underdeveloped areas. A．Most of them with mental ill health have benefited from it. B．The participants were checked before and after the project. C．The project also found a green prescription was cost-effective. D．The people in need are recommended to the project. E．Its further growth requires the help of the government system. F．That’s why green social prescribing is so important. G．The project has reached a broad range of people now. Passage 7 （24-25高一下·上海黄浦·期末）The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it 1 our kids. Al Gore famously 2 how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, 3 that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that. When 4 with these exaggerations (夸大), some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on handling climate change. This 5 is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, 6 , on global warming’s impact on Datong malaria (疟疾) — which will put slightly more people at 7 in 100 years — instead of dealing with the half a billion people 8 from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be. Exaggeration also wears out the public’s 9 to cope with global warming. If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A majority of people now believe — 10 — that global warming is not even caused by humans. But the 11 cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes — particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal 12 from global warming. The newspaper also reported that parents are 13 effective outlets for their eight-year-olds’ concern with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, 14 to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled over the past half- century, to about 22,000. Despite the possible 15 of summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct. 1．A．exhausts B．depresses C．terrifies D．exploits 2．A．dismissed B．demonstrated C．deposited D．described 3．A．denying B．justifying C．estimating D．advocating 4．A．faced B．identified C．equipped D．entitled 5．A．announcement B．argument C．interaction D．dialogue 6．A．for example B．in addition C．by contrast D．in short 7．A．peace B．leisure C．ease D．risk 8．A．suffering B．evolving C．developing D．prohibiting 9．A．ability B．preference C．willingness D．likelihood 10．A．enthusiasticallyB．incorrectly C．considerately D．reasonably 11．A．smallest B．worst C．fewest D．least 12．A．separation B．reservation C．isolation D．extinction 13．A．turning out B．taking over C．searching for D．pulling through 14．A．sensitive B．contrary C．related D．accustomed 15．A．disappearance B．transformation C．existence D．mobilization Passage 8 （24-25高一下·湖南·期末）Last week, I went to meet Dr Dean Nicolle, who has planted about 10,000 eucalypt (桉树) trees and mallees (桉树灌丛) since 1993. 1 Dean, we now have the Currency Creek Arboretum (金钱溪植物园), bringing Australia’s eucalypt species together for 2 . When I visited, I was 3 by the dry, brown landscape. South Australia is facing its 4 drought in 40 years, and Dean is studying how drought affects the trees. About a third of his trees have died or are 5 . Even though I work in climate media and often read bad news, seeing the dried, brown trees with cracked bark (皲裂的树皮) 6 much worse. Deep inside, I feel a 7 : If the trees cannot survive, neither can we. Eucalypts are strong 8 . They have lived through ice ages, bushfires, and other changes over millions of years. But today, with more heatwaves, droughts and land clearing caused by humans, even eucalypts are 9 . The International Union for Conservation of Nature says 25 percent of eucalypt species are now at risk of 10 . At lunch after my visit, Dean and I talked about 11 sadness over losing trees and nature. Dean tries to focus on his research and I find that sometimes swearing (说脏话) 12 helps. Still, the real 13 is doing more to protect trees and 14 in research. As I drove back to Sydney, looking at the bag of gumnuts (桉树果) Dean gave me, they seemed like little 15 . I hope more people will learn to love eucalypts so we can protect them for the future. 1．A．Prior to B．Instead of C．Thanks to D．Contrary to 2．A．research B．recreation C．commerce D．exhibition 3．A．confused B．convinced C．amused D．shocked 4．A．seasonal B．regional C．mildest D．worst 5．A．suffering B．ceasing C．swinging D．recovering 6．A．sounds B．feels C．looks D．smells 7．A．tendency B．preference C．warning D．promise 8．A．survivors B．creators C．predictors D．operators 9．A．adapting B．struggling C．expanding D．growing 10．A．extinction B．injury C．failure D．conflict 11．A．weighing up B．tearing down C．coping with D．bringing up 12．A．legally B．randomly C．hardly D．literally 13．A．problem B．mystery C．solution D．challenge 14．A．believe B．invest C．consist D．specialize 15．A．burdens B．treasures C．obstacles D．labels Passage 9 （2025·江苏南京·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views. The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff—about 43 stories high— along a via ferrata route with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away as soon as the coach went first and led me.” It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 3 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 4 (name) after the town it’s located near—Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province. The village—a previously 5 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds— 6 (see) bubble tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism. Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs 7 (hang) over the sharp drop. Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as 8 (adventure) visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare—No way I’d ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter. 9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a village r was setting up a stall outside the café shop during Golden Week. Passage 10 （24-25高一下·甘肃天水·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huangshan, one of China’s most iconic scenic areas, is a breathtaking natural wonder 1 (locate) in Anhui Province of eastern China. This UNESCO World Heritage: Site is noted for the unique granite (花岗岩) peaks, hot springs, winter snows, 2 views of the clouds from above. Huangshan’s dramatic landscape 3 (inspire) poets, painters, and photographers for centuries. Huangshan’s most distinctive 4 (feature) are its 72 peaks, which rise above the sea of clouds, creating an unworldly (超凡的) landscape. 5 highest peak, Lotus Peak, stands at 1,864 meters, offering breathtaking splendid views. Huangshan is also famous for 6 (it) specially shaped granite rocks, pine trees that grow out of the rocks and the ever-changing sea of clouds that covers the mountains, providing a 7 (constant) shifting view. Huangshan, 8 houses numerous ancient buildings, pavilions (亭), and engraved stones, appeals to many visitors. Huangshan’s plants and wildlife are diverse, with many species being endemic (特有的) to the region, adding to its ecological 9 (significant). Visitors to Huangshan can explore a variety of scenic routes through the mountains, with well-maintained paths and steps 10 (lead) to most famous viewpoints, including the Begin-to-Believe Peak, Bright Top, and the Heaven Capital Peak. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 At one with nature 与自然融为一体 话题阅读精练 时文拓展阅读 Urban Green Spaces for a Sustainable Future Urban greening is becoming key to sustainable development. Many cities improve the ecological environment by planting trees, building rooftop gardens, and creating urban parks. For example, Singapore’s “Supertrees” not only enhance aesthetics but also collect rainwater and solar energy. Green spaces benefit residents’ health. Studies show that exposure to nature reduces stress and improves mental health. Tokyo’s “Sky Forest” project transforms abandoned buildings into sky gardens, providing citizens with recreational spaces. Urban greening also alleviates the heat island effect. Trees reduce temperatures through transpiration, decreasing air conditioning use. Additionally, green roofs extend building lifespan and reduce energy consumption. 语篇翻译： 城市绿化正成为可持续发展的关键。许多城市通过种植树木、建设屋顶花园和城市公园改善生态环境。例如，新加坡的 “超级树”（Supertrees）不仅美观，还能收集雨水和太阳能。 绿色空间对居民健康有益。研究表明，接触自然可降低压力、提升心理健康。东京的 “天空森林” 项目将废弃建筑改造成空中花园，为市民提供休闲场所。 城市绿化还能缓解热岛效应。树木通过蒸腾作用降低气温，减少空调使用。此外，绿色屋顶可延长建筑寿命，减少能源消耗。 重点词汇： · sustainable (/səˈsteɪnəbl/) adj. 可持续的 · ecological (/ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/) adj. 生态的 · stress reduction (/stres rɪˈdʌkʃn/) 减压 · heat island effect (/hiːt ˈaɪlənd ɪˌfekt/) 热岛效应 · transpiration (/ˌtrænspəˈreɪʃn/) n. 蒸腾作用 长难句分析： Projects like Singapore’s Supertrees not only enhance urban aesthetics but also collect rainwater and solar energy, making cities more sustainable. 抓标志：“not only...but also...”（并列连词），“making”（现在分词短语） 判类型：并列复合句（not only + 主句 1 + but also + 主句 2），后接结果状语（现在分词短语） 试翻译：新加坡 “超级树” 等项目不仅提升城市美观度，还能收集雨水和太阳能，使城市更可持续。 高考真题链接 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题B篇）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 24．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone. C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 25．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem. C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine. 26．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John’s research plans. B．To show an application of John’s idea. C．To compare John’s different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John’s invention. 27．What is the basis for John’s work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 24．C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。 25．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。 26．B 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。 27．A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。 1．“With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.” 抓标志：无明显从属连词，“he figured” 为插入语 判类型：“With the right combination of animals and plants” 为介词短语作条件状语；“he figured” 为插入语；主句为 “maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did”，“the way nature did” 为方式状语（省略了关系词 that/in which）。 试翻译：他认为，只要将动植物恰当组合，或许就能像大自然那样清理废弃物。 2．“‘Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,’ he says. ‘You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.’” 抓标志：关系代词 “what” 判类型：第一句为直接引语（主系表结构）；第二句中 “what’s happening” 为 what 引导的宾语从句，作 “observe” 的宾语；第三句为 “let + 宾语 + 宾补” 结构，“to self-repair” 为不定式作后置定语，修饰 “ways”。 试翻译：他说：“对发明家而言，地球上的生命有点像一盒备用零件。你把生物体置于新的关系中，观察发生的情况。然后让这些新系统自行形成自我修复的方式。” · a series of：一系列；一连串 · get used to：习惯于 · take...as food：把…… 当作食物 · take on：承担；接受 · self-repair：自我修复 · cancer-causing：致癌的 · eco-machine：生态机器（文中指约翰设计的利用生态原理净化污水的设备） · greenhouse-like：类似温室的 · inquiring mind：探究精神；好奇心 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2025高一·全国·专题练习）Located on the Chengdu Plain of the Minjiang River, the Dujiangyan Irrigation System is one of the oldest irrigation systems in the world and also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since its construction around 256 BC during the Qin Dynasty, it has turned into a living relic, benefiting people living on the Chengdu Plain and making many believe that it is actually a greater architectural miracle than the Great Wall. Li Bing, the governor of Shu for the State of Qin, and his son led the construction. Instead of building a dam, they harnessed the river using a new method at that time: dividing the water. There are three main parts of the construction: Yuzui (Fish Mouth Levee), Feishayan (Flying Sand Weir) and Baopingkou (Bottle-Neck Channel). Each has a different, indispensable function. The first Minjiang River barrier is Yuzui. It was built at the bend of the river, where the surging water is divided into the inner and outer rivers by the “dikes”. The lateral canal drains the flood and the inner canal flows into the Chengdu Plain through Baopingkou. Feishayan helps regulate the water flow by allowing excess water and sand to be discharged back into the Minjiang River. This ensures that only a controlled amount of water enters the irrigation network, reducing the risk of flooding in downstream areas. What’s more, it prevents the sand from entering the irrigation channels. The purpose of Baopingkou was to divert and irrigate the water entering the Chengdu Plain. If a large amount of water was blocked by Baopingkou during the flood period, the water level would rise. When the water level exceeded a certain level, the drainage channel behind Feishayan would be discharged to the outer river to achieve the secondary flood discharge. Every design in the Dujiangyan Irrigation System takes full advantage of the local environmental characteristics. It takes advantage of nature instead of conquering it by means of human intervention. 1．Which of the following is true about the Dujiangyan Irrigation System? A．It was built in the Han Dynasty. B．It is made up of four main parts. C．It has a history of more than 2,200 years. D．It’s the largest irrigation project in the world. 2．What does the Dujiangyan Irrigation System mainly do? A．It blocks the water of the Minjiang River. B．It divides the water of the Minjiang River. C．It stores the water of the Minjiang River. D．It changes the route of the Minjiang River. 3．What’s the main function of Feishayan? A．To divide the Minjiang River. B．To change the river’s course. C．To release flood water and deal with sand. D．To control the water entering the Chengdu Plain. 4．What’s behind the Dujiangyan Irrigation System according to the author? A．Ancient Chinese people’s valuing science. B．Ancient Chinese people’s being smarter than us. C．Humans’ taking control of nature and conquering it. D．Humans’ respecting and living in harmony with nature. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了位于岷江成都平原的都江堰灌溉系统，它是世界上最古老的灌溉系统之一，也是联合国教科文组织世界遗产。该系统由李冰及其儿子主持修建，利用分水的方法，将岷江水引入成都平原，实现了防洪和灌溉的功能。都江堰的每个设计都充分利用了当地的环境特点，体现了人与自然和谐共处的理念。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Since its construction around 256 BC during the Qin Dynasty, it has turned into a living relic, benefiting people living on the Chengdu Plain and making many believe that it is actually a greater architectural miracle than the Great Wall.(自公元前256年左右秦朝修建以来，它已成为一个活生生的遗迹，造福了生活在成都平原的人们，并使许多人相信，它实际上是一个比长城更伟大的建筑奇迹。）”可知，都江堰灌溉系统建于秦朝，距今已有2200多年的历史。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Instead of building a dam, they harnessed the river using a new method at that time: dividing the water.(他们没有修建大坝，而是采用了当时的一种新方法：分水来利用河流)”可知，都江堰灌溉系统主要是将岷江的水分开。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Feishayan helps regulate the water flow by allowing excess water and sand to be discharged back into the Minjiang River. This ensures that only a controlled amount of water enters the irrigation network, reducing the risk of flooding in downstream areas. What’s more, it prevents the sand from entering the irrigation channels(飞沙堰通过让多余的水和沙子排回岷江来帮助调节水流。这确保了只有受控的水量进入灌溉网络，降低了下游地区的洪水风险。更重要的是，它防止沙子进入灌溉渠道)”可知，飞沙堰的主要功能是排放洪水和处理沙子。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Every design in the Dujiangyan Irrigation System takes full advantage of the local environmental characteristics. It takes advantage of nature instead of conquering it by means of human intervention(都江堰灌溉系统的每一项设计都充分利用了当地的环境特点。它利用自然，而不是通过人类干预来征服自然)”可知，都江堰灌溉系统的每一项设计都充分利用了当地的环境特点，可推理出都江堰灌溉系统体现了人类对自然的尊重和与自然和谐相处的理念。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·北京海淀·期末）Satellite images and the latest scientific studies may accurately inform us how quickly the world’s glaciers are melting. But American adventurer Garrett Fisher’s mission is different: to uncover the “souls” of disappearing glaciers — as he believes satellite images can’t replicate (复制) the beauty of glaciers. Many glaciers can’t be accessed on foot, or by drone, and helicopters are extremely expensive. Therefore, Fisher flew an old plane and hung his camera out of the window. “With an aeroplane, I can ‘stand’ in a place where a human can’t stand,” he says. “You can look down into the soul of the glacier from a close perspective.” Fisher has spent two summers photographing the glaciers of the Bernese Alps. He chooses the summer because the glaciers stand out clearly, against the surrounding snow. He has to wait for sunshine and then brave violent and unpredictable winds — as well as a lack of oxygen — to climb as high as 14, 000ft in the Bernese Alps. “It takes a long time to wait for the right kind of day. The conventional wisdom is that the wind cannot be higher than 20 knots but I’ve gone up in as much as 50. At high altitudes, the wind tends not to be turbulent (猛烈的) if you’re on the proper side of the mountain. So it’s a lot like surfing this giant wave: if you stay in the right spot, everything’s fine.” In deep valleys, he is usually out of radio contact. If his plane gets into trouble, the glaciers look like a decent emergency runway but appearances are misleading. “Those cracks are so large that if the engine quits and I go in one, the authorities probably wouldn’t ever find me again,” he says. “The risk is huge, but it’s absolutely worth it.” Fisher’s flying is showing the rapid melting of glaciers. “Everything I’m looking at will be gone in three generations.” He has now set up a non-profit group, the Global Glacier Initiative, with the aim of collecting a personal pictorial record of glaciers to record what is being lost and campaign for more decisive action to fight the climate crisis. “I’m willing to take the next 20 years and go chase every single glacier I can find on the planet,” he says. 1．Fisher photographs glaciers by aeroplane to ______. A．ensure the safety during flight B．catch the beauty of glaciers up close C．stand on some famous glaciers D．collect accurate data of glacier melting 2．What can we learn from Fisher’s photographing experience? A．He coped with high-altitude flying skillfully. B．He chose summer to avoid the unpredictable winds. C．He regarded glaciers as a practical emergency runway. D．He managed to keep contact with the outside in a crack. 3．The last paragraph emphasize Fisher’s ______. A．anxiety over the rapid melting of glaciers B．determination to record disappearing glaciers C．ambition to set a record for photographing glaciers D．frustration with current actions against climate crisis 4．Which of the following words best describe Fisher? A．Adventurous and far-sighted. B．Optimistic and soft-hearted. C．Talented and strong-willed. D．Devoted and open-minded. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了美国探险家加勒特·费舍尔（Garrett Fisher）通过驾驶老式飞机，近距离拍摄正在消失的冰川，以记录它们的美丽并唤起人们对气候变化危机的关注。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But American adventurer Garrett Fisher’s mission is different: to uncover the “souls” of disappearing glaciers — as he believes satellite images can’t replicate (复制) the beauty of glaciers. (但美国探险家加勒特·费舍尔的任务不同：揭开消失冰川的“灵魂”——因为他认为卫星图像无法复制冰川的美丽。)”以及第二段中“ “With an aeroplane, I can ‘stand’ in a place where a human can’t stand,” he says. “You can look down into the soul of the glacier from a close perspective.” (“有了飞机，我就能‘站’在人类无法站立的地方，”他说。“你可以从近距离俯瞰冰川的灵魂。”)”可知，费舍尔乘坐飞机拍摄冰川是为了近距离捕捉冰川的美丽。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He has to wait for sunshine and then brave violent and unpredictable winds — as well as a lack of oxygen — to climb as high as 14, 000ft in the Bernese Alps. “It takes a long time to wait for the right kind of day. The conventional wisdom is that the wind cannot be higher than 20 knots but I’ve gone up in as much as 50. At high altitudes, the wind tends not to be turbulent (猛烈的) if you’re on the proper side of the mountain. So it’s a lot like surfing this giant wave: if you stay in the right spot, everything’s fine.” (他必须等待阳光，然后要勇敢面对狂风和变幻莫测的气流，还要应对缺氧问题，才能在伯尔尼阿尔卑斯山脉攀登至14,000英尺的高度。“等待合适的天气需要很长时间。一般的经验是，风速不能超过20节，但我曾在风速高达50节的情况下登山。在高海拔地区，如果你处于山的合适一侧，风往往不会那么猛烈。所以这很像在驾驭巨浪：如果你待在合适的位置，一切就都没问题。”)”可知，费舍尔在拍摄过程中，需要应对高海拔、强风和缺氧等挑战，但他能够巧妙地应对这些挑战，说明他熟练地应对了高空飞行。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fisher’s flying is showing the rapid melting of glaciers. “Everything I’m looking at will be gone in three generations.” He has now set up a non-profit group, the Global Glacier Initiative, with the aim of collecting a personal pictorial record of glaciers to record what is being lost and campaign for more decisive action to fight the climate crisis. “I’m willing to take the next 20 years and go chase every single glacier I can find on the planet,” he says. (费舍尔的飞行展示了冰川的快速融化。“我所看到的一切在三代人之后都将消失。”他现在成立了一个非营利组织“全球冰川倡议”，旨在收集冰川的个人图片记录，以记录正在失去的东西，并发起运动，呼吁采取更果断的行动来应对气候危机。“我愿意在接下来的20年里，去追寻地球上我能找到的每一条冰川，”他说。)”可知，最后一段强调了费舍尔记录正在消失的冰川的决心。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Many glaciers can’t be accessed on foot, or by drone, and helicopters are extremely expensive. Therefore, Fisher flew an old plane and hung his camera out of the window. (许多冰川无法步行或无人机进入，直升机也极其昂贵。因此，费舍尔驾驶一架旧飞机，把相机挂在窗外。)”以及最后一段中“I’m willing to take the next 20 years and go chase every single glacier I can find on the planet, (我愿意在接下来的20年里，去追寻地球上能找到的每一座冰川，)”可知，费舍尔敢于冒险，驾驶老式飞机拍摄冰川，并且他愿意花费20年的时间去追寻每一座冰川，着眼于冰川保护和气候危机应对，说明他具有远见卓识。因此，A项Adventurous and far-sighted. (冒险和有远见的。)最能描述费舍尔。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·北京海淀·期末）A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science. Mirror life has to do with the universal phenomenon in the natural world in which a molecule or another object cannot simply be superimposed (重叠) on another. For example, your left hand can’t simply be turned over to match your right hand. This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules. The authors are worried about mirror bacteria, the simplest life-form their concerns apply to. The capability to create mirror bacteria does not yet exist and is “at least a decade away”, but progress is underway. Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life. The initial enthusiasm for creating mirror versions of bacteria began with simpler imaginings. Researchers explored the use of mirror-image proteins and other molecules that are the building blocks of such an organism. One application is in drugs. Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer. Many immune system mechanisms also rely on handedness. T cells, responsible for recognizing foreign invaders, for example, might fail to bind to something with the wrong handedness, which could help therapies made from mirror molecules avoid triggering immune reactions in patients. Another potential application of mirror bacteria might be bioreactors (生物反应器), biological factories that use cells or microorganisms to produce various compounds like antibiotics and other medicines. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) can wipe out bacteria-based bioreactors, costing huge amounts of time and money, but it is likely they wouldn’t infect mirror bacteria, because they wouldn’t recognize their molecules. It is these supposedly advantageous properties that gave rise to the scientists’ concerns. The ability to avoid immune responses could allow bacteria to cause deadly infections as they multiply uncontrollably. Unlike viruses, bacteria don’t require specific molecular interactions to infect hosts, and mirror bacteria could affect a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. And a lack of natural enemies could enable mirror bacteria to spread widely through ecosystems. 1．Why is “handedness” important in biology? A．It helps biomolecules to change functions when needed. B．It ensures biomolecules to recognize their reversed forms. C．It enables biomolecules to be superimposed on each other. D．It allows biomolecules to interact correctly with each other. 2．What is Adamala’s attitude towards the development of mirror bacteria? A．Defensive. B．Enthusiastic. C．Neutral. D．Worried. 3．What can we learn about the application of mirror life technology? A．Mirror molecules help to activate immune reactions. B．Mirror molecules can extend the effect of some drugs. C．Mirror bacteria can be used to cure some rare diseases. D．Mirror bacteria have the potential to damage bioreactors. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．Process and challenges of mirror life research. B．Applications and benefits of mirror molecules. C．The concept and potential impacts of mirror life. D．Replacement of natural bacteria by mirror bacteria. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“镜像生命”这一合成生物类别的概念，以及其可能对人类生命和生态系统带来的巨大风险，同时探讨了镜像生命技术的潜在应用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules. (这种手性在生物学中非常重要，因为生物分子之间的相互作用依赖于它们具有预期的形式。例如，如果蛋白质的手性颠倒，它就不能与配体分子相互作用。)”可知，手性在生物学中很重要是因为它允许生物分子之间正确地相互作用。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life. (这篇文章的一位合著者Katarzyna Adamala担心，镜像细菌可能会对生态造成永久性破坏，并导致生命损失。)”可知，Adamala对镜像细菌的发展持担忧态度。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer. (有些药物必须反复服用，因为身体会分解它们。镜像分子可以抵抗这一过程，使由它们制成的药物持续时间更长。)”可知，镜像分子可以延长某些药物的效果。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是根据第一段中“A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science. (根据最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇文章，一类被称为“镜像生命”的合成生物，其组成分子是自然界对应分子的镜像，可能对人类生命和生态系统构成巨大风险。)”可知，本文主要介绍了“镜像生命”的概念以及其可能对人类生命和生态系统带来的巨大风险，即镜像生命的潜在影响。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·重庆·期末）SCAPE Landscape Architecture takes the lead in creative design with its groundbreaking “Design for us” idea. Though traditional ways stress human use and comfort, this forward-thinking belief places adaptation to modern needs and the creation of shared living spaces first. Kate Orff, the head of SCAPE, notes in an interview that humans have contributed much to the environmental problems. Over the past decades, actions such as destroying protective coral reefs (珊瑚礁), and constructing in weak areas like sandy beaches have worsened the situation. A good example of SCAPE’s typical work is the impressive $111-million Living Breakwaters Project on Staten Island’s South Shore. Born out of the “Rebuild by Design” competition started after the destructive Hurricane Sandy in 2012, this project was regarded as a solution to strengthening coastal adaptability. SCAPE’s winning design featured an idea of adaptability in several aspects. Its 8 coastal breakwaters (防波堤), made from stone and concrete, were designed to decrease wave energy and calm the water. Through modeling, the team developed a long-term plan not only to relieve but also to prevent coastal erosion (侵蚀) in the future. In addition, the breakwaters’ unique design, equipped with “reef roads,” plays an important role in creating a diverse habitat to improve sealife biodiversity. With the project’s completion, the oyster, a sea creature, once forced away by climate change, is being reintroduced to its natural habitat. Beyond its physical and ecological achievements, the project also focuses on promoting social adaptability. Through years of close teamwork with the Citizens’ Advisory Committee, an educational community program has been developed, where students collect in-depth knowledge about Raritan Bay’s ecosystems and understand the great impact of the project. As Kate Orff expresses, the Living Breakwaters Project is not just about the physical construction; it represents the long-term recovery of coastal culture, livelihoods, and the revival of the harbor, showing the beauty of life itself. 1．What is the central idea of SCAPE’s “Design for us” concept? A．To increase human comfort in living spaces B．To promote human use through creative designs. C．To decrease environmental impact on design projects. D．To focus on meeting present demands and sharing habitats. 2．Which of the following is NOT the function of the Living Breakwaters Project? A．To lessen coastal erosion. B．To reduce the wave energy. C．To improve coastal adaptability. D．To attract more tourists to the area. 3．What can be inferred from Kate Orff’s words about the Living Breakwaters Project? A．It is mainly about building comfortable structures. B．It plays an important role in creating a diverse habitat. C．It has far-reaching significance beyond its physical form. D．It has succeeded in achieving its expected educational goals. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Living Breakwaters Project: Rebuild by Design. B．Coastal Adaptability: The Solution to Climate Change. C．SCAPE Landscape Architecture: Leader in Creative Design. D．SCAPE’s Creative Design: Balancing Human Needs and Nature. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了SCAPE景观设计公司的“Design for us”理念，以其Living Breakwaters项目为例，说明设计如何协调人类需求与自然生态，实现人与自然的可持续平衡。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Though traditional ways stress human use and comfort, this forward-thinking belief places adaptation to modern needs and the creation of shared living spaces first. (尽管传统方法强调人类使用和舒适性，但这种前瞻性理念优先考虑适应现代需求和创造共享生活空间)”可知，SCAPE的“Design for us”核心理念是关注当下需求并创造共享栖息地。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“this project was regarded as a solution to strengthening coastal adaptability (这一项目被视为增强海岸适应能力的有效解决方案)”和“Its 8 coastal breakwaters (防波堤), made from stone and concrete, were designed to decrease wave energy and calm the water. Through modeling, the team developed a long-term plan not only to relieve but also to prevent coastal erosion (侵蚀) in the future. (该项目的8座海岸防波堤采用石材与混凝土建造，其设计能有效削弱波浪能量、稳定水域。团队通过建模分析制定了长期规划，不仅着眼缓解当前海岸侵蚀问题，更致力于预防未来的侵蚀风险)”可知，该项目的功能涵盖减少海岸侵蚀、减少波浪能量、提高沿海适应能力，但不包括吸引更多游客。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As Kate Orff expresses, the Living Breakwaters Project is not just about the physical construction; it represents the long-term recovery of coastal culture, livelihoods, and the revival of the harbor, showing the beauty of life itself. (正如Kate Orff所言，Living Breakwaters项目远不止是一项实体工程——它象征着海岸文化的长期复兴、渔民生计的可持续恢复，以及港湾生态的重生，展现了生命之美)”可知，该项目带来的影响是多重的，是深远的，远超其实体形态。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“SCAPE Landscape Architecture takes the lead in creative design with its groundbreaking “Design for us” idea. Though traditional ways stress human use and comfort, this forward-thinking belief places adaptation to modern needs and the creation of shared living spaces first. (SCAPE景观设计公司凭借其开创性的“Design for us”理念，在创意设计领域占据领先地位。尽管传统方法强调人类使用和舒适性，但这种前瞻性理念优先考虑适应现代需求和创造共享生活空间)”和第二段中“A good example of SCAPE’s typical work is the impressive $111-million Living Breakwaters Project on Staten Island’s South Shore. (SCAPE公司最具代表性的作品之一，就是位于史坦顿岛南岸造价1.11亿美元的Living Breakwaters项目，这个令人印象深刻的项目堪称典范)”可知，文章介绍了SCAPE景观设计公司的“Design for us”理念，以其Living Breakwaters项目为例，说明设计如何协调人类需求与自然生态，实现人与自然的可持续平衡。因此，D项“SCAPE的创新设计：平衡人类需求与自然”涵盖了SCAPE的设计理念，以及Living Breakwaters项目实现的效果，最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·四川广安·期末）Green Roofs: Breathing Life into Concrete Jungles Imagine concrete jungles turning into living landscapes. Across global cities, rooftops are being transformed into gardens, creating what we call green roofs. 1 Originally popularized in Germany in the 1960s, this innovative approach is now a worldwide nature-based solution to urban environmental crises, demonstrating how cities can harmonize with ecosystems. Natural Cooling Systems The most immediate benefit lies in cooling overheated cities. 2 The soil and plants act as natural blockers, reducing surface temperatures by up to 40°C in summer. This significantly decreases the ‌“urban heat island” effect where cities become markedly warmer than surrounding rural areas. Consequently, buildings require less air conditioning. Such temperature regulation also improves air quality by reducing ozone formation. Stormwater Managers Another critical function involves managing stormwater. During heavy rainfalls, traditional roofs cause rapid runoff, often resulting in drainage systems overflowing. Green roofs work like sponges, absorbing about 70% of rainfall. And through their layered structure of soil, drainage mats, and plants, green roofs also filter heavy metals and pollutants from rainwater. 3 Biodiversity Sanctuaries (保护区) These raised gardens also create vital habitats for birds, insects, and pollinators (传粉者) in areas where natural spaces are rare. Even simple green roofs with native plants support dozens of insect species. 4 . Urban ecologists confirm that such mini-ecosystems strengthen city recovery ability by maintaining pollination networks and natural pest control. In cities like London and Chicago, rare bird species have been observed nesting on high-rise green roofs. 5 From lowering energy bills to creating wildlife corridors and reducing flood risks, green roofs demonstrate how mixing architecture with ecology can build healthier, more sustainable cities for our future. As climate change worsens, these sky-high gardens symbolize humanity’s potential to coexist creatively with nature. A．These habitats play a key role in urban ecology B．Thus, they prevent water pollution effectively C．Green roofs offer multiple environmental benefits D．Research claims that they remove heat islands entirely E．This is achieved by adding plants and soil on rooftops F．Such designs also lower construction costs significantly G．This concept represents a shift from fighting nature to working with it 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色屋顶这一创新概念，阐述了它在降温、管理雨水、保护生物多样性等方面的环境益处，体现了建筑与生态结合对城市可持续发展的作用。 1．上文“Across global cities, rooftops are being transformed into gardens, creating what we call green roofs.(在全球的城市中，屋顶正在被改造成花园，形成了我们所说的绿色屋顶)”引出绿色屋顶这一概念，G选项“This concept represents a shift from fighting nature to working with it.(这一概念代表了从与自然对抗到与自然合作的转变)”进一步说明绿色屋顶概念的意义，与上文衔接自然，解释了这种转变的含义。故选G项。 2．上文“The most immediate benefit lies in cooling overheated cities.(最直接的好处在于为过热的城市降温)”指出绿色屋顶的降温好处，E选项“This is achieved by adding plants and soil on rooftops.(这是通过在屋顶上添加植物和土壤来实现的)”说明实现降温的具体方式，与上文逻辑紧密，解释了如何达到降温效果。故选E项。 3．上文“Green roofs work like sponges, absorbing about 70% of rainfall. And through their layered structure of soil, drainage mats, and plants, green roofs also filter heavy metals and pollutants from rainwater.(绿色屋顶像海绵一样，吸收大约70%的降雨。通过土壤、排水垫和植物的分层结构，绿色屋顶还能过滤雨水中的重金属和污染物)”介绍了绿色屋顶对雨水的吸收和过滤作用，B选项“Thus, they prevent water pollution effectively.(因此，它们能有效防止水污染)”说明这种作用带来的结果，与上文因果关系明确。故选B项。 4．上文“These raised gardens also create vital habitats for birds, insects, and pollinators (传粉者) in areas where natural spaces are rare. Even simple green roofs with native plants support dozens of insect species.(这些高架花园还为鸟类、昆虫和传粉者在自然空间稀缺的地区创造了重要的栖息地。即使是种植本土植物的简单绿色屋顶也能支持数十种昆虫物种)”强调了绿色屋顶对生物栖息地的创造作用，A选项“These habitats play a key role in urban ecology(这些栖息地在城市生态中起着关键作用)”进一步说明这些栖息地的重要性，与上文话题一致，逻辑连贯。故选A项。 5．下文“From lowering energy bills to creating wildlife corridors and reducing flood risks, green roofs demonstrate how mixing architecture with ecology can build healthier, more sustainable cities for our future.(从降低能源账单到创造野生动物通道和降低洪水风险，绿色屋顶展示了如何将建筑与生态结合，为我们的未来建设更健康、更可持续的城市)”列举了绿色屋顶的诸多好处，C选项“Green roofs offer multiple environmental benefits(绿色屋顶提供多种环境益处)”是对下文内容的概括总结，引出下文具体好处的介绍。故选C项。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）A major project called green-prescription (处方) helping people in England connect with nature was launched. More than 8,000 people took part in such activities in the project including community gardening, tree planting and wild swimming. 1 The result can show it. After taking part in the project, people’s feelings of happiness and of life being worthwhile jumped to near national averages while levels of anxiety fell significantly. 2 The traditional treatments took up to 1,000 pounds for 10 sessions nearly twice of it. “Green social prescribing” is an effective way of supporting people with mental health. But the project is just in its early stage. 3 It is expected to get a new round of funding from authority to work on expanding its reach because there is an awful lot of demand, both from health services and from a lot of people whose needs are not being met. Connecting with nature is a lifelong resource with proven benefits for mental and physical health. It can cut through generations of pitiable life events. But now many of the patients can’t access nature in this way due to a range of personal, social, and cultural factors. 4 This project has the possibility to reduce the prescribing and treatment costs, as well as addressing many health needs and lowering the risk of several diseases, from diabetes (糖尿病) to depression. So, the project tries its best to help more people. 5 It has sites in Humberside, South Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Manchester, Surrey and the west country. 21% of the people who receive green prescribing are populations from remote areas and 57% from underdeveloped areas. A．Most of them with mental ill health have benefited from it. B．The participants were checked before and after the project. C．The project also found a green prescription was cost-effective. D．The people in need are recommended to the project. E．Its further growth requires the help of the government system. F．That’s why green social prescribing is so important. G．The project has reached a broad range of people now. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．E 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“绿色处方”的重大项目，该项目旨在帮助英格兰的人们与自然建立联系，并详细说明了项目的实施情况、效果、成本效益以及未来的发展前景。 1．上文“A major project called green-prescription (处方) helping people in England connect with nature was launched. More than 8,000 people took part in such activities in the project including community gardening, tree planting and wild swimming.(英国启动了一项名为“绿色处方”的重大项目，旨在帮助人们与自然建立联系。超过8000人参与了该项目的社区园艺、植树和野外游泳等活动。)”提到超8000人参与“绿色处方”项目。选项A“Most of them with mental ill health have benefited from it.(大部分有心理健康问题的人已从中受益。)”承接参与人数，引出后文效果，逻辑连贯。故选A。 2．下文“The traditional treatments took up to 1,000 pounds for 10 sessions nearly twice of it. (传统治疗10个疗程花费高达1000英镑，几乎是其两倍。)”对比传统治疗费用和绿色处方的性价比。选项C“The project also found a green prescription was cost-effective.(项目还发现“绿色处方”具有成本效益。)”直接对应费用对比，且“also”衔接前文的健康效果。故选C。 3．下文“It is expected to get a new round of funding from authority to work on expanding its reach because there is an awful lot of demand, both from health services and from a lot of people whose needs are not being met.(由于医疗服务和许多需求未得到满足的人群都有巨大需求，该项目有望获得当局新一轮资金以扩大覆盖范围。)”提到期待获得政府新一轮资金。选项E“Its further growth requires the help of the government system.(其进一步发展需要政府体系的帮助。)”进一步发展需要政府体系支持与“funding”形成原词呼应，符合语境。故选E。 4．空前“But now many of the patients can’t access nature in this way due to a range of personal, social, and cultural factors.(但如今，由于一系列个人、社会和文化因素，许多患者无法以这种方式接触自然。)”指出患者因各种因素无法接触自然。选项F“That’s why green social prescribing is so important.(这就是绿色社会处方如此重要的原因。)”总结前文问题，引出后文项目的益处。故选F。 5．下文“It has sites in Humberside, South Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Manchester, Surrey and the west country. 21% of the people who receive green prescribing are populations from remote areas and 57% from underdeveloped areas.(其在亨伯赛德、南约克郡、德比郡、诺丁汉郡、曼彻斯特、萨里和西部地区均设有站点。接受“绿色处方”的人群中，21%来自偏远地区，57%来自欠发达地区。)”列举项目覆盖地区及人群。选项G“The project has reached a broad range of people now.(目前该项目已惠及广泛人群。)”作为段首句自然引出下文内容，与本段内容相符。故选G。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·上海黄浦·期末）The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it 1 our kids. Al Gore famously 2 how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, 3 that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that. When 4 with these exaggerations (夸大), some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on handling climate change. This 5 is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, 6 , on global warming’s impact on Datong malaria (疟疾) — which will put slightly more people at 7 in 100 years — instead of dealing with the half a billion people 8 from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be. Exaggeration also wears out the public’s 9 to cope with global warming. If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A majority of people now believe — 10 — that global warming is not even caused by humans. But the 11 cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes — particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal 12 from global warming. The newspaper also reported that parents are 13 effective outlets for their eight-year-olds’ concern with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, 14 to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled over the past half- century, to about 22,000. Despite the possible 15 of summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct. 1．A．exhausts B．depresses C．terrifies D．exploits 2．A．dismissed B．demonstrated C．deposited D．described 3．A．denying B．justifying C．estimating D．advocating 4．A．faced B．identified C．equipped D．entitled 5．A．announcement B．argument C．interaction D．dialogue 6．A．for example B．in addition C．by contrast D．in short 7．A．peace B．leisure C．ease D．risk 8．A．suffering B．evolving C．developing D．prohibiting 9．A．ability B．preference C．willingness D．likelihood 10．A．enthusiasticallyB．incorrectly C．considerately D．reasonably 11．A．smallest B．worst C．fewest D．least 12．A．separation B．reservation C．isolation D．extinction 13．A．turning out B．taking over C．searching for D．pulling through 14．A．sensitive B．contrary C．related D．accustomed 15．A．disappearance B．transformation C．existence D．mobilization 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述媒体对全球变暖的夸张报道致人们过度恐惧，尤其吓坏孩子，实则诸多担忧无必要。 1．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：更糟糕的是，它吓坏了我们的孩子。A. exhausts使筋疲力尽；B. depresses使沮丧；C. terrifies使恐惧；D. exploits剥削。根据上文“makes us unnecessarily frightened”及下文“nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal 　12　 from global warming”可知，这里指媒体对全球变暖的夸张报道让孩子恐惧，terrifies与frightened呼应。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：阿尔・戈尔曾著名地描述过海平面上升20英尺将几乎完全淹没佛罗里达等地的情景，尽管联合国称这种情况根本不会发生，估计海平面上升幅度将比那少20倍。A. dismissed驳回；B. demonstrated证明；C. deposited沉积；D. described描述。根据下文“how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida”以及语境可知，此处指戈尔描述了淹没场景，并非真实发生，described符合语境。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：句意：阿尔・戈尔曾著名地描述过海平面上升20英尺将几乎完全淹没佛罗里达等地的情景，尽管联合国称这种情况根本不会发生，估计海平面上升幅度将比那少20倍。A. denying否认；B. justifying证明合理；C. estimating估计；D. advocating提倡。根据下文“that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that”以及语境可知，这是联合国后对海平面上升的估计数据，estimating符合科学机构的表述方式。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：当面对这些夸张说法时，我们中有人认为它们是为了正当目的，如果结果是我们更加关注应对气候变化，那么肯定没有坏处。A. faced面对；B. identified识别；C. equipped装备；D. entitled使有资格。根据下文“with these exaggerations”以及语境可知，这里指指人们面对媒体的夸张报道，be faced with，为固定搭配，意为“面对”，与“these exaggerations”搭配，符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：这种论点大错特错。A. announcement公告；B. argument论点；C. interaction互动；D. dialogue对话。根据上文“that they are for a good cause”以及语境可知，这是部分人持有的论点，argument指前文提到的“夸张报道有益”的观点，符合语境。故选B项。 6．考查介词短语辨析。 句意：例如，我们关注的是全球变暖对Datong疟疾的影响——这将在100年内使更多的人面临风险——而不是用比减少碳排放更便宜、更有效的预防和治疗政策来应对今天患有疟疾的5亿人。A. for example例如；B. in addition此外；C. by contrast相比之下；D. in short总之。根据下文“global warming’s impact on Datong malaria”以及语境可知，这是对“worry less about other things”的举例说明，for example符合逻辑。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：例如，我们关注的是全球变暖对Datong疟疾的影响——这将在100年内使更多的人面临风险——而不是用比减少碳排放更便宜、更有效的预防和治疗政策来应对今天患有疟疾的5亿人。A. peace和平；B. leisure休闲；C. ease安逸；D. risk风险。根据上文“Datong malaria”以及语境可知，这里指Datong疟疾使更多的人面临风险，put sb. at risk，为固定搭配，意为“使某人面临风险”，符合语境。故选D项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：例如，我们关注的是全球变暖对Datong疟疾的影响——这将在100年内使更多的人面临风险——而不是用比减少碳排放更便宜、更有效的预防和治疗政策来应对今天患有疟疾的5亿人。A. suffering遭受；B. evolving进化；C. developing发展；D. prohibiting禁止。根据下文“from malaria today”以及语境可知，这里表示遭受疟疾的人们，suffer from表示“遭受……之苦”，与“half a billion people”和“malaria”搭配，指疟疾患者的现状。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：夸张还会削弱公众应对全球变暖的意愿。A. ability能力；B. preference偏好；C. willingness意愿；D. likelihood可能性。根据下文“If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? ” 可知，这里指过度夸张会降低人们行动的意愿，willingness符合语境。故选C项。 10．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：大多数人现在错误地认为全球变暖甚至不是人类引起的。A. enthusiastically热情地；B. incorrectly错误地；C. considerately体贴地；D. reasonably合理地。根据下文“that global warming is not even caused by humans”及科学事实可知，“全球变暖非人类所致”这观点是错误的。故选B项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：但我认为，夸张最严重的代价是它引起的不必要恐慌，特别是在孩子当中。A. smallest最小的；B. worst最严重的；C. fewest最少的；D. least最小的。根据下文“particularly among children”及“who cries about the possibility of mass animal 　　12　　 from global warming” 可知，对孩子的影响是夸张带来的最严重后果，worst强调程度。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：九岁的艾丽莎为全球变暖可能导致大量动物灭绝而哭泣。A. separation分离；B. reservation保留；C. isolation孤立；D. extinction灭绝。根据下文“dying polar bears”和“polar bears will not become extinct”可知，孩子担心的是动物灭绝，extinction为原词复现。故选D项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。 句意：报纸还报道说，父母们在为八岁孩子对濒危北极熊的担忧寻找有效的宣泄途径。A. turning out结果是；B. taking over接管；C. searching for寻找；D. pulling through渡过难关。根据下文“effective outlets for their eight-year-olds’ concern with dying polar bears”以及语境可知，这里指父母们在为八岁孩子对濒危北极熊的担忧寻找有效的宣泄途径。searching for effective outlets，表示“寻找有效的宣泄方式”，符合父母应对孩子焦虑的场景。故选C项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：让他们知道，与普遍看法相反，全球北极熊数量在过去半个世纪翻了一番。A. sensitive敏感的；B. contrary相反的；C. related相关的；D. accustomed习惯的。根据下文“polar bears will not become extinct”以及语境可知，这里指实际情况与普遍看法相反，contrary to common belief，表示“与普遍看法相反”，与“has doubled”的事实形成对比。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：尽管北极夏季冰层可能消失，北极熊不会灭绝。A. disappearance消失；B. transformation转变；C. existence存在；D. mobilization动员。根据下文“polar bears will not become extinct”以及Despite表转折可知，这里指尽管北极夏季冰层可能消失，但是北极熊不会灭绝，与“polar bears will not become extinct”形成让步关系。故选A项。 Passage 8 （24-25高一下·湖南·期末）Last week, I went to meet Dr Dean Nicolle, who has planted about 10,000 eucalypt (桉树) trees and mallees (桉树灌丛) since 1993. 1 Dean, we now have the Currency Creek Arboretum (金钱溪植物园), bringing Australia’s eucalypt species together for 2 . When I visited, I was 3 by the dry, brown landscape. South Australia is facing its 4 drought in 40 years, and Dean is studying how drought affects the trees. About a third of his trees have died or are 5 . Even though I work in climate media and often read bad news, seeing the dried, brown trees with cracked bark (皲裂的树皮) 6 much worse. Deep inside, I feel a 7 : If the trees cannot survive, neither can we. Eucalypts are strong 8 . They have lived through ice ages, bushfires, and other changes over millions of years. But today, with more heatwaves, droughts and land clearing caused by humans, even eucalypts are 9 . The International Union for Conservation of Nature says 25 percent of eucalypt species are now at risk of 10 . At lunch after my visit, Dean and I talked about 11 sadness over losing trees and nature. Dean tries to focus on his research and I find that sometimes swearing (说脏话) 12 helps. Still, the real 13 is doing more to protect trees and 14 in research. As I drove back to Sydney, looking at the bag of gumnuts (桉树果) Dean gave me, they seemed like little 15 . I hope more people will learn to love eucalypts so we can protect them for the future. 1．A．Prior to B．Instead of C．Thanks to D．Contrary to 2．A．research B．recreation C．commerce D．exhibition 3．A．confused B．convinced C．amused D．shocked 4．A．seasonal B．regional C．mildest D．worst 5．A．suffering B．ceasing C．swinging D．recovering 6．A．sounds B．feels C．looks D．smells 7．A．tendency B．preference C．warning D．promise 8．A．survivors B．creators C．predictors D．operators 9．A．adapting B．struggling C．expanding D．growing 10．A．extinction B．injury C．failure D．conflict 11．A．weighing up B．tearing down C．coping with D．bringing up 12．A．legally B．randomly C．hardly D．literally 13．A．problem B．mystery C．solution D．challenge 14．A．believe B．invest C．consist D．specialize 15．A．burdens B．treasures C．obstacles D．labels 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者探访植物园，目睹了在干旱中挣扎的桉树林，发现气候变化对桉树生存构成严重威胁，呼吁人们保护这些树木和自然。 1．考查介词短语辨析。句意：多亏了Dean，我们现在有了金钱溪植物园，把澳大利亚的桉树物种聚集在一起进行研究。A. Prior to在……之前；B. Instead of代替；C. Thanks to多亏了；D. Contrary to与……相反。根据上文“Last week, I went to meet Dr Dean Nicolle, who has planted about 10,000 eucalypt (桉树) trees and mallees (桉树灌丛) since 1993.”可知，Dean Nicolle博士自1993年以来种植了大约1万棵桉树和桉树灌丛，因此是多亏了他才有了金钱溪植物园。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了Dean，我们现在有了金钱溪植物园，把澳大利亚的桉树物种聚集在一起进行研究。A. research研究；B. recreation娱乐；C. commerce商业；D. exhibition展览。根据下文“Dean is studying how drought affects the trees”可知，Dean从事研究工作，因此是把澳大利亚的桉树物种聚集在一起进行研究。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我去参观时，我被那里干燥、棕色的风景所震惊。A. confused困惑的；B. convinced确信的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. shocked震惊的。根据下文“the dry, brown landscape”可知，那里的风景是干燥的、棕色的，会给作者带来强烈的冲击，让作者感到震惊。故选D。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：南澳大利亚正面临着40年来最糟糕的干旱，Dean正在研究干旱对树木的影响。A. seasonal季节性的；B. regional地区的；C. mildest最温和的；D. worst最糟糕的。根据上文“the dry, brown landscape”可知，那里的风景是干燥的、棕色的，说明树木的生长情况很糟糕，因此是面临着40年来最糟糕的干旱。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约三分之一的树已经死亡或正在遭受痛苦。A. suffering受苦；B. ceasing停止；C. swinging摇摆；D. recovering恢复。根据上文“About a third of his trees have died”可知，与树木“死亡”相呼应的是“遭受痛苦”的状态。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我在气候媒体工作，经常看到坏消息，但看到树皮开裂的干燥棕色树木，感觉要糟糕得多。A. sounds听起来；B. feels感觉；C. looks看起来；D. smells闻起来。根据上文“seeing the dried, brown trees with cracked bark (皲裂的树皮)”可知，看到树皮开裂的干燥棕色树木带给作者强烈的触动，让作者感觉要糟糕得多。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在内心深处，我感受到一种警告：如果树木不能生存，我们也不能。A. tendency趋势；B. preference偏好；C. warning警告；D. promise承诺。根据下文“If the trees cannot survive, neither can we”可知，“如果树木不能生存，我们也不能”是作者看到的景象发出的警告。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：桉树是强大的幸存者。A. survivors幸存者；B. creators创造者；C. predictors预测者；D. operators操作者。根据下文“They have lived through ice ages, bushfires, and other changes over millions of years.”可知，桉树经历了数百万年的冰河时代、森林大火和其他变化，因此是强大的幸存者。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但今天，随着人类造成的更多热浪、干旱和土地开垦，即使是桉树也在挣扎。A. adapting适应；B. struggling挣扎；C. expanding扩展；D. growing生长。根据“But”表示的转折，以及上文“with more heatwaves, droughts and land clearing caused by humans”可知，虽然桉树经历了众多变化存活至今，但热浪、干旱和土地开垦给它们带来了威胁，让它们苦苦挣扎。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：国际自然保护联盟表示，25%的桉树物种现在面临灭绝的危险。A. extinction灭绝；B. injury伤害；C. failure失败；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“About a third of his trees have died or are ___5___.”可知，很多桉树已经死亡，因此是面临灭绝的危险。故选A。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我拜访之后的午餐时间，Dean和我讨论了如何应对失去树木和自然的悲伤。A. weighing up权衡；B. tearing down拆除；C. coping with应对；D. bringing up提出。根据下文“Dean tries to focus on his research and I find that sometimes swearing (说脏话) ___12___ helps.”可知，专注于研究、说脏话都是应对失去树木和自然的悲伤的一些方法。故选C。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Dean试着专注于他的研究，我发现有时候说脏话确实很有帮助。A. legally合法地；B. randomly随机地；C. hardly几乎不；D. literally确实。根据上文“Even though I work in climate media and often read bad news”和“swearing (说脏话)”可知，对作者这样的气候媒体工作者而言，有时说脏话确实可以缓解悲伤情绪，literally“确实”用于加强语气。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，真正的解决办法是做更多的工作来保护树木和投资研究。A. problem问题；B. mystery谜团；C. solution解决方案；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“doing more to protect trees”可知，做更多的工作来保护树木是真正的解决方法。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，真正的解决办法是做更多的工作来保护树木和投资研究。A. believe相信；B. invest投资；C. consist组成；D. specialize专攻。根据上文“doing more to protect trees”可知，能和“做更多的工作来保护树木”相并列的是“投资研究”，同为具体的措施。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开车回悉尼的时候，看着Dean给我的那袋桉树果，它们就像是小小的宝藏。A. burdens负担；B. treasures宝藏；C. obstacles障碍；D. labels标签。根据下文“I hope more people will learn to love eucalypts”可知，作者希望更多的人学会热爱桉树，因此是把桉树果看作小小的宝藏，体现其价值。故选B。 Passage 9 （2025·江苏南京·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views. The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff—about 43 stories high— along a via ferrata route with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away as soon as the coach went first and led me.” It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 3 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The café 4 (name) after the town it’s located near—Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern Fujian province. The village—a previously 5 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard against coastal winds— 6 (see) bubble tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as the local government pushes for rural tourism. Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs 7 (hang) over the sharp drop. Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as 8 (adventure) visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare—No way I’d ever go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter. 9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s Xiaohongshu videos, a village r was setting up a stall outside the café shop during Golden Week. 【答案】 1．What 2．towering 3．where 4．is named 5．unfamous 6．has seen 7．hanging 8．adventurous 9．Despite 10．Backed 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国东南部一家乡村咖啡馆——古石崖咖啡馆因其独特的地理位置和惊险的体验而受到游客的欢迎，并在社交媒体上引发了热烈讨论。 1．考查名词性从句。句意：它的独特之处在于一个木制长凳，它被安置在离海70米高的惊人位置，可以欣赏到令人惊叹的海岸景色。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，因此空格处用连接代词what，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 2．考查形容词。句意：30岁的叶从高耸的130米悬崖（约43层楼高）沿着一条固定在岩壁上的铁索道下来，一路上有一名教练指导她。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词cliff，表示属性，应使用v-ing形式的形容词，意为“高耸的”。故填towering。 3．考查定语从句。句意：她花了30分钟到达那个地方，那里的悬崖边上有一个牌子，上面写着“古石崖咖啡”。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，先行词spot表示地点，因此空格处用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。 4．考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这家咖啡馆以它所在的城镇命名——福建省省会福州的古石村。空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，故填is named。 5．考查形容词。句意：这个村庄以前是一个不出名的地方，有一大群古老的石头房子，可以抵御海风——近年来，随着当地政府推动乡村旅游，这里出现了泡泡茶店、民宿和露营地。空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词，根据后文的“as the local government pushes for rural tourism(随着当地政府推动乡村旅游)”可知，这个村庄以前不出名，空格处应填表示“不出名的”含义的表达，故填unfamous。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个村庄以前是一个不出名的地方，有一大群古老的石头房子，可以抵御海风——近年来，随着当地政府推动乡村旅游，这里出现了泡泡茶店、民宿和露营地。由“in recent years”可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，时态用现在完成时，主语village是单数，故填has seen。 7．考查独立主格结构。句意：一到那里，叶的攀岩向导就端上了预先做好的咖啡，并拍下了叶坐在铺着毯子的长凳边缘，手里拿着咖啡，双腿悬在陡峭的悬崖上的照片。句中谓语是“served up and captured”，空格处用非谓语动词，legs和hang之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，构成独立主格结构，故填hanging。 8．考查形容词。句意：古石崖咖啡在中国社交媒体上引发了热烈讨论，喜欢冒险的游客在网上分享他们的惊险经历。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词visitors，adventure的形容词是adventurous，意为“喜欢冒险的”。故填adventurous。 9．考查介词。句意：尽管网上意见不一，但寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆。根据“mixed opinions online(网上意见不一)”以及“thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café(寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆)”可知，尽管网上意见不一，但寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆，空格处应填表示“尽管”含义的介词，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Despite。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当地政府150万元的资助下，这家乡村咖啡馆有望支持中国的乡村振兴。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是is expected，空格处用非谓语动词做状语，因与其逻辑主语the village café之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Backed。 Passage 10 （24-25高一下·甘肃天水·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huangshan, one of China’s most iconic scenic areas, is a breathtaking natural wonder 1 (locate) in Anhui Province of eastern China. This UNESCO World Heritage: Site is noted for the unique granite (花岗岩) peaks, hot springs, winter snows, 2 views of the clouds from above. Huangshan’s dramatic landscape 3 (inspire) poets, painters, and photographers for centuries. Huangshan’s most distinctive 4 (feature) are its 72 peaks, which rise above the sea of clouds, creating an unworldly (超凡的) landscape. 5 highest peak, Lotus Peak, stands at 1,864 meters, offering breathtaking splendid views. Huangshan is also famous for 6 (it) specially shaped granite rocks, pine trees that grow out of the rocks and the ever-changing sea of clouds that covers the mountains, providing a 7 (constant) shifting view. Huangshan, 8 houses numerous ancient buildings, pavilions (亭), and engraved stones, appeals to many visitors. Huangshan’s plants and wildlife are diverse, with many species being endemic (特有的) to the region, adding to its ecological 9 (significant). Visitors to Huangshan can explore a variety of scenic routes through the mountains, with well-maintained paths and steps 10 (lead) to most famous viewpoints, including the Begin-to-Believe Peak, Bright Top, and the Heaven Capital Peak. 【答案】 1．located 2．and 3．has inspired 4．features 5．The 6．its 7．constantly 8．which 9．significance 10．leading 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了黄山这一中国标志性风景区，包括其地理位置、自然景观、文化特色以及生态意义，展现了黄山作为世界遗产的独特魅力和吸引力。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：黄山，中国最具标志性的风景区之一，是一处令人惊叹的自然奇观，位于中国东部的安徽省。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以locate应用非谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语a breathtaking natural wonder之间为被动关系，表示“坐落于”，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填located。 2．考查连词。句意：这个联合国教科文组织世界遗产以其独特的花岗岩山峰、温泉、冬雪和从高处观赏的云海而闻名。根据句意可知，unique granite peaks，hot springs，winter snows和views of the clouds from above之间为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：几个世纪以来，黄山壮丽的景色一直激发着诗人、画家和摄影师的灵感。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语for centuries可知，此处应用现在完成时态，表示从过去持一直续到现在的动作，且主语landscape为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has inspired。 4．考查名词复数。句意：黄山最显著的特点是它的72座山峰，这些山峰矗立在云海之上，形成了一个超凡脱俗的景观。根据谓语动词are可知，此处应用名词features的复数形式作主语。故填features。 5．考查冠词。句意：最高峰莲花峰海拔1,864米，景色壮丽，令人叹为观止。根据句意可知，此处表示“最高峰”，为形容词最高级，前面应加定冠词the，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填The。 6．考查代词。句意：黄山还以其形状奇特的花岗岩岩石、从岩石中生长出来的松树以及覆盖群山、变幻莫测的云海而闻名，这些都提供了不断变化的景观。修饰名词短语“specially shaped granite rocks”应用it的形容词性物主代词形式its，作定语。故填its。 7．考查副词。句意：黄山还以其形状奇特的花岗岩岩石、从岩石中生长出来的松树以及覆盖群山、变幻莫测的云海而闻名，这些都提供了不断变化的景观。修饰现在分词shifting应用constant副词形式constantly作状语，意为“不断地，时常地”。故填constantly。 8．考查定语从句。句意：黄山拥有众多古建筑、亭台楼阁和石刻，吸引了许多游客。此处应为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Huangshan，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 9．考查名词。句意：黄山的动植物种类繁多，其中许多物种是该地区特有的，这增加了其生态意义。根据空格前的形容词ecological可知，此处应用significant名词形式significance，为不可数名词，在句中作介词to的宾语。故填significance。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：到黄山的游客可以探索各种各样的风景路线，这些路线和台阶都维护得很好，通往最著名的景点，包括始信峰、光明顶和天都峰。lead to与paths and steps之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词表主动。故填leading。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$