Unit 6 At one with nature（单元自测卷·天津专用）英语外研版必修第一册

**基本信息** 本卷为高一英语必修第一册Unit 6培优卷（天津专用），围绕“人与自然和谐共生”主题，整合生态保护、传统智慧等时代素材，覆盖单元核心词汇与语法，适配单元复习，助力提升语言能力与生态意识。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项填空|15/15|核心词汇（如hinder, contribute to）、语法（定语从句、非谓语动词）|语境真实，考查生态话题词汇辨析与语法应用| |完形填空|20/30|上下文理解、逻辑衔接|以人类与自然关系演变为线索，培养思维连贯性| |阅读理解|20/50|传统生态智慧、湿地保护、低碳生活等主题|素材兼具文化传承与现实意义，提升文化意识| |书面表达|1/25|单元主题写作（生态问题、意义、青少年做法）|要求运用单元核心词汇，考查语言综合表达能力|

………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册单元测试（天津专用） Unit 6·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷(共两部分，共95分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. While modern industrial civilization has greatly boosted social productivity, the irreversible damage it has inflicted on diverse ecological systems, if left unregulated, will ______ the sustainable development of human society in the long run. A. accelerate B. hinder C. facilitate D. strengthen 2. The indigenous tribes, whose traditional lifestyles have long been ______ with local ecological balance, have maintained a harmonious coexistence with nature for centuries despite frequent climate fluctuations. A. consistent B. identical C. exclusive D. flexible 3. What the environmental researchers stress is that the seemingly trivial daily human activities, when accumulated over decades, will ______ severe ecological degradation that no single remedy can reverse. A. contribute to B. subscribe to C. adapt to D. correspond to 4. It is the profound ecological wisdom ______ ancient Chinese people embodied in traditional farming and living customs that enables them to live in perfect harmony with natural laws. A. where B. that C. what D. when 5. Scientists have found that the species ______ habitats have been severely destroyed by urban expansion tend to experience a sharp decline in reproduction rates and population scale. A. whose B. which C. of which D. where 6. Faced with the worsening ecological crisis, many regions are struggling ______ effective measures to restore damaged wetlands, a task ______ tremendous patience and professional expertise. A. adopting; requiring B. to adopt; requiring C. adopting; required D. to adopt; required 7. The ecological protection regulations newly issued by the municipal government ______ all industrial enterprises and individual residents, with no exception for high-tech parks or tourist attractions. A. apply to B. apply for C. adapt to D. account for 8. Numerous environmental problems, ______ soil erosion and biodiversity loss, are largely attributed to human’s blind exploitation of natural resources over the past century. A. in vain B. in particular C. in return D. in advance 9. Ecologists ______ a comprehensive ecological survey in the remote mountainous area when an unexpected extreme rainstorm hit and interrupted their field research. A. conducted B. had conducted C. were conducting D. have conducted 10. ______ in ecological protection theories for years and accumulating abundant field experience, the young researcher has made groundbreaking achievements in wetland restoration. A. Specializing B. Specialized C. To specialize D. Having specialized 11. The wetland reserve ______ a variety of rare wild animals inhabit and breed has been listed as a key ecological protection zone at the national level. A. where B. that C. which D. what 12. The over-exploitation of natural resources will leave an irreversible ______ on regional ecology, restricting the sustainable development of local economy and environment. A. impression B. consequence C. mark D. phenomenon 13. To achieve long-term ecological balance, human beings must ______ the laws of nature instead of attempting to conquer or transform nature arbitrarily. A. submit to B. go through C. rely on D. take over 14. Up to now, the environmental protection organization ______ more than ten ecological restoration projects in polluted areas, achieving remarkable ecological improvement. A. launches B. launched C. has launched D. had launched 15. —The local wetland ecosystem has recovered greatly after years of ecological governance! —______ Continuous protection and scientific restoration finally pay off. A. No wonder! B. That’s amazing! C. It depends. D. Not really. 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Human beings’ relationship with nature has undergone drastic changes throughout human civilization. In primitive times, humans totally 16 nature’s dominance, surviving by gathering and hunting with minimal interference in ecological operations. As agricultural civilization progressed, people learned to make 17 use of natural resources, forming a relatively 18 coexistence model with the natural world. However, the arrival of industrial revolution completely 19 this balanced state. Driven by the pursuit of economic benefits, human beings began to 20 exploit natural resources, cut down forests, occupy wetlands and discharge pollutants arbitrarily. Such 21 human behaviors have triggered a series of ecological crises, ranging from global warming and soil degradation to the sharp 22 of biological diversity. For decades, the continuous deterioration of ecological environment has sounded a serious 23 for human survival and development. Many regions have witnessed extreme weather, frequent natural disasters and declining land productivity, all of which 24 that blind human exploitation will eventually backfire on mankind itself. Faced with such severe ecological dilemmas, human society has begun to 25 its previous development concept. More people have realized that nature is not an inexhaustible resource bank for human exploitation, but a 26 living community that nurtures all living creatures. Any 27 from natural laws will inevitably lead to ecological imbalance and sustainable development stagnation. Currently, ecological civilization construction has become a 28 global consensus. Countries worldwide are actively 29 environmental protection policies, promoting green production and low-carbon lifestyles, and striving to 30 the damaged ecological systems. Instead of conquering nature, modern people are learning to 31 nature, respect its laws and maintain dynamic balance. The harmony between humans and nature is never a(n) 32 goal that can be achieved overnight, but a long-term mission requiring persistent efforts. It demands the joint 33 of every individual, every community and every country. Small daily behaviors, including saving water, reducing pollution and protecting wild creatures, will finally 34 and form tremendous ecological protection power. Only when humans truly regard themselves as an integral part of nature can we fundamentally 35 the ecological crisis and realize sustainable development for future generations. 16. A. acknowledged B. resisted C. challenged D. neglected 17. A. random B. rational C. excessive D. blind 18. A. conflicting B. temporary C. stable D. fragile 19. A. preserved B. disrupted C. promoted D. simplified 20. A. moderately B. cautiously C. arbitrarily D. occasionally 21. A. aggressive B. passive C. defensive D. conservative 22. A. increase B. decline C. recovery D. stability 23. A. promise B. warning C. guideline D. tendency 24. A. confirm B. deny C. doubt D. assume 25. A. defend B. uphold C. reflect D. advocate 26. A. isolated B. unified C. artificial D. temporary 27. A. departure B. protection C. adaptation D. distinction 28. A. controversial B. rigid C. universal D. limited 29. A. implementing B. abandoning C. delaying D. opposing 30. A. ruin B. restore C. replace D. reserve 31. A. dominate B. abandon C. accommodate D. defeat 32. A. distant B. tough C. instant D. vague 33. A. sacrifice B. ignorance C. cooperation D. hesitation 34. A. accumulate B. disappear C. fluctuate D. separate 35. A. aggravate B. alleviate C. ignore D. simulate 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Traditional ecological cognition, rooted in thousands of years of Chinese agricultural civilization, embodies profound wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Different from the modern industrial concept of conquering nature, ancient Chinese people adhered to the principle of "taking moderately and using appropriately" when utilizing natural resources. Ancient ecological concepts were fully reflected in seasonal production and living norms. Ancient dynasties formulated strict prohibitions on resource exploitation according to seasonal changes. In growing seasons, deforestation, wild animal hunting and water resource overuse were strictly forbidden, ensuring that natural creatures had sufficient time to reproduce and grow. Such seasonal restrictions effectively prevented the over-consumption of natural resources and maintained the cyclic renewal capacity of ecosystems. In addition, ancient village conventions and family instructions also contained rich ecological protection awareness. Villagers spontaneously protected surrounding mountains, rivers and vegetation, believing that ecological prosperity guaranteed people’s livelihood stability. This folk ecological consciousness, formed and passed down from generation to generation, constituted the grassroots foundation of ancient ecological protection. Though lacking modern scientific and technological means, ancient ecological wisdom focused on long-term ecological balance rather than immediate economic gains. It emphasizes the interdependence and mutual restriction between human activities and natural operation rules, providing valuable ideological reference for modern ecological civilization construction. Today’s environmental governance can draw lessons from traditional ecological concepts to achieve more sustainable and harmonious human-nature relations. 36. What is the core feature of ancient Chinese ecological concepts? A. Pursuing maximum resource utilization B. Stressing moderate use of natural resources C. Relying on technology to transform nature D. Ignoring short-term economic benefits completely 37. Why did ancient dynasties set seasonal exploitation prohibitions? A. To restrict people’s production activities B. To secure natural creatures’ reproduction cycle C. To simplify national management regulations D. To adapt to changes of social customs 38. What can we learn about folk ecological awareness? A. It was enforced by official laws B. It took shape through long-term inheritance C. It focused on technological innovation D. It was superior to modern environmental theories 39. What is the author’s attitude towards traditional ecological wisdom? A. Critical B. Doubtful C. Favorable D. Uncertain 40. Which title best suits the text? A. Inheritance of Ancient Chinese Folk Conventions B. Seasonal Production Rules in Ancient Agricultural Society C. Traditional Ecological Wisdom and Modern Enlightenment D. Comparison Between Ancient and Modern Ecological Concepts B Wetlands, known as the "kidneys of the earth", are one of the most ecologically valuable ecosystems on the planet. Despite their irreplaceable ecological functions, global wetland areas have witnessed continuous shrinkage over the past century, with human interference serving as the dominant driving factor behind such ecological degradation. Wetlands undertake multiple ecological functions including water purification, flood regulation, climate conditioning and biodiversity maintenance. They can decompose and absorb pollutants in water bodies, alleviate urban heat island effects, and provide habitats for a large number of rare aquatic plants and animals. Statistics show that wetlands support nearly 40 percent of global biological species, though they cover less than 6 percent of the earth’s land surface. Nevertheless, rapid urbanization and industrial expansion have caused severe damage to wetland systems. Large areas of wetlands have been reclaimed for urban construction and agricultural production, resulting in the reduction of natural wetland reserves. Industrial sewage and domestic wastewater discharge have worsened water pollution, leading to the deterioration of wetland water quality and the decrease of biological populations. Besides, blind tourism development has destroyed wetland vegetation and disrupted original ecological balance. In response to the worsening wetland crisis, global wetland protection mechanisms have been gradually improved. Many countries have established wetland nature reserves, formulated special protection laws, and launched ecological restoration projects. Through water quality improvement, vegetation reconstruction and biological reproduction protection, degraded wetlands have achieved effective recovery in many regions. It is universally acknowledged that wetland protection is crucial to global ecological security and sustainable development. 41. What does the underlined word "shrinkage" in paragraph 1 mean? A. Expansion B. Reduction C. Stability D. Fluctuation 42. What can we know about wetlands from paragraph 2? A. They occupy most of the earth’s land area B. They play a vital role in biological diversity protection C. They can completely eliminate all water pollutants D. Their climatic regulation function is limited 43. Which of the following is a human threat to wetlands? A. Rational tourism development B. Water resource circulation C. Land reclamation for construction D. Biological reproduction 44. What is the main measure adopted to protect wetlands? A. Banning all urban construction activities B. Establishing reserves and carrying out restoration C. Reducing all industrial production D. Canceling all wetland tourism projects 45. What is the text mainly about? A. Ecological functions, threats and protection of wetlands B. The classification of global wetland ecosystems C. The history of wetland ecological research D. Differences between wetland and forest ecosystems C The concept of low-carbon life has gradually penetrated into public daily life as global ecological pressure continues to rise. Different from passive environmental protection advocated in the past, modern low-carbon lifestyle emphasizes active and voluntary ecological participation of individuals, aiming to reduce personal carbon footprint and alleviate global ecological pressure through trivial daily behaviors. Individual daily behaviors are closely linked to global carbon emissions. Traditional high-carbon lifestyles, including excessive use of disposable products, long-time private car travel and blind pursuit of high-consumption life, produce massive carbon emissions every day, accelerating global climate change and ecological deterioration. In contrast, low-carbon behaviors such as green travel, waste classification, energy conservation and low-consumption living can effectively cut down unnecessary carbon output. Many people hold the misconception that individual low-carbon behaviors make little difference to global ecological improvement. In fact, ecological protection is a systematic project that relies on the joint efforts of all individuals. Countless individual low-carbon practices will form a huge ecological protection force and bring about fundamental changes to the global ecological environment. Small personal efforts are never negligible in global ecological governance. To popularize low-carbon life concepts, communities and schools have launched various publicity and practical activities to guide citizens and students to develop green living habits. With the continuous promotion of low-carbon concepts, more people are abandoning extravagant high-carbon lifestyles and choosing simple, green and eco-friendly living patterns, which lays a solid foundation for global ecological sustainable development. 46. What is the feature of modern low-carbon life? A. Passive acceptance of environmental rules B. Active personal ecological participation C. Complete abandonment of daily consumption D. Dependence on national policy supervision 47. What is people’s common wrong view about low-carbon life? A. Individual efforts have limited ecological influence B. Low-carbon life increases living costs C. Low-carbon behaviors are hard to practice D. National policies dominate ecological protection 48. Why does the author attach importance to individual low-carbon behaviors? A. They can completely reverse climate change B. Collective individual efforts generate huge ecological value C. They are the only way to protect ecology D. They have been widely recognized by the public 49. What measure is taken to promote low-carbon life? A. Forcing citizens to change living habits B. Launching targeted publicity and practical activities C. Banning all high-carbon consumption behaviors D. Offering economic rewards for low-carbon behaviors 50. What is the author’s main purpose of writing the text? A. To analyze the causes of global climate change B. To advocate positive low-carbon daily lifestyles C. To introduce the classification of carbon emissions D. To evaluate current ecological protection policies D Forest ecosystems serve as the core component of terrestrial ecology, undertaking the critical task of carbon absorption, oxygen release and ecological balance maintenance. In recent decades, deforestation caused by human activities has led to the deterioration of forest ecology, triggering a series of chain ecological reactions such as soil erosion, biodiversity loss and regional climate abnormality. Artificial afforestation and forest ecological restoration have become effective approaches to reverse forest degradation. Different from natural forest growth which relies entirely on natural evolution, artificial ecological restoration combines scientific planning with manual intervention, which can accelerate forest recovery efficiency and optimize ecological structure. Scientific afforestation not only increases forest coverage, but also improves forest species diversity and enhances ecosystem stability. However, blind afforestation may bring potential ecological risks. Unreasonable tree species selection, single vegetation structure and unscientific planting density will fail to form stable ecological communities, and may even aggravate local water resource shortage and soil degradation. Therefore, forest restoration must adhere to scientific principles, adapt to local natural conditions and avoid rigid and mechanical planting modes. Long-term forest ecological management requires the combination of restoration and protection. While carrying out afforestation projects, relevant departments need to strengthen forest resource supervision, prohibit illegal logging and deforestation, and establish long-term ecological monitoring mechanisms. Only by combining scientific restoration with strict protection can forest ecosystems achieve sustainable and healthy development and continuously exert ecological benefits. 51. What problem does deforestation result in? A. Improvement of soil quality B. Reduction of biological varieties C. Stability of regional climate D. Increase of ecological balance 52. What is the advantage of artificial forest restoration compared with natural growth? A. Lower cost of manpower and resources B. Faster and optimized ecological recovery C. No need for later ecological supervision D. Completely free from natural restrictions 53. Why does blind afforestation cause ecological risks? A. It adopts unscientific planting modes B. It consumes too little natural resources C. It diversifies local vegetation structure D. It adapts well to local conditions 54. What is the key to long-term forest ecological development? A. Large-scale blind afforestation B. Separate restoration and protection work C. Scientific restoration plus strict supervision D. Complete prohibition of tree planting 55. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Natural forest growth has no practical value B. Scientific forest restoration needs tailored plans C. Artificial afforestation always causes ecological problems D. Forest supervision is unnecessary after afforestation 第Ⅱ卷(共三节，共55分) 第一节：单词拼写，根据首字母拼写单词或者根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） 56. The harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature is the fundamental g______ of sustainable social development. 57. Excessive human exploitation will definitely ______ (破坏) the inherent balance of ecological systems. 58. Wetlands are vital natural barriers that p______ coastal areas from storm surges and floods. 59. Ancient ecological wisdom offers ______ (宝贵的) guidance for modern environmental governance. 60. The rapid urban expansion has caused the l______ of a large number of natural habitats for wild creatures. 61. Scientific ecological restoration can effectively r______ the damaged natural environment and revive biodiversity. 62. Extreme weather events are ______ (逐渐) becoming frequent due to global ecological deterioration. 63. Low-carbon lifestyles help reduce carbon e______ and relieve the pressure of global warming. 64. Every individual is an ______ (不可或缺的) participant in ecological civilization construction. 65. Forests serve as natural shelters for wild animals and m______ the stability of regional ecology. 66. Blind industrial development poses a severe t______ to the survival of rare species. 67. We should respect natural laws and avoid ______ (任意的) transformation of the ecological environment. 68. The government has issued strict regulations to ______ (禁止) illegal deforestation and wetland occupation. 69. The ______ (循环的) operation of ecosystems ensures the sustainable renewal of natural resources. 70. Public awareness of environmental protection is a______ steadily with the promotion of ecological education. 71. The ecological damage caused by human activities is largely ______ (不可逆的) and hard to remedy. 72. Community greening projects greatly ______ (改善) the local living and ecological environment. 73. Biodiversity p______ the richness and stability of natural ecological systems. 74. Long-term ecological protection requires ______ (持续的) efforts and universal participation. 75. Rational utilization of natural resources is the key to human-nature h______. 第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Ecological restoration refers to the process of repairing and reconstructing damaged or degraded ecological systems through artificial intervention and natural recovery. With the continuous aggravation of global ecological problems, ecological restoration has become a core measure of global environmental governance. Different ecological damage types require targeted restoration strategies. For damaged wetland ecosystems, the core of restoration is water quality purification and vegetation reconstruction, aiming to recover water circulation and biological habitats. For degraded forest ecosystems, scientific afforestation and biodiversity reconstruction are the main methods to enhance ecological stability. For desertified land, wind prevention and sand fixation plus vegetation planting can effectively curb ecological deterioration. Successful ecological restoration cannot rely solely on artificial transformation. It must fully respect natural operation rules and combine manual intervention with natural self-repair capacity. Excessive human intervention will break the inherent ecological balance and lead to secondary ecological damage, which runs counter to the original intention of ecological governance. Ecological restoration is a long-term systematic project instead of a short-term rectification campaign. Many regions once pursued rapid ecological improvement and adopted blind restoration measures, resulting in unstable ecological recovery and repeated environmental degradation. Only persistent, scientific and targeted restoration can achieve long-term ecological stability. At present, ecological restoration projects have achieved remarkable results worldwide. Damaged wetlands, forests and grasslands have been effectively recovered, biodiversity has been continuously enriched, and regional ecological quality has been greatly improved. Such achievements provide solid support for global sustainable development. 76. What is the definition of ecological restoration? (no more than 12 words) 77. What determines different ecological restoration strategies? (no more than 8 words) 78. What risk will excessive human intervention bring? (no more than 10 words) 79. Why do blind rapid restoration measures fail? (no more than 12 words) 80. What is your attitude towards ecological restoration? (no more than 15 words) 第三节：书面表达（满分25分） 81．假定你是高一学生李华，你校英文报正在开展以Harmony Between Humans and Nature 为主题的征文活动，请你投稿。内容包括：1. 当下生态环境面临的主要问题；2. 人与自然和谐共生的重要意义；3. 青少年践行生态保护的具体做法。 要求：1. 逻辑清晰，行文规范，连接词使用恰当；2. 文风，地道朴素，无中式英语思维；3. 词数100左右，句式多样，符合天津培优高分标准；4. 紧扣Unit6主题，运用单元核心词汇与句型。 试题 第7页（共8页） 试题 第8页（共8页） 试题 第5页（共8页） 试题 第6页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册单元测试（天津专用） Unit 6·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 A4 第I卷(共两部分，共95分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. While modern industrial civilization has greatly boosted social productivity, the irreversible damage it has inflicted on diverse ecological systems, if left unregulated, will ______ the sustainable development of human society in the long run. A. accelerate B. hinder C. facilitate D. strengthen 2. The indigenous tribes, whose traditional lifestyles have long been ______ with local ecological balance, have maintained a harmonious coexistence with nature for centuries despite frequent climate fluctuations. A. consistent B. identical C. exclusive D. flexible 3. What the environmental researchers stress is that the seemingly trivial daily human activities, when accumulated over decades, will ______ severe ecological degradation that no single remedy can reverse. A. contribute to B. subscribe to C. adapt to D. correspond to 4. It is the profound ecological wisdom ______ ancient Chinese people embodied in traditional farming and living customs that enables them to live in perfect harmony with natural laws. A. where B. that C. what D. when 5. Scientists have found that the species ______ habitats have been severely destroyed by urban expansion tend to experience a sharp decline in reproduction rates and population scale. A. whose B. which C. of which D. where 6. Faced with the worsening ecological crisis, many regions are struggling ______ effective measures to restore damaged wetlands, a task ______ tremendous patience and professional expertise. A. adopting; requiring B. to adopt; requiring C. adopting; required D. to adopt; required 7. The ecological protection regulations newly issued by the municipal government ______ all industrial enterprises and individual residents, with no exception for high-tech parks or tourist attractions. A. apply to B. apply for C. adapt to D. account for 8. Numerous environmental problems, ______ soil erosion and biodiversity loss, are largely attributed to human’s blind exploitation of natural resources over the past century. A. in vain B. in particular C. in return D. in advance 9. Ecologists ______ a comprehensive ecological survey in the remote mountainous area when an unexpected extreme rainstorm hit and interrupted their field research. A. conducted B. had conducted C. were conducting D. have conducted 10. ______ in ecological protection theories for years and accumulating abundant field experience, the young researcher has made groundbreaking achievements in wetland restoration. A. Specializing B. Specialized C. To specialize D. Having specialized 11. The wetland reserve ______ a variety of rare wild animals inhabit and breed has been listed as a key ecological protection zone at the national level. A. where B. that C. which D. what 12. The over-exploitation of natural resources will leave an irreversible ______ on regional ecology, restricting the sustainable development of local economy and environment. A. impression B. consequence C. mark D. phenomenon 13. To achieve long-term ecological balance, human beings must ______ the laws of nature instead of attempting to conquer or transform nature arbitrarily. A. submit to B. go through C. rely on D. take over 14. Up to now, the environmental protection organization ______ more than ten ecological restoration projects in polluted areas, achieving remarkable ecological improvement. A. launches B. launched C. has launched D. had launched 15. —The local wetland ecosystem has recovered greatly after years of ecological governance! —______ Continuous protection and scientific restoration finally pay off. A. No wonder! B. That’s amazing! C. It depends. D. Not really. 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Human beings’ relationship with nature has undergone drastic changes throughout human civilization. In primitive times, humans totally 16 nature’s dominance, surviving by gathering and hunting with minimal interference in ecological operations. As agricultural civilization progressed, people learned to make 17 use of natural resources, forming a relatively 18 coexistence model with the natural world. However, the arrival of industrial revolution completely 19 this balanced state. Driven by the pursuit of economic benefits, human beings began to 20 exploit natural resources, cut down forests, occupy wetlands and discharge pollutants arbitrarily. Such 21 human behaviors have triggered a series of ecological crises, ranging from global warming and soil degradation to the sharp 22 of biological diversity. For decades, the continuous deterioration of ecological environment has sounded a serious 23 for human survival and development. Many regions have witnessed extreme weather, frequent natural disasters and declining land productivity, all of which 24 that blind human exploitation will eventually backfire on mankind itself. Faced with such severe ecological dilemmas, human society has begun to 25 its previous development concept. More people have realized that nature is not an inexhaustible resource bank for human exploitation, but a 26 living community that nurtures all living creatures. Any 27 from natural laws will inevitably lead to ecological imbalance and sustainable development stagnation. Currently, ecological civilization construction has become a 28 global consensus. Countries worldwide are actively 29 environmental protection policies, promoting green production and low-carbon lifestyles, and striving to 30 the damaged ecological systems. Instead of conquering nature, modern people are learning to 31 nature, respect its laws and maintain dynamic balance. The harmony between humans and nature is never a(n) 32 goal that can be achieved overnight, but a long-term mission requiring persistent efforts. It demands the joint 33 of every individual, every community and every country. Small daily behaviors, including saving water, reducing pollution and protecting wild creatures, will finally 34 and form tremendous ecological protection power. Only when humans truly regard themselves as an integral part of nature can we fundamentally 35 the ecological crisis and realize sustainable development for future generations. 16. A. acknowledged B. resisted C. challenged D. neglected 17. A. random B. rational C. excessive D. blind 18. A. conflicting B. temporary C. stable D. fragile 19. A. preserved B. disrupted C. promoted D. simplified 20. A. moderately B. cautiously C. arbitrarily D. occasionally 21. A. aggressive B. passive C. defensive D. conservative 22. A. increase B. decline C. recovery D. stability 23. A. promise B. warning C. guideline D. tendency 24. A. confirm B. deny C. doubt D. assume 25. A. defend B. uphold C. reflect D. advocate 26. A. isolated B. unified C. artificial D. temporary 27. A. departure B. protection C. adaptation D. distinction 28. A. controversial B. rigid C. universal D. limited 29. A. implementing B. abandoning C. delaying D. opposing 30. A. ruin B. restore C. replace D. reserve 31. A. dominate B. abandon C. accommodate D. defeat 32. A. distant B. tough C. instant D. vague 33. A. sacrifice B. ignorance C. cooperation D. hesitation 34. A. accumulate B. disappear C. fluctuate D. separate 35. A. aggravate B. alleviate C. ignore D. simulate 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Traditional ecological cognition, rooted in thousands of years of Chinese agricultural civilization, embodies profound wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Different from the modern industrial concept of conquering nature, ancient Chinese people adhered to the principle of "taking moderately and using appropriately" when utilizing natural resources. Ancient ecological concepts were fully reflected in seasonal production and living norms. Ancient dynasties formulated strict prohibitions on resource exploitation according to seasonal changes. In growing seasons, deforestation, wild animal hunting and water resource overuse were strictly forbidden, ensuring that natural creatures had sufficient time to reproduce and grow. Such seasonal restrictions effectively prevented the over-consumption of natural resources and maintained the cyclic renewal capacity of ecosystems. In addition, ancient village conventions and family instructions also contained rich ecological protection awareness. Villagers spontaneously protected surrounding mountains, rivers and vegetation, believing that ecological prosperity guaranteed people’s livelihood stability. This folk ecological consciousness, formed and passed down from generation to generation, constituted the grassroots foundation of ancient ecological protection. Though lacking modern scientific and technological means, ancient ecological wisdom focused on long-term ecological balance rather than immediate economic gains. It emphasizes the interdependence and mutual restriction between human activities and natural operation rules, providing valuable ideological reference for modern ecological civilization construction. Today’s environmental governance can draw lessons from traditional ecological concepts to achieve more sustainable and harmonious human-nature relations. 36. What is the core feature of ancient Chinese ecological concepts? A. Pursuing maximum resource utilization B. Stressing moderate use of natural resources C. Relying on technology to transform nature D. Ignoring short-term economic benefits completely 37. Why did ancient dynasties set seasonal exploitation prohibitions? A. To restrict people’s production activities B. To secure natural creatures’ reproduction cycle C. To simplify national management regulations D. To adapt to changes of social customs 38. What can we learn about folk ecological awareness? A. It was enforced by official laws B. It took shape through long-term inheritance C. It focused on technological innovation D. It was superior to modern environmental theories 39. What is the author’s attitude towards traditional ecological wisdom? A. Critical B. Doubtful C. Favorable D. Uncertain 40. Which title best suits the text? A. Inheritance of Ancient Chinese Folk Conventions B. Seasonal Production Rules in Ancient Agricultural Society C. Traditional Ecological Wisdom and Modern Enlightenment D. Comparison Between Ancient and Modern Ecological Concepts B Wetlands, known as the "kidneys of the earth", are one of the most ecologically valuable ecosystems on the planet. Despite their irreplaceable ecological functions, global wetland areas have witnessed continuous shrinkage over the past century, with human interference serving as the dominant driving factor behind such ecological degradation. Wetlands undertake multiple ecological functions including water purification, flood regulation, climate conditioning and biodiversity maintenance. They can decompose and absorb pollutants in water bodies, alleviate urban heat island effects, and provide habitats for a large number of rare aquatic plants and animals. Statistics show that wetlands support nearly 40 percent of global biological species, though they cover less than 6 percent of the earth’s land surface. Nevertheless, rapid urbanization and industrial expansion have caused severe damage to wetland systems. Large areas of wetlands have been reclaimed for urban construction and agricultural production, resulting in the reduction of natural wetland reserves. Industrial sewage and domestic wastewater discharge have worsened water pollution, leading to the deterioration of wetland water quality and the decrease of biological populations. Besides, blind tourism development has destroyed wetland vegetation and disrupted original ecological balance. In response to the worsening wetland crisis, global wetland protection mechanisms have been gradually improved. Many countries have established wetland nature reserves, formulated special protection laws, and launched ecological restoration projects. Through water quality improvement, vegetation reconstruction and biological reproduction protection, degraded wetlands have achieved effective recovery in many regions. It is universally acknowledged that wetland protection is crucial to global ecological security and sustainable development. 41. What does the underlined word "shrinkage" in paragraph 1 mean? A. Expansion B. Reduction C. Stability D. Fluctuation 42. What can we know about wetlands from paragraph 2? A. They occupy most of the earth’s land area B. They play a vital role in biological diversity protection C. They can completely eliminate all water pollutants D. Their climatic regulation function is limited 43. Which of the following is a human threat to wetlands? A. Rational tourism development B. Water resource circulation C. Land reclamation for construction D. Biological reproduction 44. What is the main measure adopted to protect wetlands? A. Banning all urban construction activities B. Establishing reserves and carrying out restoration C. Reducing all industrial production D. Canceling all wetland tourism projects 45. What is the text mainly about? A. Ecological functions, threats and protection of wetlands B. The classification of global wetland ecosystems C. The history of wetland ecological research D. Differences between wetland and forest ecosystems C The concept of low-carbon life has gradually penetrated into public daily life as global ecological pressure continues to rise. Different from passive environmental protection advocated in the past, modern low-carbon lifestyle emphasizes active and voluntary ecological participation of individuals, aiming to reduce personal carbon footprint and alleviate global ecological pressure through trivial daily behaviors. Individual daily behaviors are closely linked to global carbon emissions. Traditional high-carbon lifestyles, including excessive use of disposable products, long-time private car travel and blind pursuit of high-consumption life, produce massive carbon emissions every day, accelerating global climate change and ecological deterioration. In contrast, low-carbon behaviors such as green travel, waste classification, energy conservation and low-consumption living can effectively cut down unnecessary carbon output. Many people hold the misconception that individual low-carbon behaviors make little difference to global ecological improvement. In fact, ecological protection is a systematic project that relies on the joint efforts of all individuals. Countless individual low-carbon practices will form a huge ecological protection force and bring about fundamental changes to the global ecological environment. Small personal efforts are never negligible in global ecological governance. To popularize low-carbon life concepts, communities and schools have launched various publicity and practical activities to guide citizens and students to develop green living habits. With the continuous promotion of low-carbon concepts, more people are abandoning extravagant high-carbon lifestyles and choosing simple, green and eco-friendly living patterns, which lays a solid foundation for global ecological sustainable development. 46. What is the feature of modern low-carbon life? A. Passive acceptance of environmental rules B. Active personal ecological participation C. Complete abandonment of daily consumption D. Dependence on national policy supervision 47. What is people’s common wrong view about low-carbon life? A. Individual efforts have limited ecological influence B. Low-carbon life increases living costs C. Low-carbon behaviors are hard to practice D. National policies dominate ecological protection 48. Why does the author attach importance to individual low-carbon behaviors? A. They can completely reverse climate change B. Collective individual efforts generate huge ecological value C. They are the only way to protect ecology D. They have been widely recognized by the public 49. What measure is taken to promote low-carbon life? A. Forcing citizens to change living habits B. Launching targeted publicity and practical activities C. Banning all high-carbon consumption behaviors D. Offering economic rewards for low-carbon behaviors 50. What is the author’s main purpose of writing the text? A. To analyze the causes of global climate change B. To advocate positive low-carbon daily lifestyles C. To introduce the classification of carbon emissions D. To evaluate current ecological protection policies D Forest ecosystems serve as the core component of terrestrial ecology, undertaking the critical task of carbon absorption, oxygen release and ecological balance maintenance. In recent decades, deforestation caused by human activities has led to the deterioration of forest ecology, triggering a series of chain ecological reactions such as soil erosion, biodiversity loss and regional climate abnormality. Artificial afforestation and forest ecological restoration have become effective approaches to reverse forest degradation. Different from natural forest growth which relies entirely on natural evolution, artificial ecological restoration combines scientific planning with manual intervention, which can accelerate forest recovery efficiency and optimize ecological structure. Scientific afforestation not only increases forest coverage, but also improves forest species diversity and enhances ecosystem stability. However, blind afforestation may bring potential ecological risks. Unreasonable tree species selection, single vegetation structure and unscientific planting density will fail to form stable ecological communities, and may even aggravate local water resource shortage and soil degradation. Therefore, forest restoration must adhere to scientific principles, adapt to local natural conditions and avoid rigid and mechanical planting modes. Long-term forest ecological management requires the combination of restoration and protection. While carrying out afforestation projects, relevant departments need to strengthen forest resource supervision, prohibit illegal logging and deforestation, and establish long-term ecological monitoring mechanisms. Only by combining scientific restoration with strict protection can forest ecosystems achieve sustainable and healthy development and continuously exert ecological benefits. 51. What problem does deforestation result in? A. Improvement of soil quality B. Reduction of biological varieties C. Stability of regional climate D. Increase of ecological balance 52. What is the advantage of artificial forest restoration compared with natural growth? A. Lower cost of manpower and resources B. Faster and optimized ecological recovery C. No need for later ecological supervision D. Completely free from natural restrictions 53. Why does blind afforestation cause ecological risks? A. It adopts unscientific planting modes B. It consumes too little natural resources C. It diversifies local vegetation structure D. It adapts well to local conditions 54. What is the key to long-term forest ecological development? A. Large-scale blind afforestation B. Separate restoration and protection work C. Scientific restoration plus strict supervision D. Complete prohibition of tree planting 55. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Natural forest growth has no practical value B. Scientific forest restoration needs tailored plans C. Artificial afforestation always causes ecological problems D. Forest supervision is unnecessary after afforestation 第Ⅱ卷(共三节，共55分) 第一节：单词拼写，根据首字母拼写单词或者根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） 56. The harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature is the fundamental g______ of sustainable social development. 57. Excessive human exploitation will definitely ______ (破坏) the inherent balance of ecological systems. 58. Wetlands are vital natural barriers that p______ coastal areas from storm surges and floods. 59. Ancient ecological wisdom offers ______ (宝贵的) guidance for modern environmental governance. 60. The rapid urban expansion has caused the l______ of a large number of natural habitats for wild creatures. 61. Scientific ecological restoration can effectively r______ the damaged natural environment and revive biodiversity. 62. Extreme weather events are ______ (逐渐) becoming frequent due to global ecological deterioration. 63. Low-carbon lifestyles help reduce carbon e______ and relieve the pressure of global warming. 64. Every individual is an ______ (不可或缺的) participant in ecological civilization construction. 65. Forests serve as natural shelters for wild animals and m______ the stability of regional ecology. 66. Blind industrial development poses a severe t______ to the survival of rare species. 67. We should respect natural laws and avoid ______ (任意的) transformation of the ecological environment. 68. The government has issued strict regulations to ______ (禁止) illegal deforestation and wetland occupation. 69. The ______ (循环的) operation of ecosystems ensures the sustainable renewal of natural resources. 70. Public awareness of environmental protection is a______ steadily with the promotion of ecological education. 71. The ecological damage caused by human activities is largely ______ (不可逆的) and hard to remedy. 72. Community greening projects greatly ______ (改善) the local living and ecological environment. 73. Biodiversity p______ the richness and stability of natural ecological systems. 74. Long-term ecological protection requires ______ (持续的) efforts and universal participation. 75. Rational utilization of natural resources is the key to human-nature h______. 第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Ecological restoration refers to the process of repairing and reconstructing damaged or degraded ecological systems through artificial intervention and natural recovery. With the continuous aggravation of global ecological problems, ecological restoration has become a core measure of global environmental governance. Different ecological damage types require targeted restoration strategies. For damaged wetland ecosystems, the core of restoration is water quality purification and vegetation reconstruction, aiming to recover water circulation and biological habitats. For degraded forest ecosystems, scientific afforestation and biodiversity reconstruction are the main methods to enhance ecological stability. For desertified land, wind prevention and sand fixation plus vegetation planting can effectively curb ecological deterioration. Successful ecological restoration cannot rely solely on artificial transformation. It must fully respect natural operation rules and combine manual intervention with natural self-repair capacity. Excessive human intervention will break the inherent ecological balance and lead to secondary ecological damage, which runs counter to the original intention of ecological governance. Ecological restoration is a long-term systematic project instead of a short-term rectification campaign. Many regions once pursued rapid ecological improvement and adopted blind restoration measures, resulting in unstable ecological recovery and repeated environmental degradation. Only persistent, scientific and targeted restoration can achieve long-term ecological stability. At present, ecological restoration projects have achieved remarkable results worldwide. Damaged wetlands, forests and grasslands have been effectively recovered, biodiversity has been continuously enriched, and regional ecological quality has been greatly improved. Such achievements provide solid support for global sustainable development. 76. What is the definition of ecological restoration? (no more than 12 words) 77. What determines different ecological restoration strategies? (no more than 8 words) 78. What risk will excessive human intervention bring? (no more than 10 words) 79. Why do blind rapid restoration measures fail? (no more than 12 words) 80. What is your attitude towards ecological restoration? (no more than 15 words) 第三节：书面表达（满分25分） 81．假定你是高一学生李华，你校英文报正在开展以Harmony Between Humans and Nature 为主题的征文活动，请你投稿。内容包括：1. 当下生态环境面临的主要问题；2. 人与自然和谐共生的重要意义；3. 青少年践行生态保护的具体做法。 要求：1. 逻辑清晰，行文规范，连接词使用恰当；2. 文风，地道朴素，无中式英语思维；3. 词数100左右，句式多样，符合天津培优高分标准；4. 紧扣Unit6主题，运用单元核心词汇与句型。 2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册单元测试（天津专用） Unit 6·培优卷（参考答案） 第I卷(共三节，共95分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) ABCD 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.B 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.C 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.A 30.B 31.C 32.C 33.C 34.A 35.B 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 36.B 37.B 38.B 39.C 40.C 41.B 42.B 43.C 44.B 45.A 46.B 47.A 48.B 49.B 50.B 51.B 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.B 第Ⅱ卷(共三节，共55分) 第一节：单词拼写（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） 56. goal 57. disrupt 58. protect 59. precious 60. loss 61. restore 62. gradually 63. emissions 64. indispensable 65. maintain 66. threat 67. arbitrary 68. prohibit 69. cyclic 70. advancing 71. irreversible 72. improve 73. preserves 74. consistent/continuous 75. harmony 第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 76. A process of repairing damaged ecosystems. 77. Types of ecological damage. 78. It causes secondary ecological damage. 79. It causes unstable recovery and repeated ecological degradation. 80. It is essential and deserves long-term efforts. 第三节：书面表达（满分25分） 81【答案】 Dear Editors, I am writing to submit an article about Harmony Between Humans and Nature as requested. Decades of blind exploitation of natural resources have caused severe damage to the global ecology. Such cumulative ecological harm has given rise to wetland reduction, biodiversity loss and frequent extreme weather, all severe ecological challenges restricting the sustainable development of society. Balanced coexistence with nature supports human survival and social progress. It is an undeniable fact that natural ecosystems nourish all living creatures and provide irreplaceable resources for human development. Only by abiding by natural laws can humanity avoid ecological backlash and achieve long-term prosperity. Teenagers can make modest yet valuable contributions to daily ecological protection. As young guardians of the environment, we can adopt low-carbon lifestyles to save natural resources and refuse wasteful consumption. These continuous tiny efforts help maintain ecological stability and prosperity, fostering lasting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Yours faithfully, Li Hua, a high school freshman / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高一英语必修第一册单元测试（天津专用） Unit 6 培优卷 答案解析 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷(共两部分，共95分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. While modern industrial civilization has greatly boosted social productivity, the irreversible damage it has inflicted on diverse ecological systems, if left unregulated, will ______ the sustainable development of human society in the long run. A. accelerate B. hinder C. facilitate D. strengthen 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. accelerate 加速；B. hinder 阻碍；C. facilitate 促进；D. strengthen 加强。句意：现代工业文明带来的生态破坏，若不加管控，长远来看会阻碍人类社会的可持续发展。结合生态破坏的消极语境。故选B。 2. The indigenous tribes, whose traditional lifestyles have long been ______ with local ecological balance, have maintained a harmonious coexistence with nature for centuries despite frequent climate fluctuations. A. consistent B. identical C. exclusive D. flexible 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词固定搭配辨析。A. consistent 一致的、契合的；B. identical 完全相同的；C. exclusive 专属的；D. flexible 灵活的。固定搭配be consistent with 与……契合/一致。句意：原住民的传统生活方式长期与当地生态平衡相契合，实现了人与自然的和谐共处。故选A。 3. What the environmental researchers stress is that the seemingly trivial daily human activities, when accumulated over decades, will ______ severe ecological degradation that no single remedy can reverse. A. contribute to B. subscribe to C. adapt to D. correspond to 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. contribute to 导致、促成；B. subscribe to 订阅、赞同；C. adapt to 适应； D. correspond to 对应。句意：研究者强调，看似微小的日常人类活动，日积月累会造成无法逆转的严重生态退化。故选A。 4. It is the profound ecological wisdom ______ ancient Chinese people embodied in traditional farming and living customs that enables them to live in perfect harmony with natural laws. A. where B. that C. what D. when 【答案】B 【解析】考查强调句型。固定句型It is...that...，本句强调主语the profound ecological wisdom，去掉句型结构后句子成分完整，符合强调句用法。句意：正是中国古人蕴含在农耕与生活习俗中的生态智慧，让人们顺应自然规律、和谐共生。故选B。 5. Scientists have found that the species ______ habitats have been severely destroyed by urban expansion tend to experience a sharp decline in reproduction rates and population scale. A. whose B. which C. of which D. where 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。先行词为the species，空后接名词habitats，表“物种的栖息地”，为所属关系，用关系代词whose。句意：研究发现，栖息地被城市扩张严重破坏的物种，繁殖率和种群数量会急剧下降。故选A。 6. Faced with the worsening ecological crisis, many regions are struggling ______ effective measures to restore damaged wetlands, a task ______ tremendous patience and professional expertise. A. adopting; requiring B. to adopt; requiring C. adopting; required D. to adopt; required 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配+非谓语动词。第一空固定搭配struggle to do sth. 努力做某事，故用to adopt；第二空task与require为主动逻辑关系，用现在分词requiring作后置定语。句意：面对日益严峻的生态危机，多地全力采取措施修复湿地，这项工作需要极大的耐心和专业素养。故选B。 7. The ecological protection regulations newly issued by the municipal government ______ all industrial enterprises and individual residents, with no exception for high-tech parks or tourist attractions. A. apply to B. apply for C. adapt to D. account for 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. apply to 适用于；B. apply for 申请；C. adapt to 适应；D. account for 解释、占比。句意：市政府新出台的生态保护条例适用于所有工矿企业和居民，高新园区与景区无一例外。故选A。 8. Numerous environmental problems, ______ soil erosion and biodiversity loss, are largely attributed to human’s blind exploitation of natural resources over the past century. A. in vain B. in particular C. in return D. in advance 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A. in vain 徒劳；B. in particular 尤其、特别；C. in return 作为回报；D. in advance 提前。本句用于列举典型生态问题，表递进强调。句意：诸多环境问题，尤其是水土流失和生物多样性锐减，源于人类百年来对自然资源的盲目开采。故选B。 9. Ecologists ______ a comprehensive ecological survey in the remote mountainous area when an unexpected extreme rainstorm hit and interrupted their field research. A. conducted B. had conducted C. were conducting D. have conducted 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去进行时。固定句型be doing...when... 正在做某事，突然……，描述过去突发的场景。句意：生态学家正在偏远山区开展全面生态调查，突如其来的暴雨打断了他们的野外研究。故选C。 10. ______ in ecological protection theories for years and accumulating abundant field experience, the young researcher has made groundbreaking achievements in wetland restoration. A. Specializing B. Specialized C. To specialize D. Having specialized 【答案】D 【解析】考查现在分词完成式。specialize（专攻、深耕）的动作发生在主句谓语has made之前，且与主语the young researcher为主动关系，用Having specialized表先于主句的持续动作。句意：这位青年研究者深耕生态保护理论多年，积累了丰富野外经验，在湿地修复领域取得突破性成果。故选D。 11. The wetland reserve ______ a variety of rare wild animals inhabit and breed has been listed as a key ecological protection zone at the national level. A. where B. that C. which D. what 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。先行词wetland reserve表地点，从句主谓宾成分完整，缺少地点状语，用关系副词where。句意：这片众多珍稀野生动物栖息繁衍的湿地保护区，已被列为国家级重点生态保护区。故选A。 12. The over-exploitation of natural resources will leave an irreversible ______ on regional ecology, restricting the sustainable development of local economy and environment. A. impression B. consequence C. mark D. phenomenon 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词固定搭配辨析。固定搭配leave an irreversible mark on 给……留下不可逆的印记。A. impression 印象；B. consequence 后果；C. mark 印记、痕迹；D. phenomenon 现象。句意：自然资源的过度开采会给区域生态留下不可逆的痕迹，制约当地经济与生态的可持续发展。故选C。 13. To achieve long-term ecological balance, human beings must ______ the laws of nature instead of attempting to conquer or transform nature arbitrarily. A. submit to B. go through C. rely on D. take over 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. submit to 遵从、顺应；B. go through 经历；C. rely on 依靠；D. take over 接管。句意：想要实现长期生态平衡，人类必须顺应自然规律，而非肆意征服、改造自然。故选A。 14. Up to now, the environmental protection organization ______ more than ten ecological restoration projects in polluted areas, achieving remarkable ecological improvement. A. launches B. launched C. has launched D. had launched 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时。Up to now（迄今为止）为现在完成时标志性时间状语，强调动作从过去持续到现在并产生影响。句意：迄今为止，该环保组织已在污染区域开展十余项生态修复工程，生态改善成效显著。故选C。 15. —The local wetland ecosystem has recovered greatly after years of ecological governance! —______ Continuous protection and scientific restoration finally pay off. 【答案】B 【解析】考查情景交际。A. No wonder 难怪；B. That’s amazing 太令人惊叹了；C. It depends 看情况；D. Not really 并非如此。根据前句湿地生态大幅恢复的好消息，此处表达赞叹。句意：——经过多年治理，本地湿地生态大幅恢复！——太令人惊叹了！持续的保护与科学修复终于有了回报。故选B。 答案：1-5 BAABA 6-10 BABCD 11-15 ACACB 第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Human beings’ relationship with nature has undergone drastic changes throughout human civilization. In primitive times, humans totally 16 nature’s dominance, surviving by gathering and hunting with minimal interference in ecological operations. As agricultural civilization progressed, people learned to make 17 use of natural resources, forming a relatively 18 coexistence model with the natural world. However, the arrival of industrial revolution completely 19 this balanced state. Driven by the pursuit of economic benefits, human beings began to 20 exploit natural resources, cut down forests, occupy wetlands and discharge pollutants arbitrarily. Such 21 human behaviors have triggered a series of ecological crises, ranging from global warming and soil degradation to the sharp 22 of biological diversity. For decades, the continuous deterioration of ecological environment has sounded a serious 23 for human survival and development. Many regions have witnessed extreme weather, frequent natural disasters and declining land productivity, all of which 24 that blind human exploitation will eventually backfire on mankind itself. Faced with such severe ecological dilemmas, human society has begun to 25 its previous development concept. More people have realized that nature is not an inexhaustible resource bank for human exploitation, but a 26 living community that nurtures all living creatures. Any 27 from natural laws will inevitably lead to ecological imbalance and sustainable development stagnation. Currently, ecological civilization construction has become a 28 global consensus. Countries worldwide are actively 29 environmental protection policies, promoting green production and low-carbon lifestyles, and striving to 30 the damaged ecological systems. Instead of conquering nature, modern people are learning to 31 nature, respect its laws and maintain dynamic balance. The harmony between humans and nature is never a(n) 32 goal that can be achieved overnight, but a long-term mission requiring persistent efforts. It demands the joint 33 of every individual, every community and every country. Small daily behaviors, including saving water, reducing pollution and protecting wild creatures, will finally 34 and form tremendous ecological protection power. Only when humans truly regard themselves as an integral part of nature can we fundamentally 35 the ecological crisis and realize sustainable development for future generations. 16. A. acknowledged B. resisted C. challenged D. neglected 17. A. random B. rational C. excessive D. blind 18. A. conflicting B. temporary C. stable D. fragile 19. A. preserved B. disrupted C. promoted D. simplified 20. A. moderately B. cautiously C. arbitrarily D. occasionally 21. A. aggressive B. passive C. defensive D. conservative 22. A. increase B. decline C. recovery D. stability 23. A. promise B. warning C. guideline D. tendency 24. A. confirm B. deny C. doubt D. assume 25. A. defend B. uphold C. reflect D. advocate 26. A. isolated B. unified C. artificial D. temporary 27. A. departure B. protection C. adaptation D. distinction 28. A. controversial B. rigid C. universal D. limited 29. A. implementing B. abandoning C. delaying D. opposing 30. A. ruin B. restore C. replace D. reserve 31. A. dominate B. abandon C. accommodate D. defeat 32. A. distant B. tough C. instant D. vague 33. A. sacrifice B. ignorance C. cooperation D. hesitation 34. A. accumulate B. disappear C. fluctuate D. separate 35. A. aggravate B. alleviate C. ignore D. simulate 【答案】 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．B 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文为议论文。围绕人与自然关系的演变展开，讲述从原始共生、工业失衡到现代生态修复的发展历程，剖析人类破坏自然的危害，呼吁全人类携手守护生态、实现可持续共生。 16. 答案：A。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. acknowledged 承认、认可；B. resisted 抵抗；C. challenged 挑战；D. neglected 忽视。原始人类生产力低下，完全认可自然的主导地位，依靠采集狩猎生存。故选A。 17. 答案：B。解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. random 随意的；B. rational 理性的、合理的；C. excessive 过度的；D. blind 盲目的。农业文明时期，人类学会合理利用自然资源，不再肆意索取。故选B。 18. 答案：C。解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. conflicting 冲突的；B. temporary 暂时的；C. stable 稳定的；D. fragile 脆弱的。理性利用资源的模式，让人与自然形成了相对稳定的共存状态。故选C。 19. 答案：B。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. preserved 保护；B. disrupted 扰乱、打破；C. promoted 提升；D. simplified 简化。工业革命的到来，彻底打破了人与自然的平衡状态。故选B。 20. 答案：C。解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. moderately 适度地；B. cautiously 谨慎地；C. arbitrarily 肆意地、任意地；D. occasionally 偶尔地。受利益驱使，人类开始肆意开采资源、破坏生态。故选C。 21. 答案：A。解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. aggressive 激进的、过度的；B. passive 被动的；C. defensive 防御的；D. conservative 保守的。人类一系列激进的开发行为，引发了各类生态危机。故选A。 22. 答案：B。解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. increase 增加；B. decline 下降、锐减；C. recovery 恢复；D. stability 稳定。生态破坏导致全球变暖、土地退化、生物多样性锐减等问题。故选B。 23. 答案：B。解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. promise 承诺；B. warning 警示、警告；C. guideline 指导方针；D. tendency 趋势。数十年的生态恶化，为人类的生存发展敲响了警钟。故选B。 24. 答案：A。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. confirm 证实、证明；B. deny 否认；C. doubt 怀疑；D. assume 假定。极端天气、灾害频发等现象证实，盲目开发自然终将反噬人类自身。故选A。 25. 答案：C。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. defend 辩护、保卫；B. uphold 坚持、维护；C. reflect 反思；D. advocate 倡导。面对生态困境，人类开始反思以往片面的发展理念。故选C。 26. 答案：B。解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. isolated 孤立的；B. unified 统一的；C. artificial 人造的；D. temporary 暂时的。自然并非无尽的资源库，而是孕育万物、不可分割的统一生命共同体。故选B。 27. 答案：A。解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. departure 偏离、违背；B. protection 保护；C. adaptation 适应；D. distinction 区别。任何违背自然规律的行为，都会造成生态失衡、发展停滞。故选A。 28. 答案：C。解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. controversial 有争议的；B. rigid 刻板的；C. universal 普遍的、全球的；D. limited 有限的。生态文明建设已成为全球普遍共识。故选C。 29. 答案：A。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. implementing 实施、推行；B. abandoning 抛弃；C. delaying 推迟；D. opposing 反对。世界各国积极推行环保政策，倡导绿色低碳发展。故选A。 30. 答案：B。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. ruin 破坏；B. restore 修复；C. replace 替代；D. reserve 保留。各国全力修复受损的生态系统，弥补生态破坏带来的损失。故选B。 31. 答案：C。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. dominate 支配、掌控；B. abandon 抛弃；C. accommodate 顺应、适配；D. defeat 击败。现代人不再试图征服自然，而是学会顺应自然、尊重规律。故选C。 32. 答案：C。解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. distant 遥远的；B. tough 艰难的；C. instant 即刻的、一蹴而就的；D. vague 模糊的。人与自然的和谐共生绝非一蹴而就的目标，需要长期坚守。故选C。 33. 答案：C。解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. sacrifice 牺牲；B. ignorance 无知；C. cooperation 合作；D. hesitation 犹豫。生态保护需要个人、社区、国家的共同协作与努力。故选C。 34. 答案：A。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. accumulate 积累、汇聚；B. disappear 消失；C. fluctuate 波动；D. separate 分离。点滴绿色环保行为终将汇聚成强大的生态保护力量。故选A。 35. 答案：B。解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. aggravate 加剧；B. alleviate 缓解、减轻；C. ignore 忽视；D. simulate 模拟。只有人类真正融入自然、敬畏自然，才能从根本上缓解生态危机，实现永续发展。故选B。 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Traditional ecological cognition, rooted in thousands of years of Chinese agricultural civilization, embodies profound wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Different from the modern industrial concept of conquering nature, ancient Chinese people adhered to the principle of "taking moderately and using appropriately" when utilizing natural resources. Ancient ecological concepts were fully reflected in seasonal production and living norms. Ancient dynasties formulated strict prohibitions on resource exploitation according to seasonal changes. In growing seasons, deforestation, wild animal hunting and water resource overuse were strictly forbidden, ensuring that natural creatures had sufficient time to reproduce and grow. Such seasonal restrictions effectively prevented the over-consumption of natural resources and maintained the cyclic renewal capacity of ecosystems. In addition, ancient village conventions and family instructions also contained rich ecological protection awareness. Villagers spontaneously protected surrounding mountains, rivers and vegetation, believing that ecological prosperity guaranteed people’s livelihood stability. This folk ecological consciousness, formed and passed down from generation to generation, constituted the grassroots foundation of ancient ecological protection. Though lacking modern scientific and technological means, ancient ecological wisdom focused on long-term ecological balance rather than immediate economic gains. It emphasizes the interdependence and mutual restriction between human activities and natural operation rules, providing valuable ideological reference for modern ecological civilization construction. Today’s environmental governance can draw lessons from traditional ecological concepts to achieve more sustainable and harmonious human-nature relations. 36. What is the core feature of ancient Chinese ecological concepts? A. Pursuing maximum resource utilization B. Stressing moderate use of natural resources C. Relying on technology to transform nature D. Ignoring short-term economic benefits completely 37. Why did ancient dynasties set seasonal exploitation prohibitions? A. To restrict people’s production activities B. To secure natural creatures’ reproduction cycle C. To simplify national management regulations D. To adapt to changes of social customs 38. What can we learn about folk ecological awareness? A. It was enforced by official laws B. It took shape through long-term inheritance C. It focused on technological innovation D. It was superior to modern environmental theories 39. What is the author’s attitude towards traditional ecological wisdom? A. Critical B. Doubtful C. Favorable D. Uncertain 40. Which title best suits the text? A. Inheritance of Ancient Chinese Folk Conventions B. Seasonal Production Rules in Ancient Agricultural Society C. Traditional Ecological Wisdom and Modern Enlightenment D. Comparison Between Ancient and Modern Ecological Concepts 【答案】36．B 37．B 38．B 39．C 40．C 【导语】议论文。文章介绍中国传统生态智慧的核心内涵与具体体现，对比现代工业发展理念，阐明传统生态理念对当代生态文明建设的借鉴意义与启示。 解析： 36.B 解析：根据首段ancient Chinese people adhered to the principle of "taking moderately and using appropriately"可知，中国传统生态理念的核心是适度、合理利用自然资源。 37.B 解析：由第二段可知，古代季节性资源开采禁令，旨在为动植物提供充足的生长繁殖时间，保障生物繁衍周期。 38.B 解析：根据第三段this folk ecological consciousness, formed and passed down from generation to generation可知，民间生态保护意识历经代代传承逐步形成。 39.C 解析：作者认为传统生态智慧重长远平衡、轻短期利益，可为现代环保提供宝贵借鉴，持肯定、支持的态度。 40.C 解析：全文围绕中国传统生态智慧展开，介绍其内涵、表现，并重点阐述其对现代生态治理的启示，C项精准概括全文主旨。 B Wetlands, known as the "kidneys of the earth", are one of the most ecologically valuable ecosystems on the planet. Despite their irreplaceable ecological functions, global wetland areas have witnessed continuous shrinkage over the past century, with human interference serving as the dominant driving factor behind such ecological degradation. Wetlands undertake multiple ecological functions including water purification, flood regulation, climate conditioning and biodiversity maintenance. They can decompose and absorb pollutants in water bodies, alleviate urban heat island effects, and provide habitats for a large number of rare aquatic plants and animals. Statistics show that wetlands support nearly 40 percent of global biological species, though they cover less than 6 percent of the earth’s land surface. Nevertheless, rapid urbanization and industrial expansion have caused severe damage to wetland systems. Large areas of wetlands have been reclaimed for urban construction and agricultural production, resulting in the reduction of natural wetland reserves. Industrial sewage and domestic wastewater discharge have worsened water pollution, leading to the deterioration of wetland water quality and the decrease of biological populations. Besides, blind tourism development has destroyed wetland vegetation and disrupted original ecological balance. In response to the worsening wetland crisis, global wetland protection mechanisms have been gradually improved. Many countries have established wetland nature reserves, formulated special protection laws, and launched ecological restoration projects. Through water quality improvement, vegetation reconstruction and biological reproduction protection, degraded wetlands have achieved effective recovery in many regions. It is universally acknowledged that wetland protection is crucial to global ecological security and sustainable development. 41. What does the underlined word "shrinkage" in paragraph 1 mean? A. Expansion B. Reduction C. Stability D. Fluctuation 42. What can we know about wetlands from paragraph 2? A. They occupy most of the earth’s land area B. They play a vital role in biological diversity protection C. They can completely eliminate all water pollutants D. Their climatic regulation function is limited 43. Which of the following is a human threat to wetlands? A. Rational tourism development B. Water resource circulation C. Land reclamation for construction D. Biological reproduction 44. What is the main measure adopted to protect wetlands? A. Banning all urban construction activities B. Establishing reserves and carrying out restoration C. Reducing all industrial production D. Canceling all wetland tourism projects 45. What is the text mainly about? A. Ecological functions, threats and protection of wetlands B. The classification of global wetland ecosystems C. The history of wetland ecological research D. Differences between wetland and forest ecosystems 【答案】41．B 42．B 43．C 44．B 45．A 【导语】说明文。文章介绍湿地“地球之肾”的生态价值与核心功能，分析城市化、人为开发对湿地造成的破坏，介绍全球湿地保护与生态修复的相关举措。 解析： 41.B 解析：结合后文human interference、ecological degradation可推知，人类破坏导致湿地面积不断缩减，shrinkage意为“减少、缩减”，等同于reduction。 42.B 解析：由第二段wetlands support nearly 40 percent of global biological species可知，湿地覆盖面积小但孕育大量物种，对保护生物多样性至关重要。 43.C 解析：根据第三段Large areas of wetlands have been reclaimed for urban construction可知，城市建设开垦土地是威胁湿地生态的人为因素。 44.B 解析：末段明确各国主要保护措施：建立湿地自然保护区、出台专项法规、开展生态修复工程。 45.A 解析：文章依次介绍湿地的生态功能、人类活动带来的威胁、全球湿地保护修复措施，A项完整概括全文内容。 C The concept of low-carbon life has gradually penetrated into public daily life as global ecological pressure continues to rise. Different from passive environmental protection advocated in the past, modern low-carbon lifestyle emphasizes active and voluntary ecological participation of individuals, aiming to reduce personal carbon footprint and alleviate global ecological pressure through trivial daily behaviors. Individual daily behaviors are closely linked to global carbon emissions. Traditional high-carbon lifestyles, including excessive use of disposable products, long-time private car travel and blind pursuit of high-consumption life, produce massive carbon emissions every day, accelerating global climate change and ecological deterioration. In contrast, low-carbon behaviors such as green travel, waste classification, energy conservation and low-consumption living can effectively cut down unnecessary carbon output. Many people hold the misconception that individual low-carbon behaviors make little difference to global ecological improvement. In fact, ecological protection is a systematic project that relies on the joint efforts of all individuals. Countless individual low-carbon practices will form a huge ecological protection force and bring about fundamental changes to the global ecological environment. Small personal efforts are never negligible in global ecological governance. To popularize low-carbon life concepts, communities and schools have launched various publicity and practical activities to guide citizens and students to develop green living habits. With the continuous promotion of low-carbon concepts, more people are abandoning extravagant high-carbon lifestyles and choosing simple, green and eco-friendly living patterns, which lays a solid foundation for global ecological sustainable development. 46. What is the feature of modern low-carbon life? A. Passive acceptance of environmental rules B. Active personal ecological participation C. Complete abandonment of daily consumption D. Dependence on national policy supervision 47. What is people’s common wrong view about low-carbon life? A. Individual efforts have limited ecological influence B. Low-carbon life increases living costs C. Low-carbon behaviors are hard to practice D. National policies dominate ecological protection 48. Why does the author attach importance to individual low-carbon behaviors? A. They can completely reverse climate change B. Collective individual efforts generate huge ecological value C. They are the only way to protect ecology D. They have been widely recognized by the public 49. What measure is taken to promote low-carbon life? A. Forcing citizens to change living habits B. Launching targeted publicity and practical activities C. Banning all high-carbon consumption behaviors D. Offering economic rewards for low-carbon behaviors 50. What is the author’s main purpose of writing the text? A. To analyze the causes of global climate change B. To advocate positive low-carbon daily lifestyles C. To introduce the classification of carbon emissions D. To evaluate current ecological protection policies 【答案】46．B 47．A 48．B 49．B 50．B 【导语】议论文。文章对比传统高碳生活与现代低碳生活的差异，纠正“个人环保无用”的认知误区，倡导大众主动践行低碳生活，助力生态可持续发展。 46.B 解析：首段明确现代低碳生活区别于被动环保，核心特点是鼓励个人主动、自愿参与生态保护。 47.A 解析：根据第三段Many people hold the misconception that individual low-carbon behaviors make little difference可知，大众普遍存在的误区是认为个人环保力量微不足道。 48.B 解析：文章指出无数个人低碳行为汇聚起来，能形成巨大的环保力量，创造极高的生态价值。 49.B 解析：末段提到社区和学校通过开展各类宣传与实践活动，引导大众养成绿色低碳的生活习惯。 50.B 解析：全文通过分析低碳生活的意义、破除认知误区，最终目的是倡导大众积极践行低碳生活方式。 D Forest ecosystems serve as the core component of terrestrial ecology, undertaking the critical task of carbon absorption, oxygen release and ecological balance maintenance. In recent decades, deforestation caused by human activities has led to the deterioration of forest ecology, triggering a series of chain ecological reactions such as soil erosion, biodiversity loss and regional climate abnormality. Artificial afforestation and forest ecological restoration have become effective approaches to reverse forest degradation. Different from natural forest growth which relies entirely on natural evolution, artificial ecological restoration combines scientific planning with manual intervention, which can accelerate forest recovery efficiency and optimize ecological structure. Scientific afforestation not only increases forest coverage, but also improves forest species diversity and enhances ecosystem stability. However, blind afforestation may bring potential ecological risks. Unreasonable tree species selection, single vegetation structure and unscientific planting density will fail to form stable ecological communities, and may even aggravate local water resource shortage and soil degradation. Therefore, forest restoration must adhere to scientific principles, adapt to local natural conditions and avoid rigid and mechanical planting modes. Long-term forest ecological management requires the combination of restoration and protection. While carrying out afforestation projects, relevant departments need to strengthen forest resource supervision, prohibit illegal logging and deforestation, and establish long-term ecological monitoring mechanisms. Only by combining scientific restoration with strict protection can forest ecosystems achieve sustainable and healthy development and continuously exert ecological benefits. 51. What problem does deforestation result in? A. Improvement of soil quality B. Reduction of biological varieties C. Stability of regional climate D. Increase of ecological balance 52. What is the advantage of artificial forest restoration compared with natural growth? A. Lower cost of manpower and resources B. Faster and optimized ecological recovery C. No need for later ecological supervision D. Completely free from natural restrictions 53. Why does blind afforestation cause ecological risks? A. It adopts unscientific planting modes B. It consumes too little natural resources C. It diversifies local vegetation structure D. It adapts well to local conditions 54. What is the key to long-term forest ecological development? A. Large-scale blind afforestation B. Separate restoration and protection work C. Scientific restoration plus strict supervision D. Complete prohibition of tree planting 55. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Natural forest growth has no practical value B. Scientific forest restoration needs tailored plans C. Artificial afforestation always causes ecological problems D. Forest supervision is unnecessary after afforestation 【答案】51．B 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．B 【导语】说明文。文章阐述森林生态系统的重要作用，对比自然生长与人工造林的优劣，指出盲目造林的生态风险，说明森林长效保护需科学修复与严格监管相结合。 51.B 解析：根据首段deforestation...triggering...biodiversity loss可知，滥砍滥伐会导致生物多样性减少、物种数量下降。 52.B 解析：第二段说明人工生态修复结合科学规划，可加快森林恢复速度、优化生态结构，优于自然野生生长。 53.A 解析：第三段指出树种选择不当、种植密度不合理等不科学的种植模式，会导致盲目造林，引发生态风险。 54.C 解析：末段点明，森林长期生态发展的核心是将科学生态修复与严格的资源监管、保护相结合。 55.B 解析：由adapt to local natural conditions可知，森林修复需因地制宜、贴合本地自然条件，制定定制化科学方案。 第Ⅱ卷(共三节，共55分) 第一节：单词拼写，根据首字母拼写单词或者根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） 56．The harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature is the fundamental g______ of sustainable social development. 【答案】goal 【详解】考查名词。fundamental为形容词，后接名词。句意：人与自然和谐共生是社会可持续发展的根本目标。故填goal。 57．Excessive human exploitation will definitely ______ (破坏) the inherent balance of ecological systems. 【答案】disrupt 【详解】：考查动词。情态动词will后接动词原形。disrupt 破坏、扰乱。句意：人类过度开采必然会破坏生态系统的固有平衡。故填disrupt。 58．Wetlands are vital natural barriers that p______ coastal areas from storm surges and floods. 【答案】protect 【详解】：考查动词固定搭配。protect...from... 保护……免受……。句意：湿地是重要天然屏障，保护沿海地区免受风暴和洪水侵袭。故填protect。 59．Ancient ecological wisdom offers ______ (宝贵的) guidance for modern environmental governance. 【答案】precious 【详解】：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词guidance。precious 宝贵的、珍贵的。句意：古代生态智慧为现代环境治理提供了宝贵指导。故填precious。 60．The rapid urban expansion has caused the l______ of a large number of natural habitats for wild creatures. 【答案】loss 【详解】：考查名词。the loss of... ……的流失/丧失。句意：快速的城市扩张导致大量野生动物栖息地消失。故填loss。 61．Scientific ecological restoration can effectively r______ the damaged natural environment and revive biodiversity. 【答案】restore 【详解】：考查动词。情态动词can后接动词原形。restore 修复、恢复。句意：科学的生态修复能有效改善受损环境，恢复生物多样性。故填restore。 62．Extreme weather events are ______ (逐渐) becoming frequent due to global ecological deterioration. 【答案】gradually 【详解】：考查副词。副词修饰动词becoming。gradually 逐渐地、逐步地。句意：受全球生态恶化影响，极端天气愈发频发。故填gradually。 63．Low-carbon lifestyles help reduce carbon e______ and relieve the pressure of global warming. 【答案】emissions 【详解】：考查名词固定搭配。carbon emissions 碳排放（固定生态术语）。句意：低碳生活有助于减少碳排放，缓解全球变暖压力。故填emissions。 64．Every individual is an ______ (不可或缺的) participant in ecological civilization construction. 【答案】indispensable 【详解】：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词participant。indispensable 不可或缺的、必不可少的。句意：每个人都是生态文明建设不可或缺的参与者。故填indispensable。 65．Forests serve as natural shelters for wild animals and m______ the stability of regional ecology. 【答案】maintain 【详解】：考查动词。and连接并列谓语，用动词原形。maintain 维持、保持。句意：森林为野生动物提供庇护，维持区域生态稳定。故填maintain。 66．Blind industrial development poses a severe t______ to the survival of rare species. 【答案】threat 【详解】：考查名词固定搭配。pose a threat to... 对……构成威胁。句意：盲目工业发展对珍稀物种的生存造成严重威胁。故填threat。 67．We should respect natural laws and avoid ______ (任意的) transformation of the ecological environment. 【答案】arbitrary 【详解】：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词transformation。arbitrary 任意的、肆意的。句意：我们应尊重自然规律，避免肆意改造生态环境。故填arbitrary。 68．The government has issued strict regulations to ______ (禁止) illegal deforestation and wetland occupation. 【答案】prohibit 【详解】：考查动词。不定式to后接动词原形。prohibit 禁止、阻止。句意：政府出台严苛法规，禁止非法伐木和侵占湿地。故填prohibit。 69．The ______ (循环的) operation of ecosystems ensures the sustainable renewal of natural resources. 【答案】cyclic 【详解】：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词operation。cyclic 循环的、周期性的。句意：生态系统的循环运转保障自然资源的可持续更新。故填cyclic。 70．Public awareness of environmental protection is a______ steadily with the promotion of ecological education. 【答案】advancing 【详解】：考查现在进行时。be+现在分词构成进行时态。advance 提升、进步。句意：随着生态教育普及，公众环保意识稳步提升。故填advancing。 71. The ecological damage caused by human activities is largely ______ (不可逆的) and hard to remedy. 【答案】irreversible 【详解】：考查形容词。形容词作表语。irreversible 不可逆的、无法挽回的。句意：人类造成的生态破坏大多不可逆、难以修复。故填irreversible。 72.Community greening projects greatly ______ (改善) the local living and ecological environment. 【答案】improve 【详解】：考查一般现在时。主语projects为复数，谓语用原形。improve 改善、优化。句意：社区绿化工程极大改善了当地人居与生态环境。故填improve。 73. Biodiversity p______ the richness and stability of natural ecological systems. 【答案】preserves 【详解】：考查主谓一致。主语biodiversity为不可数名词，谓语用三单形式。preserve 维系、保护。句意：生物多样性维系着自然生态系统的丰富性与稳定性。故填preserves。 74. Long-term ecological protection requires ______ (持续的) efforts and universal participation. 【答案】continuous/consistent 【详解】：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词efforts。continuous/consistent 持续的、持久的。句意：长期生态保护需要持之以恒的努力和全民参与。故填continuous/consistent。 75. Rational utilization of natural resources is the key to human-nature h______. 【答案】harmony 【详解】：考查名词固定搭配。human-nature harmony 人与自然和谐共生。句意：合理利用自然资源是实现人与自然和谐共生的关键。故填harmony。 第二节：阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 76. What is the definition of ecological restoration? (no more than 12 words) 77. What determines different ecological restoration strategies? (no more than 8 words) 78. What risk will excessive human intervention bring? (no more than 10 words) 79. Why do blind rapid restoration measures fail? (no more than 12 words) 80. What is your attitude towards ecological restoration? (no more than 15 words) 答案： 76. A process of repairing damaged ecosystems. 77. Types of ecological damage. 78. It causes secondary ecological damage. 79. It leads to unstable and repeated degradation. 80. It is essential and deserves long-term efforts. 【导语】数十年人类活动持续给地球生态系统带来压力，大量自然环境遭到不同程度破坏与退化。生态修复为扭转这一局面提供可行路径，依靠人工举措结合自然力量，修复受损生态。生态受损类型不同，修复方案亦需因地制宜，针对湿地、林地、荒漠化土地采取差异化手段。急功近利、方式不当的治理容易造成二次破坏，这也印证，有效的生态修复贵在遵循自然规律、秉持科学理念并长期稳步推进。 76. 答案：A process of repairing damaged ecosystems.解析：定位文章首段，提炼生态修复的核心定义，精简语句、控制词数，保留“修复受损生态系统”核心语义。 77. 答案：Types of ecological damage.解析：根据第二段首句可知，不同的生态破坏类型，对应不同的针对性修复方案，精简作答即可。 78. 答案：It causes secondary ecological damage.解析：定位第三段，过度人为干预会打破生态固有平衡，造成二次生态破坏，提炼核心信息作答。 79. 答案：It leads to unstable and repeated degradation.解析：由第四段可知，盲目快速的修复方式会导致生态恢复不稳定、环境反复恶化，据此精简作答。 80. 答案：It is essential and deserves long-term efforts.解析：开放态度题，结合全文主旨，表达对生态修复的肯定，贴合主题、语法正确、词数合规即可。 第三节：书面表达（满分25分） 81． 假定你是高一学生李华，你校英文报正在开展以Harmony Between Humans and Nature 为主题的征文活动，请你投稿。内容包括： 1. 当下生态环境面临的主要问题；2.人与自然和谐共生的重要意义；3.青少年践行生态保护的具体做法。 要求：1.逻辑清晰，采用LBTM暗逻辑行文，无显性连接词；2.新概念文风，地道朴素高级，无中式英语；3. 词数100左右，句式多样，贴合天津培优高分标准；4. 紧扣Unit6主题，运用单元核心词汇与句型。 答案： Dear Editors, I am writing to submit an article about Harmony Between Humans and Nature as requested. Decades of blind exploitation of natural resources have caused severe damage to the global ecology. Such cumulative ecological harm has given rise to wetland reduction, biodiversity loss and frequent extreme weather, all severe ecological challenges restricting the sustainable development of society. Balanced coexistence with nature supports human survival and social progress. It is an undeniable fact that natural ecosystems nourish all living creatures and provide irreplaceable resources for human development. Only by abiding by natural laws can humanity avoid ecological backlash and achieve long-term prosperity. Teenagers can make modest yet valuable contributions to daily ecological protection. As young guardians of the environment, we can adopt low-carbon lifestyles to save natural resources and refuse wasteful consumption. These continuous tiny efforts help maintain ecological stability and prosperity, fostering lasting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Yours faithfully, Li Hua, a high school freshman 【导语】本篇书面表达属于人类文明的发展始终依托于大自然，而自然的承载能力约束着社会发展的上限。长期无序开发不断冲击全球生态环境，人与自然和谐共处愈发重要。校英文报面向同学征稿，李华以 Harmony Between Humans and Nature 为题投稿，阐述当下生态现状、顺应自然的意义以及青少年可行的环保行动。 【解析】 范文适用场景：天津高一Unit 6培优测试 | 考场满分作文 | 必背考点 第一段：背景铺垫 核心表达：blind exploitation；cumulative ecological harm；biodiversity loss 句式亮点：独立主格结构 all severe ecological challenges restricting…，用非谓语后置补充现象带来的难题，避开简单并列句。 行文逻辑：陈述长期掠夺→衍生各类生态危机→限制社会可持续发展，由现象到影响。 第二段：观点立论 核心表达：balanced coexistence；abide by natural laws；ecological backlash 句式亮点：It is an undeniable fact that ...主语从句，Only by…can humanity… 部分倒装，天津高一必考高分句型。 行文逻辑：点明人与自然共生的价值，阐释自然的哺育作用，引出核心观点：遵从自然才能长久发展。 第三段：落地举措 核心表达：modest yet valuable contributions；low-carbon lifestyles；wasteful consumption 行文逻辑：落脚青少年群体，提出日常可行方式，串联微小行动与长远生态平衡，实现论点闭环。As young guardians of the environment, we...，to save natural resources，fostering lasting harmonious coexistence，为表达中心思想发挥了语法关键作用。 写作方法论备注（符合教学要求）——全文摒弃 firstly/besides 等显性过渡词，依靠语义自然推进层次，符合英语逻辑思维写作要求；词汇区分基础词与书面高级词，句式融合非谓语、倒装、同位补充结构，匹配南开、耀华、一中高一培优作文评分标准。 2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $