必修二 Unit 3 The Internet 现在完成时的被动语态- 【简语法-单元重点语法精练】 2025-2026学年 高中英语高一上学期（人教版2019）

单元核心语法·精练 必修二 Unit 3 The Internet （现在完成时的被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、现在完成时被动语态的构成及句式 用法介绍 现在完成时的被动语态表示过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的影响，或从过去持续到现在的被动状态，基本结构为 “have/has + been + 过去分词”。 类型 结构公式 示例 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词 + 其他 The work has been finished.（工作已经被完成了。） These books have been borrowed by the students.（这些书已经被学生借走了。） 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter has not been sent yet.（这封信还没有被寄出。） 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 其他？ Have the windows been cleaned?（窗户已经被擦了吗？） 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 其他？ How many trees have been planted this year?（今年已经种了多少棵树？） 注意事项 1. 助动词不可省略：“have/has” 和 “been” 是构成该时态的核心助动词，缺一不可（错误：The task has finished. 正确：The task has been finished. 前者缺少被动标志 “been”）。 2. 动词短语的完整性：“动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词（如 look after, put off）用于被动语态时，介词 / 副词不可省略（如 The children have been looked after well. 不可省略 after）。 3. 时间状语的搭配：可与 already（肯定句）、yet（否定 / 疑问句）、so far、by now 等连用（如 The project has been completed so far.），但不可与具体过去时间（如 yesterday）连用。 二、现在完成时被动语态的用法场景 用法介绍 该时态主要用于强调被动动作与现在的关联，包括动作的完成结果、持续状态或对将来的影响。 用法场景 说明 示例 过去被动动作对现在的影响 动作已完成，结果仍存在 My bike has been repaired，so I can ride it today.（我的自行车已经被修好，所以今天能骑了。） 从过去持续到现在的被动状态 与 for/since 连用，表动作持续的时间 This bridge has been used for over 50 years.（这座桥已经被使用了 50 多年。） 时间 / 条件从句中表将来完成的被动动作 替代将来完成时被动语态，强调对将来的影响 I will go home when my homework has been done.（作业做完后我就回家。） 注意事项 1. 非延续性动词的限制：finish、buy、marry 等非延续性动词的被动语态不可与表一段时间的状语（for/since）连用（错误：The book has been bought for a week. 正确：The book has been kept for a week. 需转换为延续性动词）。 2. 双宾语的被动转换：带双宾语的动词（如 give、teach）被动语态中，可将间接宾语变为主语，或直接宾语变为主语（需加介词 to/for）（如 He was given a gift. = A gift was given to him.）。 3. 与一般过去时被动语态的区别：前者强调与现在的联系（如 The door has been locked. 暗示 “现在门是锁着的”）；后者仅表过去的动作（如 The door was locked yesterday. 与现在状态无关）。 三、现在完成时被动语态的特殊注意点 用法介绍 该时态在复合宾语、主谓一致等场景中需遵循特定规则，避免常见错误。 特殊场景 规则说明 示例 复合宾语的被动转换 原宾补变为主补，省略 to 的不定式需还原 to They saw her sing. → She was seen to sing.（有人看见她唱歌。） 主谓一致 谓语动词与主语保持一致，与过去分词无关 The trees have been planted.（复数主语用 have） This tree has been planted.（单数主语用 has） 不确定时间状语的使用 可与 just、recently、in the past few years 等连用 She has been praised recently for her work.（她最近因工作被表扬了。） 注意事项 1. 复合宾语的还原：感官动词（see、hear）或使役动词（make、let）后省略 to 的不定式作宾补时，被动语态中需还原 to（错误：He was made work hard. 正确：He was made to work hard.）。 2. 避免时态混淆：不可误用于表纯粹过去的被动动作（如错误：The Great Wall has been built thousands of years ago. 正确：The Great Wall was built thousands of years ago.）。 3. 延续性转换技巧：非延续性动词需转换为对应的延续性动词（如 “borrow”→“keep”、“die”→“be dead”）才能与表一段时间的状语连用。 一、单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末）A community, which was made up of experts from different countries, (establish) to limit damage to the temple. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was established 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：一个由来自不同国家的专家组成的社区建立起来，以限制对寺庙的破坏。分析句子结构可知，空处为主句谓语，结合“was made up of”可知，使用一般过去时，主语A community和establish之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语用单数形式。故填was established。 2．（24-25高一上·湖南衡阳·期末）He was (permit) to practice the piano no more than one hour a day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】permitted 【详解】考查语态。句意：他被允许每天练习钢琴不超过一个小时。“permit”意为“允许；许可”，是动词。句子主语“He”和“permit”之间是被动关系，即“他被允许”，结合句子中已有“was”，所以要用过去分词permitted构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填permitted。 3．（23-24高一上·福建莆田·期末）Thirty miners (trap) in the mine after yesterday’s explosion.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】were trapped 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：昨天的爆炸后，30名矿工被困在矿井里。trap作本句谓语，和主语Thirty miners之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据yesterday可知，用一般过去时。故填were trapped。 4．（24-25高一上·宁夏银川·期末）This company was (found) in 1990. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】founded 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这家公司成立于1990年。根据时间状语“in 1990”可知，此处为一般过去时，this company和found为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词was，空处需填过去分词。故填founded。 5．（23-24高一上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）So far, 400 million yuan (collect) for Project Hope. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been collected 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，已经为希望工程募集了4亿元。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文so far可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为400 million yuan，助动词用has。故填has been collected。 6．（23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）As a father, nothing has made him more proud than the fact that three of his four children (admit) into Peking University. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been admitted 【详解】考察现在完成时的被动语态。句意：作为一个父亲，他的四个孩子全部都被北京大学录取，没有什么事情比那更让他自豪的了。admit的意思是“承认；准入；录取”。根据题意，四个孩子已经被北京大学录取，表示过去动作对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时，且使用被动语态。故填have been admitted. 7．（24-25高一上·甘肃兰州·期末）It is not the first time that immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment (deliver) to poor regions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been delivered 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这并不是第一次向贫困地区运送大量最先进的教学设备。此处主语immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment与谓语构成被动关系，此处为句型it is not the first time that+现在完成时，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been delivered。 8．（24-25高一上·北京西城·期末）Up until now, all the old machines (replace) with new ones. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been replaced 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：直到现在，所有的旧机器都被更换成新的了。根据时间状语up until now可知，应用现在完成时，主语all the old machines与动词replace之间是被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词使用have。故填have been replaced。 9．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末）The whole village, including yards and streets, (plant) with diverse flowers since spring, and new ones will be added to make it more beautiful. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been planted 【详解】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：从春天开始，整个村庄，包括院子和街道，都种上了各种各样的花，新的花将会增加，使它更加美丽。院子和街道是被种上了花，由since可知，句子用现在完成时，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语The whole village是单数，因此空格处是has been planted。故填has been planted。 10．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末）Quantities of money (raıse) for disaster relief since the earthquake struck. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been raised 【详解】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：自从地震发生以来，已经为救灾筹集了大量资金。由since可知，句子时态是现在完成时，money与raise之间是被动关系，因此句子用现在完成时的被动语态，quantities of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词根据quantities的单复数来定，quantities是复数，因此空格处是have been raised。故填have been raised。 11．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末）He (forgive) for missing the meeting yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was forgiven 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他昨天没有参加会议，大家原谅了他。空处为谓语动词，由“yesterday”可知，该句为一般过去时；forgive为动词，表示“原谅”，forgive sb for doing sth表示“原谅某人做某事”，故forgive与“He”之间为被动关系，表示“他昨天没有参加会议被原谅了”。故填was forgiven。 12．（23-24高一上·吉林长春·期末）So far, all possible means (try) to prevent the animals from dying out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been tried 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，人们已经尝试了一切可能的方法来防止这种动物灭绝。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语So far可知，此处为现在完成时，主语all possible means为复数名词和动词try为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been tried。 13．（23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Since 200 B．C．, Goji berries (use) in traditional Chinese medicine. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have been used 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自公元前200年以来，枸杞就被用于传统中药中。根据时间状语“Since 200 B.C.”可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语为Goji berries，表示复数，谓语应用复数形式；且主语和use之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填have been used。 14．（23-24高一上·上海青浦·期末）Wildcats are the UK’s rarest native mammal and (hunt) to extinction in most parts of Britain for their thick hair in the past decades. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been hunted 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：野猫是英国最稀有的本土哺乳动物，在过去几十年中，由于其浓密的毛发，在英国大部分地区被猎杀至灭绝。根据句中的时间状语in the past decades，这里应用现在完成时。主语为Wildcats，谓语应用复数，且主语和hunt之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。故填have been hunted。 15．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末）All possible means (attempt) to save the poor boy up to now, but he is still in danger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been attempted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，为了挽救这个可怜的男孩，所有可能的办法都已经被尝试过了，但他仍然处于危险之中。根据up to now可知，attempt“尝试”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，且与主语All possible means为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，又因主语是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been attempted。 二、完成句子：根据句意和所给的汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. （24-25 高一上・天津和平・期中・改编）Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books ________（提供） to the area from all over the globe since the earthquake occurred in Turkey. 【答案】has been offered 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自从土耳其发生地震以来，世界各地向该地区提供了一些设备以及大量地图和书籍。根据 “since the earthquake occurred in Turkey” 可知，此处为现在完成时，主语 Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books 和 offer 为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语由 as well as 连接，谓语动词遵循就远原则，与 some equipment 保持一致，助动词使用 has。 2. （24-25 高一上・广东广州・期中・改编）In the UK, when having dinner with your friends, you have to wait until everyone else ________（招待） before you start eating. 【答案】has been served 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在英国，当你和你的朋友共进晚餐时，你必须等到所有人都被招待后才开始吃饭。空格处缺少谓语动词，句中强调 “所有人都被招待” 的动作已经完成，应用现在完成时，everyone else 与 serve 为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，everyone else 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 3. （23-24 高一上・广东江门・期中・改编）People are eager to find Kate, the lost girl. She was last ________（看见） playing in the park. 【答案】seen 【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意：人们渴望找到失踪的女孩凯特。她最后一次被看到是在公园里玩耍。see 与主语 she 之间为被动关系，用过去分词 seen 和 was 构成一般过去时的被动语态。 4. （24-25 高一上・陕西汉中・期中・改编）—Have you seen the movie Titanic? —Yes. It’s well worth _______（看）. It’s so _______（感人的） that I was deeply _______（打动） by the story. 【答案】seeing; moving; moved 【详解】考查非谓语动词、形容词和被动语态。句意：—— 你看过电影《泰坦尼克号》吗？—— 是的。它非常值得一看。它如此感人，以至于我被故事深深打动了。第一空，“well worth” 后接动名词 seeing，表示 “值得做某事”；第二空，moving 表示事物的特征，意为 “令人感动的”；第三空，be moved by 为固定搭配，意为 “被…… 打动”。 5. （24-25 高一上・天津・期中・改编）Up to now, a large number of high-rise buildings ______（建造） in our city, making it different from what it was ten years ago. 【答案】have been built 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们城市中已经建造了大量高层建筑，使其与十年前不同。根据时间状语 up to now 可知，用现在完成时，build 与主语 buildings 之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，“a large number of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 6. （24-25 高一上・上海浦东新・期中・改编）With the advancement of biotechnology, various kinds of genetically-modified food ________（使…… 可获得） available to the general public at reasonable prices. 【答案】have been made 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：随着生物技术的进步，各种转基因食品以合理的价格向公众提供。主语 various kinds of genetically-modified food 和动词 make 之间是被动关系，本句描述已完成动作的结果，用现在完成时的被动语态，谓语动词与 kinds 保持一致，助动词用 have。 7. （24-25 高一上・天津滨海新・期中・改编）—Hey! A message on my cellphone shows that I have won a big prize! — Delete it! Many people ________（欺骗） by such tricks so far. 【答案】have been cheated 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：—— 嘿！手机短信显示我中了大奖！—— 删除它！至今已有不少人被这样的伎俩所欺骗。由 so far 可知，用现在完成时，主语 people 和动词 cheat 是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。 8. （24-25 高一上・广东广州・期中・改编）He has told me that he will fly to Beijing for a holiday next Sunday if his paper ________（完成） by that time. 【答案】has been finished 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他告诉我，如果他的论文在那个时候写完，他将在下周日飞往北京度假。if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用现在时态表将来，“by that time” 表示截止到将来某时间点，用现在完成时表已完成的动作，paper 与 finish 是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。 9. （24-25 高一上・广东深圳・期中・改编）To make public transportation more efficient and environmentally friendly, several improvements ________（做出） by the city planners in recent years. 【答案】have been made 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：为了使公共交通更加高效和环保，近年来城市规划者进行了一些改进。根据时间状语 in recent years 可知，用现在完成时，主语 several improvements 与动词 make 之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用 have。 10. （24-25 高一上・广东梅州・期中・改编）So far, much _________（写） about the wonders of the World Wide Web. 【答案】has been written 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，关于万维网的奇迹已经写了很多。结合时间状语 “So far” 可知，用现在完成时，write 和主语 much 之间是被动关系，用被动语态，much 是单数概念，助动词用 has。 11. （24-25 高一上・上海・期中・改编）Scott’s expedition ____________（使…… 生动） to life by the interesting things inside the hut such as wooden skis, penguins’ eggs and biscuits. 【答案】has been brought 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：斯科特的探险队因小屋里的有趣事物而栩栩如生，比如木制滑雪板、企鹅蛋和饼干。bring...to life 为固定搭配，意为 “使…… 生动起来”，主语和动词短语是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态。 12. （23-24 高一上・广东深圳・期中・改编）The old man was very happy when he ______（包围） by the lovely kids. 【答案】was surrounded 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：当老人被可爱的孩子们包围时，他非常高兴。主句用一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时，主语 he 和动词 surround 是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，be 动词用 was。 13. （23-24 高一上・陕西西安・期中・改编）Some of the rescue workers and doctors______（困住） in the ruins. 【答案】were trapped 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时，主语 Some of the rescue workers and doctors 与 trap 之间是被动关系，用被动语态。 14. （22-23 高一上・广东深圳・期中・改编）The Xi’an City Wall ____（建造） originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. 【答案】was built 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：西安城墙最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而修建的，现在已经完全恢复。根据句中的 originally 可知，用一般过去时，主语 The Xi’an City Wall 和 build 之间是被动关系，用被动语态。 15. （23-24 高一上・天津・期中・改编）A brief history of time, written by the great physicist Stephen Hawking, ______（出版） in 1988 and has been translated into more than 40 languages ever since. 【答案】was published 【详解】考查动词时态、被动语态和主谓一致。句意：由伟大的物理学家斯蒂芬・霍金撰写的《时间简史》于 1988 年出版，至今已被翻译成 40 多种语言。根据时间状语 in 1988 可知，用一般过去时，主语 A brief history of time 和动词 publish 之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·陕西西安·期末）Social networking is a tool used by people all around the world. Its 1 is to promote and aid communication. 2 this type of technology might he doing more harm than good. On these networking sites, users 3 post pictures of themselves and their friends. Teenagers, however, use this new technology in a way that could be 4 . In this stage of their lives, they always 5 to impress their peers (同龄人). Teenagers attract attention through the interesting pictures they 6 . In order to get the results they want, they try to get a reaction from controversial (引起争论的) 7 of themselves. These adolescents needing to be “cool” lead to lots of young girls and boys attempting to 8 one another by showing themselves drinking, smoking and partying. With so many teens using social networking, it has become easier to 9 one another. Cyber bullying (欺凌) is a form of bullying that is only done through the web. Bullying is 10 to deal with in person, but the situation is even severer over the Internet. When 11 comments are posted on a person’s page, anyone can see them, including the victims (受害者). However, on the networks no one is there to 12 the attack. This makes it harder for a 13 to find the attacker. With the constant use of these social technologies, fewer people are communicating in person. Many people are becoming 14 due to the lack of personal communication. What’s more, without person-to-person communication we will lose our language skills and have trouble speaking in public. Social networking aids long-distance communication greatly but there must be a stopping point. It of cannot become our main 15 communication. 1. A．challenge B．feature C．purpose D．solution 2. A．Therefore B．However C．Moreover D．Instead 3. A．normally B．quickly C．repeatedly D．slowly 4. A．boring B．useless C．dangerous D．strange 5. A．manage B．pretend C．want D．agree 6. A．draw B．post C．take D．collect 7. A．conclusion B．images C．pressure D．stories 8. A．frighten B．support C．influence D．impress 9. A．cheat B．attack C．bother D．rob 10. A．difficult B．common C．direct D．possible 11. A．true B．meaningful C．stupid D．rude 12. A．witness B．cause C．prevent D．suffer 13. A．user B．victim C．teenager D．parent 14. A．lonelier B．quieter C．weaker D．lazier 15. A．form B．system C．rule D．task 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了社交网络在世界应用很广，是一种交流工具，特别是在青少年中的运用广泛。但是我们也要认清它的弊端，它不能变成我们主要的交流方式。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的目的是促进和帮助交流。A. challenge挑战；B. feature特征；C. purpose目的；D. solution解决办法。根据下文“to promote and aid communication(为了促进和帮助交流)”可知，此处表社交网络的“目的”符合语境。故选C项。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种技术可能弊大于利。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Moreover此外；D. Instead代替。根据下文“this type of technology might he doing more harm than good(这种技术可能弊大于利)”可知，此处和上文是转折关系。故选B项。 3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这些社交网站上，用户通常会发布自己和朋友的照片。A. normally正常地；B. quickly迅速地；C. repeatedly重复地；D. slowly慢慢地。分析句意可知，此处指一般情况，所以用normally表示“通常地”符合语境。故选A项。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，青少年使用这项新技术的方式可能很危险。A. boring厌烦的；B. useless无用的；C. dangerous危险的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“Teenagers attract attention through the interesting pictures(青少年通过有趣的图片吸引注意力)”和“by showing themselves drinking, smoking and partying.(通过展示自己喝酒、抽烟和参加派对。)”可知，青少年用各种方式吸引别人的注意力，这样做会很“危险”。故选C项。 5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们总是想给同龄人留下深刻印象。A. manage管理；B. pretend假装；C. want想要；D. agree同意。根据下文“Teenagers attract attention through the interesting pictures(青少年通过有趣的图片吸引注意力)”可知，青少年总是“想要”给同龄人留下深刻印象。故选C项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：青少年通过发布有趣的图片来吸引人们的注意。A. draw绘画；B. post发布、张贴；C. take拿走；D. collect收集。根据上文的pictures可知，此处指在网上“发布”的图片。故选B项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了得到他们想要的结果，他们试图从自己有争议的图像中得到反应。A. conclusion结论；B. images图像；C. pressure压力；D. stories故事。根据上文的interesting pictures可知，此处用images与上文呼应。故选B项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些需要“酷”的青少年导致许多年轻的女孩和男孩试图通过展示自己喝酒、抽烟和参加派对来给对方留下深刻印象。A. frighten使惊恐；B. support支持；C. influence影响；D. impress印象。根据下文“by showing themselves drinking, smoking and partying.(通过展示自己喝酒、抽烟和参加派对。)”可知，此处用impress表示，通过这些方式给对方“留下深刻印象”。故选D项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着如此多的青少年使用社交网络，互相攻击变得更加容易。A. cheat欺骗；B. attack袭击；C. bother打扰；D. rob抢劫。根据下文Cyber bullying可知，此处是指在网上互相“攻击”。故选B项。 10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：欺凌很难亲自处理，但在互联网上的情况更加严重。A. difficult困难的；B. common共同的；C. direct直接的；D. possible可能的。根据下文“the situation is even severer (情况更加严峻)”可知，此处指很难“处理”。故选A项。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当粗鲁的评论被发布在一个人的页面上时，任何人都可以看到它们，包括受害者。A. true真实的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. stupid愚笨的；D. rude粗鲁的。根据上文的severer可知，此处用rude表示“粗鲁的”评论符合语境。故选D项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在网络上没有人能目睹这次攻击。A. witness目睹；B. cause引起；C. prevent阻止；D. suffer遭受。根据上文的on the networks可知，在网络上没有人能“目睹”攻击。故选A项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使得受害者更难找到攻击者。A. user使用者；B. victim受害者；C. teenager青少年；D. parent父母。根据下文“to find the attacker(找到攻击者)”可知，此处指“受害者”。故选B项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于缺乏人际交流，许多人变得越来越孤独。A. lonelier更孤独的；B. quieter更安静的；C. weaker较弱的；D. lazier更懒惰的。根据下文“the lack of personal communication(缺乏个人沟通)”可知，缺少了交流。人会变得“孤独”。故选A项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它不可能成为我们主要的交流形式。A. form形式；B. system体系；C. rule规则；D. task任务。根据上文“Social networking aids long-distance communication greatly(社交网络极大地帮助了远距离交流)”可知，社交网络是交流的一种“形式”。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time. This isn’t 1 for me. Let me tell you why. I’m the youngest in the family. Because my brothers are away at 2 , I often feel lonely. Thanks to technology, I’m able to see and talk to them 3 using video calls. Sometimes, I even chat with their friends if they 4 to be around. My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet. I can see how their colleges 5 and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers 6 with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other 7 loves to be taken. With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They 8 a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are 9 . I often share my problems with them 10 they often give me some advice. They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply to my 11 . I have been writing so much that even my teachers notice that my 12 has improved. In a word, I don’t think that technology has 13 wrong. For my brothers and I, technology has brought us 14 . Now we communicate much more every day. We can also 15 what is happening in our lives better. Can technology bring us good or bad? It is up to how we use it. 1. A．true B．important C．fresh D．special 2. A．sea B．college C．work D．home 3. A．by B．for C．of D．from 4. A．ask B．want C．offer D．happen 5. A．look at B．look out C．look like D．look up 6. A．competed B．compared C．agreed D．provided 7. A．just B．luckily C．carefully D．suddenly 8. A．served B．bought C．made D．found 9. A．available B．upset C．necessary D．comfortable 10. A．after B．if C．and D．unless 11. A．letters B．messages C．emails D．opinions 12. A．writing B．speaking C．reading D．listening 13. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 14. A．louder B．angrier C．closer D．luckier 15. A．keep B．remember C．choose D．share 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己使用视频电话与远方的兄弟保持联系并从中受益的成长故事，说明科技对人际关系的积极影响，强调合理使用科技的重要性。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说并非如此。A. true真的，如实的；B. important重要的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. special特别的。根据上文“Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time.”以及下文作者讲述科技给自己带来的好处可知，别人认为科技不好，占用了他们太多的时间，但这对作者来说这种说法不符合事实，即作者不这样认为。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我的哥哥们在上大学，我经常感到孤独。A. sea海洋；B. college大学；C. work工作；D. home家。根据下文“I can see how their colleges ___5___ and what they are doing in their free time.”可知，作者感到孤独，应该是哥哥们在上大学。故选B项。 3. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：多亏了科技，我能够通过视频通话看到他们并和他们交谈。A. by通过；B. for为了；C. of关于，属于；D. from从。根据下文的“using video calls”可知，通过视频通话作者能够看到哥哥们并和他们交谈。故选A项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，如果他们碰巧在旁边，我甚至和他们的朋友聊天。A. ask问；B. want想要；C. offer提供；D. happen发生。根据上文的“Sometimes, I even chat with their friends”可知，此处指哥哥们的朋友碰巧在旁边时，作者会和他们聊天，happen to do sth. 意为 “碰巧做某事”。故选D项。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我能看到他们的大学是什么样子以及他们在空闲时间做什么。A. look at看；B. look out小心；C. look like看起来像；D. look up查阅。根据上文的“My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet.”可知，作者和哥哥们都有网上的朋友，结合“how their colleges”以及下文的“and what they are doing in their free time.”可知，此处指通过网路可以了解他们大学看起来是什么样子以及他们在空闲时做什么。故选C项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：和他们在家的时候相比，我对我的哥哥们了解得更多。A. competed竞争；B. compared比较；C. agreed同意；D. provided提供。根据语境和上文的“I learn much more about my brothers”可知，此处指的是通过网络，对哥哥们了解的更多，由此可知，此处指的是和哥哥们在家的时候作比较，compared with 意为“和……相比”。故选B项。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：其中一个擅长拍照，而另一个只是喜欢被拍。A. just只是；B. luckily幸运地；C. carefully仔细地；D. suddenly突然地。根据上文的“One of them is good at taking photos”以及while可知，while前后为对比关系，所以此处指的是一个擅长拍照，另一个“只是”喜欢被拍。故选A项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们为我们三个人建了一个聊天群。A. served服务；B. bought买；C. made制作，建造；D. found发现。根据空后“a chat group just for the three of us”以及下文“I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”可知，作者经常给他们发信息，他们可以给他回复，由此可知，此处指的是建了一个聊天群。故选C项。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我经常给他们发信息，只要他们有空就会回复我。A. available有空的；B. upset沮丧的；C. necessary必要的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据上文的“they’ll answer”可知，此处指的是只要哥哥们有空就会回复信息。故选A项。 10. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我经常和他们分享我的问题，并且他们经常给我一些建议。A. after在……之后；B. if如果；C. and并且；D. unless除非。根据上文的“I often share my problems with them”以及下文的“they often give me some advice”句意可知，前后是并列关系，用and连接。故选C项。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还告诉我，我应该一直用流利的英语写作，否则他们不会回复我的信息。A. letters信件；B. messages信息；C. emails电子邮件；D. opinions意见，观点。根据上文“I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”可知，作者经常哥哥们发信息，而他们有空就给作者恢复，结合“They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply”可知，此处指的是哥哥们对作者提出要求：如果不用流利的英语写作，就不会回复作者信息。故选B项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写了很多，甚至我的老师都注意到我的写作能力提高了。A. writing写作；B. speaking说话；C. reading阅读；D. listening听。根据上文“They also tell me that I should always write in good English”可知，此处指的是写作能力提高了。故选A项。 13. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：总之，我认为科技没有什么错。A. something某事；B. anything任何事；C. everything每件事；D. nothing没有什么。根据语境和上文“With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want.”可知，作者讲述科技给自己带来的好处，由此可知，作者认为科技没有什么错，I don’t think that为否定迁移，表示“没有什么错”，否定句中用anything，not...anything wrong = nothing wrong。故选B项。 14. 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：对我和我的哥哥们来说，科技让我们更亲近。A. louder更大声的；B. angrier更生气的；C. closer更近的；D. luckier更幸运的。根据上文“With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They ___8___ a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are ___9___ .”以及“I learn much more about my brothers”可知，作者通过科技和哥哥们保持联系，分享问题和生活，彼此了解更多，科技让他们更亲近。故选C项。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们也能更好地分享我们生活中发生的事情。A. keep保持；B. remember记得；C. choose选择；D. share分享。根据上文“I can see how their colleges ___5___ and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers ___6___ with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other ___7___ loves to be taken.”作者和哥哥们通过聊天群交流，分享问题等可知，是更好地分享生活中发生的事情。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海·期末）Along with technological development, traditional teaching methods have been challenged by various technologically enhanced teaching and learning methods. This trend has received 1 reactions. On one hand, it is 2 that these new technologies will replace teachers altogether. On the other hand, the 3 of technology can also be over-optimistic that it will solve all the problems of learning. A recent Finnish-Swiss-Belgian study provides new information about the 4 role of the teacher in technology-supported learning environments. According to the research findings, the use of technology changes the role of the teacher from a traditional knowledge provider rather into a facilitator guiding the students’ learning process and 5 joint problem-solving with the students. In addition, technology offers a range of new types of learning 6 . “With the help of tablets and smartphones, new ways have been discovered which support the 7 between education and the world of work. 8 , videos recorded at the workplace can be used as a learning resource at school, ” says professor Raija Hamalainen from the Finnish Institute for Educational Research. According to Hamalainen, smartphones also open up new possibilities for such pedagogical (教学法的) practices where students have a more 9 role than before. “With smartphones the students can, for instance, write scripts and make videos that illustrate the matters to be 10 .” However, 11 use of devices is also a challenge. At its best, successful use of technology provides opportunities for more 12 learning and teaching. This, of course, causes a challenge for teachers’ professional development and teacher 13 . “From the viewpoint of the development of future learning environments, it is essential how well we teachers will 14 using new technologies, such as tablets, smartphones, and games to support learning,” Hamalainen says. The target group of the study consisted of first-and second-year vocational school students and their teachers from different fields. The main focus of the study was on the interaction between the teacher and students in various 15 learning environments. 1. A．mixed B．optimistic C．indifferent D．hesitant 2. A．clear B．surprising C．feared D．regretful 3. A．forecasts B．expectations C．contributions D．estimates 4. A．progressing B．deciding C．amazing D．changing 5. A．putting forward B．bringing out C．engaging in D．looking after 6. A．possibilities B．habits C．styles D．objectives 7. A．difference B．cooperation C．communication D．division 8. A．For example B．As a result C．On the contrary D．In other words 9. A．occupied B．practical C．positive D．active 10. A．improved B．spread C．produced D．learnt 11. A．simple B．varied C．fixed D．negative 12. A．sensitive B．competitive C．interactive D．respective 13. A．shortage B．training C．union D．awareness 14. A．succeed in B．admit to C．connect with D．contribute to 15. A．problem-solving B．use-friendly C．technology-supported D．newly-developed 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项芬兰-瑞士-比利时的研究，指出技术改变了教师的角色，从知识提供者变为学习过程的引导者，并探讨了技术对职业教育和学生参与方式的影响。研究强调教师需适应新技术以支持学习。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种趋势已经引起了各种各样的反应。A. mixed各种各样的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. indifferent漠不关心的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据下文“On one hand, it is”和“On the other hand, the”可知，人们对于新技术的反应是各种各样的。故选A。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一方面，人们担心这些新技术会完全取代教师。A. clear清晰的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. feared担心的；D. regretful后悔的。根据下文“these new technologies will replace teachers altogether”可知，这些新技术将完全取代教师，这是使人担心的。故选C。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，对技术的期望也可能过于乐观，认为它能解决所有学习问题。A. forecasts预测；B. expectations期望；C. contributions贡献；D. estimates估计。根据下文“that it will solve all the problems of learning”可知，人们认为技术将解决学习中的所有问题，这是人们对技术的期望。故选B。 4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近一项芬兰、瑞士和比利时的联合研究提供了关于技术支持的学习环境中教师不断变化的角色的新信息。A. progressing进步的；B. deciding决定性的；C. amazing令人惊讶的；D. changing变化的。根据下文“the use of technology changes the role of the teacher”可知，技术改变了教师的角色，所以这里是说技术支持学习环境中教师角色是不断变化的。故选D。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据研究结果，技术的使用改变了教师的角色，从传统的知识提供者转变为引导学生学习过程和与学生一起解决问题的促进者。A. putting forward提出；B. bringing out出版；C. engaging in参与；D. looking after照顾。根据下文“joint problem-solving with the students”可知，教师与学生一起解决问题，所以是参与。故选C。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，技术提供了一系列新的学习可能性。A. possibilities可能性；B. habits习惯；C. styles风格；D. objectives目标。根据下文“With the help of tablets and smartphones, new ways have been discovered”可知，技术提供了新的学习方式，所以这里是说学习的可能性。故选A。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在平板电脑和智能手机的帮助下，人们发现了支持教育与工作世界之间合作的新方法。A. difference差异；B. cooperation合作；C. communication沟通；D. division划分。根据上文“In addition, technology offers a range of new types of learning 6 . “With the help of tablets and smartphones, new ways have been discovered which support”和下文“videos recorded at the workplace can be used as a learning resource at school”可知，技术提供了一系列新的学习可能性，工作中的视频可以作为学校的学习资源，所以这里是说教育与工作世界之间的合作，此处强调的两者相互协作的关系。故选B。 8. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在工作场所录制的视频可以作为学校的学习资源。A. For example例如；B. As a result结果；C. On the contrary相反；D. In other words换句话说。根据下文“videos recorded at the workplace can be used as a learning resource at school”可知，这里是在举例说明。故选A。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据哈马莱宁说，智能手机也为这种教学实践开辟了新的可能性，让学生比以前发挥更积极的作用。A. occupied被占领的；B. practical实际的；C. positive积极乐观的；D. active积极活跃的。根据下文“With smartphones the students can, for instance, write scripts and make videos”可知，学生可以使用智能手机写剧本和制作视频，所以学生的角色比以前更积极活跃了。故选D。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，有了智能手机，学生们可以编写剧本并制作视频来说明要学习的内容。A. improved改进；B. spread传播；C. produced制作；D. learnt学习。根据上文“smartphones also open up new possibilities for such pedagogical (教学法的) practices”和“With smartphones the students can, for instance, write scripts and make videos that illustrate the matters to be”可知，智能手机也为教学实践开辟了新的可能性，通过编写剧本和制作视频来辅助学习。故选D。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，设备的不同使用也是一个挑战。A. simple简单的；B. varied不同的；C. fixed固定的；D. negative负面的。根据下文“At its best, successful use of technology provides opportunities for more”可知，在最好的情况下，技术的成功使用提供了更多的机会，因此，这里强调设备使用的不同情况带来的挑战。故选B。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最好的情况下，技术的成功使用为更多互动的学习和教学提供了机会。A. sensitive敏感的；B. competitive竞争的；C. interactive互动的；D. respective分别的。根据上文“At its best, successful use of technology provides opportunities for more”和下文“learning and teaching”可知，技术的使用是一个挑战，但如果成功使用，就会为互动的学习和教学提供机会。故选C。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，这对教师的专业发展和教师培训提出了挑战。A. shortage短缺；B. training培训；C. union联合；D. awareness意识。根据上文“This, of course, causes a challenge for teachers’ professional development”可知，这对教师的专业发展提出了挑战，所以这里是说教师培训。故选B。 14. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“从未来学习环境发展的角度来看，我们教师如何成功地使用平板电脑、智能手机和游戏等新技术来支持学习是非常重要的，”哈马莱宁说。A. succeed in成功；B. admit to承认；C. connect with连接；D. contribute to有助于。根据上文“This, of course, causes a challenge for teachers’ professional development and teacher 13 ”可知，这对教师的专业发展和教师培训提出了挑战，所以这里是说如何成功使用新技术。故选A。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究的主要重点是教师和学生在各种技术支持的学习环境中的互动。A. problem-solving解决问题的；B. use-friendly方便用户的；C. technology-supported技术支持的；D. newly-developed新开发的。根据上文“A recent Finnish-Swiss-Belgian study provides new information about the 4 role of the teacher in technology-supported learning environments.”可知，这里是说技术支持学习环境中的教师互动。故选C。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・云南・期中・改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our school library has recently undergone a big renovation. The old reading room 1.______ (replace) by a modern learning center with new furniture. Many new computers 2.______ (install) in the digital area, and students can now access online resources easily. All the books 3.______ (organize) by subject, which makes it easier to find what we need. A new study corner 4.______ (set up) on the second floor last month. There, students can work together on group projects. The walls 5.______ (paint) light blue to create a calm atmosphere. 6.______ renovation has also brought some new rules: eating and drinking are now not allowed inside the library. Since the changes, more students 7.______ (visit) the library every day. "I love 8.______ new facilities here. It's much more comfortable than before," said one student. Our school hopes that the library 9.______ (become) a better place for students to study and relax. This renovation shows that our school cares about 10.______ (we) learning environment. We should all take good care of these new facilities. 【答案】 1. has been replaced 2. have been installed 3. have been organized 4. was set up 5. have been painted 6. The 7. have visited 8. the 9. will become 10. our 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学校图书馆近期的翻新情况以及带来的变化。 1. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：旧阅览室已被一个带有新家具的现代化学习中心所取代。根据语境，“替换” 这一动作已完成且对现在有影响，the old reading room 与 replace 为被动关系，主语为单数，故填 has been replaced。 2. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：数字区域安装了许多新电脑，学生们现在可以轻松访问在线资源。“安装电脑” 的动作已完成且影响现在，computers 与 install 为被动关系，主语为复数，故填 have been installed。 3. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：所有的书都按科目分类了，这使我们更容易找到需要的东西。“整理书籍” 的动作已完成，books 与 organize 为被动关系，主语为复数，故填 have been organized。 4. 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：上个月二楼设立了一个新的学习角。根据时间状语 “last month” 可知，动作发生在过去，study corner 与 set up 为被动关系，主语为单数，故填 was set up。 5. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：墙壁被漆成了浅蓝色，营造出一种平静的氛围。“粉刷墙壁” 的动作已完成且影响现在，walls 与 paint 为被动关系，主语为复数，故填 have been painted。 6. 考查冠词。句意：这次翻新还带来了一些新规定：图书馆内现在不允许吃喝。此处特指上文提到的图书馆翻新，用定冠词 The，句首首字母大写，故填 The。 7. 考查现在完成时。句意：自从这些变化以来，每天有更多的学生参观图书馆。根据 “Since the changes” 可知，动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语为复数，故填 have visited。 8. 考查冠词。句意：“我喜欢这里的新设施。这里比以前舒服多了。” 一名学生说。此处特指图书馆的新设施，用定冠词 the，故填 the。 9. 考查一般将来时。句意：我们学校希望图书馆能成为学生们学习和放松的更好地方。根据语境，“成为更好的地方” 是未来的期望，用一般将来时，故填 will become。 10. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这次翻新表明我们学校关心我们的学习环境。空后为名词短语 learning environment，需用形容词性物主代词 our 修饰，故填 our。 Passage 2 （24-25 高一下・广东・期中・改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese-owned video platform, TikTok, is the fastest growing news source for UK adults, according to a survey. TikTok 1 (use) by 7% of adults for news, according to the UK’s communications watchdog, up from 1% in 2020. The 2 (grow) is primarily driven by young users, with half of its news followers 3 (age)16 to 24. “Teenagers today are 4 (increasing) unlikely to pick up a newspaper or turn to TV news, instead preferring 5 (keep) up to date by scrolling through their social feeds,” said Yih-Choung Teh. “And 6 youngsters find news on social media less reliable, they rate these services more highly for serving up a range of 7 (opinion) on topical stories.” Nic Newman said the institute’s research 8 (indicate) TikTok wasn’t used as a platform for serious current affairs. “But they see it as 9 good place to get celebrity news. They’ll use TikTok with traditional news when big events 10 (report) like the Ukraine war,” he added. 【答案】 1. has been used 2. growth 3. aged 4. increasingly 5. to keep 6. while/although/though 7. opinions 8. indicated 9. a 10. are reported 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 TikTok 在英国成为成年人快速增长的新闻来源，以及其在年轻人中的使用特点。 1. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：英国通讯监管机构称，7% 的成年人使用 TikTok 获取新闻，高于 2020 年的 1%。根据语境，“使用” 这一动作从过去持续到现在且有变化，TikTok 与 use 为被动关系，主语为单数，故填 has been used。 2. 考查名词。句意：这种增长主要由年轻用户推动，其一半的新闻关注者年龄在 16 至 24 岁之间。此处需用名词作主语，grow 的名词形式为 growth（不可数），故填 growth。 3. 考查形容词。句意：这种增长主要由年轻用户推动，其一半的新闻关注者年龄在 16 至 24 岁之间。形容词 aged 修饰 followers，表 “…… 岁的”，故填 aged。 4. 考查副词。句意：“如今的青少年越来越不可能拿起报纸或收看电视新闻，反而更喜欢通过滚动社交媒体信息流来了解最新动态。”Yih-Choung Teh 说。副词 increasingly 修饰形容词 unlikely，表 “越来越……”，故填 increasingly。 5. 考查动词不定式。句意：“如今的青少年越来越不可能拿起报纸或收看电视新闻，反而更喜欢通过滚动社交媒体信息流来了解最新动态。”Yih-Choung Teh 说。prefer to do sth. 为固定搭配，故填 to keep。 6. 考查状语从句。句意：虽然年轻人认为社交媒体上的新闻不太可靠，但他们对这些服务评价很高，因为它们提供了各种热门话题的观点。此处表让步，用 while/although/though 引导从句，故填 while/although/though。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：虽然年轻人认为社交媒体上的新闻不太可靠，但他们对这些服务评价很高，因为它们提供了各种热门话题的观点。a range of 后接可数名词复数，opinion 的复数为 opinions，故填 opinions。 8. 考查动词时态。句意：Nic Newman 表示，该研究所的研究表明，TikTok 并未被用作严肃时事的平台。主句谓语为 said，宾语从句用一般过去时，故填 indicated。 9. 考查冠词。句意：但他们认为这是一个获取名人新闻的好地方。place 为可数名词单数，表泛指，good 以辅音音素开头，用 a，故填 a。 10. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：当像乌克兰战争这样的重大事件被报道时，他们会结合传统新闻和 TikTok 使用。events 与 report 为被动关系，此处表客观情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填 are reported。 Passage 3 （24-25 高一下・湖北武汉・期中・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What makes something a sport? Traditional definition usually includes some physical activities, 1 show athletic ability or strength. But some sports can be mental contests. For instance, chess 2 (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. Now, some people consider e-sports should also be sports. E-sports has become one of the most rapidly growing markets in the gaming industry. The word e-sports is short for electronic sports. It is a form 3 contest in which professional players or gamers play video games either in teams 4 in person. 5 (usual), those who win the 6 (compete) will receive prize money. The first e-sports event was held by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game SpaceWar! In the next 30 years, an increasing number of countries started to develop e-sports into an industry. In the 2000s, television broadcasts of the games became popular, and many tournaments 7 (cover) live. In the 2010s, thanks to online streaming services, e-sports grew rapidly with more worldwide championships, more viewers and larger prizes. By 2020, the industry 8 (make) more than $1 billion for the first time. Today, e-sports 9 (accept) by more and more people. Some even think it 10 (include) in the Olympic Games in the future. 【答案】 1. which 2. was recognized 3. of 4. or 5. Usually 6. competition 7. have been covered 8. had made 9. has been accepted 10. will be included 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电子竞技的发展历程及其逐渐被认可的趋势。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：传统定义通常包括一些展示运动能力或力量的体育活动。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 physical activities，指事物，关系词在从句中作主语，用 which 引导，故填 which。 2. 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：例如，国际象棋在 1999 年被国际奥委会承认为一项运动。根据时间状语 “in 1999” 可知，动作发生在过去，chess 与 recognize 为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，故填 was recognized。 3. 考查介词。句意：这是一种比赛形式，职业玩家或游戏玩家以团队或个人形式玩电子游戏。固定搭配 a form of 意为 “一种…… 的形式”，故填 of。 4. 考查连词。句意：这是一种比赛形式，职业玩家或游戏玩家以团队或个人形式玩电子游戏。固定搭配 either…or… 意为 “要么…… 要么……”，故填 or。 5. 考查副词。句意：通常，赢得比赛的人会获得奖金。副词 Usually 修饰整个句子，句首首字母大写，故填 Usually。 6. 考查名词。句意：通常，赢得比赛的人会获得奖金。空处作宾语，需用 compete 的名词形式 competition（此处表特指，用单数），故填 competition。 7. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：21 世纪初，游戏的电视转播开始流行，许多锦标赛都进行了现场直播。根据语境，“直播锦标赛” 这一动作从过去持续到现在，tournaments 与 cover 为被动关系，主语为复数，故填 have been covered。 8. 考查过去完成时。句意：到 2020 年，该行业首次创收超过 10 亿美元。根据时间状语 “By 2020” 可知，动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填 had made。 9. 考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：如今，电子竞技已被越来越多的人接受。根据 “Today” 可知，动作从过去持续到现在，e-sports 与 accept 为被动关系，主语为单数，故填 has been accepted。 10. 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：有些人甚至认为它未来会被纳入奥运会。根据 “in the future” 可知，用一般将来时，it 与 include 为被动关系，故填 will be included。 26 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元核心语法·精练 必修二 Unit 3 The Internet （现在完成时的被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、现在完成时被动语态的构成及句式 用法介绍 现在完成时的被动语态表示过去发生的被动动作对现在造成的影响，或从过去持续到现在的被动状态，基本结构为 “have/has + been + 过去分词”。 类型 结构公式 示例 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词 + 其他 The work has been finished.（工作已经被完成了。） These books have been borrowed by the students.（这些书已经被学生借走了。） 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter has not been sent yet.（这封信还没有被寄出。） 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 其他？ Have the windows been cleaned?（窗户已经被擦了吗？） 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 其他？ How many trees have been planted this year?（今年已经种了多少棵树？） 注意事项 1. 助动词不可省略：“have/has” 和 “been” 是构成该时态的核心助动词，缺一不可（错误：The task has finished. 正确：The task has been finished. 前者缺少被动标志 “been”）。 2. 动词短语的完整性：“动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词（如 look after, put off）用于被动语态时，介词 / 副词不可省略（如 The children have been looked after well. 不可省略 after）。 3. 时间状语的搭配：可与 already（肯定句）、yet（否定 / 疑问句）、so far、by now 等连用（如 The project has been completed so far.），但不可与具体过去时间（如 yesterday）连用。 二、现在完成时被动语态的用法场景 用法介绍 该时态主要用于强调被动动作与现在的关联，包括动作的完成结果、持续状态或对将来的影响。 用法场景 说明 示例 过去被动动作对现在的影响 动作已完成，结果仍存在 My bike has been repaired，so I can ride it today.（我的自行车已经被修好，所以今天能骑了。） 从过去持续到现在的被动状态 与 for/since 连用，表动作持续的时间 This bridge has been used for over 50 years.（这座桥已经被使用了 50 多年。） 时间 / 条件从句中表将来完成的被动动作 替代将来完成时被动语态，强调对将来的影响 I will go home when my homework has been done.（作业做完后我就回家。） 注意事项 1. 非延续性动词的限制：finish、buy、marry 等非延续性动词的被动语态不可与表一段时间的状语（for/since）连用（错误：The book has been bought for a week. 正确：The book has been kept for a week. 需转换为延续性动词）。 2. 双宾语的被动转换：带双宾语的动词（如 give、teach）被动语态中，可将间接宾语变为主语，或直接宾语变为主语（需加介词 to/for）（如 He was given a gift. = A gift was given to him.）。 3. 与一般过去时被动语态的区别：前者强调与现在的联系（如 The door has been locked. 暗示 “现在门是锁着的”）；后者仅表过去的动作（如 The door was locked yesterday. 与现在状态无关）。 三、现在完成时被动语态的特殊注意点 用法介绍 该时态在复合宾语、主谓一致等场景中需遵循特定规则，避免常见错误。 特殊场景 规则说明 示例 复合宾语的被动转换 原宾补变为主补，省略 to 的不定式需还原 to They saw her sing. → She was seen to sing.（有人看见她唱歌。） 主谓一致 谓语动词与主语保持一致，与过去分词无关 The trees have been planted.（复数主语用 have） This tree has been planted.（单数主语用 has） 不确定时间状语的使用 可与 just、recently、in the past few years 等连用 She has been praised recently for her work.（她最近因工作被表扬了。） 注意事项 1. 复合宾语的还原：感官动词（see、hear）或使役动词（make、let）后省略 to 的不定式作宾补时，被动语态中需还原 to（错误：He was made work hard. 正确：He was made to work hard.）。 2. 避免时态混淆：不可误用于表纯粹过去的被动动作（如错误：The Great Wall has been built thousands of years ago. 正确：The Great Wall was built thousands of years ago.）。 3. 延续性转换技巧：非延续性动词需转换为对应的延续性动词（如 “borrow”→“keep”、“die”→“be dead”）才能与表一段时间的状语连用。 一、单句语法填空 1．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末）A community, which was made up of experts from different countries, (establish) to limit damage to the temple. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（24-25高一上·湖南衡阳·期末）He was (permit) to practice the piano no more than one hour a day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．（23-24高一上·福建莆田·期末）Thirty miners (trap) in the mine after yesterday’s explosion.（所给词的适当形式填空） 4．（24-25高一上·宁夏银川·期末）This company was (found) in 1990. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．（23-24高一上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）So far, 400 million yuan (collect) for Project Hope. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．（23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）As a father, nothing has made him more proud than the fact that three of his four children (admit) into Peking University. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．（24-25高一上·甘肃兰州·期末）It is not the first time that immense amounts of state-of-art teaching equipment (deliver) to poor regions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．（24-25高一上·北京西城·期末）Up until now, all the old machines (replace) with new ones. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末）The whole village, including yards and streets, (plant) with diverse flowers since spring, and new ones will be added to make it more beautiful. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．（24-25高一上·江苏南京·期末）Quantities of money (raıse) for disaster relief since the earthquake struck. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末）He (forgive) for missing the meeting yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．（23-24高一上·吉林长春·期末）So far, all possible means (try) to prevent the animals from dying out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．（23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）Since 200 B．C．, Goji berries (use) in traditional Chinese medicine. （所给词的适当形式填空） 14．（23-24高一上·上海青浦·期末）Wildcats are the UK’s rarest native mammal and (hunt) to extinction in most parts of Britain for their thick hair in the past decades. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．（24-25高一上·吉林长春·期末）All possible means (attempt) to save the poor boy up to now, but he is still in danger. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子：根据句意和所给的汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. （24-25 高一上・天津和平・期中・改编）Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books ________（提供） to the area from all over the globe since the earthquake occurred in Turkey. 2. （24-25 高一上・广东广州・期中・改编）In the UK, when having dinner with your friends, you have to wait until everyone else ________（招待） before you start eating. 3. （23-24 高一上・广东江门・期中・改编）People are eager to find Kate, the lost girl. She was last ________（看见） playing in the park. 4. （24-25 高一上・陕西汉中・期中・改编）—Have you seen the movie Titanic? —Yes. It’s well worth _______（看）. It’s so _______（感人的） that I was deeply _______（打动） by the story. 5. （24-25 高一上・天津・期中・改编）Up to now, a large number of high-rise buildings ______（建造） in our city, making it different from what it was ten years ago. 6. （24-25 高一上・上海浦东新・期中・改编）With the advancement of biotechnology, various kinds of genetically-modified food ________（使…… 可获得） available to the general public at reasonable prices. 7. （24-25 高一上・天津滨海新・期中・改编）—Hey! A message on my cellphone shows that I have won a big prize! — Delete it! Many people ________（欺骗） by such tricks so far. 8. （24-25 高一上・广东广州・期中・改编）He has told me that he will fly to Beijing for a holiday next Sunday if his paper ________（完成） by that time. 9. （24-25 高一上・广东深圳・期中・改编）To make public transportation more efficient and environmentally friendly, several improvements ________（做出） by the city planners in recent years. 10. （24-25 高一上・广东梅州・期中・改编）So far, much _________（写） about the wonders of the World Wide Web. 11. （24-25 高一上・上海・期中・改编）Scott’s expedition ____________（使…… 生动） to life by the interesting things inside the hut such as wooden skis, penguins’ eggs and biscuits. 12. （23-24 高一上・广东深圳・期中・改编）The old man was very happy when he ______（包围） by the lovely kids. 13. （23-24 高一上・陕西西安・期中・改编）Some of the rescue workers and doctors______（困住） in the ruins. 14. （22-23 高一上・广东深圳・期中・改编）The Xi’an City Wall ____（建造） originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. 15. （23-24 高一上・天津・期中・改编）A brief history of time, written by the great physicist Stephen Hawking, ______（出版） in 1988 and has been translated into more than 40 languages ever since. 三、完形填空 Passage 1 （23-24高一上·陕西西安·期末）Social networking is a tool used by people all around the world. Its 1 is to promote and aid communication. 2 this type of technology might he doing more harm than good. On these networking sites, users 3 post pictures of themselves and their friends. Teenagers, however, use this new technology in a way that could be 4 . In this stage of their lives, they always 5 to impress their peers (同龄人). Teenagers attract attention through the interesting pictures they 6 . In order to get the results they want, they try to get a reaction from controversial (引起争论的) 7 of themselves. These adolescents needing to be “cool” lead to lots of young girls and boys attempting to 8 one another by showing themselves drinking, smoking and partying. With so many teens using social networking, it has become easier to 9 one another. Cyber bullying (欺凌) is a form of bullying that is only done through the web. Bullying is 10 to deal with in person, but the situation is even severer over the Internet. When 11 comments are posted on a person’s page, anyone can see them, including the victims (受害者). However, on the networks no one is there to 12 the attack. This makes it harder for a 13 to find the attacker. With the constant use of these social technologies, fewer people are communicating in person. Many people are becoming 14 due to the lack of personal communication. What’s more, without person-to-person communication we will lose our language skills and have trouble speaking in public. Social networking aids long-distance communication greatly but there must be a stopping point. It of cannot become our main 15 communication. 1. A．challenge B．feature C．purpose D．solution 2. A．Therefore B．However C．Moreover D．Instead 3. A．normally B．quickly C．repeatedly D．slowly 4. A．boring B．useless C．dangerous D．strange 5. A．manage B．pretend C．want D．agree 6. A．draw B．post C．take D．collect 7. A．conclusion B．images C．pressure D．stories 8. A．frighten B．support C．influence D．impress 9. A．cheat B．attack C．bother D．rob 10. A．difficult B．common C．direct D．possible 11. A．true B．meaningful C．stupid D．rude 12. A．witness B．cause C．prevent D．suffer 13. A．user B．victim C．teenager D．parent 14. A．lonelier B．quieter C．weaker D．lazier 15. A．form B．system C．rule D．task Passage 2 （24-25高一上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）Some people say they are unhappy about technology (科技) because it takes up too much of their time. This isn’t 1 for me. Let me tell you why. I’m the youngest in the family. Because my brothers are away at 2 , I often feel lonely. Thanks to technology, I’m able to see and talk to them 3 using video calls. Sometimes, I even chat with their friends if they 4 to be around. My brothers and I are also friends on the Internet. I can see how their colleges 5 and what they are doing in their free time. I learn much more about my brothers 6 with the time when they were at home. One of them is good at taking photos, while the other 7 loves to be taken. With technology, I can communicate with my brothers anytime I want. They 8 a chat group just for the three of us. I often send messages to them, and they’ll answer whenever they are 9 . I often share my problems with them 10 they often give me some advice. They also tell me that I should always write in good English, or they won’t reply to my 11 . I have been writing so much that even my teachers notice that my 12 has improved. In a word, I don’t think that technology has 13 wrong. For my brothers and I, technology has brought us 14 . Now we communicate much more every day. We can also 15 what is happening in our lives better. Can technology bring us good or bad? It is up to how we use it. 1. A．true B．important C．fresh D．special 2. A．sea B．college C．work D．home 3. A．by B．for C．of D．from 4. A．ask B．want C．offer D．happen 5. A．look at B．look out C．look like D．look up 6. A．competed B．compared C．agreed D．provided 7. A．just B．luckily C．carefully D．suddenly 8. A．served B．bought C．made D．found 9. A．available B．upset C．necessary D．comfortable 10. A．after B．if C．and D．unless 11. A．letters B．messages C．emails D．opinions 12. A．writing B．speaking C．reading D．listening 13. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 14. A．louder B．angrier C．closer D．luckier 15. A．keep B．remember C．choose D．share Passage 3 （24-25高一上·上海·期末）Along with technological development, traditional teaching methods have been challenged by various technologically enhanced teaching and learning methods. This trend has received 1 reactions. On one hand, it is 2 that these new technologies will replace teachers altogether. On the other hand, the 3 of technology can also be over-optimistic that it will solve all the problems of learning. A recent Finnish-Swiss-Belgian study provides new information about the 4 role of the teacher in technology-supported learning environments. According to the research findings, the use of technology changes the role of the teacher from a traditional knowledge provider rather into a facilitator guiding the students’ learning process and 5 joint problem-solving with the students. In addition, technology offers a range of new types of learning 6 . “With the help of tablets and smartphones, new ways have been discovered which support the 7 between education and the world of work. 8 , videos recorded at the workplace can be used as a learning resource at school, ” says professor Raija Hamalainen from the Finnish Institute for Educational Research. According to Hamalainen, smartphones also open up new possibilities for such pedagogical (教学法的) practices where students have a more 9 role than before. “With smartphones the students can, for instance, write scripts and make videos that illustrate the matters to be 10 .” However, 11 use of devices is also a challenge. At its best, successful use of technology provides opportunities for more 12 learning and teaching. This, of course, causes a challenge for teachers’ professional development and teacher 13 . “From the viewpoint of the development of future learning environments, it is essential how well we teachers will 14 using new technologies, such as tablets, smartphones, and games to support learning,” Hamalainen says. The target group of the study consisted of first-and second-year vocational school students and their teachers from different fields. The main focus of the study was on the interaction between the teacher and students in various 15 learning environments. 1. A．mixed B．optimistic C．indifferent D．hesitant 2. A．clear B．surprising C．feared D．regretful 3. A．forecasts B．expectations C．contributions D．estimates 4. A．progressing B．deciding C．amazing D．changing 5. A．putting forward B．bringing out C．engaging in D．looking after 6. A．possibilities B．habits C．styles D．objectives 7. A．difference B．cooperation C．communication D．division 8. A．For example B．As a result C．On the contrary D．In other words 9. A．occupied B．practical C．positive D．active 10. A．improved B．spread C．produced D．learnt 11. A．simple B．varied C．fixed D．negative 12. A．sensitive B．competitive C．interactive D．respective 13. A．shortage B．training C．union D．awareness 14. A．succeed in B．admit to C．connect with D．contribute to 15. A．problem-solving B．use-friendly C．technology-supported D．newly-developed 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （23-24 高一上・云南・期中・改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our school library has recently undergone a big renovation. The old reading room 1.______ (replace) by a modern learning center with new furniture. Many new computers 2.______ (install) in the digital area, and students can now access online resources easily. All the books 3.______ (organize) by subject, which makes it easier to find what we need. A new study corner 4.______ (set up) on the second floor last month. There, students can work together on group projects. The walls 5.______ (paint) light blue to create a calm atmosphere. 6.______ renovation has also brought some new rules: eating and drinking are now not allowed inside the library. Since the changes, more students 7.______ (visit) the library every day. "I love 8.______ new facilities here. It's much more comfortable than before," said one student. Our school hopes that the library 9.______ (become) a better place for students to study and relax. This renovation shows that our school cares about 10.______ (we) learning environment. We should all take good care of these new facilities. Passage 2 （24-25 高一下・广东・期中・改编）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese-owned video platform, TikTok, is the fastest growing news source for UK adults, according to a survey. TikTok 1 (use) by 7% of adults for news, according to the UK’s communications watchdog, up from 1% in 2020. The 2 (grow) is primarily driven by young users, with half of its news followers 3 (age)16 to 24. “Teenagers today are 4 (increasing) unlikely to pick up a newspaper or turn to TV news, instead preferring 5 (keep) up to date by scrolling through their social feeds,” said Yih-Choung Teh. “And 6 youngsters find news on social media less reliable, they rate these services more highly for serving up a range of 7 (opinion) on topical stories.” Nic Newman said the institute’s research 8 (indicate) TikTok wasn’t used as a platform for serious current affairs. “But they see it as 9 good place to get celebrity news. They’ll use TikTok with traditional news when big events 10 (report) like the Ukraine war,” he added. Passage 3 （24-25 高一下・湖北武汉・期中・改编）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What makes something a sport? Traditional definition usually includes some physical activities, 1 show athletic ability or strength. But some sports can be mental contests. For instance, chess 2 (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. Now, some people consider e-sports should also be sports. E-sports has become one of the most rapidly growing markets in the gaming industry. The word e-sports is short for electronic sports. It is a form 3 contest in which professional players or gamers play video games either in teams 4 in person. 5 (usual), those who win the 6 (compete) will receive prize money. The first e-sports event was held by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game SpaceWar! In the next 30 years, an increasing number of countries started to develop e-sports into an industry. In the 2000s, television broadcasts of the games became popular, and many tournaments 7 (cover) live. In the 2010s, thanks to online streaming services, e-sports grew rapidly with more worldwide championships, more viewers and larger prizes. By 2020, the industry 8 (make) more than $1 billion for the first time. Today, e-sports 9 (accept) by more and more people. Some even think it 10 (include) in the Olympic Games in the future. 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$