Unit 2 Sports culture（知识清单）英语译林版2020选择性必修第二册

Unit 2 Sports culture 单词 1. solidarity n. 团结，齐心协力 2. participate vi. 参与，参加→participation n. 参加，参与→participant n. 参与者 3. compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争→competition n. 竞争；比赛→competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n. 竞争者 4. racial adj. 种族的；种族间的 5. diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的→diversity n. 多样性；多种多样 6. joint adj. 联合的，共同的 n. 关节；接合处 7. motivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因→motivation n. 动力；诱因；干劲 8. motto n. (pl. mottoes, mottos)格言，座右铭 9. boundary n. 边界，分界线 10. demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威→demonstration n. 表现，表达；证实，证明；示范，演示；游行示威 11. afterwards (also afterward) adv. 以后，后来 12. proceed vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 13. flame n. 火焰，火舌 14. applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌→applause n. 鼓掌 15. track and field 田径运动 16. consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的 17. humanity n. 人类；人性；人道 18. rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 19. trend n. 趋势，趋向 20. hurdle n. (pl. hurdles)跨栏赛；栏架；障碍 21. advent n. (重要事件、人物等的)到来，出现 22. election n. 选举，推选；当选→elect vt. 选举；推选 23. advent n. (重要事件、人物等的)到来，出现 24. faith n. 信任；信心；信念；宗教信仰→faithful adj. 忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv. 忠实地 25. ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→ambitious adj. 有志气的，有野心的 26. ascend vi. & vt. 上升，升高，登高 27. identical adj. 完全同样的 28. fellow adj. 同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n. 同辈，同类；男人，家伙 29. relay n. 接力赛 vt. 转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播 30. chest n. 胸部；大箱子 31. cheek n. 面颊，脸颊 32. half-marathon n. 半程马拉松赛跑 33. ankle n. 踝，踝关节 34. gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 35. session n. 一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年 36. limit n. 限度，限制；限额，限量；界限 vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量→limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限的→limitation n. 范围；限制 37. marathon n. 马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动(或工作) 38. chairman n. (委员会的)委员长，主席；(会议的)主席，主持人 39. constitution n. 体质，身体素质；宪法，章程 40. pour vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 41. celebrity n. 名人；名望 42. opponent n. 对手，竞争者；反对者→opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的→opposed adj. 强烈反对的；截然不同的 43. humility n. 谦逊，谦虚 44. grace n. 高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面 45. dignity n. 尊严；自尊；高贵 46. bobsleigh n. 大雪橇(供两人或两人以上比赛用) 47. unselfish adj. 无私的，忘我的→selfish adj. 自私的→selfishness n. 自私自利→selfless adj. 无私的→selflessness n. 无私，忘我 48. idiom n. 习语，成语 49. league n. 联赛；等级，级别 50. insurance n. 保险业；保险；保险费 51. salesman n. 售货员，推销员 52. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉→complaint n. 不满；抱怨；埋怨；投诉 53. unintentionally adv. 无意地，非故意地 54. council n. 政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构 55. backfire vi. 产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 56. ballpark n. 棒球场；变动范围 57. venue n. 活动场地 58. curveball n. 曲线球 59. handle vt. 处理，应付；控制，操纵 n. 把手，拉手；柄 60. fist n. 拳，拳头 61. waist n. 腰，腰部；(衣服的)腰部 62. cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的，残酷的→cruelty n. 残忍；残酷→cruelly adv. 残酷地；残忍地 63. remark n. 谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 说起，评论→remarkable adj. 杰出的 64. towel n. 毛巾，抹布，纸巾 65. literally adv. 真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上 66. iron n. 铁；熨斗 vt. & vi. (用熨斗)熨，烫平 短语 1. track and field 田径运动 2. call on sb. to do sth. 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 3. walk on air 欢天喜地，得意扬扬 4. keep sth. in perspective 正确客观地看待 5. find one’s way into 偶然来到，无意中处于 6. move the goalposts 改变条件(或规则) 7. score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 8. in the ballpark 差不多 9. a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计 10. throw sb. a curveball 给某人出难题 11. three strikes and you are out 三振出局 12. below the belt 不公正的，伤人的 13. throw in the towel 认输，承认失败 14. die out 灭绝；逐渐消失 15. side by side 肩并肩地，一起；相互支持 熟词生义 1. These pieces of glassware are valuable，so they handle them with great care. 处理 2. I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car. 控制，操纵 3. The little girl turned the handle and opened the door，which surprised her parents. 把手，拉手 4. Students who demonstrated against the war were sent into prison by the policemen. v. 游行示威 5. He was soon promoted to the rank of captain. n. 军衔；军阶 6. People poured into the square from all parts of the city. v. 不断涌向 句型 1. 强调句型 It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. 是一位名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重获生机。 2. that引导表语从句 His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace. 他的梦想是借助奥运会让不同种族、不同文化的人和平地生活在一起。 3. whether...or...引导让步状语从句 Whether you come first or last, it is important to remember that at any sporting event, ，you face two opponents：your fellow competitors and yourself. 无论你是第一名还是最后一名，重要的是要记住，在任何体育赛事中，你都面临着两个对手：与你同场竞技的人和你自己。 4. wish后接虚拟语气 Thankfully，goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might wish they did. 谢天谢地，门柱并不会真的移动——但当球员踢进乌龙球时，他或她说不定会希望球门真能移动。 5. 先行词为situation，where 引导定语从句 This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances. 这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。 语法 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态 1.过去进行时的被动语态； 2.过去完成时的被动语态。 一、词汇清单 知识点1 participate vi. 参加，参与 【教材原句】During the early Games，only Greek men were allowed to participate. (教材P16) 在早期的奥运会上，只有希腊男子才被允许参加比赛。 【拓展】 (1)participate in 参加；分担 participate with sb. 与某人共同参加/分担/分享 (2)participant n. 参与者 participation n. 参加，参与 【写作佳句】During/In your absence, our class participated in the Oral English Competition, in which we won first prize.你不在的时候，咱们班参加了英语口语比赛，获得了一等奖。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. No professionals may participate in the amateur tennis tournament. 2. The participants(participate) of the game should be at least 18 years old. 3. His participation(participate) makes the match more interesting and inspiring. 完成句子 4. 我参加了社区服务，在一个施食处给那些生活困难的人分发晚餐。 I participated in the community service, passing out dinner to those in need at a soup kitchen. 知识点2 compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争 【教材原句】They competed in such events as boxing, running and the long jump. (教材P16) 他们参加的比赛项目有拳击、赛跑和跳远等。 【拓展】 (1)compete in 参加……比赛 compete with/against...for... 为争取……而与……竞争 (2)competition n. 竞争；比赛 competitor n. 竞争者；参赛者；对手 competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 【写作佳句】In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. 在南瓜田里，我和我的三个兄弟姐妹比赛，寻找最大的南瓜。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Life is like a long race where we compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves. 2. There is now intense competition(compete) between schools to attract students. 3. I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors(compete). 4. Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive(compete) world. 完成句子 5.我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。 We can compete with students from other schools in debate contests or speech contests. 知识点3 proceed vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 【教材原句】Afterwards, this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964, and later changed his name to the one we all know—Muhammad Ali. (教材Pp17) 后来，这个年轻人继续在1964年成为世界重量级拳王，后来改名为我们都熟知的那个名字——穆罕默德·阿里。 【拓展】 proceed to do sth. 继续做某事 proceed with 继续进行 proceed from 从……产生；起因于 proceed to sth. 去往(某地)；进/转入 proceed against 起诉；控诉；提起诉讼 【写作佳句】After everyone was seated the chairman proceeded to announce his plan. 大家就座后，主席继而宣布他的计划。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Having said she wasn't hungry, she then proceeded to order (order)a three-course meal. 2. Now that the disaster has struck many farming areas, it will take great efforts to proceed with this program. 完成句子 3.参观西安之后，他们继续前往他们旅行的下一站——北京。 Having visited Xi'an, they proceeded to the next leg of their trip to Beijing. 知识点4 applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌 【教材原句】Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis­Hill. (教材P17) 另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡·恩尼斯­希尔。 【拓展】 (1)applaud sb.for sth. 因为……向/为某人鼓掌喝彩；赞许/称赞某人某事 applaud sth. 称赞/赞许某事/物 (2)applause n. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌 give sb.applause for 因……而赞扬某人 win/get/draw applause 博得鼓掌 【写作佳句】The audience were deeply affected, and they warmly applauded for a long time. 听众被深深地打动了，掌声经久不息。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. They applauded the judge for the outcome of the trial. 2. As the president's car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause(applaud). 完成句子 3. The soldiers applauded the hero for his courage. →The soldiers gave the hero applause for his courage. 知识点5 consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的 【教材原句】In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed. (教材P17) 在一次采访中，她透露始终表现良好的秘诀是她从未错过训练。 【拓展】 (1)be consistent with 与……并存/一致 (2)consistently adv. 一致地；始终如一地 (3)consist vi. 由……组成；构成；在于；符合 consist in 在于 consist of 由……组成 consist with 与……一致 【注意】consist of只用于主动语态，不使用进行时态，但可以用现在分词作定语。 【写作佳句】He is very straightforward and his action is always consistent with what he says. 他非常直率，并且总是言行一致。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Life mainly consists  of   happiness and sorrow while happiness consists  in   struggles. 2. For high-end homes in this valley, this is entirely consistent  with what they cost. 完成句子 3.在这次活动中，每个小组由8名学生组成。 Each group consists of/is made up of/is comprised of eight students in this activity. 知识点6 call on sb. to do sth. 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 【教材原句】The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World, One Dream”. (教材P17) 2008年北京奥运会以“同一个世界，同一个梦想”为口号，号召全世界一起弘扬奥林匹克精神，共创人类美好未来。 【拓展】 call on sb. 拜访某人；号召/请求某人 call at 访问(某处)；(车船等)停靠(某地) call back 回电话；召回，叫回来 call for 需要，要求；去取(某物)，去接(某人同往某处) call in 找来；请来 call up 打电话；使人想起 call off 取消 【写作佳句】The Students' Union called on us to give away our used books to the students in the lower grades. 学生会号召我们把我们的旧书赠送给低年级的学生。 【经典练】 用call的短语填空 1. The headmaster called on us to study hard for our future. 2. We called at Mr.Smith's office yesterday. 3. I'll call for you at 6 o'clock and we'll go to the theatre together. 知识点7 rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列；使排成行 n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 【教材原句】In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time，China also ranked first in the medal table. 这是中国首次举办奥运会，也是首次登顶奖牌榜榜首。 (教材P17) 【拓展】 (1)rank (...) as (把……)列为…… rank (...) with/among (把……)与……并列；(把……)列为 rank sth. 排列某物 rank first 排名第一 (2)in rank 在职位上 in ranks 排成队 join the ranks 加入行列；加入大军 [名师点津]rank主要指排名或军衔、职称等，也指一行人或车，用作可数名词，一般用复数形式ranks；指“普通士兵/(团体或组织的)成员”常用the ranks。 【写作佳句】Mr. Li ranks with the world's eminent scientists. 李先生名列世界著名的科学家之中。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The young man feels unhappy as he is below me in rank. 2. The trees on the road sides are growing in serried ranks(rank). 完成句子 3.这部影片列为最佳影片之一，因为它反映了中国人民的真实生活。 This film ranks as/with/among the best, as it reflects the real life of Chinese people. 知识点8 faith n. 信心；宗教信仰 【教材原句】As Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.” (教材P17) 正如顾拜旦所说：“有了奥林匹克运动会，每一代人都在庆祝它的到来，庆祝它给生活带来的喜悦，庆祝它对未来的信念，庆祝它的雄心壮志和它向上的意志。” 【拓展】 (1)have faith in 相信/信任/信仰……；对……有信心 lose faith in 对……失去信任，不再相信…… in bad/good faith 背信弃义地/真诚地 keep faith 守信 have faith that... 相信…… (2)faithful adj. 忠诚的；忠实的；忠贞的 be faithful to 对……忠诚 (3)faithfully adv. 忠实地，忠诚地；如实地；诚恳地 【写作佳句】I have firm faith that he will pass the exam. 我坚信他会通过考试。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Do you think the film adaptation is faithful(faith) to the book? 2. This report was published in good faith but we regret any confusion which may have been caused. 3. He had supported the local team faithfully(faith) for 30 years. 完成句子 4.虽然约翰有缺点，我仍然信任他。 I still have faith in John despite his shortcomings. 知识点9 limit n. 限度，限制；限量，限额；界限 vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量 【教材原句】I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before. 我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。 (教材P20) 【拓展】 (1)a limit to... ……的限度 set a limit to 对……加以限制 beyond the limit 超出限制/范围 within (the) limits 适当地；在一定范围内 limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内 (2)limited adj. 有限的 limitation n. 范围；限制 limitless adj. 无限的 limitlessly adv. 无限制地 [名师点津]limit 后搭配的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词；limit作“范围，境界”解时多用其复数形式。 【写作佳句】There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to serving the people. 一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and limits(limit) the size of brains. 2. In my opinion, taking cell phones with the students should not be banned, but limited(limit) to certain areas. 3. Andrew is an imaginative boy and his imagination is just entirely limitless(limit). 完成句子 4. 我会尽力帮忙，但我所能做的也是有限度的。 I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do. 知识点10 pour vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 【教材原句】Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. (教材P21) 我和凯西很快地把水倒进杯子里给他们。 【拓展】 pour down 向下倾注；流下 pour in 大量地涌进来；倒入，使涌入 pour into 不断地或大量地流进或涌进 pour out 倒出；倾诉；倾吐 【写作佳句】Thousands of people poured into the stadium to watch the football match. 成千上万的人涌进体育场观看这场足球比赛。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. After pouring out his trouble to a close friend，he felt much better. 2. He was so worried that sweat began to pour down his face. 完成句子 3. 倾盆大雨不停地下，我们无法像往常一样去上学。 It was pouring down nonstop and we couldn't go to school as usual. 知识点11 find one's way into 偶然来到，无意中处于 【教材原句】Since sport is an inseparable part of day­to­day life，there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language. (教材p25) 由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，日常用语中已经出现了许多体育习语。 【拓展】 find one's way 找到路；设法到达 make one's way 去，前往，行进 push one's way 挤进去 lose one's way 迷路 inch one's way 缓慢前进 pick one's way 谨慎前进 weave one's way 穿梭前进 【写作佳句】There were so many people in the street that we had to push our way through the crowd. 街道上有那么多人，以至于我们不得不从人群中挤过去。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.研究人员在向导的帮助下进入森林。 The researchers found their way into the forest with the help of the guide. 2.在一个陌生的森林中，没有太阳和星星你可能会很容易迷路。 You may lose your way easily without the sun or the stars in a strange forest. 知识点12 remark n. 谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 说起，评论 【教材原句】In day­to­day life，if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark, we can describe it as “below the belt”. (教材P26) 在日常生活中，如果有人说了不公平和残忍的话，我们可以把它描述为“不公正的，伤人的”。 【拓展】 (1)remark on/upon 就……发表意见/评论 remark that... 谈到；说起 (2)make a remark on/about 就……发表意见；对……评头论足 (3)remarkable adj. 异常的；非凡的；值得注意的；卓越的 【写作佳句】Everyone must discipline himself not to make rude remarks or waste food. 每个人都必须约束自己,不说无礼的话,不浪费食物。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The president made a remarkable(remark) speech on New Year's Eve. 一句多译 2.对别人的相貌评头论足是没有礼貌的。 →It's impolite to make a remark on/about the appearance of others.(remark n. ) →It's impolite to remark on/upon the appearance of others.(remark v. ) 二、语法清单 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time. 2. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. 3. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. 4. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、过去进行时的被动语态 1. 基本结构：was/were + being +动词的过去分词。 (1)肯定结构：主语+was/were + being + done +其他成分. (2)否定结构：主语+was/were +not +being + done +其他成分. (3)疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+ being + done +其他成分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+(主语)+ being + done +其他成分？ 2. 用法： (1)过去进行时态的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。 (2)过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。 (3)少数及物动词的过去进行时表示在过去按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。 【经典练】 1. My house ________(decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home. 【答案】was being decorated 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：你上次来北京时，我的房子正在装修，所以我没邀请你到家里来。“when you visited Beijing last time”表明主句动作在过去某时正在进行，需用过去进行时。主语“My house”与谓语“decorate”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。主语是单数，故助动词用was。故填was being decorated。 2. My parents ________(look after) in a care home in the community where they had always lived. 【答案】were being looked after 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我的父母在他们一直居住的社区里的一家养老院里得到了照顾。my parents和look after是被动关系，需用被动语态；结合后文的“where they had always lived”可知，此处表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作，使用过去进行时，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were being looked after。 3. We didn’t get into the room. A thief ________(question) then. 【答案】was being questioned 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们没能进入房间。当时一个小偷正在被审问。根据“then(当时)”以及“We didn’t get into the room”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作；且thief与question之间是被动关系，应用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”，主语A thief是单数，be动词用was，question的过去分词是questioned。故填was being questioned。 4. I had to walk to work because my car ________(repair). 【答案】was being repaired 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我不得不步行去上班，因为我的车正在被修理。根据“I had to walk to work”可知，车当时正在被修理，强调过去某个时间正在进行的被动动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”。主语my car是单数，be动词用was，repair的过去分词是repaired。故填was being repaired。 二、完成句子 5. The suburban football club was under reconstruction. (句型转换) →The suburban football club ________________. 【答案】was being reconstructed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：郊区的足球俱乐部正在重建。短语be under reconstruction表示“正在重建”，此处替换为动词reconstruct，与主语The suburban football club构成被动关系，表示过去正在发生，应用过去进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was being reconstructed。 6. They were making the new tool at that time. (句型转换) →The new tool ________________ at that time. 【答案】was being made 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当时正在制造这种新工具。根据句意以及原句结构可知，该句可转化为过去进行时的被动语态结构，主语The new tool和make之间为被动关系，用被动语态，结合时态为过去进行时。故答案是：was being made。 7. I’m sorry I didn’t answer your phone call, because my teacher was delivering a lecture. (句型转换) →I’m sorry I didn’t answer your phone call, because a lecture ________________________________. 【答案】was being delivered by my teacher 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：很抱歉我没有接你的电话，因为我的老师正在讲课。根据was delivering可知，句子为过去进行时，改为a lecture作为主语，用过去进行时的被动语态，谓语为be being delivered，主语为单数，be动词用was，用介词by引出动作的发出者my teacher。故填was being delivered by my teacher。 8. They were tearing down the old workshop to build a new one. (句型转换) →The old workshop ________________________________. 【答案】was being torn down to build a new one 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：他们正在拆除旧车间，建一个新车间。句子为过去进行时，改为主语为The old workshop后，句子过去进行时的被动语态，tear down改为be being torn down，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was being torn down to build a new one。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 1. 基本结构：had +been+动词的过去分词。 (1)肯定结构：主语+ had been done +其他成分. (2)否定结构：主语+ had not been done +其他成分. (3)疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Had +主语+ been done +其他成分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ had +(主语)+ been done +其他成分？ 2. 用法： (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 (2)在 told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 (3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 By the time he got to the cinema，the first movie had been finished. 他到达电影院时，第一部电影已经播放完了。 [名师点津]当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. She ________(tell) to wait outside, but nobody informed her when to enter. 【答案】had been told 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：她被告知在外面等，但没人通知她什么时候进去。空处作句子的谓语，由but nobody informed her when to enter可知，被告知在外面等这一动作发生在被告知什么时候进去之前，即过去的过去，且主语she和tell之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态had been told。故填had been told。 2. The bridge ________(destroy) before they arrived. 【答案】had been destroyed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在他们到达之前，这座桥就已经被毁坏了。destroy(毁坏)与The bridge(这座桥)之间是被动关系，即桥是被毁坏的，所以要用被动语态“be + 过去分词”。又因为before they arrived(在他们到达之前)，arrived是一般过去时，而桥被毁坏发生在“到达”这个过去动作之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态“had been + 过去分词”。destroy的过去分词是destroyed，故填had been destroyed。 3. How I wish I ________(bear) in a millionaire’s family. 【答案】had been born 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望我出生在一个百万富翁的家庭里啊。wish后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结合句意，此处表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用“had +过去分词”形式，且bear与主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去完成时的被动语态，bear的过去分词是born。故填had been born。 4. The cake ________(eat) before the guest arrived. 【答案】had been eaten 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：客人来之前蛋糕已经被吃掉了。主语cake和eat之间是被动关系，结合“before the guest arrived”可知，eat表示的动作发生在arrived之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been eaten。 二、完成句子 5. 到上个月月底，所有的书都卖出去了。 By the end of last month, all the books ________________. 【答案】had been sold out 【详解】考查动词时态语态。“卖出去”sell out，根据时间状语By the end of last month可知，句子应用过去完成时，且主语all the books与谓语sell out构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sold out。 6. 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，... ________________ that she ________________ the Nobel Prize... 【答案】Upon hearing; had been awarded 【详解】考查介词、动名词和时态语态。“一听说”用Upon doing sth.，hear用动名词形式；“授予”用动词award表示，是宾语从句中谓语动词，“被授予”是被动语态，表示这件事发生在听说之前，用been awarded与助动词had构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填①Upon hearing②had been awarded。 7. 在2016年过世前，阿里已经被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。 ________________ he died in 2016, Ali ________________ one of the greatest boxers of all time. 【答案】By the time; had been recognized as 【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态语态 。对比中英文提示，空一引导时间状语从句，可用by the time，表示“到……时”，空二缺少“被公认为”，用被动语态be recognized as，先与died，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故填By the time；had been recognized as。 8. 正如期望的那样，他实验做得非常成功。 He did the experiment successfully, ________________. 【答案】as had been expected 【详解】考查定语从句、时态、语态和动词。分析句子结构并结合中英文，设空处表示“正如期望的那样”，应用as引导非限制性定语从句。“期望”可表示为expect，为及物动词，这里表示的动作发生在did之前，应用过去完成时，且作主语的as和expect之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。故填as had been expected。 三、写作清单 写一篇关于对体育精神的理解的文章 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是分享对体育精神的理解的文章，属于议论文。议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，运用一定的材料通过一定的论证方法来表明自己的立场、观点或态度的文体。议论文一般由论题、论点、论据、论证和结论构成。在议论文中，作者先就论题(某一问题或现象)提出论点，然后辅之以相关的论据，并在此基础上进行逻辑和理论上的论证，以使读者同意自己的看法，最终得出结论。 议论文的结构一般分为三部分：引言： 简单阐释要讨论的主题。主体： 一般可提出两三个论据，并分别进行阐述。结论： 往往用一两句话提出自己的看法、意见或建议，从而结束文章。要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话。 【积累·写作素材】 (1)段首句 ①I hold the view that sportsmanship is more important than achievement. 我认为,体育精神比成绩更重要。 ②From my point of view, sportsmanship matters more compared with achievement. 在我看来,与成绩相比,体育精神更重要。 (2)主体段落句 ①I have joined the basketball team, where I not only learn the importance of teamwork but also strengthen my body, which is of great benefit to my mental health as well as physical health. 我加入篮球队,从中我不但懂得了团队合作的重要性,还增强了我的体质,这对我的身心健康大有益处。 ②Sports and games are also very useful for character training. 体育运动还有利于品格的培养。 ③The reason why I think basketball is an art as well as a sport is that it needs both strength and skill. 我认为篮球不仅是一项运动而且是一门艺术的原因是它既需要力量又需要技巧。 ④Only through teamwork can a football team win the game. 一个足球队只有通过团队合作才能赢得比赛的胜利。 (3)段尾句 ①Based on the above reasons, I think sportsmanship should be emphasized. 基于以上原因,我认为应该强调体育精神。 ②All in all, we should keep in mind that the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair competition is the most important. 总之,我们应该牢记,友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神是最重要的。 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，你校英语校报就“体育精神(sportsmanship)”这一话题举办了一次征文活动。请你根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文投稿。 内容包括： 1. 你对体育精神的理解； 2. 你的论据； 3. 总结你的观点。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 议论文-体育精神的理解 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：引入话题—对体育精神的理解 第二段：举例论证。 第三段：体育精神将永远伴随。 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1.示范；展示 demonstrate 2.逐渐地 gradually 3.正确客观地看待 keep sth. in perspective 4.对手 opponent 5.自尊，尊严 dignity 6.抱怨 complain 7.处理，应付 handle 8.说刻毒伤人的话 hit below the belt 句子翻译 1.运动员要努力拼搏以便于能够展示出他们的最好水平。 Sportsmen must work hard to demonstrate their best abilities. 2.与对手在比赛中竞争时，运动员应该尊重对手、公平比赛。 When they compete against their opponents in matches, sportsmen should respect their opponents and play fair. 3.无论输赢，他们都应该以优雅和自尊来应对成功和失败。 Whether they lose or win, they should handle both victory and defeat with grace and dignity. 4.他们的孩子可以逐渐从中学会如何正确客观地看待一切事物。 Their children could learn gradually from this how to keep everything in perspective. 第三步：词句升级 5.用省略式状语从句改写句② When competing against their opponents in matches, sportsmen should respect their opponents and play fair. 6.用“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句连接句③和句④ Whether they lose or win, they should handle both victory and defeat with grace and dignity, from which their children could also learn gradually how to keep everything in perspective. 第四步：连句成篇 Nowadays, sportsmanship has increasingly become a common concern of the public. In my opinion, sportsmanship means working hard, playing fair, showing respect to other players and dealing with victory or defeat with dignity. First, only by working hard can sportsmen demonstrate their best abilities. Second, when competing against their opponents in matches，they should respect their opponents and play fair. And they will win respect in return. Finally, whether they lose or win，they should handle both victory and defeat with grace and dignity instead of complaining or hitting below the belt, from which their children could also learn gradually how to keep everything in perspective. In short，good sportsmanship is of vital importance for athletes themselves and their offspring. Those who practice good sportsmanship are likely to carry the respect and appreciation of other people into every other aspect of life. ( 15 / 17 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Sports culture 单词 1. ________ n. 团结，齐心协力 2. ________ vi. 参与，参加→________ n. 参加，参与→________ n. 参与者 3. ________ vi. 参加比赛；竞争→________ n. 竞争；比赛→________ adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的→________ n. 竞争者 4. ________ adj. 种族的；种族间的 5. ________ adj. 多种多样的，不同的→________ n. 多样性；多种多样 6. ________ adj. 联合的，共同的 n. 关节；接合处 7. ________ vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因→________ n. 动力；诱因；干劲 8. ________ n. (pl. mottoes, mottos)格言，座右铭 9. ________ n. 边界，分界线 10. ________ vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威→________ n. 表现，表达；证实，证明；示范，演示；游行示威 11. ________ (also afterward) adv. 以后，后来 12. ________ vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 13. ________ n. 火焰，火舌 14. ________ vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌→________ n. 鼓掌 15. ________ 田径运动 16. ________ adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的 17. ________ n. 人类；人性；人道 18. ________ vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 19. ________ n. 趋势，趋向 20. ________ n. (pl. hurdles)跨栏赛；栏架；障碍 21. ________ n. (重要事件、人物等的)到来，出现 22. ________ n. 选举，推选；当选→________ vt. 选举；推选 23. ________ n. (重要事件、人物等的)到来，出现 24. ________ n. 信任；信心；信念；宗教信仰→________ adj. 忠实的；守信的→________ adv. 忠实地 25. ________ n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→________ adj. 有志气的，有野心的 26. ________ vi. & vt. 上升，升高，登高 27. ________ adj. 完全同样的 28. ________ adj. 同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n. 同辈，同类；男人，家伙 29. ________ n. 接力赛 vt. 转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播 30. ________ n. 胸部；大箱子 31. ________ n. 面颊，脸颊 32. ________ n. 半程马拉松赛跑 33. ________ n. 踝，踝关节 34. ________ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地 35. ________ n. 一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年 36. ________ n. 限度，限制；限额，限量；界限 vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量→________ adj. 有限的→________ adj. 无限的→________ n. 范围；限制 37. ________ n. 马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动(或工作) 38. ________ n. (委员会的)委员长，主席；(会议的)主席，主持人 39. ________ n. 体质，身体素质；宪法，章程 40. ________ vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 41. ________ n. 名人；名望 42. ________ n. 对手，竞争者；反对者→________ adj. 对抗的；相反的→________ adj. 强烈反对的；截然不同的 43. ________ n. 谦逊，谦虚 44. ________ n. 高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面 45. ________ n. 尊严；自尊；高贵 46. ________ n. 大雪橇(供两人或两人以上比赛用) 47. ________ adj. 无私的，忘我的→________ adj. 自私的→________ n. 自私自利→________ adj. 无私的→________ n. 无私，忘我 48. ________ n. 习语，成语 49. ________ n. 联赛；等级，级别 50. ________ n. 保险业；保险；保险费 51 ________ n. 售货员，推销员 52. ________ vi. & vt. 抱怨，投诉→________ n. 不满；抱怨；埋怨；投诉 53. ________ adv. 无意地，非故意地 54. ________ n. 政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构 55. ________ vi. 产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果 56. ________ n. 棒球场；变动范围 57. ________ n. 活动场地 58. ________ n. 曲线球 59. ________ vt. 处理，应付；控制，操纵 n. 把手，拉手；柄 60. ________ n. 拳，拳头 61. ________ n. 腰，腰部；(衣服的)腰部 62. ________ adj. 刻毒伤人的，残酷的→________ n. 残忍；残酷→________ adv. 残酷地；残忍地 63. ________ n. 谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 说起，评论→________ adj. 杰出的 64. ________ n. 毛巾，抹布，纸巾 65. ________ adv. 真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上 66. ________ n. 铁；熨斗 vt. & vi. (用熨斗)熨，烫平 短语 1. ________________田径运动 2. ________________正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 3. ________________欢天喜地，得意扬扬 4. ________________正确客观地看待 5. ________________偶然来到，无意中处于 6. ________________改变条件(或规则) 7. ________________进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 8. ________________差不多 9. ________________大致相近的估计 10. ________________给某人出难题 11. ________________三振出局 12. ________________不公正的，伤人的 13. ________________认输，承认失败 14. ________________灭绝；逐渐消失 15. ________________肩并肩地，一起；相互支持 熟词生义 1. These pieces of glassware are valuable，so they handle them with great care. ________ 2. I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car. ________ 3. The little girl turned the handle and opened the door，which surprised her parents. ________ 4. Students who demonstrated against the war were sent into prison by the policemen. ________ 5. He was soon promoted to the rank of captain. ________ 6. People poured into the square from all parts of the city. ________ 句型 1. 强调句型 ________ a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin, ________ brought the Olympics back to life. 是一位名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重获生机。 2. that引导表语从句 His dream was ________________________________________________________________. 他的梦想是借助奥运会让不同种族、不同文化的人和平地生活在一起。 3. whether...or...引导让步状语从句 ________ you come first ________ last, it is important to remember that at any sporting event, ，you face two opponents：your fellow competitors and yourself. 无论你是第一名还是最后一名，重要的是要记住，在任何体育赛事中，你都面临着两个对手：与你同场竞技的人和你自己。 4. wish后接虚拟语气 Thankfully，goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might ________________________________. 谢天谢地，门柱并不会真的移动——但当球员踢进乌龙球时，他或她说不定会希望球门真能移动。 5. 先行词为situation，where 引导定语从句 This idiom is often used to talk about ________________________________. 这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。 语法 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态 1.过去进行时的被动语态； 2.过去完成时的被动语态。 一、词汇清单 知识点1 participate vi. 参加，参与 【教材原句】During the early Games，only Greek men were allowed to participate. (教材P16) 在早期的奥运会上，只有希腊男子才被允许参加比赛。 【拓展】 (1)participate in 参加；分担 participate with sb. 与某人共同参加/分担/分享 (2)participant n. 参与者 participation n. 参加，参与 【写作佳句】During/In your absence, our class participated in the Oral English Competition, in which we won first prize.你不在的时候，咱们班参加了英语口语比赛，获得了一等奖。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. No professionals may participate ________ the amateur tennis tournament. 2. The ________(participate) of the game should be at least 18 years old. 3. His ________(participate) makes the match more interesting and inspiring. 完成句子 4. 我参加了社区服务，在一个施食处给那些生活困难的人分发晚餐。 ________________________________, passing out dinner to those in need at a soup kitchen. 知识点2 compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争 【教材原句】They competed in such events as boxing, running and the long jump. (教材P16) 他们参加的比赛项目有拳击、赛跑和跳远等。 【拓展】 (1)compete in 参加……比赛 compete with/against...for... 为争取……而与……竞争 (2)competition n. 竞争；比赛 competitor n. 竞争者；参赛者；对手 competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 【写作佳句】In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. 在南瓜田里，我和我的三个兄弟姐妹比赛，寻找最大的南瓜。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Life is like a long race where we compete ________ others to go beyond ourselves. 2. There is now intense ________(compete) between schools to attract students. 3. I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my ________(compete). 4. Nobody can entirely keep away from this ________(compete) world. 完成句子 5.我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。 We can ________________________________ debate contests or speech contests. 知识点3 proceed vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往 【教材原句】Afterwards, this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964, and later changed his name to the one we all know—Muhammad Ali. (教材Pp17) 后来，这个年轻人继续在1964年成为世界重量级拳王，后来改名为我们都熟知的那个名字——穆罕默德·阿里。 【拓展】 proceed to do sth. 继续做某事 proceed with 继续进行 proceed from 从……产生；起因于 proceed to sth. 去往(某地)；进/转入 proceed against 起诉；控诉；提起诉讼 【写作佳句】After everyone was seated the chairman proceeded to announce his plan. 大家就座后，主席继而宣布他的计划。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Having said she wasn't hungry, she then proceeded ________(order) a three-course meal. 2. Now that the disaster has struck many farming areas, it will take great efforts to proceed ________ this program. 完成句子 3.参观西安之后，他们继续前往他们旅行的下一站——北京。 Having visited Xi'an, ________________________________ of their trip to Beijing. 知识点4 applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌 【教材原句】Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis­Hill. (教材P17) 另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡·恩尼斯­希尔。 【拓展】 (1)applaud sb.for sth. 因为……向/为某人鼓掌喝彩；赞许/称赞某人某事 applaud sth. 称赞/赞许某事/物 (2)applause n. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌 give sb.applause for 因……而赞扬某人 win/get/draw applause 博得鼓掌 【写作佳句】The audience were deeply affected, and they warmly applauded for a long time. 听众被深深地打动了，掌声经久不息。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. They applauded the judge ________ the outcome of the trial. 2. As the president's car arrived, the crowd broke into loud ________(applaud). 完成句子 3. The soldiers applauded the hero for his courage. →The soldiers ________________________________. 知识点5 consistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的 【教材原句】In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed. (教材P17) 在一次采访中，她透露始终表现良好的秘诀是她从未错过训练。 【拓展】 (1)be consistent with 与……并存/一致 (2)consistently adv. 一致地；始终如一地 (3)consist vi. 由……组成；构成；在于；符合 consist in 在于 consist of 由……组成 consist with 与……一致 【注意】consist of只用于主动语态，不使用进行时态，但可以用现在分词作定语。 【写作佳句】He is very straightforward and his action is always consistent with what he says. 他非常直率，并且总是言行一致。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Life mainly consists ________ happiness and sorrow while happiness consists ________ struggles. 2. For high-end homes in this valley, this is entirely consistent ________ what they cost. 完成句子 3.在这次活动中，每个小组由8名学生组成。 Each group ________________________________ eight students in this activity. 知识点6 call on sb. to do sth. 正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事 【教材原句】The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World, One Dream”. (教材P17) 2008年北京奥运会以“同一个世界，同一个梦想”为口号，号召全世界一起弘扬奥林匹克精神，共创人类美好未来。 【拓展】 call on sb. 拜访某人；号召/请求某人 call at 访问(某处)；(车船等)停靠(某地) call back 回电话；召回，叫回来 call for 需要，要求；去取(某物)，去接(某人同往某处) call in 找来；请来 call up 打电话；使人想起 call off 取消 【写作佳句】The Students' Union called on us to give away our used books to the students in the lower grades. 学生会号召我们把我们的旧书赠送给低年级的学生。 【经典练】 用call的短语填空 1. The headmaster ________________________________ for our future. 2. We ________________ Mr.Smith's office yesterday. 3. I'll ________________ you at 6 o'clock and we'll go to the theatre together. 知识点7 rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列；使排成行 n. 地位，级别；等级；排，列；军衔 【教材原句】In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time，China also ranked first in the medal table. 这是中国首次举办奥运会，也是首次登顶奖牌榜榜首。 (教材P17) 【拓展】 (1)rank (...) as (把……)列为…… rank (...) with/among (把……)与……并列；(把……)列为 rank sth. 排列某物 rank first 排名第一 (2)in rank 在职位上 in ranks 排成队 join the ranks 加入行列；加入大军 [名师点津]rank主要指排名或军衔、职称等，也指一行人或车，用作可数名词，一般用复数形式ranks；指“普通士兵/(团体或组织的)成员”常用the ranks。 【写作佳句】Mr. Li ranks with the world's eminent scientists. 李先生名列世界著名的科学家之中。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The young man feels unhappy as he is below me ________ rank. 2. The trees on the road sides are growing in serried ________(rank). 完成句子 3.这部影片列为最佳影片之一，因为它反映了中国人民的真实生活。 This film ________________________________, as it reflects the real life of Chinese people. 知识点8 faith n. 信心；宗教信仰 【教材原句】As Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.” (教材P17) 正如顾拜旦所说：“有了奥林匹克运动会，每一代人都在庆祝它的到来，庆祝它给生活带来的喜悦，庆祝它对未来的信念，庆祝它的雄心壮志和它向上的意志。” 【拓展】 (1)have faith in 相信/信任/信仰……；对……有信心 lose faith in 对……失去信任，不再相信…… in bad/good faith 背信弃义地/真诚地 keep faith 守信 have faith that... 相信…… (2)faithful adj. 忠诚的；忠实的；忠贞的 be faithful to 对……忠诚 (3)faithfully adv. 忠实地，忠诚地；如实地；诚恳地 【写作佳句】I have firm faith that he will pass the exam. 我坚信他会通过考试。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Do you think the film adaptation is ________(faith) to the book? 2. This report was published ________ good faith but we regret any confusion which may have been caused. 3. He had supported the local team ________(faith) for 30 years. 完成句子 4.虽然约翰有缺点，我仍然信任他。 I still ________________ John despite his shortcomings. 知识点9 limit n. 限度，限制；限量，限额；界限 vt. 限制，限定；限量，减量 【教材原句】I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before. 我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。 (教材P20) 【拓展】 (1)a limit to... ……的限度 set a limit to 对……加以限制 beyond the limit 超出限制/范围 within (the) limits 适当地；在一定范围内 limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内 (2)limited adj. 有限的 limitation n. 范围；限制 limitless adj. 无限的 limitlessly adv. 无限制地 [名师点津]limit 后搭配的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词；limit作“范围，境界”解时多用其复数形式。 【写作佳句】There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to serving the people. 一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and ________(limit) the size of brains. 2. In my opinion, taking cell phones with the students should not be banned, but ________(limit) to certain areas. 3. Andrew is an imaginative boy and his imagination is just entirely ________(limit). 完成句子 4. 我会尽力帮忙，但我所能做的也是有限度的。 I'll help as much as I can, but there is ________ what I can do. 知识点10 pour vt. & vi. 倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 【教材原句】Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. (教材P21) 我和凯西很快地把水倒进杯子里给他们。 【拓展】 pour down 向下倾注；流下 pour in 大量地涌进来；倒入，使涌入 pour into 不断地或大量地流进或涌进 pour out 倒出；倾诉；倾吐 【写作佳句】Thousands of people poured into the stadium to watch the football match. 成千上万的人涌进体育场观看这场足球比赛。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. After pouring ________ his trouble to a close friend，he felt much better. 2. He was so worried that sweat began to pour ________ his face. 完成句子 3. 倾盆大雨不停地下，我们无法像往常一样去上学。 It was ________________ nonstop and we couldn't go to school as usual. 知识点11 find one's way into 偶然来到，无意中处于 【教材原句】Since sport is an inseparable part of day­to­day life，there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language. (教材p25) 由于体育是日常生活中不可分割的一部分，日常用语中已经出现了许多体育习语。 【拓展】 find one's way 找到路；设法到达 make one's way 去，前往，行进 push one's way 挤进去 lose one's way 迷路 inch one's way 缓慢前进 pick one's way 谨慎前进 weave one's way 穿梭前进 【写作佳句】There were so many people in the street that we had to push our way through the crowd. 街道上有那么多人，以至于我们不得不从人群中挤过去。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.研究人员在向导的帮助下进入森林。 The researchers ________________________________ with the help of the guide. 2.在一个陌生的森林中，没有太阳和星星你可能会很容易迷路。 ________________________________ easily without the sun or the stars in a strange forest. 知识点12 remark n. 谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 说起，评论 【教材原句】In day­to­day life，if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark, we can describe it as “below the belt”. (教材P26) 在日常生活中，如果有人说了不公平和残忍的话，我们可以把它描述为“不公正的，伤人的”。 【拓展】 (1)remark on/upon 就……发表意见/评论 remark that... 谈到；说起 (2)make a remark on/about 就……发表意见；对……评头论足 (3)remarkable adj. 异常的；非凡的；值得注意的；卓越的 【写作佳句】Everyone must discipline himself not to make rude remarks or waste food. 每个人都必须约束自己,不说无礼的话,不浪费食物。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1. The president made a ________(remark) speech on New Year's Eve. 一句多译 2.对别人的相貌评头论足是没有礼貌的。 →It's impolite to ________________________________ the appearance of others.(remark n. ) →It's impolite to ________________ the appearance of others.(remark v. ) 二、语法清单 过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态 【感知·语法规律】 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成: 1. By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time. 2. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. 3. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. 4. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. 【精讲·语法知识】 一、过去进行时的被动语态 1. 基本结构：was/were + being +动词的过去分词。 (1)肯定结构：主语+was/were + being + done +其他成分. (2)否定结构：主语+was/were +not +being + done +其他成分. (3)疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+ being + done +其他成分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+(主语)+ being + done +其他成分？ 2. 用法： (1)过去进行时态的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。 (2)过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。 (3)少数及物动词的过去进行时表示在过去按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。 【经典练】 1. My house ________(decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home. 2. My parents ________(look after) in a care home in the community where they had always lived. 3. We didn’t get into the room. A thief ________(question) then. 4. I had to walk to work because my car ________(repair). 二、完成句子 5. The suburban football club was under reconstruction. (句型转换) →The suburban football club ________________. 6. They were making the new tool at that time. (句型转换) →The new tool ________________ at that time. 7. I’m sorry I didn’t answer your phone call, because my teacher was delivering a lecture. (句型转换) →I’m sorry I didn’t answer your phone call, because a lecture ________________________________. 8. They were tearing down the old workshop to build a new one. (句型转换) →The old workshop ________________________________. 二、过去完成时的被动语态 1. 基本结构：had +been+动词的过去分词。 (1)肯定结构：主语+ had been done +其他成分. (2)否定结构：主语+ had not been done +其他成分. (3)疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Had +主语+ been done +其他成分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ had +(主语)+ been done +其他成分？ 2. 用法： (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 (2)在 told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 (3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 By the time he got to the cinema，the first movie had been finished. 他到达电影院时，第一部电影已经播放完了。 [名师点津]当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 【经典练】　 一、语法填空 1. She ________(tell) to wait outside, but nobody informed her when to enter. 2. The bridge ________(destroy) before they arrived. 3. How I wish I ________(bear) in a millionaire’s family. 4. The cake ________(eat) before the guest arrived. 二、完成句子 5. 到上个月月底，所有的书都卖出去了。 By the end of last month, all the books ________________. 6. 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，... ________________ that she ________________ the Nobel Prize... 7. 在2016年过世前，阿里已经被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。 ________________ he died in 2016, Ali ________________ one of the greatest boxers of all time. 8. 正如期望的那样，他实验做得非常成功。 He did the experiment successfully, ________________. 三、写作清单 写一篇关于对体育精神的理解的文章 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元的写作任务是分享对体育精神的理解的文章，属于议论文。议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，运用一定的材料通过一定的论证方法来表明自己的立场、观点或态度的文体。议论文一般由论题、论点、论据、论证和结论构成。在议论文中，作者先就论题(某一问题或现象)提出论点，然后辅之以相关的论据，并在此基础上进行逻辑和理论上的论证，以使读者同意自己的看法，最终得出结论。 议论文的结构一般分为三部分：引言： 简单阐释要讨论的主题。主体： 一般可提出两三个论据，并分别进行阐述。结论： 往往用一两句话提出自己的看法、意见或建议，从而结束文章。要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话。 【积累·写作素材】 (1)段首句 ①I hold the view that sportsmanship is more important than achievement. 我认为,体育精神比成绩更重要。 ②From my point of view, sportsmanship matters more compared with achievement. 在我看来,与成绩相比,体育精神更重要。 (2)主体段落句 ①I have joined the basketball team, where I not only learn the importance of teamwork but also strengthen my body, which is of great benefit to my mental health as well as physical health. 我加入篮球队,从中我不但懂得了团队合作的重要性,还增强了我的体质,这对我的身心健康大有益处。 ②Sports and games are also very useful for character training. 体育运动还有利于品格的培养。 ③The reason why I think basketball is an art as well as a sport is that it needs both strength and skill. 我认为篮球不仅是一项运动而且是一门艺术的原因是它既需要力量又需要技巧。 ④Only through teamwork can a football team win the game. 一个足球队只有通过团队合作才能赢得比赛的胜利。 (3)段尾句 ①Based on the above reasons, I think sportsmanship should be emphasized. 基于以上原因,我认为应该强调体育精神。 ②All in all, we should keep in mind that the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair competition is the most important. 总之,我们应该牢记,友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神是最重要的。 【示例·分步写作】 假定你是李华，你校英语校报就“体育精神(sportsmanship)”这一话题举办了一次征文活动。请你根据以下要点，写一篇英语短文投稿。 内容包括： 1. 你对体育精神的理解； 2. 你的论据； 3. 总结你的观点。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 议论文-体育精神的理解 人称 以第三人称为主 时态 一般现在时为主 框架 第一段：引入话题—对体育精神的理解 第二段：举例论证。 第三段：体育精神将永远伴随。 第二步：要点翻译 词汇翻译 1.示范；展示 ________________ 2.逐渐地 ________________ 3.正确客观地看待 ________________ 4.对手 ________________ 5.自尊，尊严 ________________ 6.抱怨 ________________ 7.处理，应付 ________________ 8.说刻毒伤人的话 ________________ 句子翻译 1.运动员要努力拼搏以便于能够展示出他们的最好水平。 ________________________________________________________________ 2.与对手在比赛中竞争时，运动员应该尊重对手、公平比赛。 ________________________________________________________________ 3.无论输赢，他们都应该以优雅和自尊来应对成功和失败。 ________________________________________________________________ 4.他们的孩子可以逐渐从中学会如何正确客观地看待一切事物。 ________________________________________________________________ 第三步：词句升级 5.用省略式状语从句改写句② ________________________________________________________________ 6.用“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句连接句③和句④ ________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 3 / 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$