Unit 5 Languages Around the World 定语从句之关系副词（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Unit 5 Languages Around the World 核心语法精练（定语从句之关系副词） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、定语从句高考真题 3 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 5 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 6 定语从句中的关系副词（Relative Adverbs）是引导定语从句的重要连接词，主要有三个：where, when, why。 核心关系代词及其功能： 关系副词 含义 在从句中充当 常见先行词 where 在那里，在那时 地点状语 place, city, country, room, house, street, area 等 when 在那时 时间状语 time, day, year, month, moment, occasion, period 等 why 为什么，因此 原因状语 reason (几乎唯一) 关系副词 含义 在从句中充当 常见先行词 where 在那里，在那时 地点状语 place, city, country, room, house, street, area 等 when 在那时 时间状语 time, day, year, month, moment, occasion, period 等 1. Where 指代地点 作用： 在定语从句中充当地点状语，相当于 介词 + which (如 in which, at which, on which 等)。 先行词： 通常是表示地点的名词，如 place, city, country, room, house, area, street 等。 结构： 主句 + where + 定语从句 (完整的句子) 例句： This is the town where I grew up. (where = in which; 在从句中作地点状语) = This is the town in which I grew up. 主句： This is the town. 从句： I grew up in the town. The hotel where we stayed last summer was excellent. (where = at which) I visited the museum where the famous painting is displayed. (where = in which) Do you know a shop where I can buy stamps? (where = at which) 2. When - 指代时间 作用： 在定语从句中充当时间状语，相当于 介词 + which (如 in which, at which, on which, during which 等)。 先行词： 通常是表示时间的名词，如 time, day, year, month, week, moment, period, occasion 等。 结构： 主句 + when + 定语从句 (完整的句子) 例句： I'll never forget the day when we first met. (when = on which; 在从句中作时间状语) = I'll never forget the day on which we first met. 主句： I'll never forget the day. 从句： We first met on the day. There was a time when I didn't like coffee. (when = at which / during which) July is the month when the weather is hottest here. (when = in which) Tell me about the moment when you knew you were in love. (when = at which) 3. Why - 指代原因 作用： 在定语从句中充当原因状语，相当于 for which。 先行词： 几乎只有一个：reason。 结构： 主句 (包含 the reason) + why + 定语从句 (完整的句子) 例句： That's the reason why I was late. (why = for which; 在从句中作原因状语) = That's the reason for which I was late. 主句： That's the reason. 从句： I was late for the reason. Do you know the reason why she resigned? (why = for which) I understand the reason why you're upset. (why = for which) 一、定语从句高考真题 2025年高考真题 （2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 近年高考真题 1.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 2.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 3.（2016全国I卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 二、单句语法填空 1．The biggest reason I consider Study Tour is the opportunity to see the world. 2．I’ve missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments we stayed with you. 3．Can you think of other cases human actions take the major blame for the ecological imbalance? 4．In this chapter, cases will be introduced to readers consumers’ complaints have resulted in the changes of the laws. 5．Do you know the reason he was late for school? 6．The movie brings me the hours I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. 7．The reason I’d like to take part in the competition of the Tang poetry recitation is that I want to learn more about Tang poems. 8．That was the day it took six hours to break my soul. 9．“You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason you show up here,” I added with a sincere tone. 10．It was on the platform you stood just now that I found a wallet. 11．I will never forget the day I climbed to the top of the mountain. 12．They’re all situations we could use a little extra patience. 13．There were occasions we made mistakes. 14．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 15．I can think of many cases students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay. 16．Senior family members, especially parents, should create an atmosphere children can be free to express themselves. 17．I still remember the year I graduated from high school. 18．The park where we often go for a walk is a nice place there are many flowers and trees. 19．You enter a strange middle-ground you are no longer a small child but not quite an adult. 20．Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales. 21．We have entered an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. 22．I told him about the many activities I took part. 23．Living abroad may often make us feel lonely as our native land is the place our heart should be. 24．I still remember the day I first went to the Great Wall. 25．I want to know the reason you didn’t keep me informed of the news before. 26．The app does this by monitoring their time the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning. 27．The invention of the wheel can date back to the time early humans first started using tools. 28．The factory we used to work has been closed down. 29．It was the hospital he came across a friend of his. 30．Was it October 1, 1949 the People’s Republic of China was founded? 三、完成句子 31．我开始探索奇妙的珊瑚，那里有各种各样整洁优雅的鱼在游泳。（where引导定语从句） I began to explore the fantastic corals . 32．We explored a historical museum. We learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties there. (用定语从句改写) 33．I don’t believe the reason . 我不相信他迟到的原因。 34．The wonderful days will be forever treasured. We studied together in the days. (用定语从句合并) 35．He wanted to know the reason. I was late for the reason. (用定语从句合并句子) 36．There are moments. I forget all about it then. (用定语从句合并句子) 37．足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。(定语从句) football is my favorite sport. 38．Nanshe Ancient Village has unique scenery. I stayed there with my family last year. (用限制性定语从句合并) (句型转换) → 39．那是一个科技快速发展的时代。 science and technology developed quickly. 40．她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。 She still remembers the day . 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高一上·四川成都·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I hadn’t thought why people had trouble 1 (learn) English until one day my son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. This also made me realize that there is 2 pine nor apple in pineapple. What 3 (make) English a crazy language to learn? For example, while we’re traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in 4 car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. If harmless 5 (action) are the opposite of harmful actions, why are 6 (shame) and shameful behaviors the same? We can say “it’s raining” or “it's snowing”, but we can’t say “it’s sunshining”. Even the 7 (small) words can be confusing, such as the “WHO” in a medical report, “IT” and “US” , which have nothing to do with “who” “it” and “us”. You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 8 a house can burn up as it burns down. The key to your confusion is that English 9 (invent) by people, not computers, and it 10 (reflect) the creativity of the human race. （24-25高一上·浙江湖州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。 The Chinese writing system, 1 dates back to several thousand years ago, is one of the reasons for the 2 (survive) of Chinese civilization. Researchers generally agree that the oldest symbols that are recognizable as Chinese characters are those 3 (find) on ancient oracle bones. These 3000-year-old symbols, known as jiaguwen, 4 (carve) on turtle shells and used to tell fortunes and record events. They give people in modern era insight into how ancient Chinese people saw the world around them and into how they expressed their observations 5 (creative). As people were divided geographically, this well-developed writing system evolved into 6 (variety) dialects and characters. It was not until Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country, 7 the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. This united system has been 8 great importance in connecting Chinese people and culture of the present with those of the past. Thanks to it, no matter when and where you are, people can read and appreciate ancient Chinese 9 (classic). With China continuously playing a greater role in international community, 10 increasing number of foreign students are beginning to have a taste of Chinese characters and culture. 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高一上·四川成都·阶段练习）There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”, I didn’t know what it meant. Realising I didn’t follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged. Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English. 1．When Lily used the word “larder”, she was probably looking for a _________. A．cup B．ladder C．cupboard D．cooker 2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrote down. B．Left behind. C．Looked for. D．Settled down. 3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because _________. A．she thought the game was boring B．she wanted to spend time with her boys C．she didn’t dress her boys in thick clothes D．her boys lost their way 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The British way of using words. B．Some new words the writer’s British friends taught her. C．The reasons why Americans can’t follow the British at times. D．Some words used differently in British English and American English. （24-25高一上·吉林·期末）Understanding ancient languages and texts has been a challenge for researchers for centuries. Now, they are using artificial intelligence (AI) to quickly translate ancient texts and languages like Akkadian into English. “In ancient Mesopotamia, people used clay tablets (粘土板) with special writing to remember and share important information about their history. These tablets provide facts about their society, economy, and science,” a new Oxford report said. “Even though there are many ancient clay tablets, most of the information on them is hard to understand. This is because there are only a small number of people who can read the ancient writing on them.” But using AI to read ancient texts is not as simple as running a picture through a ChatGPT system. “There is only a small amount of data (数据) we could use to train the models; given that, we tried to reach tens of thousands of examples,” said bai Gutherz, who co-authored the report. Akkadian was the common language in the old Middle East and Mesopotamia. People there spoke different languages and used Akkadian to communicate, so it served as a widely spoken and written language at that time. Moreover, along with other ancient languages, it had one of the earliest writing systems. It was considered to play a role comparable to English today. The Oxford report said that the problem about translating these ancient texts is finding a complete tablet, saying that Akkadian is an old language that has been gone for over 2, 000 years. Clay tablets are hardly preserved in their completeness. As a result, machine translation and human translation have a hard time understanding the full meaning without enough background information. The researchers have developed a website to show their technology. They have used a model known as Akkademia to train the collected data. The project aims to do translations for different ancient languages, starting with Akkadian. “We have a lot to learn from ancient history; the first letters and books were written in Akkadian and other ancient languages,” Gutherz said. “I think it’s super interesting to try to make it more accessible (容易理解的) and translate Akkadian into English and other languages that people speak today.” 1．What does the Oxford report state about ancient clay tablets? A．They were created for art expression. B．They draw the attention of many experts. C．They hold valuable untranslated information. D．They are commonly found in household goods. 2．Why is English mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To show the wide use of Akkadian. B．To tell the importance of translation. C．To note its differences from Akkadian. D．To explain the early development of English. 3．What does the underlined word “preserved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Created. B．Changed. C．Thrown. D．protected. 4．What does Gutherz think of the work of translating Akkadian? A．Tiring. B．Risky. C．Meaningful. D．Useless. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Languages Around the World 核心语法精练（定语从句之关系副词） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、定语从句高考真题 3 二、单句语法填空 4 三、完成句子 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 定语从句中的关系副词（Relative Adverbs）是引导定语从句的重要连接词，主要有三个：where, when, why。 核心关系代词及其功能： 关系副词 含义 在从句中充当 常见先行词 where 在那里，在那时 地点状语 place, city, country, room, house, street, area 等 when 在那时 时间状语 time, day, year, month, moment, occasion, period 等 why 为什么，因此 原因状语 reason (几乎唯一) 关系副词 含义 在从句中充当 常见先行词 where 在那里，在那时 地点状语 place, city, country, room, house, street, area 等 when 在那时 时间状语 time, day, year, month, moment, occasion, period 等 1. Where 指代地点 作用： 在定语从句中充当地点状语，相当于 介词 + which (如 in which, at which, on which 等)。 先行词： 通常是表示地点的名词，如 place, city, country, room, house, area, street 等。 结构： 主句 + where + 定语从句 (完整的句子) 例句： This is the town where I grew up. (where = in which; 在从句中作地点状语) = This is the town in which I grew up. 主句： This is the town. 从句： I grew up in the town. The hotel where we stayed last summer was excellent. (where = at which) I visited the museum where the famous painting is displayed. (where = in which) Do you know a shop where I can buy stamps? (where = at which) 2. When - 指代时间 作用： 在定语从句中充当时间状语，相当于 介词 + which (如 in which, at which, on which, during which 等)。 先行词： 通常是表示时间的名词，如 time, day, year, month, week, moment, period, occasion 等。 结构： 主句 + when + 定语从句 (完整的句子) 例句： I'll never forget the day when we first met. (when = on which; 在从句中作时间状语) = I'll never forget the day on which we first met. 主句： I'll never forget the day. 从句： We first met on the day. There was a time when I didn't like coffee. (when = at which / during which) July is the month when the weather is hottest here. (when = in which) Tell me about the moment when you knew you were in love. (when = at which) 3. Why - 指代原因 作用： 在定语从句中充当原因状语，相当于 for which。 先行词： 几乎只有一个：reason。 结构： 主句 (包含 the reason) + why + 定语从句 (完整的句子) 例句： That's the reason why I was late. (why = for which; 在从句中作原因状语) = That's the reason for which I was late. 主句： That's the reason. 从句： I was late for the reason. Do you know the reason why she resigned? (why = for which) I understand the reason why you're upset. (why = for which) 一、定语从句高考真题 2025年高考真题 （2025年全国二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 答案：where。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 近年高考真题 1.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 答案：where。 解析：考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2.（2020全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 2. where 【解析】句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 3.（2016全国I卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 答案：when 解析：考查定语从句。划线处后面I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.是一个完整的句子，且先行词he mid-1980s，故答案为when。 二、单句语法填空 1．The biggest reason I consider Study Tour is the opportunity to see the world. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我考虑游学的最大原因是有机会看看世界。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，所以应填关系副词why。故填why。 2．I’ve missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments we stayed with you. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常想念你，想念我们和你在一起的那些快乐时光。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词moments，先行词指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．Can you think of other cases human actions take the major blame for the ecological imbalance? 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能想到其他人类行为对生态失衡负主要责任的情况吗？空处引导定语从句，先行词cases，指物，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 4．In this chapter, cases will be introduced to readers consumers’ complaints have resulted in the changes of the laws. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：本章将向读者介绍一些案例，在这些案例中，消费者的投诉导致了法令的变更。空处引导定语从句，先行词是cases，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．Do you know the reason he was late for school? 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the reason，在从句中作原因状语，因此用关系副词why引导从句。故填why。 6．The movie brings me the hours I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影让我回想起小时候和朋友们在社区公园玩耍的时光，那时我们无忧无虑地笑着。分析句子结构可知，“_____ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park”为定语从句，修饰先行词“the hours”，先行词是一个表示时间的名词短语，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以应该用关系副词“when”来引导该定语从句。故填when。 7．The reason I’d like to take part in the competition of the Tang poetry recitation is that I want to learn more about Tang poems. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想参加唐诗朗诵比赛的原因是我想更多地了解唐诗。空处引导定语从句“ I’d like to take part in the competition of the Tang poetry recitation”，先行词为The reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。 8．That was the day it took six hours to break my soul.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】when/on which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：就是在那一天，我花了六个小时来摧毁我的灵魂。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，在此句中，“the day”是先行词，后面的“it took six hours to break my soul”是定语从句，修饰“the day”。从句中缺少时间状语，即“在那一天”，所以可以用关系副词“when 或者“介词 + 关系代词”结构“on which”来引导定语从句。故填when/on which。 9．“You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason you show up here,” I added with a sincere tone. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“在这次活动之前你做了充分的准备，这就是你出现在这里的最重要原因。” 我语气诚恳地补充道。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，且在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导该从句。故填why。 10．It was on the platform you stood just now that I found a wallet. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我就是在你刚才站的那个站台上捡到一个钱包的。此处需要使用关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此需使用关系副词where。故填where。 11．I will never forget the day I climbed to the top of the mountain. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我爬上山顶的那一天。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 the day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，指代爬上山顶的时间，应用关系副词 when引导。故填when。 12．They’re all situations we could use a little extra patience. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这些情况下，我们都需要多一点耐心。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为situations表示抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。 13．There were occasions we made mistakes. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们都有犯错的时候。定语从句修饰先行词occasions，关系词在从句作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 14．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我花一天时间和孩子们在一起的机会是非常罕见的。分析句子可知，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为occasion，表示时间，且先行词在从句中做状语，故用关系副词when来引导定语从句。故填when。 15．I can think of many cases students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我能想到很多情况，学生知道很多单词，但写不出一篇好文章。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为cases，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 16．Senior family members, especially parents, should create an atmosphere children can be free to express themselves. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：家中的长辈，尤其是父母，应该营造一种孩子们可以自由表达自己的氛围。“ children can be free to express themselves”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，表示“在这种氛围中”，是模糊地点，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 17．I still remember the year I graduated from high school. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我高中毕业的那一年。空处引导定语从句，先行词the year，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 18．The park where we often go for a walk is a nice place there are many flowers and trees. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们经常去散步的公园是一个有许多花草树木的好地方。空处引导定语从句，先行词a nice place，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 19．You enter a strange middle-ground you are no longer a small child but not quite an adult. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你进入了一个奇怪的中间地带，你不再是一个小孩子，但也不完全是一个成年人。此处为定语从句，先行词middle-ground(中间地带)在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导限制性定语从句。故填where。 20．Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：销售总监是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样重要的职位。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a position。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 21．We have entered an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能成真的时代。根据空前谓语动词have entered和空后谓语动词have可知，空格处应为关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“age”，且在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 22．I told him about the many activities I took part. 【答案】in which/where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我告诉他我参加过的许多活动。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为activities“活动”，为抽象地点，应用关系副词where或“介词+which”。take part in意为“参加”，此处介词应用in。故填in which/where。 23．Living abroad may often make us feel lonely as our native land is the place our heart should be. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：生活在国外可能经常让我们感到孤独，因为我们的祖国是我们的心应该在的地方。定语从句修饰先行词place，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 24．I still remember the day I first went to the Great Wall. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得我第一次去长城的那一天。空处引导定语从句，先行词the day，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 25．I want to know the reason you didn’t keep me informed of the news before. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想知道你之前为什么不让我知道这个消息。空处引导定语从句，先行词the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。 26．The app does this by monitoring their time the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该应用程序通过监测用户睡觉的时间来实现这一点，这意味着每天早上醒来时你会感觉不那么困了。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词time，先行词指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 27．The invention of the wheel can date back to the time early humans first started using tools. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：轮子的发明可以追溯到早期人类第一次开始使用工具的时候。先行词为the time,在定语从句中作时间状语，关系副词为when。故填when。 28．The factory we used to work has been closed down. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们过去工作的那家工厂已经关闭了。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为The factory，从句有主语，不缺少宾语，应填关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 29．It was the hospital he came across a friend of his. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他在那家医院遇到了一个朋友。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the hospital，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 30．Was it October 1, 1949 the People’s Republic of China was founded? 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：是1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立的吗？空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“October 1, 1949”，且在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 三、完成句子 31．我开始探索奇妙的珊瑚，那里有各种各样整洁优雅的鱼在游泳。（where引导定语从句） I began to explore the fantastic corals . 【答案】where all kinds of neat and elegant fish were swimming 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“各种各样整洁优雅的鱼”用all kinds of neat and elegant fish；表示“游泳”用动词swim，结合began可知，“在游泳”表述在过去某个时刻正在发生的动作，使用过去进行时，“各种各样整洁优雅的鱼在游泳”翻译为all kinds of neat and elegant fish were swimming；“在（珊瑚）那里有各种各样整洁优雅的鱼在游泳”表达为定语从句，关系词指代先行词the fantastic corals，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where all kinds of neat and elegant fish were swimming。 32．We explored a historical museum. We learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties there. (用定语从句改写) 【答案】We explored a historical museum where we learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties. / We explored a historical museum in which we learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们参观了一个历史博物馆，在那里我们了解了古代文物和中国朝代。两个句子的共同部分是“a historical museum”，可将其作为先行词，因其在定语从句中作地点状语，所以可用关系副词where或“介词 + 关系代词”即in which引导定语从句来进行改写，说明“了解古代文物和中国朝代”的地点是“历史博物馆”。故改写为：We explored a historical museum where/in which we learned about ancient objects and Chinese dynasties. 33．I don’t believe the reason . 我不相信他迟到的原因。 【答案】why he came late 【详解】考查定语从句。“他迟到”处理为修饰the reason的从句，从句主语为he，表示“迟到”应用come late，结合语境可知，从句描述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时；the reason为先行词，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why he came late。 34．The wonderful days will be forever treasured. We studied together in the days. (用定语从句合并) 【答案】The wonderful days when we studied together will be forever treasured./The wonderful days in which we studied together will be forever treasured. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些美好的日子将永远被珍藏。在那些日子里我们一起学习。先行词是days，关系词指代先行词可以在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导，或者用in which引导。故填The wonderful days when/in which we studied together will be forever treasured。 35．He wanted to know the reason. I was late for the reason. (用定语从句合并句子) 【答案】He wanted to know the reason why/for which I was late. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他想知道原因。我迟到是因为这个原因。根据要求，用定语从句合并句子，可以把第一个句子看成主句，第二个句子为定语从句，the reason是先行词，关系词替代先行词，且在从句中作原因状语，也可以用why引导该从句，替换后句中的 for the reason，合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句：He wanted to know the reason why I was late。关系副词why用在定语从句中作原因状语，也可以用for which替代why，即“介词 + which”引导该定语从句。故答案为：He wanted to know the reason why/for which I was late. 36．There are moments. I forget all about it then. (用定语从句合并句子) 【答案】There are moments when I forget all about it. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有这样的时刻。那时我就把它全忘了。根据题目要求，用定语从句合并句子，可以把第一个句子看作主句，第二个句子用作定语从句，先行词为moments，关系词替代先行词，且在定语从句中作时间状语，因此使用关系副词when引导定语从句，替代后文的then。故答案为：There are moments when I forget all about it. 37．足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。(定语从句) football is my favorite sport. 【答案】There are many reasons why 【详解】考查there be句型和定语从句。“有”使用there be句型，“很多”使用形容词many作定语，“原因”使用名词复数reasons，作主语，“足球是我最喜欢的运动的”译为一个定语从句，修饰reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用关系副词why引导，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are，故填There are many reasons why。 38．Nanshe Ancient Village has unique scenery. I stayed there with my family last year. (用限制性定语从句合并) (句型转换) → 【答案】Nanshe Ancient Village where I stayed with my family last year has unique scenery. 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年我和家人一起住的南社古村景色独特。原句中，第二句的there指代第一句的Nanshe Ancient Village，作地点状语，所以可用Nanshe Ancient Village作先行词，将第二句改为where引导的定语从句。故答案为：Nanshe Ancient Village where I stayed with my family last year has unique scenery. 39．那是一个科技快速发展的时代。 science and technology developed quickly. 【答案】It was a time when 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。事情已发生，时态用一般过去时，固定句型It was a time when…(这/那是一个……的时期)，后引导限制性定语从句。故填It was a time when。 40．她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。 She still remembers the day . 【答案】on which (＝when) she won the prize 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。此处为定语从句修饰先行词day，关系词替代先行词在从句作时间状语，可用关系副词when引导；或用“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句，表示在某一天应用介词on，作介词宾语，先行词指物，应用关系代词which；从句主语为she，表示“获奖”短语为win the prize，发生在过去用一般过去时。故填on which (＝when) she won the prize。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高一上·四川成都·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I hadn’t thought why people had trouble 1 (learn) English until one day my son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. This also made me realize that there is 2 pine nor apple in pineapple. What 3 (make) English a crazy language to learn? For example, while we’re traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in 4 car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. If harmless 5 (action) are the opposite of harmful actions, why are 6 (shame) and shameful behaviors the same? We can say “it’s raining” or “it's snowing”, but we can’t say “it’s sunshining”. Even the 7 (small) words can be confusing, such as the “WHO” in a medical report, “IT” and “US” , which have nothing to do with “who” “it” and “us”. You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 8 a house can burn up as it burns down. The key to your confusion is that English 9 (invent) by people, not computers, and it 10 (reflect) the creativity of the human race. 【答案】 1．learning 2．neither 3．makes 4．a 5．actions 6．shameless 7．smallest 8．which 9．was invented 10．reflects 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过列举一些英语中令人困惑的词汇和表达，探讨了英语为何是一门让人觉得“疯狂”的语言，指出英语是由人创造的，反映了人类的创造力。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：我从未想过为什么人们在学习英语上会有困难，直到有一天我的儿子问我汉堡包里是否有火腿。固定短语have trouble doing sth意为“做某事有困难”，此处应用动词-ing形式。故填learning。 2．考查连词。句意：这也让我意识到菠萝里既没有松树也没有苹果。固定搭配neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。故填neither。 3．考查动词时态。句意：是什么让英语成为一门学起来很疯狂的语言呢？此处what作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，且句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，所以make要用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 4．考查冠词。句意：例如，当我们旅行时，我们在海上会晕船，在空中会晕机，在车里会晕车，但当我们回到家时却不会想家。此处泛指“一辆车”，car是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．考查名词复数。句意：如果无害的行为是有害行为的对立面，为什么无耻的行为和可耻的行为是一样的呢？根据空后的are可知，主语应用复数形式，action是可数名词，应用复数形式。故填actions。 6．考查形容词。句意：同上。根据空后的“and shameful behaviors(无耻的行为)”以及“the same(相同)”可知，此处应填与 shameful含义相近的形容词，shame的形容词形式有shameful(可耻的)和shameless(无耻的)，两者含义相近，故填shameless。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：甚至最小的单词也可能会让人困惑，比如医学报告中的“WHO”，“IT”和“US”，它们与“who”“it”和“us”毫无关系。根据下文“such as the “WHO” in a medical report, “IT” and “US”(比如医学报告中的“WHO”，“IT”和“US”)”可知，此处表示 “最小的”，应用形容词的最高级形式。故填smallest。 8．考查定语从句。句意：你也不得不惊叹于一门语言的独特“疯狂”之处，在这门语言中，一所房子既可以说“burn up(烧毁)”，也可以说“burn down(烧毁)”。这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是a language，指物，关系词在从句中作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 9．考查动词语态。句意：你感到困惑的关键在于英语是由人发明的，而不是由电脑发明的，并且它反映了人类的创造力。English与invent之间是被动关系，且发明英语这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+过去分词”，English是不可数名词，be动词用was。故填was invented。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：同上。空白处在句子中作谓语，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，所以reflect要用第三人称单数形式。故填reflects。 （24-25高一上·浙江湖州·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。 The Chinese writing system, 1 dates back to several thousand years ago, is one of the reasons for the 2 (survive) of Chinese civilization. Researchers generally agree that the oldest symbols that are recognizable as Chinese characters are those 3 (find) on ancient oracle bones. These 3000-year-old symbols, known as jiaguwen, 4 (carve) on turtle shells and used to tell fortunes and record events. They give people in modern era insight into how ancient Chinese people saw the world around them and into how they expressed their observations 5 (creative). As people were divided geographically, this well-developed writing system evolved into 6 (variety) dialects and characters. It was not until Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country, 7 the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. This united system has been 8 great importance in connecting Chinese people and culture of the present with those of the past. Thanks to it, no matter when and where you are, people can read and appreciate ancient Chinese 9 (classic). With China continuously playing a greater role in international community, 10 increasing number of foreign students are beginning to have a taste of Chinese characters and culture. 【答案】 1．which 2．survival 3．found 4．were carved 5．creatively 6．various 7．that 8．of 9．classics 10．an 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国几千年前的汉字书写系统。 1．考查定语从句。句意：几千年前的汉字书写系统是中华文明得以存续的原因之一。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The Chinese writing system，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。 2．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处为介词for的宾语，应用名词，表“生存”，故填survival。 3．考查过去分词。句意：研究人员普遍认为，可以识别为汉字的最古老的符号是在古代甲骨文上发现的那些符号。设空处修饰those，应用非谓语动词，those指代symbols，非谓语动词和symbols之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填found。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这些被称为甲文的符号有3000年的历史，被雕刻在龟壳上，用来占卜和记录事件。设空处为谓语，和主语These 3000-year-old symbols 之间是被动关系，并且描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词是were，故填were carved。 5．考查副词。句意：它们让现代人了解了古代中国人如何看待周围的世界，以及他们如何创造性地表达自己的观察。设空处修饰动词expressed，应用副词作状语，故填creatively。 6．考查形容词。 句意：随着人们在地理上的分裂，这种发达的文字系统演变成各种方言和汉字。设空处修饰名词dialects，应用形容词作定语，故填various。 7．考查强调句。句意：直到秦始皇统一了七个主要国家成为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统才开始朝着一个方向发展。强调句为It is/was+强调部分+that/who+其他，本句是对时间状语进行强调，故填that。 8．考查固定短语。句意：这个统一的系统在连接中国人民和中国文化与过去的联系方面非常重要。Be of importance相当于be important，符合句意，故填of。 9．考查名词。句意：有了它，无论何时何地，人们都可以阅读和欣赏中国古代名著。设空处为宾语，应用名词，可数名词，结合语境应用复数形式，故填classics。 10．考查固定短语。句意：随着中国在国际社会中不断发挥更大的作用，越来越多的外国学生开始领略中国的文字和文化。短语an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”，符合句意，故填an。 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高一上·四川成都·阶段练习）There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”, I didn’t know what it meant. Realising I didn’t follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged. Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English. 1．When Lily used the word “larder”, she was probably looking for a _________. A．cup B．ladder C．cupboard D．cooker 2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrote down. B．Left behind. C．Looked for. D．Settled down. 3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because _________. A．she thought the game was boring B．she wanted to spend time with her boys C．she didn’t dress her boys in thick clothes D．her boys lost their way 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The British way of using words. B．Some new words the writer’s British friends taught her. C．The reasons why Americans can’t follow the British at times. D．Some words used differently in British English and American English. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异，并通过作者与来自伦敦的朋友莉莉以及英国朋友简的交流实例，具体呈现了这些差异在词汇使用上的体现。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”,I didn’t know what it meant.Realising I didn’t follow her,she used another word.I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. (当我来自伦敦的朋友莉莉使用“larder”这个词时，我不知道它是什么意思。意识到我不理解她的意思后，她换了另一个词。我最终知道她是想找个东西来存放一些食物。)”可知，莉莉使用“larder”这个词时是在找能存放食物的东西，所以应是cupboard(橱柜)。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. (她在日记里 了日期和时间，而我在日历上做了标记。)”，“while”表示对比关系，“marked my calendar (在日历上做标记)”意思是记录日期和时间，由此可推测“jotted down”的意思与记录相关，所以应和wrote down同义，意为“写下”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. (上周，她后悔送她的儿子们去看一场清晨的网球比赛，而且他们没有穿羊毛套衫。我认为她的意思是他们没有穿夹克或类似的衣服。)”可知，莉莉后悔送儿子去看比赛是因为儿子们没有穿像羊毛套衫、夹克这类厚衣服，而清晨的天气可能较冷，没穿厚衣服容易受冻。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. (美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异。有些差异非常有趣。)”，可知美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异；根据第三段“Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. (大多数时候，我能理解莉莉的意思。上周，她后悔没让她的孩子们穿上厚衣服去看一场清晨的网球赛。我原以为她是指没让他们带夹克之类的东西。其他时候，我们不得不互相询问。她最近给我讲了一个关于一个愤怒的女人的有趣故事。我很好奇是什么让这位女士如此生气。原来“pissed”在这里是“喝醉”的意思。)”可知，作者通过与莉莉、简的交流事例，详细说明了在词汇使用方面英式英语和美式英语的不同之处。故选D项。 （24-25高一上·吉林·期末）Understanding ancient languages and texts has been a challenge for researchers for centuries. Now, they are using artificial intelligence (AI) to quickly translate ancient texts and languages like Akkadian into English. “In ancient Mesopotamia, people used clay tablets (粘土板) with special writing to remember and share important information about their history. These tablets provide facts about their society, economy, and science,” a new Oxford report said. “Even though there are many ancient clay tablets, most of the information on them is hard to understand. This is because there are only a small number of people who can read the ancient writing on them.” But using AI to read ancient texts is not as simple as running a picture through a ChatGPT system. “There is only a small amount of data (数据) we could use to train the models; given that, we tried to reach tens of thousands of examples,” said bai Gutherz, who co-authored the report. Akkadian was the common language in the old Middle East and Mesopotamia. People there spoke different languages and used Akkadian to communicate, so it served as a widely spoken and written language at that time. Moreover, along with other ancient languages, it had one of the earliest writing systems. It was considered to play a role comparable to English today. The Oxford report said that the problem about translating these ancient texts is finding a complete tablet, saying that Akkadian is an old language that has been gone for over 2, 000 years. Clay tablets are hardly preserved in their completeness. As a result, machine translation and human translation have a hard time understanding the full meaning without enough background information. The researchers have developed a website to show their technology. They have used a model known as Akkademia to train the collected data. The project aims to do translations for different ancient languages, starting with Akkadian. “We have a lot to learn from ancient history; the first letters and books were written in Akkadian and other ancient languages,” Gutherz said. “I think it’s super interesting to try to make it more accessible (容易理解的) and translate Akkadian into English and other languages that people speak today.” 1．What does the Oxford report state about ancient clay tablets? A．They were created for art expression. B．They draw the attention of many experts. C．They hold valuable untranslated information. D．They are commonly found in household goods. 2．Why is English mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To show the wide use of Akkadian. B．To tell the importance of translation. C．To note its differences from Akkadian. D．To explain the early development of English. 3．What does the underlined word “preserved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Created. B．Changed. C．Thrown. D．protected. 4．What does Gutherz think of the work of translating Akkadian? A．Tiring. B．Risky. C．Meaningful. D．Useless. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究者利用AI翻译阿卡德语的古老粘土板文字，克服数据稀缺和保存不完整等难题，让历史知识更易获取。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Even though there are many ancient clay tablets, most of the information on them is hard to understand. This is because there are only a small number of people who can read the ancient writing on them.(尽管有许多古老粘土板，但上面的大部分信息都很难理解。这是因为只有少数人能读懂上面的古代文字)”可推知，粘土板记载了关于古代的社会、经济和科学等方面的信息，但只有少数人能读懂这些古老的文字，因此它们包含有价值的未翻译的信息。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“People there spoke different languages and used Akkadian to communicate, so it served as a widely spoken and written language at that time. Moreover, along with other ancient languages, it had one of the earliest writing systems. It was considered to play a role comparable to English today.(那里的人们说着不同的语言，并使用阿卡德语进行交流，因此它在当时是一种广泛的口语和书面语。此外，和其他古代语言一样，汉语也是最早的文字系统之一。它被认为扮演着与今天的英语相当的角色)”可推知，这里提到英语是为了说明阿卡德语在当时作为一种语言被广泛使用，类似于今天英语的普及程度。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据第五段划线词前文“The Oxford report said that the problem about translating these ancient texts is finding a complete tablet, saying that Akkadian is an old language that has been gone for over 2, 000 years.(牛津大学的报告说，翻译这些古代文本的问题是找到一个完整的石板，并说阿卡德语是一种已经消失了2000多年的古老语言)”及后文“As a result, machine translation and human translation have a hard time understanding the full meaning without enough background information.(因此，如果没有足够的背景信息，机器翻译和人工翻译都很难理解完整的意思)”可知，由于阿卡德语已经消失2000多年了，粘土板很难保持完整，造成文本背景信息缺失，因此机器翻译和人工翻译很难理解其完整含义。preserved此处是指“被保护或保存”的状态，与protected意思相近。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We have a lot to learn from ancient history; the first letters and books were written in Akkadian and other ancient languages,” Gutherz said. “I think it’s super interesting to try to make it more accessible (容易理解的) and translate Akkadian into English and other languages that people speak today.”(“我们有很多东西要从古代历史中学习；最早的信件和书籍是用阿卡德语和其他古代语言写成的，”Gutherz说。“我认为把阿卡德语翻译成英语和其他人们今天说的语言是非常有趣的。”)”可知，Gutherz认为从古代历史中可以学到很多东西，将阿卡德语翻译成英语和其他语言，使之易于理解，能够帮助人们更好地接触和理解古代文明的成果，因此这项翻译工作是“有意义的”。故选C。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$