Unit 4 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures （导学案）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disasters Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案） 【学习目标】 1. 能准确理解限制性定语从句的定义、形式和基本语法功能，并明确认识到它们在修饰和限制句子中的名词或代词时所起的作用。 2. 能熟练掌握限定性关系从句中相对代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as）的用法，包括它们在从句中可充当的成分以及适用的场景。 3. 能根据句子结构和语境，正确选择和运用适当的相对词来构建限制性定语从句。 4. 能使用限制性定语从句来描述与自然灾害有关的人、事或事件，使表达更加具体和生动。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 1.限定性定语从句的定义、构成形式及基本语法功能。 2.关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that, as）在限定性定语从句中的用法，包括其指代对象和在从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语）。 3.根据句子结构和语境，正确选择和使用关系代词构建限定性定语从句。 教学难点 1.准确判断关系代词在限定性定语从句中所充当的句子成分。 2.掌握关系代词 that 和 which 在使用中的特殊情况及区别。 3.在具体语境中灵活运用限定性定语从句描述与自然灾害相关的内容，使表达自然、恰当。 【预习清单】 划出下列句子中的定语。 1. Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. 2. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. 3. Some teenagers are addicted to computer games. 4. The boy there needs a pen. 5. The smiling boy is playing the ball bought by his mother. 6. There is a lot to explore at senior high. 7. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 8. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 我的发现：定语是用来修饰__________的，翻译为__________，反之，如果翻译为_________, 则说明该部分的成分是___________。能做定语的有 ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ，如果是句子做定语，那么这个句子就叫做____________，被修饰的名词就叫做______________。 【学习过程】 1、 导入・情境感知 Task 1: Look and Describe This is a picture of Tangshan earthquake, how can you describe it? Task 2: Analyse and Compare 1.Tangshan earthquake is a terrible natural disaster. as attribute 2.Tangshan earthquake is a terrible natural disaster that destroyed nearly everything in the city. as attribute 二、探究・规则构建 Task 1 Definition 1.What is the attribute? 定语: 修饰 的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。 （可充当定语的主要有 ， ， ， ， ；常译为 ） ：在所修饰词之前的定语 a severe flood ：在所修饰词之后的定语 the houses in the water 2.What is the attributive clause? The man who was trapped under the earthquake ruins is alive. 定语从句：在主从复合句中， 的从句叫做定语从句，一般位于被修饰词 。 3.What is the restrictive relative clause? The man who was trapped under the earthquake ruins is alive. 起到非常严格的 的作用，与先行词之间的关系非常 ，是整个句子不可或缺的重要部分，如果去掉，句意将 ，甚至产生歧义。 Task 2: Observe, Analyse and Find 1.Form of the restrictive relative clause. The number of the people who were killed or badly injured in the earthquake was more than 400,000. 2. Functions of the relative words. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget. 该定语从句中引导定语从句的是关系词 ，它是一个关系 词，代指 ，在从句中充当谓语动词 的 成分。 关系词的作用： ① ② ③ 3. Types of the relative words. ① The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget. 关系词 在从句中充当 成分，相当于一个 词，故叫做关系 ； ②July 28th 1976 is the day when Tangshan earthquake occurred. 关系词 在从句中充当 成分，相当于一个 词，故叫做关系 。 充当主、宾、表、定成分 充当状语成分 4. The restrictive relative clauses introduced by relative pronouns. 先行词是人的限定性定语从句 The doctor who/that lost his life in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador is the person that/ whom/ who/ \ people will always be remembered. ●先行词是 ，在从句中作 ，关系词可用 ; ●先行词是 ，在从句中作 ，关系词可用 或者 ●先行词是 ，在从句中作 ，关系词要用 . Attention: (1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。 Eg. The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John’s brother. (2) 在定语从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,只用whom,不用who。 Eg. The young man to whom you spoke just now is my brother. (3)当先行词是指人的代词：one, those, anyone, everyone, someone, anybody, everybody, somebody, he, they等时，常用who/whom. Eg. The student you should learn from is the one who studies hard. He who does not advance falls backward. 先行词是物的限定性定语从句 The severe flood destroyed the village that/which once stood at the riverbank, swept away the ancient bridge (that/which) the locals had relied on for decades, and left a mess that/which no one had imagined it would be. ●先行词是 ，在从句中作 ，关系词可用 ; ●在从句中作 ，关系词可用 ，或者 ； ●在从句中作 ，关系词可用 。 Attention: 当先行词是物时的两种特殊情况： （一）只用that不用which 1.当先行词为不定代词时（all, everything, nothing, something, anything little, much等） Eg. All that can be done has been done. Everything that he said is wrong. 2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 Eg. The first thing that you should do is to call the police at once. This is the most delicious food (that) I have ever had. 3.当先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 Eg. This is the very novel that I have been searching for. The only thing that I could do is to study for my goal. 4.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Eg. We often talk about the persons and things (that) we remember. （二）只用which不用that 1. 引导非限制性定语从句 Eg. He forgot the meeting, which annoyed everyone. 2. 用于介词之后（介词+which） Eg. This is the factory in which his father works. whose引导的的限定性定语从句 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Workers built shelters for survivors of whom the homes/ the homes of whom had been destroyed. The flood whose impact is still being assessed has forced thousands of people to leave their homes. The flood of which the impact/ the impact of which is still being assessed has forced thousands of people to leave their homes. ●whose 引导定语从句时，先行词既可以是 ，又可以是 ，在从句中作 ，whose后面的名词与先行词之间存在 关系；先行词是人时，whose可用 替换，先行词是物时，whose可用 替换。 as引导的的限定性定语从句 ●We need to prepare for such floods as occurred in the valley last year. ●The rescue team brought the same equipment as was used in the 2019 earthquake relief. ●She is such a volunteer as devotes herself to helping victims in every disaster. ●She is the same person as I mentioned in the rescue. as引导限定性定语从句时，先行词可以是 也可以是 ，在从句中可以作 ，常出现在固定结构 中。 Attention: such... as..., such... that...,the same... as...， the same... that...都可引导限定性定语从句，两者的区别是： such... as..., the same... as...表同类不同物的人或物（泛指） such... that... the same... that...表同类且同物（特指） Eg. We need to prepare for such floods as occurred in 2020. 我们需要为像 2020 年那样的洪水做准备。 The storm caused such damage that left thousands homeless. 这场风暴造成了严重的，使得数千人无家可归的破坏。 The rescue team used the same equipment as in the previous disaster. 救援队使用了与上次灾难中相同类型的设备。 The helicopter is the same that saved us last time returned to the area. 上次救了我们的那架直升机又回到了该地区。 限定性定语从句关系词的确定： Step 1 判断是否为 Step 2 确定 、分清 Step 3 分析 Step 4 确定 Exercise 1. The landslide occurred after the heavy rain blocked the only road to the village. 2. We should help those homes were destroyed in the flood. 3. This is the same rescue team saved many lives in last year’s earthquake. 4. Such supplies are needed in disaster areas should be sent as soon as possible. 5. The volunteers arrived first at the disaster site started searching for survivors immediately. 6. Do you remember the typhoon hit the coastal town three years ago? 7. The emergency shelter we built last month can hold up to 500 people during a storm. 三、实践・应用提升 Task 1: Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or "/". 1. Here are some of the people homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people were asleep. 3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find. 4. Several days later, most of the buildings had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired. 5. The injured boy mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by she was rescued. 7. Is this the young boy saved several other students trapped under buildings? Task 2: Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1.Here are some of the people whose homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people who/that were asleep. 3.The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything that they could find. 4.Several days later, most of the buildings that/which had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired. 5.The injured boy whose mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by whom she was rescued. 7.Is this the young boy who/that saved several other students trapped under buildings? Task 3 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose, or whom. A possible sample: A: What's the rescue worker doing? B: She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. A: Look at the uniform. Who do you think the rescue worker is? B: She must be a medical worker, because she is wearing a uniform that/which has a Red Cross symbol. A: And the baby, is there anything special about the blanket that the baby is wrapped in? B: The baby is wrapped in a light - colored blanket that looks warm. A: So, the rescue worker who is helping the baby is really kind. B: Yeah, I think so, too. 4、 总结・评价反思 关系代词 指代 在限定性定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 主 宾 表 定 可否省略 who √ √ √ 作宾语可省 whom √ √ 可省 which √ √ √ 作宾语可省 that √ √ √ √ √ 作宾语可省 whose √ √ √ 不可省 as √ √ √ √ √ 一般不省 Score each aspect in the assessment form according to your performance and achievement in this period. Things I can do. Scores I can explain the definition of restrictive relative clauses and identify the antecedent（先行词） and relative words in a sentence. 5 4 3 2 1 I can correctly choose relative pronouns (which, that, who, whom, whose, as) based on the antecedent (person or thing) and the sentence components of the attributive clause. 5 4 3 2 1 I can complete exercises such as filling in the blanks and translating sentences with restrictive relative clauses accurately. 5 4 3 2 1 I can use restrictive relative clauses to describe people, things or events related to natural disasters, making the description more specific and vivid. 5 4 3 2 1 五、课后拓展 本节课作业为分层作业，难度有所区别。作业一为必选作业，注重考察对本节语法基础知识的掌握情况，作业二为选做作业，注重考察对本节知识在实际生活中的正确运用。 作业一——必选作业： 1. 用适当的关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that, as）填空，补全下列关于自然灾害的句子。 ① The earthquake ________ struck Sichuan in 2008 caused great loss. ② We should help the people ________ homes were destroyed in the flood. ③This is the rescue team ________ saved hundreds of lives in the landslide. ④Such measures ________ are taken to prevent droughts are very effective. ⑤The reporter ________ we met yesterday wrote a touching story about the disaster victims. ⑥________ was hit by the landslide has been rebuilt with the help of volunteers. ⑦ Those ________ ignore the warning of the coming hurricane may face great danger. ⑧This is the first aid kit ________ contains all the necessary supplies for emergency treatment in disasters. 2. 将下列句子翻译成英语，要求使用限定性定语从句。 ①那场摧毁了村庄的洪水已经退去了。 ②我们要感谢那些在地震中救助伤者的医生。 ③ 这是我见过的最严重的一次台风。 ④志愿者们分发了灾区急需的物资。 ⑤那位在海啸中失去家人的老人得到了社区的帮助。 ⑥ 我们永远不会忘记那些为拯救生命而冒着危险的消防员。 作业二——选做作业： 围绕 “一次自然灾害”（如地震、台风、泥石流等）写一段 80-100 词的短文，描述灾害中的人、物或事件，要求至少使用 5 个不同的限定性定语从句（如描述 “救援人员”“受损建筑”“幸存者” 等）。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Natural Disasters Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案） 【学习目标】 1. 能准确理解限制性定语从句的定义、形式和基本语法功能，并明确认识到它们在修饰和限制句子中的名词或代词时所起的作用。 2. 能熟练掌握限定性关系从句中相对代词（that, which, who, whom, whose, as）的用法，包括它们在从句中可充当的成分以及适用的场景。 3. 能根据句子结构和语境，正确选择和运用适当的相对词来构建限制性定语从句。 4. 能使用限制性定语从句来描述与自然灾害有关的人、事或事件，使表达更加具体和生动。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 1.限定性定语从句的定义、构成形式及基本语法功能。 2.关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that, as）在限定性定语从句中的用法，包括其指代对象和在从句中充当的成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语）。 3.根据句子结构和语境，正确选择和使用关系代词构建限定性定语从句。 教学难点 1.准确判断关系代词在限定性定语从句中所充当的句子成分。 2.掌握关系代词 that 和 which 在使用中的特殊情况及区别。 3.在具体语境中灵活运用限定性定语从句描述与自然灾害相关的内容，使表达自然、恰当。 【预习清单】 划出下列句子中的定语。 1. Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. 2. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. 3. Some teenagers are addicted to computer games. 4. The boy there needs a pen. 5. The smiling boy is playing the ball bought by his mother. 6. There is a lot to explore at senior high. 7. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 8. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 我的发现：定语是用来修饰__________的，翻译为__________，反之，如果翻译为_________, 则说明该部分的成分是___________。能做定语的有 ， ， ， ， ， ， ， ，如果是句子做定语，那么这个句子就叫做____________，被修饰的名词就叫做______________。 【答案】 1. Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. 2. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. 3. Some teenagers are addicted to computer games. 4. The boy there needs a pen. 5. The smiling boy is playing the ball bought by his mother. 6. There is a lot to explore at senior high. 7. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 8. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 我的发现：定语是用来修饰_名词或代词_________的，翻译为_“......的”_。能做定语的有 形容词 ， 名词 ， 冠词 ，现在分词 ， 过去分词 ， 动词不定式 ， 数词 ， 句子 ，如果是句子做定语，那么这个句子就叫做__定语从句____，被修饰的名词就叫做____先行词___。 【学习过程】 1、 导入・情境感知 Task 1: Look and Describe This is a picture of Tangshan earthquake, how can you describe it? Task 2: Analyse and Compare 1.Tangshan earthquake is a terrible natural disaster. as attribute 2.Tangshan earthquake is a terrible natural disaster that destroyed nearly everything in the city. as attribute 【答案】 adj. as attribute a sentence the attributive clause as attribute 二、探究・规则构建 Task 1 Definition 1.What is the attribute? 定语: 修饰 的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。 （可充当定语的主要有 ， ， ， ， ；常译为 ） ：在所修饰词之前的定语 a severe flood ：在所修饰词之后的定语 the houses in the water 【答案】 名词或代词 形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子 “……的”） 前置定语 后置定语 2.What is the attributive clause? The man who was trapped under the earthquake ruins is alive. 定语从句：在主从复合句中， 的从句叫做定语从句，一般位于被修饰词 。 【答案】 修饰、限定某一名词或代词 之后 3.What is the restrictive relative clause? The man who was trapped under the earthquake ruins is alive. 起到非常严格的 的作用，与先行词之间的关系非常 ，是整个句子不可或缺的重要部分，如果去掉，句意将 ，甚至产生歧义。 【答案】 修饰、限定 密切 不清楚、不完整 Task 2: Observe, Analyse and Find 1.Form of the restrictive relative clause. The number of the people who were killed or badly injured in the earthquake was more than 400,000. 【答案】 先行词 关系词 定语从句 2. Functions of the relative words. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget. 该定语从句中引导定语从句的是关系词 ，它是一个关系 词，代指 ，在从句中充当谓语动词 的 成分。 关系词的作用： ① ② ③ 【答案】 that 代 a terrible earthquake cannot forget 宾语 ①引导定语从句 ②代指先行词 ③在从句中充当成分 3. Types of the relative words. ① The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget. 关系词 在从句中充当 成分，相当于一个 词，故叫做关系 ； ②July 28th 1976 is the day when Tangshan earthquake occurred. 关系词 在从句中充当 成分，相当于一个 词，故叫做关系 。 充当主、宾、表、定成分 充当状语成分 【答案】 1 that 宾语 代 代词 2 When 时间状语 副 副词 关系代词 关系副词 4. The restrictive relative clauses introduced by relative pronouns. 先行词是人的限定性定语从句 The doctor who/that lost his life in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador is the person that/ whom/ who/ \ people will always be remembered. ●先行词是 ，在从句中作 ，关系词可用 ; ●先行词是 ，在从句中作 ，关系词可用 或者 ●先行词是 ，在从句中作 ，关系词要用 . 【答案】 ● 人 主语 who/that ● 人 宾语 who/that/whom 不填或者省略 ● 人 表语 that Attention: (1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。 Eg. The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John’s brother. (2) 在定语从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,只用whom,不用who。 Eg. The young man to whom you spoke just now is my brother. (3)当先行词是指人的代词：one, those, anyone, everyone, someone, anybody, everybody, somebody, he, they等时，常用who/whom. Eg. The student you should learn from is the one who studies hard. He who does not advance falls backward. 先行词是物的限定性定语从句 The severe flood destroyed the village that/which once stood at the riverbank, swept away the ancient bridge (that/which) the locals had relied on for decades, and left a mess that/which no one had imagined it would be. ●先行词是 ，在从句中作 ，关系词可用 ; ●在从句中作 ，关系词可用 ，或者 ； ●在从句中作 ，关系词可用 。 【答案】 ● 物 主语 that/which ● 宾语 that/which 不填或省略 ● 表语 that/which Attention: 当先行词是物时的两种特殊情况： （一）只用that不用which 1.当先行词为不定代词时（all, everything, nothing, something, anything little, much等） Eg. All that can be done has been done. Everything that he said is wrong. 2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 Eg. The first thing that you should do is to call the police at once. This is the most delicious food (that) I have ever had. 3.当先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。 Eg. This is the very novel that I have been searching for. The only thing that I could do is to study for my goal. 4.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Eg. We often talk about the persons and things (that) we remember. （二）只用which不用that 1. 引导非限制性定语从句 Eg. He forgot the meeting, which annoyed everyone. 2. 用于介词之后（介词+which） Eg. This is the factory in which his father works. whose引导的的限定性定语从句 Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Workers built shelters for survivors of whom the homes/ the homes of whom had been destroyed. The flood whose impact is still being assessed has forced thousands of people to leave their homes. The flood of which the impact/ the impact of which is still being assessed has forced thousands of people to leave their homes. ●whose 引导定语从句时，先行词既可以是 ，又可以是 ，在从句中作 ，whose后面的名词与先行词之间存在 关系；先行词是人时，whose可用 替换，先行词是物时，whose可用 替换。 【答案】 ● 人 物 定语 所属或从属 of whom the+n./ the +n. of whom of which the+n./ the +n. of which as引导的的限定性定语从句 ●We need to prepare for such floods as occurred in the valley last year. ●The rescue team brought the same equipment as was used in the 2019 earthquake relief. ●She is such a volunteer as devotes herself to helping victims in every disaster. ●She is the same person as I mentioned in the rescue. as引导限定性定语从句时，先行词可以是 也可以是 ，在从句中可以作 ，常出现在固定结构 中。 【答案】 物 人 主语、宾语或表语 such...as... the same... as... Attention: such... as..., such... that...,the same... as...， the same... that...都可引导限定性定语从句，两者的区别是： such... as..., the same... as...表同类不同物的人或物（泛指） such... that... the same... that...表同类且同物（特指） Eg. We need to prepare for such floods as occurred in 2020. 我们需要为像 2020 年那样的洪水做准备。 The storm caused such damage that left thousands homeless. 这场风暴造成了严重的，使得数千人无家可归的破坏。 The rescue team used the same equipment as in the previous disaster. 救援队使用了与上次灾难中相同类型的设备。 The helicopter is the same that saved us last time returned to the area. 上次救了我们的那架直升机又回到了该地区。 限定性定语从句关系词的确定： Step 1 判断是否为 Step 2 确定 、分清 Step 3 分析 Step 4 确定 【答案】 限定性定语从句 先行词 是人还是物 从句的句子成分 关系词 Exercise 1. The landslide occurred after the heavy rain blocked the only road to the village. 2. We should help those homes were destroyed in the flood. 3. This is the same rescue team saved many lives in last year’s earthquake. 4. Such supplies are needed in disaster areas should be sent as soon as possible. 5. The volunteers arrived first at the disaster site started searching for survivors immediately. 6. Do you remember the typhoon hit the coastal town three years ago? 7. The emergency shelter we built last month can hold up to 500 people during a storm. 【答案】 1.that/which 2.whose 3. that 4. as 5. who/that 6. that/which 7. that/which 三、实践・应用提升 Task 1: Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or "/". 1. Here are some of the people homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people were asleep. 3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find. 4. Several days later, most of the buildings had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired. 5. The injured boy mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by she was rescued. 7. Is this the young boy saved several other students trapped under buildings? 【答案】 1. whose 2. who/that 3. that/\ 4. that/which 5. whose 6. whom 7.who/that Task 2: Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1.Here are some of the people whose homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people who/that were asleep. 3.The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything that they could find. 4.Several days later, most of the buildings that/which had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired. 5.The injured boy whose mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital. 6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by whom she was rescued. 7.Is this the young boy who/that saved several other students trapped under buildings? 【答案】 1.几天后，大多数在飓风中受损的建筑物都被修复了。 2.建筑物剧烈的晃动惊醒了所有正在睡觉的人。 3.第二天，人们用他们能找到的任何东西在露天搭建了避难所。 4.几天后，大多数在飓风中受损的建筑物都被修复了。 5.那个在灾难中失去母亲的受伤男孩被送往了医院。 6.这位女士给救了她的那位士兵写了一封感谢信。 7.这就是那个救了几名被困在建筑物下的学生的小男孩吗？ Task 3 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that, which, who, whose, or whom. A possible sample: A: What's the rescue worker doing? B: She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. A: Look at the uniform. Who do you think the rescue worker is? B: She must be a medical worker, because she is wearing a uniform that/which has a Red Cross symbol. A: And the baby, is there anything special about the blanket that the baby is wrapped in? B: The baby is wrapped in a light - colored blanket that looks warm. A: So, the rescue worker who is helping the baby is really kind. B: Yeah, I think so, too. 4、 总结・评价反思 关系代词 指代 在限定性定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 主 宾 表 定 可否省略 who √ √ √ 作宾语可省 whom √ √ 可省 which √ √ √ 作宾语可省 that √ √ √ √ √ 作宾语可省 whose √ √ √ 不可省 as √ √ √ √ √ 一般不省 Score each aspect in the assessment form according to your performance and achievement in this period. Things I can do. Scores I can explain the definition of restrictive relative clauses and identify the antecedent（先行词） and relative words in a sentence. 5 4 3 2 1 I can correctly choose relative pronouns (which, that, who, whom, whose, as) based on the antecedent (person or thing) and the sentence components of the attributive clause. 5 4 3 2 1 I can complete exercises such as filling in the blanks and translating sentences with restrictive relative clauses accurately. 5 4 3 2 1 I can use restrictive relative clauses to describe people, things or events related to natural disasters, making the description more specific and vivid. 5 4 3 2 1 五、课后拓展 本节课作业为分层作业，难度有所区别。作业一为必选作业，注重考察对本节语法基础知识的掌握情况，作业二为选做作业，注重考察对本节知识在实际生活中的正确运用。 作业一——必选作业： 1. 用适当的关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that, as）填空，补全下列关于自然灾害的句子。 ① The earthquake ________ struck Sichuan in 2008 caused great loss. ② We should help the people ________ homes were destroyed in the flood. ③This is the rescue team ________ saved hundreds of lives in the landslide. ④Such measures ________ are taken to prevent droughts are very effective. ⑤The reporter ________ we met yesterday wrote a touching story about the disaster victims. ⑥________ was hit by the landslide has been rebuilt with the help of volunteers. ⑦ Those ________ ignore the warning of the coming hurricane may face great danger. ⑧This is the first aid kit ________ contains all the necessary supplies for emergency treatment in disasters. 【答案】 which/that whose that/which as who/that/whom what who that/which 2. 将下列句子翻译成英语，要求使用限定性定语从句。 ①那场摧毁了村庄的洪水已经退去了。 ②我们要感谢那些在地震中救助伤者的医生。 ③ 这是我见过的最严重的一次台风。 ④志愿者们分发了灾区急需的物资。 ⑤那位在海啸中失去家人的老人得到了社区的帮助。 ⑥ 我们永远不会忘记那些为拯救生命而冒着危险的消防员。 【答案】  1.The flood which/that destroyed the village has receded. 2.We should thank the doctors who/that helped the injured in the earthquake. 3.This is the most severe typhoon (that) I have ever seen. 4.The volunteers distributed the supplies which/that were urgently needed in the disaster area. 5.The old man who/that lost his family in the tsunami received help from the community. 6.We will never forget the firefighters who/that risked  作业二——选做作业： 围绕 “一次自然灾害”（如地震、台风、泥石流等）写一段 80-100 词的短文，描述灾害中的人、物或事件，要求至少使用 5 个不同的限定性定语从句（如描述 “救援人员”“受损建筑”“幸存者” 等）。 A possible sample Last year, a severe earthquake struck the small town that I once visited. The shaking destroyed the school which had educated generations of children. Doctors who rushed from nearby cities treated survivors whose injuries were serious. Volunteers distributed supplies that local families badly needed. We all admired the rescue team that worked day and night to pull people from the ruins. 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$