Unit 5 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Unit 5 Languages Around the World Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案） 【学习目标】 1.能识别由when、where、why及“介词+which”引导的限定性定语从句形式，分析其语法意义（关联时间、地点、原因等语义逻辑）。 2.掌握这类定语从句在语篇中限定先行词、丰富语义细节的基本功能，能判断其对主句表意的补充作用。 3.精准区分关系副词（作状语）与关系代词（作主/宾/定）的用法差异，依据从句成分正确选用引导词。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 1.明晰when、where、why及“prep+which”引导的限定性定语从句结构，掌握“先行词+关系词（副词/介词+代词）+从句”框架。 2.理解这类从句对先行词的限定功能，能分析其补充时间、地点、原因等语义的作用。 3.区分关系副词（作状语）与关系代词（作主/宾/定）的用法，依从句成分选引导词。 教学难点 1.“prep+which”中介词的选择（需结合先行词搭配、动词短语、语义逻辑，易混淆）。 2.抽象先行词（如position、stage）用where引导从句的理解与运用。 3.精准判断关系词在从句中作成分（状语vs主/宾），避免选错引导词。 【预习清单】 判断关系副词/代词，并补全定语从句 1. After graduation, she reached a point in her career ______ she had to choose between two paths. 2. The days ______ we chatted all night are my favorite memories. 3. The reason ______ he explained for missing the meeting wasn’t convincing. 4. In a situation ______ you feel stressed, try meditation first. 5. The period ______ the project must be finished is next month. 6. The factory is the last place ______ he worked before retiring. 7. The reason ______ the plan failed is that no one followed it. 8. The team has reached a stage ______ cooperation decides everything. 【答案】 1.where; 2. when; 3. that/which; 4. where; 5. when; 6. where; 7. why; 8. where 【学习过程】 一、导入 Task 1：Review: What is a restrictive clause?structure? 在复合句中, 修饰某一 _____ 或 _____ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _______ , 定语从句一般放在先行词的_____ , 引导定语从句的词叫做 _______。 【答案】 名词；代词；先行词；后面；关系词 Task 2：Read and Observe There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. (Para.1, L2-3) ...the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. (Para.2, L2-4) Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to... (Para.3, L3-7) Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. (Para.4, L1-2) 归纳基本形式：总结"Noun/Pronoun＋linking word（when/where/why/prep+which…)＋other elements"结构，感知关系词连接先行词和从句、限定语义的功能。 Task 3：Learn Relative Adverbs 引导定语从句的关系副词包括when, where, why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。 二、探究・规则构建 Task 1：识别关系副词引导的从句结构 Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses. What kind of information does each clause communicate? P64 It was a time when people were divided geographically. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 【答案】 引导词：a time; country; reasons; animal bones and shells 关系词：when; where; why; on which Task 2: 归纳关系副词的核心功能 总结关系副词的作用： 1.指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词 2.连接主句和从句 3.在从句中充当句子成分—状语 Eg：I still remember the days when we swam together in the river. 先行词（表示时间） 关系副词（作状语） 定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。 Task 3：区分关系代词与关系副词 表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,关系词在定语从句中作状语时,用关系副词; 若关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,则用关系代词。 缺_____，_____, _____ 选择___________ · 方法： 分析从句句子成分 缺_____，选择____________ 【答案】 主语；宾语；定语；关系代词 状语；关系副词 一、关系副词引导定语从句 1. when 的引导定语从句=介词(at, in, on, during等)+which when 表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语， 其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如 time, day, hour, year 等。 We will never forget the day when we paid a visit to Beijing.（=on which） 我们永远忘不了参观北京的那一天。 It was the year when the World War I broke out .（=in which） 第一次世界大战爆发的那一年。 【注意】当先行词是时间名词时，定语从句看关系词在句中的成分确定，如作状语，则用when 引导；如关系词作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。e.g. Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?（状语） 你还记得我们彻夜聊天的那些日子吗？ Do you remember the days that /which we spent together on the farm?（宾语） 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？ 总结：当先行词指______，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。 【答案】 时间 2. where 的引导定语从句=介词(in, at等)+which where 表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如 place, factory, house, village 等。 I want to know the place where I was born .=in which 我想了解我出生的地方。 The table where she is sitting is a new one.=at which.=at which 她坐的那张桌子是新的。 【注意】① 当先行词是地点名词时，关系词在定语从句作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。e.g. This is the house which /that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. （主语） 这是我爷爷40年前建造的房子。 ② 当position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere 等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若从句中缺少状语，则用where 来引导定语从句。 It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. （状语） 把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。 总结：当先行词指______，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。 【答案】 地点 3. why 的引导定语从句=for+which why 表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词往往是表示理由的名词 reason。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.=for which 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 I know the reason why he said it.=for which 我知道他说这个的原因。 【注意】若先行词 reason 的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 I won’t listen to the reason that /which you have given us.（宾语） 我不会听你提供给我们的那个理由。 总结：当先行词指原因，一般是______,且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用why引导。 【答案】 reason 【即学即练】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 1. Canada is a country _____________ both English and French are spoken. 2. Canada is the country ____________ we visited last year. 3. I can still remember those days _________ I was learning a foreign language. 4. I can still remember those days ______________ I spent with my grandparents. 5. This is the reason _______ he finds Spanish so difficult. 6. The reason _______________ he gave for his lateness was traffic jam. 【答案】 1.where/in which; 2.which/that/省略; 3.when; 4.that/which/省略; 5.why; 6.that/which/省略 二、介词选择的核心原则 “一先"，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。 “二动"，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 “三意义"，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。 技巧点拨: 介词＋关系代词引导定语从句时，如先行词是人，关系代词只能为whom。如先行词是物，关系代词只能为which。 介词的确定 1.根据先行词的搭配关系： 1) I still remember the day _______ _______ I met TFboys.(on the day 在那天) I still remember the day. I met TFboys on the day. 2) I will never forget the farm _______ ______ I worked with you. (on the farm 在农场) I will never forget the farm. I worked with you on the farm. 3) The money _______ _______ you were to buy food is gone. (with the money 用钱) The money is gone. You were to buy food with money. 【答案】 1) on which; 2) on which; 3) with which ②根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯 1) Do you like the book _______ _______ she spent $10?(spend on sth) 2) Do you like the book _______ _______ she paid $10?(pay for) 3) The West Lake, _______ _______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.(famous for) 【答案】 1) on which; 2) for which; 3) for which ③根据句子的意思来确定 1) Air, _________ which man can’t live, is really important. 空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。 2) This is the man _______ whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。 【答案】 1) without; 2) with 【即学即练】用介词＋关系代词填空。 1. Who is the person _______ _______ you just shook hands? 2. China is a powerful country, _______ _______ we are proud. 3. This is the tree _______ _______ we used to play games. 4. This is my glasses, _______ _______ I can’t see clearly. 5. Do you remember the day _______ _______ you joined our club? 【答案】 1.with whom; 2.of which; 3.under which; 4.without which; 5.on which 三、实践・应用提升 Task 1: Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. P64 When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _______________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place _______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal ___________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _______________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum! 【答案】 where/in which; when/on which; where; which/that; why Task 2: Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. P64 My best friend, Annie, lives in a town in France 1. __________ scenery is very beautiful. She has a big apartment 2._________ overlooks a river. The school 3.________ she works is very close to her apartment. Annie studied French at university and this is the reason 4.________ she decided to settle down in France. Last summer she invited me to stay with her. I still remember the day 5._______ I arrived at the town. I was totally amazed by its beauty. One day, I met one of Annie’s students 6.___________ is called Sophie. She said she hoped to study in a country 7.________ she could communicate with more native English speakers. We went to a nearby beach 8.__________ there was a music festival. We had great fun. The journey was really wonderful. 【答案】 1.whose; 2.which/that; 3.where; 4.why; 5.when; 6.who/that; 7.where; 8.where 四、总结・评价反思 Learning Objectives Score(1-5) 1. I can understand the form, meanings and functions of Restrictive Relative Clause starting with “when, where, why and prep+which”. 2. I have mastered the basic usage (基本用法) of RRC starting with “when, where, why and prep+which”. 3. I can tell the difference between relative adverbs (关系副词) and relative pronouns (关系代词). 5-完全能；4-基本能；3-不确定；2不太能；1-完全不能 五、课后拓展 本节课作业为分层作业，难度有所区别。作业一注重考察对本节语法基础知识的掌握情况，作业二注重考察对本节知识在实际生活中的正确运用。 作业一： I.对比填空(每空一词)。 1．①This is the factory ________ the most expensive cars are made. ②Is this the factory ___________ makes laptop computers? 2．①The old couple will never forget the days ________ they had a summer camp in Australia. ②The volunteers will never forget the days ___________ they spent together in Guangzhou. 3．①Do you know the reason ________ he didn't vote for your party? ②Do you believe the reason ____________ he gave for his spending so much money in a week? 4．①There are two points ____________ we must stick to. ②Their relationship has reached the point ______ they have to divorce. 5．①Jinan is a city ________ there are many well-known springs. ②Jinan is a city ___________ is famous for its famous springs. 【答案】 1.①where; ②that/which; 2.①when; ②that/which; 3.①why; ②that/which; 4.①that/which; ②where; 5.①where; ②that/which 作业二： Write a paragraph of your experiences of learning English. In your writing, you are supposed to include: · how you felt when you started learning English; · problems that you met in learning English; · methods that you used in improving English. · use restrictive relative clauses starting with when, where, why and prep+which. 【答案】 When I started learning English, I found it really interesting and not difficult. I can well remember the first day at school when we had fun doing role play in small groups in English class. As I continued to learn, however, things did not always go quite well. Like many other students, I also had a hard time in English learning when I just entered senior high. The main reason why I felt that words and phrases did not stay in my head was that there were so many things to remember. So senior one was a period when I was really at a loss. Personally, I made use of different methods to improve my English. For example, taking part in the English corner. It is a great place where I could have more chances of communicating with other students and teachers. By doing so, I could put those words and phrases learned into use. Watching films and TV shows in English was another good way in which I could also pick up a lot of useful phrases and expressions. Gradually, I was making progress with my efforts. 1/7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Languages Around the World Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案） 【学习目标】 1.能识别由when、where、why及“介词+which”引导的限定性定语从句形式，分析其语法意义（关联时间、地点、原因等语义逻辑）。 2.掌握这类定语从句在语篇中限定先行词、丰富语义细节的基本功能，能判断其对主句表意的补充作用。 3.精准区分关系副词（作状语）与关系代词（作主/宾/定）的用法差异，依据从句成分正确选用引导词。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 1.明晰when、where、why及“prep+which”引导的限定性定语从句结构，掌握“先行词+关系词（副词/介词+代词）+从句”框架。 2.理解这类从句对先行词的限定功能，能分析其补充时间、地点、原因等语义的作用。 3.区分关系副词（作状语）与关系代词（作主/宾/定）的用法，依从句成分选引导词。 教学难点 1.“prep+which”中介词的选择（需结合先行词搭配、动词短语、语义逻辑，易混淆）。 2.抽象先行词（如position、stage）用where引导从句的理解与运用。 3.精准判断关系词在从句中作成分（状语vs主/宾），避免选错引导词。 【预习清单】 判断关系副词/代词，并补全定语从句 1. After graduation, she reached a point in her career ______ she had to choose between two paths. 2. The days ______ we chatted all night are my favorite memories. 3. The reason ______ he explained for missing the meeting wasn’t convincing. 4. In a situation ______ you feel stressed, try meditation first. 5. The period ______ the project must be finished is next month. 6. The factory is the last place ______ he worked before retiring. 7. The reason ______ the plan failed is that no one followed it. 8. The team has reached a stage ______ cooperation decides everything. 【学习过程】 一、导入 Task 1：Review: What is a restrictive clause?structure? 在复合句中, 修饰某一 _____ 或 _____ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _______ , 定语从句一般放在先行词的_____ , 引导定语从句的词叫做 _______。 Task 2：Read and Observe There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. (Para.1, L2-3) ...the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. (Para.2, L2-4) Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to... (Para.3, L3-7) Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. (Para.4, L1-2) 归纳基本形式：总结"Noun/Pronoun＋linking word（when/where/why/prep+which…)＋other elements"结构，感知关系词连接先行词和从句、限定语义的功能。 Task 3：Learn Relative Adverbs 引导定语从句的关系副词包括when, where, why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。 二、探究・规则构建 Task 1：识别关系副词引导的从句结构 Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses. What kind of information does each clause communicate? P64 It was a time when people were divided geographically. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Task 2: 归纳关系副词的核心功能 总结关系副词的作用： 1.指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词 2.连接主句和从句 3.在从句中充当句子成分—状语 Eg：I still remember the days when we swam together in the river. 先行词（表示时间） 关系副词（作状语） 定语从句 当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。 Task 3：区分关系代词与关系副词 表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,关系词在定语从句中作状语时,用关系副词; 若关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,则用关系代词。 缺_____，_____, _____ 选择___________ · 方法： 分析从句句子成分 缺_____，选择____________ 一、关系副词引导定语从句 1. when 的引导定语从句=介词(at, in, on, during等)+which when 表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语， 其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如 time, day, hour, year 等。 We will never forget the day when we paid a visit to Beijing. 我们永远忘不了参观北京的那一天。 It was the year when the World War I broke out . 第一次世界大战爆发的那一年。 【注意】当先行词是时间名词时，定语从句看关系词在句中的成分确定，如作状语，则用when 引导；如关系词作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。e.g. Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们彻夜聊天的那些日子吗？ Do you remember the days that /which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？ 总结：当先行词指______，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。 2. where 的引导定语从句 where 表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如 place, factory, house, village 等。 I want to know the place where I was born . 我想了解我出生的地方。 The table where she is sitting is a new one.=at which. 她坐的那张桌子是新的。 【注意】① 当先行词是地点名词时，关系词在定语从句作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。e.g. This is the house which /that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. （主语） 这是我爷爷40年前建造的房子。 ② 当position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere 等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若从句中缺少状语，则用where 来引导定语从句。 It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. （状语） 把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。 总结：当先行词指______，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。 3. why 的引导定语从句 why 表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词往往是表示理由的名词 reason。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 I know the reason why he said it. 我知道他说这个的原因。 【注意】若先行词 reason 的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 I won’t listen to the reason that /which you have given us.（宾语） 我不会听你提供给我们的那个理由。 总结：当先行词指原因，一般是______,且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用why引导。 【即学即练】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 1. Canada is a country _____________ both English and French are spoken. 2. Canada is the country ____________ we visited last year. 3. I can still remember those days _________ I was learning a foreign language. 4. I can still remember those days ______________ I spent with my grandparents. 5. This is the reason _______ he finds Spanish so difficult. 6. The reason _______________ he gave for his lateness was traffic jam. 二、介词选择的核心原则 “一先"，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。 “二动"，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 “三意义"，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。 技巧点拨: 介词＋关系代词引导定语从句时，如先行词是人，关系代词只能为whom。如先行词是物，关系代词只能为which。 介词的确定 1.根据先行词的搭配关系： 1) I still remember the day _______ _______ I met TFboys. I still remember the day. I met TFboys on the day. 2) I will never forget the farm _______ ______ I worked with you. I will never forget the farm. I worked with you on the farm. 3) The money _______ _______ you were to buy food is gone.The money is gone. You were to buy food with money. ②根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯 1) Do you like the book _______ _______ she spent $10? 2) Do you like the book _______ _______ she paid $10? 3) The West Lake, _______ _______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. ③根据句子的意思来确定 1) Air, _________ which man can’t live, is really important. 空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。 2) This is the man _______ whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。 【即学即练】用介词＋关系代词填空。 1. Who is the person _______ _______ you just shook hands? 2. China is a powerful country, _______ _______ we are proud. 3. This is the tree _______ _______ we used to play games. 4. This is my glasses, _______ _______ I can’t see clearly. 5. Do you remember the day _______ _______ you joined our club? 三、实践・应用提升 Task 1: Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. P64 When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _______________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place _______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal ___________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _______________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum! Task 2: Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. P64 My best friend, Annie, lives in a town in France 1. __________ scenery is very beautiful. She has a big apartment 2._________ overlooks a river. The school 3.________ she works is very close to her apartment. Annie studied French at university and this is the reason 4.________ she decided to settle down in France. Last summer she invited me to stay with her. I still remember the day 5._______ I arrived at the town. I was totally amazed by its beauty. One day, I met one of Annie’s students 6.___________ is called Sophie. She said she hoped to study in a country 7.________ she could communicate with more native English speakers. We went to a nearby beach 8.__________ there was a music festival. We had great fun. The journey was really wonderful. 四、总结・评价反思 Learning Objectives Score(1-5) 1. I can understand the form, meanings and functions of Restrictive Relative Clause starting with “when, where, why and prep+which”. 2. I have mastered the basic usage (基本用法) of RRC starting with “when, where, why and prep+which”. 3. I can tell the difference between relative adverbs (关系副词) and relative pronouns (关系代词). 5-完全能；4-基本能；3-不确定；2不太能；1-完全不能 五、课后拓展 本节课作业为分层作业，难度有所区别。作业一注重考察对本节语法基础知识的掌握情况，作业二注重考察对本节知识在实际生活中的正确运用。 作业一： I.对比填空(每空一词)。 1．①This is the factory ________ the most expensive cars are made. ②Is this the factory ___________ makes laptop computers? 2．①The old couple will never forget the days ________ they had a summer camp in Australia. ②The volunteers will never forget the days ___________ they spent together in Guangzhou. 3．①Do you know the reason ________ he didn't vote for your party? ②Do you believe the reason ____________ he gave for his spending so much money in a week? 4．①There are two points ____________ we must stick to. ②Their relationship has reached the point ______ they have to divorce. 5．①Jinan is a city ________ there are many well-known springs. ②Jinan is a city ___________ is famous for its famous springs. 作业二： Write a paragraph of your experiences of learning English. In your writing, you are supposed to include: · how you felt when you started learning English; · problems that you met in learning English; · methods that you used in improving English. · use restrictive relative clauses starting with when, where, why and prep+which. 1/7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$