第01讲 人教版2019必修全三册词词形转换+重点短语必刷题库（专项训练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第01讲 人教版必修全三册词汇练透 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查必修一词汇 考向02 考查必修二词汇 考向03 考查必修三词汇 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查必修一词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．Additionally, I am o (外向的) and friendly, which enables me to communicate with people easily and make the work in the club smooth. 【答案】outgoing/utgoing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，我性格外向且友好，这使我能轻松与人沟通，让俱乐部的工作顺利进行。此处为形容词，在句中作表语，根据首字母“o”及汉语提示“外向的”，应为形容词outgoing，符合句意。故填outgoing。 2．Making dumplings at New Year's Eve is always an a (事情) with the whole family. 【答案】affair/ffair 【详解】考查名词。句意：在除夕夜包饺子总是需要全家一起参与的活动。根据中英文提示可知用名词affair，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填affair。 3．They can use another key ( 策略) for conflict resolution: listening. 【答案】strategy 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们可以使用另一种用于解决冲突的关键策略：倾听。根据括号中的汉语提示，表示“策略”用名词strategy在句中作宾语；根据前文的another，可知此处表示单数意义。故填strategy。 4．“That would be a very r thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said. 【答案】reasonable/easonable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：“在大城市里这么做倒是很合理，但对像我们这样的小村庄来说，这可能会造成毁灭性的影响。”尼克说道。该词作定语修饰名词thing，需要填形容词。根据单词首字母和句意“合理的”可知，形容词为reasonable。故填reasonable。 5．He is two weeks to me and thus I should call him my elder brother. 【答案】senior 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他比我大两周，因此我应该称他为哥哥。根据下文“I should call him my elder brother”可知，他比我大两周，表示“比……年长”用be senior to，senior是形容词，意为“年长的”。故填senior。 6．Swiftly, we (交换) our contact details, a silent pact of honor formed between us. 【答案】exchanged 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们迅速交换了联系方式，彼此之间形成了一种无声的诚信约定。根据汉语提示“交换”可知，对应的动词为exchange，结合语境“formed（形成）”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，exchange的过去式为exchanged。故填exchanged。 7．My English level got (提升) and I owed my improvement to my former English teacher. 【答案】improved 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我的英语水平得到了提升，我把我的进步归功于我以前的英语老师。谓语动词got在此处用作系动词，该词常用于结构“get + 过去分词”，表示“达到某种状态”，动词 improve和逻辑主语my English是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填 improved。 8．She even explored the (校园) a little after school and took a tour of the library. 【答案】campus 【详解】考查名词。句意：她甚至在放学后稍微逛了一下校园，还参观了图书馆。根据汉语提示“校园”以及上文定冠词the，可知应填名词campus，此处表示特指的校园，用单数形式，在句中作动词explored的宾语。故填campus。 9．‌“The view from the mountaintop was (令人惊奇的); I had never seen anything like it before.” 【答案】amazing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：山顶的景色令人惊奇，我以前从未见过这样的景色。“令人惊奇的”作表语，用-ing形容词amazing，描述主语“The view”的特征。故填amazing。 10．The political d (辩论) about the new tax policy lasted for hours, with no clear consensus reached. 【答案】debate/ebate 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于新税收政策的政治辩论持续了数小时，却未能达成明确的共识。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“辩论”应用debate，为可数名词，再由语境可知，这里特指“那一场辩论”，所以应用单数形式作主语。故填debate。 11．The ancient d (王朝) that ruled for centuries left a lasting impact on the country’s culture and traditions. 【答案】dynasty/ynasty 【详解】考查名词。句意：那个统治了几个世纪的古代王朝对这个国家的文化和传统产生了深远的影响。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“王朝”应用dynasty，为可数名词，再由语境可知，这里特指“那一个古代王朝”，应用单数形式作主语。故填dynasty。 12．The news of his sudden d (死亡) left everyone in shock and sadness. 【答案】death/eath 【详解】考查名词。句意：他突然去世的消息让所有人都感到震惊和悲伤。sudden是形容词，表示“突然的”，作定语修饰所填词，所填词要用名词。所填词以d开头而且表示“死亡”，要用death。此处表抽象意义，为不可数名词，故填death。 13．All Olympic a (运动员) gave an inspiring speech before the start of the games, motivating everyone to do their best. 【答案】athletes/thletes 【详解】考查名词。句意：所有奥运会运动员在赛事开始前发表了鼓舞人心的演讲，激励着每个人全力以赴。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“运动员”应用athlete，为可数名词，且由空前All可知，这里应用复数形式作主语。故填athletes。 14．He lived a simple life but was always c (满足的) with what he had. 【答案】contented/ontented 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他过着简朴的生活，但总是对他所拥有的感到满足。根据首字母以及中文提示可知，形容词contented“满足的”符合句意，在句中作表语，故填contented。 15．I have given you s (具体的；明确的) instructions. 【答案】specific/pecific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我已经向你下达了明确的指示。根据汉语提示和首字母s以及空格后的名词instructions可知，空格处应该用形容词specific作定语，修饰下文的名词。故填specific。 16．He likes asking questions, and he is (好奇的) about everything. 【答案】curious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他喜欢问问题，对一切都好奇。根据汉语提示可知用形容词curious，作表语。故填curious。 17．You need to a the glue evenly on both surfaces to ensure a strong bond. 【答案】apply/pply 【详解】考查动词。句意：你需要在两个表面上均匀地涂抹胶水，以确保粘合牢固。根据首字母a可知，本空用动词apply“涂抹”，位于不定式符号to后，所以空处应填动词原形。故填apply。 18．From his (困惑的) look, we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a question to him. 【答案】confused/puzzled 【详解】考查形容词。句意：从他困惑的表情中，我们可以看出他没有料到我们会向他提出这样的问题。空处作定语，修饰名词look，结合汉语提示可知，形容词confused/puzzled符合题意，故填confused/puzzled。 19．Pollution has a great (影响) on air quality. 【答案】effect 【详解】考查名词。句意：污染对空气质量有着很大的影响。空处应用名词，作宾语；effect为名词，表示“影响”，动词短语have an effect on表示“对……有影响”，符合句意。故填effect。 20．Her (决心)never wavered. 【答案】determination/resolution 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的决心从未动摇。“决心”对应的英文名词是determination/resolution，在句中作主语，且为不可数名词，故填determination/resolution。 21．Never give up without a s (奋斗) . 【答案】struggle/truggle 【详解】考查名词。句意：绝不能在没有奋斗的情况下轻易放弃。根据中英文提示可知用名词struggle，作宾语，故填struggle。 22．D being tired, we kept moving forward. 【答案】Despite/espite 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管很累，我们还是继续前进。此处为介词，后接动名词being tired作宾语，根据首字母提示及语境，此处应为介词despite表示“尽管”，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Despite。 23．Both buildings were badly a (影响) by the fire. 【答案】affected/ffected 【详解】考查动词。句意：两栋建筑都受到火灾的严重影响。结合中英文提示可知，affect“影响”，动词，应用过去分词和前面的were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填affected。 24．The thief s into the shop and searched for the valuable necklace. 【答案】slid/lid 【详解】考查动词。句意：小偷溜进商店，搜寻那条贵重的项链。此处为谓语动词，根据首字母提示及语境，此处表示“溜进”，应为动词slide；结合句中searched（过去式）可知，句子时态为一般过去时，slide的过去式为slid，符合句意。故填slid。 25．We were e delighted to hear your good news. 【答案】extremely/xtremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：听到你的好消息，我们非常高兴。此处为副词修饰形容词delighted，根据首字母提示及语境，此处表示“非常”，应为副词extremely，符合句意。故填extremely。 26．What were your first i (印象) of college? 【答案】impressions/mpressions 【详解】考查名词。句意：你对大学的第一印象是什么？此处为名词作主语，根据汉语提示“印象”及首字母“i”可知，应为名词impression，结合谓语动词were可知，主语为复数形式，所以此处使用impression的复数impressions。故填impressions。 27．Feeling e (极度) discouraged, I almost gave up. But I overcame my fear with the support of my teachers and friends. 【答案】extremely/xtremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我感到极度沮丧，几乎要放弃了。但在老师和朋友们的支持下，我克服了恐惧。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母 e 开头且表示“极度”含义的表达为extremely，此处修饰形容词discouraged，应用副词形式。故填extremely。 28．The success or f (失败) of the plan depends on you. 【答案】failure/ailure 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个计划的成败取决于你。名词failure作为“失败”之意，为不可数名词。根据汉语提示及句意，故填failure。 29．Recent years have witnessed the changes in public a (态度) to marriage. 【答案】attitude/ttitude 【详解】考查名词。句意：近年来，公众对于婚姻的看法发生了变化。根据中英文提示可知用名词attitude，作宾语。故填attitude。 30．Does the writer give a clear (描述) of the problem? 【答案】description 【详解】考查名词。句意：作者对这个问题的描述清晰明了吗？根据汉语提示可知用名词description，作宾语，故填description。 31．We stopped our car by the road and took time to a (欣赏) the amazing sunset view. 【答案】admire/dmire；appreciate/ppreciate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们把车停在路边，花时间欣赏令人惊叹的日落美景。“欣赏”为“admire或者appreciate”；to后接动词原形。故填admire/appreciate。 32．I was excited to share all the a (奇遇) I had experienced in Egypt and Greece during the summer holidays. 【答案】adventures/dventures 【详解】考查名词。句意：我很兴奋能分享我暑假在埃及和希腊经历的所有奇遇。adventure表示“奇遇，冒险经历”，为可数名词，由all可知，这里要用复数形式adventures作宾语。故填adventures。 33．We have got two men called Bob Smith working in our company, so it is a bit c (令人困惑的). 【答案】confusing/onfusing 【详解】考查形容词。 句意：我们公司有两个叫鲍勃·史密斯的人在工作，所以有点令人困惑。confusing是形容词，意为“令人困惑的”作表语，故填confusing。 34．Ancient Greek (文明) made significant contributions to philosophy, art, and science.​ 【答案】civilization/civilisation 【详解】考查名词。句意：古希腊文明在哲学、艺术和科学方面做出了重大贡献。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词civilization/civilization“文明”为不可数名词，作主语，满足句意要求。故填civilization/civilisation。 35．I really a it when my friends help me out in difficult times. 【答案】appreciate/ppreciate 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我的朋友们在我困难的时候伸出援手时，我真的很感激他们。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用动词appreciate，作谓语，根据后文help可知为一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用原形。故填appreciate。 36．The government has declared a state of e (紧急情况) following the earthquake. 【答案】emergency/mergency 【详解】考查名词。句意：地震发生后，政府宣布进入紧急状态。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填名词“紧急情况”，其英文为emergency，此处为名词短语a state of emergency，表示“紧急状态”。故填emergency。 37．The old man shared his life (智慧) with the younger generation patiently. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】wisdom/wit/intelligence 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位老人耐心地与年轻一代分享他的人生智慧。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示可知，表示“智慧”可用不可数名词wisdom、wit或intelligence，三者均符合语境。故填wisdom。 38．Researchers have ploughed through 16,000 different pieces of (古典的), rock and jazz music. 【答案】classic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：研究人员研究了16000种不同的古典音乐、摇滚音乐和爵士音乐。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词music，“古典的”的形容词是classic。故填classic。 39．Many of the plants you have r (有规律地) in food and drink have medical elements. 【答案】regularly/egularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：你日常饮食中所包含的许多植物成分都具有一定的药用价值。根据单词首字母以及含义“有规律地”，可知应填副词regularly。故填regularly。 40． (显然), Thando forgot about our meeting today. 【答案】Obviously 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，桑多把我们今天的会议给忘了。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填副词obviously“显然”，作状语，修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Obviously。 41．People were desperately seeking s (庇护) from the gunfire. 【答案】shelter/helter 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们拼命地找地方躲避炮火。根据汉语提示和首字母s以及空格前的seeking可知，空格处应该用名词shelter作宾语。故填shelter。 42．He gained (信心) when he went to senior high school. 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：当他上高中时，他获得了信心。根据汉语提示“信心”及设空处前的动词gained可知，此处应填名词作宾语，confidence为不可数名词，符合句意及语法要求。故填confidence。 43． (实际上), eating habits can vary a lot over the centuries. 【答案】Actually 【详解】考查副词。句意：实际上，几个世纪以来，人们的饮食习惯变化很大。表示“实际上”使用副词actually，作状语修饰整个句子，首字母应大写，故填Actually。 44．She was a woman of unique talent and (决心). 【答案】determination 【详解】考查名词。句意：她是一个有独特才能和决心的女人。根据汉语提示和句意可知是名词determination，作宾语，表示抽象含义，不可数。故填determination。 45．Please confirm the delivery (目的地) before submitting your order. 【答案】destination 【详解】考查名词。句意：提交订单之前请确认收货地址。根据句意及汉语提示词，表示“目的地”可使用英文单词destination，为可数名词，在句中作宾语，根据“submitting your order”可知destination表单数概念。故填destination。 46．My work s is filled with meetings, leaving no time for a quick coffee break. 【答案】schedule/chedule 【详解】考查名词。句意：我的工作日程排满了会议，没有时间快速喝杯咖啡休息一下。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词schedule“日程安排”，作主语，由is可知，应用名词单数形式。故填schedule。 47．The problem is too complex; we need a practical s (解决方案). 【答案】solution/olution 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个问题太复杂了，我们需要一个实际的解决方案。根据句意及中英文提示可知，此处使用名词solution，作宾语，表示“解决方案”。故填solution。 48．He b (呼吸) deeply before jumping into the cold water. 【答案】breathed/reathed 【详解】考查动词。句意：在跳入冰冷的水中之前，他先深深地吸了一口气。根据汉语提示和首字母b可知，空格处应该用breathe作谓语，由句意和下文的before jumping into the cold water可知，描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填breathed。 49．The students felt c (自信的) after practicing spoken English. 【答案】confident/onfident 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在练习英语口语后，学生们感到很自信。根据句意及中英文提示可知，此处使用形容词confident，作表语，修饰主语The students。故填confident。 50．I was lost in the city when a stranger came to my r and gave me directions. 【答案】rescue/escue 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在城里迷路了，这时一个陌生人来帮我，给我指了路。根据首字母r及语境可知，此处使用名词rescue，固定短语“come to one’s rescue”，表示“来营救某人，来帮助某人”。名词rescue作宾语。故填rescue。 2、 单句语法填空50题 1．He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered terrible back pain. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：20年前，当他遭受严重的背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。分析句子可知，设空处应填介词，“suffer from”为固定搭配，意为“遭受……之苦”，此处介词from与动词suffer搭配构成固定短语，在句中引出“遭受”的具体对象。故填from。 2．The fifth mass extinction occurred about 66 million years ago, causing the (die) of the dinosaurs. 【答案】death 【详解】考查名词。句意：第五次大灭绝发生在大约6, 600万年前，导致了恐龙的灭绝。此处作cause的宾语，且被定冠词the修饰，应用die的名词形式death，表示“死亡，永久的灭亡，终结”这一概念，为不可数名词。故填death。 3．There is no doubt that you must have wide vocabulary if you want to learn English well. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：毫无疑问，如果你想学好英语，就必须掌握大量词汇。空后有形容词wide和单数可数名词vocabulary，可知要用冠词。由于vocabulary第一次出现，要用不定冠词表示泛指。wide发音以辅音因素开头，故填a。 4．The report on those figures shows that more basic facilities are demand. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：关于这些数字的报告表明，需要更多的基础设施。由more basic facilities可知，句子表示“关于这些数字的报告表明，需要更多的基础设施”，in demand为固定搭配，意为“需求大”。故填in。 5．As well as expanding renewable energy generation, EU member states (seek) fossil fuels from other nations, such as gas from Qatar and oil from Saudi Arabia. 【答案】are seeking 【详解】考查时态。句意：除了扩大可再生能源发电之外，欧盟成员国还在从其他国家寻求化石燃料，比如从卡塔尔进口天然气，从沙特阿拉伯进口石油。空处为句子的谓语动词，主语EU member states与seek为主动关系，再由语境可知，这里强调当前阶段正在发生的情况，应用现在进行时，主语EU member states是复数，因此be动词用are。故填are seeking。 6．When I watched the Chinese flag rising, my heart was filled with pride and (strong). 【答案】strength 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我看到中国国旗升起时，我的心中充满了自豪和力量。此空与名词pride并列，作介词with的宾语，应用名词。strength意为“力量”，在此作不可数名词，故填strength。 7．A (power) 7.2-magnitude earthquake hit the city, killing at least 200 people. 【答案】powerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一场7.2级的强烈地震袭击了这座城市，造成至少200人死亡。修饰名词earthquake应用power的形容词形式powerful作定语，意为“强烈的，猛烈的，强有力的”。故填powerful。 8．More than fifty students took part in this composition (compete) to compete first prize. 【答案】 competition for 【详解】考查名词和固定短语。句意：五十多名学生参加了这次作文比赛，争夺一等奖。分析句子可知，第一空作took part in的宾语，且前有限定成分this，应用可数名词单数形式，意为“比赛”，满足句意要求。第二个空，为固定短语，“compete for”，意为“为……竞争”，此处表示“为一等奖竞争”，故填入介词“for”。故填①competition②for。 9．New books make half of the library’s collection, attracting many readers this semester. 【答案】up 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：新书占了图书馆藏书的一半，这学期吸引了许多读者。此处为固定短语make up“组成，构成”，满足句意要求。故填up。 10．The rapid development of the tourism leads to a boost in (economy) growth in this area. 【答案】economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：旅游业的快速发展促进该地区的经济增长。设空处修饰名词growth，作定语，表示“经济（上）的”，应用形容词economic。故填economic。 11．She realised she should take control her emotions and not let them control her. 【答案】of   【详解】考查介词。句意：她意识到她应该控制情绪而不是让情绪控制她。 take control of…为固定搭配，意为“控制……”。故填of。 12．I think everyone is happy about this new ( arrange ) for the trip. 【答案】arrangement 【详解】考查名词。句意：我想每个人都对这次旅行的新安排感到高兴。所给词“arrange”是动词，意为“安排”。句中“new”是形容词，其后需要接名词，“arrange”的名词形式是“arrangement”（安排）。又因为前面有“this”（这个）修饰，所以用单数形式“arrangement”。故填arrangement。 13．No matter talkative you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent. 【答案】how 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你多么健谈，总有一些时候保持沉默会更好。引导让步状语从句，修饰形容词talkative，使用no matter how“无论多么”引导从句。故填how。 14．When China’s ancient scientific and technological achievements are mentioned, people will generally refer the Four Great Inventions. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：当提到中国古代的科技成就时，人们通常会提到四大发明。refer to是固定搭配，意为“提到，谈及”，此处表示提到四大发明。故填to。 15．People to shopping online have difficulty in quitting the . (addict) 【答案】 addicted addiction 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：网上购物成瘾的人很难戒掉购物瘾。be addicted to…为固定搭配，意为“对……上瘾”，第一空作后置定语，修饰People，故填addicted；第二空在句中作quitting的宾语，且其前有定冠词the修饰，故应填名词形式，此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填①addicted；②addiction。 16．The child behaved so well at the party that all the people present praised his good (behave). 【答案】behaviour/behavior 【详解】考查名词。句意为：那孩子在聚会上表现得很好，以至于在场所有人都称赞他的良好行为。设空处在句中作praised的宾语，且其前有形容词性物主代词his和形容词good修饰，故应填名词形式，意为“行为”，为不可数名词behaviour或behavior。故填behaviour或behavior。 17．The research reveals that teenagers find it difficult to concentrate their studies after playing mobile games continuously for an hour. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：研究显示，青少年在连续玩手机游戏一个小时后，很难集中精力于学业。concentrate on为固定搭配，意为“集中精力于；专心致志于”。故填on。 18．Talking about fires is (frighten) because no one likes to think about people getting hurt or things getting burned. 【答案】frightening 【详解】考查形容词。句意：谈论火灾是可怕的，因为没有人会喜欢想到有人受伤或东西被烧毁。此处应用形容词作表语。主语是Talking about fires，所以应该用形容词frightening“令人害怕的；可怕的”作表语，修饰事物。故填frightening。 19．The first day of a new school usually causes much (anxious), especially for children. 【答案】anxiety 【详解】考查名词。句意：在新学校的第一天通常会引起许多焦虑，尤其是对孩子们来说。设空处作causes的宾语，应用anxious的名词形式anxiety，为不可数名词，应填anxiety。 20．The possibilities are endless, and I have (confident)in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：可能性是无限的，我相信你有能力对你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家带来改变。用不可数名词confidence作动词have的宾语。故填confidence。 21．The (explore) of new energy sources is of great importance for the future of our planet. 【答案】exploration 【详解】考查名词。句意：新能源的探索对我们星球的未来至关重要。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作主语，使用exploration表“探索”。故填exploration。 22．He booked the ticket advance so he wouldn’t miss the wonderful movie. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：他提前订了票，这样就不会错过这场精彩的电影了。in advance是固定短语，意为“提前”符合句意。故填in。 23．She decided to quit (doubt) herself and pursue her dreams with confidence. 【答案】doubting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：她决定不再怀疑自己，满怀信心地追求自己的梦想。quit doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“停止做某事”，所以此处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填doubting。 24．As a teacher, it is my (responsible) to encourage my students to work hard to achieve their dreams. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名教师，鼓励我的学生努力学习以实现他们的梦想是我的责任。分析句子可知，设空处前有形容词性物主代词my修饰，应填名词作表语，“责任”对应的名词是responsibility，此处表示单数概念。故填responsibility。 25．There’s been a great (improve) in his history and literature this term. 【答案】improvement 【详解】考查名词。句意：这学期他的历史和文学已经有很大的进步。此处为there be句型，设空处在句中作主语，且空前有a和great修饰，应用可数名词单数，意为“改进之处”。故填improvement。 26．Your choice of clothes is a reflection of your (personal). 【答案】personality 【详解】考查名词。句意：你对衣服的选择反映了你的个性。根据空前的介词of和形容词性物主代词your可知，此处应用personal的名词形式personality作介词of的宾语，意为“个性”，为不可数名词。故填personality。 27．In 2005, Oliver established an (organise), which acted as a bridge for foreign people seeking to have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 【答案】organisation 【详解】考查名词。句意：2005年，奥利弗成立了一个组织，该组织为试图增进对中国文化了解的外国人架起了一座桥梁。设空处作动词established的宾语，且被不定冠词an修饰，应用可数名词单数，此处表示“组织”。故填organisation。 28．With everyone’s (unify) efforts, all the people trapped were rescued before noon. 【答案】unified 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在大家的共同努力下，所有被困人员在中午前都获救了。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，unified，表示“统一的；联合的”，unified efforts意为 “共同努力”，符合语境。故填unified。 29．With (determine) and the right approach, I firmly believe that nothing is too difficult to overcome. 【答案】determination 【详解】考查名词。句意：只要有决心和正确的方法，我坚信没有什么是克服不了的。空处和下文approach并列作介词with的宾语，名词determination“决心”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填determination。 30．For downloadable lessons, visit the (office) website of Children’s Theatre. 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如需可下载的课程，请访问儿童剧院的官方网站。此处修饰名词“website”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“office”为名词，意为“办公室”，其形容词形式是official，意为“官方的”，official website表示“官方网站”，符合语境。故填official。 31．Anger seizing me for unknown reasons, I stared angrily into John’s eyes, (challenge) him to argue with me. 【答案】challenging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无名怒火涌上心头，我愤怒地盯着 John 的眼睛，挑战他与我争论。句子谓语为stared，此处需用非谓语动词形式修饰主句动作，表示伴随状态或同时发生的动作。所给词 challenge和其逻辑主语 I之间是主动关系，因此需用现在分词形式表示主动。故填challenging。 32．Currently, (advance) new energy vehicles have entered our lives, helping reduce air pollution. 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：目前，先进的新能源汽车已经走进我们的生活，有助于减少空气污染。修饰名词vehicles，用形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。 33．A torch (手电筒) along with (suit) clothing is essential for walking in the dark. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在黑暗中行走，手电筒和合适的衣服是必不可少的。此处修饰名词“clothing”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“suit”为动词，意为“适合”，其形容词形式是suitable，意为“合适的”，符合语境。故填suitable。 34．The people are working crazily on different (arrange) for the meeting. 【答案】arrangements 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们正在疯狂地为会议做各种安排。本空作on的宾语，应用名词arrangement“安排”，由different修饰，应用复数形式。故填arrangements。 35．He does morning exercises every day to improve his ( fit). 【答案】fitness 【详解】考查名词。句意：他每天都会进行晨练以增强体质。作动词的宾语，用名词fitness，故填fitness。 36．I have no enough (strong) left to move my feet. 【答案】strength 【详解】考查名词。句意：我没有足够的力气挪动我的脚了。提示词作宾语，用名词strength，意为“力气”，不可数名词。故填strength。 37．My first (impress) of her was that she was an outgoing woman.   【答案】impression 【详解】考查名词。句意：我对她的第一印象是她是一个外向的女人。提示词作主语，用可数名词形式impression，意为“印象”，结合系动词was可知，主语是单数形式。故填impression。 38．I have a lot of (solve) to this problem. 【答案】solutions 【详解】考查名词。句意：对于这个问题，我有很多解决办法。根据空格前的动词have可知，空格处应该用名词solution作宾语，solution是可数名词，由a lot of可知，应该用复数形式。故填solutions。 39．The background music created an atmosphere the students could exchange their ideas freely. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：背景音乐营造了一种学生能够自由交流想法的氛围。这里考查定语从句，先行词an atmosphere ，为抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 40．With the changes in climate, dinosaurs disappeared, but many smaller species lived on, which was just the (survive) of the fittest. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：随着世界气候的变化，恐龙灭绝了，但许多较小的动物活了下来，这就是适者生存。空前有the，空格处名词作表语，the survival of the fittest意为“适者生存”。故填survival。 41．You should talk to your friend about his (behave) and tell him should behave (he). 【答案】 behaviour himself 【详解】考查名词和代词。句意：你应该和你的朋友谈谈他的行为举止，告诉他应该注意自己的言行举止。第一空作介词的宾语，用名词behaviour，不可数；第二空为短语behave oneself，表示“表现得得体”，结合前文的him可知用反身代词himself。故填①behaviour；②himself。 42．Jane turned to her teacher for help to find a (solve) to the problem. 【答案】solution 【详解】考查名词。句意：Jane向老师求助，以找到这个问题的解决方案。空格处需要填入一个名词，作为find的宾语，solve的名词为solution，意为“解决方案”。故填solution。 43．We should do some (volunteer) work to help others. 【答案】voluntary/volunteer 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：我们应该做一些自愿的工作来帮助他人。空格处应填入volunteer的形容词来voluntary修饰名词work，意为“自愿的”,voluntary work“自愿的工作”；此处也可理解为“义工”，表达为volunteer work，名词volunteer作定语。故填voluntary/volunteer。 44．I am writing to apply the job as a lawyer in your company. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我写信是为了申请贵公司律师一职。根据语境，这里表达申请公司的律师工作，“apply for”是固定短语，意为“申请”，符合句意。故填for。 45．It’s a fast-growing fish that can grow to a (long) of over 4 feet in its first year. 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是一种生长迅速的鱼，在第一年就可以长到超过 4 英尺的长度。空格处位于不定冠词“a”和介词“of”之间，需用名词形式，long的名词形式为length表示“长度”，a length of为固定搭配，意为“…… 的长度”，符合语境。故填length。 46． (breathe) slowly, she focused on the yoga coach’s instructions. 【答案】Breathing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：她缓缓呼吸，专注于瑜伽教练的指导。she与breathe为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Breathing。 47．The wetlands are home to a large (various) of wildlife. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：湿地是各种野生动物的家园。分析句子可知，此处“a large variety of” 是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。 48．The Four Great Ancient Inventions are the symbol of the (wise) of ancient Chinese people. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：中国古代四大发明是古代中国人民智慧的象征。空格前的定冠词the后需接名词，wise为形容词，意为“明智的”，其名词形式wisdom意为“智慧”作宾语，且为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 49．After the earthquake, many people got (injure) and in urgent need of medical treatment. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：地震过后，许多人受伤了，急需医疗救治。injure(使受伤)与主语people之间是被动关系，用过去分词injured，与系动词got构成被动语态。故填injured。 50．It (strike) him that he could deal with the problem in this way. 【答案】struck 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：他突然想到他可以用这种方法处理这个问题。结合从句中could可知此句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填struck。 考向02 考查必修二词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．All proposals s (提交) via email will receive an automated confirmation. 【答案】submitted/ubmitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有通过电子邮件提交的提案都将收到自动确认。根据中英文提示，“提交”对应的英文动词是 “submit”。分析句子结构，“proposals”（提案）与“submit”之间是被动关系，即“提案被提交”，因此需用过去分词形式“submitted”作后置定语修饰“proposals”。故填submitted。 2．He is very g with his money and always donates to charities. 【答案】generous/enerous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他在金钱上非常慷慨，总是向慈善机构捐款。根据单词首字母以及句意可知，此处应填形容词generous作表语，be generous with为固定搭配，意为“在……方面慷慨”。故填generous。 3．A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea level provide (证据) of a dramatic change in the global climate. 【答案】evidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：海洋和大气变暖，加上冰层融化和海平面上升，为全球气候的剧烈变化提供了证据。根据汉语提示“证据”，以及上文provide可知，此处应填名词作宾语，evidence表示“证据”，为不可数名词。故填evidence。 4．In to (除……外) studying English, she also learns French and Chinese. 【答案】 addition 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：除了学习英语，她还学习法语和汉语。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“除……外”应用in addition to，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填addition。 5．Folk songs are songs made up by (普通的) people like farmers or blacksmiths. 【答案】ordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：民歌是由像农民或铁匠这样的普通人创作的歌曲。根据汉语提示“普通的”以及空后的名词people可知，此处应用形容词ordinary作定语，修饰后面的名词people，ordinary people意为“普通人，老百姓”，符合语境。故填ordinary。 6．Their (利润) have fallen by 30 percent. 【答案】profits 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：他们的利润下降了30%。根据汉语提示“利润”可知，此处需要填入名词profit。根据后文have可知，句子主语应该为复数，profit的复数形式为profits。故填profits。 7． (围绕) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个农场被绿树环绕，位于我们学校附近的山脚下。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语“the farm”与“围绕”之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填Surrounded。 8．You’d better not get yourself (暴露) to the sun so long. It may result in skin diseases. 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：你最好不要让自己长时间暴露在阳光下，这可能会导致皮肤病。根据提示的汉语，表示“暴露”为动词expose，该句为“get +宾语+宾补”结构，表示“使……被……”，逻辑主语yourself与动词expose（暴露）之间是被动关系，应为过去分词exposed作宾补。故填exposed。 9．He i (打算) to finish his project by the end of the month, but due to unforeseen circumstances, he had to extend the deadline. 【答案】intended/ntended 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他原本打算在月底前完成他的项目，但由于一些不可预见的情况，他不得不延长截止日期。“打算”作谓语，根据首字母提示，用动词intend，结合句意和并列分句时态可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，intend用过去式intended。故填intended。 10．This beautiful music can really e (能够，可以) people to calm down. 【答案】enable/nable 【详解】考查动词。句意：这首美妙的音乐确实能让人们平静下来。根据中英文提示可知用动词enable，作谓语，且can后跟动词原形。故填enable。 11．The hunter s (射中) a deer in the forest yesterday, but he lost track of it. 【答案】shot/hot 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：猎人昨天在森林里射中了一只鹿，但后来失去了它的踪迹。在句中作谓语，根据首字母和中文提示可知，动词shoot“射中”复合句意，结合“yesterday”可知应用一般过去时，故填shot。 12．When you are finished typing, remember to save your (文档). 【答案】document 【详解】考查名词。句意：打完字后，记得保存文档。根据汉语提示“文档”可知，用名词document，此处为特指，用单数形式，作save的宾语。故填document。 13．The new film Hello Mom is said to be (改编) from a true story. 【答案】adapted 【详解】考查语态。句意：据说这部新电影《你好，李焕英》是根据一个真实故事改编的。根据汉语提示“改编”可知，此处为动词adapt，主语The new film Hello Mom与动词adapt之间是被动关系，此处应用动词adapt的过去分词形式与be动词构成不定式的被动形式。故填adapted。 14．The best seller, (给……命名) The Anxious Generation, profiles the impact of virtual world on children. 【答案】named 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本畅销书名为《焦虑的一代》，描述了虚拟世界对儿童的影响。根据汉语提示“给…… 命名”以及分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词 profiles，且设空处无连词连接，故需填非谓语动词。主语The best seller与name命名之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填named。 15．He found his son (焦虑的；担心的) about maths and physics. 【答案】concerned 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他发现他的儿子对数学和物理这两门学科很忧虑。根据汉语提示可知用形容词concerned，作宾补。故填concerned。 16．T (以……为目标) a gold medal, he practised day in and day out. 【答案】Targeting/argeting 【详解】考查动词。句意：他以夺金为目标，日复一日地练习。根据中英文提示可知，表示“以……为目标”为动词target，和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，首字母应大写。故填Targeting。 17．The girl’s p (表演) received standing cheer from the audience. 【答案】performance/erformance 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位女孩的表演赢得了观众们的热烈掌声。根据中英文提示可知用名词performance，作主语，可数名词，此处指女孩当时的那场表演，应用单数形式。故填performance。 18．He is one of this country’s top (职业的) sportsmen. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是这个国家最顶尖的职业运动员之一。根据汉语提示“职业的”可知，此处为形容词professional，作定语，修饰名词sportsmen。故填professional。 19．At the same time, we all go through (各种各样的) periods when we feel sad or alone. 【答案】various 【详解】考查形容词。句意：与此同时，我们都会经历不同的时期，当我们感到悲伤或孤独。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“各种各样的”为形容词various作定语修饰periods，满足句意要求。故填various。 20．People set up a lot of （设备）to celebrate the festivals. 【答案】equipment 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们会搭建很多设备来庆祝节日。空处应用名词，作宾语；根据汉语提示，equipment表示设备，为不可数名词。故填equipment。 21．Though Henry was ill, he was still (有能力的) of writing compositions. 【答案】capable 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：亨利虽然病了，但他仍然能写作文。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“有能力的”为capable，作表语，be capable of doing sth.，意为“有能力做某事”。故填capable。 22．A virtual choir helps connect (普通的) people together. 【答案】ordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个虚拟合唱团有助于将普通人紧密联系在一起。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰名词“people”；表示“普通的”为形容词ordinary，符合句意。故填ordinary。 23．I had to go through a two-hour medical (治疗). 【答案】treatment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我不得不接受两个小时的治疗。空处作宾语，名词treatment“治疗”符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填treatment。 24．Moreover, music gave me hope and a sense of (满意). 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，音乐给了我希望和一种满足感。空处应用名词，作宾语；satisfaction为不可数名词，表示“满意、满足”，符合句意。故填satisfaction。 25．To my great satisfaction, the boss thought I was completely qualified for the (职位). 【答案】position/post 【详解】考查名词。句意：令我非常满意的是，老板认为我完全胜任这个职位。空处应用名词，作宾语；position/post表示“职位”，符合句意，此处指“我”申请的那个职位，应用单数形式。故填position/post。 26．The teachers spared no effort to (确保)that all students would be given an equal chance. 【答案】ensure/guarantee 【详解】考查动词。句意：老师们不遗余力地确保所有学生都能获得平等的机会。表示“确保”用动词ensure/guarantee，spare no effort to do“不遗余力做某事”是固定搭配，故空处应填动词原形。故填ensure/guarantee。 27．The boy was (急切的，热切的) to go to the amusement park with his parents. 【答案】eager 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩急切地想和父母一起去游乐园。根据汉语提示“急切的，热切的”可知，空处应用形容词eager，作表语，“be eager to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“急切的想做某事”。故填eager。 28．It is no use crying over the s milk. 【答案】split/plit 【详解】考查非谓语动词词。句意：覆水难收。根据首字母提示及固定搭配，此处为split，表示“泼洒，分裂”，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词milk，两者之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式split；It is no use crying over the split milk为固定谚语，意为“覆水难收”，符合句意。故填split。 29．A to protecting the wildlife, we establish many natural reserves. 【答案】Aiming/iming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护野生动物，我们建立了许多自然保护区。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据首字母提示及语境，此处表示“旨在，目的是”，应为动词aim；aim与句子主语we之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式aiming，且位于句首首字母需大写，符合句意。故填Aiming。 30．The l (风景) of villages often includes traditional farmhouses, winding rivers and ancient trees. 【答案】landscape/andscape 【详解】考查名词。句意：村庄的景观通常包括传统的农舍、蜿蜒的河流和古树。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词landscape“风景”作主语，满足句意要求。故填landscape。 31．The heavy atmosphere was lifted, (取代) by a lively conversation. 【答案】replaced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沉重的气氛被打破了，取而代之的是一场热烈的交谈。“取代”用动词replace，作状语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语atmosphere之间是被动关系，即“气氛被取代”，用过去分词形式表被动。故填replaced。 32．He often takes the first place in various English competitions, which (证明) his excellent English proficiency. 【答案】proves 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他经常在各种英语竞赛中获得第一名，这证明了他出色的英语水平。“证明”用动词prove，作定语从句中谓语，与主语which(即前面句中所述情况)之间是主动关系，结合主句谓语动词“takes”可知，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，谓语动词要用单数形式。故填proves。 33．In the digital age, protecting your online i (身份) is crucial to avoid being attacked online. 【答案】identity/dentity/identities/dentities 【详解】考查名词。句意：在数字时代，保护你的网络身份对于避免遭受网络攻击至关重要。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“身份”应用identity，作宾语，可为可数名词，也可为不可数名词，所以此空可填identity或者复数形式identities。故填identity/identities。 34．It took some two hours before the c (人群) was fully dispersed. 【答案】crowd/rowd 【详解】考查名词。句意：大约花了两个小时人群才完全散开。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母 c 开头且表示“人群”含义的表达为crowd，因空白处在从句中做主语，结合 was 可知，应用名词单数形式。故填crowd。 35．The a (平均) score of our group rose by 5.2%, which was beyond everyone’s expectation. 【答案】average/verage 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们组的平均分上升了5.2%，这超出了所有人的预期。根据首字母和中文提示可知，此处使用形容词average，修饰名词score，作定语。故填average。 36．A committee was (建立) to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. 【答案】established 【详解】考查动词。句意：成立了一个委员会，以限制对埃及建筑的破坏，防止文物的损失。表达“建立”用动词establish，和主语committee是被动关系，空处用过去分词和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填established。 37．It is a common c (风俗) in this region to exchange gifts during the harvest festival. 【答案】custom 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这个地区，丰收节期间交换礼物是一种常见的风俗。“风俗”为“custom”在句中作表语，被不定冠词“a”修饰，用名词单数形式作表语。故填custom。 38．The c (反差) between the vibrant colors of the flowers and the dull background made the painting stand out beautifully. 【答案】contrast/ontrast 【详解】考查名词。句意：花朵鲜艳的色彩与暗淡的背景形成的反差，使这幅画美得格外引人注目。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“反差”应用contrast，这里为不可数名词，在本句中作主语。故填contrast。 39．Finding and keeping the right (平衡) between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 【答案】balance 【详解】考查名词。句意：在发展和保护文化遗址之间找到并保持适当的平衡可能是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词balance，表示“平衡”，在句中作“Finding and keeping”的宾语，且此处balance为抽象概念，不可数。故填balance。 40．The trees had been planted by the p (先前的) owner of the garden. 【答案】previous/revious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些树是花园的前主人种的。根据句意和首字母及汉语提示可知，空处应填形容词previous“先前的”作定语，修饰名词owner。故填previous。 41．I’m very busy now. I’ll call you back later when it’s c . 【答案】convenient/onvenient 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我现在很忙。等方便的时候我再给你回电话。根据句意和首字母可知，此空应填convenient，表“方便的”，为形容词，在本句中作表语，符合语境。故填convenient。 42．Only when we learn to exist in (和谐) with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 【答案】harmony 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才能不再对野生动植物以及我们的地球构成威胁。根据汉语提示和空格前的介词in可知，空格处应该用名词harmony作宾语，in harmony with“与……和谐一致”是固定搭配。故填harmony。 43．The government is trying to do something to (促进) better understanding between the two countries. 【答案】promote 【详解】考查动词。句意：政府正试图做些事情来促进两国之间更好的了解。不定式to后接动词原形。动词“促进”英文为promote。故填promote。 44．These measures would make a valuable (贡献) towards protecting cultural heritage. 【答案】contribution 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些措施将对保护文化遗产作出宝贵的贡献。根据汉语提示可知应用名词contribution，作宾语，前面有a修饰，应用单数形式，故填contribution。 45．This exhibition gave thousands of young people the opportunity to develop their (创造性的) skills. 【答案】creative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次展览为成千上万的年轻人提供了发展他们创造性技能的机会。根据汉语提示“创造性的”可知，此处为形容词creative，作定语，修饰名词skills。故填creative。 46．He bought a new computer at a 10% (折扣). 【答案】discount 【详解】考查名词。句意：他以九折的价格买了一台新电脑。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词discount“折扣”，由空前“a 10%”可知，空处名词用单数形式作宾语。故填discount。 47．The library has a (限制) on the number of books you can borrow at one time. 【答案】limit 【详解】考查名词。句意：图书馆对一次可以借阅的书籍数量有限制。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填名词limit“限制”，作has的宾语，由空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填limit。 48．He a (尝试，努力) to climb the steep mountain alone, but had to give up due to bad weather. 【答案】attempted/ttempted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他试图独自攀登那座陡峭的山，但由于天气恶劣不得不放弃。根据句意和首字母可知，“尝试，努力”为“attempt”在句中作谓语，由后半句had to可知事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时。故填attempted。 49．It usually takes some time for us to a to a new environment. 【答案】adapt/dapt 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们通常需要一些时间来适应新的环境。根据句意和首字母a以及空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该填入动词原形adapt，adapt to“适应”是固定搭配。故填adapt。 50．One of the most (有效的) ways to reduce carbon emission is encouraging more people to use public transport. 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：减少碳排放最有效的方法之一是鼓励更多人使用公共交通。根据汉语提示“有效的”，以及上文One of the most和下文ways可知，此处应填形容词effective，作定语，修饰名词ways，且effective是多音节词，其最高级形式为the most effective。故填effective。 2、 单句语法填空50题 1．She got an appointment with the (appoint) director. 【答案】appointed 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：她与被任命的主任约好了见面。appoint意为“任命”，appointed为过去分词形式，在这里作定语修饰director，表示“被任命的”。故填appointed。 2．A paper (publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea. 【答案】published 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：上周发表在《心理科学》上的一篇论文为这一观点提供了一种新的支持。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语，主语A paper与publish为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作定语。故填published。 3．Upon arriving there, he fell love with the people and culture there. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：一到那里，他就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。“fall in love with…”是固定短语，意为“爱上……；喜欢……”，符合语境。故填in。 4．What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the (origin) project I had applied to. 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她提出的项目似乎没有我原来申请的项目那么令人兴奋。设空处修饰名词project，作定语，结合句意可知，此处意为“原来的，最初的”，应用形容词。故填original。 5．Hip-hop artists have also brought Taylor into the present — recordings he produced (sample) thousands of times. 【答案】have been sampled 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：嘻哈艺术家也把泰勒的声音带到了现在——他制作的唱片已经被采样了数千次。破折号前面的句子用了现在完成时态have brought，可推断泰勒的唱片已经被采样了数千次，要用现在完成时的被动语态结构have/has been+过去分词。主语recordings 是复数名词，助动词用have，sample的过去分词直接在词尾加-d。故填have been sampled。 6．He gave me some reference books which I was not very familiar. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：他给了我一些我不太熟悉的参考书。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，固定搭配be familiar with sth意为“熟悉某事物”，which指代先行词reference books，在从句中作介词with的宾语。故填with。 7．First of all, know exactly what leads to your (press), and then take measures to deal with it. 【答案】pressure 【详解】考查名词。句意：首先，明确了解是什么导致你有压力，然后采取措施应对压力。设空处作leads to的宾语，前有形容词性物主代词your修饰，需用名词。press是动词，对应的名词是pressure，不可数。故填pressure。 8． is not surprising that the industrial cities being built now will attract more visitors. 【答案】It 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：现在这些正在建设中的工业化城市将吸引更多的参观者，这并不令人惊奇。it is surprising that…意为“令人惊奇的是……”，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填It。 9． huge amount of environmental damage has been caused by human activity. 【答案】A 【详解】考查冠词。句意：人类活动已经造成了大量的环境破坏。空处表示“大量的”，应用短语a huge amount of，huge首字母的发音为辅音音素，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填A。 10．The foreigner who had been living here for many years knew many local (custom). 【答案】customs 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：那个在这里生活了很多年的外国人知道许多当地的风俗习惯。形容词local修饰名词，根据many可知，此处指“许多当地的习俗”，应用复数形式customs，作宾语。故填customs。 11．The architecture of the ancient building is (strike), with its unique design and elaborate carvings. 【答案】striking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座古建筑的建筑风格引人注目，其设计独特，雕刻精美。空处作表语，应用形容词来描述architecture的特点，意为“引人注目的，惊人的”。故填striking。 12．These services need to be registered so that they can be searched and found. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：这些服务需要进行登记，以便人们能够搜索和查找到它们。search for为固定搭配，意为“查找；搜索”。故填for。 13．Elephants are (endanger) in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect them. 【答案】endangered 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大象在泰国濒临灭绝，但已经建立了特殊的公园来保护它们。空处用于系动词are之后，应用形容词endangered，表示“濒临灭绝的”，作表语。故填endangered。 14．Simon put up a picture of Michael Jordan to remind himself his own dreams. 【答案】of/about 【详解】考查介词。句意：西蒙贴了一张迈克尔·乔丹的照片，以提醒自己不要忘记自己的梦想。分析句子可知，这里考查remind sb of/about sth，为固定搭配，意为“提醒某人记得某事”，符合语境。故填of或about。 15． average, there are about 1,000 tornadoes in the area each year, causing over 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. 【答案】On 【详解】考查介词。句意：平均来看，该地区每年约有1000次龙卷风，造成80多人死亡，1500人受伤。on average为固定搭配，表示“平均来看”，设空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写，故填On。 16．The hurricane-driven wildfires made local people suffer a great (lose). 【答案】loss 【详解】考查名词。句意：飓风引发的野火使当地居民遭受了巨大的损失。空前有形容词great修饰，空处需填名词loss作宾语，表示“损失”，且空前有不定冠词a修饰，故用名词单数形式。故填loss。 17．His (apply) for the job was refused, which made him disappointed. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的工作申请被拒绝了，这使他很失望。空处作主句主语，空前有形容词性物主代词His修饰，此处应填名词application作主语，且根据“was refused”可知，应用单数形式。故填application。 18．When I came home last night, I saw my kid (seat) on the bed, with his whole attention fixed upon the book. 【答案】seated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨晚我回家时，看见我的孩子坐在床上，全神贯注地盯着那本书。分析句子可知，此处为“see + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，设空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，seat为及物动词，常用搭配为be seated，表示“坐着”，此处用过去分词形式作宾补，强调状态。故填seated。 19．He made the decision that he would break away his daily routines. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：他决定打破自己的日常惯例。分析句子可知，设空处应填介词，构成固定短语“break away from”，意为“脱离；打破”，符合语境。故填from。 20．When the door opened suddenly, the boy covered his head with his hands as if in (defend). 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：当门突然打开时，那个男孩用手捂住头，好像在防御。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作介词in的宾语，“in defence”为固定短语，意为“防御”，符合语境。故填defence。 21． my opinion, we should keep a balance between our study, rest and exercise. 【答案】In 【详解】考查介词。句意：在我看来，我们应该在学习、休息和锻炼之间保持平衡。由于in one’s opinion是固定搭配，表示“在某人看来”，in放在句首首字母要大写。故填In。 22．By contrast, people with a diet high in (process) food had a much higher risk of depression than those who ate natural food. 【答案】processed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：相比之下，食用大量加工食品的人比食用天然食品的人患抑郁症的风险高得多。所填词作前置定语修饰名词 food，要用形容词。process是动词，在词尾加-ed变成形容词，表示“加工过的”。故填processed。 23．It is generally accepted that cycling is highly (benefit) to our health and the environment. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们普遍认为骑自行车对我们的健康和环境大有裨益。设空处在主语从句中作表语，应用形容词；固定短语be beneficial to意为“对……有益”。故填beneficial。 24．We are sure to narrow the differences and our cooperation through dialogue and consultation. (strengthen) 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们一定能通过对话和协商缩小分歧，加强合作。句中有be sure to do sth.，表示“一定会做某事”，是固定搭配，空格处是与narrow并列的不定式符号to后的动词原形。故填strengthen。 25． (assume) that we can't get their support, we will have to give up the way. 【答案】Assuming 【详解】考查连词。句意：假如我们得不到他们的支持，我们将不得不放弃这个方法。assuming that为连词，意为“假如”，引导条件状语从句，符合句意，句首单词首字母大写。故填Assuming。 26．To sum up, protecting animals is greatly (urge) and it is vital for us to take steps to protect them. 【答案】urgent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：总之，保护动物迫在眉睫，对我们来说采取措施保护它们至关重要。空前有is和副词greatly，空处要填形容词作表语。urge对应的形容词是urgent，表示“紧急的”。故填urgent。 27．The mountain was one of nature (preserve) with no hunting allowed. 【答案】preserves 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这座山是自然保护区之一，禁止狩猎。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语，preserve意为“保护区”，是可数名词，one of+名词复数，表示“……之一”，所以空处需用名词复数preserves。故填preserves。 28．I’d like your (profession) advice which will do good to my job. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我需要你的专业建议，这对我的工作有好处。空处作修饰advice的定语，结合“which will do good to my job”可知，形容词professional符合题意，意为“专业的”。故填professional。 29．Einstein is a scientist of great (achieve). 【答案】achievements 【详解】考查名词。句意：爱因斯坦是一位有伟大成就的科学家。此处应填名词作为介词of的宾语，achieve的名词形式为achievement，表示“成就”，是可数名词，结合语境可知，此处应用其复数形式表示泛指。故填achievements。 30．It’s   (usually) that he came back home so early from work today. 【答案】unusual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他今天下班这么早就回家，这很不寻常。作表语应用形容词，根据句意可知，此处表示“不寻常的”，应用形容词unusual。故填unusual。 31．The earlier the (treat) is given, the better the patient’s chances. 【答案】treatment 【详解】考查名词。句意：治疗进行得越早，病人康复的机会就越大。此空用于定冠词the之后，应填名词treatment作主语，表示“治疗、医治”，符合语境。故填treatment。 32．We are (satisfy) that the problem was settled to everyone’s (satisfy). 【答案】 satisfied satisfaction 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：问题得到了令所有人满意的解决，我们很满意。第一空，空前的are为系动词，后应接形容词作表语，satisfy的形容词形式satisfied意为“感到满意的”，用于修饰人，be satisfied that…表示“对……感到满意”，符合语境；第二空，空前的everyone’s为名词所有格，后应接satisfy的名词形式satisfaction作介词to的宾语，意为“满意，满足”，且“to one’s + 名词”为固定结构，表示“令某人……的是”，to one’s satisfaction，意为“使某人满意”，符合语境语法。故填①satisfied；②satisfaction。 33．As soon as the question was raised, the boy answered it (immediate). 【答案】immediately 【详解】考查副词。句意：问题一提出，那个男孩就立刻回答了。此处修饰动词“answered”，需用副词作状语，所给词“immediate”为形容词，意为“立刻的”，其副词形式是immediately，意为“立刻，马上”，符合语境。故填immediately。 34．Measures should be taken to prevent a (repeat) of last year’s flood. 【答案】repetition 【详解】考查名词。句意：应该采取措施防止去年的洪水再次发生。此处为名词作宾语，根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用repeat的名词形式repetition，意为“重复，再次发生”，a repetition of...为常用搭配，表示“……的再次发生”，符合语境。故填repetition。 35．We love to enjoy the (beautiful) of sunset. 【答案】beauty 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们喜欢欣赏日落的美景。根据空前the可知，空处需用名词形式；beautiful的名词形式为beauty，意为“美景”，为不可数名词,作宾语。故填beauty。 36．It is urgent to raise public awareness of the (important) and value of protecting the historic site. (所 【答案】importance 【详解】考查名词。句意：提高公众保护历史遗迹的重要性和价值的认识迫在眉睫。空处作介词of的宾语，所填词要用名词。important对应的名词是importance，是不可数名词。故填importance。 37．I’ve learned that an exhibition of famous paintings is to be held and that you’re collecting suggestions on its (locate). 【答案】location 【详解】考查名词。句意：我得知要举办一个名画展览，并且你正在收集关于它的举办地点的建议。根据空前的介词on和形容词性物主代词its可知，此处应用locate的名词形式location作介词on的宾语，意为“地点，位置”。故填location。 38．I have a great sense of (achieve) when I turn the energy from low-carbon life into real trees through it. 【答案】achievement 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我把低碳生活的能量转化为真正的树木时，我有一种很大的成就感。设空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词achievement，故填achievement。 39．As the (digit) revolution sweeps through our lives, the appeal of screens and the convenience of online content have quietly caused print media to lose its charm. 【答案】digital 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着数字革命席卷我们的生活，屏幕的吸引力和在线内容的便利性悄然使印刷媒体失去了它的魅力。此处修饰名词“revolution”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“digit”为名词，意为“数字”，其形容词形式是digital，意为“数字的”，“digital revolution”表示“数字革命”，符合语境。故填digital。 40．As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this   （legal） action. 【答案】illegal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：就我而言，必须采取措施制止这种非法行动。设空处修饰名词action，应用形容词作定语，表示“非法的”，故填illegal。 41．I hope I’ll expand the horizons and polish my ability by making (contribute) to the activity. 【答案】contributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：我希望通过为这项活动做出贡献来拓宽视野，提高自己的能力。此处作动词“making”的宾语，需用名词形式，所给词“contribute”为动词，意为“贡献”，其名词形式是contribution，意为“贡献”，make contributions to...是固定搭配，意为“为……做出贡献”，常用复数形式。故填contributions。 42．Born in 1756, Austria, Mozart deserves his status as one of the most popular (compose) worldwide. 【答案】composers 【详解】考查名词。句意：莫扎特1756年出生于奥地利，他当之无愧是世界上最受欢迎的作曲家之一。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，“作曲家”是composer，且one of后接可数名词复数形式，故填composers。 43．What’s more, we are (create) and can keep up with modern science and technology. 【答案】creative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，我们富有创造力，能够跟上现代科学技术的发展。are是系动词，后面需接形容词creative“富有创造力的”作表语，故填creative。 44．Since 1748, Pompeii (dig) systematically from its silent resting place. 【答案】has been dug 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自1748年以来，庞贝古城就一直在其安静的安息之地被有计划地系统性挖掘。根据时间状语Since 1748可知，句子应使用现在完成时；主语Pompeii与动词dig之间是被动关系，故句子应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语Pompeii是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been dug。 45．Space telescopes can (identity) planets orbiting stars by small changes in the stars’ light as the planets pass by. 【答案】identify 【详解】考查动词。句意：太空望远镜可以通过行星经过时恒星光线的微小变化来识别围绕恒星运行的行星。空处位于情态动词can之后，应用动词原形；所给词identity为名词，其动词形式为identify，意为“识别，认出”。故填identify。 46．Considered one of the (tough) marathon events in the world, the 875-kilometer annual Australian race is a severe test for athletes. 【答案】toughest 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：澳大利亚的这项年度马拉松赛事全长875公里，是全球最具挑战性的赛事之一，对运动员来说是一场严峻的考验。此处为one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数表示“……中最……之一”。故填toughest。 47．Group leader’s duty is (ensure) that all pupils in his group understand and practice what the teacher has taught. 【答案】to ensure 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：组长的职责是确保小组中的所有学生都理解并练习老师所教的内容。设空处应填动词不定式作表语，说明主语Group leader’s duty的具体内容。故填to ensure。 48．Scientific knowledge is an (enable) power to do either good or bad. 【答案】enabling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学知识是一种能够行善或作恶的力量。此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词power，二者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填enabling。 49．The password protects your (private). 【答案】privacy 【详解】考查名词。句意：密码保护你的隐私。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，privacy，表“隐私”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填privacy 50．Some politicians tried to get close to rich or (influence) people so as to get more supporters. 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一些政客试图接近富人或有权势者，以获取更多支持者。空处与or前的rich并列，作定语修饰people，应用形容词作定语。所给词influence的形容词形式是influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential 考向03 考查必修三词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．We can g (确保) a full refund within 30 days if you’re not satisfied. 【答案】guarantee/uarantee 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果不满意，30 天内可以确保全额退款。根据中英文提示，“确保”对应的英文动词是“guarantee”。句中情态动词“can”后接动词原形，因此用“guarantee”。故填guarantee。 2．She was deeply (失望) when she found out the concert tickets had sold out. 【答案】disappointed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当她发现音乐会门票已经售罄时，她非常失望。此处为形容词作表语，根据汉语提示“失望”，且主语是“She”（指人），对应的形容词是disappointed，意为“感到失望的”，符合句意。故填disappointed。 3．The school offers a variety of after-school activities, (范围是) from art clubs to science workshops. 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校提供各种各样的课外活动，范围从艺术俱乐部到科学工作坊。根据汉语提示可知，表示“范围是”应用动词range，range from…to…表示“从……到……范围内变化”；分析句子结构可知，逗号前为完整的句子，句中已有谓语动词offers，且空处与主句之间没有连词，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语a variety of after-school activities与动词range之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填ranging。 4．The school allows (灵活的) choice of elective courses. 【答案】flexible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学校允许灵活选择选修课。根据汉语提示“灵活的”以及空后的名词“choice”可知，此处应填形容词flexible，作定语修饰名词，flexible choice意为“灵活的选择”，符合语境。故填flexible。 5．At the Mid-Autumn Festival, families (团聚) to admire the shining moon. 【答案】gather 【详解】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：中秋节时，家人们团聚在一起赏月。根据汉语提示“团聚”可知，此处应用动词gather。句子描述的是中秋节的传统习俗，为客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语families为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填gather。 6．The most amazing decoration in the c (比赛) was from Class 3, who made their classroom look like a space station. 【答案】competition/ompetition/contest/ontest 【详解】考查名词。句意：这次比赛中最令人惊叹的装饰来自三班，他们把教室布置得像一个太空站一样。空前面有介词in the，可知所填词是名词。表示“比赛”且以c开头的名词是competition或contest，题干特指某一次比赛，要用单数名词。故填competition/contest。 7．She c (抱怨) about the noise from the construction site last night. 【答案】complained/omplained 【详解】考查动词。句意：她昨晚抱怨了建筑工地的噪音。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“抱怨”应用complain，在本句中作谓语，且由last night可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填complained。 8．I’m in the process of collecting m (素材) for an argument essay that I’m writing. 【答案】materials/aterials 【详解】考查名词。句意：我正在为我正在撰写的一篇议论文收集素材。根据所给首字母“m”以及中文提示“素材”可知，名词“material”有“素材；材料”的意思，指收集各种素材，用复数materials作宾语。故填materials 9．The tiger opened its mouth and exposed big and (锋利的) teeth. 【答案】sharp 【详解】考查形容词。句意：老虎张开了嘴，露出了又大又锋利的牙齿。根据汉语提示“锋利的”可知，此处需要填入一个形容词来修饰名词teeth，作定语。故填sharp。 10．With each space mission comes greater insight, thus (激发) us to continue along the same path of adventure. 【答案】motivating 【详解】考查动词。句意：每一次太空任务都带来了更深刻的见解，从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非谓语动词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词形式。故填motivating。 11．If a for the job, you’ll be informed soon. 【答案】accepted/ccepted 【详解】考查动词与状语从句中的省略。句意：如果你被录用做这份工作，你会很快得到通知。根据语境和下文的“you’ll be informed soon”以及提示的首字母“a”可知，此处为动词accept“（认为合适或足够好而）接受，录用”，if条件状语从句主语与主句主语一致，为you，与动词accept之间是被动关系，该条件状语从句可用“if+过去分词”的省略结构，所以此处应填过去分词accepted表被动。故填accepted。 12．Eric instantly ran over to his father and w (低语) something into his ear. 【答案】whispered/hispered 【详解】考查动词。句意：埃里克立刻跑到父亲身边，在他耳边低声说了些什么。由于and连接ran和空白处可知，空处要用动词过去式。首字母提示是w，汉语提示是“低语”，故动词whispered符合题意。故填whispered。 13．He couldn’t help but f (皱眉) when he saw the mess his children had made in the living room. 【答案】frown/rown 【详解】考查动词。句意：当看到孩子们把客厅弄得一团糟时，他忍不住皱起了眉头。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“皱眉”应用frown，为动词，且这里考查couldn’t help but do，是英语中一个常用的固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事；不得不做某事”，所以这里应用动词原形。故填frown。 14．The fear of traveling alone was softened after I made my way through the crowds to catch a bus headed d (往市中心). 【答案】downtown/owntown 【详解】考查副词。句意：当我穿过人群赶上一辆开往市中心的公交车后，独自旅行的恐惧减轻了。此处为副词作状语，修饰动词“headed”，根据汉语提示“往市中心”及首字母“d”可知，应为副词downtown。故填downtown。 15．Seeing the end of the letter, she couldn’t c (抑制) her sorrow and tears rolled down her cheeks. 【答案】contain/control/check/ontain/ontrol/heck 【详解】考查动词。句意：看到信的结尾，她抑制不住自己的悲伤，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。此处为动词作谓语，根据汉语提示“抑制”及首字母“c”可知，应为动词contain/control/check，空前有情态动词couldn’t，后接动词原形。故填contain/control/check。 16．In s (除了) of his age, he still leads an active life. 【答案】spite/pite 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：尽管他年事已高，仍过着积极的生活。根据首字母和中文提示“除了”可知，在这里需要表达的是“尽管、不顾”的含义，对应的短语是in spite of。故填spite。 17．The government l (发射) the rocket in March,1980. 【答案】launched/aunched 【详解】考查动词。句意：该国政府于1980年3月发射了这枚火箭。根据中英文提示可知用动词launch，结合后文March, 1980可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填launched。 18．As the s (谚语，格言) goes, it’s no use crying over spilt milk. 【答案】saying/aying 【详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，“覆水难收”。根据中英文提示可知用名词saying，作宾语，此处特指后文那句谚语，用单数。故填saying。 19．He e (逃跑，逃脱)from the trapped bus this morning. 【答案】escaped/scaped 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：今天早上他从被困的公交车中逃了出来。根据中文提示“逃跑，逃脱”及首字母“e”可知，此处用动词escape。由this morning可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，escape的过去式是escaped。故填escaped。 20．The t (传统的) customs of the region are deeply rooted in its history and are celebrated every year during the festival. 【答案】traditional/raditional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该地区传统习俗深深植根于其历史之中，而且每年在节日期间都会被庆祝。根据汉语提示“传统的”和首字母可知，此处为形容词traditional，作定语，修饰名词customs。故填traditional。 21．Kingston-upon-Thames, as the name (表明), is situated on the banks of the Thames. 【答案】indicates 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：泰晤士河畔金斯顿，顾名思义，坐落在泰晤士河畔。设空处为从句谓语，根据汉语提示可知是动词indicate，根据is可知应用一般现在时，主语the name，谓语用第三人称单数，故填indicates。 22．Scientists are searching for (有智慧的) life forms in other solar systems. 【答案】intelligent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们正在其他太阳系中寻找有智慧的生命形式。这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词life forms（生命形式），intelligent是形容词，意为“有智慧的” ，在句中作定语修饰life forms。故填intelligent。 23．There are heated (争论) about whether General Shepherd was a hero or a war criminal. 【答案】arguments 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于Shepherd将军是英雄还是战犯，存在着激烈的争论。设空处为名词作主语，根据汉语提示可知是argument，根据are可知应用复数形式，故填arguments。 24．Hurricanes are called typhoons when (出现) in the Pacific Ocean. 【答案】occurring 【详解】考查动词。句意：飓风出现在太平洋时被称为台风。“出现”occur，连词when引导的状语从句省略了they are，主语Hurricanes与occur之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填occurring。 25．Believing my novel could not be p (出版), I put it aside. 【答案】published/ublished 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我相信我的小说不能出版，就把它放在一边。由首字母提示p可知，“出版”是publish，小说是被出版，因此用被动语态，空前有could not，空格处用过去分词，故填published。 26．When a (获得) new knowledge, I’ll try to make connections with what I have already learnt. 【答案】acquiring/cquiring 【详解】考查动词以及状语从句的省略。句意：当我正获得新知识时我会努力将其与我已学过的知识联系起来。所填词以a开头，表示“获得”，要用acquire。When a_______new knowledge是when引导的时间状语从句的省略句， I’ll try to make connections with what I have already learnt是主句。当主从句的主语相同且从句含有be动词时，状语从句可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。由于acquire是“I”发出的动作，表示主动且正在进行，要将其改为V-ing形式，去掉e再加-ing。故填acquiring。 27．These two pieces of information allow the butterfly to d the way to go. 【答案】determine/etermine 【详解】考查动词。句意：这两条信息使蝴蝶能够确定前进的方向。根据句意以及首字母“d”和“the way to go（前进的方向）”可知，此处应为动词determine，意为“确定”，位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填determine。 28．Hurry up! The boss is running out of his (耐心). 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：快点！老板快失去耐心了。本空作介词of的宾语，用名词patience“耐心”，不可数。故填patience。 29．The wise use should be made of such expensive (材料). 【答案】materials 【详解】考查名词。句意：应该明智地使用这种昂贵的材料。根据汉语提示“材料”可知，对应的名词为material，为可数名词，空前无限定词，所以此处使用名词复数形式表示泛指意义，因此应使用materials。故填materials。 30．All parts of the yew tree are (有毒的), including the berries. 【答案】poisonous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：紫杉树的所有部分都是有毒的，包括浆果。根据汉语提示“有毒的”可知，对应的形容词为poisonous，在句中作表语。故填poisonous。 31．The supposed beggar was really a police officer in (伪装). 【答案】disguise 【详解】考查名词。句意：那个所谓的乞丐其实是一名伪装的警察。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“伪装”应用disguise，为不可数名词，作宾语。故填disguise。 32．Bernard felt (感激的) to all of them for what they had done for him. 【答案】grateful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：伯纳德对他们所有人为他所做的一切表示感激。根据汉语提示“感激的”可知，此处应为形容词grateful，在句中作表语。故填grateful。 33．He told me he would leave to ((去)拿来) the tools and asked me to stay where I was. 【答案】fetch 【详解】考查动词。句意：他告诉我他要去取工具，并让我待在原地。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词fetch。，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形，作目的状语。故填fetch。 34．Honesty is a basic p (法则；原则) that should never be compromised in any relationship. 【答案】principle/rinciple 【详解】考查名词。句意：诚实是一个基本原则，在任何关系中都不应该妥协。根据中英文提示可知，principle“法则；原则”，可数名词，由前面的a可知使用名词单数，作表语，故填principle。 35．At the Halloween party, children dressed in colorful c (服装，戏装) ran around the garden, laughing and shouting 【答案】costumes/ostumes 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在万圣节派对上，孩子们穿着五颜六色的服装在花园里跑来跑去，又笑又叫。根据首字母c和汉语提示“服装，戏装”可知，此处应填名词costume；由children 可知，孩子们穿的服装不止一件，应用复数形式costumes，作dressed in的宾语。故填costumes。 36．A (后来), I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck. 【答案】Afterwards/fterwards 【详解】考查副词。句意：后来，我在餐车里吃了一些美味的墨西哥中式面条。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为副词Afterwards“后来”作状语修饰后面整个句子，满足句意要求。故填Afterwards。 37．Without my parents’ (允许), I can’t go to the party with my friends this weekend. 【答案】permission 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于没有得到父母的许可，这个周末我不能和朋友们一起去参加聚会了。根据汉语提示可知用名词permission，作介词的宾语，不可数。故填permission。 38．The report with a detailed chart (贴) was highly praised by our geography teacher. 【答案】attached 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：那份附有详细图表的报告受到了我们地理老师的高度赞扬。本句为with的复合结构，a detailed chart与attach为被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。故填attached。 39． (决心) to protect the environment, many students joined the school’s recycling program, making our school more beautiful. 【答案】Determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多学生决心保护环境，加入了学校的回收项目，让我们的学校变得更美丽。“(决心) to protect the environment”在句中作原因状语，“决心”用形容词determined，表示逻辑主语many students的状态；句首单词首字母大写。故填Determined。 40．He felt an overwhelming (渴望) to return home. 【答案】desire 【详解】考查名词。句意：他感到一种强烈的渴望想要回家。根据汉语提示“渴望”可知，此处为名词desire，作 felt的宾语，不定冠词an修饰，用单数形式。故填desire。 41．She (犹豫) slightly before answering the policeman’s question. 【答案】hesitated 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在回答警察的问题之前，她稍微犹豫了一下。根据汉语提示“犹豫”可知，用动词hesitate，句子描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式hesitated。故填hesitated。 42．I think such views are (肤浅的) and near­sighted. 【答案】shallow 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我认为这样的观点是肤浅和短视的。根据汉语提示“肤浅的”可知，本空用形容词shallow，和near-sighted并列，作表语。故填shallow。 43．Fortunately, the weather that winter was reasonably (温和的). 【答案】mild 【详解】考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，那年冬天的天气相当温和。根据汉语提示“温和的”，以及上文 was reasonably可知，此处应填形容词作表语。故填mild。 44．Later, man began to (定居) in the places where the food and water were sufficient. 【答案】settle 【详解】考查动词。句意：后来，人类开始在食物和水充足的地方定居。根据汉语提示“定居”，以及上文began to可知，此处应填动词原形，构成“begin to do sth.”结构。故填settle。 45．The (大多数) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio. 【答案】majority 【详解】考查名词。句意：接受采访的大多数人更喜欢看电视而非听广播。根据汉语提示可知用名词majority，构成the majority“大多数”，作主语。故填majority。 46．Black people could not (投票) or choose their leaders then. 【答案】vote 【详解】考查动词。句意：在那时，黑人不能投票或者选择他们的领袖。根据汉语提示“投票”和前文的情态动词could not，此处需填动词原形vote。故填vote。 47．He is being constantly monitored with r (定期的) checks on his blood pressure. 【答案】regular/egular 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他一直受到密切的监控，定期会检测他的血压情况。根据中英文提示可知用形容词regular，修饰check。故填regular。 48．The two countries signed an agreement to jointly l (发射) satellites. 【答案】launch/aunch 【详解】考查动词。句意：两国签署协议，联合发射卫星。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词launch“发射”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填launch。 49．I e (最终) realized I had to change my attitude toward medical practice. 【答案】eventually/ventually 【详解】考查副词。句意：最终我意识到自己必须改变对待医疗工作的态度。根据中英文提示可知用副词eventually，修饰动词realize，故填eventually。 50．The more empty cans that can be collected for r (回收利用), the better. 【答案】recycling/ecycling 【详解】考查动词。句意：能够被回收利用的空罐子越多越好。根据中英文提示可知用动词recycle，作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填recycling。 2、 单句语法填空50题 1．Educational policies should (encourage) rote memorization (死记硬背) and instead promote analytical skills that foster independent thought and innovation. 【答案】discourage 【详解】考查动词。句意：句意：教育政策应该不鼓励死记硬背，而是促进能培养独立思考和创新能力的分析技能。根据句意以及空后instead promote analytical skills可知，前后语义相反，此处应表达“不鼓励”的含义；should后接动词原形，所以需用encourage的否定形式discourage。故填discourage。 2．A study recently (publish) by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart”. 【答案】published 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究发现，早在六岁的时候，女孩就比男孩更不太会认为同性别的成员“真的非常聪明”。此处publish与study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填published。 3．Eventually, he took exercise regularly with the (intend) of staying healthy. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：最终，他有规律地锻炼，目的是保持健康。此空应填名词作介词with的宾语，intend的名词形式是intention，意为“意图，目的”，with the intention of，为固定短语，意为“目的是……”，符合“锻炼的目的是保持健康”的语境。故填intention。 4．Women are very much in the (minor) in political leadership around the world. 【答案】minority 【详解】考查名词。句意：在世界各地的政治领导层中，女性占极少数。空处需用minor的名词形式minority“少数”，构成固定短语in the minority，意为“占少数”。故填minority。 5．Experts have appealed to parents (have) strict control over online games that appeal their children. 【答案】 to have to 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意：专家们呼吁父母严格控制那些对他们的孩子有吸引力的网络游戏。第一空为固定搭配appeal to sb. to do sth.意为“呼吁某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to have作宾补。第二空为固定短语appeal to，意为“对……有吸引力”，符合语境，所以此处为介词to。故填①to have②to。 6．The agricultural productivity of this country remained low in (compare) with that of advanced countries like the United Kingdom. 【答案】comparison 【详解】考查名词。句意：与英国等先进国家相比，这个国家的农业生产力仍然很低。此处为名词作介词in的宾语， in comparison with为固定介词短语，表示“与……相比”，符合语境。故填comparison。 7．Skills like critical thinking and (analyse) can't be found on the Internet because they must be acquired in the context of facts. 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：像批判性思维和分析这样的技能在互联网上找不到，因为它们必须在事实的背景下才能获得。名词analysis作宾语。故填analysis。 8．A similar process is at work in our (respond) to information. 【答案】response 【详解】考查名词。句意：类似的过程也在我们对信息的反应中起作用。空处作in的宾语，被our修饰，名词response符合题意，意为“反应”，短语in response to意为“作为对……的反应；作为对……的答复”。故填response。 9．Those who have dedicated their lives to their country and people will live our memory forever. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：那些把自己的生命奉献给国家和人民的人将永远活在我们的记忆中。根据句意可知，此处表示“在……中”，应使用介词 in，构成固定短语live in one’s memory，意为“活在某人的记忆中”，符合语境。故填in。 10．Prof. Gracie, with all his (patient), asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：格雷西教授极有耐心地让我思考这件事，而不只是考虑我是否喜欢它。此处位于形容词性物主代词“his”后，需用名词形式，patient是形容词，意为“有耐心的”，其名词形式是patience，意为“耐心”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填patience。 11．As a traditional way to celebrate the New Year, setting firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people. 【答案】off 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：作为一种庆祝新年的传统方式，放鞭炮受到大多数中国人的欢迎。set off为固定搭配，意为“使爆炸；点燃”，此处表示“放鞭炮”，符合语境。故填off。 12．It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an (independence) study on Victorian literature. 【答案】independent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。此处修饰名词study，应用形容词independent“独立的”，作定语。故填independent。 13．The (argue) between my colleagues didn’t stop until the meeting ended. 【答案】argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：直到会议结束，同事之间的争论才停止。设空处为主语，应用名词，argue为动词，其名词形式为argument“争论”，特指同事之间的一次争论，应用单数形式，故填argument。 14．Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are (poison) to humans. 【答案】poisonous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些食物中有些可能含有对人类有毒的天然物质。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作表语，poisonous，表“有毒的”，符合语境。故填poisonous。 15．These stories can (relief) my stress and broaden my horizons. 【答案】relieve 【详解】考查动词。句意：这些故事可以缓解我的压力，开阔我的视野。can后跟动词原形，relief的动词是relieve，意为“缓解”，故填relieve。 16．What (percent) of babies died of this disease last year? 【答案】percentage 【详解】考查名词。句意：去年死于这种疾病的婴儿占百分之几？分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作主语，percent对应的名词形式是percentage，意为“百分比”，“What percentage of...”为固定搭配，意为“……的百分比”，符合语境。故填percentage。 17．Many (music) instruments were on show at the exhibition. 【答案】musical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：展览会上展出了许多乐器。此处位于名词“instruments”前，需用形容词作定语，music为名词，意为“音乐”，其形容词形式musical意为“音乐的”，musical instruments表示“乐器”，符合语境。故填musical。 18．Though he was old, he felt (energy) and dynamic. 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然他年纪大了，但他感到精力充沛，充满活力。此处应填形容词作表语，energy的形容词形式为energetic，表示“精力充沛的”。故填energetic。 19． The new bridge over the river is still under (construct). 【答案】construction 【详解】考查名词。句意：河上的新桥还在建造中，空处应填名词作介词under的宾语，under construction“在修建中”，故填construction。 20．The little boy wanted to play computer games before finishing his homework, but his mum told him not . 【答案】to 【详解】考查不定式的省略。句意：这个小男孩想在完成作业前玩电脑游戏，但他妈妈告诉他不可以。此处为“tell sb. not to do sth.”的省略形式，为了避免重复，不定式符号后的动词可省略，只保留不定式符号“to”，其完整内容为but his mum told him not to play computer games。故填to。 21．I was (scare) to think that I had to stay in this (scare) building. 【答案】 scared scary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：想到我不得不待在这座令人害怕的建筑物里，我就感到害怕。第一空：根据空前系动词was可知，空处需用形容词作表语，此处表示主语I的感受，意为“感到害怕的”，所以空处需用-ed形容词scared；第二空：根据空后名词building可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，此处表示建筑物令人害怕，所以空处需用-ing形容词scary“令人害怕的”。故填①scared；②scary。 22．We are (please) that we’ re now living in (please) surroundings. 【答案】 pleased pleasant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们很高兴现在生活在令人愉快的环境中。位于We are之后，需用形容词作表语。please的形容词形式为pleased（感到高兴的），表示主观感受；修饰名词surroundings（环境），需用please的另一形容词形式为pleasant（令人愉快的），描述客观环境，表示“令人愉快的环境”。故填pleased；pleasant。 23．You cannot leave this place without our (permit). 【答案】permission 【详解】考查名词。句意：未经我们允许，你不能离开这个地方。作介词without的宾语，用名词permission，不可数。故填permission。 24．The new policy will come into (operate) the next year. 【答案】operation 【详解】考查名词。句意：新政策将于明年生效。所给词“operate”是动词，意为“操作；运转；实施”。句中“come into”后接名词，构成固定短语“come into operation”，意为“生效；开始实施”。因此需将动词转换为对应的名词“operation”。故填operation。 25．The problem is still under (discuss) among the leaders. 【答案】discussion 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个问题仍在领导人之间讨论中。根据空前under可知，空处需用名词形式；discuss的名词形式为discussion，under discussion为固定搭配，意为“在讨论中”，其中discussion作宾语。故填discussion。 26．The (collect) of the data for this report took me a lot of time. 【答案】collection 【详解】考查名词。句意：收集这份报告所需的数据花了我很多时间。根据空前的The可知，空处应用名词作主语。根据空后的of the data可知，这里指“这份报告的收集”。collection意为“收集，采集”，为不可数名词。故填collection。 27．I haven’t much (believe) in his honesty. 【答案】belief 【详解】考查名词。句意：我不太相信他的诚实。空格处用名词作宾语，believe的名词是belief，意为“相信，信心”，是不可数名词，故填belief。 28．The students had a long (argue) with their teacher about their uniforms. 【答案】argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：学生们就校服问题与老师进行了长时间的争论。此空用于不定冠词a之后，应填可数名词单数形式作宾语，argument，表“争论”，为可数名词，符合语境。故填argument。 29．We sent our (congratulate) to her on passing the exam. 【答案】congratulations 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们向她表示了热烈的祝贺，祝贺她顺利通过了考试。空处应用名词，作宾语；congratulation为名词，表示“祝贺”，在英语中，向某人表示祝贺时常用其复数形式。故填congratulations。 30．We hold a strong (believe) that by communicating more frequently and more deeply, we are sure to improve the understanding and build a strong connection between the two cultures. 【答案】belief 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们坚信，通过更频繁、更深入的交流，我们一定能增进理解，并在两种文化之间建立牢固的联系。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，前面有不定冠词a修饰，应用单数形式，再结合句意“信念”是belief。故填belief。 31．These small yet (significance) changes will undoubtedly contribute to making our library an ideal place for learning and exploration. 【答案】significant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些微小却意义重大的改变无疑将有助于把我们的图书馆变成一个理想的学习和探索场所。此处修饰名词“changes”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“significance”为名词，意为“意义”，其形容词形式是significant，意为“有意义的，重大的”，符合语境。故填significant。 32．At the same time, I learned to plant vegetables and gained much (agriculture) knowledge. 【答案】agricultural 【详解】考查形容词。句意：同时，我学会了种植蔬菜，获得了许多农业知识。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词knowledge，agriculture的形容词形式是agricultural，意为“农业的”。故填agricultural。 33．First of all, you gave us piles of story books and science books, which could hopefully enrich our knowledge and (broad) our horizons. 【答案】broaden 【详解】考查动词。句意：首先，你给了我们大量的故事书和科学书籍，有望能丰富我们的知识并拓宽我们的视野。根据并列连词“and”可知，提示词与动词enrich是并列关系，作定语从句谓语，应用动词形式broaden，意为“拓宽；扩大”，在情态动词“could”后用动词原形。故填broaden。 34．We can experience Chinese culture and have a better knowledge of Confucius in the museum, where we can also see many ancient (collect) related to Confucius. 【答案】collections 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以在博物馆体验中国文化，更好地了解孔子，在那里我们还可以看到许多与孔子有关的古代收藏品。空处用于形容词ancient之后，应用名词collection作see的宾语，表示“收藏品”，由many可知，应用复数形式，故填collections。 35．If given enough (patient) and devotion, the novel will also reveal the rise and decline of a famous royal family to its readers. 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果给予足够的耐心和投入，这部小说也会向读者展现一个著名皇室家族的兴衰。不可数名词patience做give的宾语。故填patience。 36．In the first place, it is (absolute) a great idea to switch your love to other healthier hobbies, such as reading books and volunteering. 【答案】absolutely 【详解】考查副词。句意：首先，把你的热爱转移到其他更健康的爱好上绝对是个好主意，比如读书和做志愿者。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语修饰系动词，absolutely，表“绝对地”，符合语境。故填absolutely。 37．Ms. Shen is an (energy) and kind woman, often explaining grammar clearly and patiently. 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：沈女士是一个充满活力和善良的女人，经常清晰耐心地解释语法。修饰名词woman，应用形容词形式energetic，与kind并列，作定语。故填energetic。 38．With the decrease of wild animals, many animals are endangered. Worse still, some of them may (appear) forever. 【答案】disappear 【详解】考查动词。句意：随着野生动物数量的减少，许多动物正处于濒危状态。更糟糕的是，其中一些（动物）可能会永远消失。此空在情态动词may后应填动词原形作谓语，appear的反义词disappear，表“消失”，为动词，与前面“many animals are endangered”语境符合。故填disappear。 39．The detailed (analyze) of the data reveals some surprising trends in consumer behavior. 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：对数据的详细分析揭示了消费者行为中一些令人惊讶的趋势。提示词作主语，用名词analysis，意为“分析”，结合谓语动词“reveals”可知，主语是单数名词。故填analysis。 40．Being generous without expecting something return is an important aspect of being a good person. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：慷慨而不期望得到回报是成为一个好人的一个重要方面。此处表达“作为回报”，用固定短语in return。故填in。 41．The technology is licensed to a startup with plans to (commercial)it. 【答案】commercialize/commercialise 【详解】考查动词。句意：这项技术已授权给一家初创企业，该企业计划将其商业化。 此处应用动词不定式作plans的后置定语，解释说明plans的内容，故设空处应用动词原形，提示词的动词形式commercialize/commercialise“使商业化”符合题意。故填commercialize/commercialise。 42．We can use a smile to (apology), to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. 【答案】apologize/apologise 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候别人、寻求帮助或开始对话。位于动词不定式符号to后，本空用apology的动词形式apologize或apologise“道歉”。故填apologize或apologise。 43．Stephen Curry’s practising day in and day out helped him (sharp) his skills. 【答案】to sharpen/sharpen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬·库里日复一日的练习帮助他提升技能。help sb to do sth“帮助某人做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾补，to可省略。sharp的动词sharpen，意为“改善，提高”。故填(to) sharpen。 44．Dunn’s high principles and pleasant manners won him the real affection of many (colleague). 【答案】colleagues 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：Dunn的高尚原则和令人愉快的举止为他赢得了许多同事的爱戴。colleague是可数名词，空前有many，应用复数形式，作宾语。故填colleagues。 45．The teacher tried to resolve a complex argument into its basic (element). 【答案】elements 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：老师试图把一个复杂的论点分解成基本要素。element“要素；组成部分”为可数名词；根据语境“老师试图把一个复杂的论点分解为基本的要素”可知，此处的要素应不止一个，应用复数形式。故填elements。 46．The driver changed lanes, (signal) his intention with the turn indicator. 【答案】signalling/signaling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：司机变更了车道，通过转向灯示意了自己的意图。此处signal与driver构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填signalling/signaling。 47．Nowadays many experts are (absorb) in studying Confucius philosophy. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如今，许多专家都沉浸在研究孔子哲学之中。be absorbed in sth./doing sth. 表示“沉浸于，专注于”，形容词作表语。故填absorbed。 48．He explained his (intend) to pursue a career in medicine to his supportive parents. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：他向支持他的父母解释了自己打算从事医学职业的意图。本空作explained的宾语，用名词intention“意图”，根据to pursue a career in medicine可知，此处指他打算从事医学职业的意图，用单数形式。故填intention。 49．The company celebrated its commitment to (diverse) by hiring employees from various backgrounds. 【答案】diversity 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司通过雇佣来自不同背景的员工，彰显了其对多元化的承诺。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词to后宾语，diversity，表“多样性”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填diversity。 50．College students often face (finance) challenges when studying abroad. 【答案】financial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大学生在出国留学时经常面临经济上的挑战。challenges是名词，应该用形容词作定语修饰名词，finance的形容词形式是financial，意为“财政的；金融的；经济的”，financial challenges表示“经济上的挑战”。故填financial。 题型一 阅读理解 （2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）In the genetic age, ecologists’ jobs are made much easier by two things. One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome (基因组). The second is that they drop these ID cards everywhere they go. Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where. “Every organism,” of course, includes humans. In a paper published on May 15th in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort. That DNA can be read—and potentially matched with individuals—by anyone with the right equipment.   The researchers did not set out to study “inadvertent human genetic bycatch”, as they call the phenomenon. The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease. The researchers sampled water from the turtle’s tanks, as well as from ocean water and beaches upon which the creatures nested, looking for viral DNA．   They expected to sweep up DNA from other species during their trawl (拖网). What was surprising, according to Jessica Farrell, a biologist at the Witney Hospital and one of the paper’s authors, was just how much human DNA they found. Even though many of their sampling sites were not near towns and cities, they found human genetic material in every sample they examined.   Interested, they expanded their search. In both Florida and in Ireland they found human DNA in rivers, with concentrations especially high as they flowed through towns. They found it in beach sand, and even in air from rooms in which humans had been working. Human DNA is not quite everywhere: it was not detectable in deep ocean water, or on remote beaches closed to the public. But anywhere that humans are, their DNA appears to be as well. In one sense, that is unsurprising. But advances in gene-sequencing meant there was enough information in the samples to deduce plenty of things about the humans in question. The researchers could pick out males thanks to DNA from the Y chromo some. They could infer an individual’s ancestry, and even spot mutations (突变) that affect a person’s disease risk. David Duffy, another of the paper’s authors, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons. But they had no doubt it could be done. 27．Which of the following about eDNA is true according to the passage? A．It provides a way to track the migration of animals. B．It allows researchers to restore individual organisms. C．It can be easily collected from all types of environments. D．It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species. 28．In this passage, the word “inadvertent” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”. A．familiar B．accidental C．insensitive D．regular 29．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The application of eDNA for identity confirmation has aroused concern. B．As expected, the researchers detected much human eDNA in their search. C．An individual’s gender and ancestry can be confirmed by means of eDNA． D．eDNA is instrumental in upgrading America’s database of missing people. 30．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Unintended Discoveries in Turtle Disease Research B．The Ecological Significance of Environmental DNA C．Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples D．Using Genetic Information to Identify Missing Persons 【答案】27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在及其相关应用。 27．细节理解题。根据第一段“One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome.(一是每个生物都有自己的化学身份证，以基因组的形式存在。)”和“Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where.(尿液，粘在树篱上的皮毛，甚至脱落的皮肤细胞：所有这些都将DNA沉积到环境中。廉价的基因测序使科学家能够从土壤、沙子、水等中获取这种“环境DNA”(eDNA)，并用它来跟踪哪些物种生活在哪里。)”可知，“环境DNA”里有DNA，而DNA包含了物种的遗传信息，因此关于eDNA正确的说法是D选项“It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species.(它包含了各种物种的丰富遗传信息。)”，故选D。 28．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease.(这项工作始于佛罗里达州的Witney Sea Turtle Hospital，当时正在调查一种海龟病毒性疾病。)”和第四段“What was surprising, according to Jessica Farrell, a biologist at the Witney Hospital and one of the paper’s authors, was just how much human DNA they found.(据惠特尼医院的生物学家、该论文的作者之一Jessica Farrell说，令人惊讶的是他们发现了如此多的人类DNA。)”可知，人类DNA是无意中被发现的，划线词所在句子表示“研究人员称这种现象为“无意的人类遗传副产品”，但他们并没有开始研究这种现象”，划线词inadvertent的意思是“无意的”，和accidental意思相近。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“David Duffy, another of the paper’s authors, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons.(该论文的另一位作者David Duffy说，他们找到的DNA的数量和质量“远远超过”纳入美国失踪人口数据库的最低要求。出于道德原因，Dr Duffy和他的同事们并没有试图在他们的研究中识别个体。)”可知，eDNA在身份确认中的应用引起了人们的担忧。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In a paper published on May 15th in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort.(在5月15日发表在《自然生态与进化》杂志上的一篇论文中，来自美国和欧洲的一组研究人员报告说，这种eDNA调查收集了大量的人类和动物DNA。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在及其相关应用，因此本文最好的题目是C选项“Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples(人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在)”。故选C。 2 （2025·北京朝阳·二模） Chinook salmon and their habitats in Seattle’s Thornton Creek suffered severely due to urban expansion, causing flash floods and biodiversity loss. Despite restoration efforts, the once-abundant salmon all but disappeared. During a conference, biologist Katherine Lynch proposed rebuilding the creek’s missing “liver” damaged by urbanization. Lynch has been studying the hyporheic zone, a layer of wet sediment (沉积物), small stones and tiny creatures beneath the streambed. It facilitates water mixing and oxygen delivery to salmon eggs, earning the nickname “liver of the river.” The disappearance of this zone threatens the health of waterways. Lynch recognized that, however, most restoration efforts in Seattle overlooked it or disconnected it from the surface water. Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachovec, Lynch redesigned Thornton Creek. They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. These accurately placed logs and rocks, known as “hyporheic structures,” also create pockets of slow water that provide safe shelters for juvenile fish — all meant to emulate features of a natural stream. Subsequent data analysis confirmed the stream functioned as Lynch’s team — and nature — intended. But was the stream also supporting life? Given that the stone and sand positioned were sterile (贫瘠的) territory, Lynch thought that a biological jumpstart might be necessary and that the return of life to restored creeks relied on organisms migrating from healthy upstream habitats. So her team tried another ground-breaking move: inoculating (接种) the engineered hyporheic zone with microbes (微生物), which quickly populated the areas. But even though the number of individuals was high, the biodiversity was relatively low. A 2021 study by stream ecologist Sarah Morley noted that while a few of the new species grew rapidly, most were similar to those in unrestored section. Scientists are exploring reasons for the limited survival of introduced species, and because this science is so new, they have not ruled out any potential explanations: differences in the donor stream, size of the restored area, or poor water quality. They might have inoculated the hyporheic too soon, before essential vegetation could establish. The Thornton Creek restorations have successfully prevented neighbourhood flooding, even during heavy storms, and stabilized the stream’s flow. Most notably, Chinook salmon returned to lay eggs in the restored hyporheic zones, touching Lynch deeply. She recalls, “this success suggests that small urban creek restorations can revitalize functioning ecosystems.” 28．What does the underlined word “emulate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Record. B．Copy. C．Monitor. D．Transform. 29．What can be inferred about the microbial inoculation in Thornton Creek? A．It introduced essential vegetation. B．It restored the original biodiversity. C．It increased the total quantity of microbes. D．It sourced microbes from downstream habitats. 30．What can we learn from Lynch’s restoration project? A．It focused on increasing water oxygen levels. B．It recreated the conditions of the donor stream. C．It removed human-made structures from the creek. D．It integrated physical redesign with bio-intervention. 31．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．To Revive a River, Restore Its Liver. B．Urbanization: A Silent Killer of a River. C．Chinook Salmon Boost the Diversity of Ecosystems. D．What Makes the Hyporheic Zone Vital for Restoration?. 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过重建溪流“肝脏”——潜流带，成功恢复生态系统功能并使鲑鱼回归的生态修复过程。 28．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. These accurately placed logs and rocks, known as “hyporheic structures,” also create pockets of slow water that provide safe shelters for juvenile fish — all meant to emulate features of a natural stream. (他们从策略上以精确的角度把原木放入水中，以制造出小瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生液压将水挤压进潜流带。这些精准放置的原木和石头被称为“潜流结构”，它们还形成了水流缓慢的区域，为幼鱼提供了安全的庇护所——这一切都是为了emulate自然溪流的特征)”可知，这些结构和设计都是为了模仿天然溪流的特征，所以“emulate”意思是“模仿”，与“copy”意思相近。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But even though the number of individuals was high, the biodiversity was relatively low. (但是，尽管个体数量很高，生物多样性却相对较低)”以及“So her team tried another ground-breaking move: inoculating (接种) the engineered hyporheic zone with microbes (微生物), which quickly populated the areas. (于是，她的团队尝试了另一项开创性的举措：向经过改造的潜流带接种微生物，这些微生物迅速在这些区域大量繁殖)”可知，对桑顿溪进行微生物接种后，微生物数量迅速增加，但生物多样性相对较低。所以可以推断出微生物接种增加了微生物的总量。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachovec, Lynch redesigned Thornton Creek. They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. (林奇与工程师迈克・赫拉乔韦茨合作，重新设计了桑顿溪。他们颇有策略地将原木以精确的角度放入水中，打造出微型瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生水压，迫使水流进入潜流带)”以及第四段中“So her team tried another ground-breaking move: inoculating (接种) the engineered hyporheic zone with microbes (微生物), which quickly populated the areas. (于是，她的团队尝试了另一项开创性的举措：向经过改造的潜流带接种微生物，这些微生物迅速在这些区域大量繁殖)”可知，林奇的修复项目既包括对溪流的物理重新设计，如放置原木和岩石来制造“潜流结构”，又包括生物干预，如对潜流带进行微生物接种，将两者结合起来，由此推知，林奇的修复项目将物理重新设计与生物干预相结合。故选D。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段中“During a conference, biologist Katherine Lynch proposed rebuilding the creek’s missing “liver” damaged by urbanization. (在一次会议上，生物学家凯瑟琳・林奇提议重建这条因城市化而受损、缺失的溪流“肝脏”)”可知，文章主要讲述了生物学家Katherine Lynch为了恢复西雅图桑顿溪的生态系统，提出重建被城市化破坏的溪流“肝脏”——潜流带的建议，并通过与工程师合作进行了一系列修复工作，最终取得了成功，使奇努克鲑鱼回到了修复后的潜流带产卵。A选项“To Revive a River, Restore Its Liver (要恢复一条河，先恢复它的“肝脏”)”能够很好地概括文章主旨，既体现了修复的对象是河流，又突出了恢复潜流带这一关键内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。 题型二 完形填空 （2025·北京朝阳·一模）New-born babies aren’t afraid of the dark. They don’t have a 1 of the dark yet; that comes later. One day, my 2-year-old daughter suddenly said, “Too dark!” after we turned out the light. She believed something was under the bed. To 2 her tears, I plugged in the desk lamp to prove there were no monsters. When I first started writing, I didn’t worry about the dark as I could create all kinds of stories. After graduation, I became a busy parent. My writing 3 . Nights that I would spend reading or thinking were gone. I wrote at 5 am before the 4 of the everyday housework—laundry, playdates and feedings—but soon nodded off. I was so 5 . Writing anxiety grew slowly. Worn out, I forgot to buy a nightlight. The desk lamp was too bright. A nightlight was enough to help my daughter see the outline of the bed. It would burn through the night, calming her fears. She didn’t need it to see; she needed it to feel 6 . In the basement I found an old plastic Christmas tree and took it up to her room. My daughter saw it and clapped 7 , “Light! My light!” It sits there year-round. A Christmas tree in July is odd, but perfect doesn’t 8 , and besides, it casts the ideal amount of light. In being a parent and a writer, there is no fixed 9 , no one way of doing things that is right; some things that we must do are odd. Many things bring the light. Some bring just enough light that you are no longer afraid. The shadowy light that says, Don’t be scared, write it! It is a light to 10 you, to keep you going. And it burns through the night, keeping the monsters at bay. 1．A．secret B．hope C．fear D．habit 2．A．wipe B．hide C．stop D．draw 3．A．slowed B．ceased C．improved D．increased 4．A．training B．division C．movement D．repetition 5．A．lonely B．tired C．focused D．energetic 6．A．safe B．quiet C．proud D．confident 7．A．shyly B．softly C．politely D．excitedly 8．A．last B．exist C．work D．arrive 9．A．need B．term C．bond D．routine 10．A．guide B．blind C．attract D．follow 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过对自身经历的叙述，鼓励人们要勇于追寻生命中的能指引你前行的那束光。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还不害怕黑暗。A. secret秘密；B. hope希望；C. fear害怕；D. habit习惯。根据上句“New-born babies aren’t afraid of the dark.(刚出生的婴儿不怕黑。)”可知，这里指刚出生的婴儿对黑不害怕，以后才会有恐惧感。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了止住她的眼泪，我插上了台灯的插头，以证明没有怪物。A. wipe擦掉；B. hide隐藏；C. stop停止；D. draw绘画。根据“to prove there were no monsters”可知，女儿因为害怕有怪物所以哭泣，作者插上了台灯的插头是为了证明没有怪物，从而止住女儿的眼泪。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的写作慢了下来。A. slowed放慢速度；B. ceased终止；C. improved提高；D. increased增加。根据下文“I wrote at 5 am before the 　4　 of the everyday housework—laundry, playdates and feedings—but soon nodded off.(我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。)”可知，作者每日忙于家务，非常疲惫，所以写作速度也变慢了。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。A. training训练；B. division分歧；C. movement运动；D. repetition重复。根据上文“I became a busy parent.(我成了一个忙碌的家长。)”和句中的“everyday housework”及常识可知，作者成为家长后非常忙碌，每天都要重复做琐碎的家务活。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我太累了。A. lonely孤独的；B. tired累的；C. focused专注的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上句“I wrote at 5 am before the 　4　 of the everyday housework—laundry, playdates and feedings—but soon nodded off.(我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。)”及下文“Worn out(感到筋疲力尽)”可知，作者每天都很忙碌及疲惫。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她需要它来感到安全。A. safe安全的；B. quiet安静的；C. proud自豪的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“It would burn through the night, calming her fears.(它会整夜亮着，安抚她的恐惧。)”可知，女儿需要这盏小夜灯安抚她的恐惧，让她不再害怕，有安全感。故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我女儿看到了，兴奋地拍手：“光！我的光!”A. shyly害羞地；B. softly温柔地；C. politely礼貌地；D. excitedly兴奋地。根据女儿的欢呼““Light! My light!””可知，女儿看见圣诞树时是非常兴奋的。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：七月的圣诞树是奇怪的，但完美是不存在的，而且，它投下了理想数量的光。A. last持续；B. exist存在；C. work工作；D. arrive到达。根据常识可知，世上没有完美的东西，所以完美是不存在的。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为父母和作家，没有固定的惯例，没有一种正确的做事方法。A. need需要；B. term学期；C. bond联系；D. routine惯例。根据句中“no one way of doing things that is right”和常识可知，作为父母和作家，没有什么正确的做事方法，可见也没有固定的生活方式和日常习惯。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是一束指引你前进的光。A. guide引导、指引；B. blind蒙蔽；C. attract吸引；D. follow跟随。根据上句“The shadowy light that says, Don’t be scared, write it!(阴影的光说，不要害怕，写下来！)”和本句中“to keep you going”可知，这是一束指引你前行的光。故选A。 【2025北京卷】At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. The ____1____ to stand out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision. One day, during a class in the IT lab with my classmates, our teacher mentioned missing computer parts. ____2____ looks exchanged, everyone wondered how it could happen in a(n) ____3____ lab. “It’s possible to open that lock with another key,” I said. Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity. It was a rush I had never experienced before. Enjoying all the eyes on me, I ____4____ how to open the lock. Little did I realize that single moment would ruin everything. The following day, called to the headmaster’s office, I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts. “I didn’t do it, sir,” I argued, but suspicion ____5____ his eyes. His repeated ____6____ intensified, pushing me to the edge of fear and tears. In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I ____7____ confessed (承认). The headmaster asked my father to come to school, whose shaky faith in me brought a mix of relief and ____8____. My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions. ____9____, I confessed my misguided longing for recognition. In the headmaster’s office, my father listened attentively, and then spoke with quiet authority: “I trust my son. He is not a thief.” With my father’s support, I learned a valuable lesson: ____10____ cannot be forced; true recognition comes from honourable acts. 1. A. promise B. competition C. desire D. hesitation 2. A. Curious B. Hopeful C. Distant D. Envious 3. A. expensive B. locked C. modern D. abandoned 4. A. discovered B. recommended C. demonstrated D. imagined 5. A. caught B. clouded C. hurt D. brightened 6. A. questioning B. reminding C. complaining D. requesting 7. A. warmly B. readily C. randomly D. falsely 8. A. pride B. patience C. shame D. surprise 9. A. Generously B. Tearfully C. Carelessly D. Strangely 10. A. tolerance B. gratitude C. sympathy D. attention 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了15岁的作者为了引起关注分享开锁方法，却被怀疑偷电脑零件，在校长逼问下作者被迫承认，最后父亲表示相信作者，作者也明白了真正的认可来自高尚行为的道理。1.【答案】 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：引起注意的欲望吞噬着我，促使我做出了一个令人遗憾的决定。A. promise承诺；B. competition竞争；C. desire欲望；D. hesitation犹豫。根据前文“At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.”可知，作者学业优秀却感觉不被关注，所以有引起注意的欲望。故选C项。 2.【答案】 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家交换着好奇的眼神，都想知道在一个锁着的实验室里怎么会发生这种事。A. Curious好奇的；B. Hopeful有希望的；C. Distant遥远的；D. Envious嫉妒的。根据后文“everyone wondered how it could happen”可知，大家对电脑零件丢失这件事感到好奇。故选A项。 3.【答案】 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家交换着好奇的眼神，都想知道在一个锁着的实验室里怎么会发生这种事。A. expensive昂贵的；B. locked锁着的；C. modern现代的；D. abandoned废弃的。根据后文“It’s possible to open that lock with another key”可知，实验室是锁着的。故选B项。 4.【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：享受着所有人的目光，我演示了如何开锁。A. discovered发现；B. recommended推荐；C. demonstrated演示；D. imagined想象。根据前文作者的话“It’s possible to open that lock with another key”和“Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity.”可知，作者知道如何用其它钥匙开锁，为了享受大家的关注，所以演示了开锁方法。故选C项。 5.【答案】 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我没做，先生，”我争辩道，但他的眼中充满了怀疑。A. caught抓住；B. clouded使模糊，笼罩，显得阴沉（或恐惧、愤怒等）；C. hurt伤害；D. brightened使明亮。根据前文“I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts.”可知，校长怀疑作者，怀疑的神色笼罩在他眼中，眼中显示出怀疑的神色。故选B项。 6.【答案】 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他反复的询问加剧了，把我逼到了恐惧和流泪的边缘。A. questioning询问；B. reminding提醒；C. complaining抱怨；D. requesting请求。根据前文“His repeated”和后文“pushing me to the edge of fear and tears”可知，校长反复询问作者，让作者感到害怕。故选A项。 7.【答案】 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了摆脱不断增加的压力，我谎称自己有罪。A. warmly热情地；B. readily乐意地；C. randomly随机地；D. falsely错误地，不实地。根据前文“I didn’t do it, sir”可知，作者没偷东西，结合“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure”可知，作者为了摆脱压力，所以虚假地承认。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：校长请父亲来学校一趟，他对我不太坚定的信任让我既感到一丝宽慰，又觉得羞愧难当。A. pride骄傲；B. patience耐心；C. shame羞愧；D. surprise惊讶。根据前文“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I ___7____ confessed (承认).”和“The headmaster asked my father to come to school”可知，作者被迫承认偷了东西，现在校长请来了父亲。结合常识，父亲的到来会带给处于困境中的作者一丝宽慰，但同时，作者也会因自己为了引起关注而犯下的错误感到羞愧。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我泪流满面地承认了自己对认可的错误渴望。A. Generously慷慨地；B. Tearfully含泪地；C. Carelessly粗心地；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据前文“pushing me to the edge of fear and tears”和“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I ___7___confessed (承认).”可知，作者因为害怕和委屈流泪了，并被迫承认偷了东西。父亲来时，作者是含泪承认自己为了引起关注而犯下的错误。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了父亲的支持，我学到了宝贵的一课：关注不能强求；真正的认可来自高尚的行为。A. tolerance容忍；B. gratitude感激；C. sympathy同情；D. attention关注。根据前文“At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.”可知，作者一直渴望得到关注，所以这里说关注不能强求。故选D项。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 人教版必修全三册词汇练透 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查必修一词汇 考向02 考查必修二词汇 考向03 考查必修三词汇 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查必修一词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．Additionally, I am o (外向的) and friendly, which enables me to communicate with people easily and make the work in the club smooth. 【答案】outgoing/utgoing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，我性格外向且友好，这使我能轻松与人沟通，让俱乐部的工作顺利进行。此处为形容词，在句中作表语，根据首字母“o”及汉语提示“外向的”，应为形容词outgoing，符合句意。故填outgoing。 2．Making dumplings at New Year's Eve is always an a (事情) with the whole family. 【答案】affair/ffair 【详解】考查名词。句意：在除夕夜包饺子总是需要全家一起参与的活动。根据中英文提示可知用名词affair，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填affair。 3．They can use another key ( 策略) for conflict resolution: listening. 【答案】strategy 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们可以使用另一种用于解决冲突的关键策略：倾听。根据括号中的汉语提示，表示“策略”用名词strategy在句中作宾语；根据前文的another，可知此处表示单数意义。故填strategy。 4．“That would be a very r thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said. 【答案】reasonable/easonable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：“在大城市里这么做倒是很合理，但对像我们这样的小村庄来说，这可能会造成毁灭性的影响。”尼克说道。该词作定语修饰名词thing，需要填形容词。根据单词首字母和句意“合理的”可知，形容词为reasonable。故填reasonable。 5．He is two weeks to me and thus I should call him my elder brother. 【答案】senior 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他比我大两周，因此我应该称他为哥哥。根据下文“I should call him my elder brother”可知，他比我大两周，表示“比……年长”用be senior to，senior是形容词，意为“年长的”。故填senior。 6．Swiftly, we (交换) our contact details, a silent pact of honor formed between us. 【答案】exchanged 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们迅速交换了联系方式，彼此之间形成了一种无声的诚信约定。根据汉语提示“交换”可知，对应的动词为exchange，结合语境“formed（形成）”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，exchange的过去式为exchanged。故填exchanged。 7．My English level got (提升) and I owed my improvement to my former English teacher. 【答案】improved 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我的英语水平得到了提升，我把我的进步归功于我以前的英语老师。谓语动词got在此处用作系动词，该词常用于结构“get + 过去分词”，表示“达到某种状态”，动词 improve和逻辑主语my English是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填 improved。 8．She even explored the (校园) a little after school and took a tour of the library. 【答案】campus 【详解】考查名词。句意：她甚至在放学后稍微逛了一下校园，还参观了图书馆。根据汉语提示“校园”以及上文定冠词the，可知应填名词campus，此处表示特指的校园，用单数形式，在句中作动词explored的宾语。故填campus。 9．‌“The view from the mountaintop was (令人惊奇的); I had never seen anything like it before.” 【答案】amazing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：山顶的景色令人惊奇，我以前从未见过这样的景色。“令人惊奇的”作表语，用-ing形容词amazing，描述主语“The view”的特征。故填amazing。 10．The political d (辩论) about the new tax policy lasted for hours, with no clear consensus reached. 【答案】debate/ebate 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于新税收政策的政治辩论持续了数小时，却未能达成明确的共识。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“辩论”应用debate，为可数名词，再由语境可知，这里特指“那一场辩论”，所以应用单数形式作主语。故填debate。 11．The ancient d (王朝) that ruled for centuries left a lasting impact on the country’s culture and traditions. 【答案】dynasty/ynasty 【详解】考查名词。句意：那个统治了几个世纪的古代王朝对这个国家的文化和传统产生了深远的影响。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“王朝”应用dynasty，为可数名词，再由语境可知，这里特指“那一个古代王朝”，应用单数形式作主语。故填dynasty。 12．The news of his sudden d (死亡) left everyone in shock and sadness. 【答案】death/eath 【详解】考查名词。句意：他突然去世的消息让所有人都感到震惊和悲伤。sudden是形容词，表示“突然的”，作定语修饰所填词，所填词要用名词。所填词以d开头而且表示“死亡”，要用death。此处表抽象意义，为不可数名词，故填death。 13．All Olympic a (运动员) gave an inspiring speech before the start of the games, motivating everyone to do their best. 【答案】athletes/thletes 【详解】考查名词。句意：所有奥运会运动员在赛事开始前发表了鼓舞人心的演讲，激励着每个人全力以赴。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“运动员”应用athlete，为可数名词，且由空前All可知，这里应用复数形式作主语。故填athletes。 14．He lived a simple life but was always c (满足的) with what he had. 【答案】contented/ontented 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他过着简朴的生活，但总是对他所拥有的感到满足。根据首字母以及中文提示可知，形容词contented“满足的”符合句意，在句中作表语，故填contented。 15．I have given you s (具体的；明确的) instructions. 【答案】specific/pecific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我已经向你下达了明确的指示。根据汉语提示和首字母s以及空格后的名词instructions可知，空格处应该用形容词specific作定语，修饰下文的名词。故填specific。 16．He likes asking questions, and he is (好奇的) about everything. 【答案】curious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他喜欢问问题，对一切都好奇。根据汉语提示可知用形容词curious，作表语。故填curious。 17．You need to a the glue evenly on both surfaces to ensure a strong bond. 【答案】apply/pply 【详解】考查动词。句意：你需要在两个表面上均匀地涂抹胶水，以确保粘合牢固。根据首字母a可知，本空用动词apply“涂抹”，位于不定式符号to后，所以空处应填动词原形。故填apply。 18．From his (困惑的) look, we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a question to him. 【答案】confused/puzzled 【详解】考查形容词。句意：从他困惑的表情中，我们可以看出他没有料到我们会向他提出这样的问题。空处作定语，修饰名词look，结合汉语提示可知，形容词confused/puzzled符合题意，故填confused/puzzled。 19．Pollution has a great (影响) on air quality. 【答案】effect 【详解】考查名词。句意：污染对空气质量有着很大的影响。空处应用名词，作宾语；effect为名词，表示“影响”，动词短语have an effect on表示“对……有影响”，符合句意。故填effect。 20．Her (决心)never wavered. 【答案】determination/resolution 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的决心从未动摇。“决心”对应的英文名词是determination/resolution，在句中作主语，且为不可数名词，故填determination/resolution。 21．Never give up without a s (奋斗) . 【答案】struggle/truggle 【详解】考查名词。句意：绝不能在没有奋斗的情况下轻易放弃。根据中英文提示可知用名词struggle，作宾语，故填struggle。 22．D being tired, we kept moving forward. 【答案】Despite/espite 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管很累，我们还是继续前进。此处为介词，后接动名词being tired作宾语，根据首字母提示及语境，此处应为介词despite表示“尽管”，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Despite。 23．Both buildings were badly a (影响) by the fire. 【答案】affected/ffected 【详解】考查动词。句意：两栋建筑都受到火灾的严重影响。结合中英文提示可知，affect“影响”，动词，应用过去分词和前面的were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填affected。 24．The thief s into the shop and searched for the valuable necklace. 【答案】slid/lid 【详解】考查动词。句意：小偷溜进商店，搜寻那条贵重的项链。此处为谓语动词，根据首字母提示及语境，此处表示“溜进”，应为动词slide；结合句中searched（过去式）可知，句子时态为一般过去时，slide的过去式为slid，符合句意。故填slid。 25．We were e delighted to hear your good news. 【答案】extremely/xtremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：听到你的好消息，我们非常高兴。此处为副词修饰形容词delighted，根据首字母提示及语境，此处表示“非常”，应为副词extremely，符合句意。故填extremely。 26．What were your first i (印象) of college? 【答案】impressions/mpressions 【详解】考查名词。句意：你对大学的第一印象是什么？此处为名词作主语，根据汉语提示“印象”及首字母“i”可知，应为名词impression，结合谓语动词were可知，主语为复数形式，所以此处使用impression的复数impressions。故填impressions。 27．Feeling e (极度) discouraged, I almost gave up. But I overcame my fear with the support of my teachers and friends. 【答案】extremely/xtremely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我感到极度沮丧，几乎要放弃了。但在老师和朋友们的支持下，我克服了恐惧。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母 e 开头且表示“极度”含义的表达为extremely，此处修饰形容词discouraged，应用副词形式。故填extremely。 28．The success or f (失败) of the plan depends on you. 【答案】failure/ailure 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个计划的成败取决于你。名词failure作为“失败”之意，为不可数名词。根据汉语提示及句意，故填failure。 29．Recent years have witnessed the changes in public a (态度) to marriage. 【答案】attitude/ttitude 【详解】考查名词。句意：近年来，公众对于婚姻的看法发生了变化。根据中英文提示可知用名词attitude，作宾语。故填attitude。 30．Does the writer give a clear (描述) of the problem? 【答案】description 【详解】考查名词。句意：作者对这个问题的描述清晰明了吗？根据汉语提示可知用名词description，作宾语，故填description。 31．We stopped our car by the road and took time to a (欣赏) the amazing sunset view. 【答案】admire/dmire；appreciate/ppreciate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们把车停在路边，花时间欣赏令人惊叹的日落美景。“欣赏”为“admire或者appreciate”；to后接动词原形。故填admire/appreciate。 32．I was excited to share all the a (奇遇) I had experienced in Egypt and Greece during the summer holidays. 【答案】adventures/dventures 【详解】考查名词。句意：我很兴奋能分享我暑假在埃及和希腊经历的所有奇遇。adventure表示“奇遇，冒险经历”，为可数名词，由all可知，这里要用复数形式adventures作宾语。故填adventures。 33．We have got two men called Bob Smith working in our company, so it is a bit c (令人困惑的). 【答案】confusing/onfusing 【详解】考查形容词。 句意：我们公司有两个叫鲍勃·史密斯的人在工作，所以有点令人困惑。confusing是形容词，意为“令人困惑的”作表语，故填confusing。 34．Ancient Greek (文明) made significant contributions to philosophy, art, and science.​ 【答案】civilization/civilisation 【详解】考查名词。句意：古希腊文明在哲学、艺术和科学方面做出了重大贡献。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词civilization/civilization“文明”为不可数名词，作主语，满足句意要求。故填civilization/civilisation。 35．I really a it when my friends help me out in difficult times. 【答案】appreciate/ppreciate 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我的朋友们在我困难的时候伸出援手时，我真的很感激他们。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用动词appreciate，作谓语，根据后文help可知为一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用原形。故填appreciate。 36．The government has declared a state of e (紧急情况) following the earthquake. 【答案】emergency/mergency 【详解】考查名词。句意：地震发生后，政府宣布进入紧急状态。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填名词“紧急情况”，其英文为emergency，此处为名词短语a state of emergency，表示“紧急状态”。故填emergency。 37．The old man shared his life (智慧) with the younger generation patiently. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】wisdom/wit/intelligence 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位老人耐心地与年轻一代分享他的人生智慧。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示可知，表示“智慧”可用不可数名词wisdom、wit或intelligence，三者均符合语境。故填wisdom。 38．Researchers have ploughed through 16,000 different pieces of (古典的), rock and jazz music. 【答案】classic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：研究人员研究了16000种不同的古典音乐、摇滚音乐和爵士音乐。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词music，“古典的”的形容词是classic。故填classic。 39．Many of the plants you have r (有规律地) in food and drink have medical elements. 【答案】regularly/egularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：你日常饮食中所包含的许多植物成分都具有一定的药用价值。根据单词首字母以及含义“有规律地”，可知应填副词regularly。故填regularly。 40． (显然), Thando forgot about our meeting today. 【答案】Obviously 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，桑多把我们今天的会议给忘了。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填副词obviously“显然”，作状语，修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Obviously。 41．People were desperately seeking s (庇护) from the gunfire. 【答案】shelter/helter 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们拼命地找地方躲避炮火。根据汉语提示和首字母s以及空格前的seeking可知，空格处应该用名词shelter作宾语。故填shelter。 42．He gained (信心) when he went to senior high school. 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：当他上高中时，他获得了信心。根据汉语提示“信心”及设空处前的动词gained可知，此处应填名词作宾语，confidence为不可数名词，符合句意及语法要求。故填confidence。 43． (实际上), eating habits can vary a lot over the centuries. 【答案】Actually 【详解】考查副词。句意：实际上，几个世纪以来，人们的饮食习惯变化很大。表示“实际上”使用副词actually，作状语修饰整个句子，首字母应大写，故填Actually。 44．She was a woman of unique talent and (决心). 【答案】determination 【详解】考查名词。句意：她是一个有独特才能和决心的女人。根据汉语提示和句意可知是名词determination，作宾语，表示抽象含义，不可数。故填determination。 45．Please confirm the delivery (目的地) before submitting your order. 【答案】destination 【详解】考查名词。句意：提交订单之前请确认收货地址。根据句意及汉语提示词，表示“目的地”可使用英文单词destination，为可数名词，在句中作宾语，根据“submitting your order”可知destination表单数概念。故填destination。 46．My work s is filled with meetings, leaving no time for a quick coffee break. 【答案】schedule/chedule 【详解】考查名词。句意：我的工作日程排满了会议，没有时间快速喝杯咖啡休息一下。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词schedule“日程安排”，作主语，由is可知，应用名词单数形式。故填schedule。 47．The problem is too complex; we need a practical s (解决方案). 【答案】solution/olution 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个问题太复杂了，我们需要一个实际的解决方案。根据句意及中英文提示可知，此处使用名词solution，作宾语，表示“解决方案”。故填solution。 48．He b (呼吸) deeply before jumping into the cold water. 【答案】breathed/reathed 【详解】考查动词。句意：在跳入冰冷的水中之前，他先深深地吸了一口气。根据汉语提示和首字母b可知，空格处应该用breathe作谓语，由句意和下文的before jumping into the cold water可知，描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填breathed。 49．The students felt c (自信的) after practicing spoken English. 【答案】confident/onfident 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在练习英语口语后，学生们感到很自信。根据句意及中英文提示可知，此处使用形容词confident，作表语，修饰主语The students。故填confident。 50．I was lost in the city when a stranger came to my r and gave me directions. 【答案】rescue/escue 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在城里迷路了，这时一个陌生人来帮我，给我指了路。根据首字母r及语境可知，此处使用名词rescue，固定短语“come to one’s rescue”，表示“来营救某人，来帮助某人”。名词rescue作宾语。故填rescue。 2、 单句语法填空50题 1．He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered terrible back pain. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：20年前，当他遭受严重的背痛时，他开始对替代疗法产生兴趣。分析句子可知，设空处应填介词，“suffer from”为固定搭配，意为“遭受……之苦”，此处介词from与动词suffer搭配构成固定短语，在句中引出“遭受”的具体对象。故填from。 2．The fifth mass extinction occurred about 66 million years ago, causing the (die) of the dinosaurs. 【答案】death 【详解】考查名词。句意：第五次大灭绝发生在大约6, 600万年前，导致了恐龙的灭绝。此处作cause的宾语，且被定冠词the修饰，应用die的名词形式death，表示“死亡，永久的灭亡，终结”这一概念，为不可数名词。故填death。 3．There is no doubt that you must have wide vocabulary if you want to learn English well. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：毫无疑问，如果你想学好英语，就必须掌握大量词汇。空后有形容词wide和单数可数名词vocabulary，可知要用冠词。由于vocabulary第一次出现，要用不定冠词表示泛指。wide发音以辅音因素开头，故填a。 4．The report on those figures shows that more basic facilities are demand. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：关于这些数字的报告表明，需要更多的基础设施。由more basic facilities可知，句子表示“关于这些数字的报告表明，需要更多的基础设施”，in demand为固定搭配，意为“需求大”。故填in。 5．As well as expanding renewable energy generation, EU member states (seek) fossil fuels from other nations, such as gas from Qatar and oil from Saudi Arabia. 【答案】are seeking 【详解】考查时态。句意：除了扩大可再生能源发电之外，欧盟成员国还在从其他国家寻求化石燃料，比如从卡塔尔进口天然气，从沙特阿拉伯进口石油。空处为句子的谓语动词，主语EU member states与seek为主动关系，再由语境可知，这里强调当前阶段正在发生的情况，应用现在进行时，主语EU member states是复数，因此be动词用are。故填are seeking。 6．When I watched the Chinese flag rising, my heart was filled with pride and (strong). 【答案】strength 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我看到中国国旗升起时，我的心中充满了自豪和力量。此空与名词pride并列，作介词with的宾语，应用名词。strength意为“力量”，在此作不可数名词，故填strength。 7．A (power) 7.2-magnitude earthquake hit the city, killing at least 200 people. 【答案】powerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一场7.2级的强烈地震袭击了这座城市，造成至少200人死亡。修饰名词earthquake应用power的形容词形式powerful作定语，意为“强烈的，猛烈的，强有力的”。故填powerful。 8．More than fifty students took part in this composition (compete) to compete first prize. 【答案】 competition for 【详解】考查名词和固定短语。句意：五十多名学生参加了这次作文比赛，争夺一等奖。分析句子可知，第一空作took part in的宾语，且前有限定成分this，应用可数名词单数形式，意为“比赛”，满足句意要求。第二个空，为固定短语，“compete for”，意为“为……竞争”，此处表示“为一等奖竞争”，故填入介词“for”。故填①competition②for。 9．New books make half of the library’s collection, attracting many readers this semester. 【答案】up 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：新书占了图书馆藏书的一半，这学期吸引了许多读者。此处为固定短语make up“组成，构成”，满足句意要求。故填up。 10．The rapid development of the tourism leads to a boost in (economy) growth in this area. 【答案】economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：旅游业的快速发展促进该地区的经济增长。设空处修饰名词growth，作定语，表示“经济（上）的”，应用形容词economic。故填economic。 11．She realised she should take control her emotions and not let them control her. 【答案】of   【详解】考查介词。句意：她意识到她应该控制情绪而不是让情绪控制她。 take control of…为固定搭配，意为“控制……”。故填of。 12．I think everyone is happy about this new ( arrange ) for the trip. 【答案】arrangement 【详解】考查名词。句意：我想每个人都对这次旅行的新安排感到高兴。所给词“arrange”是动词，意为“安排”。句中“new”是形容词，其后需要接名词，“arrange”的名词形式是“arrangement”（安排）。又因为前面有“this”（这个）修饰，所以用单数形式“arrangement”。故填arrangement。 13．No matter talkative you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent. 【答案】how 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你多么健谈，总有一些时候保持沉默会更好。引导让步状语从句，修饰形容词talkative，使用no matter how“无论多么”引导从句。故填how。 14．When China’s ancient scientific and technological achievements are mentioned, people will generally refer the Four Great Inventions. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：当提到中国古代的科技成就时，人们通常会提到四大发明。refer to是固定搭配，意为“提到，谈及”，此处表示提到四大发明。故填to。 15．People to shopping online have difficulty in quitting the . (addict) 【答案】 addicted addiction 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：网上购物成瘾的人很难戒掉购物瘾。be addicted to…为固定搭配，意为“对……上瘾”，第一空作后置定语，修饰People，故填addicted；第二空在句中作quitting的宾语，且其前有定冠词the修饰，故应填名词形式，此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填①addicted；②addiction。 16．The child behaved so well at the party that all the people present praised his good (behave). 【答案】behaviour/behavior 【详解】考查名词。句意为：那孩子在聚会上表现得很好，以至于在场所有人都称赞他的良好行为。设空处在句中作praised的宾语，且其前有形容词性物主代词his和形容词good修饰，故应填名词形式，意为“行为”，为不可数名词behaviour或behavior。故填behaviour或behavior。 17．The research reveals that teenagers find it difficult to concentrate their studies after playing mobile games continuously for an hour. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：研究显示，青少年在连续玩手机游戏一个小时后，很难集中精力于学业。concentrate on为固定搭配，意为“集中精力于；专心致志于”。故填on。 18．Talking about fires is (frighten) because no one likes to think about people getting hurt or things getting burned. 【答案】frightening 【详解】考查形容词。句意：谈论火灾是可怕的，因为没有人会喜欢想到有人受伤或东西被烧毁。此处应用形容词作表语。主语是Talking about fires，所以应该用形容词frightening“令人害怕的；可怕的”作表语，修饰事物。故填frightening。 19．The first day of a new school usually causes much (anxious), especially for children. 【答案】anxiety 【详解】考查名词。句意：在新学校的第一天通常会引起许多焦虑，尤其是对孩子们来说。设空处作causes的宾语，应用anxious的名词形式anxiety，为不可数名词，应填anxiety。 20．The possibilities are endless, and I have (confident)in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. 【答案】confidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：可能性是无限的，我相信你有能力对你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家带来改变。用不可数名词confidence作动词have的宾语。故填confidence。 21．The (explore) of new energy sources is of great importance for the future of our planet. 【答案】exploration 【详解】考查名词。句意：新能源的探索对我们星球的未来至关重要。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作主语，使用exploration表“探索”。故填exploration。 22．He booked the ticket advance so he wouldn’t miss the wonderful movie. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：他提前订了票，这样就不会错过这场精彩的电影了。in advance是固定短语，意为“提前”符合句意。故填in。 23．She decided to quit (doubt) herself and pursue her dreams with confidence. 【答案】doubting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：她决定不再怀疑自己，满怀信心地追求自己的梦想。quit doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“停止做某事”，所以此处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填doubting。 24．As a teacher, it is my (responsible) to encourage my students to work hard to achieve their dreams. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名教师，鼓励我的学生努力学习以实现他们的梦想是我的责任。分析句子可知，设空处前有形容词性物主代词my修饰，应填名词作表语，“责任”对应的名词是responsibility，此处表示单数概念。故填responsibility。 25．There’s been a great (improve) in his history and literature this term. 【答案】improvement 【详解】考查名词。句意：这学期他的历史和文学已经有很大的进步。此处为there be句型，设空处在句中作主语，且空前有a和great修饰，应用可数名词单数，意为“改进之处”。故填improvement。 26．Your choice of clothes is a reflection of your (personal). 【答案】personality 【详解】考查名词。句意：你对衣服的选择反映了你的个性。根据空前的介词of和形容词性物主代词your可知，此处应用personal的名词形式personality作介词of的宾语，意为“个性”，为不可数名词。故填personality。 27．In 2005, Oliver established an (organise), which acted as a bridge for foreign people seeking to have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 【答案】organisation 【详解】考查名词。句意：2005年，奥利弗成立了一个组织，该组织为试图增进对中国文化了解的外国人架起了一座桥梁。设空处作动词established的宾语，且被不定冠词an修饰，应用可数名词单数，此处表示“组织”。故填organisation。 28．With everyone’s (unify) efforts, all the people trapped were rescued before noon. 【答案】unified 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在大家的共同努力下，所有被困人员在中午前都获救了。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，unified，表示“统一的；联合的”，unified efforts意为 “共同努力”，符合语境。故填unified。 29．With (determine) and the right approach, I firmly believe that nothing is too difficult to overcome. 【答案】determination 【详解】考查名词。句意：只要有决心和正确的方法，我坚信没有什么是克服不了的。空处和下文approach并列作介词with的宾语，名词determination“决心”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填determination。 30．For downloadable lessons, visit the (office) website of Children’s Theatre. 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如需可下载的课程，请访问儿童剧院的官方网站。此处修饰名词“website”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“office”为名词，意为“办公室”，其形容词形式是official，意为“官方的”，official website表示“官方网站”，符合语境。故填official。 31．Anger seizing me for unknown reasons, I stared angrily into John’s eyes, (challenge) him to argue with me. 【答案】challenging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无名怒火涌上心头，我愤怒地盯着 John 的眼睛，挑战他与我争论。句子谓语为stared，此处需用非谓语动词形式修饰主句动作，表示伴随状态或同时发生的动作。所给词 challenge和其逻辑主语 I之间是主动关系，因此需用现在分词形式表示主动。故填challenging。 32．Currently, (advance) new energy vehicles have entered our lives, helping reduce air pollution. 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：目前，先进的新能源汽车已经走进我们的生活，有助于减少空气污染。修饰名词vehicles，用形容词advanced，作定语。故填advanced。 33．A torch (手电筒) along with (suit) clothing is essential for walking in the dark. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在黑暗中行走，手电筒和合适的衣服是必不可少的。此处修饰名词“clothing”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“suit”为动词，意为“适合”，其形容词形式是suitable，意为“合适的”，符合语境。故填suitable。 34．The people are working crazily on different (arrange) for the meeting. 【答案】arrangements 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们正在疯狂地为会议做各种安排。本空作on的宾语，应用名词arrangement“安排”，由different修饰，应用复数形式。故填arrangements。 35．He does morning exercises every day to improve his ( fit). 【答案】fitness 【详解】考查名词。句意：他每天都会进行晨练以增强体质。作动词的宾语，用名词fitness，故填fitness。 36．I have no enough (strong) left to move my feet. 【答案】strength 【详解】考查名词。句意：我没有足够的力气挪动我的脚了。提示词作宾语，用名词strength，意为“力气”，不可数名词。故填strength。 37．My first (impress) of her was that she was an outgoing woman.   【答案】impression 【详解】考查名词。句意：我对她的第一印象是她是一个外向的女人。提示词作主语，用可数名词形式impression，意为“印象”，结合系动词was可知，主语是单数形式。故填impression。 38．I have a lot of (solve) to this problem. 【答案】solutions 【详解】考查名词。句意：对于这个问题，我有很多解决办法。根据空格前的动词have可知，空格处应该用名词solution作宾语，solution是可数名词，由a lot of可知，应该用复数形式。故填solutions。 39．The background music created an atmosphere the students could exchange their ideas freely. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：背景音乐营造了一种学生能够自由交流想法的氛围。这里考查定语从句，先行词an atmosphere ，为抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 40．With the changes in climate, dinosaurs disappeared, but many smaller species lived on, which was just the (survive) of the fittest. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：随着世界气候的变化，恐龙灭绝了，但许多较小的动物活了下来，这就是适者生存。空前有the，空格处名词作表语，the survival of the fittest意为“适者生存”。故填survival。 41．You should talk to your friend about his (behave) and tell him should behave (he). 【答案】 behaviour himself 【详解】考查名词和代词。句意：你应该和你的朋友谈谈他的行为举止，告诉他应该注意自己的言行举止。第一空作介词的宾语，用名词behaviour，不可数；第二空为短语behave oneself，表示“表现得得体”，结合前文的him可知用反身代词himself。故填①behaviour；②himself。 42．Jane turned to her teacher for help to find a (solve) to the problem. 【答案】solution 【详解】考查名词。句意：Jane向老师求助，以找到这个问题的解决方案。空格处需要填入一个名词，作为find的宾语，solve的名词为solution，意为“解决方案”。故填solution。 43．We should do some (volunteer) work to help others. 【答案】voluntary/volunteer 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：我们应该做一些自愿的工作来帮助他人。空格处应填入volunteer的形容词来voluntary修饰名词work，意为“自愿的”,voluntary work“自愿的工作”；此处也可理解为“义工”，表达为volunteer work，名词volunteer作定语。故填voluntary/volunteer。 44．I am writing to apply the job as a lawyer in your company. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我写信是为了申请贵公司律师一职。根据语境，这里表达申请公司的律师工作，“apply for”是固定短语，意为“申请”，符合句意。故填for。 45．It’s a fast-growing fish that can grow to a (long) of over 4 feet in its first year. 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是一种生长迅速的鱼，在第一年就可以长到超过 4 英尺的长度。空格处位于不定冠词“a”和介词“of”之间，需用名词形式，long的名词形式为length表示“长度”，a length of为固定搭配，意为“…… 的长度”，符合语境。故填length。 46． (breathe) slowly, she focused on the yoga coach’s instructions. 【答案】Breathing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：她缓缓呼吸，专注于瑜伽教练的指导。she与breathe为主动关系，用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Breathing。 47．The wetlands are home to a large (various) of wildlife. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：湿地是各种野生动物的家园。分析句子可知，此处“a large variety of” 是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。 48．The Four Great Ancient Inventions are the symbol of the (wise) of ancient Chinese people. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：中国古代四大发明是古代中国人民智慧的象征。空格前的定冠词the后需接名词，wise为形容词，意为“明智的”，其名词形式wisdom意为“智慧”作宾语，且为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 49．After the earthquake, many people got (injure) and in urgent need of medical treatment. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：地震过后，许多人受伤了，急需医疗救治。injure(使受伤)与主语people之间是被动关系，用过去分词injured，与系动词got构成被动语态。故填injured。 50．It (strike) him that he could deal with the problem in this way. 【答案】struck 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：他突然想到他可以用这种方法处理这个问题。结合从句中could可知此句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填struck。 考向02 考查必修二词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．All proposals s (提交) via email will receive an automated confirmation. 【答案】submitted/ubmitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有通过电子邮件提交的提案都将收到自动确认。根据中英文提示，“提交”对应的英文动词是 “submit”。分析句子结构，“proposals”（提案）与“submit”之间是被动关系，即“提案被提交”，因此需用过去分词形式“submitted”作后置定语修饰“proposals”。故填submitted。 2．He is very g with his money and always donates to charities. 【答案】generous/enerous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他在金钱上非常慷慨，总是向慈善机构捐款。根据单词首字母以及句意可知，此处应填形容词generous作表语，be generous with为固定搭配，意为“在……方面慷慨”。故填generous。 3．A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea level provide (证据) of a dramatic change in the global climate. 【答案】evidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：海洋和大气变暖，加上冰层融化和海平面上升，为全球气候的剧烈变化提供了证据。根据汉语提示“证据”，以及上文provide可知，此处应填名词作宾语，evidence表示“证据”，为不可数名词。故填evidence。 4．In to (除……外) studying English, she also learns French and Chinese. 【答案】 addition 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：除了学习英语，她还学习法语和汉语。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“除……外”应用in addition to，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填addition。 5．Folk songs are songs made up by (普通的) people like farmers or blacksmiths. 【答案】ordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：民歌是由像农民或铁匠这样的普通人创作的歌曲。根据汉语提示“普通的”以及空后的名词people可知，此处应用形容词ordinary作定语，修饰后面的名词people，ordinary people意为“普通人，老百姓”，符合语境。故填ordinary。 6．Their (利润) have fallen by 30 percent. 【答案】profits 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：他们的利润下降了30%。根据汉语提示“利润”可知，此处需要填入名词profit。根据后文have可知，句子主语应该为复数，profit的复数形式为profits。故填profits。 7． (围绕) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个农场被绿树环绕，位于我们学校附近的山脚下。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语“the farm”与“围绕”之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填Surrounded。 8．You’d better not get yourself (暴露) to the sun so long. It may result in skin diseases. 【答案】exposed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：你最好不要让自己长时间暴露在阳光下，这可能会导致皮肤病。根据提示的汉语，表示“暴露”为动词expose，该句为“get +宾语+宾补”结构，表示“使……被……”，逻辑主语yourself与动词expose（暴露）之间是被动关系，应为过去分词exposed作宾补。故填exposed。 9．He i (打算) to finish his project by the end of the month, but due to unforeseen circumstances, he had to extend the deadline. 【答案】intended/ntended 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他原本打算在月底前完成他的项目，但由于一些不可预见的情况，他不得不延长截止日期。“打算”作谓语，根据首字母提示，用动词intend，结合句意和并列分句时态可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，intend用过去式intended。故填intended。 10．This beautiful music can really e (能够，可以) people to calm down. 【答案】enable/nable 【详解】考查动词。句意：这首美妙的音乐确实能让人们平静下来。根据中英文提示可知用动词enable，作谓语，且can后跟动词原形。故填enable。 11．The hunter s (射中) a deer in the forest yesterday, but he lost track of it. 【答案】shot/hot 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：猎人昨天在森林里射中了一只鹿，但后来失去了它的踪迹。在句中作谓语，根据首字母和中文提示可知，动词shoot“射中”复合句意，结合“yesterday”可知应用一般过去时，故填shot。 12．When you are finished typing, remember to save your (文档). 【答案】document 【详解】考查名词。句意：打完字后，记得保存文档。根据汉语提示“文档”可知，用名词document，此处为特指，用单数形式，作save的宾语。故填document。 13．The new film Hello Mom is said to be (改编) from a true story. 【答案】adapted 【详解】考查语态。句意：据说这部新电影《你好，李焕英》是根据一个真实故事改编的。根据汉语提示“改编”可知，此处为动词adapt，主语The new film Hello Mom与动词adapt之间是被动关系，此处应用动词adapt的过去分词形式与be动词构成不定式的被动形式。故填adapted。 14．The best seller, (给……命名) The Anxious Generation, profiles the impact of virtual world on children. 【答案】named 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本畅销书名为《焦虑的一代》，描述了虚拟世界对儿童的影响。根据汉语提示“给…… 命名”以及分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词 profiles，且设空处无连词连接，故需填非谓语动词。主语The best seller与name命名之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填named。 15．He found his son (焦虑的；担心的) about maths and physics. 【答案】concerned 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他发现他的儿子对数学和物理这两门学科很忧虑。根据汉语提示可知用形容词concerned，作宾补。故填concerned。 16．T (以……为目标) a gold medal, he practised day in and day out. 【答案】Targeting/argeting 【详解】考查动词。句意：他以夺金为目标，日复一日地练习。根据中英文提示可知，表示“以……为目标”为动词target，和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，首字母应大写。故填Targeting。 17．The girl’s p (表演) received standing cheer from the audience. 【答案】performance/erformance 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位女孩的表演赢得了观众们的热烈掌声。根据中英文提示可知用名词performance，作主语，可数名词，此处指女孩当时的那场表演，应用单数形式。故填performance。 18．He is one of this country’s top (职业的) sportsmen. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是这个国家最顶尖的职业运动员之一。根据汉语提示“职业的”可知，此处为形容词professional，作定语，修饰名词sportsmen。故填professional。 19．At the same time, we all go through (各种各样的) periods when we feel sad or alone. 【答案】various 【详解】考查形容词。句意：与此同时，我们都会经历不同的时期，当我们感到悲伤或孤独。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“各种各样的”为形容词various作定语修饰periods，满足句意要求。故填various。 20．People set up a lot of （设备）to celebrate the festivals. 【答案】equipment 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们会搭建很多设备来庆祝节日。空处应用名词，作宾语；根据汉语提示，equipment表示设备，为不可数名词。故填equipment。 21．Though Henry was ill, he was still (有能力的) of writing compositions. 【答案】capable 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：亨利虽然病了，但他仍然能写作文。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“有能力的”为capable，作表语，be capable of doing sth.，意为“有能力做某事”。故填capable。 22．A virtual choir helps connect (普通的) people together. 【答案】ordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个虚拟合唱团有助于将普通人紧密联系在一起。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰名词“people”；表示“普通的”为形容词ordinary，符合句意。故填ordinary。 23．I had to go through a two-hour medical (治疗). 【答案】treatment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我不得不接受两个小时的治疗。空处作宾语，名词treatment“治疗”符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填treatment。 24．Moreover, music gave me hope and a sense of (满意). 【答案】satisfaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，音乐给了我希望和一种满足感。空处应用名词，作宾语；satisfaction为不可数名词，表示“满意、满足”，符合句意。故填satisfaction。 25．To my great satisfaction, the boss thought I was completely qualified for the (职位). 【答案】position/post 【详解】考查名词。句意：令我非常满意的是，老板认为我完全胜任这个职位。空处应用名词，作宾语；position/post表示“职位”，符合句意，此处指“我”申请的那个职位，应用单数形式。故填position/post。 26．The teachers spared no effort to (确保)that all students would be given an equal chance. 【答案】ensure/guarantee 【详解】考查动词。句意：老师们不遗余力地确保所有学生都能获得平等的机会。表示“确保”用动词ensure/guarantee，spare no effort to do“不遗余力做某事”是固定搭配，故空处应填动词原形。故填ensure/guarantee。 27．The boy was (急切的，热切的) to go to the amusement park with his parents. 【答案】eager 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩急切地想和父母一起去游乐园。根据汉语提示“急切的，热切的”可知，空处应用形容词eager，作表语，“be eager to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“急切的想做某事”。故填eager。 28．It is no use crying over the s milk. 【答案】split/plit 【详解】考查非谓语动词词。句意：覆水难收。根据首字母提示及固定搭配，此处为split，表示“泼洒，分裂”，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词milk，两者之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式split；It is no use crying over the split milk为固定谚语，意为“覆水难收”，符合句意。故填split。 29．A to protecting the wildlife, we establish many natural reserves. 【答案】Aiming/iming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护野生动物，我们建立了许多自然保护区。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据首字母提示及语境，此处表示“旨在，目的是”，应为动词aim；aim与句子主语we之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式aiming，且位于句首首字母需大写，符合句意。故填Aiming。 30．The l (风景) of villages often includes traditional farmhouses, winding rivers and ancient trees. 【答案】landscape/andscape 【详解】考查名词。句意：村庄的景观通常包括传统的农舍、蜿蜒的河流和古树。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词landscape“风景”作主语，满足句意要求。故填landscape。 31．The heavy atmosphere was lifted, (取代) by a lively conversation. 【答案】replaced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沉重的气氛被打破了，取而代之的是一场热烈的交谈。“取代”用动词replace，作状语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语atmosphere之间是被动关系，即“气氛被取代”，用过去分词形式表被动。故填replaced。 32．He often takes the first place in various English competitions, which (证明) his excellent English proficiency. 【答案】proves 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他经常在各种英语竞赛中获得第一名，这证明了他出色的英语水平。“证明”用动词prove，作定语从句中谓语，与主语which(即前面句中所述情况)之间是主动关系，结合主句谓语动词“takes”可知，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，谓语动词要用单数形式。故填proves。 33．In the digital age, protecting your online i (身份) is crucial to avoid being attacked online. 【答案】identity/dentity/identities/dentities 【详解】考查名词。句意：在数字时代，保护你的网络身份对于避免遭受网络攻击至关重要。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“身份”应用identity，作宾语，可为可数名词，也可为不可数名词，所以此空可填identity或者复数形式identities。故填identity/identities。 34．It took some two hours before the c (人群) was fully dispersed. 【答案】crowd/rowd 【详解】考查名词。句意：大约花了两个小时人群才完全散开。根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母 c 开头且表示“人群”含义的表达为crowd，因空白处在从句中做主语，结合 was 可知，应用名词单数形式。故填crowd。 35．The a (平均) score of our group rose by 5.2%, which was beyond everyone’s expectation. 【答案】average/verage 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们组的平均分上升了5.2%，这超出了所有人的预期。根据首字母和中文提示可知，此处使用形容词average，修饰名词score，作定语。故填average。 36．A committee was (建立) to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. 【答案】established 【详解】考查动词。句意：成立了一个委员会，以限制对埃及建筑的破坏，防止文物的损失。表达“建立”用动词establish，和主语committee是被动关系，空处用过去分词和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填established。 37．It is a common c (风俗) in this region to exchange gifts during the harvest festival. 【答案】custom 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这个地区，丰收节期间交换礼物是一种常见的风俗。“风俗”为“custom”在句中作表语，被不定冠词“a”修饰，用名词单数形式作表语。故填custom。 38．The c (反差) between the vibrant colors of the flowers and the dull background made the painting stand out beautifully. 【答案】contrast/ontrast 【详解】考查名词。句意：花朵鲜艳的色彩与暗淡的背景形成的反差，使这幅画美得格外引人注目。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“反差”应用contrast，这里为不可数名词，在本句中作主语。故填contrast。 39．Finding and keeping the right (平衡) between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 【答案】balance 【详解】考查名词。句意：在发展和保护文化遗址之间找到并保持适当的平衡可能是一个巨大的挑战。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词balance，表示“平衡”，在句中作“Finding and keeping”的宾语，且此处balance为抽象概念，不可数。故填balance。 40．The trees had been planted by the p (先前的) owner of the garden. 【答案】previous/revious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些树是花园的前主人种的。根据句意和首字母及汉语提示可知，空处应填形容词previous“先前的”作定语，修饰名词owner。故填previous。 41．I’m very busy now. I’ll call you back later when it’s c . 【答案】convenient/onvenient 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我现在很忙。等方便的时候我再给你回电话。根据句意和首字母可知，此空应填convenient，表“方便的”，为形容词，在本句中作表语，符合语境。故填convenient。 42．Only when we learn to exist in (和谐) with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 【答案】harmony 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才能不再对野生动植物以及我们的地球构成威胁。根据汉语提示和空格前的介词in可知，空格处应该用名词harmony作宾语，in harmony with“与……和谐一致”是固定搭配。故填harmony。 43．The government is trying to do something to (促进) better understanding between the two countries. 【答案】promote 【详解】考查动词。句意：政府正试图做些事情来促进两国之间更好的了解。不定式to后接动词原形。动词“促进”英文为promote。故填promote。 44．These measures would make a valuable (贡献) towards protecting cultural heritage. 【答案】contribution 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些措施将对保护文化遗产作出宝贵的贡献。根据汉语提示可知应用名词contribution，作宾语，前面有a修饰，应用单数形式，故填contribution。 45．This exhibition gave thousands of young people the opportunity to develop their (创造性的) skills. 【答案】creative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次展览为成千上万的年轻人提供了发展他们创造性技能的机会。根据汉语提示“创造性的”可知，此处为形容词creative，作定语，修饰名词skills。故填creative。 46．He bought a new computer at a 10% (折扣). 【答案】discount 【详解】考查名词。句意：他以九折的价格买了一台新电脑。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词discount“折扣”，由空前“a 10%”可知，空处名词用单数形式作宾语。故填discount。 47．The library has a (限制) on the number of books you can borrow at one time. 【答案】limit 【详解】考查名词。句意：图书馆对一次可以借阅的书籍数量有限制。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填名词limit“限制”，作has的宾语，由空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填limit。 48．He a (尝试，努力) to climb the steep mountain alone, but had to give up due to bad weather. 【答案】attempted/ttempted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他试图独自攀登那座陡峭的山，但由于天气恶劣不得不放弃。根据句意和首字母可知，“尝试，努力”为“attempt”在句中作谓语，由后半句had to可知事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时。故填attempted。 49．It usually takes some time for us to a to a new environment. 【答案】adapt/dapt 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们通常需要一些时间来适应新的环境。根据句意和首字母a以及空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该填入动词原形adapt，adapt to“适应”是固定搭配。故填adapt。 50．One of the most (有效的) ways to reduce carbon emission is encouraging more people to use public transport. 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：减少碳排放最有效的方法之一是鼓励更多人使用公共交通。根据汉语提示“有效的”，以及上文One of the most和下文ways可知，此处应填形容词effective，作定语，修饰名词ways，且effective是多音节词，其最高级形式为the most effective。故填effective。 2、 单句语法填空50题 1．She got an appointment with the (appoint) director. 【答案】appointed 【详解】考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：她与被任命的主任约好了见面。appoint意为“任命”，appointed为过去分词形式，在这里作定语修饰director，表示“被任命的”。故填appointed。 2．A paper (publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea. 【答案】published 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：上周发表在《心理科学》上的一篇论文为这一观点提供了一种新的支持。分析句子结构可知，此空考查非谓语，主语A paper与publish为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用过去分词作定语。故填published。 3．Upon arriving there, he fell love with the people and culture there. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：一到那里，他就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。“fall in love with…”是固定短语，意为“爱上……；喜欢……”，符合语境。故填in。 4．What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the (origin) project I had applied to. 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她提出的项目似乎没有我原来申请的项目那么令人兴奋。设空处修饰名词project，作定语，结合句意可知，此处意为“原来的，最初的”，应用形容词。故填original。 5．Hip-hop artists have also brought Taylor into the present — recordings he produced (sample) thousands of times. 【答案】have been sampled 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：嘻哈艺术家也把泰勒的声音带到了现在——他制作的唱片已经被采样了数千次。破折号前面的句子用了现在完成时态have brought，可推断泰勒的唱片已经被采样了数千次，要用现在完成时的被动语态结构have/has been+过去分词。主语recordings 是复数名词，助动词用have，sample的过去分词直接在词尾加-d。故填have been sampled。 6．He gave me some reference books which I was not very familiar. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：他给了我一些我不太熟悉的参考书。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，固定搭配be familiar with sth意为“熟悉某事物”，which指代先行词reference books，在从句中作介词with的宾语。故填with。 7．First of all, know exactly what leads to your (press), and then take measures to deal with it. 【答案】pressure 【详解】考查名词。句意：首先，明确了解是什么导致你有压力，然后采取措施应对压力。设空处作leads to的宾语，前有形容词性物主代词your修饰，需用名词。press是动词，对应的名词是pressure，不可数。故填pressure。 8． is not surprising that the industrial cities being built now will attract more visitors. 【答案】It 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：现在这些正在建设中的工业化城市将吸引更多的参观者，这并不令人惊奇。it is surprising that…意为“令人惊奇的是……”，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填It。 9． huge amount of environmental damage has been caused by human activity. 【答案】A 【详解】考查冠词。句意：人类活动已经造成了大量的环境破坏。空处表示“大量的”，应用短语a huge amount of，huge首字母的发音为辅音音素，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填A。 10．The foreigner who had been living here for many years knew many local (custom). 【答案】customs 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：那个在这里生活了很多年的外国人知道许多当地的风俗习惯。形容词local修饰名词，根据many可知，此处指“许多当地的习俗”，应用复数形式customs，作宾语。故填customs。 11．The architecture of the ancient building is (strike), with its unique design and elaborate carvings. 【答案】striking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座古建筑的建筑风格引人注目，其设计独特，雕刻精美。空处作表语，应用形容词来描述architecture的特点，意为“引人注目的，惊人的”。故填striking。 12．These services need to be registered so that they can be searched and found. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：这些服务需要进行登记，以便人们能够搜索和查找到它们。search for为固定搭配，意为“查找；搜索”。故填for。 13．Elephants are (endanger) in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect them. 【答案】endangered 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大象在泰国濒临灭绝，但已经建立了特殊的公园来保护它们。空处用于系动词are之后，应用形容词endangered，表示“濒临灭绝的”，作表语。故填endangered。 14．Simon put up a picture of Michael Jordan to remind himself his own dreams. 【答案】of/about 【详解】考查介词。句意：西蒙贴了一张迈克尔·乔丹的照片，以提醒自己不要忘记自己的梦想。分析句子可知，这里考查remind sb of/about sth，为固定搭配，意为“提醒某人记得某事”，符合语境。故填of或about。 15． average, there are about 1,000 tornadoes in the area each year, causing over 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. 【答案】On 【详解】考查介词。句意：平均来看，该地区每年约有1000次龙卷风，造成80多人死亡，1500人受伤。on average为固定搭配，表示“平均来看”，设空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写，故填On。 16．The hurricane-driven wildfires made local people suffer a great (lose). 【答案】loss 【详解】考查名词。句意：飓风引发的野火使当地居民遭受了巨大的损失。空前有形容词great修饰，空处需填名词loss作宾语，表示“损失”，且空前有不定冠词a修饰，故用名词单数形式。故填loss。 17．His (apply) for the job was refused, which made him disappointed. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的工作申请被拒绝了，这使他很失望。空处作主句主语，空前有形容词性物主代词His修饰，此处应填名词application作主语，且根据“was refused”可知，应用单数形式。故填application。 18．When I came home last night, I saw my kid (seat) on the bed, with his whole attention fixed upon the book. 【答案】seated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨晚我回家时，看见我的孩子坐在床上，全神贯注地盯着那本书。分析句子可知，此处为“see + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，设空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，seat为及物动词，常用搭配为be seated，表示“坐着”，此处用过去分词形式作宾补，强调状态。故填seated。 19．He made the decision that he would break away his daily routines. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：他决定打破自己的日常惯例。分析句子可知，设空处应填介词，构成固定短语“break away from”，意为“脱离；打破”，符合语境。故填from。 20．When the door opened suddenly, the boy covered his head with his hands as if in (defend). 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：当门突然打开时，那个男孩用手捂住头，好像在防御。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作介词in的宾语，“in defence”为固定短语，意为“防御”，符合语境。故填defence。 21． my opinion, we should keep a balance between our study, rest and exercise. 【答案】In 【详解】考查介词。句意：在我看来，我们应该在学习、休息和锻炼之间保持平衡。由于in one’s opinion是固定搭配，表示“在某人看来”，in放在句首首字母要大写。故填In。 22．By contrast, people with a diet high in (process) food had a much higher risk of depression than those who ate natural food. 【答案】processed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：相比之下，食用大量加工食品的人比食用天然食品的人患抑郁症的风险高得多。所填词作前置定语修饰名词 food，要用形容词。process是动词，在词尾加-ed变成形容词，表示“加工过的”。故填processed。 23．It is generally accepted that cycling is highly (benefit) to our health and the environment. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们普遍认为骑自行车对我们的健康和环境大有裨益。设空处在主语从句中作表语，应用形容词；固定短语be beneficial to意为“对……有益”。故填beneficial。 24．We are sure to narrow the differences and our cooperation through dialogue and consultation. (strengthen) 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们一定能通过对话和协商缩小分歧，加强合作。句中有be sure to do sth.，表示“一定会做某事”，是固定搭配，空格处是与narrow并列的不定式符号to后的动词原形。故填strengthen。 25． (assume) that we can't get their support, we will have to give up the way. 【答案】Assuming 【详解】考查连词。句意：假如我们得不到他们的支持，我们将不得不放弃这个方法。assuming that为连词，意为“假如”，引导条件状语从句，符合句意，句首单词首字母大写。故填Assuming。 26．To sum up, protecting animals is greatly (urge) and it is vital for us to take steps to protect them. 【答案】urgent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：总之，保护动物迫在眉睫，对我们来说采取措施保护它们至关重要。空前有is和副词greatly，空处要填形容词作表语。urge对应的形容词是urgent，表示“紧急的”。故填urgent。 27．The mountain was one of nature (preserve) with no hunting allowed. 【答案】preserves 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这座山是自然保护区之一，禁止狩猎。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语，preserve意为“保护区”，是可数名词，one of+名词复数，表示“……之一”，所以空处需用名词复数preserves。故填preserves。 28．I’d like your (profession) advice which will do good to my job. 【答案】professional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我需要你的专业建议，这对我的工作有好处。空处作修饰advice的定语，结合“which will do good to my job”可知，形容词professional符合题意，意为“专业的”。故填professional。 29．Einstein is a scientist of great (achieve). 【答案】achievements 【详解】考查名词。句意：爱因斯坦是一位有伟大成就的科学家。此处应填名词作为介词of的宾语，achieve的名词形式为achievement，表示“成就”，是可数名词，结合语境可知，此处应用其复数形式表示泛指。故填achievements。 30．It’s   (usually) that he came back home so early from work today. 【答案】unusual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他今天下班这么早就回家，这很不寻常。作表语应用形容词，根据句意可知，此处表示“不寻常的”，应用形容词unusual。故填unusual。 31．The earlier the (treat) is given, the better the patient’s chances. 【答案】treatment 【详解】考查名词。句意：治疗进行得越早，病人康复的机会就越大。此空用于定冠词the之后，应填名词treatment作主语，表示“治疗、医治”，符合语境。故填treatment。 32．We are (satisfy) that the problem was settled to everyone’s (satisfy). 【答案】 satisfied satisfaction 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：问题得到了令所有人满意的解决，我们很满意。第一空，空前的are为系动词，后应接形容词作表语，satisfy的形容词形式satisfied意为“感到满意的”，用于修饰人，be satisfied that…表示“对……感到满意”，符合语境；第二空，空前的everyone’s为名词所有格，后应接satisfy的名词形式satisfaction作介词to的宾语，意为“满意，满足”，且“to one’s + 名词”为固定结构，表示“令某人……的是”，to one’s satisfaction，意为“使某人满意”，符合语境语法。故填①satisfied；②satisfaction。 33．As soon as the question was raised, the boy answered it (immediate). 【答案】immediately 【详解】考查副词。句意：问题一提出，那个男孩就立刻回答了。此处修饰动词“answered”，需用副词作状语，所给词“immediate”为形容词，意为“立刻的”，其副词形式是immediately，意为“立刻，马上”，符合语境。故填immediately。 34．Measures should be taken to prevent a (repeat) of last year’s flood. 【答案】repetition 【详解】考查名词。句意：应该采取措施防止去年的洪水再次发生。此处为名词作宾语，根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用repeat的名词形式repetition，意为“重复，再次发生”，a repetition of...为常用搭配，表示“……的再次发生”，符合语境。故填repetition。 35．We love to enjoy the (beautiful) of sunset. 【答案】beauty 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们喜欢欣赏日落的美景。根据空前the可知，空处需用名词形式；beautiful的名词形式为beauty，意为“美景”，为不可数名词,作宾语。故填beauty。 36．It is urgent to raise public awareness of the (important) and value of protecting the historic site. (所 【答案】importance 【详解】考查名词。句意：提高公众保护历史遗迹的重要性和价值的认识迫在眉睫。空处作介词of的宾语，所填词要用名词。important对应的名词是importance，是不可数名词。故填importance。 37．I’ve learned that an exhibition of famous paintings is to be held and that you’re collecting suggestions on its (locate). 【答案】location 【详解】考查名词。句意：我得知要举办一个名画展览，并且你正在收集关于它的举办地点的建议。根据空前的介词on和形容词性物主代词its可知，此处应用locate的名词形式location作介词on的宾语，意为“地点，位置”。故填location。 38．I have a great sense of (achieve) when I turn the energy from low-carbon life into real trees through it. 【答案】achievement 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我把低碳生活的能量转化为真正的树木时，我有一种很大的成就感。设空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词achievement，故填achievement。 39．As the (digit) revolution sweeps through our lives, the appeal of screens and the convenience of online content have quietly caused print media to lose its charm. 【答案】digital 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着数字革命席卷我们的生活，屏幕的吸引力和在线内容的便利性悄然使印刷媒体失去了它的魅力。此处修饰名词“revolution”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“digit”为名词，意为“数字”，其形容词形式是digital，意为“数字的”，“digital revolution”表示“数字革命”，符合语境。故填digital。 40．As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this   （legal） action. 【答案】illegal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：就我而言，必须采取措施制止这种非法行动。设空处修饰名词action，应用形容词作定语，表示“非法的”，故填illegal。 41．I hope I’ll expand the horizons and polish my ability by making (contribute) to the activity. 【答案】contributions 【详解】考查名词。句意：我希望通过为这项活动做出贡献来拓宽视野，提高自己的能力。此处作动词“making”的宾语，需用名词形式，所给词“contribute”为动词，意为“贡献”，其名词形式是contribution，意为“贡献”，make contributions to...是固定搭配，意为“为……做出贡献”，常用复数形式。故填contributions。 42．Born in 1756, Austria, Mozart deserves his status as one of the most popular (compose) worldwide. 【答案】composers 【详解】考查名词。句意：莫扎特1756年出生于奥地利，他当之无愧是世界上最受欢迎的作曲家之一。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，“作曲家”是composer，且one of后接可数名词复数形式，故填composers。 43．What’s more, we are (create) and can keep up with modern science and technology. 【答案】creative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，我们富有创造力，能够跟上现代科学技术的发展。are是系动词，后面需接形容词creative“富有创造力的”作表语，故填creative。 44．Since 1748, Pompeii (dig) systematically from its silent resting place. 【答案】has been dug 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自1748年以来，庞贝古城就一直在其安静的安息之地被有计划地系统性挖掘。根据时间状语Since 1748可知，句子应使用现在完成时；主语Pompeii与动词dig之间是被动关系，故句子应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语Pompeii是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been dug。 45．Space telescopes can (identity) planets orbiting stars by small changes in the stars’ light as the planets pass by. 【答案】identify 【详解】考查动词。句意：太空望远镜可以通过行星经过时恒星光线的微小变化来识别围绕恒星运行的行星。空处位于情态动词can之后，应用动词原形；所给词identity为名词，其动词形式为identify，意为“识别，认出”。故填identify。 46．Considered one of the (tough) marathon events in the world, the 875-kilometer annual Australian race is a severe test for athletes. 【答案】toughest 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：澳大利亚的这项年度马拉松赛事全长875公里，是全球最具挑战性的赛事之一，对运动员来说是一场严峻的考验。此处为one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数表示“……中最……之一”。故填toughest。 47．Group leader’s duty is (ensure) that all pupils in his group understand and practice what the teacher has taught. 【答案】to ensure 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：组长的职责是确保小组中的所有学生都理解并练习老师所教的内容。设空处应填动词不定式作表语，说明主语Group leader’s duty的具体内容。故填to ensure。 48．Scientific knowledge is an (enable) power to do either good or bad. 【答案】enabling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学知识是一种能够行善或作恶的力量。此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词power，二者之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填enabling。 49．The password protects your (private). 【答案】privacy 【详解】考查名词。句意：密码保护你的隐私。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，privacy，表“隐私”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填privacy 50．Some politicians tried to get close to rich or (influence) people so as to get more supporters. 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一些政客试图接近富人或有权势者，以获取更多支持者。空处与or前的rich并列，作定语修饰people，应用形容词作定语。所给词influence的形容词形式是influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential 考向03 考查必修三词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．We can g (确保) a full refund within 30 days if you’re not satisfied. 【答案】guarantee/uarantee 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果不满意，30 天内可以确保全额退款。根据中英文提示，“确保”对应的英文动词是“guarantee”。句中情态动词“can”后接动词原形，因此用“guarantee”。故填guarantee。 2．She was deeply (失望) when she found out the concert tickets had sold out. 【答案】disappointed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当她发现音乐会门票已经售罄时，她非常失望。此处为形容词作表语，根据汉语提示“失望”，且主语是“She”（指人），对应的形容词是disappointed，意为“感到失望的”，符合句意。故填disappointed。 3．The school offers a variety of after-school activities, (范围是) from art clubs to science workshops. 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校提供各种各样的课外活动，范围从艺术俱乐部到科学工作坊。根据汉语提示可知，表示“范围是”应用动词range，range from…to…表示“从……到……范围内变化”；分析句子结构可知，逗号前为完整的句子，句中已有谓语动词offers，且空处与主句之间没有连词，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语a variety of after-school activities与动词range之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填ranging。 4．The school allows (灵活的) choice of elective courses. 【答案】flexible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学校允许灵活选择选修课。根据汉语提示“灵活的”以及空后的名词“choice”可知，此处应填形容词flexible，作定语修饰名词，flexible choice意为“灵活的选择”，符合语境。故填flexible。 5．At the Mid-Autumn Festival, families (团聚) to admire the shining moon. 【答案】gather 【详解】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：中秋节时，家人们团聚在一起赏月。根据汉语提示“团聚”可知，此处应用动词gather。句子描述的是中秋节的传统习俗，为客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语families为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填gather。 6．The most amazing decoration in the c (比赛) was from Class 3, who made their classroom look like a space station. 【答案】competition/ompetition/contest/ontest 【详解】考查名词。句意：这次比赛中最令人惊叹的装饰来自三班，他们把教室布置得像一个太空站一样。空前面有介词in the，可知所填词是名词。表示“比赛”且以c开头的名词是competition或contest，题干特指某一次比赛，要用单数名词。故填competition/contest。 7．She c (抱怨) about the noise from the construction site last night. 【答案】complained/omplained 【详解】考查动词。句意：她昨晚抱怨了建筑工地的噪音。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“抱怨”应用complain，在本句中作谓语，且由last night可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填complained。 8．I’m in the process of collecting m (素材) for an argument essay that I’m writing. 【答案】materials/aterials 【详解】考查名词。句意：我正在为我正在撰写的一篇议论文收集素材。根据所给首字母“m”以及中文提示“素材”可知，名词“material”有“素材；材料”的意思，指收集各种素材，用复数materials作宾语。故填materials 9．The tiger opened its mouth and exposed big and (锋利的) teeth. 【答案】sharp 【详解】考查形容词。句意：老虎张开了嘴，露出了又大又锋利的牙齿。根据汉语提示“锋利的”可知，此处需要填入一个形容词来修饰名词teeth，作定语。故填sharp。 10．With each space mission comes greater insight, thus (激发) us to continue along the same path of adventure. 【答案】motivating 【详解】考查动词。句意：每一次太空任务都带来了更深刻的见解，从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非谓语动词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词形式。故填motivating。 11．If a for the job, you’ll be informed soon. 【答案】accepted/ccepted 【详解】考查动词与状语从句中的省略。句意：如果你被录用做这份工作，你会很快得到通知。根据语境和下文的“you’ll be informed soon”以及提示的首字母“a”可知，此处为动词accept“（认为合适或足够好而）接受，录用”，if条件状语从句主语与主句主语一致，为you，与动词accept之间是被动关系，该条件状语从句可用“if+过去分词”的省略结构，所以此处应填过去分词accepted表被动。故填accepted。 12．Eric instantly ran over to his father and w (低语) something into his ear. 【答案】whispered/hispered 【详解】考查动词。句意：埃里克立刻跑到父亲身边，在他耳边低声说了些什么。由于and连接ran和空白处可知，空处要用动词过去式。首字母提示是w，汉语提示是“低语”，故动词whispered符合题意。故填whispered。 13．He couldn’t help but f (皱眉) when he saw the mess his children had made in the living room. 【答案】frown/rown 【详解】考查动词。句意：当看到孩子们把客厅弄得一团糟时，他忍不住皱起了眉头。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“皱眉”应用frown，为动词，且这里考查couldn’t help but do，是英语中一个常用的固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事；不得不做某事”，所以这里应用动词原形。故填frown。 14．The fear of traveling alone was softened after I made my way through the crowds to catch a bus headed d (往市中心). 【答案】downtown/owntown 【详解】考查副词。句意：当我穿过人群赶上一辆开往市中心的公交车后，独自旅行的恐惧减轻了。此处为副词作状语，修饰动词“headed”，根据汉语提示“往市中心”及首字母“d”可知，应为副词downtown。故填downtown。 15．Seeing the end of the letter, she couldn’t c (抑制) her sorrow and tears rolled down her cheeks. 【答案】contain/control/check/ontain/ontrol/heck 【详解】考查动词。句意：看到信的结尾，她抑制不住自己的悲伤，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。此处为动词作谓语，根据汉语提示“抑制”及首字母“c”可知，应为动词contain/control/check，空前有情态动词couldn’t，后接动词原形。故填contain/control/check。 16．In s (除了) of his age, he still leads an active life. 【答案】spite/pite 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：尽管他年事已高，仍过着积极的生活。根据首字母和中文提示“除了”可知，在这里需要表达的是“尽管、不顾”的含义，对应的短语是in spite of。故填spite。 17．The government l (发射) the rocket in March,1980. 【答案】launched/aunched 【详解】考查动词。句意：该国政府于1980年3月发射了这枚火箭。根据中英文提示可知用动词launch，结合后文March, 1980可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填launched。 18．As the s (谚语，格言) goes, it’s no use crying over spilt milk. 【答案】saying/aying 【详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，“覆水难收”。根据中英文提示可知用名词saying，作宾语，此处特指后文那句谚语，用单数。故填saying。 19．He e (逃跑，逃脱)from the trapped bus this morning. 【答案】escaped/scaped 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：今天早上他从被困的公交车中逃了出来。根据中文提示“逃跑，逃脱”及首字母“e”可知，此处用动词escape。由this morning可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，escape的过去式是escaped。故填escaped。 20．The t (传统的) customs of the region are deeply rooted in its history and are celebrated every year during the festival. 【答案】traditional/raditional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该地区传统习俗深深植根于其历史之中，而且每年在节日期间都会被庆祝。根据汉语提示“传统的”和首字母可知，此处为形容词traditional，作定语，修饰名词customs。故填traditional。 21．Kingston-upon-Thames, as the name (表明), is situated on the banks of the Thames. 【答案】indicates 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：泰晤士河畔金斯顿，顾名思义，坐落在泰晤士河畔。设空处为从句谓语，根据汉语提示可知是动词indicate，根据is可知应用一般现在时，主语the name，谓语用第三人称单数，故填indicates。 22．Scientists are searching for (有智慧的) life forms in other solar systems. 【答案】intelligent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们正在其他太阳系中寻找有智慧的生命形式。这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词life forms（生命形式），intelligent是形容词，意为“有智慧的” ，在句中作定语修饰life forms。故填intelligent。 23．There are heated (争论) about whether General Shepherd was a hero or a war criminal. 【答案】arguments 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于Shepherd将军是英雄还是战犯，存在着激烈的争论。设空处为名词作主语，根据汉语提示可知是argument，根据are可知应用复数形式，故填arguments。 24．Hurricanes are called typhoons when (出现) in the Pacific Ocean. 【答案】occurring 【详解】考查动词。句意：飓风出现在太平洋时被称为台风。“出现”occur，连词when引导的状语从句省略了they are，主语Hurricanes与occur之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填occurring。 25．Believing my novel could not be p (出版), I put it aside. 【答案】published/ublished 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我相信我的小说不能出版，就把它放在一边。由首字母提示p可知，“出版”是publish，小说是被出版，因此用被动语态，空前有could not，空格处用过去分词，故填published。 26．When a (获得) new knowledge, I’ll try to make connections with what I have already learnt. 【答案】acquiring/cquiring 【详解】考查动词以及状语从句的省略。句意：当我正获得新知识时我会努力将其与我已学过的知识联系起来。所填词以a开头，表示“获得”，要用acquire。When a_______new knowledge是when引导的时间状语从句的省略句， I’ll try to make connections with what I have already learnt是主句。当主从句的主语相同且从句含有be动词时，状语从句可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。由于acquire是“I”发出的动作，表示主动且正在进行，要将其改为V-ing形式，去掉e再加-ing。故填acquiring。 27．These two pieces of information allow the butterfly to d the way to go. 【答案】determine/etermine 【详解】考查动词。句意：这两条信息使蝴蝶能够确定前进的方向。根据句意以及首字母“d”和“the way to go（前进的方向）”可知，此处应为动词determine，意为“确定”，位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填determine。 28．Hurry up! The boss is running out of his (耐心). 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：快点！老板快失去耐心了。本空作介词of的宾语，用名词patience“耐心”，不可数。故填patience。 29．The wise use should be made of such expensive (材料). 【答案】materials 【详解】考查名词。句意：应该明智地使用这种昂贵的材料。根据汉语提示“材料”可知，对应的名词为material，为可数名词，空前无限定词，所以此处使用名词复数形式表示泛指意义，因此应使用materials。故填materials。 30．All parts of the yew tree are (有毒的), including the berries. 【答案】poisonous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：紫杉树的所有部分都是有毒的，包括浆果。根据汉语提示“有毒的”可知，对应的形容词为poisonous，在句中作表语。故填poisonous。 31．The supposed beggar was really a police officer in (伪装). 【答案】disguise 【详解】考查名词。句意：那个所谓的乞丐其实是一名伪装的警察。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“伪装”应用disguise，为不可数名词，作宾语。故填disguise。 32．Bernard felt (感激的) to all of them for what they had done for him. 【答案】grateful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：伯纳德对他们所有人为他所做的一切表示感激。根据汉语提示“感激的”可知，此处应为形容词grateful，在句中作表语。故填grateful。 33．He told me he would leave to ((去)拿来) the tools and asked me to stay where I was. 【答案】fetch 【详解】考查动词。句意：他告诉我他要去取工具，并让我待在原地。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词fetch。，空前to是不定式符号，应用动词原形，作目的状语。故填fetch。 34．Honesty is a basic p (法则；原则) that should never be compromised in any relationship. 【答案】principle/rinciple 【详解】考查名词。句意：诚实是一个基本原则，在任何关系中都不应该妥协。根据中英文提示可知，principle“法则；原则”，可数名词，由前面的a可知使用名词单数，作表语，故填principle。 35．At the Halloween party, children dressed in colorful c (服装，戏装) ran around the garden, laughing and shouting 【答案】costumes/ostumes 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在万圣节派对上，孩子们穿着五颜六色的服装在花园里跑来跑去，又笑又叫。根据首字母c和汉语提示“服装，戏装”可知，此处应填名词costume；由children 可知，孩子们穿的服装不止一件，应用复数形式costumes，作dressed in的宾语。故填costumes。 36．A (后来), I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck. 【答案】Afterwards/fterwards 【详解】考查副词。句意：后来，我在餐车里吃了一些美味的墨西哥中式面条。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为副词Afterwards“后来”作状语修饰后面整个句子，满足句意要求。故填Afterwards。 37．Without my parents’ (允许), I can’t go to the party with my friends this weekend. 【答案】permission 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于没有得到父母的许可，这个周末我不能和朋友们一起去参加聚会了。根据汉语提示可知用名词permission，作介词的宾语，不可数。故填permission。 38．The report with a detailed chart (贴) was highly praised by our geography teacher. 【答案】attached 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：那份附有详细图表的报告受到了我们地理老师的高度赞扬。本句为with的复合结构，a detailed chart与attach为被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。故填attached。 39． (决心) to protect the environment, many students joined the school’s recycling program, making our school more beautiful. 【答案】Determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多学生决心保护环境，加入了学校的回收项目，让我们的学校变得更美丽。“(决心) to protect the environment”在句中作原因状语，“决心”用形容词determined，表示逻辑主语many students的状态；句首单词首字母大写。故填Determined。 40．He felt an overwhelming (渴望) to return home. 【答案】desire 【详解】考查名词。句意：他感到一种强烈的渴望想要回家。根据汉语提示“渴望”可知，此处为名词desire，作 felt的宾语，不定冠词an修饰，用单数形式。故填desire。 41．She (犹豫) slightly before answering the policeman’s question. 【答案】hesitated 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在回答警察的问题之前，她稍微犹豫了一下。根据汉语提示“犹豫”可知，用动词hesitate，句子描述过去的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式hesitated。故填hesitated。 42．I think such views are (肤浅的) and near­sighted. 【答案】shallow 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我认为这样的观点是肤浅和短视的。根据汉语提示“肤浅的”可知，本空用形容词shallow，和near-sighted并列，作表语。故填shallow。 43．Fortunately, the weather that winter was reasonably (温和的). 【答案】mild 【详解】考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，那年冬天的天气相当温和。根据汉语提示“温和的”，以及上文 was reasonably可知，此处应填形容词作表语。故填mild。 44．Later, man began to (定居) in the places where the food and water were sufficient. 【答案】settle 【详解】考查动词。句意：后来，人类开始在食物和水充足的地方定居。根据汉语提示“定居”，以及上文began to可知，此处应填动词原形，构成“begin to do sth.”结构。故填settle。 45．The (大多数) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio. 【答案】majority 【详解】考查名词。句意：接受采访的大多数人更喜欢看电视而非听广播。根据汉语提示可知用名词majority，构成the majority“大多数”，作主语。故填majority。 46．Black people could not (投票) or choose their leaders then. 【答案】vote 【详解】考查动词。句意：在那时，黑人不能投票或者选择他们的领袖。根据汉语提示“投票”和前文的情态动词could not，此处需填动词原形vote。故填vote。 47．He is being constantly monitored with r (定期的) checks on his blood pressure. 【答案】regular/egular 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他一直受到密切的监控，定期会检测他的血压情况。根据中英文提示可知用形容词regular，修饰check。故填regular。 48．The two countries signed an agreement to jointly l (发射) satellites. 【答案】launch/aunch 【详解】考查动词。句意：两国签署协议，联合发射卫星。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词launch“发射”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填launch。 49．I e (最终) realized I had to change my attitude toward medical practice. 【答案】eventually/ventually 【详解】考查副词。句意：最终我意识到自己必须改变对待医疗工作的态度。根据中英文提示可知用副词eventually，修饰动词realize，故填eventually。 50．The more empty cans that can be collected for r (回收利用), the better. 【答案】recycling/ecycling 【详解】考查动词。句意：能够被回收利用的空罐子越多越好。根据中英文提示可知用动词recycle，作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填recycling。 2、 单句语法填空50题 1．Educational policies should (encourage) rote memorization (死记硬背) and instead promote analytical skills that foster independent thought and innovation. 【答案】discourage 【详解】考查动词。句意：句意：教育政策应该不鼓励死记硬背，而是促进能培养独立思考和创新能力的分析技能。根据句意以及空后instead promote analytical skills可知，前后语义相反，此处应表达“不鼓励”的含义；should后接动词原形，所以需用encourage的否定形式discourage。故填discourage。 2．A study recently (publish) by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart”. 【答案】published 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究发现，早在六岁的时候，女孩就比男孩更不太会认为同性别的成员“真的非常聪明”。此处publish与study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填published。 3．Eventually, he took exercise regularly with the (intend) of staying healthy. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：最终，他有规律地锻炼，目的是保持健康。此空应填名词作介词with的宾语，intend的名词形式是intention，意为“意图，目的”，with the intention of，为固定短语，意为“目的是……”，符合“锻炼的目的是保持健康”的语境。故填intention。 4．Women are very much in the (minor) in political leadership around the world. 【答案】minority 【详解】考查名词。句意：在世界各地的政治领导层中，女性占极少数。空处需用minor的名词形式minority“少数”，构成固定短语in the minority，意为“占少数”。故填minority。 5．Experts have appealed to parents (have) strict control over online games that appeal their children. 【答案】 to have to 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意：专家们呼吁父母严格控制那些对他们的孩子有吸引力的网络游戏。第一空为固定搭配appeal to sb. to do sth.意为“呼吁某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式to have作宾补。第二空为固定短语appeal to，意为“对……有吸引力”，符合语境，所以此处为介词to。故填①to have②to。 6．The agricultural productivity of this country remained low in (compare) with that of advanced countries like the United Kingdom. 【答案】comparison 【详解】考查名词。句意：与英国等先进国家相比，这个国家的农业生产力仍然很低。此处为名词作介词in的宾语， in comparison with为固定介词短语，表示“与……相比”，符合语境。故填comparison。 7．Skills like critical thinking and (analyse) can't be found on the Internet because they must be acquired in the context of facts. 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：像批判性思维和分析这样的技能在互联网上找不到，因为它们必须在事实的背景下才能获得。名词analysis作宾语。故填analysis。 8．A similar process is at work in our (respond) to information. 【答案】response 【详解】考查名词。句意：类似的过程也在我们对信息的反应中起作用。空处作in的宾语，被our修饰，名词response符合题意，意为“反应”，短语in response to意为“作为对……的反应；作为对……的答复”。故填response。 9．Those who have dedicated their lives to their country and people will live our memory forever. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：那些把自己的生命奉献给国家和人民的人将永远活在我们的记忆中。根据句意可知，此处表示“在……中”，应使用介词 in，构成固定短语live in one’s memory，意为“活在某人的记忆中”，符合语境。故填in。 10．Prof. Gracie, with all his (patient), asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：格雷西教授极有耐心地让我思考这件事，而不只是考虑我是否喜欢它。此处位于形容词性物主代词“his”后，需用名词形式，patient是形容词，意为“有耐心的”，其名词形式是patience，意为“耐心”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填patience。 11．As a traditional way to celebrate the New Year, setting firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people. 【答案】off 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：作为一种庆祝新年的传统方式，放鞭炮受到大多数中国人的欢迎。set off为固定搭配，意为“使爆炸；点燃”，此处表示“放鞭炮”，符合语境。故填off。 12．It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an (independence) study on Victorian literature. 【答案】independent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。此处修饰名词study，应用形容词independent“独立的”，作定语。故填independent。 13．The (argue) between my colleagues didn’t stop until the meeting ended. 【答案】argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：直到会议结束，同事之间的争论才停止。设空处为主语，应用名词，argue为动词，其名词形式为argument“争论”，特指同事之间的一次争论，应用单数形式，故填argument。 14．Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are (poison) to humans. 【答案】poisonous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些食物中有些可能含有对人类有毒的天然物质。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作表语，poisonous，表“有毒的”，符合语境。故填poisonous。 15．These stories can (relief) my stress and broaden my horizons. 【答案】relieve 【详解】考查动词。句意：这些故事可以缓解我的压力，开阔我的视野。can后跟动词原形，relief的动词是relieve，意为“缓解”，故填relieve。 16．What (percent) of babies died of this disease last year? 【答案】percentage 【详解】考查名词。句意：去年死于这种疾病的婴儿占百分之几？分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作主语，percent对应的名词形式是percentage，意为“百分比”，“What percentage of...”为固定搭配，意为“……的百分比”，符合语境。故填percentage。 17．Many (music) instruments were on show at the exhibition. 【答案】musical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：展览会上展出了许多乐器。此处位于名词“instruments”前，需用形容词作定语，music为名词，意为“音乐”，其形容词形式musical意为“音乐的”，musical instruments表示“乐器”，符合语境。故填musical。 18．Though he was old, he felt (energy) and dynamic. 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然他年纪大了，但他感到精力充沛，充满活力。此处应填形容词作表语，energy的形容词形式为energetic，表示“精力充沛的”。故填energetic。 19． The new bridge over the river is still under (construct). 【答案】construction 【详解】考查名词。句意：河上的新桥还在建造中，空处应填名词作介词under的宾语，under construction“在修建中”，故填construction。 20．The little boy wanted to play computer games before finishing his homework, but his mum told him not . 【答案】to 【详解】考查不定式的省略。句意：这个小男孩想在完成作业前玩电脑游戏，但他妈妈告诉他不可以。此处为“tell sb. not to do sth.”的省略形式，为了避免重复，不定式符号后的动词可省略，只保留不定式符号“to”，其完整内容为but his mum told him not to play computer games。故填to。 21．I was (scare) to think that I had to stay in this (scare) building. 【答案】 scared scary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：想到我不得不待在这座令人害怕的建筑物里，我就感到害怕。第一空：根据空前系动词was可知，空处需用形容词作表语，此处表示主语I的感受，意为“感到害怕的”，所以空处需用-ed形容词scared；第二空：根据空后名词building可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，此处表示建筑物令人害怕，所以空处需用-ing形容词scary“令人害怕的”。故填①scared；②scary。 22．We are (please) that we’ re now living in (please) surroundings. 【答案】 pleased pleasant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们很高兴现在生活在令人愉快的环境中。位于We are之后，需用形容词作表语。please的形容词形式为pleased（感到高兴的），表示主观感受；修饰名词surroundings（环境），需用please的另一形容词形式为pleasant（令人愉快的），描述客观环境，表示“令人愉快的环境”。故填pleased；pleasant。 23．You cannot leave this place without our (permit). 【答案】permission 【详解】考查名词。句意：未经我们允许，你不能离开这个地方。作介词without的宾语，用名词permission，不可数。故填permission。 24．The new policy will come into (operate) the next year. 【答案】operation 【详解】考查名词。句意：新政策将于明年生效。所给词“operate”是动词，意为“操作；运转；实施”。句中“come into”后接名词，构成固定短语“come into operation”，意为“生效；开始实施”。因此需将动词转换为对应的名词“operation”。故填operation。 25．The problem is still under (discuss) among the leaders. 【答案】discussion 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个问题仍在领导人之间讨论中。根据空前under可知，空处需用名词形式；discuss的名词形式为discussion，under discussion为固定搭配，意为“在讨论中”，其中discussion作宾语。故填discussion。 26．The (collect) of the data for this report took me a lot of time. 【答案】collection 【详解】考查名词。句意：收集这份报告所需的数据花了我很多时间。根据空前的The可知，空处应用名词作主语。根据空后的of the data可知，这里指“这份报告的收集”。collection意为“收集，采集”，为不可数名词。故填collection。 27．I haven’t much (believe) in his honesty. 【答案】belief 【详解】考查名词。句意：我不太相信他的诚实。空格处用名词作宾语，believe的名词是belief，意为“相信，信心”，是不可数名词，故填belief。 28．The students had a long (argue) with their teacher about their uniforms. 【答案】argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：学生们就校服问题与老师进行了长时间的争论。此空用于不定冠词a之后，应填可数名词单数形式作宾语，argument，表“争论”，为可数名词，符合语境。故填argument。 29．We sent our (congratulate) to her on passing the exam. 【答案】congratulations 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们向她表示了热烈的祝贺，祝贺她顺利通过了考试。空处应用名词，作宾语；congratulation为名词，表示“祝贺”，在英语中，向某人表示祝贺时常用其复数形式。故填congratulations。 30．We hold a strong (believe) that by communicating more frequently and more deeply, we are sure to improve the understanding and build a strong connection between the two cultures. 【答案】belief 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们坚信，通过更频繁、更深入的交流，我们一定能增进理解，并在两种文化之间建立牢固的联系。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，前面有不定冠词a修饰，应用单数形式，再结合句意“信念”是belief。故填belief。 31．These small yet (significance) changes will undoubtedly contribute to making our library an ideal place for learning and exploration. 【答案】significant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些微小却意义重大的改变无疑将有助于把我们的图书馆变成一个理想的学习和探索场所。此处修饰名词“changes”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“significance”为名词，意为“意义”，其形容词形式是significant，意为“有意义的，重大的”，符合语境。故填significant。 32．At the same time, I learned to plant vegetables and gained much (agriculture) knowledge. 【答案】agricultural 【详解】考查形容词。句意：同时，我学会了种植蔬菜，获得了许多农业知识。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词knowledge，agriculture的形容词形式是agricultural，意为“农业的”。故填agricultural。 33．First of all, you gave us piles of story books and science books, which could hopefully enrich our knowledge and (broad) our horizons. 【答案】broaden 【详解】考查动词。句意：首先，你给了我们大量的故事书和科学书籍，有望能丰富我们的知识并拓宽我们的视野。根据并列连词“and”可知，提示词与动词enrich是并列关系，作定语从句谓语，应用动词形式broaden，意为“拓宽；扩大”，在情态动词“could”后用动词原形。故填broaden。 34．We can experience Chinese culture and have a better knowledge of Confucius in the museum, where we can also see many ancient (collect) related to Confucius. 【答案】collections 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以在博物馆体验中国文化，更好地了解孔子，在那里我们还可以看到许多与孔子有关的古代收藏品。空处用于形容词ancient之后，应用名词collection作see的宾语，表示“收藏品”，由many可知，应用复数形式，故填collections。 35．If given enough (patient) and devotion, the novel will also reveal the rise and decline of a famous royal family to its readers. 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果给予足够的耐心和投入，这部小说也会向读者展现一个著名皇室家族的兴衰。不可数名词patience做give的宾语。故填patience。 36．In the first place, it is (absolute) a great idea to switch your love to other healthier hobbies, such as reading books and volunteering. 【答案】absolutely 【详解】考查副词。句意：首先，把你的热爱转移到其他更健康的爱好上绝对是个好主意，比如读书和做志愿者。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语修饰系动词，absolutely，表“绝对地”，符合语境。故填absolutely。 37．Ms. Shen is an (energy) and kind woman, often explaining grammar clearly and patiently. 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：沈女士是一个充满活力和善良的女人，经常清晰耐心地解释语法。修饰名词woman，应用形容词形式energetic，与kind并列，作定语。故填energetic。 38．With the decrease of wild animals, many animals are endangered. Worse still, some of them may (appear) forever. 【答案】disappear 【详解】考查动词。句意：随着野生动物数量的减少，许多动物正处于濒危状态。更糟糕的是，其中一些（动物）可能会永远消失。此空在情态动词may后应填动词原形作谓语，appear的反义词disappear，表“消失”，为动词，与前面“many animals are endangered”语境符合。故填disappear。 39．The detailed (analyze) of the data reveals some surprising trends in consumer behavior. 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：对数据的详细分析揭示了消费者行为中一些令人惊讶的趋势。提示词作主语，用名词analysis，意为“分析”，结合谓语动词“reveals”可知，主语是单数名词。故填analysis。 40．Being generous without expecting something return is an important aspect of being a good person. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：慷慨而不期望得到回报是成为一个好人的一个重要方面。此处表达“作为回报”，用固定短语in return。故填in。 41．The technology is licensed to a startup with plans to (commercial)it. 【答案】commercialize/commercialise 【详解】考查动词。句意：这项技术已授权给一家初创企业，该企业计划将其商业化。 此处应用动词不定式作plans的后置定语，解释说明plans的内容，故设空处应用动词原形，提示词的动词形式commercialize/commercialise“使商业化”符合题意。故填commercialize/commercialise。 42．We can use a smile to (apology), to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. 【答案】apologize/apologise 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候别人、寻求帮助或开始对话。位于动词不定式符号to后，本空用apology的动词形式apologize或apologise“道歉”。故填apologize或apologise。 43．Stephen Curry’s practising day in and day out helped him (sharp) his skills. 【答案】to sharpen/sharpen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬·库里日复一日的练习帮助他提升技能。help sb to do sth“帮助某人做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾补，to可省略。sharp的动词sharpen，意为“改善，提高”。故填(to) sharpen。 44．Dunn’s high principles and pleasant manners won him the real affection of many (colleague). 【答案】colleagues 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：Dunn的高尚原则和令人愉快的举止为他赢得了许多同事的爱戴。colleague是可数名词，空前有many，应用复数形式，作宾语。故填colleagues。 45．The teacher tried to resolve a complex argument into its basic (element). 【答案】elements 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：老师试图把一个复杂的论点分解成基本要素。element“要素；组成部分”为可数名词；根据语境“老师试图把一个复杂的论点分解为基本的要素”可知，此处的要素应不止一个，应用复数形式。故填elements。 46．The driver changed lanes, (signal) his intention with the turn indicator. 【答案】signalling/signaling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：司机变更了车道，通过转向灯示意了自己的意图。此处signal与driver构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填signalling/signaling。 47．Nowadays many experts are (absorb) in studying Confucius philosophy. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如今，许多专家都沉浸在研究孔子哲学之中。be absorbed in sth./doing sth. 表示“沉浸于，专注于”，形容词作表语。故填absorbed。 48．He explained his (intend) to pursue a career in medicine to his supportive parents. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：他向支持他的父母解释了自己打算从事医学职业的意图。本空作explained的宾语，用名词intention“意图”，根据to pursue a career in medicine可知，此处指他打算从事医学职业的意图，用单数形式。故填intention。 49．The company celebrated its commitment to (diverse) by hiring employees from various backgrounds. 【答案】diversity 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司通过雇佣来自不同背景的员工，彰显了其对多元化的承诺。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词to后宾语，diversity，表“多样性”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填diversity。 50．College students often face (finance) challenges when studying abroad. 【答案】financial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大学生在出国留学时经常面临经济上的挑战。challenges是名词，应该用形容词作定语修饰名词，finance的形容词形式是financial，意为“财政的；金融的；经济的”，financial challenges表示“经济上的挑战”。故填financial。 题型一 阅读理解 （2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）In the genetic age, ecologists’ jobs are made much easier by two things. One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome (基因组). The second is that they drop these ID cards everywhere they go. Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where. “Every organism,” of course, includes humans. In a paper published on May 15th in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort. That DNA can be read—and potentially matched with individuals—by anyone with the right equipment.   The researchers did not set out to study “inadvertent human genetic bycatch”, as they call the phenomenon. The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease. The researchers sampled water from the turtle’s tanks, as well as from ocean water and beaches upon which the creatures nested, looking for viral DNA．   They expected to sweep up DNA from other species during their trawl (拖网). What was surprising, according to Jessica Farrell, a biologist at the Witney Hospital and one of the paper’s authors, was just how much human DNA they found. Even though many of their sampling sites were not near towns and cities, they found human genetic material in every sample they examined.   Interested, they expanded their search. In both Florida and in Ireland they found human DNA in rivers, with concentrations especially high as they flowed through towns. They found it in beach sand, and even in air from rooms in which humans had been working. Human DNA is not quite everywhere: it was not detectable in deep ocean water, or on remote beaches closed to the public. But anywhere that humans are, their DNA appears to be as well. In one sense, that is unsurprising. But advances in gene-sequencing meant there was enough information in the samples to deduce plenty of things about the humans in question. The researchers could pick out males thanks to DNA from the Y chromo some. They could infer an individual’s ancestry, and even spot mutations (突变) that affect a person’s disease risk. David Duffy, another of the paper’s authors, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons. But they had no doubt it could be done. 27．Which of the following about eDNA is true according to the passage? A．It provides a way to track the migration of animals. B．It allows researchers to restore individual organisms. C．It can be easily collected from all types of environments. D．It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species. 28．In this passage, the word “inadvertent” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”. A．familiar B．accidental C．insensitive D．regular 29．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The application of eDNA for identity confirmation has aroused concern. B．As expected, the researchers detected much human eDNA in their search. C．An individual’s gender and ancestry can be confirmed by means of eDNA． D．eDNA is instrumental in upgrading America’s database of missing people. 30．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Unintended Discoveries in Turtle Disease Research B．The Ecological Significance of Environmental DNA C．Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples D．Using Genetic Information to Identify Missing Persons 【答案】27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在及其相关应用。 27．细节理解题。根据第一段“One is that every organism carries its own chemical identity card, in the form of its genome.(一是每个生物都有自己的化学身份证，以基因组的形式存在。)”和“Urine, bits of fur stuck to a hedge, even shed skin cells: all deposit DNA into the environment. Cheap gene sequencing allows scientists to harvest this “environmental DNA” (eDNA) from soil, sand, water and the like, and use it to keep track of which species are living where.(尿液，粘在树篱上的皮毛，甚至脱落的皮肤细胞：所有这些都将DNA沉积到环境中。廉价的基因测序使科学家能够从土壤、沙子、水等中获取这种“环境DNA”(eDNA)，并用它来跟踪哪些物种生活在哪里。)”可知，“环境DNA”里有DNA，而DNA包含了物种的遗传信息，因此关于eDNA正确的说法是D选项“It contains a wealth of genetic information about various species.(它包含了各种物种的丰富遗传信息。)”，故选D。 28．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The work began at the Witney Sea Turtle Hospital in Florida, during an investigation into a viral turtle disease.(这项工作始于佛罗里达州的Witney Sea Turtle Hospital，当时正在调查一种海龟病毒性疾病。)”和第四段“What was surprising, according to Jessica Farrell, a biologist at the Witney Hospital and one of the paper’s authors, was just how much human DNA they found.(据惠特尼医院的生物学家、该论文的作者之一Jessica Farrell说，令人惊讶的是他们发现了如此多的人类DNA。)”可知，人类DNA是无意中被发现的，划线词所在句子表示“研究人员称这种现象为“无意的人类遗传副产品”，但他们并没有开始研究这种现象”，划线词inadvertent的意思是“无意的”，和accidental意思相近。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“David Duffy, another of the paper’s authors, said the amount and quality of the DNA they recovered “far exceeded” the minimum necessary to be included in America’s database of missing people. Dr Duffy and his colleagues did not try to identify individuals in their study, for moral reasons.(该论文的另一位作者David Duffy说，他们找到的DNA的数量和质量“远远超过”纳入美国失踪人口数据库的最低要求。出于道德原因，Dr Duffy和他的同事们并没有试图在他们的研究中识别个体。)”可知，eDNA在身份确认中的应用引起了人们的担忧。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In a paper published on May 15th in Nature Ecology & Evolution, a group of researchers from America and Europe report that such eDNA surveys pick up large quantities of human DNA as well as the animal sort.(在5月15日发表在《自然生态与进化》杂志上的一篇论文中，来自美国和欧洲的一组研究人员报告说，这种eDNA调查收集了大量的人类和动物DNA。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在及其相关应用，因此本文最好的题目是C选项“Human DNA’s Prevalence in Environmental Samples(人类DNA在环境样本中的普遍存在)”。故选C。 2 （2025·北京朝阳·二模） Chinook salmon and their habitats in Seattle’s Thornton Creek suffered severely due to urban expansion, causing flash floods and biodiversity loss. Despite restoration efforts, the once-abundant salmon all but disappeared. During a conference, biologist Katherine Lynch proposed rebuilding the creek’s missing “liver” damaged by urbanization. Lynch has been studying the hyporheic zone, a layer of wet sediment (沉积物), small stones and tiny creatures beneath the streambed. It facilitates water mixing and oxygen delivery to salmon eggs, earning the nickname “liver of the river.” The disappearance of this zone threatens the health of waterways. Lynch recognized that, however, most restoration efforts in Seattle overlooked it or disconnected it from the surface water. Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachovec, Lynch redesigned Thornton Creek. They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. These accurately placed logs and rocks, known as “hyporheic structures,” also create pockets of slow water that provide safe shelters for juvenile fish — all meant to emulate features of a natural stream. Subsequent data analysis confirmed the stream functioned as Lynch’s team — and nature — intended. But was the stream also supporting life? Given that the stone and sand positioned were sterile (贫瘠的) territory, Lynch thought that a biological jumpstart might be necessary and that the return of life to restored creeks relied on organisms migrating from healthy upstream habitats. So her team tried another ground-breaking move: inoculating (接种) the engineered hyporheic zone with microbes (微生物), which quickly populated the areas. But even though the number of individuals was high, the biodiversity was relatively low. A 2021 study by stream ecologist Sarah Morley noted that while a few of the new species grew rapidly, most were similar to those in unrestored section. Scientists are exploring reasons for the limited survival of introduced species, and because this science is so new, they have not ruled out any potential explanations: differences in the donor stream, size of the restored area, or poor water quality. They might have inoculated the hyporheic too soon, before essential vegetation could establish. The Thornton Creek restorations have successfully prevented neighbourhood flooding, even during heavy storms, and stabilized the stream’s flow. Most notably, Chinook salmon returned to lay eggs in the restored hyporheic zones, touching Lynch deeply. She recalls, “this success suggests that small urban creek restorations can revitalize functioning ecosystems.” 28．What does the underlined word “emulate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Record. B．Copy. C．Monitor. D．Transform. 29．What can be inferred about the microbial inoculation in Thornton Creek? A．It introduced essential vegetation. B．It restored the original biodiversity. C．It increased the total quantity of microbes. D．It sourced microbes from downstream habitats. 30．What can we learn from Lynch’s restoration project? A．It focused on increasing water oxygen levels. B．It recreated the conditions of the donor stream. C．It removed human-made structures from the creek. D．It integrated physical redesign with bio-intervention. 31．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．To Revive a River, Restore Its Liver. B．Urbanization: A Silent Killer of a River. C．Chinook Salmon Boost the Diversity of Ecosystems. D．What Makes the Hyporheic Zone Vital for Restoration?. 【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过重建溪流“肝脏”——潜流带，成功恢复生态系统功能并使鲑鱼回归的生态修复过程。 28．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. These accurately placed logs and rocks, known as “hyporheic structures,” also create pockets of slow water that provide safe shelters for juvenile fish — all meant to emulate features of a natural stream. (他们从策略上以精确的角度把原木放入水中，以制造出小瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生液压将水挤压进潜流带。这些精准放置的原木和石头被称为“潜流结构”，它们还形成了水流缓慢的区域，为幼鱼提供了安全的庇护所——这一切都是为了emulate自然溪流的特征)”可知，这些结构和设计都是为了模仿天然溪流的特征，所以“emulate”意思是“模仿”，与“copy”意思相近。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But even though the number of individuals was high, the biodiversity was relatively low. (但是，尽管个体数量很高，生物多样性却相对较低)”以及“So her team tried another ground-breaking move: inoculating (接种) the engineered hyporheic zone with microbes (微生物), which quickly populated the areas. (于是，她的团队尝试了另一项开创性的举措：向经过改造的潜流带接种微生物，这些微生物迅速在这些区域大量繁殖)”可知，对桑顿溪进行微生物接种后，微生物数量迅速增加，但生物多样性相对较低。所以可以推断出微生物接种增加了微生物的总量。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachovec, Lynch redesigned Thornton Creek. They strategically put logs into the water at precise angles to create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pockets, generating hydraulic pressure to force water down into the hyporheic zone. (林奇与工程师迈克・赫拉乔韦茨合作，重新设计了桑顿溪。他们颇有策略地将原木以精确的角度放入水中，打造出微型瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生水压，迫使水流进入潜流带)”以及第四段中“So her team tried another ground-breaking move: inoculating (接种) the engineered hyporheic zone with microbes (微生物), which quickly populated the areas. (于是，她的团队尝试了另一项开创性的举措：向经过改造的潜流带接种微生物，这些微生物迅速在这些区域大量繁殖)”可知，林奇的修复项目既包括对溪流的物理重新设计，如放置原木和岩石来制造“潜流结构”，又包括生物干预，如对潜流带进行微生物接种，将两者结合起来，由此推知，林奇的修复项目将物理重新设计与生物干预相结合。故选D。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段中“During a conference, biologist Katherine Lynch proposed rebuilding the creek’s missing “liver” damaged by urbanization. (在一次会议上，生物学家凯瑟琳・林奇提议重建这条因城市化而受损、缺失的溪流“肝脏”)”可知，文章主要讲述了生物学家Katherine Lynch为了恢复西雅图桑顿溪的生态系统，提出重建被城市化破坏的溪流“肝脏”——潜流带的建议，并通过与工程师合作进行了一系列修复工作，最终取得了成功，使奇努克鲑鱼回到了修复后的潜流带产卵。A选项“To Revive a River, Restore Its Liver (要恢复一条河，先恢复它的“肝脏”)”能够很好地概括文章主旨，既体现了修复的对象是河流，又突出了恢复潜流带这一关键内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。 题型二 完形填空 （2025·北京朝阳·一模）New-born babies aren’t afraid of the dark. They don’t have a 1 of the dark yet; that comes later. One day, my 2-year-old daughter suddenly said, “Too dark!” after we turned out the light. She believed something was under the bed. To 2 her tears, I plugged in the desk lamp to prove there were no monsters. When I first started writing, I didn’t worry about the dark as I could create all kinds of stories. After graduation, I became a busy parent. My writing 3 . Nights that I would spend reading or thinking were gone. I wrote at 5 am before the 4 of the everyday housework—laundry, playdates and feedings—but soon nodded off. I was so 5 . Writing anxiety grew slowly. Worn out, I forgot to buy a nightlight. The desk lamp was too bright. A nightlight was enough to help my daughter see the outline of the bed. It would burn through the night, calming her fears. She didn’t need it to see; she needed it to feel 6 . In the basement I found an old plastic Christmas tree and took it up to her room. My daughter saw it and clapped 7 , “Light! My light!” It sits there year-round. A Christmas tree in July is odd, but perfect doesn’t 8 , and besides, it casts the ideal amount of light. In being a parent and a writer, there is no fixed 9 , no one way of doing things that is right; some things that we must do are odd. Many things bring the light. Some bring just enough light that you are no longer afraid. The shadowy light that says, Don’t be scared, write it! It is a light to 10 you, to keep you going. And it burns through the night, keeping the monsters at bay. 1．A．secret B．hope C．fear D．habit 2．A．wipe B．hide C．stop D．draw 3．A．slowed B．ceased C．improved D．increased 4．A．training B．division C．movement D．repetition 5．A．lonely B．tired C．focused D．energetic 6．A．safe B．quiet C．proud D．confident 7．A．shyly B．softly C．politely D．excitedly 8．A．last B．exist C．work D．arrive 9．A．need B．term C．bond D．routine 10．A．guide B．blind C．attract D．follow 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过对自身经历的叙述，鼓励人们要勇于追寻生命中的能指引你前行的那束光。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还不害怕黑暗。A. secret秘密；B. hope希望；C. fear害怕；D. habit习惯。根据上句“New-born babies aren’t afraid of the dark.(刚出生的婴儿不怕黑。)”可知，这里指刚出生的婴儿对黑不害怕，以后才会有恐惧感。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了止住她的眼泪，我插上了台灯的插头，以证明没有怪物。A. wipe擦掉；B. hide隐藏；C. stop停止；D. draw绘画。根据“to prove there were no monsters”可知，女儿因为害怕有怪物所以哭泣，作者插上了台灯的插头是为了证明没有怪物，从而止住女儿的眼泪。故选C。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的写作慢了下来。A. slowed放慢速度；B. ceased终止；C. improved提高；D. increased增加。根据下文“I wrote at 5 am before the 　4　 of the everyday housework—laundry, playdates and feedings—but soon nodded off.(我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。)”可知，作者每日忙于家务，非常疲惫，所以写作速度也变慢了。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。A. training训练；B. division分歧；C. movement运动；D. repetition重复。根据上文“I became a busy parent.(我成了一个忙碌的家长。)”和句中的“everyday housework”及常识可知，作者成为家长后非常忙碌，每天都要重复做琐碎的家务活。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我太累了。A. lonely孤独的；B. tired累的；C. focused专注的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上句“I wrote at 5 am before the 　4　 of the everyday housework—laundry, playdates and feedings—but soon nodded off.(我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。)”及下文“Worn out(感到筋疲力尽)”可知，作者每天都很忙碌及疲惫。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她需要它来感到安全。A. safe安全的；B. quiet安静的；C. proud自豪的；D. confident自信的。根据上文“It would burn through the night, calming her fears.(它会整夜亮着，安抚她的恐惧。)”可知，女儿需要这盏小夜灯安抚她的恐惧，让她不再害怕，有安全感。故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我女儿看到了，兴奋地拍手：“光！我的光!”A. shyly害羞地；B. softly温柔地；C. politely礼貌地；D. excitedly兴奋地。根据女儿的欢呼““Light! My light!””可知，女儿看见圣诞树时是非常兴奋的。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：七月的圣诞树是奇怪的，但完美是不存在的，而且，它投下了理想数量的光。A. last持续；B. exist存在；C. work工作；D. arrive到达。根据常识可知，世上没有完美的东西，所以完美是不存在的。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为父母和作家，没有固定的惯例，没有一种正确的做事方法。A. need需要；B. term学期；C. bond联系；D. routine惯例。根据句中“no one way of doing things that is right”和常识可知，作为父母和作家，没有什么正确的做事方法，可见也没有固定的生活方式和日常习惯。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是一束指引你前进的光。A. guide引导、指引；B. blind蒙蔽；C. attract吸引；D. follow跟随。根据上句“The shadowy light that says, Don’t be scared, write it!(阴影的光说，不要害怕，写下来！)”和本句中“to keep you going”可知，这是一束指引你前行的光。故选A。 【2025北京卷】At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. The ____1____ to stand out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision. One day, during a class in the IT lab with my classmates, our teacher mentioned missing computer parts. ____2____ looks exchanged, everyone wondered how it could happen in a(n) ____3____ lab. “It’s possible to open that lock with another key,” I said. Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity. It was a rush I had never experienced before. Enjoying all the eyes on me, I ____4____ how to open the lock. Little did I realize that single moment would ruin everything. The following day, called to the headmaster’s office, I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts. “I didn’t do it, sir,” I argued, but suspicion ____5____ his eyes. His repeated ____6____ intensified, pushing me to the edge of fear and tears. In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I ____7____ confessed (承认). The headmaster asked my father to come to school, whose shaky faith in me brought a mix of relief and ____8____. My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions. ____9____, I confessed my misguided longing for recognition. In the headmaster’s office, my father listened attentively, and then spoke with quiet authority: “I trust my son. He is not a thief.” With my father’s support, I learned a valuable lesson: ____10____ cannot be forced; true recognition comes from honourable acts. 1. A. promise B. competition C. desire D. hesitation 2. A. Curious B. Hopeful C. Distant D. Envious 3. A. expensive B. locked C. modern D. abandoned 4. A. discovered B. recommended C. demonstrated D. imagined 5. A. caught B. clouded C. hurt D. brightened 6. A. questioning B. reminding C. complaining D. requesting 7. A. warmly B. readily C. randomly D. falsely 8. A. pride B. patience C. shame D. surprise 9. A. Generously B. Tearfully C. Carelessly D. Strangely 10. A. tolerance B. gratitude C. sympathy D. attention 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了15岁的作者为了引起关注分享开锁方法，却被怀疑偷电脑零件，在校长逼问下作者被迫承认，最后父亲表示相信作者，作者也明白了真正的认可来自高尚行为的道理。1.【答案】 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：引起注意的欲望吞噬着我，促使我做出了一个令人遗憾的决定。A. promise承诺；B. competition竞争；C. desire欲望；D. hesitation犹豫。根据前文“At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.”可知，作者学业优秀却感觉不被关注，所以有引起注意的欲望。故选C项。 2.【答案】 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家交换着好奇的眼神，都想知道在一个锁着的实验室里怎么会发生这种事。A. Curious好奇的；B. Hopeful有希望的；C. Distant遥远的；D. Envious嫉妒的。根据后文“everyone wondered how it could happen”可知，大家对电脑零件丢失这件事感到好奇。故选A项。 3.【答案】 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大家交换着好奇的眼神，都想知道在一个锁着的实验室里怎么会发生这种事。A. expensive昂贵的；B. locked锁着的；C. modern现代的；D. abandoned废弃的。根据后文“It’s possible to open that lock with another key”可知，实验室是锁着的。故选B项。 4.【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：享受着所有人的目光，我演示了如何开锁。A. discovered发现；B. recommended推荐；C. demonstrated演示；D. imagined想象。根据前文作者的话“It’s possible to open that lock with another key”和“Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity.”可知，作者知道如何用其它钥匙开锁，为了享受大家的关注，所以演示了开锁方法。故选C项。 5.【答案】 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我没做，先生，”我争辩道，但他的眼中充满了怀疑。A. caught抓住；B. clouded使模糊，笼罩，显得阴沉（或恐惧、愤怒等）；C. hurt伤害；D. brightened使明亮。根据前文“I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts.”可知，校长怀疑作者，怀疑的神色笼罩在他眼中，眼中显示出怀疑的神色。故选B项。 6.【答案】 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他反复的询问加剧了，把我逼到了恐惧和流泪的边缘。A. questioning询问；B. reminding提醒；C. complaining抱怨；D. requesting请求。根据前文“His repeated”和后文“pushing me to the edge of fear and tears”可知，校长反复询问作者，让作者感到害怕。故选A项。 7.【答案】 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了摆脱不断增加的压力，我谎称自己有罪。A. warmly热情地；B. readily乐意地；C. randomly随机地；D. falsely错误地，不实地。根据前文“I didn’t do it, sir”可知，作者没偷东西，结合“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure”可知，作者为了摆脱压力，所以虚假地承认。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：校长请父亲来学校一趟，他对我不太坚定的信任让我既感到一丝宽慰，又觉得羞愧难当。A. pride骄傲；B. patience耐心；C. shame羞愧；D. surprise惊讶。根据前文“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I ___7____ confessed (承认).”和“The headmaster asked my father to come to school”可知，作者被迫承认偷了东西，现在校长请来了父亲。结合常识，父亲的到来会带给处于困境中的作者一丝宽慰，但同时，作者也会因自己为了引起关注而犯下的错误感到羞愧。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我泪流满面地承认了自己对认可的错误渴望。A. Generously慷慨地；B. Tearfully含泪地；C. Carelessly粗心地；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据前文“pushing me to the edge of fear and tears”和“In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure, I ___7___confessed (承认).”可知，作者因为害怕和委屈流泪了，并被迫承认偷了东西。父亲来时，作者是含泪承认自己为了引起关注而犯下的错误。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了父亲的支持，我学到了宝贵的一课：关注不能强求；真正的认可来自高尚的行为。A. tolerance容忍；B. gratitude感激；C. sympathy同情；D. attention关注。根据前文“At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed.”可知，作者一直渴望得到关注，所以这里说关注不能强求。故选D项。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$