内容正文:
第06讲 北师大版选择性必修全四册词汇练透
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇
考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇
考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇
考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.To prevent harmful habits from d (支配) a teenager’s life is essential.
【答案】dominating/ominating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:防止有害的习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。根据句意和中英文提示可知,空处应填动词dominate“支配”,且空处作介词from的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填dominating。
2.The latest (创新) in smartphone technology allows for faster charging.
【答案】innovation
【详解】考查名词。句意:智能手机技术的最新创新实现了更快的充电。根据汉语提示“创新”以及上文形容词最高级latest和后文is,可知应填名词innovation,空处作主语,此处表示单数概念。故填innovation。
3.Additionally, I am o (外向的) and friendly, which enables me to communicate with people easily and make the work in the club smooth.
【答案】outgoing/utgoing
【详解】考查形容词。句意:此外,我性格外向且友好,这使我能轻松与人沟通,让俱乐部的工作顺利进行。此处为形容词,在句中作表语,根据首字母“o”及汉语提示“外向的”,应为形容词outgoing,符合句意。故填outgoing。
4.Feeling abandoned and g (内疚的), I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.
【答案】guilty/uilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:感到被抛弃和内疚,我穿上运动鞋去呼吸点新鲜空气。此处为形容词,与abandoned(感到被抛弃的)并列作系动词Feeling的表语,根据首字母“g”及汉语提示“内疚的”,应为形容词guilty,符合句意。故填guilty。
5.She c (抱怨) about the noise from the construction site last night.
【答案】complained/omplained
【详解】考查动词。句意:她昨晚抱怨了建筑工地的噪音。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“抱怨”应用complain,在本句中作谓语,且由last night可知,这里时态应用一般过去时。故填complained。
6.With each space mission comes greater insight, thus (激发) us to continue along the same path of adventure.
【答案】motivating
【详解】考查动词。句意:每一次太空任务都带来了更深刻的见解,从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。分析句子结构可知,逗号后为非谓语动词短语作结果状语,表示一种自然而然的结果,所以用现在分词形式。故填motivating。
7.“That would be a very r thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
【答案】reasonable/easonable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:“在大城市里这么做倒是很合理,但对像我们这样的小村庄来说,这可能会造成毁灭性的影响。”尼克说道。该词作定语修饰名词thing,需要填形容词。根据单词首字母和句意“合理的”可知,形容词为reasonable。故填reasonable。
8.I recommend that you talk to your friend about his b .
【答案】behavior/ehavior/behaviour/ehaviour
【详解】考查名词。句意:我建议你和朋友谈谈他的行为。空处作宾语,结合句意和首字母提示可知,behavior/behaviour“行为”符合题意,此处为抽象概念,不可数。故填behavior/behaviour。
9.There is a r (定期,定时) bus service to the airport.
【答案】regular/egular
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有直达机场的定期公交线路。根据中英文提示可知用形容词regular,修饰名词service,作定语。故填regular。
10.Bernard felt (感激的) to all of them for what they had done for him.
【答案】grateful
【详解】考查形容词。句意:伯纳德对他们所有人为他所做的一切表示感激。根据汉语提示“感激的”可知,此处应为形容词grateful,在句中作表语。故填grateful。
11.Honesty is a basic p (法则;原则) that should never be compromised in any relationship.
【答案】principle/rinciple
【详解】考查名词。句意:诚实是一个基本原则,在任何关系中都不应该妥协。根据中英文提示可知,principle“法则;原则”,可数名词,由前面的a可知使用名词单数,作表语,故填principle。
12.The birds returned to their nests and continued to (孵化)the eggs.
【答案】incubate/hatch
【详解】考查动词。句意:鸟儿们回到巢中继续孵蛋。设空处位于不定式符号to后面,所以要用动词原形;根据汉语提示可知,要填incubate/hatch。故填incubate/hatch。
13.He (感染) malaria while he was traveling in India.
【答案】contracted
【详解】考查动词。句意:他在印度旅行时感染了疟疾。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“感染”应用contract,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。故填contracted。
14.I feel (内疚的) breaking my promise.
【答案】guilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我为违背诺言而感到内疚。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“内疚的”应用guilty,为形容词,在本句中作表语,符合语境。故填guilty。
15.The students return in September for the start of the new a (学业的) year.
【答案】academic/cademic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:学生们会在九月返校,开启新的学年。根据中英文提示可知用形容词academic,修饰名词year。故填academic。
16.Howard is on the school football team. He is a faithful and c (忠实的) member of the team.
【答案】committed/ommitted
【详解】考查形容词。句意:霍华德是学校足球队的一员。他是球队里忠诚可靠的一员。根据首字母c及汉语提示“忠实的”可知,本空用形容词committed,修饰名词member,作前置定语。故填committed。
17.They faced several strong o (对手) in the group stage matches.
【答案】opponents/pponents
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们在小组赛阶段遇到了几个强劲的对手。根据单词首字母和句意“对手”可知,此处应用名词opponent作宾语,several后应用复数。故填opponents。
18.His (任命) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting.
【答案】appointment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他被任命为公司总经理一事在会议上宣布了。his为形容词性物主代词,后接名词,appointment 作“任命” 讲时为不可数名词,作主语。故填appointment。
19.It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of (家具) inside the house.
【答案】furniture
【详解】考查名词。句意:搬动房子里所有的家具花了他很大的精力。介词of后接名词形式,名词“家具”英文为furniture,是不可数名词,作宾语。故填furniture。
20.Before submitting his final essay, he spent another hour p (修改;润色) the conclusion to make his argument clearer and more persuasive.
【答案】polishing/olishing
【详解】考查动词。句意:在提交最终论文之前,他又花了一个小时来润色结论部分,以使自己的论点更加清晰、更具说服力。根据中英文提示可知用动词polish,上文为短语spend time doing sth.,空处应用动名词作宾语。故填polishing。
21.My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we (拖着身体) ourselves down the mountain towards home.
【答案】dragged
【详解】考查动词。句意:当我们拖着身子下山回家时,我的肌肉酸痛,膝盖颤抖。根据句中时态可知,用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意可知,drag“拖”符合句意。故填dragged。
22.Yogurt is a good source of calcium (钙) for anymore, and especially good for people who have trouble d milk.
【答案】digesting/igesting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:酸奶是任何人的钙的良好来源,尤其是对那些消化牛奶有困难的人。根据a good source of calcium for anymore可知,此处指尤其对那些消化牛奶有困难的人来说,空处应用动词digest表示“消化”,have trouble (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”,所以此处应用动名词形式digesting作宾语。故填digesting。
23.About fifteen minutes a day for a week or two usually makes an (巨大的) difference.
【答案】enormous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:每天15分钟,坚持一两个星期,通常会有很大的不同。名词difference前用形容词修饰。形容词“巨大的”英文为enormous。故填enormous。
24.He has always wanted to be a like her father, who worked for a local newspaper before retirement.
【答案】ambitious/mbitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他一直想成为像她父亲那样有抱负的人,她父亲退休前在一家当地报纸工作。空处用于to be之后,使用形容词,与be构成系表结构,结合首字母提示以及句中worked for a local newspaper before retirement可知,此处表示像她的父亲一样有抱负的人,使用形容词ambitious,表示“有抱负的”,符合题意。故填ambitious。
25. (缺乏) experience, he is not qualified for this job.
【答案】Lacking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于缺乏经验,他不具备这份工作的任职资格。根据提示的汉语,表示“缺乏”为lack,在句中作原因状语,he与lack是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式lacking,首字母大写。故填Lacking。
26.The ballerina danced with such f (流畅) that she seemed to float across the stage.
【答案】fluency/luency
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位芭蕾舞演员舞姿如此流畅,仿佛在舞台上轻盈地飘行一般。根据中英文提示可知用名词fluency,作宾语,不可数。故填fluency。
27.The a (平均) score of our group rose by 5.2%, which was beyond everyone’s expectation. (
【答案】average/verage
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们组的平均分上升了5.2%,这超出了所有人的预期。根据首字母和中文提示可知,此处使用形容词average,修饰名词score,作定语。故填average。
28.It’s easy to b (责怪) the weather for a bad day, but sometimes it’s just our perspective that needs adjusting.
【答案】blame/lame
【详解】考查动词。句意:很容易责怪坏天气导致了一天心情不好,但有时只是我们的视角需要调整。空处应用动词原形,与It’s easy to构成不定式作真正的主语,表示“责怪”用blame。故填blame。
29.The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as e (满腔热忱的) as ever.
【答案】enthusiastic/nthusiastic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击,但他没有气馁,很快又像以前一样充满了热情。句中got是系动词,空处作表语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,形容词enthusiastic符合题意;在as...as...结构中,形容词应用原形。故填enthusiastic。
30.The c (反差) between the vibrant colors of the flowers and the dull background made the painting stand out beautifully.
【答案】contrast/ontrast
【详解】考查名词。句意:花朵鲜艳的色彩与暗淡的背景形成的反差,使这幅画美得格外引人注目。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“反差”应用contrast,这里为不可数名词,在本句中作主语。故填contrast。
31.The community garden focuses on growing o (有机的,绿色的) vegetables for local families.
【答案】organic/rganic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:社区花园专注于为当地家庭种植有机蔬菜。根据首字母o及汉语提示“有机的,绿色的”可知,本空用形容词organic,修饰vegetables,作前置定语。故填organic。
32.The (最精彩的部分) of the concert was when the lead singer invited a fan on stage to sing along.
【答案】highlight
【详解】考查名词。句意:这场音乐会的最精彩的部分是主唱邀请一位粉丝上台一起演唱的时候。根据汉语提示“最精彩的部分”可知,此处为名词highlight,作主语。故填highlight。
33.The library has a (限制) on the number of books you can borrow at one time.
【答案】limit
【详解】考查名词。句意:图书馆对一次可以借阅的书籍数量有限制。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填名词limit“限制”,作has的宾语,由空前a可知,应用名词单数形式。故填limit。
34.I really a it when my friends help me out in difficult times.
【答案】appreciate/ppreciate
【详解】考查动词。句意:当我的朋友们在我困难的时候伸出援手时,我真的很感激他们。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用动词appreciate,作谓语,根据后文help可知为一般现在时,主语为I,谓语用原形。故填appreciate。
35.Tony told her she was being (敏感的) and was just as good as Gladys.
【答案】sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:托尼说她太敏感了,和格拉迪斯一样好。空格处用形容词作表语,“敏感的”的形容词是sensitive。故填sensitive。
36.The conflict has now reached a new level of i (强度).
【答案】intensity/ntensity
【详解】考查名词。句意:冲突现在已经达到了一个新的强度水平。根据句意和中英文提示可知,空处应填名词intensity“强度”,作介词of的宾语,不可数。故填intensity。
37.I feel like I b to this warm community.
【答案】belong/elong
【详解】考查动词。句意:我感觉自己属于这个温暖的社区。根据单词首字母可知用动词belong,根据上文feel可知为一般现在时,主语为I,谓语用原形。故填belong。
38.It’s (正常的) to feel a little nervous before an important exam.
【答案】normal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在重要考试前感到有点紧张是正常的。此处为形容词作表语,根据汉语提示可知,表示“正常的”应用形容词normal。故填normal。
39.The chief complaint about online courses is that they l (缺少) human interaction.
【答案】lack/ack
【详解】考查动词。句意:对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺少人际互动。根据句意和首字母提示可知,空处应填动词lack“缺少”,在从句中作谓语。结合主句时态和语境,此处描述一般情况,应用一般现在时,主语they为复数,谓语动词用原形。故填lack。
40.My original (打算) was to spend a quiet weekend at home.
【答案】intention
【详解】考查名词。句意:我原本的打算是在家度过一个安静的周末。根据汉语提示可知用名词intention,作主语。故填intention。
41.Many supermarkets charge for (塑料的) bags now.
【答案】plastic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:现在许多超市对塑料袋收费。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词bags,“塑料的”的形容词是plastic,故填plastic。
42.The region’s economy relies heavily on (农业的) production, especially rice and wheat.
【答案】agricultural
【详解】考查形容词。句意:该地区的经济严重依赖农业生产,尤其是水稻和小麦。根据汉语提示 “农业的”,可知此处应填形容词 agricultural作定语。故填agricultural。
43.Many people in China naturally (联系) Chongqing with hotpot.
【答案】associate
【详解】考查动词。句意:在中国,很多人自然而然地把重庆和火锅联系在一起。associate...with...把……和……联系起来。句子描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语Many people是复数,所以用动词原形。故填associate。
44.City born and city bred, I have always regarded the countryside as something you o visit during the weekend.
【答案】occasionally/ccasionally
【详解】考查副词。句意:我出生在城市,成长于城市,一直以来我都把农村视为那种偶尔在周末去游玩的地方。根据单词首字母以及句意可知,此处表示偶尔在周末去游玩,空处应用副词occasionally,作状语,修饰动词visit。故填occasionally。
45.Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer to go s .
【答案】sightseeing/ightseeing
【详解】考查动名词。句意:有些人喜欢躺在海滩上,但我更喜欢去观光。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用名词sightseeing“观光”,go sightseeing“去观光”,固定短语。故填sightseeing。
46.She seemed to be placing most of the (过失) on her mother.
【答案】blame
【详解】考查名词。句意:她似乎把大部分过失都归咎于她母亲。根据汉语提示“过失”可知,应填名词blame,作宾语,此处为特指,用单数形式。故填blame。
47.There has been a progressive (减少) in population every year in this city.
【答案】decrease
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个城市的人口每年都在逐渐减少。progressive是形容词,修饰名词,“减少”的名词是decrease,空前有a,空格处用单数,故填decrease。
48.We are all looking forward to the mayor’s (视察) our school tomorrow.
【答案】inspecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们都期待着市长明天来视察我们学校。根据汉语提示可知,此处应用动词inspect,表示“视察”;根据空格前的所有格“the mayor’s”可知,此处应填动词的动名词形式,作固定短语look forward to中的介词to的宾语。故填inspecting。
49.There were people at the e giving out leaflets.
【答案】entrance/ntrance
【详解】考查名词。句意:入口处有人在散发传单。根据giving out leaflets以及常识可知,此处表示在入口处发传单,设空处应用名词entrance,意为“入口处”,此处特指这个地方的入口,应用单数形式,作介词at的宾语。故填entrance。
50.They were persuaded that we would accept the (邀请).
【答案】invitation
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们被说服我们会接受邀请。根据汉语提示“邀请”可知,应填名词invitation,作would accept的宾语,此处特指某个具体的邀请,应用单数形式。故填invitation。
二、单句语填50题
51.If you don’t feel at ease while facing somebody, you can turn your back to him to avoid (embarrass).
【答案】embarrassment
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果你在面对某人时感到不自在,你可以背对着他以避免尴尬。分析句子可知,设空处应填名词作宾语,embarrass的名词形式是embarrassment,且此处表示抽象概念“尴尬”,为不可数名词,符合语境。故填embarrassment。
52.The economic model’s failure stemmed from the flawed (assume) that consumer behavior would remain constant during a market crisis.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个经济模型的失败源于一个有缺陷的假设,即消费者行为在市场危机期间会保持不变。形容词“flawed”后应接名词,作介词“from”的宾语,所给词“assume”为动词,其名词形式assumption意为“假设”,此处表示后文提到的那个假设,应用单数形式。故填assumption。
53.Last week, my name tags (标牌) (sew) into the collar of my shirts by my mother.
【答案】were sewed/were sewn
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:上周,我妈妈把我的姓名牌缝在了我的衬衫领子上。根据时间状语“Last week”可知,此处为一般过去时,主语“my name tags”与动词“sew”之间是被动关系,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,主语是复数,be动词用“were”;“sew”的过去分词有两种形式,即“sewed”和“sewn”。故填were sewed/ sewn。
54.Putin orders Russian army (expand) as battlefield failures.
【答案】to expand
【详解】考查不定式。句意:由于战场失败,普京命令俄罗斯军队扩张。order sb. to do sth.是固定短语,意为“命令某人做某事”,空格处用不定式,故填to expand。
55.He is so (humour), responsible and selfless that I respect and love him very much.
【答案】humorous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他幽默、负责、无私,所以我非常尊重和爱他。设空处接在be动词后,应用形容词作表语,故填humorous。
56.What the police did first was to question all the (witness) involved in the accident last week.
【答案】witnesses
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:警方首先做的是询问上周事故中的所有目击者。空处应为名词作question的宾语,witness意为“目击者”,为可数名词,由空前all可知,此处应用其复数形式witnesses。故填witnesses。
57.Writing was so difficult and (pain) for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, …
【答案】painful
【详解】考查形容词。句意:写作对我来说实在是太困难和痛苦了,以至于我的老师允许我通过表演一出戏的方式来展示我关于泰坦尼克号沉没事件的论文……空处作表语,表示“痛苦的”用形容词painful,故填painful。
58.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy.
【答案】rarely
【详解】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一笼都不够,而两笼又显得太贪心了。空格处用副词rarely修饰形容词enough,作状语,rarely意为“很少”。故填rarely。
59.It would have been easy to rely my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词。句意:我本可以轻易地依赖自己对这位从未离家超过几百英里的公路建设者的假设。分析句子可知,这里考查rely on,表“依靠”,为固定搭配,符合语境。故填on。
60.There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is of great (significant) to Chinese cultural diversity.
【答案】significance
【详解】考查名词。句意:毫无疑问,传统文化的保护对中国文化的多样性具有重要意义。此处为名词作介词of的宾语,“be of great + 名词”为固定结构,相当于“be very + 形容词”,所以应用significant的名词形式significance,意为“重要性”,be of great significance表示“具有重要意义,具有重大意义”,符合语境。故填significance。
61.Skills like critical thinking and (analyse) can't be found on the Internet because they must be acquired in the context of facts.
【答案】analysis
【详解】考查名词。句意:像批判性思维和分析这样的技能在互联网上找不到,因为它们必须在事实的背景下才能获得。名词analysis作宾语。故填analysis。
62.The prices of vegetables are reported to have a (tend) to increase in some cities.
【答案】tendency
【详解】考查名词。句意:据报道,一些城市的蔬菜价格有上涨的趋势。此处位于不定冠词“a”后,需用名词单数形式,tend是动词,意为“倾向于”,其名词形式是tendency,意为“趋势”,符合语境。故填tendency。
63.Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common (theme) in their works, ...
【答案】themes
【详解】考查名词。句意:汤显祖和莎士比亚是同时代的人,都死于1616年。虽然他们不可能见过面,但他们的作品中有共同的主题,……。根据“there are”可知,此处应用名词复数形式,在there be句型中作主语。故填themes。
64.Next weekend at this time, the entire family (gather) at our grandparents’ house, enjoying a delicious homemade meal.
【答案】will be gathering
【详解】考查时态。句意:下周末的这个时候,全家人将聚集在我们祖父母家,享受一顿美味的自制大餐。句子描述“下周末这个时间点”(Next weekend at this time)正在发生的动作,强调将来具体时刻的持续状态,需用将来进行时(will be + 现在分词),故填will be gathering。
65.At the end of the letter you should express your (expect) of cooperation and an early reply.
【答案】expectation
【详解】考查名词。句意:在信的结尾,你应该表达对合作的期待以及希望早日收到回复。根据空前形容词性物主代词your可知,空处需用名词作express宾语;expect的名词expectation“期望”,符合题意,此处表特指,需用名词单数形式作宾语。故填expectation。
66.It is his laziness that caused his failure; that’s to say, his failure resulted his laziness.
【答案】from
【详解】考查介词。句意:是他的懒惰导致了他的失败;也就是说,他的失败是由于他的懒惰。result from“由……引起”,固定短语。故填from。
67.The teacher arranged us to clean up the whole classroom.
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:老师安排我们打扫整个教室。arrange for sb to do sth“安排某人做某事”,故填for。
68.Now he must make it a (prior) to fix the deeply broken system.
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意:现在他必须把修复这个严重破损的系统作为首要任务。不定冠词a后应接可数名词单数形式,prior是形容词,其名词形式为priority,作宾补,意为“优先事项;首要任务”,符合语境。故填priority。
69.Most goods are (avail), at half a price.
【答案】available
【详解】考查形容词。句意:大多数商品都有货,半价出售。根据空前的系动词are可知,此处应用avail的形容词形式available作表语,表示“可获得的;可购得的”。故填available。
70.In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as (complicate) to process as the computer code.
【答案】complicated
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在错误的人手中,这样一本书可能会像计算机代码一样难以处理。空处需用形容词作表语,complicate的形容词为complicated“复杂的,难处理的”,as...as...“和……一样”是原级比较,故形容词应用原级。故填complicated。
71.The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare (mix) known as foxy hedgehog.
【答案】mixture
【详解】考查名词。句意:度过人生的最有效方式,就是努力成为那种罕见的、集“狡黠如狐”与“专注如刺猬”于一身的混合体。rare是形容词,修饰名词,mix的名词是mixture,意为“混合体”,由that可知,空格处用单数,故填mixture。
72.In (conclude), don’t work from nine to five, but from seven to three or twelve to eight, instead.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意:总之,不要从九点到五点工作,而是从七点到三点或十二点到八点工作。空处作介词In的宾语,应用名词。conclusion意为“结论,结束”,in conclusion意为“最后,总而言之”,为固定搭配。故填conclusion。
73.The pianist has (technique) skill but not much feeling in his performance.
【答案】technical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这位钢琴家有技巧,但演奏时缺乏感情。空处修饰名词skill,应填形容词作定语,故填technical。
74.It is his (responsible) to make arrangements for the meeting tomorrow.
【答案】responsibility
【详解】考查名词。句意:安排明天的会议事宜是他的职责所在。作表语,应用名词responsibility,故填responsibility。
75.He says what he thinks, (regard) of other people’s feelings.
【答案】regardless
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:他想说什么就说什么,不顾及别人的感受。此处为固定短关于regardless of,意为“不管,不顾”,符合语境。故填regardless。
76.The doctor asked the patient to tell him more (precise) where the pain was.
【答案】precisely
【详解】考查副词。句意:医生要求病人更准确地告诉他疼痛的部位。空处修饰动词tell,应填副词precisely“准确地”作状语,故填precisely。
77.You should take more (physics) exercise if you want to stay healthy.
【答案】physical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你想保持健康,就应该多做体育锻炼。此处位于名词“exercise”前,需用形容词作定语,physics为名词,意为“物理学”,其形容词形式“physical”意为“身体的;物理的”,physical exercise表示“体育锻炼”,符合语境。故填physical。
78.My (assume) that he had passed the exam was wrong.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:我认为他通过了考试的假设是错误的。此处位于形容词性物主代词“My”后,需用名词作主语,assume为动词,意为“假设;认为”,其名词形式是assumption,意为“假设”,根据系动词“was”可知,主语为单数,故填assumption。
79.He made a quick (adapt) to the surroundings.
【答案】adaptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:他很快就适应了周围的环境。空处作made的宾语,被quick修饰,名词adaptation符合题意,意为“适应”。故填adaptation。
80.Whenever he came back home, he brought some books (suit) for his child.
【答案】suitable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:每次他回家,都会带一些适合他孩子的书。此处修饰名词“books”,需用形容词作后置定语,suit为动词,意为“适合”,其形容词形式是suitable,意为“合适的”,suitable for为固定搭配,意为“适合……的”,符合语境。故填suitable。
81.Such questions can help you to make a better (judge).
【答案】judgment/judgement
【详解】考查名词。句意:这类问题能帮助你做出更好的判断。空处需作make的宾语,且空前有形容词比较级better修饰,故空处应填名词,judge的名词形式拼写为judgment或judgement,空前有不定冠词a,空处应填单数形式。故填judgment/judgement。
82.She spoke (gentle) to the frightened boy after the accident.
【答案】gently
【详解】考查副词。句意:事故发生后,她温柔地跟那个受惊的男孩说话。空处应用副词修饰spoke,gently“温柔地”符合题意。故填gently。
83.Some students don’t want to see him because he speaks in a (frighten) manner.
【答案】frightening
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有些学生不想见他,因为他说话的方式很吓人。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词manner,再结合句意“吓人的”是frightening。故填frightening。
84.The new idea needs to be further (examine).
【答案】examined
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个新想法需要进一步检验。空处作非谓语动词,与逻辑主语The new idea构成被动关系,应用过去分词examined,与to be构成动词不定式的被动式。故填examined。
85.He answered the (advertise) in the newspaper and got the job.
【答案】advertisement
【详解】考查名词。句意:他回应了报纸上的广告,得到了那份工作。根据空前定冠词the可知,空处需用名词作answered的宾语;advertise的名词为advertisement“广告”,此处特指报纸上的那个广告,名词需用单数。故填advertisement。
86.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she (lie) there.
【答案】had been lying
【详解】考查过去完成进行时。句意:当艾丽斯苏醒过来的时候,她不知道自己已经在那儿躺了多久。“爱丽丝醒来(came to)”是过去的动作,而“躺(lie)”这一动作在“醒来”之前就已经开始,并且一直持续到“醒来”这个过去的时间点,为过去的过去一直在进行的动作,应用过去完成进行时,其结构为“had been+现在分词”,lie的现在分词是lying。故填had been lying。
87.Our project began with the (create) of a well-rounded questionnaire covering students’ favorite genres, reading frequency, preferred formats, etc.
【答案】creation
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的项目始于设计一份全面的调查问卷,该问卷涵盖了学生喜爱的文学体裁、阅读频率、偏好的阅读形式等方面的内容。作介词的宾语,用名词creation,此处特指,用单数。故填creation。
88.We will see our Chinese enterprises becoming more and more (compete) internationally, and our motherland getting stronger than ever before.
【答案】competitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们将看到我们的中国企业在国际上变得越来越有竞争力,我们的祖国变得比以往任何时候都强大。设空处接在系动词后,应用形容词比较级作表语,表示“有竞争力的”,故填competitive。
89.To help deal with this problem, our Students Union will hold a (psychology) Health Week next week, the theme of which is “How to Relieve Mental Pressure”.
【答案】Psychological
【详解】考查形容词。句意:为了帮助解决这个问题,我们学生会将在下周举办一个“心理健康周”,主题是“如何缓解心理压力”。空处修饰名词短语Health Week,应填形容词作定语,此处是专有名词,首字母应大写,故填Psychological。
90.Such is Zhang Guimei, who is definitely (worth) of my heartfelt admiration and respect.
【答案】worthy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这就是张桂梅,她绝对值得我衷心的钦佩和尊敬。 be worthy of是固定搭配,意为“值得……”。形容词作表语。故填worthy。
91.These small yet (significance) changes will undoubtedly contribute to making our library an ideal place for learning and exploration.
【答案】significant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这些微小却意义重大的改变无疑将有助于把我们的图书馆变成一个理想的学习和探索场所。此处修饰名词“changes”,需用形容词作定语,所给词“significance”为名词,意为“意义”,其形容词形式是significant,意为“有意义的,重大的”,符合语境。故填significant。
92.We have hosted regular clean-up events in the school and (surround) areas, encouraging students to take an active role in keeping our environment clean.
【答案】surrounding
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们在学校及周边地区定期举办清理活动,鼓励学生们积极参与维护环境清洁的工作。修饰名词areas用形容词surrounding,作定语。故填surrounding。
93.English has been my friend since I was seven. (initial), I learnt English with the intention of being admitted into a key university.
【答案】Initially
【详解】考查副词。句意:从七岁起,英语就成了我的朋友。起初,我学习英语是为了考上重点大学。此处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子,initial的副词形式为initially“起初”,且位于句首首字母要大写。故填Initially。
94.We should care about others and try our best to help people in need. It is everyone's (responsible) to create a civilized campus.
【答案】responsibility
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们应该关心他人,尽力帮助有需要的人。创建文明校园是每个人的责任。 It is one's responsibility to do sth.是常用句型,意为“做某事是某人的责任”,名词作表语。故填responsibility。
95.The whole playground was alive with (excite). The winners were awarded fruits and vegetables, which added to their delight.
【答案】excitement
【详解】考查名词。句意:整个操场充满了兴奋的气氛。获胜者获得了水果和蔬菜,这更增添了他们的喜悦。空前有介词“with”,此处需用名词作宾语,所给词“excite”为动词,意为“使兴奋”,其名词形式是excitement,意为“兴奋”,是不可数名词,符合语境。故填excitement。
96.Surely, Andersen made great (contribute) to the world of children’s literature and will be remembered by people all over the world forever.
【答案】contributions
【详解】考查名词。句意:当然,安徒生为儿童文学领域做出了巨大的贡献,并将永远被全世界的人们铭记。空处应用名词,作宾语;contribution为可数名词,表示“贡献”,make contributions to表示“对……做出贡献”。故填contributions。
97.Last week, when I played basketball, I fell and twisted my ankle (accidental).
【答案】accidentally
【详解】考查副词。句意:上周,我在打篮球时不小心摔倒并扭伤了脚踝。修饰动词用副词accidentally,作状语。故填accidentally。
98.We need (educate) people so that they can understand the importance of a good, healthy diet.
【答案】to educate
【详解】考查不定式。句意:我们需要教育人们,使他们能够理解良好健康饮食的重要性。need to do sth.是固定短语,意为“需要做某事”,因此空格处用不定式to educate。故填to educate。
99.In order (gain) confidence, it’s time to shift your focus to your strengths, not your shortcomings.
【答案】to gain
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了获得自信,是时候将你的注意力转移到你的优点上,而不是你的缺点上了。in order to do sth.为固定短语,表示“为了做某事”,作目的状语。故填to gain。
100.The girl withdrew her hand from mine shyly, saying that she wanted a (withdraw) of her comments.
【答案】withdrawal
【详解】考查名词。句意:那女孩害羞地把手从我手里抽了回来,说她要收回她的话。不定冠词a后接可数名词单数形式,在句中作宾语。withdraw的名词形式为withdrawal,表示“收回”。故填withdrawal。
考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.Wearing a suit and tie is a d for a business meeting.
【答案】demand/emand
【详解】考查名词。句意:商务会议要求穿西装打领带。结合不定冠词a、首字母和句意,用单数名词demand (要求)作表语。故填demand。
2.She was deeply (失望) when she found out the concert tickets had sold out.
【答案】disappointed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当她发现音乐会门票已经售罄时,她非常失望。此处为形容词作表语,根据汉语提示“失望”,且主语是“She”(指人),对应的形容词是disappointed,意为“感到失望的”,符合句意。故填disappointed。
3.Their (利润) have fallen by 30 percent.
【答案】profits
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:他们的利润下降了30%。根据汉语提示“利润”可知,此处需要填入名词profit。根据后文have可知,句子主语应该为复数,profit的复数形式为profits。故填profits。
4.Ken just now (高声喊出) a warning telling people to get out of the way.
【答案】screamed
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:肯刚才高声喊出一个警告,告诉人们让开。根据括号中的汉语提示,表示“高声喊出”用scream,作谓语;根据句中just now可知,句子表述过去事实,用一般过去时。故填screamed。
5.You’d better not get yourself (暴露) to the sun so long. It may result in skin diseases.
【答案】exposed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:你最好不要让自己长时间暴露在阳光下,这可能会导致皮肤病。根据提示的汉语,表示“暴露”为动词expose,该句为“get +宾语+宾补”结构,表示“使……被……”,逻辑主语yourself与动词expose(暴露)之间是被动关系,应为过去分词exposed作宾补。故填exposed。
6.The political d (辩论) about the new tax policy lasted for hours, with no clear consensus reached.
【答案】debate/ebate
【详解】考查名词。句意:关于新税收政策的政治辩论持续了数小时,却未能达成明确的共识。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“辩论”应用debate,为可数名词,再由语境可知,这里特指“那一场辩论”,所以应用单数形式作主语。故填debate。
7.The children jumped with e (兴奋,激动) when they saw the Christmas tree.
【答案】excitement/xcitement
【详解】考查名词。句意:孩子们看到圣诞树时兴奋地跳了起来。空格处用名词作宾语,由首字母提示e可知,“兴奋,激动”的名词是excitement,是不可数名词,故填excitement。
8.A (后来), I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck.
【答案】Afterwards/fterwards
【详解】考查副词。句意:后来,我在餐车里吃了一些美味的墨西哥中式面条。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为副词Afterwards“后来”作状语修饰后面整个句子,满足句意要求。故填Afterwards。
9.The incident has received wide (新闻报道) in the press.
【答案】coverage
【详解】考查名词。句意:该事件在媒体上得到了广泛的新闻报道。形容词wide后接名词形式,在句中作宾语。名词“新闻报道”英文为coverage。故填coverage。
10.The accident was caused by an error of (判断) on the part of the pilot.
【答案】judgement
【详解】考查名词。句意:事故是由飞行员的判断失误造成的。空格处用名词作宾语,“判断”的名词是judgement,此处表抽象意义,是不可数名词,故填judgement。
11.Some students give up when they e (遇到) difficulties, while others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn.
【答案】encounter/ncounter
【详解】考查动词。句意:有些学生在遇到困难时就放弃了,而另一些能力稍逊的学生则会继续努力学习。根据中英文提示可知用动词encounter,根据上文give up可知为一般现在时,主语为they,谓语用原形。故填encounter。
12.The students return in September for the start of the new a (学业的) year.
【答案】academic/cademic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:学生们会在九月返校,开启新的学年。根据中英文提示可知用形容词academic,修饰名词year。故填academic。
13.From his (困惑的) look, we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a question to him.
【答案】confused/puzzled
【详解】考查形容词。句意:从他困惑的表情中,我们可以看出他没有料到我们会向他提出这样的问题。空处作定语,修饰名词look,结合汉语提示可知,形容词confused/puzzled符合题意,故填confused/puzzled。
14.She was awarded a full s (奖学金) for her outstanding academic achievements.
【答案】scholarship/cholarship
【详解】考查名词。句意:她因学业成绩优异而获得全额奖学金。根据首字母s及汉语提示“奖学金”可知,本空用名词scholarship,结合不定冠词a可知,用单数形式,作was awarded的宾语。故填scholarship。
15.I finally (发现)my friend in the crowd.
【答案】spotted
【详解】考查动词及时态。句意:我终于在人群中发现了我的朋友。“发现”常见英文为spot,根据语境,动作已发生,应用一般过去时,所以用spot的过去式spotted,在句中作谓语。故填spotted。
16.There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective, in which the poet Tagore shows (同情) for children’s feelings.
【答案】sympathy
【详解】考查名词。句意:还有许多以儿童视角创作的诗歌,泰戈尔在这些诗歌中表达了对儿童情感的同情。在in which引导的非限制性定语从句中,shows是谓语动词,其后的空要用名词作宾语。“同情”的英语是sympathy,是不可数名词,没有单复数的变化。故填sympathy。
17.Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant a (氛围) in the office.
【答案】atmosphere/tmosphere
【详解】考查名词。句意:自从他们吵架后,办公室里就一直有一种不愉快的气氛。根据中英文提示可知,名词atmosphere符合题意,作主语,不定冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填atmosphere。
18.Participating in the school debate competition is (有益的) to improving your logical thinking and public-speaking skills.
【答案】beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:参加学校的辩论比赛有益于提高你的逻辑思维和公众演讲技巧。此处为形容词作表语,根据提示的汉语,表示“有益的”为beneficial,be beneficial to...是固定搭配,意为“对……有益”。故填beneficial。
19.Our city is home to a d (各种各样的) population, with people from different countries.
【答案】diverse/iverse
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的城市居住着各种各样的人,有来自不同国家的人。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“各种各样的”应用diverse,为形容词,在本句中作定语,修饰后面名词。故填diverse。
20.Every child has the (潜力) to succeed; it’s up to educators to help them unlock it.
【答案】potential
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个孩子都有成功的潜力,能否帮助他们发掘这种潜力,取决于教育工作者。根据句意和中文提示,表示“潜力”应用potential,为不可数名词,在本句中作宾语。故填potential。
21.“Be certain to c your food extremely well before swallowing (吞咽) it.” Mom often reminds me over meals.
【答案】chew/hew
【详解】考查动词。句意:“吞咽前一定要把食物充分咀嚼。”妈妈经常在吃饭时提醒我。根据“before swallowing (吞咽) it”以及常识可知,此处指吞咽前要充分咀嚼食物,chew“咀嚼”,不定式符号to后接动词原形形式。故填chew。
22.C (当代的) artists have followed this tradition to create works that speak to the anxieties of our age.
【答案】Contemporary/ontemporary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当代艺术家遵循这一传统,创作出反映我们这个时代焦虑的作品。根据句意和首字母提示以及汉语提示可知,应填形容词contemporary“当代的”作定语,修饰名词artists,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Contemporary。
23.My assistant is now d (演示) the machine in action.
【答案】demonstrating/emonstrating
【详解】考查动词。句意:我的助手正在演示这台机器的运行情况。根据汉语提示“演示”及首字母提示可知,空处应用动词demonstrate,结合语境及时间状语now可知,此处表示动作正在发生,应用现在进行时,空前有is,所以空处应用动词的现在分词形式。故填demonstrating。
24.The old man shared his life (智慧) with the younger generation patiently.
【答案】wisdom/wit/intelligence
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位老人耐心地与年轻一代分享他的人生智慧。此处为名词作宾语,根据汉语提示可知,表示“智慧”可用不可数名词wisdom、wit或intelligence,三者均符合语境。故填wisdom。
25.With over 2, 500 bikes stored in our five rental shops, we make sure there is always a bike (可获得的) for you.
【答案】available
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的五家租车店存放了超过2500辆自行车,确保总有一辆自行车供你使用。“可获得的”修饰名词词组a bike,用形容词available作后置定语。故填available。
26.She (耳语) in his ear that she saw a thief just now.
【答案】whispered
【详解】考查时态。句意:她在他耳边低声说她刚才看见一个小偷。“耳语”是whisper,由saw可知,句子时态是一般过去时,空格处用过去式,故填whispered。
27.During the holiday season, our home always has a warm and festive .
【答案】atmosphere
【详解】考查名词。句意:每逢佳节,我们家总有一种温馨喜庆的气氛。空处作has的宾语,结合“the holiday season”和“warm and festive”可推知,名词atmosphere“气氛”符合题意,表示“温馨喜庆的气氛”,且空前有不定冠词a,atmosphere应用单数形式。故填atmosphere。
28.We can’t come to a (结论) until we have gathered all the necessary evidence.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意:在收集到所有必要的证据之前,我们不能得出结论。此处为名词作宾语,根据汉语提示“结论”可知,应为名词conclusion,come to a conclusion为固定搭配,意为“得出结论”,符合句意。故填conclusion。
29.Discouraging the students’ a for easy rewards is a matter of urgency.
【答案】appetite/ppetite
【详解】考查名词。句意:抑制学生对容易得到的奖励的欲望是当务之急。分析句子结构可知,students’后接名词形式,在句中作宾语,名词appetite,表示“强烈欲望,渴望”之意。故填appetite。
30.During the fast-paced lecture, it was challenging to (掌握) all the main ideas, so I focused on taking clear notes to review later.
【答案】grasp
【详解】考查动词。句意:在节奏很快的讲座中,要掌握所有的主要观点很有挑战性,所以我集中精力做好清晰的笔记以便之后复习。根据汉语提示“掌握”,此处应用动词grasp,且“it is +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,所以这里用动词原形grasp。故填grasp。
31.I take my time over every spoonful, rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk.
【答案】gently
【详解】考查副词。句意:我慢慢地享用每一勺,轻轻地将丝滑的甜点在口中滚动,享受着米饭和牛奶的完美融合。表示“轻轻地”,用副词gently,修饰动词rolling,作状语。故填gently。
32.Guangzhou’s restaurants (刺激) customers’ appetite with a variety of light dishes.
【答案】stimulate
【详解】考查动词。句意:广州的餐馆以各种清淡的菜肴刺激顾客的食欲。根据句子结构,此处缺少谓语动词。动词“刺激”英文为stimulate。句子描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语 restaurants为复数,所以用动词原形。故填 stimulate。
33.The (科学的) research on nutrition guided him to make healthier food choices.
【答案】scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:营养学方面的科学研究指导他选择更健康的食物。名词research前用形容词修饰。形容词“科学的”英文为scientific。故填scientific。
34.Athletes’ performance was evaluated through o (based on facts rather than on personal feelings or opinions) measurements like speed and accuracy.
【答案】objective/bjective
【详解】考查形容词。句意:运动员的表现是通过客观的测量方式来评估的,例如速度和准确性。根据首字母和英文释义“基于事实而非个人情感或观点”可知,此空应填objective,表“客观的”,为形容词,在本句中作定语修饰后面名词,符合语境。故填objective。
35.Music is often considered a u (true or suitable in every situation) language that transcends cultural barriers.
【答案】universal/niversal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:音乐通常被认为是一种超越文化障碍的通用语言。根据首字母提示和英文释义“true or suitable in every situation(在各种情况下都适用或合适的)”可知,此处应用形容词universal作定语,修饰名词language,意为“通用的,普遍的”。故填universal。
36.China plans to e (to make something longer or larger) its high-speed train network to more cities and regions, bringing greater convenience to people’s travel.
【答案】expand/xpand
【详解】考查动词。句意:中国计划将高铁网络扩展到更多城市和地区,为人们的出行带来更大便利。根据首字母e以及括号内释义“to make something longer or larger(使某物更长或更大)”可知,空处应填动词expand,意为“扩展”。plan to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“计划做某事”,所以空处用动词原形。故填expand。
37.Learning about different customs can have a s (有重大意义的,显著的) impact on how we view the world.
【答案】significant/ignificant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:了解不同的习俗对我们如何看待世界有着重大的影响。根据汉语提示“有重大意义的,显著的”以及首字母s可知,应填形容词significant,作定语修饰名词impact。故填significant。
38.It requires both courage to silence external expectations and patience to hear your own inner creative (低语).
【答案】whisper
【详解】考查名词。句意:既要勇敢地无视外界的期望,又要有耐心倾听自己内心创造性的低语。根据汉语提示“低语”以及形容词inner creative(内心创造性的)可知,此处应填名词whisper,作宾语,符合语境。故填whisper。
39.The failure of the peace talks set off a chain of (危机).
【答案】crises
【详解】考查名词。句意:和谈的失败引发了一连串的危机。“危机”是crisis,空前有a chain of可知,空格处用复数crises,故填crises。
40.They chose to a (宣布, 通知) their decision after careful consideration and discussions with their team.
【答案】announce/nnounce
【详解】考查动词。句意:在经过仔细考虑并与团队讨论后,他们选择宣布自己的决定。根据汉语提示“宣布,通知”及首字母“a”可知,应为动词announce,位于不定式符号to之后,所以此处使用动词原形。故填announce。
41.Parents may find that a t teenager becomes unmanageable.
【答案】troublesome/roublesome
【详解】考查形容词。句意:父母可能会发现,一个麻烦的青少年变得难以管教。此处需用形容词作定语修饰“teenager”。根据首字母“t”及“unmanageable(难以管教的)”的语境可知,此处为troublesome表示“麻烦的,令人烦恼的”,符合“青少年难以管教”的逻辑。故填troublesome。
42.The children feel as if they were transported to the Amazon Rainforest thanks to the writer’s (生动的) description.
【答案】vivid
【详解】考查形容词。句意:由于作者生动的描述,孩子们感觉自己仿佛被送到了亚马逊雨林。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填形容词vivid“生动的”,作定语修饰名词description。故填vivid。
43.The basic v of a language is those words that must be learnt.
【答案】vocabulary/ocabulary
【详解】考查名词。句意:语言的基本词汇是那些必须学习的单词。根据单词首字母以及句意“词汇”可知,空格处应用单词“vocabulary”,意为“词汇”,为不可数名词,作主语。故填vocabulary。
44.He suffered s brain damage after an accident.
【答案】severe/serious/evere/erious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他在一次事故后遭受了严重的脑损伤。根据句意“严重的”和首字母提示“s”可知,此处为形容词severe/serious作定语,修饰名词brain damage。故填severe/serious。
45.He thought her political (运动) would probably fade out soon in any case.
【答案】campaign
【详解】考查名词。句意:他认为无论怎样她的政治运动可能很快就会逐渐消失。根据汉语提示“运动”可知,空处需要名词campaign“运动”作从句主语,该词在本句中表示具体的“政治运动”这一事件,为可数名词,根据空前的her political可知,此处特指“她的政治运动”,用单数形式即可。故填campaign。
46.The (购买) price figures out at about two million dollars.
【答案】purchase
【详解】考查名词。句意:购买价格约为200万美元。根据空前定冠词The和空后名词price以及汉语提示“购买”可知,空处应填名词purchase,作定语修饰price,purchase price表示“购买价格”。故填purchase。
47.The ancient Egyptian (文明世界) is one of the oldest in the world.
【答案】civilisation
【详解】考查名词。句意:古埃及文明是世界上最古老的文明之一。根据汉语提示可知,表示“文明世界”可用名词civilisation作主语。故填civilisation。
48.The dialogue in the film is amusing but the p is weak.
【答案】plot/lot
【详解】考查名词。句意:这部电影的对白很有趣,但情节薄弱。根据首字母“p”及“The dialogue in the film”可知,此处指电影的“情节”,应用名词“plot”。由“is”可知,空格处用单数形式。故填plot。
49.Every year we have charity days to raise money for (不幸的) people.
【答案】unfortunate
【详解】考查形容词。句意:每年我们都有慈善日来为不幸的人筹款。根据汉语提示“不幸的”可知,此处为形容词unfortunate,作定语修饰名词people。故填unfortunate。
50.He found a dog (遗弃) in the wood and brought him home.
【答案】abandoned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他发现一只被遗弃在树林里的狗,然后把它带回了家。根据汉语提示“遗弃”可知,此处应为动词abandon,句中已有谓语动词found和brought,所以abandon应用非谓语形式,此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语a dog与abandon之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填abandoned。
二、单句语法填空50题
1.Transitioning to farming methods that protect nature requires (consider) large first investment in basic facilities but brings important environmental benefits over time.
【答案】considering
【详解】考查动名词。句意:向保护自然的农业方法转型需要考虑在基础设施方面的大量初始投资,但随着时间的推移会带来重要的环境效益。谓语动词“requires”后需接动名词作宾语,require doing sth.为固定用法,意为“需要做某事”,consider的动名词形式为considering,符合语境。故填considering。
2.Construction of the hydroelectric dam cannot commence until environmental (approve) is granted by the regulatory commission following a biodiversity impact assessment.
【答案】approval
【详解】考查名词。句意:在进行生物多样性影响评估后,需获得监管委员会的环境批准,水力发电大坝才能开始建设。作从句的主语,用approve的名词approval,意为“批准”,为不可数名词。故填approval。
3.After harvest, users simply replace the plants a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
【答案】with/by
【详解】考查介词。句意:收获后,用户只需将植物替换成新的预播种豆荚,即可开始下一个生长周期。replace...with/by...“用……替换……”,固定搭配,故填with/by。
4.Writing is a matter of personal (prefer).
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:写作是一项个人偏好。动词prefer需转换为名词preference形式作介词of的宾语,不可数。故填preference。
5.Never cease (try) to be the best you can be — that’s under your control.
【答案】trying
【详解】考查动名词。句意:永远不要停止努力成为最好的自己——这在你的掌控之中。cease doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“停止做某事”,强调停止正在进行的动作,结合句意,此处语境是强调不要停止“努力成为最好的自己”这一持续进行的动作,因此应用动名词形式。故填trying。
6.Many people’s hobbies nowadays are (collect) things, e.g, stamps, postcards or antiques.
【答案】collecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在许多人的爱好是收集东西,如邮票、明信片或古董。句中系动词are后需接表语,此处表示“收集东西”这一动作或行为,应用动名词形式collecting作表语,说明主语hobbies的具体内容。故填collecting。
7.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening its (one) exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】first
【详解】考查序数词。句意:中国古茶博物馆在典礼上正式揭幕,并开放了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——馆藏普洱茶专题展。所填词作定语修饰单数可数名词exhibition,在此表示“第一个展览”,基数词one要变为对应的序数词first。故填first。
8.They then tested my (sing) skills and asked what role I wanted to play.
【答案】singing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:然后他们测试了我的歌唱技能,并问我想扮演什么角色。修饰名词skills应用sing的动名词形式singing作定语,用来说明被修饰名词的性质、用途或与动作相关的特征。singing skill表示“歌唱技能”,符合语境。故填singing。
9.I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means (step) out of my comfort zone.
【答案】stepping
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我意识到,通过尝试新事物,我可以获得乐趣 —— 即使这意味着要走出我的舒适区。mean doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“意味着做某事”,所以此处应用step的动名词形式stepping作宾语。故填stepping。
10.Psychology research suggests (wait) for things actually makes us happier in the long run.
【答案】waiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:心理学研究表明,从长远来看,等待实际上会让我们更快乐。suggests意为“表明”,后接的是省略连接词的宾语从句,空处和空后的for things搭配,作句子的主语,是非谓语,且主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作,因此应用wait的动名词形式。故填waiting。
11.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).
【答案】taken
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一本新护照,所以我得让人给我拍张照片。此处为“have + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构,宾语photograph与take之间是被动关系,即照片被拍摄,所以应用take的过去分词形式taken作宾语补足语。故填taken。
12.Eventually, he took exercise regularly with the (intend) of staying healthy.
【答案】intention
【详解】考查名词。句意:最终,他有规律地锻炼,目的是保持健康。此空应填名词作介词with的宾语,intend的名词形式是intention,意为“意图,目的”,with the intention of,为固定短语,意为“目的是……”,符合“锻炼的目的是保持健康”的语境。故填intention。
13.You choose which (long) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.
【答案】length
【详解】考查名词。句意:你选择你想要的长度,它就会给你一个像收据一样的短篇故事。此处为名词作want的宾语由“and it gives you a receipt-like short story,long的名词为length意为“长度”,是不可数名词。故填length。
14.Seeing my expression, my mother asked me what had caused my . (anxious)
【答案】 anxious anxiously anxiety
【详解】考查形容词、副词和名词。句意:看到我焦虑的表情,妈妈焦急地问我什么引起了我的焦虑。分析句子可知,第一个空修饰名词 “expression(表情)”,需用形容词形式 “anxious”,表示“焦虑的表情”。第二个空修饰动词“asked(询问)”,需用副词形式 “anxiously”,表示 “焦急地询问”。第三个空位于形容词性物主代词“my”之后,需用名词形式“anxiety”,表示“我的焦虑”,作宾语。故分别填anxious;anxiously;anxiety。
15.When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her envy.
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意:当玛丽在舞台上主持晚会时,她的同事们羡慕地看着她。分析句子可知,此处考查固定搭配“look at...with envy”,意为“羡慕地看着……”。with在此处表示“带着、具有”某种情感或状态,符合语境。故填with。
16.It is worth (mention) that our volleyball team won the championship twice.
【答案】mentioning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:值得一提的是,我们的排球队两次获得冠军。此处是固定搭配“be worth doing sth.(值得做某事)”,用动名词作宾语。故填mentioning。
17.But soldiers who do not have medical training may not know how to help their (injure) friends.
【答案】injured
【详解】考查形容词。句意:但是没有接受过医疗训练的士兵可能不知道如何帮助受伤的朋友。根据空后名词friends可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;injure的形容词为injured“受伤的”,符合题意。故填injured。
18.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while (cooperate), humbleness and courage are praised.
【答案】cooperation
【详解】考查名词。句意:通常,我们不鼓励残忍和欺骗,而鼓励合作、谦逊和勇气。空处和humbleness、courage并列作主语,所以空处应填名词形式,cooperate的名词形式是cooperation,意为“合作”,为不可数名词。故填cooperation。
19.The agricultural productivity of this country remained low in (compare) with that of advanced countries like the United Kingdom.
【答案】comparison
【详解】考查名词。句意:与英国等先进国家相比,这个国家的农业生产力仍然很低。此处为名词作介词in的宾语, in comparison with为固定介词短语,表示“与……相比”,符合语境。故填comparison。
20.You will be able to watch their (behave) which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic.
【答案】behaviour/behavior
【详解】考查名词。句意:你将能够观察他们的行为,这会给你重要的线索,让你了解他们对某个话题的感受。此处位于形容词性物主代词“their”后,需用名词形式,behave是动词,意为“表现”,其名词形式是behaviour(英式)或behavior(美式),意为“行为”,作宾语,且为不可数名词。故填behaviour/behavior。
21.An early-warning system helps us maintain the ecological balance by signaling the (urge) need for taking preventive action.
【答案】urgent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:预警系统通过发出紧急需要采取预防性措施的信号,帮助我们维持生态平衡。修饰名词need应用形容词urgent,作定语。故填urgent。
22.From age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.
【答案】the
【详解】考查定冠词。句意:特里今年26岁,从6岁起,她就在学校放假的时候陪德里克去上班。空格处用定冠词特指6岁的年龄,故填the。
23.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so (demand), the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.
【答案】demanding
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在无情的加拿大北部生活要求如此苛刻,因纽特人对道德的实际态度是有道理的。空处作表语,表示“严苛的”,应用形容词demanding。故填demanding。
24.Many students like to spend time (memory) English vocabulary.
【答案】memorizing
【详解】考查动名词。句意:许多学生喜欢花时间记忆英语词汇。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定表达,意为“花费时间做某事”,memory对应的动词是memorize。要把memorize变为 -ing 形式memorizing。故填memorizing。
25.The senior citizens only need to call up to make an (appoint), and the platform will take orders automatically.
【答案】appointment
【详解】考查名词。句意:老年人只需打电话预约,平台就会自动接单。根据空前不定冠词an可知,空处需用可数名词单数作宾语;结合句意可知,appoint的名词appointment“预约”,构成固定搭配make an appointment“预约”。故填appointment。
26.For well over a hundred years the most (influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
【答案】influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在一百多年的时间里,最具影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的《英语词典》。根据空后“English dictionary”可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;influence的形容词influential“有影响力的”,符合题意,此处表示最具影响力的英语词典,用形容词最高级the most influential。故填influential。
27.The saleswoman felt (guilt) about not visiting her parents more often.
【答案】guilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这位女销售员因没有更经常地看望父母而感到内疚。此处位于系动词“felt”后,需用形容词作表语,guilt是名词,意为“内疚”,其形容词形式是guilty,意为“内疚的”,符合语境。故填guilty。
28.The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as (refer) books.
【答案】reference
【详解】考查名词。句意:教科书和字典都可以被当作参考书使用。修饰books,表示书的功能或类别,用名词reference“参考”作定语,reference books“参考书”。故填reference。
29.Whatever he says, I will never forgive his (cheat) me again.
【答案】cheating
【详解】考查动名词。句意:无论他说什么,我绝不会再原谅他欺骗我。“forgive” 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,“forgive one’s doing sth.”表示“原谅某人做某事”。此处 “cheat”为动词,应用其动名词形式“cheating”。故填cheating。
30.Mr. Li is a (commit)teacher, who is very popular among students.
【答案】committed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:李先生是一位尽心尽力的老师,在学生中很受欢迎。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“teacher”。所给词“commit”是动词,意为“承诺;致力于”,其形容词形式“committed”表示“尽心尽力的;坚定的”,符合语境。故填committed。
31.Many (society) problems came up after he came into power last year.
【答案】social
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在他去年上台之后,出现了许多社会问题。此处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词problems。society的形容词形式为social,表示“社会的”。故填social。
32.Please keep the windows shut because she is very (sense) to the cold.
【答案】sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:请把窗户关上,因为她对寒冷非常敏感。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作表语,“be sensitive to”是固定搭配,意为“对……敏感”,sense的形容词形式是sensitive。故填sensitive。
33.We knew nothing about her illness because she made no (refer) of it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】reference
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们对她的病一无所知,因为她没有提到过。空处作动词made的宾语,应用名词reference,表示“提及”。故填reference。
34.The company is very famous for the (produce) of new cell phones. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】production
【详解】考查名词。句意:这家公司以生产新手机而闻名。根据句子结构可知,此处应填名词作为介词for的宾语,produce的名词形式为production,当表示“生产”这一行为或过程时,是不可数名词。故填production。
35.His (prefer) is that he should play football with his classmates. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:他更愿意和同学一起踢足球。空处为主语,和is保持一致,应用名词单数,故填preference。
36.Your car (handle) easily. It’s much better than mine. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】handles
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:你的车好开。比我的好多了。空处作谓语,结合“It’s”可知,时态应用一般现在时,描述当前的情况,再结合“easily”可知,句子描述车子的内在特性,应用handle“驾驶”的主动形式表被动,且主语Your car是单数,handle需用第三人称单数形式。故填handles。
37.It was an (extreme) difficult and dangerous task. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】extremely
【详解】考查副词。句意:这是一项极其艰巨且充满危险的任务。修饰形容词difficult用副词extremely,故填extremely。
38.The (devote) of parents to their children is selfless. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】devotion
【详解】考查名词。句意:父母对子女的奉献是无私的。空处用于定冠词The之后,应用名词devotion作主语,表示“奉献”,不可数。故填devotion。
39.I have (bare) enough money to live on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】barely
【详解】考查副词。句意:我的钱仅够维持生活。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词enough;bare的副词为barely“仅仅,勉强”,符合题意。故填barely。
40.The (wait) room is crowded with visitors from the other city.
【答案】waiting
【详解】考查动名词。句意:候车室里挤满了来自其他城市的访客。此处修饰名词“room”,表示“用于等待的房间”,需用动名词作定语,说明房子的功能,所给词“wait”为动词,意为“等待”,其动名词形式是“waiting”,waiting room表示“候车室、等候室”,符合语境。故填waiting。
41.We are now at a (turn) point, so we should be very careful with our decision.
【答案】turning
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我们现在正处于一个转折点,所以我们应该非常谨慎地做出决定。固定短语turning point意为“转折点”,动名词turning作定语。故填turning。
42.The bus has (stick) in the mud, so we had to get off and walk to a village.
【答案】been stuck
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:公交车陷在泥里了,所以我们不得不下车步行去一个村庄。根据空前的has及语境可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,来强调公共汽车从过去某一时刻开始一直处于被卡住的状态,其结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”,空前已有助动词has,故空处应用been stuck,且be stuck in为固定短语,意为“陷入……”,符合语境。故填been stuck。
43.You should find a more (practice) method of getting better grades.
【答案】practical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你应该找到一个更实用的方法来取得更好的成绩。空处修饰名词method,应用形容词practical表示“实用的”,与空前的more构成形容词的比较级,作定语。故填practical。
44.He satisfied his (hungry) with everything in the refrigerator.
【答案】hunger
【详解】考查名词。句意:他用冰箱里的东西充饥。形容词性物主代词his后接名词形式,在句中作宾语。hungry的名词形式为hunger,为“饥饿”之意,不可数名词。故填hunger。
45.Don’t worry. I can (defence) myself from my enemies.
【答案】defend
【详解】考查动词。句意:别担心。我可以保护自己免受敌人的攻击。空前有情态动词can,所以空处应用动词原形。defend意为“保卫”,为及物动词。defend sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。故填defend。
46.The (collect) of the data for this report took me a lot of time.
【答案】collection
【详解】考查名词。句意:收集这份报告所需的数据花了我很多时间。根据空前的The可知,空处应用名词作主语。根据空后的of the data可知,这里指“这份报告的收集”。collection意为“收集,采集”,为不可数名词。故填collection。
47.Our country has learned a lot from the (advance) countries.
【答案】advanced
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们国家从发达国家学到了很多东西。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的名词countries可知,此处应用advance的形容词形式advanced作定语,意为“先进的”,advanced countries表示“发达国家”,符合语境。故填advanced。
48.At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of is about English idioms.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:应一些英语学习者的要求,他出版了很多书,其中一本是关于英语习语的。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是books,指物,关系词位于介词of之后,所以此处需用关系代词which引导定语从句,作介词of的宾语。 故填which。
49.As a student of Senior Three, he has very little free time he can spend developing his own interest.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:作为一名高三的学生,他几乎没有时间培养自己的爱好。分析句子可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰先行词“free time”(空闲时间),且在从句中作“spend”的宾语。先行词指物,且由little来修饰,故只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
50.At the same time, I learned to plant vegetables and gained much (agriculture) knowledge.
【答案】agricultural
【详解】考查形容词。句意:同时,我学会了种植蔬菜,获得了许多农业知识。空处需填形容词作定语,修饰名词knowledge,agriculture的形容词形式是agricultural,意为“农业的”。故填agricultural。
考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.Surveys show a t (趋势) away from home-ownership and toward rented accommodation.
【答案】trend/rend
【详解】考查名词。句意:调查结果显示,人们越来越倾向于租房而非购买房产。根据中英文提示可知用名词trend,作宾语,不定冠词提示用单数。故填trend。
2.His shyness is a b to making new friends and he often finds it difficult to start conversations with strangers.
【答案】barrier/arrier
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的害羞是结交新朋友的障碍,而且他经常发现很难和陌生人开始交谈。根据单词首字母以及句意可知,此处应填名词barrier,barrier为可数名词,空前有不定冠词a,所以此处用单数形式作表语。故填barrier。
3.The success of that play is not only down to the (改编) but also to actors’ and actresses’ performance
【答案】adaptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:那部戏剧的成功不仅归功于改编本身,还在于演员们的出色表演。谓语动词是is,空前有介词to和定冠词the,空里要填单数名词。adaptation是名词,表示“改编”,符合要求。故填adaptation。
4.Seeing the end of the letter, she couldn’t c (抑制) her sorrow and tears rolled down her cheeks.
【答案】contain/control/check/ontain/ontrol/heck
【详解】考查动词。句意:看到信的结尾,她抑制不住自己的悲伤,眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。此处为动词作谓语,根据汉语提示“抑制”及首字母“c”可知,应为动词contain/control/check,空前有情态动词couldn’t,后接动词原形。故填contain/control/check。
5.He would not accept his job for such a small s because he had to support a big family.
【答案】salary/alary
【详解】考查名词。句意:他不会接受这份薪水这么少的工作,因为他得养活一个大家庭。根据单词首字母以及句意“薪水”以及上文形容词small,可知应填名词salary,由不定冠词a可知,用单数形式,在句中作介词for的宾语。故填salary。
6.The book is a work of f and not intended as a historical account.
【答案】fiction/iction
【详解】考查名词。句意:这本书是虚构作品,并非旨在作为历史记载。根据单词首字母以及句意“虚构”以及上文介词of,可知应填名词fiction,“a work of fiction”为固定搭配,意为“虚构作品”,fiction为不可数名词,在句中作介词of的宾语。故填fiction。
7.He (推断) from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
【答案】inferred
【详解】考查动词。句意:他从这篇文章中推断出飞行员对这起事故负有责任。根据汉语提示“推断”可知,用动词infer。事情发生在过去,时态应用一般过去时,谓语用过去式inferred。故填inferred。
8.Although Einstein was the better p , Hilbert was the better mathematician.
【答案】physicist/hysicist
【详解】考查名词。句意:虽然爱因斯坦是更出色的物理学家,但希尔伯特是更优秀的数学家。根据句意和首字母可知,此空应填physicist,表“物理学家”,为可数名词,且由主语Einstein可知,这里应用单数形式作表语。故填physicist。
9.We already do hours of sport, including (田径运动).
【答案】athletics
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们已经进行了大量的体育锻炼,包括田径运动。根据汉语提示可知用名词athletics,作宾语,不可数。故填athletics。
10.Mothers are often the ones who provide e support for the family.
【答案】emotional/motional
【详解】考查形容词。句意:母亲常常是为家庭提供情感支持的人。根据首字母“e”及语境,这里需用形容词emotional,表示“情感的”,在句中作定语,修饰名词support。故填emotional。
11.He was a (高尚的) man who was always willing to help others.
【答案】noble
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他是一个高尚的人,总是乐于助人。根据汉语提示“高尚的”以及空后的名词man可知,此处应填形容词noble,作定语修饰名词man。 故填noble。
12.There’s a reasonable (可能性) that his debts will be paid.
【答案】prospect
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的债务有望得到偿还。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词prospect“可能性”作主语,满足句意要求。故填prospect。
13.He didn’t get a (像样的) explanation.
【答案】decent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他没有得到一个像样的解释。根据汉语意思提示可知,“像样的”对应的英文单词是“decent”,它是形容词,在句中作定语修饰名词“explanation”,符合语境。故填decent。
14.It was not until I completed the form that I realized that half the questions were not r to me.
【答案】relevant/elevant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:直到填完表格,我才意识到有一半的问题与我无关。根据首字母提示可知,此处使用形容词relevant,意为“相关的”,作表语,be relevant to为固定短语,意为“与……相关”。故填relevant。
15.I have yet to think of a (食谱) that is not in their database.
【答案】recipe
【详解】考查名词。句意:我还没有想到有任何一种食谱不在他们的数据库之列的。根据汉语提示和空格前的不定冠词a可知,空格处应该用单数名词recipe作宾语。故填recipe。
16.Experience is (极其重要的) for this job.
【答案】essential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:经验对这项工作至关重要。根据汉语提示可知,空处需要形容词essential“极其重要的”,在句中作表语,符合题意。故填essential。
17.The problem of drug (滥用) should be paid more attention to.
【答案】abuse
【详解】考查名词。句意:药物滥用问题应得到更多关注。根据汉语提示“滥用”可知,空处应填名词abuse,构成名词短语drug abuse,表示“药物滥用”,作宾语。故填abuse。
18.Now that you’re in charge of the department, you are (肯定会)to carry out the plan.
【答案】bound
【详解】考查形容词。句意:既然你负责这个部门,就必须执行这项计划。空处作表语,结合汉语提示可知,形容词bound符合,be bound to do“一定会做某事”。故填bound。
19.Unable to resist the (冲动), he glanced at the sea again.
【答案】impulse
【详解】考查名词。句意:他抑制不住自己的冲动,又看了一眼大海。空格处用名词作宾语,“冲动”是impulse,表特指,应用单数。故填impulse。
20.Evidence shows that smoking harms nearly every o of the body.
【答案】organ/rgan
【详解】考查名词。句意:有证据表明,吸烟会对人体几乎所有的器官造成损害。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用名词organ,作宾语,every后跟单数名词。故填organ。
21.N cells have limited ability to regenerate if destroyed.
【答案】Nerve/erve
【详解】考查名词。句意:神经细胞如果被破坏,再生能力有限。根据句意及首字母N可知,此处使用名词nerve“神经”,修饰cells,作定语,句首单词,首字母需大写。故填Nerve。
22.Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food (摄入量) more accurately.
【答案】intake
【详解】考查名词。句意:写日记可以帮助你更准确地计算出每日的食物摄入量。根据汉语提示“摄入量”可知,此处使用名词intake,作work out的宾语。故填intake。
23.Whenever you move to a new area, you should (找出……的准确位置) the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
【答案】locate
【详解】考查动词。句意:无论何时你搬到一个新的地方,都应该找到消防报警拉绳装置以及离你房间最近的两个出口。“找出……的准确位置”是动词locate,should是情态动词,空格处用原形,故填locate。
24.It’s only a (纵横填字游戏) puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.
【答案】crossword
【详解】考查名词。句意:这只是一个填字游戏,可以帮助我增加词汇量。“纵横填字游戏”是crossword,作定语,修饰puzzle,故填crossword。
25.The men were arrested but not brought to t .
【答案】trial/rial
【详解】考查名词。句意:这些人被逮捕了,但没有被带到法庭审判。空处应填入名词作宾语,根据首字母和句意可知,trial“审判,审讯”,符合句意。故填trial。
26.He is optimistic that his government will be able to manage the (爆发) effectively.
【答案】outbreak
【详解】考查名词。句意:他乐观地认为他的政府能够有效地应对这次爆发。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用名词outbreak,作manage的宾语。故填outbreak。
27.They started looking for ways to increase their profits and called in a c .
【答案】consultant/onsultant
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们开始寻找增加利润的方法,并请来了一位顾问。根据句意以及首字母提示可知,此处为名词consultant“顾问”,作宾语,结合空前有不定冠词“a”,用单数形式。故填consultant。
28.I find the book with the help of the l .
【答案】librarian/ibrarian
【详解】考查名词。句意:我在图书管理员的帮助下找到了这本书。根据句意以及首字母提示,空处应用名词librarian,表示“图书管理员”,作介词of的宾语,此处指某一个图书管理员,应用单数形式。故填librarian。
29.In her younger days, my mother had been a successful (女推销员).
【答案】saleswoman
【详解】考查名词。句意:我母亲年轻时曾是一位成功的推销员。“女推销员”是saleswoman,空前有a,空格处用单数,故填saleswoman。
30.Each circle (象征性地) represents the whole of humanity.
【答案】symbolically
【详解】考查副词。句意:每个圆圈象征性地代表着全人类。“象征性地”修饰动词represents,用副词symbolically作状语。故填symbolically。
31.The state maintains a (数据库) of names of people allowed to vote.
【答案】database
【详解】考查名词。句意:该州维护着一份有投票资格人员的数据库。“数据库”对应的英文单词是database,空前有不定冠词a,所以用单数形式,在句中作宾语。故填database。
32.Statistically our chances of being the v of violent crime are remote.
【答案】victims/ictims
【详解】考查名词。句意:从统计数据来看,我们成为暴力犯罪受害者的几率微乎其微。空处作being的表语,结合“of violent crime”和首字母提示可推知,victim“受害者”符合题意,表示“成为暴力犯罪受害者”,且结合“our chances”可知,victim应用复数形式。故填victims。
33.He had attempted to rescue the (溺水) man.
【答案】drowning
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他曾试图营救那个溺水的人。“溺水的”英文为drowning ,在句中作定语,故填drowning。
34.Failure can lay s foundation for your future success.
【答案】solid/olid
【详解】考查形容词。句意:失败能为你未来的成功打下坚实的基础。这里需要一个形容词修饰名词,结合首字母提示可知,solid(坚实的;牢固的)符合要求,lay a solid foundation for...意为“为……打下坚实的基础”。故填solid。
35.The wheels started to (下沉) into the mud.
【答案】sink
【详解】考查动词。句意:轮子开始陷进泥里。根据汉语提示“下沉”可知,此处用动词sink,且位于不定式符号to后,用动词原形。故填sink。
36.The flowers were gently swaying in the (微风).
【答案】breeze
【详解】考查名词。句意:花儿在微风中轻轻摇曳。“微风”对应的英文单词是breeze,是不可数名词,在句中作“in”的宾语。故填breeze。
37.When you (挥手) to a friend who is across the street, you are using sign language.
【答案】wave
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当你向街对面的朋友挥手时,你在使用手语。“挥手”是wave,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语是you,空格处用原形,故填wave。
38.Ben continued to (盯着看) out the window.
【答案】stare
【详解】考查动词。句意:Ben继续盯着窗外看。根据汉语提示“盯着看”以及空前的不定式符号to可知,此处应填动词原形stare,stare out the window意为“盯着窗外看”。故填stare。
39.Stores spend more and more on (犯罪活动) prevention every year.
【答案】crime
【详解】考查名词。句意:商店每年在预防犯罪活动上的花费越来越多。根据汉语提示“犯罪活动”以及空后的名词prevention可知,此处应填名词crime,作定语修饰prevention,crime prevention为固定短语,意为“犯罪预防”。故填crime。
40.Doctors study the (结构) of the human body.
【答案】structure
【详解】考查名词。句意:医生们研究人体结构。“结构”常见英文单词为structure,这里特指人体结构,用单数形式,在句中作宾语。故填structure。
41.It causes blindness or serious loss of (视力).
【答案】vision
【详解】考查名词。句意:它会导致失明或严重的视力丧失。根据汉语提示“视力”可知,本空用名词 vision,作介词of的宾语。故填vision。
42.I drove around the business (地区) yesterday.
【答案】district
【详解】考查名词。句意:昨天我开车在商业区转了转。根据汉语提示“地区”可知,本空用名词district,此处特指“商业区”,用单数形式,作around的宾语。故填district。
43.Shortly afterwards, police arrested four (嫌疑人) in yesterday's rob- bery.
【答案】suspects
【详解】考查名词。句意:不久之后,警方逮捕了昨天抢劫案中的四名嫌疑人。suspect意为“嫌疑人”,是可数名词,由four可知,要用复数形式suspects,在句中作宾语。故填suspects。
44.She wrapped a (手帕) around her bleeding palm in an effort to protect it.
【答案】handkerchief
【详解】考查名词。句意:她用手帕包住流血的手掌,试图保护它。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词handkerchief“手帕”作宾语,满足句意要求。故填handkerchief。
45.What they had in mind at the (至关重要的,关键的) moment was the national interest.
【答案】crucial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在关键时刻,他们所考虑的却是国家利益。根据汉语提示和空格后的名词moment可知,空格处应该用形容词crucial作定语,修饰下文的名词moment。故填crucial。
46.I have been interested in stars since my childhood, so my dream is to become an a .
【答案】astronomer/stronomer
【详解】考查名词。句意:我自幼就对星星充满兴趣,所以我的梦想就是成为一名天文学家。根据上文的I have been interested in stars和首字母a以及空格前的不定冠词an可知,空格处应该用单数名词astronomer“天文学家”作表语。故填astronomer。
47.The (幕布) is about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
【答案】curtain
【详解】考查名词。句意:幕布即将拉开,几分钟后,剧情和对话将为你讲述这个故事。根据汉语提示“幕布”可知应填名词curtain,此处作主语,结合后文的is可知名词应用单数形式。故填curtain。
48.Candidates will also have to produce a range of (文学的) works, such as a short story or poem.
【答案】literary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:考生还必须创作一系列文学作品,如短篇小说或诗歌。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填形容词literary“文学的”,作定语修饰名词works。故填literary。
49.She started as a secretary but finally had the ability to run the (部门).
【答案】department
【详解】考查名词。句意:她起初是一名秘书,但最终有能力管理这个部门了。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“部门”应用department,作宾语,为可数名词,再由语境可知,这里应用单数形式指她所在的那一个部门。故填department。
50.All the (申请人) for the chairman of the Student Union must send in your profile before Jan.22.
【答案】applicants
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:所有申请学生会主席职位的人必须在1月22日之前提交您的个人资料。根据空前All和汉语提示可知,空处应用表示“申请人”的名词复数形式applicants,作主语。故填applicants。
二、单句语填50题
51.With the (improve ) of living levels, people are paying more and more attention to healthy lifestyles.
【答案】improvement
【详解】考查名词。句意:随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越关注健康的生活方式。此处为名词作介词With的宾语,improve为动词,意为“提高,改善”,其名词形式为improvement,意为“提高,改善”,是不可数名词,符合语境。故填improvement。
52. Their military capability (reduce) because their air force proves not to be effective.
【答案】has been reduced
【详解】考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意:他们的军事能力已经被削弱了,因为他们的空军被证明并不有效。reduce(削弱)作主句谓语,与主语“Their military capability”之间是被动关系,强调已经发生的事情对现在的影响,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是不可数名词,谓语用单数。故填has been reduced。
53.A large number of books (steal) from the library so far.
【答案】have been stolen
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:到目前为止,有大量的书被偷自图书馆。根据时间状语“so far”可知,使用现在完成时,且主语books与谓语steal之间是被动关系,主语为复数名词,助动词用have。故填have been stolen。
54.More than admiring scenery, the mentor told children (identify) rocks and some plant species in the reserve.
【答案】to identify
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:导师告诉孩子们,除了欣赏风景,还要识别保护区里的岩石和一些植物物种。tell sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“告诉某人做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to identify。
55.China currently dominates the rare earth (mine) market and the auto industry has long relied on the country to source EV batteries.
【答案】mineral
【详解】考查名词。句意:中国目前主导着稀土矿市场,汽车行业长期以来一直依赖中国来采购电动汽车电池。the rare earth mineral market 意为“稀土矿市场”,mineral为名词“矿物”,为名词作定语。故填mineral。
56.There are things you can do (ease) this problem.
【答案】to ease
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。根据语意可知,此处说明“做些事情”的目的是“缓解这个问题”,应用ease的动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to ease。
57.Something that is (depress) makes you feel sad and disappointed.
【答案】depressing
【详解】考查形容词。句意:令人沮丧的事情会让你感到悲伤和失望。分析句子可知,所给词 “depress”是动词,意为“使沮丧”。句中需要一个形容词作表语,修饰“something”(指物)。“depressing”是形容词,意为“令人沮丧的”,用于描述事物的性质,符合语境“令人沮丧的事情会让你感到悲伤和失望”。而“depressed”也是形容词,但通常用于描述人的感受(“感到沮丧的”),此处不适用。故填depressing。
58.You can rely on Tom to help you out, because he is a (rely) person.
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你可以指望汤姆帮你摆脱困境,因为他是一个可靠的人。设空处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词person,表示“可靠的”应用reliable。故填reliable。
59.Science means (system) knowledge possessed as a result of practice and study.
【答案】systematic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:科学是指通过实践和学习所获得的系统知识。此处修饰名词“knowledge”,需用形容词作定语,system是名词,意为“系统”,其形容词形式是systematic,意为“系统的”,符合语境。故填systematic。
60.This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never (normal) consider buying.
【答案】normally
【详解】考查副词。句意:这个极具吸引力的价格鼓励我尝试许多过去通常绝不会考虑购买的书籍。所填词作状语修饰动词consider,要用副词形式。normal是形容词,对应的副词要在词尾加-ly。故填normally。
61.When the computer is stopped in this way, it can only be restarted by the (operate).
【答案】operator
【详解】考查名词。句意:当电脑以这种方式停止运行时,只能由操作人员重新启动它。此时需要一个表示人的名词作宾语。operate是动词,意为“操作”,其名词形式operator表示“操作员” 。结合语境可知,用单数形式operator。故填operator。
62.The number of students attending this course (increase) greatly so far.
【答案】has increased
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,参加这门课程的学生人数大大增加了。根据so far可知使用现在完成时,The number of...作主语时,谓语动词用单数,而a number of...后谓语动词用复数。故填has increased。
63.He has (write) five books since he graduated from college.
【答案】written
【详解】考查时态。句意:自从他大学毕业以来,他已经写了五本书。since he graduated from college(自从他大学毕业以来)表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的时间段,常与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”,结合空前has,空处应填write的过去分词written。故填written。
64.Prices have been rising (steady) in the past few years.
【答案】steadily
【详解】考查副词。句意:在过去的几年里,物价一直在稳步上涨。设空处修饰动词rising,应用副词作状语,故填steadily。
65.You can ask him about this question, for he is a (special) in this subject.
【答案】specialist
【详解】考查名词。句意:你可以问他这个问题,因为他是这方面的专家。空处应用名词作表语,special的名词形式为specialist“专家”,由a可知,应用单数形式,a specialist in...“……方面的专家”。故填specialist。
66.Whenever in trouble, religion gave him a sense of (secure).
【答案】security
【详解】考查名词。句意:每当遇到困难时,宗教会给他一种安全感。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语,secure的名词形式为security“安全”,a sense of security为固定短语,意为“安全感”。故填security。
67.Everyone has a physical (disable) more or less when they grow old.
【答案】disability
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个人在变老的时候或多或少都会有身体上的残疾。名词disability,表示“残疾;缺陷”,在本句中作has的宾语,符合语境。再根据a可知,用单数形式。故填disability。
68.The new bridge over the river is still under (construct).
【答案】construction
【详解】考查名词。句意:河上的新桥还在建造中,空处应填名词作介词under的宾语,under construction“在修建中”,故填construction。
69.The earlier the (treat) is given, the better the patient’s chances.
【答案】treatment
【详解】考查名词。句意:治疗进行得越早,病人康复的机会就越大。此空用于定冠词the之后,应填名词treatment作主语,表示“治疗、医治”,符合语境。故填treatment。
70.The old teacher has (teach) in this school for thirty years.
【答案】taught
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:这位老教师已经在这所学校教了三十年书。句中有助动词“has”,结合时间状语“for thirty years”(持续了三十年),可知此处需用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has + 动词的过去分词”,所给词“teach”为动词,意为“教”,其过去分词形式是“taught”,符合语境。故填taught。
71.The clock has (strike) twelve. It’s really time to leave now.
【答案】struck
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:钟已经敲了十二点了。现在真的该走了。根据语境和句子结构可知,此处为现在完成时,表示到目前为止已经完成或发生的动作,其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,空前已有助动词has,所以空处应用strike的过去分词形式。故填struck。
72.It’s time to go back home now, for the sun has (sink) in the west.
【答案】sunk
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:现在该回家了,因为太阳已经西沉了。设空处为谓语动词的一部分,根据句中助动词has可知,此处应用现在完成时,其结构为“has+过去分词”,sink的过去分词是sunk。故填sunk。
73.These (shelf) are not enough for the books you’ve collected.
【答案】shelves
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:这些书架对于你收集的书来说不够用。此处为名词作主语,根据空前的“These”可知,此处需要用可数名词的复数形式,shelf为可数名词,意为“书架”,其复数形式是shelves。故填shelves。
74.He still hasn’t (pay) me the money he borrowed two years ago.
【答案】paid
【详解】考查时态。句意:他还没有还我两年前借的钱。空处应填过去分词和前面的hasn’t构成现在完成时,故填paid。
75.And your speech on Irish literature and social development that day was really (impress).
【答案】impressive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你那天关于爱尔兰文学和社会发展的演讲令人印象深刻。空处应填形容词作表语,impressive“令人印象深刻的”,形容词,故填impressive。
76.In addition, I am also a good (photograph), which might be useful for some of the articles.
【答案】photographer
【详解】考查名词。句意:此外,我还是一名出色的摄影师,这或许能为一些文章提供帮助。作表语,表示“摄影师”用名词photographer,不定冠词提示用单数。故填photographer。
77.I think students should help their parents do housework at home, which can help them promote (emotion) communication among family.
【答案】emotional
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我认为学生应该在家帮助父母做家务,这有助于促进家庭成员之间的情感交流。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词communication,“情感的”是emotional。故填emotional。
78.At the same time, we should see that there are some problems caused by bicycle sharing, whose (manage) is not perfect.
【答案】management
【详解】考查名词。句意:同时,我们也应该注意到,自行车共享模式在运营方面存在一些问题,其管理尚不完善。结合空格前的whose,可知空格处作从句的主语,应用名词management,不可数。故填management。
79.For another, recycling textbooks can release the (finance) burden of society and individuals.
【答案】financial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:另一方面,回收利用教科书能够减轻社会和个人的经济负担。修饰名词burden,用形容词financial“财政的,金融的”,作定语。故填financial。
80.Hearing that Chinese Language (associate) is recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming Chinese students, I am gladly writing to apply for this job.
【答案】Association
【详解】考查名词。句意:得知中国语言协会正在招募一些志愿者来迎接即将到来的中国学生,我非常高兴地写信申请这份工作。空处应用名词,作主语;association为名词,表示“协会”,Chinese Language Association表示“中国语言协会”,为专有名词,首字母应用大写。故填Association。
81.The shop (assist) received me indifferently while leaning on a counter.
【答案】assistant
【详解】考查名词。句意:店员靠着柜台,冷淡地接待了我。空后为谓语动词received,所以此处需用名词作主语,所给词“assist”为动词,意为“帮助”,其名词形式是assistant,意为“助手;店员”,shop assistant意为“店员”,结合句意用单数。故填assistant。
82.After he was (official) pronounced the world's oldest man, he offered this simple formula for a long and happy life.
【答案】officially
【详解】考查副词。句意:在他被正式宣布为世界上最长寿的人之后,他提出了一个简单的长寿和幸福生活的公式。修饰动词pronounced,需用副词形式。故填officially。
83.At the same time, we should see that there are some problems caused by bicycle sharing. Its (manage) is not perfect.
【答案】management
【详解】考查名词。句意:同时,我们应该看到共享单车引发了一些问题。它的管理并不完善。名词management作主语。不可数名词。故填management。
84.Since 1748, Pompeii (dig) systematically from its silent resting place.
【答案】has been dug
【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:自1748年以来,庞贝古城就一直在其安静的安息之地被有计划地系统性挖掘。根据时间状语Since 1748可知,句子应使用现在完成时;主语Pompeii与动词dig之间是被动关系,故句子应用现在完成时的被动语态;主语Pompeii是单数,助动词应用has。故填has been dug。
85.By the end of June 2023, Stephen Curry (win) the NBA Championship four times.
【答案】had won
【详解】考查时态。句意:截至2023年6月底,斯蒂芬·库里的NBA总冠军头衔已累计获得四次。设空处作谓语,Stephen Curry作主语;由时间状语By the end of June 2023可知,本句表示动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时,故填had won。
86.Volunteers (class) and answer the questions raised by parents and post answers on their social media account.
【答案】classify
【详解】考查动词。句意:志愿者对家长提出的问题进行分类和回答,并在自己的社交媒体账户上发布答案。设空处与answer,post作并列谓语,应用提示词的动词形式classify“分类”,句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语为复数,故设空处应用动词原形。故填classify。
87.How could I (just) sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare.
【答案】justify
【详解】考查动词。句意:我怎么能证明坐在那里什么都不做是正当的呢?我们都是人类,我们都有责任照顾彼此的福祉。根据句意可知,此处需要一个动词,表达“为……找理由、证明…… 合理”的含义。所给词“just” 是副词,其对应的动词形式“justify”符合语义,且“could”后接动词原形,因此填“justify”。故填justify。
88.A dog that is afraid will lie on its back and close its eyes. The dog may show its teeth and (low) its body so that it is close to the ground.
【答案】lower
【详解】考查动词原形。句意:一只害怕的狗会躺在地上,闭上眼睛。狗可能会露出牙齿,放低身体,使其贴近地面。根据“may show its teeth and”可知,and连接并列的谓语动词,空处也应用动词原形,lower为low的动词,意为“降低”,符合题意。故填lower。
89.If each human being (strike) blind and deaf for a few days during his early adult life, I think it might be a piece of good fortune.
【答案】were stricken/were struck
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果每个人在成年早期都有几天失明或失聪,我想这可能是一件好事。strike与each human being是被动关系,所以用被动语态。If引导的虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词要用一般过去时,be 动词要用were。故填were stricken/struck。
90.Two (suspect) in connection with the case are now being interrogated(审讯).
【答案】suspects
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:与该案有关的两名嫌疑人目前正在接受审讯。本空作句子主语,由Two可知,应用名词suspect“嫌疑人”的复数形式。故填suspects。
91.Before birth, babies can tell the (differ) between loud sounds and voices.
【答案】difference
【详解】考查名词。句意:在出生前,婴儿就能辨别出响亮的声音和人声之间的区别。根据句意和空格前的动词tell可知,空格处应该用名词difference作宾语。故填difference。
92.While civilizations in the world differ one another in their length of history, none of them is superior to any other.
【答案】from
【详解】考查介词。句意:尽管世界上的各个文明在历史延续时间上各不相同,但它们之间并没有哪一种文明比其他文明更优越。differ from“与……不同”是固定搭配。故填from。
93.She left with the (remain) 20 dollars.
【答案】remaining
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她带着剩下的20美元离开了。本空修饰20 dollars,应用形容词remaining“剩余的”,作前置定语。故填remaining。
94.The survey shows that one in three marriages ends divoice.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:调查显示,三分之一的婚姻以离婚告终。end in是固定搭配,意为“以……告终”。故填in。
95.He said the lucky woman will (announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.
【答案】be announced
【详解】考查语态。句意:他说,这位幸运儿的身份将会在网站上公布,而此次旅行也将在网上进行分享。主语woman与谓语announce构成被动关系,结合will可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填be announced。
96.Without experience, you have no basis for any (predict).
【答案】prediction
【详解】考查名词。句意:没有经验,你就没有任何预测的依据。此处应用名词prediction,表示“预测”,作介词for的宾语。故填prediction。
97.The (continue) development of technology has greatly changed our daily lives in many aspects.
【答案】continuous
【详解】考查形容词。句意为:技术的持续发展在许多方面极大地改变了我们的日常生活。这里要用形容词continuous表示“持续不断的”,在句中作定语修饰development。故填continuous。
98.A computer does complicated (calculate) in a few seconds.
【答案】calculations
【详解】考查名词。句意:一台计算机在几秒钟内就能完成复杂的计算。作宾语,用名词calculation,使用名词复数表示泛指。故填calculations。
99.Anything you say may be used evidence against you.
【答案】as
【详解】考查介词。句意:你所说的任何话都可能被用作不利于你的证据。“be used as”是固定表达,意为“被用作……”,介词as意为“作为”,符合语境。故填as。
100.They’ve destroyed all the (evident).
【答案】evidence
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们已经销毁了所有的证据。设空处作destroy宾语,使用evident的名词evidence作宾语,意为“证据,根据”,为不可数名词。故填evidence。
考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.When you are finished typing, remember to save your (文档).
【答案】document
【详解】考查名词。句意:打完字后,记得保存文档。根据汉语提示“文档”可知,用名词document,此处为特指,用单数形式,作save的宾语。故填document。
2.He is one of the nation’s (最著名的) scientists.
【答案】premier
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他是该国最著名的科学家之一。根据汉语提示“最著名的”可知,此处为形容词premier,作前置定语,修饰名词scientists。故填premier。
3.The (准确性) of the weather forecast allowed us to plan the picnic perfectly.
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意:天气预报的准确性使我们能够完美地计划野餐。表示“准确性”使用名词accuracy,为不可数名词,作主语,故填accuracy。
4.We hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the (科学的) and scholarly study of emotion.
【答案】scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们希望这样的关注能激发人们对情感的科学和学术研究产生更大的兴趣。根据汉语提示“科学的”,用形容词scientific作定语。故填scientific。
5.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic (垃圾) , forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to singleuse plastic products.
【答案】garbage
【详解】考查名词。句意:他用塑料垃圾制作大型雕塑,迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。根据汉语提示“垃圾”,这里应填名词garbage,plastic garbage表示“塑料垃圾”,作介词of的宾语。故填garbage。
6.During the most (多产的) time in her career, she wrote five novels.
【答案】productive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在她职业生涯的最辉煌时期,她创作了五部小说。根据汉语提示可知用形容词最高级most productive,修饰名词time。故填productive。
7.Sport has become an important form of (娱乐) , appealing to both men and women.
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:体育运动已经成为一种重要的娱乐形式,对男女都有吸引力。空处作介词of的宾语,结合汉语提示可知,名词entertainment符合题意,此处表示娱乐的统称,为不可数名词。故填entertainment。
8.In a wired world with (持续不断的) global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
【答案】constant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在一个全球通信不断的有线世界里,我们都有能力看到天才的闪光,无论他们出现在哪里。名词communication前用形容词修饰。形容词“持续不断的”英文为constant。根据汉语提示及句意,故填constant。
9.It was generous of him to (捐献) a great deal of money to the poor.
【答案】donate
【详解】考查动词。句意:他慷慨大方,捐了一大笔钱给穷人。it be+adj.+ of sb to do sth.“某人做某事是……”是固定句型,it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语,故空处应填动词原形;结合汉语提示可知,动词donate符合题意。故填donate。
10.In China, packets of cigarettes come with a government health (警告) attached to them.
【答案】warning
【详解】考查名词。句意:在中国,香烟的包装盒上都附有政府的健康警示。空处作介词with的宾语,结合汉语提示可知,名词warning符合题意,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填warning。
11.To make a (投诉) you will need to go through the official channels.
【答案】complaint
【详解】考查名词。句意:要投诉,你需要通过官方渠道。空处作宾语,结合汉语提示可知,名词complaint符合题意,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填complaint。
12.The draft lists some specific measures to deal with such (事件).
【答案】incident
【详解】考查名词。句意:草案列出了一些处理此类事件的具体措施。根据汉语提示“事件”可知,此处为名词incident,结合空前的such可知,此处应用单数形式,作介词with的宾语。故填incident。
13.He went to the desk to (询问) and make a reservation.
【答案】inquire
【详解】考查动词。句意:他走到服务台询问并预订。根据汉语提示“询问”以及空格前的to可知,此处应填动词原形inquire,与后文“make a reservation”构成并列结构,共同作目的状语。故填inquire。
14.You look so good that there is no need to lose weight and be (惭愧的) of your body.
【答案】ashamed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你看起来很好,没有必要减肥,也没有必要为自己的身材感到羞愧。空处作表语,结合汉语提示可知,形容词ashamed符合题意,be ashamed of“对……感到羞愧”是固定搭配。故填ashamed。
15.We will prepare for our (离开) as soon as we get the approval.
【答案】departure
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们一获得批准,就会为出发做准备。空处作宾语,根据汉语提示可知,名词departure符合题意,抽象概念,不可数。故填departure。
16.The question of what we know and do not know constantly (使苦恼) me.
【答案】bothered
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们知道什么和不知道什么的问题一直困扰着我。空处作主句谓语动词,结合汉语提示可知,动词bother符合题意,句子陈述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填bothered。
17.IP addresses are the unique sequence of numbers (分配) to each computer, websites or other Internet-connected devices.
【答案】assigned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:IP地址是分配给每台计算机、网站或其他联网设备的唯一数字序列。根据汉语提示“分配”,此处应用动词assign。numbers与assign之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词assigned作定语。故填assigned。
18.To (协商) for more pay has always been what we expect.
【答案】negotiate
【详解】考查动词。句意:谈判加薪一直是我们的期望。空处应填动词原形和to构成不定式,作主语,结合汉语提示可知,动词negotiate符合题意。故填negotiate。
19.The noises from the square are always (干扰,打扰) our night life.
【答案】disturbing
【详解】考查动词。句意:广场上的噪音总是会干扰我们的夜间生活。根据汉语提示可知用动词disturb,结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填disturbing。
20.It is the first time that I have ignored my son’s (请求)。
【答案】request
【详解】考查名词。句意:这是我第一次忽略儿子的请求。“ignore one’s + 名词”表示“忽略某人的……”,此处需填“请求”的名词形式。“request”作为名词时,既可表示具体的请求(可数),也可表示抽象概念(不可数),此处 “儿子的请求” 为具体行为,用单数形式。故填request。
21.Such a great contribution did Yuan Longping make that he was awarded the Medal of the (共和国).
【答案】Republic
【详解】考查名词。句意:袁隆平做出了如此巨大的贡献,被授予共和国勋章。根据汉语提示“共和国”以及上文the Medal of the可知,此处应填名词Republic,构成专有名词the Medal of the Republic“共和国勋章”,首字母大写。故填Republic。
22.I tried to drag myself out of the morass (困境) of (绝望).
【答案】despair
【详解】考查名词。句意:我试图将自己从绝望的泥沼中拽出来。汉语提示“绝望”对应英文名词“despair”,指极度沮丧、失去希望的状态。“of +名词”结构中,“despair”为不可数名词。故填despair。
23.If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to (查明) what is below the water surface.
【答案】investigate
【详解】考查动词。句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,一定要查明水面下有什么。根据汉语提示“查明”可知,应填动词investigate,且上文为短语be sure to do sth.,应填动词原形。故填investigate。
24.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per (一家人) in 1992 to 13 in 2007.
【答案】household
【详解】考查名词。句意:每户家庭拥有的电子设备平均数从1992年的4台上升到了2007年的13台。空处需要填入一个名词作介词per的宾语,根据汉语提示词,表示“一家人”可使用英文可数名词household,又因其在per(意为“每,每一”)后,应使用单数形式。故填household。
25.That is the only French (成语,习语) I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
【答案】idiom
【详解】考查名词。句意:那是我掌握的唯一一句法语习语,可惜我不怎么用得上。汉语提示 “成语,习语” 对应英文名词 “idiom”,指某一语言中独特的固定表达或短语。空格前“the only” 提示用单数形式。故填idiom。
26.We are still in (分歧,争论) about the English speech contest.
【答案】disagreement
【详解】考查名词。句意:关于英语演讲比赛,我们仍然存在分歧。根据汉语提示“分歧,争论”可知,本空用名词disagreement,作in的宾语。故填disagreement。
27.The distribution center where he works receives thousands of (包裹) every day.
【答案】parcels
【详解】考查名词。句意:他工作的配送中心每天收到数千个包裹。根据汉语提示“包裹”可知,本空用名词parcel,由thousands of可知,此处用名词复数形式,作receives的宾语。故填parcels。
28.He was an (孤儿) and lived with his uncle.
【答案】orphan
【详解】考查名词。句意:他是个孤儿,和叔叔住在一起。根据汉语提示“孤儿”以及上文an可知,此处应填名词单数orphan作表语。故填orphan。
29.The incident (表明) the need for better security measures.
【答案】illustrates
【详解】考查动词。句意:这一事件表明需要采取更好的安全措施。根据汉语提示可知,空格处应该用动词illustrate作谓语,句子描述客观情况,用一般现在时;主语是单数形式,谓语动词用三单形式。故填illustrates。
30.The last five years have seen a consistent (改善) in the country’s economy.
【答案】improvement
【详解】考查名词。句意:过去五年来,这个国家的经济持续改善。空格处需要填名词作宾语,结合汉语提示可知,此处为名词improvement“改善”,为可数名词,根据空前的“a consistent”可知,此处应用单数形式。故填improvement。
31.I struggled through the (一群) of people to the exit.
【答案】mass
【详解】考查名词。句意:我挣扎着穿过人群来到出口。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词mass“一群”作宾语,满足句意要求。故填mass。
32.I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to (沸腾).
【答案】boil
【详解】考查动词。句意:我站在厨房里,等着水沸腾。根据汉语提示“沸腾”可知,空格处涉及单词“boil”,意为“沸腾”,动词词性,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填boil。
33.Further treatment will (阻止) cancer from developing.
【答案】prevent
【详解】考查动词。句意:进一步的治疗将阻止癌症的发展。“阻止”为动词prevent,由will可知,应用动词原形,故填prevent。
34.It is a (巧合) that you and I were born on the same day.
【答案】coincidence
【详解】考查名词。句意:你和我出生在同一天,这是一个巧合。根据汉语提示“巧合”以及上文a可知,此处应填可数名词单数coincidence作表语。故填coincidence。
35.Can you give me a (线索)? Just a little one.
【答案】clue
【详解】考查名词。句意:你能给我一个线索吗?只是一个小线索。根据汉语提示“线索”可知,空格处涉及单词“clue”,意为“线索”,为可数名词,不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,作宾语。故填clue。
36.Far away from each other, the two sisters (通信) every week.
【答案】correspond
【详解】考查动词。句意:这两姐妹虽然相距遥远,但每周都通信。空处作谓语,“通信”应用动词correspond,结合“every week”可知,时态应用一般现在时,描述通常发生的行为,主语the two sisters为复数,correspond应保持原形。故填correspond。
37.The two countries signed an agreement to jointly launch (卫星).
【答案】satellites
【详解】考查名词。句意:两国签署协议联合发射卫星。“卫星”应用名词satellite,作launch的宾语,且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语,可数名词satellite应用复数形式,表泛指。故填satellites。
38.His (提议) that these tickets should be available for one month is quite acceptable.
【答案】proposal
【详解】考查名词。句意:他提出的这些票的有效期为一个月的建议是可以接受的。根据汉语提示“提议”可知,应填名词proposal,作主语,此处为特指,应用单数形式。故填proposal。
39.After class we talked a lot and became (立刻的) friends.
【答案】instant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:下课后我们聊了很多,很快就成了朋友。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词friends,“立刻的”的形容词是instant,故填instant。
40.Speech is the fastest method of (交流, 交际)between people.
【答案】communication
【详解】考查名词。句意:言语是人们之间交流的最快方式。根据汉语提示“交流,交际”以及句子结构可知,此处应用名词communication,of为介词,后跟名词作宾语,communication为不可数名词,故填communication。
41.His (发明) was clever, but not practical.
【答案】invention
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的发明很聪明,但不实用。空处作主语,“发明”应用名词invention,且系动词是was,invention应用单数形式。故填invention。
42.We (结束) our meeting at 9 o’clock yesterday evening.
【答案】concluded
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们昨天晚上 9 点结束了会议。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“结束”可用conclude,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且由at 9 o’clock yesterday evening可知,这里时态应用一般过去时。故填concluded。
43.She gave (不真实的) information to the insurance company.
【答案】false
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她向保险公司提供了虚假信息。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处表示“不真实的”为形容词false,作定语修饰information,满足句意要求。故填false。
44.All the articles are (要求) to be related to the students’ life.
【答案】requested
【详解】考查动词。句意:所有文章都被要求与学生生活相关。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“要求”应用request,为动词,且这里应用过去分词形式,与前面are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填requested。
45.As a (士兵), he showed selfless devotion to duty.
【答案】soldier
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为一名军人,他表现出无私的奉献精神。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处表示“士兵”为名词soldier,作宾语,满足句意要求。故填soldier。
46.The world would be watching to see how Africa’s leaders would (反应).
【答案】respond
【详解】考查时态。句意:全世界都在关注非洲领导人将如何应对。would是情态动词,空格处用动词原形,“反应”的动词是respond,句子是过去将来时,故填respond。
47.I made the choice to (退学) from college to care for my grandma.
【答案】withdraw
【详解】考查动词。句意:我选择从大学退学来照顾我的奶奶。根据汉语提示“退学”,以及上文made the choice to可知,此处应填动词原形,构成不定式作后置定语,修饰choice。动词withdraw意为“退出;退学”,符合语境。故填withdraw。
48.Those (逮捕) have been charged with public order offences.
【答案】arrested
【详解】考查动词。句意:那些被捕者已被指控犯有扰乱公共秩序罪。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“逮捕”应用arrest,为动词,在这里作非谓语,主语Those和arrest为被动关系,再由语境可知,此空应用过去分词作后置定语。故填arrested。
49.At first the new surroundings were difficult for me to (容忍) .
【答案】tolerate
【详解】考查动词。句意:起初,新环境对我来说难以容忍。根据汉语提示“容忍”和前文to可知,此处使用动词tolerate,使用动词原形形式与to构成动词不定式结构。故填tolerate。
50.The lawyer's advice led to the (解决) of this difficult problem.
【答案】resolution
【详解】考查名词。句意:律师的建议导致了这个难题的解决。根据汉语提示“解决”以及空前的定冠词the可知,此处应填名词resolution,作led to(导致)的宾语。故填resolution。
51.The young man lack self-confidence and (成熟, 老炼), feeling childish.
【答案】maturity
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个年轻人缺乏自信和成熟,感觉很幼稚。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词maturity“成熟”为不可数名词,作宾语,满足句意要求。故填maturity。
52.Drunk driving, which was once a (经常的) occurrence, is now under control.
【答案】frequent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:酒后驾驶曾经很常见,现在已得到控制。“经常的”使用形容词frequent,作定语修饰名词occurrence,符合题意。故填frequent。
53.In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong (关系,纽带) between two people.
【答案】bond
【详解】考查名词。句意:在一些文化中,友谊意味着两个人之间牢固的终身关系。“关系,纽带”使用名词bond,根据a可知用单数形式,作means的宾语。故填bond。
54. (继续做) with the test; continue with the next section.
【答案】Proceed
【详解】考查动词。句意:继续测试,继续下一部分。根据汉语提示“继续做”可知,此处可用动词proceed;本句为祈使句,所以空处应填动词原形,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Proceed。
55.Does the college (食堂) provide a healthful diet?
【答案】cafeteria
【详解】考查名词。句意:这所大学的食堂提供健康的饮食吗?此处为名词作主语,根据汉语提示“食堂”可知,应为名词cafeteria,college cafeteria表示“大学食堂”,由助动词“Does”可知,主语为单数形式。故填cafeteria。
56.To encourage students to exercise, the school has set up a new (体育场;运动场).
【答案】stadium
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了鼓励学生锻炼身体,学校建了一个新的体育馆。“体育场;运动场”应用名词stadium,作set up的宾语,且空前有不定冠词a,stadium应用单数形式。故填stadium。
57.If your sibling (兄弟;姐妹)continues making unwise choices, a formal (干预)by family members may be necessary.
【答案】intervention
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果你的兄弟姐妹继续做出不明智的选择,家庭成员的正式干预可能是必要的。空处作主句主语,结合汉语提示可知,名词intervention符合题意,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填intervention。
58.They spend their money on things like rent and (食品杂货).
【答案】groceries
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们把钱花在房租和食品杂货之类的东西上。“食品杂货”英文为grocery,通常使用其复数形式groceries,表泛指,作介词like的宾语。故填groceries。
59.It is no use crying over the s milk.
【答案】split/plit
【详解】考查非谓语动词词。句意:覆水难收。根据首字母提示及固定搭配,此处为split,表示“泼洒,分裂”,此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词milk,两者之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式split;It is no use crying over the split milk为固定谚语,意为“覆水难收”,符合句意。故填split。
60.Now that c (冲突) have come up, we need to think about how to resolve them quickly.
【答案】conflicts/onflicts
【详解】考查名词。句意:既然冲突已经出现,我们需要考虑如何快速解决它们。此处为名词作主语,根据汉语提示“冲突”及首字母“c”可知,应为名词conflict,结合句中谓语动词“have come up”可知,此处应为conflict的复数conflicts。故填conflicts。
二、单句语法填空50题
1.Recently a man-made satellite we launched (recover).
【答案】has been recovered
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:最近我们发射的一颗人造卫星已经回收了。句首有时间状语Recently,表示动作发生在过去且与现在相关,需用现在完成时,主语a man-made satellite为单数形式,与动词recover构成被动关系,故需用被动语态,结合两者,应使用现在完成时的被动语态,助动词用has。故填has been recovered。
2.So far, the three big crises (overcome) by the teenager and he is very strong now
【答案】have been overcome
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,这个少年已经克服了三大危机,他现在非常坚强。so far(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志,且crises(危机,复数)与overcome(克服)是被动关系,即危机被克服,所以要用现在完成时的被动语态have been overcome。故填have been overcome。
3.It was an incredible display of motherly love and (forgive).
【答案】forgiveness
【详解】考查名词。句意:这是一场令人难以置信的母爱和宽容的展现。and连接名词短语motherly love和空格处,可知空里要填名词。forgive的名词是forgiveness“宽容”。故填forgiveness。
4.Early exposure to multilingual environments is cognitively (benefit) for children’s neural development, enhancing problem-solving abilities and cultural adaptability.
【答案】beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:早期接触多语言环境对儿童的神经发育具有认知上的积极影响,能提升其解决问题的能力和文化适应能力。空处作表语,应用benefit的形容词形式beneficial,意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。
5.The (participate)are required to perform English programmes in 10 minutes.
【答案】participants
【详解】考查名词。句意:参与者被要求在十分钟内表演英语节目。空在句首作主语,要将动词participate变为名词participants (参与者)。be动词是are,名词要变为复数形式。故填participants。
6.Emerson was a (gift) writer and put many of his thoughts down on paper so people can still read them today.
【答案】gifted
【详解】考查形容词。句意:爱默生是一位有天赋的作家,他把自己的许多想法写在纸上,所以今天人们仍然可以读到。此处修饰名词“writer”,需用形容词作定语,gift是名词,意为“天赋”,其形容词形式gifted意为“有天赋的”,符合语境。故填gifted。
7.The woman hugged her daughter (firm) for fear that she would lose her again.
【答案】firmly
【详解】考查副词。句意:这位妇女紧紧地拥抱着自己的女儿,因为她生怕再次失去她。空格处修饰句中的动词hugged作状语,应该用副词firmly。故填firmly。
8.At that time, an unusual sign from the (murder) couple arrested the detective’s attention
【答案】murdered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当时,这对被谋杀的夫妇身上一个不寻常的迹象引起了侦探的注意。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词“couple”,murder是动词,意为“谋杀”,与couple之间为被动关系,所以此处使用其过去分词murdered。故填murdered。
9.Last week, my name tags (标牌) (sew) into the collar of my shirts by my mother.
【答案】were sewed/were sewn
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:上周,我妈妈把我的姓名牌缝在了我的衬衫领子上。根据时间状语“Last week”可知,此处为一般过去时,主语“my name tags”与动词“sew”之间是被动关系,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,主语是复数,be动词用“were”;“sew”的过去分词有两种形式,即“sewed”和“sewn”。故填were sewed/ sewn。
10.Use apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can (tie) to your identity.
【答案】be tied
【详解】考查情态动词的被动语态。句意:使用FaceTime或WhatsApp这样的应用程序,它们可以与你的身份绑定。which can______to your identity是which引导的非限制性定语从句,which替代先行词 FaceTime or WhatsApp,和tie为被动关系,需用被动语态,情态动词can后面需加动词原形。故填be tied。
11.With so many things (bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical advice.
【答案】bothering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有这么多事情烦我,我希望你能给我一些实用的建议。句中构成with的复合结构,bother与其逻辑主语so many things之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填bothering。
12.If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers (occasional) laugh at his unusual methods.
【答案】occasionally
【详解】考查副词。句意:如果他似乎有点戒备,那可能是因为就连他的一些同事偶尔嘲笑他那些与众不同的做法。所填词作状语修饰动词laugh,要用副词,occasional的副词为occasionally,意为“偶尔”符合句意。故填occasionally。
13.Many people experience difficulty in paying off their (debt).
【答案】debts
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:许多人会遇到难以偿还债务的问题。根据上文Many people可知数量大于一,debt应用复数形式。故填debts。
14.The windows didn’t fit at the bottom, so for a while we (freeze) even in the middle of summer.
【答案】froze
【详解】考查时态。句意:窗户底部不合缝,所以有段时间即使盛夏时节我们也冻得瑟瑟发抖。由didn’t可知,句子时态是一般过去时,空格处用过去式froze,故填froze。
15.To her (amaze), she found that nearly all the neighbors came.
【答案】amazement
【详解】考查名词。句意:令她惊讶的是,她发现几乎所有的邻居都来了。作宾语,构成to one's amazement表示“令某人惊讶的是”。故填amazement。
16.He studied hard, and in (consequent)he passed the exam.
【答案】consequence
【详解】考查名词。句意:他学习很努力,结果他通过了考试。空处应用名词,作宾语;consequence为名词,表示“结果、后果”,介词短语in consequence表示“因此、结果”,符合句意。故填consequence。
17.That (encourage) helped me to get through the language barrier.
【答案】encouragement
【详解】考查名词。句意:那句鼓励的话语帮助我克服了语言障碍。此处为名词作主语,encourage为动词,意为“鼓励”,其名词形式是encouragement,意为“鼓励;激励”,符合语境。故填encouragement。
18.In 1975, grizzlies (list) under the Endangered Species Act.
【答案】were listed
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:1975年,灰熊被列入了《濒危物种法案》的保护范围。主语grizzlies与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文In 1975可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填were listed。
19.Because I (inspire) by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond.
【答案】was inspired
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:因为我被这迷人的景色所激励,所以我决定用水彩画下公园池塘上的那座小桥。分析句子可知,句中“because”引导原因状语从句,主语“I” 与谓语动词“inspire”之间是被动关系,即“我被激励”,因此需用被动语态(be + 过去分词)。结合主句的一般过去时(“decided”),从句也应用一般过去时,主语是“I”,be动词用 “was”,“inspire”的过去分词是“inspired”。故填was inspired。
20.There is an (evaluate) period for students at the end of each semester.
【答案】evaluation
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个学期末都有一个针对学生的评估期。空格前有不定冠词an,空格后接名词,因此需要将动词evaluate(评价)转换为名词形式evaluation(评价、评估)作定语。an evaluation period 表示 “一个评估阶段”。故填evaluation。
21. (addition), you can get a participant list and some meeting information.
【答案】Additionally
【详解】考查副词。此外,您还可以获得参与者列表和一些会议信息。副词additionally修饰整句。句首单词首字母大写,故填Additionally。
22.As they (attract) to the old town, they decided to stay a little longer.
【答案】were attracted
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:由于他们被这个古镇所吸引,他们决定多待一会儿。根据句子结构可知,此处是原因状语从句,主句谓语动词decided使用了一般过去时,从句也需使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作;attract与主语they之间是被动关系,表示“他们被吸引”,需使用被动语态be done的形式,主语they是复数,be动词需使用were。故填were attracted。
23.This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well (preserve) for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park.
【答案】preserved
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:这片地区拥有独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园得到妥善保护,供全国人民欣赏。根据空前must be可知,主语This area与动词preserve之间是被动关系,此处需用被动语态,所以空处应填过去分词preserved。故填preserved。
24.We can, instead, use this idea to advance (science) knowledge.
【答案】scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:相反,我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。此处为形容词作定语,修饰名词knowledge,应使用science的形容词形式scientific,意为“科学的”,scientific knowledge表示“科学知识”,符合语境。故填scientific。
25.It is said that large quantities of milk (pour) into the river this morning.
【答案】were poured
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:据说今天早上大量的牛奶被倒进了河里。“large quantities of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于quantity的形式,这里quantity是复数形式quantities,所以谓语动词用复数。又因为牛奶是“被倒进”河里,应用被动语态,且根据时间状语this morning可知事情发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态were poured。故填were poured。
26.It’s a (theory) possibility, but I don’t think it will really happen.
【答案】theoretical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这是一种理论上的可能性,但我认为它不会真的发生。空处修饰名词possibility,应填形容词theoretical“理论上的”作定语,故填theoretical。
27.Many houses were (sweep) away in the flood last year.
【答案】swept
【详解】考查语态。句意:去年的那场洪水中,许多房屋被冲走了。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文were可知为一般过去时的被动语态,故填swept。
28.You should make a friend who will share your joys and (sorrow).
【答案】sorrows
【详解】考查名词。句意:你应该交一个与你同甘共苦的朋友。空处和joys并列作宾语,也应用名词复数形式,固定短语share joys and sorrows意为“同甘共苦”。故填sorrows。
29.When the teacher pointed out his mistake, he (hang) his head.
【答案】hung
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:当老师指出他的错误时,他低下了头。句子描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,hang“垂下,低垂”的过去式为hung,hang one’s head为固定短语,意为“低下头”。故填hung。
30.During the war, many people (flee) the country and never returned.
【答案】fled
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:战争期间,许多人逃离了这个国家,再也没有回来。空处和returned并列,作谓语,句子时态为一般过去时,因此用flee“逃离”的过去式fled。故填fled。
31.They were preparing for the (entertain) of the guests.
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们正在准备招待客人。作介词的宾语,用名词entertainment,故填entertainment。
32.I bought three (dozen) eggs in the supermarket.
【答案】dozen
【详解】考查数词。句意:我在超市买了三打鸡蛋。dozen表示“打”,前面有具体数字three修饰,应用单数形式。故填dozen。
33.The trees were (bathe) in golden autumn sunshine.
【答案】bathed
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:树木沐浴在金色的秋日阳光中。主语“trees”与动词“bathe”之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式与were构成一般过去时的被动语态,bathe的过去分词是bathed,意为“被沐浴”,符合语境。故填bathed。
34.Don’t doubt the (accurate) of these figures.
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意:不要怀疑这些数字的准确性。空处应填名词作宾语,故填accuracy。
35.A (warn) message will be given as soon as there is any danger.
【答案】warning
【详解】考查形容词。句意:一旦有任何危险,就会发出警告信息。根据空后名词message可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;warn的形容词形式为warning,意为“警告的”。故填warning。
36.It was (freeze) cold, and two men were (freeze) to death.
【答案】 freezing frozen
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:天气冷得刺骨,有两个人被冻死了。freezing cold表示“极冷的”,描述天气的寒冷程度。所以第一空填freezing。 be frozen to death是固定短语,意为“被冻死”,frozen是freeze的过去分词形式,这里是被动语态,所以第二空填frozen。 故填freezing;frozen。
37.He was (choose) to be monitor of our class.
【答案】chosen
【详解】考查被动语态。句意:他被选为我们班的班长。主语He与动词choose之间是被动关系,且句中已有be动词was,构成一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was + 过去分词”,空处应填choose的过去分词chosen。故填chosen。
38.I’m (shame) that I could not answer your question.
【答案】ashamed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我很惭愧不能回答你的问题。根据前文I’m可知,使用形容词ashamed作表语,意为“感到羞愧的”。故填ashamed。
39.During these years, I gradually gained a lot of confidence from your company and (encourage).
【答案】encouragement
【详解】考查名词。句意:这些年来,我从您的陪伴和鼓励中逐渐获得了很多信心。设空处为名词作宾语,表示“鼓励”,故填encouragement。
40.The most important reason is that it serves as reminder that I should do something to show my (appreciate) of my grandparents’love for me.
【答案】appreciation
【详解】考查名词。句意:最重要的原因是,它提醒我,我应该做些什么来表达我对祖父母对我的爱的感激之情。空处需填名词作宾语,appreciate的名词形式是appreciation,意为“感激,欣赏”,为不可数名词。故填appreciation。
41. (specific), I’d like to know what subjects we will learn and the way we will be taught.
【答案】Specifically
【详解】考查副词。句意:具体来说,我想知道我们将学习什么课程,以及我们将如何教学。空处作状语修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,首字母应大写,故填Specifically。
42.Alex jumped up so (violent) that he overturned his glass of wine.
【答案】violently
【详解】考查副词。句意:亚历克斯猛地跳起来,把酒杯打翻了。空处修饰动词jumped,应用副词violently作状语,表示“猛烈地”。故填violently。
43.You mentioned that you felt anxious on account of the fact that you (confuse) by British and American English.
【答案】were confused
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:你提到你因为被英式英语和美式英语弄糊涂而感到焦虑。由主句You mentioned可知,句子讲述的是过去的事情,所以从句应用过去时态。confuse与主语you之间是被动关系,即“你被弄糊涂”,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were + 过去分词。主语是you,be动词用were,confuse的过去分词为confused。故填were confused。
44.Right now, the most important thing is to take good care of yourself so that you can make a full (recover).
【答案】recovery
【详解】考查名词。句意:现在,最重要的是要照顾好自己,这样你才能完全康复。full是形容词,修饰名词,recover的名词是recovery,意为“恢复”,空前有a,空格处用单数。故填recovery。
45.To me, I can almost pay everything via a mobile phone, such as transportation, food and (entertain).
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:对我来说,我几乎可以通过手机支付一切,比如交通、餐饮和娱乐。空格处用名词作宾语,entertain的名词是entertainment,是不可数名词,意为“娱乐”。故填entertainment。
46.Being a bad-tempered man, the minister would not tolerate having his lectures (interrupt).
【答案】interrupted
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:作为一个脾气暴躁的人,这位部长无法容忍自己的演讲被打断。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语lectures与interrupt之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,因此应用过去分词作宾补。故填interrupted。
47.We can use a smile to (apology), to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
【答案】apologize/apologise
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候别人、寻求帮助或开始对话。位于动词不定式符号to后,本空用apology的动词形式apologize或apologise“道歉”。故填apologize或apologise。
48.The atmosphere here in the stadium is really (electricity).
【答案】electric
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个体育场里的气氛真是令人激动。设空处应填形容词作表语,再结合句意“令人激动的;充满活力的”是electric,electricity的形容词形式为electric。故填electric。
49.Though the team met unexpected difficulties, they (deal) with the situation calmly by analyzing data and communicating effectively.
【答案】dealt
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:尽管团队遇到了意想不到的困难,但他们通过分析数据和有效沟通,冷静地应对了这种情况。根据前半句“met”可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,deal的过去式为dealt ,在句中作谓语。故填dealt。
50.You should clean your room regularly. (additional), don’t forget to organize your desk.
【答案】Additionally
【详解】考查副词。句意:你应该定期打扫你的房间。此外,别忘了整理你的书桌。additional是形容词,意为“额外的”,这里需要一个副词作状语,修饰整个句子,additionally意为“此外” 符合语境。故填Additionally。
题型一 阅读理解
1
(2025·北京市海淀区·二模)When I arrived at the Sign Language Center in Manhattan for my first American Sign Language (ASL) class, a man took one look at my hesitant posture and held up some fingers. One? Two? I put up one finger, and he directed me to the Level 1 class. It was disorienting: Class time was strictly “voices off” to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.
Learning ASL in the early weeks was a culture shock and a bruise to my ego. As a writer, I pride myself on a certain facility with language. I was taught that there’s a perfect combination of words that can most precisely communicate any thought. With ASL, I expected to feel similarly, and thought fluency would come once I collected a critical mass of signs. The first thing you learn in ASL class is the alphabet. As my classmates and I asked and answered questions using words we didn’t have the signs for, those early weeks were filled with laborious spelling. It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.
Over time, I picked up on new conventions, like waving a hand or stomping on the ground to get someone’s attention. My fingers stalled as they reached for new shapes, and I struggled to differentiate very similar looking signs. Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word “desperate”. “ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,” he told me. “If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,” he added — it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.
I’ve been attending ASL classes for almost two years. Initially, my reason was trivial: a childhood fascination with “secret languages”. While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.
24.How did the author feel in the first ASL class?
A.Frustrated. B.Confused. C.Anxious. D.Hesitant.
25.What made the author embarrassed when learning the alphabet?
A.Putting on smiling facial expressions. B.Being made fun of in front of the class.
C.Waving a hand to get someone’s attention. D.Misspelling and respelling words repeatedly.
26.According to the passage, what can we learn about ASL?
A.It’s a universal language system across cultures. B.It conveys more emotions than verbal language.
C.It requires a combination of signs and emotions. D.It has a direct translation of signs for every word.
27.What has the author learned from her learning experience?
A.The body is what gives language life. B.Diction is what gives language flavour.
C.Fluency comes from the mastery of signs. D.ASL prioritizes precision over communication.
【答案】24.B 25.D 26.C 27.A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在纽约曼哈顿的手语中心学习美国手语的经历,以及在这个过程中对语言和沟通方式的新认识。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was disorienting: Class time was strictly ‘voices off’ to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.(这让人感到困惑:课堂时间严格要求“禁止说话”,以鼓励沉浸式学习并尊重聋人教师。没有说话的能力,我的同学们和我所能做的只是微笑和点头,同时吸收新词汇)”可知,作者在第一堂课上感到困惑。故选B项。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.(这很尴尬:看到十几张礼貌地微笑的脸看着我,我慢慢地拼写、拼错并重新拼写单词——通常多次——这本身就是一种折磨)”可知,作者在学习字母表时,因为反复拼错和重新拼写单词而感到尴尬。故选D项。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word ‘desperate’. ‘ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,’ he told me. ‘If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,’ he added— it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.(最终我意识到,当你用手语交流时,措词不如你如何体现你所传达的内容重要。我曾问一位老师如何用手语表达‘绝望’。‘ASL并没有每个英语单词的直接翻译,’他告诉我。‘如果你想用手语表达‘绝望’,你可能只需要用手语表达‘想要’,但要通过适当的面部和身体姿势来表达你的绝望。如果你的脸上一点也没有表现出沮丧,那么用手语表达‘沮丧’是没有意义的,’他补充说——这就像用单调的语调说话,却声称你很生气)”可知,ASL需要结合手势和情感来传达信息。故选C项。
27.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.(尽管ASL可能并不完全与英语共享词汇,但这并不意味着它缺乏精确性。我学到的是,它的精确性在于肢体语言)”可知,作者从学习经历中学到的是,肢体语言在手语中很重要,即身体是赋予语言生命的。故选A项。
2
(2025·北京市顺义区·一模)Imagine you’re driving down the highway and notice that you are running low on fuel. Your GPS shows 10 gas stations ahead on your route. Naturally, you want the cheapest option. Do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? You won’t double back, so you face a now-or-never choice. What strategy maximizes your chances of picking the cheapest station? Researchers have studied this “best-choice problem”, which suggests that humans tend to fall short of the optimal (最优的) strategy.
Amazingly, the optimal strategy results in the number-one pick being selected almost 37 percent of the time, and its success rate doesn’t depend on the number of candidates. Even with a billion options and a refusal to settle for second best, you could find your needle in a haystack (干草垛) more than a third of the time. The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first around 37 percent of the choices no matter what. Then pick the first option that is better than all the others you've encountered so far. (If you never find such an option, take the final one.)
Adding to the fun, mathematicians’ favorite little constant, e=2.7182... , rears its head in the solution. Also known as Euler’s number, e holds fame for cropping up all across the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-choice problem. In fact, those references to 37 percent in the optimal strategy and corresponding probability of success are actually 1/e, or about 0.368.The magic number comes from the tension between wanting to see enough samples to feel information of options and not wanting to wait too long in case the best pass you by. The proof argues that 1/e balances these forces.
The problem generates thousands of hits on the internet as mathematicians continue to study its many variants: What if you’re allowed to pick more than one option, and you win if any of your choices are the best? What if an opponent chose the ordering of the options to trick you? What if you don’t require the absolute best choice and would feel satisfied with second or third? Researchers study such when-to-stop scenarios (设想) in a branch of math called optimal stopping theory.
Research finds that people tend to stop their search too early. So applying the 37 percent rule could improve your decision-making, but be sure to double-check that your situation meets all the conditions: a known number of rankable options is being presented one at a time in any order, you want the best, and you can’t double back.
32.Why does the author mention the constant e in Paragraph 3?
A.Justify a comparison. B.Evaluate a statement.
C.Provide a theoretical basis. D.Propose a new solution.
33.Which situation most agrees with the strategy mentioned in the passage?
A.Evaluate every candidate. B.Skip some lunch specials.
C.Buy the latest reference book. D.Join the shortest checkout line.
34.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Why People Often Fail in Making the Best Decisions.
B.The Best Decision Depends on Your Math Ability.
C.How to Connect Optimal Strategy with the Magic e.
D.Elegant Math Problem Finds the Best Choices.
【答案】32.C 33.B 34.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“最佳选择问题”的最优策略,即37%法则,以及该策略背后的数学原理和应用条件。
32.推理判断题。根据第三段“Also known as Euler’s number, e holds fame for cropping up all across the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-choice problem. In fact, those references to 37 percent in the optimal strategy and corresponding probability of success are actually 1/e, or about 0.368. (e也被称为欧拉数,它在数学领域以出现在看似无关的环境中而闻名,包括在最佳选择问题中。事实上,最优策略中提到的37%和相应的成功概率实际上是1/e,即约0.368。)”可知,作者提到常数e是为了给“最佳选择问题”的最优策略提供一个理论基础,说明37%这个比例是如何得出的。故选C。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first around 37 percent of the choices no matter what. Then pick the first option that is better than all the others you've encountered so far. (获胜的策略很简单:无论如何,先拒绝前37%左右的选择。然后选择第一个比你到目前为止遇到的所有其他选择都更好的选项。)”可知,文章中提到的策略是先观察一部分选项,然后从中选择最好的,这与“跳过一些午餐特价菜,然后从中选择最满意的”这一情境最为相似,即都涉及到先跳过一部分选项再做选择。故选B。
34.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了“最佳选择问题”的最优策略,即37%法则,以及该策略背后的数学原理和应用条件。文章的重点在于介绍这个数学问题和它的解决方案,因此选项D“优雅的数学问题找到了最佳选择”最能概括文章的主旨,作为标题最合适。故选D。
题型二 语法填空
1
(2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模)On April 8, China launched a high-speed rail pet consignment (托运) service on selected Beijing-Shanghai routes. A cat was the first pet to “travel” on the train.
After professional testing, the service 1 (operate) on ten routes between five stations, mainly in East China. Pet owners can book the service online in advance. Each person can transport one healthy domesticated cat or dog, provided it 2 (weigh) under 15kg and stands no taller than 40cm at the shoulder. 3 (ensure) safety during the journey, specially 4 (design) equipment will be used for separate pet transport.
【答案】1.will operate/is going to operate 2.weighs 3.To ensure 4.designed
【来源】2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国于4月8日在部分京沪线路上推出高铁宠物托运服务,说明了服务运营路线、托运宠物的要求及保障安全的措施。
1.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:经过专业测试,这项服务将在华东地区五个车站之间的十条线路上运营。operate(运营,运行)是谓语动词,根据时间状语“After professional testing”可推知,此处描述将来会发生的事情,用一般将来时态,可用will operate或is going to operate。故填will operate/is going to operate。
2.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:每人可以运输一只健康$$
第06讲 北师大版选择性必修全四册词汇练透
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇
考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇
考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇
考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.To prevent harmful habits from d (支配) a teenager’s life is essential.
【答案】dominating/ominating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:防止有害的习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。根据句意和中英文提示可知,空处应填动词dominate“支配”,且空处作介词from的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填dominating。
2.The latest (创新) in smartphone technology allows for faster charging.
【答案】innovation
【详解】考查名词。句意:智能手机技术的最新创新实现了更快的充电。根据汉语提示“创新”以及上文形容词最高级latest和后文is,可知应填名词innovation,空处作主语,此处表示单数概念。故填innovation。
3.Additionally, I am o (外向的) and friendly, which enables me to communicate with people easily and make the work in the club smooth.
【答案】outgoing/utgoing
【详解】考查形容词。句意:此外,我性格外向且友好,这使我能轻松与人沟通,让俱乐部的工作顺利进行。此处为形容词,在句中作表语,根据首字母“o”及汉语提示“外向的”,应为形容词outgoing,符合句意。故填outgoing。
4.Feeling abandoned and g (内疚的), I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.
【答案】guilty/uilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:感到被抛弃和内疚,我穿上运动鞋去呼吸点新鲜空气。此处为形容词,与abandoned(感到被抛弃的)并列作系动词Feeling的表语,根据首字母“g”及汉语提示“内疚的”,应为形容词guilty,符合句意。故填guilty。
5.She c (抱怨) about the noise from the construction site last night.
【答案】complained/omplained
【详解】考查动词。句意:她昨晚抱怨了建筑工地的噪音。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“抱怨”应用complain,在本句中作谓语,且由last night可知,这里时态应用一般过去时。故填complained。
6.With each space mission comes greater insight, thus (激发) us to continue along the same path of adventure.
【答案】motivating
【详解】考查动词。句意:每一次太空任务都带来了更深刻的见解,从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。分析句子结构可知,逗号后为非谓语动词短语作结果状语,表示一种自然而然的结果,所以用现在分词形式。故填motivating。
7.“That would be a very r thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
【答案】reasonable/easonable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:“在大城市里这么做倒是很合理,但对像我们这样的小村庄来说,这可能会造成毁灭性的影响。”尼克说道。该词作定语修饰名词thing,需要填形容词。根据单词首字母和句意“合理的”可知,形容词为reasonable。故填reasonable。
8.I recommend that you talk to your friend about his b .
【答案】behavior/ehavior/behaviour/ehaviour
【详解】考查名词。句意:我建议你和朋友谈谈他的行为。空处作宾语,结合句意和首字母提示可知,behavior/behaviour“行为”符合题意,此处为抽象概念,不可数。故填behavior/behaviour。
9.There is a r (定期,定时) bus service to the airport.
【答案】regular/egular
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有直达机场的定期公交线路。根据中英文提示可知用形容词regular,修饰名词service,作定语。故填regular。
10.Bernard felt (感激的) to all of them for what they had done for him.
【答案】grateful
【详解】考查形容词。句意:伯纳德对他们所有人为他所做的一切表示感激。根据汉语提示“感激的”可知,此处应为形容词grateful,在句中作表语。故填grateful。
11.Honesty is a basic p (法则;原则) that should never be compromised in any relationship.
【答案】principle/rinciple
【详解】考查名词。句意:诚实是一个基本原则,在任何关系中都不应该妥协。根据中英文提示可知,principle“法则;原则”,可数名词,由前面的a可知使用名词单数,作表语,故填principle。
12.The birds returned to their nests and continued to (孵化)the eggs.
【答案】incubate/hatch
【详解】考查动词。句意:鸟儿们回到巢中继续孵蛋。设空处位于不定式符号to后面,所以要用动词原形;根据汉语提示可知,要填incubate/hatch。故填incubate/hatch。
13.He (感染) malaria while he was traveling in India.
【答案】contracted
【详解】考查动词。句意:他在印度旅行时感染了疟疾。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“感染”应用contract,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。故填contracted。
14.I feel (内疚的) breaking my promise.
【答案】guilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我为违背诺言而感到内疚。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“内疚的”应用guilty,为形容词,在本句中作表语,符合语境。故填guilty。
15.The students return in September for the start of the new a (学业的) year.
【答案】academic/cademic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:学生们会在九月返校,开启新的学年。根据中英文提示可知用形容词academic,修饰名词year。故填academic。
16.Howard is on the school football team. He is a faithful and c (忠实的) member of the team.
【答案】committed/ommitted
【详解】考查形容词。句意:霍华德是学校足球队的一员。他是球队里忠诚可靠的一员。根据首字母c及汉语提示“忠实的”可知,本空用形容词committed,修饰名词member,作前置定语。故填committed。
17.They faced several strong o (对手) in the group stage matches.
【答案】opponents/pponents
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们在小组赛阶段遇到了几个强劲的对手。根据单词首字母和句意“对手”可知,此处应用名词opponent作宾语,several后应用复数。故填opponents。
18.His (任命) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting.
【答案】appointment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他被任命为公司总经理一事在会议上宣布了。his为形容词性物主代词,后接名词,appointment 作“任命” 讲时为不可数名词,作主语。故填appointment。
19.It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of (家具) inside the house.
【答案】furniture
【详解】考查名词。句意:搬动房子里所有的家具花了他很大的精力。介词of后接名词形式,名词“家具”英文为furniture,是不可数名词,作宾语。故填furniture。
20.Before submitting his final essay, he spent another hour p (修改;润色) the conclusion to make his argument clearer and more persuasive.
【答案】polishing/olishing
【详解】考查动词。句意:在提交最终论文之前,他又花了一个小时来润色结论部分,以使自己的论点更加清晰、更具说服力。根据中英文提示可知用动词polish,上文为短语spend time doing sth.,空处应用动名词作宾语。故填polishing。
21.My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we (拖着身体) ourselves down the mountain towards home.
【答案】dragged
【详解】考查动词。句意:当我们拖着身子下山回家时,我的肌肉酸痛,膝盖颤抖。根据句中时态可知,用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意可知,drag“拖”符合句意。故填dragged。
22.Yogurt is a good source of calcium (钙) for anymore, and especially good for people who have trouble d milk.
【答案】digesting/igesting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:酸奶是任何人的钙的良好来源,尤其是对那些消化牛奶有困难的人。根据a good source of calcium for anymore可知,此处指尤其对那些消化牛奶有困难的人来说,空处应用动词digest表示“消化”,have trouble (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”,所以此处应用动名词形式digesting作宾语。故填digesting。
23.About fifteen minutes a day for a week or two usually makes an (巨大的) difference.
【答案】enormous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:每天15分钟,坚持一两个星期,通常会有很大的不同。名词difference前用形容词修饰。形容词“巨大的”英文为enormous。故填enormous。
24.He has always wanted to be a like her father, who worked for a local newspaper before retirement.
【答案】ambitious/mbitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他一直想成为像她父亲那样有抱负的人,她父亲退休前在一家当地报纸工作。空处用于to be之后,使用形容词,与be构成系表结构,结合首字母提示以及句中worked for a local newspaper before retirement可知,此处表示像她的父亲一样有抱负的人,使用形容词ambitious,表示“有抱负的”,符合题意。故填ambitious。
25. (缺乏) experience, he is not qualified for this job.
【答案】Lacking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于缺乏经验,他不具备这份工作的任职资格。根据提示的汉语,表示“缺乏”为lack,在句中作原因状语,he与lack是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式lacking,首字母大写。故填Lacking。
26.The ballerina danced with such f (流畅) that she seemed to float across the stage.
【答案】fluency/luency
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位芭蕾舞演员舞姿如此流畅,仿佛在舞台上轻盈地飘行一般。根据中英文提示可知用名词fluency,作宾语,不可数。故填fluency。
27.The a (平均) score of our group rose by 5.2%, which was beyond everyone’s expectation. (
【答案】average/verage
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们组的平均分上升了5.2%,这超出了所有人的预期。根据首字母和中文提示可知,此处使用形容词average,修饰名词score,作定语。故填average。
28.It’s easy to b (责怪) the weather for a bad day, but sometimes it’s just our perspective that needs adjusting.
【答案】blame/lame
【详解】考查动词。句意:很容易责怪坏天气导致了一天心情不好,但有时只是我们的视角需要调整。空处应用动词原形,与It’s easy to构成不定式作真正的主语,表示“责怪”用blame。故填blame。
29.The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as e (满腔热忱的) as ever.
【答案】enthusiastic/nthusiastic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击,但他没有气馁,很快又像以前一样充满了热情。句中got是系动词,空处作表语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,形容词enthusiastic符合题意;在as...as...结构中,形容词应用原形。故填enthusiastic。
30.The c (反差) between the vibrant colors of the flowers and the dull background made the painting stand out beautifully.
【答案】contrast/ontrast
【详解】考查名词。句意:花朵鲜艳的色彩与暗淡的背景形成的反差,使这幅画美得格外引人注目。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“反差”应用contrast,这里为不可数名词,在本句中作主语。故填contrast。
31.The community garden focuses on growing o (有机的,绿色的) vegetables for local families.
【答案】organic/rganic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:社区花园专注于为当地家庭种植有机蔬菜。根据首字母o及汉语提示“有机的,绿色的”可知,本空用形容词organic,修饰vegetables,作前置定语。故填organic。
32.The (最精彩的部分) of the concert was when the lead singer invited a fan on stage to sing along.
【答案】highlight
【详解】考查名词。句意:这场音乐会的最精彩的部分是主唱邀请一位粉丝上台一起演唱的时候。根据汉语提示“最精彩的部分”可知,此处为名词highlight,作主语。故填highlight。
33.The library has a (限制) on the number of books you can borrow at one time.
【答案】limit
【详解】考查名词。句意:图书馆对一次可以借阅的书籍数量有限制。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填名词limit“限制”,作has的宾语,由空前a可知,应用名词单数形式。故填limit。
34.I really a it when my friends help me out in difficult times.
【答案】appreciate/ppreciate
【详解】考查动词。句意:当我的朋友们在我困难的时候伸出援手时,我真的很感激他们。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用动词appreciate,作谓语,根据后文help可知为一般现在时,主语为I,谓语用原形。故填appreciate。
35.Tony told her she was being (敏感的) and was just as good as Gladys.
【答案】sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:托尼说她太敏感了,和格拉迪斯一样好。空格处用形容词作表语,“敏感的”的形容词是sensitive。故填sensitive。
36.The conflict has now reached a new level of i (强度).
【答案】intensity/ntensity
【详解】考查名词。句意:冲突现在已经达到了一个新的强度水平。根据句意和中英文提示可知,空处应填名词intensity“强度”,作介词of的宾语,不可数。故填intensity。
37.I feel like I b to this warm community.
【答案】belong/elong
【详解】考查动词。句意:我感觉自己属于这个温暖的社区。根据单词首字母可知用动词belong,根据上文feel可知为一般现在时,主语为I,谓语用原形。故填belong。
38.It’s (正常的) to feel a little nervous before an important exam.
【答案】normal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在重要考试前感到有点紧张是正常的。此处为形容词作表语,根据汉语提示可知,表示“正常的”应用形容词normal。故填normal。
39.The chief complaint about online courses is that they l (缺少) human interaction.
【答案】lack/ack
【详解】考查动词。句意:对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺少人际互动。根据句意和首字母提示可知,空处应填动词lack“缺少”,在从句中作谓语。结合主句时态和语境,此处描述一般情况,应用一般现在时,主语they为复数,谓语动词用原形。故填lack。
40.My original (打算) was to spend a quiet weekend at home.
【答案】intention
【详解】考查名词。句意:我原本的打算是在家度过一个安静的周末。根据汉语提示可知用名词intention,作主语。故填intention。
41.Many supermarkets charge for (塑料的) bags now.
【答案】plastic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:现在许多超市对塑料袋收费。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词bags,“塑料的”的形容词是plastic,故填plastic。
42.The region’s economy relies heavily on (农业的) production, especially rice and wheat.
【答案】agricultural
【详解】考查形容词。句意:该地区的经济严重依赖农业生产,尤其是水稻和小麦。根据汉语提示 “农业的”,可知此处应填形容词 agricultural作定语。故填agricultural。
43.Many people in China naturally (联系) Chongqing with hotpot.
【答案】associate
【详解】考查动词。句意:在中国,很多人自然而然地把重庆和火锅联系在一起。associate...with...把……和……联系起来。句子描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语Many people是复数,所以用动词原形。故填associate。
44.City born and city bred, I have always regarded the countryside as something you o visit during the weekend.
【答案】occasionally/ccasionally
【详解】考查副词。句意:我出生在城市,成长于城市,一直以来我都把农村视为那种偶尔在周末去游玩的地方。根据单词首字母以及句意可知,此处表示偶尔在周末去游玩,空处应用副词occasionally,作状语,修饰动词visit。故填occasionally。
45.Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer to go s .
【答案】sightseeing/ightseeing
【详解】考查动名词。句意:有些人喜欢躺在海滩上,但我更喜欢去观光。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用名词sightseeing“观光”,go sightseeing“去观光”,固定短语。故填sightseeing。
46.She seemed to be placing most of the (过失) on her mother.
【答案】blame
【详解】考查名词。句意:她似乎把大部分过失都归咎于她母亲。根据汉语提示“过失”可知,应填名词blame,作宾语,此处为特指,用单数形式。故填blame。
47.There has been a progressive (减少) in population every year in this city.
【答案】decrease
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个城市的人口每年都在逐渐减少。progressive是形容词,修饰名词,“减少”的名词是decrease,空前有a,空格处用单数,故填decrease。
48.We are all looking forward to the mayor’s (视察) our school tomorrow.
【答案】inspecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们都期待着市长明天来视察我们学校。根据汉语提示可知,此处应用动词inspect,表示“视察”;根据空格前的所有格“the mayor’s”可知,此处应填动词的动名词形式,作固定短语look forward to中的介词to的宾语。故填inspecting。
49.There were people at the e giving out leaflets.
【答案】entrance/ntrance
【详解】考查名词。句意:入口处有人在散发传单。根据giving out leaflets以及常识可知,此处表示在入口处发传单,设空处应用名词entrance,意为“入口处”,此处特指这个地方的入口,应用单数形式,作介词at的宾语。故填entrance。
50.They were persuaded that we would accept the (邀请).
【答案】invitation
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们被说服我们会接受邀请。根据汉语提示“邀请”可知,应填名词invitation,作would accept的宾语,此处特指某个具体的邀请,应用单数形式。故填invitation。
二、单句语填50题
51.If you don’t feel at ease while facing somebody, you can turn your back to him to avoid (embarrass).
【答案】embarrassment
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果你在面对某人时感到不自在,你可以背对着他以避免尴尬。分析句子可知,设空处应填名词作宾语,embarrass的名词形式是embarrassment,且此处表示抽象概念“尴尬”,为不可数名词,符合语境。故填embarrassment。
52.The economic model’s failure stemmed from the flawed (assume) that consumer behavior would remain constant during a market crisis.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个经济模型的失败源于一个有缺陷的假设,即消费者行为在市场危机期间会保持不变。形容词“flawed”后应接名词,作介词“from”的宾语,所给词“assume”为动词,其名词形式assumption意为“假设”,此处表示后文提到的那个假设,应用单数形式。故填assumption。
53.Last week, my name tags (标牌) (sew) into the collar of my shirts by my mother.
【答案】were sewed/were sewn
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:上周,我妈妈把我的姓名牌缝在了我的衬衫领子上。根据时间状语“Last week”可知,此处为一般过去时,主语“my name tags”与动词“sew”之间是被动关系,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,主语是复数,be动词用“were”;“sew”的过去分词有两种形式,即“sewed”和“sewn”。故填were sewed/ sewn。
54.Putin orders Russian army (expand) as battlefield failures.
【答案】to expand
【详解】考查不定式。句意:由于战场失败,普京命令俄罗斯军队扩张。order sb. to do sth.是固定短语,意为“命令某人做某事”,空格处用不定式,故填to expand。
55.He is so (humour), responsible and selfless that I respect and love him very much.
【答案】humorous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他幽默、负责、无私,所以我非常尊重和爱他。设空处接在be动词后,应用形容词作表语,故填humorous。
56.What the police did first was to question all the (witness) involved in the accident last week.
【答案】witnesses
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:警方首先做的是询问上周事故中的所有目击者。空处应为名词作question的宾语,witness意为“目击者”,为可数名词,由空前all可知,此处应用其复数形式witnesses。故填witnesses。
57.Writing was so difficult and (pain) for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, …
【答案】painful
【详解】考查形容词。句意:写作对我来说实在是太困难和痛苦了,以至于我的老师允许我通过表演一出戏的方式来展示我关于泰坦尼克号沉没事件的论文……空处作表语,表示“痛苦的”用形容词painful,故填painful。
58.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy.
【答案】rarely
【详解】考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一笼都不够,而两笼又显得太贪心了。空格处用副词rarely修饰形容词enough,作状语,rarely意为“很少”。故填rarely。
59.It would have been easy to rely my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词。句意:我本可以轻易地依赖自己对这位从未离家超过几百英里的公路建设者的假设。分析句子可知,这里考查rely on,表“依靠”,为固定搭配,符合语境。故填on。
60.There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is of great (significant) to Chinese cultural diversity.
【答案】significance
【详解】考查名词。句意:毫无疑问,传统文化的保护对中国文化的多样性具有重要意义。此处为名词作介词of的宾语,“be of great + 名词”为固定结构,相当于“be very + 形容词”,所以应用significant的名词形式significance,意为“重要性”,be of great significance表示“具有重要意义,具有重大意义”,符合语境。故填significance。
61.Skills like critical thinking and (analyse) can't be found on the Internet because they must be acquired in the context of facts.
【答案】analysis
【详解】考查名词。句意:像批判性思维和分析这样的技能在互联网上找不到,因为它们必须在事实的背景下才能获得。名词analysis作宾语。故填analysis。
62.The prices of vegetables are reported to have a (tend) to increase in some cities.
【答案】tendency
【详解】考查名词。句意:据报道,一些城市的蔬菜价格有上涨的趋势。此处位于不定冠词“a”后,需用名词单数形式,tend是动词,意为“倾向于”,其名词形式是tendency,意为“趋势”,符合语境。故填tendency。
63.Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common (theme) in their works, ...
【答案】themes
【详解】考查名词。句意:汤显祖和莎士比亚是同时代的人,都死于1616年。虽然他们不可能见过面,但他们的作品中有共同的主题,……。根据“there are”可知,此处应用名词复数形式,在there be句型中作主语。故填themes。
64.Next weekend at this time, the entire family (gather) at our grandparents’ house, enjoying a delicious homemade meal.
【答案】will be gathering
【详解】考查时态。句意:下周末的这个时候,全家人将聚集在我们祖父母家,享受一顿美味的自制大餐。句子描述“下周末这个时间点”(Next weekend at this time)正在发生的动作,强调将来具体时刻的持续状态,需用将来进行时(will be + 现在分词),故填will be gathering。
65.At the end of the letter you should express your (expect) of cooperation and an early reply.
【答案】expectation
【详解】考查名词。句意:在信的结尾,你应该表达对合作的期待以及希望早日收到回复。根据空前形容词性物主代词your可知,空处需用名词作express宾语;expect的名词expectation“期望”,符合题意,此处表特指,需用名词单数形式作宾语。故填expectation。
66.It is his laziness that caused his failure; that’s to say, his failure resulted his laziness.
【答案】from
【详解】考查介词。句意:是他的懒惰导致了他的失败;也就是说,他的失败是由于他的懒惰。result from“由……引起”,固定短语。故填from。
67.The teacher arranged us to clean up the whole classroom.
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意:老师安排我们打扫整个教室。arrange for sb to do sth“安排某人做某事”,故填for。
68.Now he must make it a (prior) to fix the deeply broken system.
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意:现在他必须把修复这个严重破损的系统作为首要任务。不定冠词a后应接可数名词单数形式,prior是形容词,其名词形式为priority,作宾补,意为“优先事项;首要任务”,符合语境。故填priority。
69.Most goods are (avail), at half a price.
【答案】available
【详解】考查形容词。句意:大多数商品都有货,半价出售。根据空前的系动词are可知,此处应用avail的形容词形式available作表语,表示“可获得的;可购得的”。故填available。
70.In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as (complicate) to process as the computer code.
【答案】complicated
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在错误的人手中,这样一本书可能会像计算机代码一样难以处理。空处需用形容词作表语,complicate的形容词为complicated“复杂的,难处理的”,as...as...“和……一样”是原级比较,故形容词应用原级。故填complicated。
71.The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare (mix) known as foxy hedgehog.
【答案】mixture
【详解】考查名词。句意:度过人生的最有效方式,就是努力成为那种罕见的、集“狡黠如狐”与“专注如刺猬”于一身的混合体。rare是形容词,修饰名词,mix的名词是mixture,意为“混合体”,由that可知,空格处用单数,故填mixture。
72.In (conclude), don’t work from nine to five, but from seven to three or twelve to eight, instead.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意:总之,不要从九点到五点工作,而是从七点到三点或十二点到八点工作。空处作介词In的宾语,应用名词。conclusion意为“结论,结束”,in conclusion意为“最后,总而言之”,为固定搭配。故填conclusion。
73.The pianist has (technique) skill but not much feeling in his performance.
【答案】technical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这位钢琴家有技巧,但演奏时缺乏感情。空处修饰名词skill,应填形容词作定语,故填technical。
74.It is his (responsible) to make arrangements for the meeting tomorrow.
【答案】responsibility
【详解】考查名词。句意:安排明天的会议事宜是他的职责所在。作表语,应用名词responsibility,故填responsibility。
75.He says what he thinks, (regard) of other people’s feelings.
【答案】regardless
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:他想说什么就说什么,不顾及别人的感受。此处为固定短关于regardless of,意为“不管,不顾”,符合语境。故填regardless。
76.The doctor asked the patient to tell him more (precise) where the pain was.
【答案】precisely
【详解】考查副词。句意:医生要求病人更准确地告诉他疼痛的部位。空处修饰动词tell,应填副词precisely“准确地”作状语,故填precisely。
77.You should take more (physics) exercise if you want to stay healthy.
【答案】physical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你想保持健康,就应该多做体育锻炼。此处位于名词“exercise”前,需用形容词作定语,physics为名词,意为“物理学”,其形容词形式“physical”意为“身体的;物理的”,physical exercise表示“体育锻炼”,符合语境。故填physical。
78.My (assume) that he had passed the exam was wrong.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:我认为他通过了考试的假设是错误的。此处位于形容词性物主代词“My”后,需用名词作主语,assume为动词,意为“假设;认为”,其名词形式是assumption,意为“假设”,根据系动词“was”可知,主语为单数,故填assumption。
79.He made a quick (adapt) to the surroundings.
【答案】adaptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:他很快就适应了周围的环境。空处作made的宾语,被quick修饰,名词adaptation符合题意,意为“适应”。故填adaptation。
80.Whenever he came back home, he brought some books (suit) for his child.
【答案】suitable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:每次他回家,都会带一些适合他孩子的书。此处修饰名词“books”,需用形容词作后置定语,suit为动词,意为“适合”,其形容词形式是suitable,意为“合适的”,suitable for为固定搭配,意为“适合……的”,符合语境。故填suitable。
81.Such questions can help you to make a better (judge).
【答案】judgment/judgement
【详解】考查名词。句意:这类问题能帮助你做出更好的判断。空处需作make的宾语,且空前有形容词比较级better修饰,故空处应填名词,judge的名词形式拼写为judgment或judgement,空前有不定冠词a,空处应填单数形式。故填judgment/judgement。
82.She spoke (gentle) to the frightened boy after the accident.
【答案】gently
【详解】考查副词。句意:事故发生后,她温柔地跟那个受惊的男孩说话。空处应用副词修饰spoke,gently“温柔地”符合题意。故填gently。
83.Some students don’t want to see him because he speaks in a (frighten) manner.
【答案】frightening
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有些学生不想见他,因为他说话的方式很吓人。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词manner,再结合句意“吓人的”是frightening。故填frightening。
84.The new idea needs to be further (examine).
【答案】examined
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个新想法需要进一步检验。空处作非谓语动词,与逻辑主语The new idea构成被动关系,应用过去分词examined,与to be构成动词不定式的被动式。故填examined。
85.He answered the (advertise) in the newspaper and got the job.
【答案】advertisement
【详解】考查名词。句意:他回应了报纸上的广告,得到了那份工作。根据空前定冠词the可知,空处需用名词作answered的宾语;advertise的名词为advertisement“广告”,此处特指报纸上的那个广告,名词需用单数。故填advertisement。
86.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she (lie) there.
【答案】had been lying
【详解】考查过去完成进行时。句意:当艾丽斯苏醒过来的时候,她不知道自己已经在那儿躺了多久。“爱丽丝醒来(came to)”是过去的动作,而“躺(lie)”这一动作在“醒来”之前就已经开始,并且一直持续到“醒来”这个过去的时间点,为过去的过去一直在进行的动作,应用过去完成进行时,其结构为“had been+现在分词”,lie的现在分词是lying。故填had been lying。
87.Our project began with the (create) of a well-rounded questionnaire covering students’ favorite genres, reading frequency, preferred formats, etc.
【答案】creation
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的项目始于设计一份全面的调查问卷,该问卷涵盖了学生喜爱的文学体裁、阅读频率、偏好的阅读形式等方面的内容。作介词的宾语,用名词creation,此处特指,用单数。故填creation。
88.We will see our Chinese enterprises becoming more and more (compete) internationally, and our motherland getting stronger than ever before.
【答案】competitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们将看到我们的中国企业在国际上变得越来越有竞争力,我们的祖国变得比以往任何时候都强大。设空处接在系动词后,应用形容词比较级作表语,表示“有竞争力的”,故填competitive。
89.To help deal with this problem, our Students Union will hold a (psychology) Health Week next week, the theme of which is “How to Relieve Mental Pressure”.
【答案】Psychological
【详解】考查形容词。句意:为了帮助解决这个问题,我们学生会将在下周举办一个“心理健康周”,主题是“如何缓解心理压力”。空处修饰名词短语Health Week,应填形容词作定语,此处是专有名词,首字母应大写,故填Psychological。
90.Such is Zhang Guimei, who is definitely (worth) of my heartfelt admiration and respect.
【答案】worthy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这就是张桂梅,她绝对值得我衷心的钦佩和尊敬。 be worthy of是固定搭配,意为“值得……”。形容词作表语。故填worthy。
91.These small yet (significance) changes will undoubtedly contribute to making our library an ideal place for learning and exploration.
【答案】significant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这些微小却意义重大的改变无疑将有助于把我们的图书馆变成一个理想的学习和探索场所。此处修饰名词“changes”,需用形容词作定语,所给词“significance”为名词,意为“意义”,其形容词形式是significant,意为“有意义的,重大的”,符合语境。故填significant。
92.We have hosted regular clean-up events in the school and (surround) areas, encouraging students to take an active role in keeping our environment clean.
【答案】surrounding
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们在学校及周边地区定期举办清理活动,鼓励学生们积极参与维护环境清洁的工作。修饰名词areas用形容词surrounding,作定语。故填surrounding。
93.English has been my friend since I was seven. (initial), I learnt English with the intention of being admitted into a key university.
【答案】Initially
【详解】考查副词。句意:从七岁起,英语就成了我的朋友。起初,我学习英语是为了考上重点大学。此处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子,initial的副词形式为initially“起初”,且位于句首首字母要大写。故填Initially。
94.We should care about others and try our best to help people in need. It is everyone's (responsible) to create a civilized campus.
【答案】responsibility
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们应该关心他人,尽力帮助有需要的人。创建文明校园是每个人的责任。 It is one's responsibility to do sth.是常用句型,意为“做某事是某人的责任”,名词作表语。故填responsibility。
95.The whole playground was alive with (excite). The winners were awarded fruits and vegetables, which added to their delight.
【答案】excitement
【详解】考查名词。句意:整个操场充满了兴奋的气氛。获胜者获得了水果和蔬菜,这更增添了他们的喜悦。空前有介词“with”,此处需用名词作宾语,所给词“excite”为动词,意为“使兴奋”,其名词形式是excitement,意为“兴奋”,是不可数名词,符合语境。故填excitement。
96.Surely, Andersen made great (contribute) to the world of children’s literature and will be remembered by people all over the world forever.
【答案】contributions
【详解】考查名词。句意:当然,安徒生为儿童文学领域做出了巨大的贡献,并将永远被全世界的人们铭记。空处应用名词,作宾语;contribution为可数名词,表示“贡献”,make contributions to表示“对……做出贡献”。故填contributions。
97.Last week, when I played basketball, I fell and twisted my ankle (accidental).
【答案】accidentally
【详解】考查副词。句意:上周,我在打篮球时不小心摔倒并扭伤了脚踝。修饰动词用副词accidentally,作状语。故填accidentally。
98.We need (educate) people so that they can understand the importance of a good, healthy diet.
【答案】to educate
【详解】考查不定式。句意:我们需要教育人们,使他们能够理解良好健康饮食的重要性。need to do sth.是固定短语,意为“需要做某事”,因此空格处用不定式to educate。故填to educate。
99.In order (gain) confidence, it’s time to shift your focus to your strengths, not your shortcomings.
【答案】to gain
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了获得自信,是时候将你的注意力转移到你的优点上,而不是你的缺点上了。in order to do sth.为固定短语,表示“为了做某事”,作目的状语。故填to gain。
100.The girl withdrew her hand from mine shyly, saying that she wanted a (withdraw) of her comments.
【答案】withdrawal
【详解】考查名词。句意:那女孩害羞地把手从我手里抽了回来,说她要收回她的话。不定冠词a后接可数名词单数形式,在句中作宾语。withdraw的名词形式为withdrawal,表示“收回”。故填withdrawal。
考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.Wearing a suit and tie is a d for a business meeting.
【答案】demand/emand
【详解】考查名词。句意:商务会议要求穿西装打领带。结合不定冠词a、首字母和句意,用单数名词demand (要求)作表语。故填demand。
2.She was deeply (失望) when she found out the concert tickets had sold out.
【答案】disappointed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当她发现音乐会门票已经售罄时,她非常失望。此处为形容词作表语,根据汉语提示“失望”,且主语是“She”(指人),对应的形容词是disappointed,意为“感到失望的”,符合句意。故填disappointed。
3.Their (利润) have fallen by 30 percent.
【答案】profits
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:他们的利润下降了30%。根据汉语提示“利润”可知,此处需要填入名词profit。根据后文have可知,句子主语应该为复数,profit的复数形式为profits。故填profits。
4.Ken just now (高声喊出) a warning telling people to get out of the way.
【答案】screamed
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:肯刚才高声喊出一个警告,告诉人们让开。根据括号中的汉语提示,表示“高声喊出”用scream,作谓语;根据句中just now可知,句子表述过去事实,用一般过去时。故填screamed。
5.You’d better not get yourself (暴露) to the sun so long. It may result in skin diseases.
【答案】exposed
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:你最好不要让自己长时间暴露在阳光下,这可能会导致皮肤病。根据提示的汉语,表示“暴露”为动词expose,该句为“get +宾语+宾补”结构,表示“使……被……”,逻辑主语yourself与动词expose(暴露)之间是被动关系,应为过去分词exposed作宾补。故填exposed。
6.The political d (辩论) about the new tax policy lasted for hours, with no clear consensus reached.
【答案】debate/ebate
【详解】考查名词。句意:关于新税收政策的政治辩论持续了数小时,却未能达成明确的共识。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“辩论”应用debate,为可数名词,再由语境可知,这里特指“那一场辩论”,所以应用单数形式作主语。故填debate。
7.The children jumped with e (兴奋,激动) when they saw the Christmas tree.
【答案】excitement/xcitement
【详解】考查名词。句意:孩子们看到圣诞树时兴奋地跳了起来。空格处用名词作宾语,由首字母提示e可知,“兴奋,激动”的名词是excitement,是不可数名词,故填excitement。
8.A (后来), I ate some delicious Mexican-Chinese noodles from a food truck.
【答案】Afterwards/fterwards
【详解】考查副词。句意:后来,我在餐车里吃了一些美味的墨西哥中式面条。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为副词Afterwards“后来”作状语修饰后面整个句子,满足句意要求。故填Afterwards。
9.The incident has received wide (新闻报道) in the press.
【答案】coverage
【详解】考查名词。句意:该事件在媒体上得到了广泛的新闻报道。形容词wide后接名词形式,在句中作宾语。名词“新闻报道”英文为coverage。故填coverage。
10.The accident was caused by an error of (判断) on the part of the pilot.
【答案】judgement
【详解】考查名词。句意:事故是由飞行员的判断失误造成的。空格处用名词作宾语,“判断”的名词是judgement,此处表抽象意义,是不可数名词,故填judgement。
11.Some students give up when they e (遇到) difficulties, while others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn.
【答案】encounter/ncounter
【详解】考查动词。句意:有些学生在遇到困难时就放弃了,而另一些能力稍逊的学生则会继续努力学习。根据中英文提示可知用动词encounter,根据上文give up可知为一般现在时,主语为they,谓语用原形。故填encounter。
12.The students return in September for the start of the new a (学业的) year.
【答案】academic/cademic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:学生们会在九月返校,开启新的学年。根据中英文提示可知用形容词academic,修饰名词year。故填academic。
13.From his (困惑的) look, we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a question to him.
【答案】confused/puzzled
【详解】考查形容词。句意:从他困惑的表情中,我们可以看出他没有料到我们会向他提出这样的问题。空处作定语,修饰名词look,结合汉语提示可知,形容词confused/puzzled符合题意,故填confused/puzzled。
14.She was awarded a full s (奖学金) for her outstanding academic achievements.
【答案】scholarship/cholarship
【详解】考查名词。句意:她因学业成绩优异而获得全额奖学金。根据首字母s及汉语提示“奖学金”可知,本空用名词scholarship,结合不定冠词a可知,用单数形式,作was awarded的宾语。故填scholarship。
15.I finally (发现)my friend in the crowd.
【答案】spotted
【详解】考查动词及时态。句意:我终于在人群中发现了我的朋友。“发现”常见英文为spot,根据语境,动作已发生,应用一般过去时,所以用spot的过去式spotted,在句中作谓语。故填spotted。
16.There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective, in which the poet Tagore shows (同情) for children’s feelings.
【答案】sympathy
【详解】考查名词。句意:还有许多以儿童视角创作的诗歌,泰戈尔在这些诗歌中表达了对儿童情感的同情。在in which引导的非限制性定语从句中,shows是谓语动词,其后的空要用名词作宾语。“同情”的英语是sympathy,是不可数名词,没有单复数的变化。故填sympathy。
17.Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant a (氛围) in the office.
【答案】atmosphere/tmosphere
【详解】考查名词。句意:自从他们吵架后,办公室里就一直有一种不愉快的气氛。根据中英文提示可知,名词atmosphere符合题意,作主语,不定冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填atmosphere。
18.Participating in the school debate competition is (有益的) to improving your logical thinking and public-speaking skills.
【答案】beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:参加学校的辩论比赛有益于提高你的逻辑思维和公众演讲技巧。此处为形容词作表语,根据提示的汉语,表示“有益的”为beneficial,be beneficial to...是固定搭配,意为“对……有益”。故填beneficial。
19.Our city is home to a d (各种各样的) population, with people from different countries.
【答案】diverse/iverse
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的城市居住着各种各样的人,有来自不同国家的人。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“各种各样的”应用diverse,为形容词,在本句中作定语,修饰后面名词。故填diverse。
20.Every child has the (潜力) to succeed; it’s up to educators to help them unlock it.
【答案】potential
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个孩子都有成功的潜力,能否帮助他们发掘这种潜力,取决于教育工作者。根据句意和中文提示,表示“潜力”应用potential,为不可数名词,在本句中作宾语。故填potential。
21.“Be certain to c your food extremely well before swallowing (吞咽) it.” Mom often reminds me over meals.
【答案】chew/hew
【详解】考查动词。句意:“吞咽前一定要把食物充分咀嚼。”妈妈经常在吃饭时提醒我。根据“before swallowing (吞咽) it”以及常识可知,此处指吞咽前要充分咀嚼食物,chew“咀嚼”,不定式符号to后接动词原形形式。故填chew。
22.C (当代的) artists have followed this tradition to create works that speak to the anxieties of our age.
【答案】Contemporary/ontemporary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当代艺术家遵循这一传统,创作出反映我们这个时代焦虑的作品。根据句意和首字母提示以及汉语提示可知,应填形容词contemporary“当代的”作定语,修饰名词artists,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Contemporary。
23.My assistant is now d (演示) the machine in action.
【答案】demonstrating/emonstrating
【详解】考查动词。句意:我的助手正在演示这台机器的运行情况。根据汉语提示“演示”及首字母提示可知,空处应用动词demonstrate,结合语境及时间状语now可知,此处表示动作正在发生,应用现在进行时,空前有is,所以空处应用动词的现在分词形式。故填demonstrating。
24.The old man shared his life (智慧) with the younger generation patiently.
【答案】wisdom/wit/intelligence
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位老人耐心地与年轻一代分享他的人生智慧。此处为名词作宾语,根据汉语提示可知,表示“智慧”可用不可数名词wisdom、wit或intelligence,三者均符合语境。故填wisdom。
25.With over 2, 500 bikes stored in our five rental shops, we make sure there is always a bike (可获得的) for you.
【答案】available
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的五家租车店存放了超过2500辆自行车,确保总有一辆自行车供你使用。“可获得的”修饰名词词组a bike,用形容词available作后置定语。故填available。
26.She (耳语) in his ear that she saw a thief just now.
【答案】whispered
【详解】考查时态。句意:她在他耳边低声说她刚才看见一个小偷。“耳语”是whisper,由saw可知,句子时态是一般过去时,空格处用过去式,故填whispered。
27.During the holiday season, our home always has a warm and festive .
【答案】atmosphere
【详解】考查名词。句意:每逢佳节,我们家总有一种温馨喜庆的气氛。空处作has的宾语,结合“the holiday season”和“warm and festive”可推知,名词atmosphere“气氛”符合题意,表示“温馨喜庆的气氛”,且空前有不定冠词a,atmosphere应用单数形式。故填atmosphere。
28.We can’t come to a (结论) until we have gathered all the necessary evidence.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意:在收集到所有必要的证据之前,我们不能得出结论。此处为名词作宾语,根据汉语提示“结论”可知,应为名词conclusion,come to a conclusion为固定搭配,意为“得出结论”,符合句意。故填conclusion。
29.Discouraging the students’ a for easy rewards is a matter of urgency.
【答案】appetite/ppetite
【详解】考查名词。句意:抑制学生对容易得到的奖励的欲望是当务之急。分析句子结构可知,students’后接名词形式,在句中作宾语,名词appetite,表示“强烈欲望,渴望”之意。故填appetite。
30.During the fast-paced lecture, it was challenging to (掌握) all the main ideas, so I focused on taking clear notes to review later.
【答案】grasp
【详解】考查动词。句意:在节奏很快的讲座中,要掌握所有的主要观点很有挑战性,所以我集中精力做好清晰的笔记以便之后复习。根据汉语提示“掌握”,此处应用动词grasp,且“it is +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,所以这里用动词原形grasp。故填grasp。
31.I take my time over every spoonful, rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk.
【答案】gently
【详解】考查副词。句意:我慢慢地享用每一勺,轻轻地将丝滑的甜点在口中滚动,享受着米饭和牛奶的完美融合。表示“轻轻地”,用副词gently,修饰动词rolling,作状语。故填gently。
32.Guangzhou’s restaurants (刺激) customers’ appetite with a variety of light dishes.
【答案】stimulate
【详解】考查动词。句意:广州的餐馆以各种清淡的菜肴刺激顾客的食欲。根据句子结构,此处缺少谓语动词。动词“刺激”英文为stimulate。句子描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语 restaurants为复数,所以用动词原形。故填 stimulate。
33.The (科学的) research on nutrition guided him to make healthier food choices.
【答案】scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:营养学方面的科学研究指导他选择更健康的食物。名词research前用形容词修饰。形容词“科学的”英文为scientific。故填scientific。
34.Athletes’ performance was evaluated through o (based on facts rather than on personal feelings or opinions) measurements like speed and accuracy.
【答案】objective/bjective
【详解】考查形容词。句意:运动员的表现是通过客观的测量方式来评估的,例如速度和准确性。根据首字母和英文释义“基于事实而非个人情感或观点”可知,此空应填objective,表“客观的”,为形容词,在本句中作定语修饰后面名词,符合语境。故填objective。
35.Music is often considered a u (true or suitable in every situation) language that transcends cultural barriers.
【答案】universal/niversal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:音乐通常被认为是一种超越文化障碍的通用语言。根据首字母提示和英文释义“true or suitable in every situation(在各种情况下都适用或合适的)”可知,此处应用形容词universal作定语,修饰名词language,意为“通用的,普遍的”。故填universal。
36.China plans to e (to make something longer or larger) its high-speed train network to more cities and regions, bringing greater convenience to people’s travel.
【答案】expand/xpand
【详解】考查动词。句意:中国计划将高铁网络扩展到更多城市和地区,为人们的出行带来更大便利。根据首字母e以及括号内释义“to make something longer or larger(使某物更长或更大)”可知,空处应填动词expand,意为“扩展”。plan to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“计划做某事”,所以空处用动词原形。故填expand。
37.Learning about different customs can have a s (有重大意义的,显著的) impact on how we view the world.
【答案】significant/ignificant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:了解不同的习俗对我们如何看待世界有着重大的影响。根据汉语提示“有重大意义的,显著的”以及首字母s可知,应填形容词significant,作定语修饰名词impact。故填significant。
38.It requires both courage to silence external expectations and patience to hear your own inner creative (低语).
【答案】whisper
【详解】考查名词。句意:既要勇敢地无视外界的期望,又要有耐心倾听自己内心创造性的低语。根据汉语提示“低语”以及形容词inner creative(内心创造性的)可知,此处应填名词whisper,作宾语,符合语境。故填whisper。
39.The failure of the peace talks set off a chain of (危机).
【答案】crises
【详解】考查名词。句意:和谈的失败引发了一连串的危机。“危机”是crisis,空前有a chain of可知,空格处用复数crises,故填crises。
40.They chose to a (宣布, 通知) their decision after careful consideration and discussions with their team.
【答案】announce/nnounce
【详解】考查动词。句意:在经过仔细考虑并与团队讨论后,他们选择宣布自己的决定。根据汉语提示“宣布,通知”及首字母“a”可知,应为动词announce,位于不定式符号to之后,所以此处使用动词原形。故填announce。
41.Parents may find that a t teenager becomes unmanageable.
【答案】troublesome/roublesome
【详解】考查形容词。句意:父母可能会发现,一个麻烦的青少年变得难以管教。此处需用形容词作定语修饰“teenager”。根据首字母“t”及“unmanageable(难以管教的)”的语境可知,此处为troublesome表示“麻烦的,令人烦恼的”,符合“青少年难以管教”的逻辑。故填troublesome。
42.The children feel as if they were transported to the Amazon Rainforest thanks to the writer’s (生动的) description.
【答案】vivid
【详解】考查形容词。句意:由于作者生动的描述,孩子们感觉自己仿佛被送到了亚马逊雨林。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填形容词vivid“生动的”,作定语修饰名词description。故填vivid。
43.The basic v of a language is those words that must be learnt.
【答案】vocabulary/ocabulary
【详解】考查名词。句意:语言的基本词汇是那些必须学习的单词。根据单词首字母以及句意“词汇”可知,空格处应用单词“vocabulary”,意为“词汇”,为不可数名词,作主语。故填vocabulary。
44.He suffered s brain damage after an accident.
【答案】severe/serious/evere/erious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他在一次事故后遭受了严重的脑损伤。根据句意“严重的”和首字母提示“s”可知,此处为形容词severe/serious作定语,修饰名词brain damage。故填severe/serious。
45.He thought her political (运动) would probably fade out soon in any case.
【答案】campaign
【详解】考查名词。句意:他认为无论怎样她的政治运动可能很快就会逐渐消失。根据汉语提示“运动”可知,空处需要名词campaign“运动”作从句主语,该词在本句中表示具体的“政治运动”这一事件,为可数名词,根据空前的her political可知,此处特指“她的政治运动”,用单数形式即可。故填campaign。
46.The (购买) price figures out at about two million dollars.
【答案】purchase
【详解】考查名词。句意:购买价格约为200万美元。根据空前定冠词The和空后名词price以及汉语提示“购买”可知,空处应填名词purchase,作定语修饰price,purchase price表示“购买价格”。故填purchase。
47.The ancient Egyptian (文明世界) is one of the oldest in the world.
【答案】civilisation
【详解】考查名词。句意:古埃及文明是世界上最古老的文明之一。根据汉语提示可知,表示“文明世界”可用名词civilisation作主语。故填civilisation。
48.The dialogue in the film is amusing but the p is weak.
【答案】plot/lot
【详解】考查名词。句意:这部电影的对白很有趣,但情节薄弱。根据首字母“p”及“The dialogue in the film”可知,此处指电影的“情节”,应用名词“plot”。由“is”可知,空格处用单数形式。故填plot。
49.Every year we have charity days to raise money for (不幸的) people.
【答案】unfortunate
【详解】考查形容词。句意:每年我们都有慈善日来为不幸的人筹款。根据汉语提示“不幸的”可知,此处为形容词unfortunate,作定语修饰名词people。故填unfortunate。
50.He found a dog (遗弃) in the wood and brought him home.
【答案】abandoned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他发现一只被遗弃在树林里的狗,然后把它带回了家。根据汉语提示“遗弃”可知,此处应为动词abandon,句中已有谓语动词found和brought,所以abandon应用非谓语形式,此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语a dog与abandon之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填abandoned。
二、单句语法填空50题
1.Transitioning to farming methods that protect nature requires (consider) large first investment in basic facilities but brings important environmental benefits over time.
【答案】considering
【详解】考查动名词。句意:向保护自然的农业方法转型需要考虑在基础设施方面的大量初始投资,但随着时间的推移会带来重要的环境效益。谓语动词“requires”后需接动名词作宾语,require doing sth.为固定用法,意为“需要做某事”,consider的动名词形式为considering,符合语境。故填considering。
2.Construction of the hydroelectric dam cannot commence until environmental (approve) is granted by the regulatory commission following a biodiversity impact assessment.
【答案】approval
【详解】考查名词。句意:在进行生物多样性影响评估后,需获得监管委员会的环境批准,水力发电大坝才能开始建设。作从句的主语,用approve的名词approval,意为“批准”,为不可数名词。故填approval。
3.After harvest, users simply replace the plants a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
【答案】with/by
【详解】考查介词。句意:收获后,用户只需将植物替换成新的预播种豆荚,即可开始下一个生长周期。replace...with/by...“用……替换……”,固定搭配,故填with/by。
4.Writing is a matter of personal (prefer).
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:写作是一项个人偏好。动词prefer需转换为名词preference形式作介词of的宾语,不可数。故填preference。
5.Never cease (try) to be the best you can be — that’s under your control.
【答案】trying
【详解】考查动名词。句意:永远不要停止努力成为最好的自己——这在你的掌控之中。cease doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“停止做某事”,强调停止正在进行的动作,结合句意,此处语境是强调不要停止“努力成为最好的自己”这一持续进行的动作,因此应用动名词形式。故填trying。
6.Many people’s hobbies nowadays are (collect) things, e.g, stamps, postcards or antiques.
【答案】collecting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在许多人的爱好是收集东西,如邮票、明信片或古董。句中系动词are后需接表语,此处表示“收集东西”这一动作或行为,应用动名词形式collecting作表语,说明主语hobbies的具体内容。故填collecting。
7.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening its (one) exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】first
【详解】考查序数词。句意:中国古茶博物馆在典礼上正式揭幕,并开放了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——馆藏普洱茶专题展。所填词作定语修饰单数可数名词exhibition,在此表示“第一个展览”,基数词one要变为对应的序数词first。故填first。
8.They then tested my (sing) skills and asked what role I wanted to play.
【答案】singing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:然后他们测试了我的歌唱技能,并问我想扮演什么角色。修饰名词skills应用sing的动名词形式singing作定语,用来说明被修饰名词的性质、用途或与动作相关的特征。singing skill表示“歌唱技能”,符合语境。故填singing。
9.I realised that by trying something new, I can have fun — even if it means (step) out of my comfort zone.
【答案】stepping
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我意识到,通过尝试新事物,我可以获得乐趣 —— 即使这意味着要走出我的舒适区。mean doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“意味着做某事”,所以此处应用step的动名词形式stepping作宾语。故填stepping。
10.Psychology research suggests (wait) for things actually makes us happier in the long run.
【答案】waiting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:心理学研究表明,从长远来看,等待实际上会让我们更快乐。suggests意为“表明”,后接的是省略连接词的宾语从句,空处和空后的for things搭配,作句子的主语,是非谓语,且主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作,因此应用wait的动名词形式。故填waiting。
11.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).
【答案】taken
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一本新护照,所以我得让人给我拍张照片。此处为“have + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构,宾语photograph与take之间是被动关系,即照片被拍摄,所以应用take的过去分词形式taken作宾语补足语。故填taken。
12.Eventually, he took exercise regularly with the (intend) of staying healthy.
【答案】intention
【详解】考查名词。句意:最终,他有规律地锻炼,目的是保持健康。此空应填名词作介词with的宾语,intend的名词形式是intention,意为“意图,目的”,with the intention of,为固定短语,意为“目的是……”,符合“锻炼的目的是保持健康”的语境。故填intention。
13.You choose which (long) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.
【答案】length
【详解】考查名词。句意:你选择你想要的长度,它就会给你一个像收据一样的短篇故事。此处为名词作want的宾语由“and it gives you a receipt-like short story,long的名词为length意为“长度”,是不可数名词。故填length。
14.Seeing my expression, my mother asked me what had caused my . (anxious)
【答案】 anxious anxiously anxiety
【详解】考查形容词、副词和名词。句意:看到我焦虑的表情,妈妈焦急地问我什么引起了我的焦虑。分析句子可知,第一个空修饰名词 “expression(表情)”,需用形容词形式 “anxious”,表示“焦虑的表情”。第二个空修饰动词“asked(询问)”,需用副词形式 “anxiously”,表示 “焦急地询问”。第三个空位于形容词性物主代词“my”之后,需用名词形式“anxiety”,表示“我的焦虑”,作宾语。故分别填anxious;anxiously;anxiety。
15.When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her envy.
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意:当玛丽在舞台上主持晚会时,她的同事们羡慕地看着她。分析句子可知,此处考查固定搭配“look at...with envy”,意为“羡慕地看着……”。with在此处表示“带着、具有”某种情感或状态,符合语境。故填with。
16.It is worth (mention) that our volleyball team won the championship twice.
【答案】mentioning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:值得一提的是,我们的排球队两次获得冠军。此处是固定搭配“be worth doing sth.(值得做某事)”,用动名词作宾语。故填mentioning。
17.But soldiers who do not have medical training may not know how to help their (injure) friends.
【答案】injured
【详解】考查形容词。句意:但是没有接受过医疗训练的士兵可能不知道如何帮助受伤的朋友。根据空后名词friends可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;injure的形容词为injured“受伤的”,符合题意。故填injured。
18.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while (cooperate), humbleness and courage are praised.
【答案】cooperation
【详解】考查名词。句意:通常,我们不鼓励残忍和欺骗,而鼓励合作、谦逊和勇气。空处和humbleness、courage并列作主语,所以空处应填名词形式,cooperate的名词形式是cooperation,意为“合作”,为不可数名词。故填cooperation。
19.The agricultural productivity of this country remained low in (compare) with that of advanced countries like the United Kingdom.
【答案】comparison
【详解】考查名词。句意:与英国等先进国家相比,这个国家的农业生产力仍然很低。此处为名词作介词in的宾语, in comparison with为固定介词短语,表示“与……相比”,符合语境。故填comparison。
20.You will be able to watch their (behave) which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic.
【答案】behaviour/behavior
【详解】考查名词。句意:你将能够观察他们的行为,这会给你重要的线索,让你了解他们对某个话题的感受。此处位于形容词性物主代词“their”后,需用名词形式,behave是动词,意为“表现”,其名词形式是behaviour(英式)或behavior(美式),意为“行为”,作宾语,且为不可数名词。故填behaviour/behavior。
21.An early-warning system helps us maintain the ecological balance by signaling the (urge) need for taking preventive action.
【答案】urgent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:预警系统通过发出紧急需要采取预防性措施的信号,帮助我们维持生态平衡。修饰名词need应用形容词urgent,作定语。故填urgent。
22.From age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.
【答案】the
【详解】考查定冠词。句意:特里今年26岁,从6岁起,她就在学校放假的时候陪德里克去上班。空格处用定冠词特指6岁的年龄,故填the。
23.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so (demand), the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.
【答案】demanding
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在无情的加拿大北部生活要求如此苛刻,因纽特人对道德的实际态度是有道理的。空处作表语,表示“严苛的”,应用形容词demanding。故填demanding。
24.Many students like to spend time (memory) English vocabulary.
【答案】memorizing
【详解】考查动名词。句意:许多学生喜欢花时间记忆英语词汇。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定表达,意为“花费时间做某事”,memory对应的动词是memorize。要把memorize变为 -ing 形式memorizing。故填memorizing。
25.The senior citizens only need to call up to make an (appoint), and the platform will take orders automatically.
【答案】appointment
【详解】考查名词。句意:老年人只需打电话预约,平台就会自动接单。根据空前不定冠词an可知,空处需用可数名词单数作宾语;结合句意可知,appoint的名词appointment“预约”,构成固定搭配make an appointment“预约”。故填appointment。
26.For well over a hundred years the most (influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
【答案】influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在一百多年的时间里,最具影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的《英语词典》。根据空后“English dictionary”可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;influence的形容词influential“有影响力的”,符合题意,此处表示最具影响力的英语词典,用形容词最高级the most influential。故填influential。
27.The saleswoman felt (guilt) about not visiting her parents more often.
【答案】guilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这位女销售员因没有更经常地看望父母而感到内疚。此处位于系动词“felt”后,需用形容词作表语,guilt是名词,意为“内疚”,其形容词形式是guilty,意为“内疚的”,符合语境。故填guilty。
28.The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as (refer) books.
【答案】reference
【详解】考查名词。句意:教科书和字典都可以被当作参考书使用。修饰books,表示书的功能或类别,用名词reference“参考”作定语,reference books“参考书”。故填reference。
29.Whatever he says, I will never forgive his (cheat) me again.
【答案】cheating
【详解】考查动名词。句意:无论他说什么,我绝不会再原谅他欺骗我。“forgive” 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,“forgive one’s doing sth.”表示“原谅某人做某事”。此处 “cheat”为动词,应用其动名词形式“cheating”。故填cheating。
30.Mr. Li is a (commit)teacher, who is very popular among students.
【答案】committed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:李先生是一位尽心尽力的老师,在学生中很受欢迎。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“teacher”。所给词“commit”是动词,意为“承诺;致力于”,其形容词形式“committed”表示“尽心尽力的;坚定的”,符合语境。故填committed。
31.Many (society) problems came up after he came into power last year.
【答案】social
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在他去年上台之后,出现了许多社会问题。此处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词problems。society的形容词形式为social,表示“社会的”。故填social。
32.Please keep the windows shut because she is very (sense) to the cold.
【答案】sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:请把窗户关上,因为她对寒冷非常敏感。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作表语,“be sensitive to”是固定搭配,意为“对……敏感”,sense的形容词形式是sensitive。故填sensitive。
33.We knew nothing about her illness because she made no (refer) of it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】reference
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们对她的病一无所知,因为她没有提到过。空处作动词made的宾语,应用名词reference,表示“提及”。故填reference。
34.The company is very famous for the (produce) of new cell phones. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】production
【详解】考查名词。句意:这家公司以生产新手机而闻名。根据句子结构可知,此处应填名词作为介词for的宾语,produce的名词形式为production,当表示“生产”这一行为或过程时,是不可数名词。故填production。
35.His (prefer) is that he should play football with his classmates. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:他更愿意和同学一起踢足球。空处为主语,和is保持一致,应用名词单数,故填preference。
36.Your car (handle) easily. It’s much better than mine. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】handles
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:你的车好开。比我的好多了。空处作谓语,结合“It’s”可知,时态应用一般现在时,描述当前的情况,再结合“easily”可知,句子描述车子的内在特性,应用handle“驾驶”的主动形式表被动,且主语Your car是单数,handle需用第三人称单数形式。故填handles。
37.It was an (extreme) difficult and dangerous task. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】extremely
【详解】考查副词。句意:这是一项极其艰巨且充满危险的任务。修饰形容词difficult用副词extremely,故填extremely。
38.The (devote) of parents to their children is selfless. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】devotion
【详解】考查名词。句意:父母对子女的奉献是无私的。空处用于定冠词The之后,应用名词devotion作主语,表示“奉献”,不可数。故填devotion。
39.I have (bare) enough money to live on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】barely
【详解】考查副词。句意:我的钱仅够维持生活。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词enough;bare的副词为barely“仅仅,勉强”,符合题意。故填barely。
40.The (wait) room is crowded with visitors from the other city.
【答案】waiting
【详解】考查动名词。句意:候车室里挤满了来自其他城市的访客。此处修饰名词“room”,表示“用于等待的房间”,需用动名词作定语,说明房子的功能,所给词“wait”为动词,意为“等待”,其动名词形式是“waiting”,waiting room表示“候车室、等候室”,符合语境。故填waiting。
41.We are now at a (turn) point, so we should be very careful with our decision.
【答案】turning
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我们现在正处于一个转折点,所以我们应该非常谨慎地做出决定。固定短语turning point意为“转折点”,动名词turning作定语。故填turning。
42.The bus has (stick) in the mud, so we had to get off and walk to a village.
【答案】been stuck
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:公交车陷在泥里了,所以我们不得不下车步行去一个村庄。根据空前的has及语境可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,来强调公共汽车从过去某一时刻开始一直处于被卡住的状态,其结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”,空前已有助动词has,故空处应用been stuck,且be stuck in为固定短语,意为“陷入……”,符合语境。故填been stuck。
43.You should find a more (practice) method of getting better grades.
【答案】practical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你应该找到一个更实用的方法来取得更好的成绩。空处修饰名词method,应用形容词practical表示“实用的”,与空前的more构成形容词的比较级,作定语。故填practical。
44.He satisfied his (hungry) with everything in the refrigerator.
【答案】hunger
【详解】考查名词。句意:他用冰箱里的东西充饥。形容词性物主代词his后接名词形式,在句中作宾语。hungry的名词形式为hunger,为“饥饿”之意,不可数名词。故填hunger。
45.Don’t worry. I can (defence) myself from my enemies.
【答案】defend
【详解】考查动词。句意:别担心。我可以保护自己免受敌人的攻击。空前有情态动词can,所以空处应用动词原形。defend意为“保卫”,为及物动词。defend sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。故填defend。
46.The (collect) of the data for this report took me a lot of time.
【答案】collection
【详解】考查名词。句意:收集这份报告所需的数据花了我很多时间。根据空前的The可知,空处应用名词作主语。根据空后的of the data可知,这里指“这份报告的收集”。collection意为“收集,采集”,为不可数名词。故填collection。
47.Our country has learned a lot from the (advance) countries.
【答案】advanced
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们国家从发达国家学到了很多东西。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的名词countries可知,此处应用advance的形容词形式advanced作定语,意为“先进的”,advanced countries表示“发达国家”,符合语境。故填advanced。
48.At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of is about English idioms.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:应一些英语学习者的要求,他出版了很多书,其中一本是关于英语习语的。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是books,指物,关系词位于介词of之后,所以此处需用关系代词which引导定语从句,作介词of的宾语。 故填which。
49.As a student of Senior Three, he has very little free time he can spend developing his own interest.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:作为一名高三的学生,他几乎没有时间培养自己的爱好。分析句子可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰先行词“free time”(空闲时间),且在从句中作“spend”的宾语。先行词指物,且由little来修饰,故只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
50.At the same time, I learned to plant vegetables and gained much (agriculture) knowledge.
【答案】agricultural
【详解】考查形容词。句意:同时,我学会了种植蔬菜,获得了许多农业知识。空处需填形容词作定语,修饰名词knowledge,agriculture的形容词形式是agricultural,意为“农业的”。故填agricultural。
考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.Surveys show a t (趋势) away from home-ownership and toward rented accommodation.
【答案】trend/rend
【详解】考查名词。句意:调查结果显示,人们越来越倾向于租房而非购买房产。根据中英文提示可知用名词trend,作宾语,不定冠词提示用单数。故填trend。
2.His shyness is a b to making new friends and he often finds it difficult to start conversations with strangers.
【答案】barrier/arrier
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的害羞是结交新朋友的障碍,而且他经常发现很难和陌生人开始交谈。根据单词首字母以及句意可知,此处应填名词barrier,barrier为可数名词,空前有不定冠词a,所以此处用单数形式作表语。故填barrier。
3.The success of that play is not only down to the (改编) but also to actors’ and actresses’ performance
【答案】adaptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:那部戏剧的成功不仅归功于改编本身,还在于演员们的出色表演。谓语动词是is,空前有介词to和定冠词the,空里要填单数名词。adaptation是名词,表示“改编”,符合要求。故填adaptation。
4.Seeing the end of the letter, she couldn’t c (抑制) her sorrow and tears rolled down her cheeks.
【答案】contain/control/check/ontain/ontrol/heck
【详解】考查动词。句意:看到信的结尾,她抑制不住自己的悲伤,眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。此处为动词作谓语,根据汉语提示“抑制”及首字母“c”可知,应为动词contain/control/check,空前有情态动词couldn’t,后接动词原形。故填contain/control/check。
5.He would not accept his job for such a small s because he had to support a big family.
【答案】salary/alary
【详解】考查名词。句意:他不会接受这份薪水这么少的工作,因为他得养活一个大家庭。根据单词首字母以及句意“薪水”以及上文形容词small,可知应填名词salary,由不定冠词a可知,用单数形式,在句中作介词for的宾语。故填salary。
6.The book is a work of f and not intended as a historical account.
【答案】fiction/iction
【详解】考查名词。句意:这本书是虚构作品,并非旨在作为历史记载。根据单词首字母以及句意“虚构”以及上文介词of,可知应填名词fiction,“a work of fiction”为固定搭配,意为“虚构作品”,fiction为不可数名词,在句中作介词of的宾语。故填fiction。
7.He (推断) from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
【答案】inferred
【详解】考查动词。句意:他从这篇文章中推断出飞行员对这起事故负有责任。根据汉语提示“推断”可知,用动词infer。事情发生在过去,时态应用一般过去时,谓语用过去式inferred。故填inferred。
8.Although Einstein was the better p , Hilbert was the better mathematician.
【答案】physicist/hysicist
【详解】考查名词。句意:虽然爱因斯坦是更出色的物理学家,但希尔伯特是更优秀的数学家。根据句意和首字母可知,此空应填physicist,表“物理学家”,为可数名词,且由主语Einstein可知,这里应用单数形式作表语。故填physicist。
9.We already do hours of sport, including (田径运动).
【答案】athletics
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们已经进行了大量的体育锻炼,包括田径运动。根据汉语提示可知用名词athletics,作宾语,不可数。故填athletics。
10.Mothers are often the ones who provide e support for the family.
【答案】emotional/motional
【详解】考查形容词。句意:母亲常常是为家庭提供情感支持的人。根据首字母“e”及语境,这里需用形容词emotional,表示“情感的”,在句中作定语,修饰名词support。故填emotional。
11.He was a (高尚的) man who was always willing to help others.
【答案】noble
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他是一个高尚的人,总是乐于助人。根据汉语提示“高尚的”以及空后的名词man可知,此处应填形容词noble,作定语修饰名词man。 故填noble。
12.There’s a reasonable (可能性) that his debts will be paid.
【答案】prospect
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的债务有望得到偿还。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词prospect“可能性”作主语,满足句意要求。故填prospect。
13.He didn’t get a (像样的) explanation.
【答案】decent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他没有得到一个像样的解释。根据汉语意思提示可知,“像样的”对应的英文单词是“decent”,它是形容词,在句中作定语修饰名词“explanation”,符合语境。故填decent。
14.It was not until I completed the form that I realized that half the questions were not r to me.
【答案】relevant/elevant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:直到填完表格,我才意识到有一半的问题与我无关。根据首字母提示可知,此处使用形容词relevant,意为“相关的”,作表语,be relevant to为固定短语,意为“与……相关”。故填relevant。
15.I have yet to think of a (食谱) that is not in their database.
【答案】recipe
【详解】考查名词。句意:我还没有想到有任何一种食谱不在他们的数据库之列的。根据汉语提示和空格前的不定冠词a可知,空格处应该用单数名词recipe作宾语。故填recipe。
16.Experience is (极其重要的) for this job.
【答案】essential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:经验对这项工作至关重要。根据汉语提示可知,空处需要形容词essential“极其重要的”,在句中作表语,符合题意。故填essential。
17.The problem of drug (滥用) should be paid more attention to.
【答案】abuse
【详解】考查名词。句意:药物滥用问题应得到更多关注。根据汉语提示“滥用”可知,空处应填名词abuse,构成名词短语drug abuse,表示“药物滥用”,作宾语。故填abuse。
18.Now that you’re in charge of the department, you are (肯定会)to carry out the plan.
【答案】bound
【详解】考查形容词。句意:既然你负责这个部门,就必须执行这项计划。空处作表语,结合汉语提示可知,形容词bound符合,be bound to do“一定会做某事”。故填bound。
19.Unable to resist the (冲动), he glanced at the sea again.
【答案】impulse
【详解】考查名词。句意:他抑制不住自己的冲动,又看了一眼大海。空格处用名词作宾语,“冲动”是impulse,表特指,应用单数。故填impulse。
20.Evidence shows that smoking harms nearly every o of the body.
【答案】organ/rgan
【详解】考查名词。句意:有证据表明,吸烟会对人体几乎所有的器官造成损害。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用名词organ,作宾语,every后跟单数名词。故填organ。
21.N cells have limited ability to regenerate if destroyed.
【答案】Nerve/erve
【详解】考查名词。句意:神经细胞如果被破坏,再生能力有限。根据句意及首字母N可知,此处使用名词nerve“神经”,修饰cells,作定语,句首单词,首字母需大写。故填Nerve。
22.Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food (摄入量) more accurately.
【答案】intake
【详解】考查名词。句意:写日记可以帮助你更准确地计算出每日的食物摄入量。根据汉语提示“摄入量”可知,此处使用名词intake,作work out的宾语。故填intake。
23.Whenever you move to a new area, you should (找出……的准确位置) the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
【答案】locate
【详解】考查动词。句意:无论何时你搬到一个新的地方,都应该找到消防报警拉绳装置以及离你房间最近的两个出口。“找出……的准确位置”是动词locate,should是情态动词,空格处用原形,故填locate。
24.It’s only a (纵横填字游戏) puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.
【答案】crossword
【详解】考查名词。句意:这只是一个填字游戏,可以帮助我增加词汇量。“纵横填字游戏”是crossword,作定语,修饰puzzle,故填crossword。
25.The men were arrested but not brought to t .
【答案】trial/rial
【详解】考查名词。句意:这些人被逮捕了,但没有被带到法庭审判。空处应填入名词作宾语,根据首字母和句意可知,trial“审判,审讯”,符合句意。故填trial。
26.He is optimistic that his government will be able to manage the (爆发) effectively.
【答案】outbreak
【详解】考查名词。句意:他乐观地认为他的政府能够有效地应对这次爆发。根据句意及汉语提示可知,此处使用名词outbreak,作manage的宾语。故填outbreak。
27.They started looking for ways to increase their profits and called in a c .
【答案】consultant/onsultant
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们开始寻找增加利润的方法,并请来了一位顾问。根据句意以及首字母提示可知,此处为名词consultant“顾问”,作宾语,结合空前有不定冠词“a”,用单数形式。故填consultant。
28.I find the book with the help of the l .
【答案】librarian/ibrarian
【详解】考查名词。句意:我在图书管理员的帮助下找到了这本书。根据句意以及首字母提示,空处应用名词librarian,表示“图书管理员”,作介词of的宾语,此处指某一个图书管理员,应用单数形式。故填librarian。
29.In her younger days, my mother had been a successful (女推销员).
【答案】saleswoman
【详解】考查名词。句意:我母亲年轻时曾是一位成功的推销员。“女推销员”是saleswoman,空前有a,空格处用单数,故填saleswoman。
30.Each circle (象征性地) represents the whole of humanity.
【答案】symbolically
【详解】考查副词。句意:每个圆圈象征性地代表着全人类。“象征性地”修饰动词represents,用副词symbolically作状语。故填symbolically。
31.The state maintains a (数据库) of names of people allowed to vote.
【答案】database
【详解】考查名词。句意:该州维护着一份有投票资格人员的数据库。“数据库”对应的英文单词是database,空前有不定冠词a,所以用单数形式,在句中作宾语。故填database。
32.Statistically our chances of being the v of violent crime are remote.
【答案】victims/ictims
【详解】考查名词。句意:从统计数据来看,我们成为暴力犯罪受害者的几率微乎其微。空处作being的表语,结合“of violent crime”和首字母提示可推知,victim“受害者”符合题意,表示“成为暴力犯罪受害者”,且结合“our chances”可知,victim应用复数形式。故填victims。
33.He had attempted to rescue the (溺水) man.
【答案】drowning
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他曾试图营救那个溺水的人。“溺水的”英文为drowning ,在句中作定语,故填drowning。
34.Failure can lay s foundation for your future success.
【答案】solid/olid
【详解】考查形容词。句意:失败能为你未来的成功打下坚实的基础。这里需要一个形容词修饰名词,结合首字母提示可知,solid(坚实的;牢固的)符合要求,lay a solid foundation for...意为“为……打下坚实的基础”。故填solid。
35.The wheels started to (下沉) into the mud.
【答案】sink
【详解】考查动词。句意:轮子开始陷进泥里。根据汉语提示“下沉”可知,此处用动词sink,且位于不定式符号to后,用动词原形。故填sink。
36.The flowers were gently swaying in the (微风).
【答案】breeze
【详解】考查名词。句意:花儿在微风中轻轻摇曳。“微风”对应的英文单词是breeze,是不可数名词,在句中作“in”的宾语。故填breeze。
37.When you (挥手) to a friend who is across the street, you are using sign language.
【答案】wave
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当你向街对面的朋友挥手时,你在使用手语。“挥手”是wave,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语是you,空格处用原形,故填wave。
38.Ben continued to (盯着看) out the window.
【答案】stare
【详解】考查动词。句意:Ben继续盯着窗外看。根据汉语提示“盯着看”以及空前的不定式符号to可知,此处应填动词原形stare,stare out the window意为“盯着窗外看”。故填stare。
39.Stores spend more and more on (犯罪活动) prevention every year.
【答案】crime
【详解】考查名词。句意:商店每年在预防犯罪活动上的花费越来越多。根据汉语提示“犯罪活动”以及空后的名词prevention可知,此处应填名词crime,作定语修饰prevention,crime prevention为固定短语,意为“犯罪预防”。故填crime。
40.Doctors study the (结构) of the human body.
【答案】structure
【详解】考查名词。句意:医生们研究人体结构。“结构”常见英文单词为structure,这里特指人体结构,用单数形式,在句中作宾语。故填structure。
41.It causes blindness or serious loss of (视力).
【答案】vision
【详解】考查名词。句意:它会导致失明或严重的视力丧失。根据汉语提示“视力”可知,本空用名词 vision,作介词of的宾语。故填vision。
42.I drove around the business (地区) yesterday.
【答案】district
【详解】考查名词。句意:昨天我开车在商业区转了转。根据汉语提示“地区”可知,本空用名词district,此处特指“商业区”,用单数形式,作around的宾语。故填district。
43.Shortly afterwards, police arrested four (嫌疑人) in yesterday's rob- bery.
【答案】suspects
【详解】考查名词。句意:不久之后,警方逮捕了昨天抢劫案中的四名嫌疑人。suspect意为“嫌疑人”,是可数名词,由four可知,要用复数形式suspects,在句中作宾语。故填suspects。
44.She wrapped a (手帕) around her bleeding palm in an effort to protect it.
【答案】handkerchief
【详解】考查名词。句意:她用手帕包住流血的手掌,试图保护它。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词handkerchief“手帕”作宾语,满足句意要求。故填handkerchief。
45.What they had in mind at the (至关重要的,关键的) moment was the national interest.
【答案】crucial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在关键时刻,他们所考虑的却是国家利益。根据汉语提示和空格后的名词moment可知,空格处应该用形容词crucial作定语,修饰下文的名词moment。故填crucial。
46.I have been interested in stars since my childhood, so my dream is to become an a .
【答案】astronomer/stronomer
【详解】考查名词。句意:我自幼就对星星充满兴趣,所以我的梦想就是成为一名天文学家。根据上文的I have been interested in stars和首字母a以及空格前的不定冠词an可知,空格处应该用单数名词astronomer“天文学家”作表语。故填astronomer。
47.The (幕布) is about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
【答案】curtain
【详解】考查名词。句意:幕布即将拉开,几分钟后,剧情和对话将为你讲述这个故事。根据汉语提示“幕布”可知应填名词curtain,此处作主语,结合后文的is可知名词应用单数形式。故填curtain。
48.Candidates will also have to produce a range of (文学的) works, such as a short story or poem.
【答案】literary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:考生还必须创作一系列文学作品,如短篇小说或诗歌。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填形容词literary“文学的”,作定语修饰名词works。故填literary。
49.She started as a secretary but finally had the ability to run the (部门).
【答案】department
【详解】考查名词。句意:她起初是一名秘书,但最终有能力管理这个部门了。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“部门”应用department,作宾语,为可数名词,再由语境可知,这里应用单数形式指她所在的那一个部门。故填department。
50.All the (申请人) for the chairman of the Student Union must send in your profile before Jan.22.
【答案】applicants
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:所有申请学生会主席职位的人必须在1月22日之前提交您的个人资料。根据空前All和汉语提示可知,空处应用表示“申请人”的名词复数形式applicants,作主语。故填applicants。
二、单句语填50题
51.With the (improve ) of living levels, people are paying more and more attention to healthy lifestyles.
【答案】improvement
【详解】考查名词。句意:随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越关注健康的生活方式。此处为名词作介词With的宾语,improve为动词,意为“提高,改善”,其名词形式为improvement,意为“提高,改善”,是不可数名词,符合语境。故填improvement。
52. Their military capability (reduce) because their air force proves not to be effective.
【答案】has been reduced
【详解】考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意:他们的军事能力已经被削弱了,因为他们的空军被证明并不有效。reduce(削弱)作主句谓语,与主语“Their military capability”之间是被动关系,强调已经发生的事情对现在的影响,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,主语是不可数名词,谓语用单数。故填has been reduced。
53.A large number of books (steal) from the library so far.
【答案】have been stolen
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:到目前为止,有大量的书被偷自图书馆。根据时间状语“so far”可知,使用现在完成时,且主语books与谓语steal之间是被动关系,主语为复数名词,助动词用have。故填have been stolen。
54.More than admiring scenery, the mentor told children (identify) rocks and some plant species in the reserve.
【答案】to identify
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:导师告诉孩子们,除了欣赏风景,还要识别保护区里的岩石和一些植物物种。tell sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“告诉某人做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to identify。
55.China currently dominates the rare earth (mine) market and the auto industry has long relied on the country to source EV batteries.
【答案】mineral
【详解】考查名词。句意:中国目前主导着稀土矿市场,汽车行业长期以来一直依赖中国来采购电动汽车电池。the rare earth mineral market 意为“稀土矿市场”,mineral为名词“矿物”,为名词作定语。故填mineral。
56.There are things you can do (ease) this problem.
【答案】to ease
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。根据语意可知,此处说明“做些事情”的目的是“缓解这个问题”,应用ease的动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to ease。
57.Something that is (depress) makes you feel sad and disappointed.
【答案】depressing
【详解】考查形容词。句意:令人沮丧的事情会让你感到悲伤和失望。分析句子可知,所给词 “depress”是动词,意为“使沮丧”。句中需要一个形容词作表语,修饰“something”(指物)。“depressing”是形容词,意为“令人沮丧的”,用于描述事物的性质,符合语境“令人沮丧的事情会让你感到悲伤和失望”。而“depressed”也是形容词,但通常用于描述人的感受(“感到沮丧的”),此处不适用。故填depressing。
58.You can rely on Tom to help you out, because he is a (rely) person.
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你可以指望汤姆帮你摆脱困境,因为他是一个可靠的人。设空处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词person,表示“可靠的”应用reliable。故填reliable。
59.Science means (system) knowledge possessed as a result of practice and study.
【答案】systematic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:科学是指通过实践和学习所获得的系统知识。此处修饰名词“knowledge”,需用形容词作定语,system是名词,意为“系统”,其形容词形式是systematic,意为“系统的”,符合语境。故填systematic。
60.This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never (normal) consider buying.
【答案】normally
【详解】考查副词。句意:这个极具吸引力的价格鼓励我尝试许多过去通常绝不会考虑购买的书籍。所填词作状语修饰动词consider,要用副词形式。normal是形容词,对应的副词要在词尾加-ly。故填normally。
61.When the computer is stopped in this way, it can only be restarted by the (operate).
【答案】operator
【详解】考查名词。句意:当电脑以这种方式停止运行时,只能由操作人员重新启动它。此时需要一个表示人的名词作宾语。operate是动词,意为“操作”,其名词形式operator表示“操作员” 。结合语境可知,用单数形式operator。故填operator。
62.The number of students attending this course (increase) greatly so far.
【答案】has increased
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,参加这门课程的学生人数大大增加了。根据so far可知使用现在完成时,The number of...作主语时,谓语动词用单数,而a number of...后谓语动词用复数。故填has increased。
63.He has (write) five books since he graduated from college.
【答案】written
【详解】考查时态。句意:自从他大学毕业以来,他已经写了五本书。since he graduated from college(自从他大学毕业以来)表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的时间段,常与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”,结合空前has,空处应填write的过去分词written。故填written。
64.Prices have been rising (steady) in the past few years.
【答案】steadily
【详解】考查副词。句意:在过去的几年里,物价一直在稳步上涨。设空处修饰动词rising,应用副词作状语,故填steadily。
65.You can ask him about this question, for he is a (special) in this subject.
【答案】specialist
【详解】考查名词。句意:你可以问他这个问题,因为他是这方面的专家。空处应用名词作表语,special的名词形式为specialist“专家”,由a可知,应用单数形式,a specialist in...“……方面的专家”。故填specialist。
66.Whenever in trouble, religion gave him a sense of (secure).
【答案】security
【详解】考查名词。句意:每当遇到困难时,宗教会给他一种安全感。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语,secure的名词形式为security“安全”,a sense of security为固定短语,意为“安全感”。故填security。
67.Everyone has a physical (disable) more or less when they grow old.
【答案】disability
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个人在变老的时候或多或少都会有身体上的残疾。名词disability,表示“残疾;缺陷”,在本句中作has的宾语,符合语境。再根据a可知,用单数形式。故填disability。
68.The new bridge over the river is still under (construct).
【答案】construction
【详解】考查名词。句意:河上的新桥还在建造中,空处应填名词作介词under的宾语,under construction“在修建中”,故填construction。
69.The earlier the (treat) is given, the better the patient’s chances.
【答案】treatment
【详解】考查名词。句意:治疗进行得越早,病人康复的机会就越大。此空用于定冠词the之后,应填名词treatment作主语,表示“治疗、医治”,符合语境。故填treatment。
70.The old teacher has (teach) in this school for thirty years.
【答案】taught
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:这位老教师已经在这所学校教了三十年书。句中有助动词“has”,结合时间状语“for thirty years”(持续了三十年),可知此处需用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has + 动词的过去分词”,所给词“teach”为动词,意为“教”,其过去分词形式是“taught”,符合语境。故填taught。
71.The clock has (strike) twelve. It’s really time to leave now.
【答案】struck
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:钟已经敲了十二点了。现在真的该走了。根据语境和句子结构可知,此处为现在完成时,表示到目前为止已经完成或发生的动作,其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,空前已有助动词has,所以空处应用strike的过去分词形式。故填struck。
72.It’s time to go back home now, for the sun has (sink) in the west.
【答案】sunk
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:现在该回家了,因为太阳已经西沉了。设空处为谓语动词的一部分,根据句中助动词has可知,此处应用现在完成时,其结构为“has+过去分词”,sink的过去分词是sunk。故填sunk。
73.These (shelf) are not enough for the books you’ve collected.
【答案】shelves
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:这些书架对于你收集的书来说不够用。此处为名词作主语,根据空前的“These”可知,此处需要用可数名词的复数形式,shelf为可数名词,意为“书架”,其复数形式是shelves。故填shelves。
74.He still hasn’t (pay) me the money he borrowed two years ago.
【答案】paid
【详解】考查时态。句意:他还没有还我两年前借的钱。空处应填过去分词和前面的hasn’t构成现在完成时,故填paid。
75.And your speech on Irish literature and social development that day was really (impress).
【答案】impressive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你那天关于爱尔兰文学和社会发展的演讲令人印象深刻。空处应填形容词作表语,impressive“令人印象深刻的”,形容词,故填impressive。
76.In addition, I am also a good (photograph), which might be useful for some of the articles.
【答案】photographer
【详解】考查名词。句意:此外,我还是一名出色的摄影师,这或许能为一些文章提供帮助。作表语,表示“摄影师”用名词photographer,不定冠词提示用单数。故填photographer。
77.I think students should help their parents do housework at home, which can help them promote (emotion) communication among family.
【答案】emotional
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我认为学生应该在家帮助父母做家务,这有助于促进家庭成员之间的情感交流。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词communication,“情感的”是emotional。故填emotional。
78.At the same time, we should see that there are some problems caused by bicycle sharing, whose (manage) is not perfect.
【答案】management
【详解】考查名词。句意:同时,我们也应该注意到,自行车共享模式在运营方面存在一些问题,其管理尚不完善。结合空格前的whose,可知空格处作从句的主语,应用名词management,不可数。故填management。
79.For another, recycling textbooks can release the (finance) burden of society and individuals.
【答案】financial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:另一方面,回收利用教科书能够减轻社会和个人的经济负担。修饰名词burden,用形容词financial“财政的,金融的”,作定语。故填financial。
80.Hearing that Chinese Language (associate) is recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming Chinese students, I am gladly writing to apply for this job.
【答案】Association
【详解】考查名词。句意:得知中国语言协会正在招募一些志愿者来迎接即将到来的中国学生,我非常高兴地写信申请这份工作。空处应用名词,作主语;association为名词,表示“协会”,Chinese Language Association表示“中国语言协会”,为专有名词,首字母应用大写。故填Association。
81.The shop (assist) received me indifferently while leaning on a counter.
【答案】assistant
【详解】考查名词。句意:店员靠着柜台,冷淡地接待了我。空后为谓语动词received,所以此处需用名词作主语,所给词“assist”为动词,意为“帮助”,其名词形式是assistant,意为“助手;店员”,shop assistant意为“店员”,结合句意用单数。故填assistant。
82.After he was (official) pronounced the world's oldest man, he offered this simple formula for a long and happy life.
【答案】officially
【详解】考查副词。句意:在他被正式宣布为世界上最长寿的人之后,他提出了一个简单的长寿和幸福生活的公式。修饰动词pronounced,需用副词形式。故填officially。
83.At the same time, we should see that there are some problems caused by bicycle sharing. Its (manage) is not perfect.
【答案】management
【详解】考查名词。句意:同时,我们应该看到共享单车引发了一些问题。它的管理并不完善。名词management作主语。不可数名词。故填management。
84.Since 1748, Pompeii (dig) systematically from its silent resting place.
【答案】has been dug
【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:自1748年以来,庞贝古城就一直在其安静的安息之地被有计划地系统性挖掘。根据时间状语Since 1748可知,句子应使用现在完成时;主语Pompeii与动词dig之间是被动关系,故句子应用现在完成时的被动语态;主语Pompeii是单数,助动词应用has。故填has been dug。
85.By the end of June 2023, Stephen Curry (win) the NBA Championship four times.
【答案】had won
【详解】考查时态。句意:截至2023年6月底,斯蒂芬·库里的NBA总冠军头衔已累计获得四次。设空处作谓语,Stephen Curry作主语;由时间状语By the end of June 2023可知,本句表示动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时,故填had won。
86.Volunteers (class) and answer the questions raised by parents and post answers on their social media account.
【答案】classify
【详解】考查动词。句意:志愿者对家长提出的问题进行分类和回答,并在自己的社交媒体账户上发布答案。设空处与answer,post作并列谓语,应用提示词的动词形式classify“分类”,句子陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语为复数,故设空处应用动词原形。故填classify。
87.How could I (just) sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare.
【答案】justify
【详解】考查动词。句意:我怎么能证明坐在那里什么都不做是正当的呢?我们都是人类,我们都有责任照顾彼此的福祉。根据句意可知,此处需要一个动词,表达“为……找理由、证明…… 合理”的含义。所给词“just” 是副词,其对应的动词形式“justify”符合语义,且“could”后接动词原形,因此填“justify”。故填justify。
88.A dog that is afraid will lie on its back and close its eyes. The dog may show its teeth and (low) its body so that it is close to the ground.
【答案】lower
【详解】考查动词原形。句意:一只害怕的狗会躺在地上,闭上眼睛。狗可能会露出牙齿,放低身体,使其贴近地面。根据“may show its teeth and”可知,and连接并列的谓语动词,空处也应用动词原形,lower为low的动词,意为“降低”,符合题意。故填lower。
89.If each human being (strike) blind and deaf for a few days during his early adult life, I think it might be a piece of good fortune.
【答案】were stricken/were struck
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果每个人在成年早期都有几天失明或失聪,我想这可能是一件好事。strike与each human being是被动关系,所以用被动语态。If引导的虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词要用一般过去时,be 动词要用were。故填were stricken/struck。
90.Two (suspect) in connection with the case are now being interrogated(审讯).
【答案】suspects
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:与该案有关的两名嫌疑人目前正在接受审讯。本空作句子主语,由Two可知,应用名词suspect“嫌疑人”的复数形式。故填suspects。
91.Before birth, babies can tell the (differ) between loud sounds and voices.
【答案】difference
【详解】考查名词。句意:在出生前,婴儿就能辨别出响亮的声音和人声之间的区别。根据句意和空格前的动词tell可知,空格处应该用名词difference作宾语。故填difference。
92.While civilizations in the world differ one another in their length of history, none of them is superior to any other.
【答案】from
【详解】考查介词。句意:尽管世界上的各个文明在历史延续时间上各不相同,但它们之间并没有哪一种文明比其他文明更优越。differ from“与……不同”是固定搭配。故填from。
93.She left with the (remain) 20 dollars.
【答案】remaining
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她带着剩下的20美元离开了。本空修饰20 dollars,应用形容词remaining“剩余的”,作前置定语。故填remaining。
94.The survey shows that one in three marriages ends divoice.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:调查显示,三分之一的婚姻以离婚告终。end in是固定搭配,意为“以……告终”。故填in。
95.He said the lucky woman will (announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.
【答案】be announced
【详解】考查语态。句意:他说,这位幸运儿的身份将会在网站上公布,而此次旅行也将在网上进行分享。主语woman与谓语announce构成被动关系,结合will可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填be announced。
96.Without experience, you have no basis for any (predict).
【答案】prediction
【详解】考查名词。句意:没有经验,你就没有任何预测的依据。此处应用名词prediction,表示“预测”,作介词for的宾语。故填prediction。
97.The (continue) development of technology has greatly changed our daily lives in many aspects.
【答案】continuous
【详解】考查形容词。句意为:技术的持续发展在许多方面极大地改变了我们的日常生活。这里要用形容词continuous表示“持续不断的”,在句中作定语修饰development。故填continuous。
98.A computer does complicated (calculate) in a few seconds.
【答案】calculations
【详解】考查名词。句意:一台计算机在几秒钟内就能完成复杂的计算。作宾语,用名词calculation,使用名词复数表示泛指。故填calculations。
99.Anything you say may be used evidence against you.
【答案】as
【详解】考查介词。句意:你所说的任何话都可能被用作不利于你的证据。“be used as”是固定表达,意为“被用作……”,介词as意为“作为”,符合语境。故填as。
100.They’ve destroyed all the (evident).
【答案】evidence
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们已经销毁了所有的证据。设空处作destroy宾语,使用evident的名词evidence作宾语,意为“证据,根据”,为不可数名词。故填evidence。
考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.When you are finished typing, remember to save your (文档).
【答案】document
【详解】考查名词。句意:打完字后,记得保存文档。根据汉语提示“文档”可知,用名词document,此处为特指,用单数形式,作save的宾语。故填document。
2.He is one of the nation’s (最著名的) scientists.
【答案】premier
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他是该国最著名的科学家之一。根据汉语提示“最著名的”可知,此处为形容词premier,作前置定语,修饰名词scientists。故填premier。
3.The (准确性) of the weather forecast allowed us to plan the picnic perfectly.
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意:天气预报的准确性使我们能够完美地计划野餐。表示“准确性”使用名词accuracy,为不可数名词,作主语,故填accuracy。
4.We hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the (科学的) and scholarly study of emotion.
【答案】scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们希望这样的关注能激发人们对情感的科学和学术研究产生更大的兴趣。根据汉语提示“科学的”,用形容词scientific作定语。故填scientific。
5.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic (垃圾) , forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to singleuse plastic products.
【答案】garbage
【详解】考查名词。句意:他用塑料垃圾制作大型雕塑,迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。根据汉语提示“垃圾”,这里应填名词garbage,plastic garbage表示“塑料垃圾”,作介词of的宾语。故填garbage。
6.During the most (多产的) time in her career, she wrote five novels.
【答案】productive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在她职业生涯的最辉煌时期,她创作了五部小说。根据汉语提示可知用形容词最高级most productive,修饰名词time。故填productive。
7.Sport has become an important form of (娱乐) , appealing to both men and women.
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:体育运动已经成为一种重要的娱乐形式,对男女都有吸引力。空处作介词of的宾语,结合汉语提示可知,名词entertainment符合题意,此处表示娱乐的统称,为不可数名词。故填entertainment。
8.In a wired world with (持续不断的) global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
【答案】constant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在一个全球通信不断的有线世界里,我们都有能力看到天才的闪光,无论他们出现在哪里。名词communication前用形容词修饰。形容词“持续不断的”英文为constant。根据汉语提示及句意,故填constant。
9.It was generous of him to (捐献) a great deal of money to the poor.
【答案】donate
【详解】考查动词。句意:他慷慨大方,捐了一大笔钱给穷人。it be+adj.+ of sb to do sth.“某人做某事是……”是固定句型,it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语,故空处应填动词原形;结合汉语提示可知,动词donate符合题意。故填donate。
10.In China, packets of cigarettes come with a government health (警告) attached to them.
【答案】warning
【详解】考查名词。句意:在中国,香烟的包装盒上都附有政府的健康警示。空处作介词with的宾语,结合汉语提示可知,名词warning符合题意,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填warning。
11.To make a (投诉) you will need to go through the official channels.
【答案】complaint
【详解】考查名词。句意:要投诉,你需要通过官方渠道。空处作宾语,结合汉语提示可知,名词complaint符合题意,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填complaint。
12.The draft lists some specific measures to deal with such (事件).
【答案】incident
【详解】考查名词。句意:草案列出了一些处理此类事件的具体措施。根据汉语提示“事件”可知,此处为名词incident,结合空前的such可知,此处应用单数形式,作介词with的宾语。故填incident。
13.He went to the desk to (询问) and make a reservation.
【答案】inquire
【详解】考查动词。句意:他走到服务台询问并预订。根据汉语提示“询问”以及空格前的to可知,此处应填动词原形inquire,与后文“make a reservation”构成并列结构,共同作目的状语。故填inquire。
14.You look so good that there is no need to lose weight and be (惭愧的) of your body.
【答案】ashamed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你看起来很好,没有必要减肥,也没有必要为自己的身材感到羞愧。空处作表语,结合汉语提示可知,形容词ashamed符合题意,be ashamed of“对……感到羞愧”是固定搭配。故填ashamed。
15.We will prepare for our (离开) as soon as we get the approval.
【答案】departure
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们一获得批准,就会为出发做准备。空处作宾语,根据汉语提示可知,名词departure符合题意,抽象概念,不可数。故填departure。
16.The question of what we know and do not know constantly (使苦恼) me.
【答案】bothered
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们知道什么和不知道什么的问题一直困扰着我。空处作主句谓语动词,结合汉语提示可知,动词bother符合题意,句子陈述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填bothered。
17.IP addresses are the unique sequence of numbers (分配) to each computer, websites or other Internet-connected devices.
【答案】assigned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:IP地址是分配给每台计算机、网站或其他联网设备的唯一数字序列。根据汉语提示“分配”,此处应用动词assign。numbers与assign之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词assigned作定语。故填assigned。
18.To (协商) for more pay has always been what we expect.
【答案】negotiate
【详解】考查动词。句意:谈判加薪一直是我们的期望。空处应填动词原形和to构成不定式,作主语,结合汉语提示可知,动词negotiate符合题意。故填negotiate。
19.The noises from the square are always (干扰,打扰) our night life.
【答案】disturbing
【详解】考查动词。句意:广场上的噪音总是会干扰我们的夜间生活。根据汉语提示可知用动词disturb,结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填disturbing。
20.It is the first time that I have ignored my son’s (请求)。
【答案】request
【详解】考查名词。句意:这是我第一次忽略儿子的请求。“ignore one’s + 名词”表示“忽略某人的……”,此处需填“请求”的名词形式。“request”作为名词时,既可表示具体的请求(可数),也可表示抽象概念(不可数),此处 “儿子的请求” 为具体行为,用单数形式。故填request。
21.Such a great contribution did Yuan Longping make that he was awarded the Medal of the (共和国).
【答案】Republic
【详解】考查名词。句意:袁隆平做出了如此巨大的贡献,被授予共和国勋章。根据汉语提示“共和国”以及上文the Medal of the可知,此处应填名词Republic,构成专有名词the Medal of the Republic“共和国勋章”,首字母大写。故填Republic。
22.I tried to drag myself out of the morass (困境) of (绝望).
【答案】despair
【详解】考查名词。句意:我试图将自己从绝望的泥沼中拽出来。汉语提示“绝望”对应英文名词“despair”,指极度沮丧、失去希望的状态。“of +名词”结构中,“despair”为不可数名词。故填despair。
23.If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to (查明) what is below the water surface.
【答案】investigate
【详解】考查动词。句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,一定要查明水面下有什么。根据汉语提示“查明”可知,应填动词investigate,且上文为短语be sure to do sth.,应填动词原形。故填investigate。
24.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per (一家人) in 1992 to 13 in 2007.
【答案】household
【详解】考查名词。句意:每户家庭拥有的电子设备平均数从1992年的4台上升到了2007年的13台。空处需要填入一个名词作介词per的宾语,根据汉语提示词,表示“一家人”可使用英文可数名词household,又因其在per(意为“每,每一”)后,应使用单数形式。故填household。
25.That is the only French (成语,习语) I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
【答案】idiom
【详解】考查名词。句意:那是我掌握的唯一一句法语习语,可惜我不怎么用得上。汉语提示 “成语,习语” 对应英文名词 “idiom”,指某一语言中独特的固定表达或短语。空格前“the only” 提示用单数形式。故填idiom。
26.We are still in (分歧,争论) about the English speech contest.
【答案】disagreement
【详解】考查名词。句意:关于英语演讲比赛,我们仍然存在分歧。根据汉语提示“分歧,争论”可知,本空用名词disagreement,作in的宾语。故填disagreement。
27.The distribution center where he works receives thousands of (包裹) every day.
【答案】parcels
【详解】考查名词。句意:他工作的配送中心每天收到数千个包裹。根据汉语提示“包裹”可知,本空用名词parcel,由thousands of可知,此处用名词复数形式,作receives的宾语。故填parcels。
28.He was an (孤儿) and lived with his uncle.
【答案】orphan
【详解】考查名词。句意:他是个孤儿,和叔叔住在一起。根据汉语提示“孤儿”以及上文an可知,此处应填名词单数orphan作表语。故填orphan。
29.The incident (表明) the need for better security measures.
【答案】illustrates
【详解】考查动词。句意:这一事件表明需要采取更好的安全措施。根据汉语提示可知,空格处应该用动词illustrate作谓语,句子描述客观情况,用一般现在时;主语是单数形式,谓语动词用三单形式。故填illustrates。
30.The last five years have seen a consistent (改善) in the country’s economy.
【答案】improvement
【详解】考查名词。句意:过去五年来,这个国家的经济持续改善。空格处需要填名词作宾语,结合汉语提示可知,此处为名词improvement“改善”,为可数名词,根据空前的“a consistent”可知,此处应用单数形式。故填improvement。
31.I struggled through the (一群) of people to the exit.
【答案】mass
【详解】考查名词。句意:我挣扎着穿过人群来到出口。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词mass“一群”作宾语,满足句意要求。故填mass。
32.I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to (沸腾).
【答案】boil
【详解】考查动词。句意:我站在厨房里,等着水沸腾。根据汉语提示“沸腾”可知,空格处涉及单词“boil”,意为“沸腾”,动词词性,不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填boil。
33.Further treatment will (阻止) cancer from developing.
【答案】prevent
【详解】考查动词。句意:进一步的治疗将阻止癌症的发展。“阻止”为动词prevent,由will可知,应用动词原形,故填prevent。
34.It is a (巧合) that you and I were born on the same day.
【答案】coincidence
【详解】考查名词。句意:你和我出生在同一天,这是一个巧合。根据汉语提示“巧合”以及上文a可知,此处应填可数名词单数coincidence作表语。故填coincidence。
35.Can you give me a (线索)? Just a little one.
【答案】clue
【详解】考查名词。句意:你能给我一个线索吗?只是一个小线索。根据汉语提示“线索”可知,空格处涉及单词“clue”,意为“线索”,为可数名词,不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数,作宾语。故填clue。
36.Far away from each other, the two sisters (通信) every week.
【答案】correspond
【详解】考查动词。句意:这两姐妹虽然相距遥远,但每周都通信。空处作谓语,“通信”应用动词correspond,结合“every week”可知,时态应用一般现在时,描述通常发生的行为,主语the two sisters为复数,correspond应保持原形。故填correspond。
37.The two countries signed an agreement to jointly launch (卫星).
【答案】satellites
【详解】考查名词。句意:两国签署协议联合发射卫星。“卫星”应用名词satellite,作launch的宾语,且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语,可数名词satellite应用复数形式,表泛指。故填satellites。
38.His (提议) that these tickets should be available for one month is quite acceptable.
【答案】proposal
【详解】考查名词。句意:他提出的这些票的有效期为一个月的建议是可以接受的。根据汉语提示“提议”可知,应填名词proposal,作主语,此处为特指,应用单数形式。故填proposal。
39.After class we talked a lot and became (立刻的) friends.
【答案】instant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:下课后我们聊了很多,很快就成了朋友。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词friends,“立刻的”的形容词是instant,故填instant。
40.Speech is the fastest method of (交流, 交际)between people.
【答案】communication
【详解】考查名词。句意:言语是人们之间交流的最快方式。根据汉语提示“交流,交际”以及句子结构可知,此处应用名词communication,of为介词,后跟名词作宾语,communication为不可数名词,故填communication。
41.His (发明) was clever, but not practical.
【答案】invention
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的发明很聪明,但不实用。空处作主语,“发明”应用名词invention,且系动词是was,invention应用单数形式。故填invention。
42.We (结束) our meeting at 9 o’clock yesterday evening.
【答案】concluded
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们昨天晚上 9 点结束了会议。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“结束”可用conclude,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且由at 9 o’clock yesterday evening可知,这里时态应用一般过去时。故填concluded。
43.She gave (不真实的) information to the insurance company.
【答案】false
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她向保险公司提供了虚假信息。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处表示“不真实的”为形容词false,作定语修饰information,满足句意要求。故填false。
44.All the articles are (要求) to be related to the students’ life.
【答案】requested
【详解】考查动词。句意:所有文章都被要求与学生生活相关。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“要求”应用request,为动词,且这里应用过去分词形式,与前面are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填requested。
45.As a (士兵), he showed selfless devotion to duty.
【答案】soldier
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为一名军人,他表现出无私的奉献精神。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处表示“士兵”为名词soldier,作宾语,满足句意要求。故填soldier。
46.The world would be watching to see how Africa’s leaders would (反应).
【答案】respond
【详解】考查时态。句意:全世界都在关注非洲领导人将如何应对。would是情态动词,空格处用动词原形,“反应”的动词是respond,句子是过去将来时,故填respond。
47.I made the choice to (退学) from college to care for my grandma.
【答案】withdraw
【详解】考查动词。句意:我选择从大学退学来照顾我的奶奶。根据汉语提示“退学”,以及上文made the choice to可知,此处应填动词原形,构成不定式作后置定语,修饰choice。动词withdraw意为“退出;退学”,符合语境。故填withdraw。
48.Those (逮捕) have been charged with public order offences.
【答案】arrested
【详解】考查动词。句意:那些被捕者已被指控犯有扰乱公共秩序罪。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“逮捕”应用arrest,为动词,在这里作非谓语,主语Those和arrest为被动关系,再由语境可知,此空应用过去分词作后置定语。故填arrested。
49.At first the new surroundings were difficult for me to (容忍) .
【答案】tolerate
【详解】考查动词。句意:起初,新环境对我来说难以容忍。根据汉语提示“容忍”和前文to可知,此处使用动词tolerate,使用动词原形形式与to构成动词不定式结构。故填tolerate。
50.The lawyer's advice led to the (解决) of this difficult problem.
【答案】resolution
【详解】考查名词。句意:律师的建议导致了这个难题的解决。根据汉语提示“解决”以及空前的定冠词the可知,此处应填名词resolution,作led to(导致)的宾语。故填resolution。
51.The young man lack self-confidence and (成熟, 老炼), feeling childish.
【答案】maturity
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个年轻人缺乏自信和成熟,感觉很幼稚。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词maturity“成熟”为不可数名词,作宾语,满足句意要求。故填maturity。
52.Drunk driving, which was once a (经常的) occurrence, is now under control.
【答案】frequent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:酒后驾驶曾经很常见,现在已得到控制。“经常的”使用形容词frequent,作定语修饰名词occurrence,符合题意。故填frequent。
53.In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong (关系,纽带) between two people.
【答案】bond
【详解】考查名词。句意:在一些文化中,友谊意味着两个人之间牢固的终身关系。“关系,纽带”使用名词bond,根据a可知用单数形式,作means的宾语。故填bond。
54. (继续做) with the test; continue with the next section.
【答案】Proceed
【详解】考查动词。句意:继续测试,继续下一部分。根据汉语提示“继续做”可知,此处可用动词proceed;本句为祈使句,所以空处应填动词原形,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Proceed。
55.Does the college (食堂) provide a healthful diet?
【答案】cafeteria
【详解】考查名词。句意:这所大学的食堂提供健康的饮食吗?此处为名词作主语,根据汉语提示“食堂”可知,应为名词cafeteria,college cafeteria表示“大学食堂”,由助动词“Does”可知,主语为单数形式。故填cafeteria。
56.To encourage students to exercise, the school has set up a new (体育场;运动场).
【答案】stadium
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了鼓励学生锻炼身体,学校建了一个新的体育馆。“体育场;运动场”应用名词stadium,作set up的宾语,且空前有不定冠词a,stadium应用单数形式。故填stadium。
57.If your sibling (兄弟;姐妹)continues making unwise choices, a formal (干预)by family members may be necessary.
【答案】intervention
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果你的兄弟姐妹继续做出不明智的选择,家庭成员的正式干预可能是必要的。空处作主句主语,结合汉语提示可知,名词intervention符合题意,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填intervention。
58.They spend their money on things like rent and (食品杂货).
【答案】groceries
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们把钱花在房租和食品杂货之类的东西上。“食品杂货”英文为grocery,通常使用其复数形式groceries,表泛指,作介词like的宾语。故填groceries。
59.It is no use crying over the s milk.
【答案】split/plit
【详解】考查非谓语动词词。句意:覆水难收。根据首字母提示及固定搭配,此处为split,表示“泼洒,分裂”,此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词milk,两者之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式split;It is no use crying over the split milk为固定谚语,意为“覆水难收”,符合句意。故填split。
60.Now that c (冲突) have come up, we need to think about how to resolve them quickly.
【答案】conflicts/onflicts
【详解】考查名词。句意:既然冲突已经出现,我们需要考虑如何快速解决它们。此处为名词作主语,根据汉语提示“冲突”及首字母“c”可知,应为名词conflict,结合句中谓语动词“have come up”可知,此处应为conflict的复数conflicts。故填conflicts。
二、单句语法填空50题
1.Recently a man-made satellite we launched (recover).
【答案】has been recovered
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:最近我们发射的一颗人造卫星已经回收了。句首有时间状语Recently,表示动作发生在过去且与现在相关,需用现在完成时,主语a man-made satellite为单数形式,与动词recover构成被动关系,故需用被动语态,结合两者,应使用现在完成时的被动语态,助动词用has。故填has been recovered。
2.So far, the three big crises (overcome) by the teenager and he is very strong now
【答案】have been overcome
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,这个少年已经克服了三大危机,他现在非常坚强。so far(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志,且crises(危机,复数)与overcome(克服)是被动关系,即危机被克服,所以要用现在完成时的被动语态have been overcome。故填have been overcome。
3.It was an incredible display of motherly love and (forgive).
【答案】forgiveness
【详解】考查名词。句意:这是一场令人难以置信的母爱和宽容的展现。and连接名词短语motherly love和空格处,可知空里要填名词。forgive的名词是forgiveness“宽容”。故填forgiveness。
4.Early exposure to multilingual environments is cognitively (benefit) for children’s neural development, enhancing problem-solving abilities and cultural adaptability.
【答案】beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:早期接触多语言环境对儿童的神经发育具有认知上的积极影响,能提升其解决问题的能力和文化适应能力。空处作表语,应用benefit的形容词形式beneficial,意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。
5.The (participate)are required to perform English programmes in 10 minutes.
【答案】participants
【详解】考查名词。句意:参与者被要求在十分钟内表演英语节目。空在句首作主语,要将动词participate变为名词participants (参与者)。be动词是are,名词要变为复数形式。故填participants。
6.Emerson was a (gift) writer and put many of his thoughts down on paper so people can still read them today.
【答案】gifted
【详解】考查形容词。句意:爱默生是一位有天赋的作家,他把自己的许多想法写在纸上,所以今天人们仍然可以读到。此处修饰名词“writer”,需用形容词作定语,gift是名词,意为“天赋”,其形容词形式gifted意为“有天赋的”,符合语境。故填gifted。
7.The woman hugged her daughter (firm) for fear that she would lose her again.
【答案】firmly
【详解】考查副词。句意:这位妇女紧紧地拥抱着自己的女儿,因为她生怕再次失去她。空格处修饰句中的动词hugged作状语,应该用副词firmly。故填firmly。
8.At that time, an unusual sign from the (murder) couple arrested the detective’s attention
【答案】murdered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当时,这对被谋杀的夫妇身上一个不寻常的迹象引起了侦探的注意。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词“couple”,murder是动词,意为“谋杀”,与couple之间为被动关系,所以此处使用其过去分词murdered。故填murdered。
9.Last week, my name tags (标牌) (sew) into the collar of my shirts by my mother.
【答案】were sewed/were sewn
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:上周,我妈妈把我的姓名牌缝在了我的衬衫领子上。根据时间状语“Last week”可知,此处为一般过去时,主语“my name tags”与动词“sew”之间是被动关系,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,主语是复数,be动词用“were”;“sew”的过去分词有两种形式,即“sewed”和“sewn”。故填were sewed/ sewn。
10.Use apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can (tie) to your identity.
【答案】be tied
【详解】考查情态动词的被动语态。句意:使用FaceTime或WhatsApp这样的应用程序,它们可以与你的身份绑定。which can______to your identity是which引导的非限制性定语从句,which替代先行词 FaceTime or WhatsApp,和tie为被动关系,需用被动语态,情态动词can后面需加动词原形。故填be tied。
11.With so many things (bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical advice.
【答案】bothering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:有这么多事情烦我,我希望你能给我一些实用的建议。句中构成with的复合结构,bother与其逻辑主语so many things之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填bothering。
12.If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers (occasional) laugh at his unusual methods.
【答案】occasionally
【详解】考查副词。句意:如果他似乎有点戒备,那可能是因为就连他的一些同事偶尔嘲笑他那些与众不同的做法。所填词作状语修饰动词laugh,要用副词,occasional的副词为occasionally,意为“偶尔”符合句意。故填occasionally。
13.Many people experience difficulty in paying off their (debt).
【答案】debts
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:许多人会遇到难以偿还债务的问题。根据上文Many people可知数量大于一,debt应用复数形式。故填debts。
14.The windows didn’t fit at the bottom, so for a while we (freeze) even in the middle of summer.
【答案】froze
【详解】考查时态。句意:窗户底部不合缝,所以有段时间即使盛夏时节我们也冻得瑟瑟发抖。由didn’t可知,句子时态是一般过去时,空格处用过去式froze,故填froze。
15.To her (amaze), she found that nearly all the neighbors came.
【答案】amazement
【详解】考查名词。句意:令她惊讶的是,她发现几乎所有的邻居都来了。作宾语,构成to one's amazement表示“令某人惊讶的是”。故填amazement。
16.He studied hard, and in (consequent)he passed the exam.
【答案】consequence
【详解】考查名词。句意:他学习很努力,结果他通过了考试。空处应用名词,作宾语;consequence为名词,表示“结果、后果”,介词短语in consequence表示“因此、结果”,符合句意。故填consequence。
17.That (encourage) helped me to get through the language barrier.
【答案】encouragement
【详解】考查名词。句意:那句鼓励的话语帮助我克服了语言障碍。此处为名词作主语,encourage为动词,意为“鼓励”,其名词形式是encouragement,意为“鼓励;激励”,符合语境。故填encouragement。
18.In 1975, grizzlies (list) under the Endangered Species Act.
【答案】were listed
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:1975年,灰熊被列入了《濒危物种法案》的保护范围。主语grizzlies与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文In 1975可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填were listed。
19.Because I (inspire) by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond.
【答案】was inspired
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:因为我被这迷人的景色所激励,所以我决定用水彩画下公园池塘上的那座小桥。分析句子可知,句中“because”引导原因状语从句,主语“I” 与谓语动词“inspire”之间是被动关系,即“我被激励”,因此需用被动语态(be + 过去分词)。结合主句的一般过去时(“decided”),从句也应用一般过去时,主语是“I”,be动词用 “was”,“inspire”的过去分词是“inspired”。故填was inspired。
20.There is an (evaluate) period for students at the end of each semester.
【答案】evaluation
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个学期末都有一个针对学生的评估期。空格前有不定冠词an,空格后接名词,因此需要将动词evaluate(评价)转换为名词形式evaluation(评价、评估)作定语。an evaluation period 表示 “一个评估阶段”。故填evaluation。
21. (addition), you can get a participant list and some meeting information.
【答案】Additionally
【详解】考查副词。此外,您还可以获得参与者列表和一些会议信息。副词additionally修饰整句。句首单词首字母大写,故填Additionally。
22.As they (attract) to the old town, they decided to stay a little longer.
【答案】were attracted
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:由于他们被这个古镇所吸引,他们决定多待一会儿。根据句子结构可知,此处是原因状语从句,主句谓语动词decided使用了一般过去时,从句也需使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作;attract与主语they之间是被动关系,表示“他们被吸引”,需使用被动语态be done的形式,主语they是复数,be动词需使用were。故填were attracted。
23.This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well (preserve) for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park.
【答案】preserved
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:这片地区拥有独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园得到妥善保护,供全国人民欣赏。根据空前must be可知,主语This area与动词preserve之间是被动关系,此处需用被动语态,所以空处应填过去分词preserved。故填preserved。
24.We can, instead, use this idea to advance (science) knowledge.
【答案】scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:相反,我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。此处为形容词作定语,修饰名词knowledge,应使用science的形容词形式scientific,意为“科学的”,scientific knowledge表示“科学知识”,符合语境。故填scientific。
25.It is said that large quantities of milk (pour) into the river this morning.
【答案】were poured
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:据说今天早上大量的牛奶被倒进了河里。“large quantities of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于quantity的形式,这里quantity是复数形式quantities,所以谓语动词用复数。又因为牛奶是“被倒进”河里,应用被动语态,且根据时间状语this morning可知事情发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态were poured。故填were poured。
26.It’s a (theory) possibility, but I don’t think it will really happen.
【答案】theoretical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这是一种理论上的可能性,但我认为它不会真的发生。空处修饰名词possibility,应填形容词theoretical“理论上的”作定语,故填theoretical。
27.Many houses were (sweep) away in the flood last year.
【答案】swept
【详解】考查语态。句意:去年的那场洪水中,许多房屋被冲走了。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文were可知为一般过去时的被动语态,故填swept。
28.You should make a friend who will share your joys and (sorrow).
【答案】sorrows
【详解】考查名词。句意:你应该交一个与你同甘共苦的朋友。空处和joys并列作宾语,也应用名词复数形式,固定短语share joys and sorrows意为“同甘共苦”。故填sorrows。
29.When the teacher pointed out his mistake, he (hang) his head.
【答案】hung
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:当老师指出他的错误时,他低下了头。句子描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,hang“垂下,低垂”的过去式为hung,hang one’s head为固定短语,意为“低下头”。故填hung。
30.During the war, many people (flee) the country and never returned.
【答案】fled
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:战争期间,许多人逃离了这个国家,再也没有回来。空处和returned并列,作谓语,句子时态为一般过去时,因此用flee“逃离”的过去式fled。故填fled。
31.They were preparing for the (entertain) of the guests.
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们正在准备招待客人。作介词的宾语,用名词entertainment,故填entertainment。
32.I bought three (dozen) eggs in the supermarket.
【答案】dozen
【详解】考查数词。句意:我在超市买了三打鸡蛋。dozen表示“打”,前面有具体数字three修饰,应用单数形式。故填dozen。
33.The trees were (bathe) in golden autumn sunshine.
【答案】bathed
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:树木沐浴在金色的秋日阳光中。主语“trees”与动词“bathe”之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式与were构成一般过去时的被动语态,bathe的过去分词是bathed,意为“被沐浴”,符合语境。故填bathed。
34.Don’t doubt the (accurate) of these figures.
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意:不要怀疑这些数字的准确性。空处应填名词作宾语,故填accuracy。
35.A (warn) message will be given as soon as there is any danger.
【答案】warning
【详解】考查形容词。句意:一旦有任何危险,就会发出警告信息。根据空后名词message可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;warn的形容词形式为warning,意为“警告的”。故填warning。
36.It was (freeze) cold, and two men were (freeze) to death.
【答案】 freezing frozen
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:天气冷得刺骨,有两个人被冻死了。freezing cold表示“极冷的”,描述天气的寒冷程度。所以第一空填freezing。 be frozen to death是固定短语,意为“被冻死”,frozen是freeze的过去分词形式,这里是被动语态,所以第二空填frozen。 故填freezing;frozen。
37.He was (choose) to be monitor of our class.
【答案】chosen
【详解】考查被动语态。句意:他被选为我们班的班长。主语He与动词choose之间是被动关系,且句中已有be动词was,构成一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was + 过去分词”,空处应填choose的过去分词chosen。故填chosen。
38.I’m (shame) that I could not answer your question.
【答案】ashamed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我很惭愧不能回答你的问题。根据前文I’m可知,使用形容词ashamed作表语,意为“感到羞愧的”。故填ashamed。
39.During these years, I gradually gained a lot of confidence from your company and (encourage).
【答案】encouragement
【详解】考查名词。句意:这些年来,我从您的陪伴和鼓励中逐渐获得了很多信心。设空处为名词作宾语,表示“鼓励”,故填encouragement。
40.The most important reason is that it serves as reminder that I should do something to show my (appreciate) of my grandparents’love for me.
【答案】appreciation
【详解】考查名词。句意:最重要的原因是,它提醒我,我应该做些什么来表达我对祖父母对我的爱的感激之情。空处需填名词作宾语,appreciate的名词形式是appreciation,意为“感激,欣赏”,为不可数名词。故填appreciation。
41. (specific), I’d like to know what subjects we will learn and the way we will be taught.
【答案】Specifically
【详解】考查副词。句意:具体来说,我想知道我们将学习什么课程,以及我们将如何教学。空处作状语修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,首字母应大写,故填Specifically。
42.Alex jumped up so (violent) that he overturned his glass of wine.
【答案】violently
【详解】考查副词。句意:亚历克斯猛地跳起来,把酒杯打翻了。空处修饰动词jumped,应用副词violently作状语,表示“猛烈地”。故填violently。
43.You mentioned that you felt anxious on account of the fact that you (confuse) by British and American English.
【答案】were confused
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:你提到你因为被英式英语和美式英语弄糊涂而感到焦虑。由主句You mentioned可知,句子讲述的是过去的事情,所以从句应用过去时态。confuse与主语you之间是被动关系,即“你被弄糊涂”,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were + 过去分词。主语是you,be动词用were,confuse的过去分词为confused。故填were confused。
44.Right now, the most important thing is to take good care of yourself so that you can make a full (recover).
【答案】recovery
【详解】考查名词。句意:现在,最重要的是要照顾好自己,这样你才能完全康复。full是形容词,修饰名词,recover的名词是recovery,意为“恢复”,空前有a,空格处用单数。故填recovery。
45.To me, I can almost pay everything via a mobile phone, such as transportation, food and (entertain).
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:对我来说,我几乎可以通过手机支付一切,比如交通、餐饮和娱乐。空格处用名词作宾语,entertain的名词是entertainment,是不可数名词,意为“娱乐”。故填entertainment。
46.Being a bad-tempered man, the minister would not tolerate having his lectures (interrupt).
【答案】interrupted
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:作为一个脾气暴躁的人,这位部长无法容忍自己的演讲被打断。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语lectures与interrupt之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,因此应用过去分词作宾补。故填interrupted。
47.We can use a smile to (apology), to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
【答案】apologize/apologise
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候别人、寻求帮助或开始对话。位于动词不定式符号to后,本空用apology的动词形式apologize或apologise“道歉”。故填apologize或apologise。
48.The atmosphere here in the stadium is really (electricity).
【答案】electric
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个体育场里的气氛真是令人激动。设空处应填形容词作表语,再结合句意“令人激动的;充满活力的”是electric,electricity的形容词形式为electric。故填electric。
49.Though the team met unexpected difficulties, they (deal) with the situation calmly by analyzing data and communicating effectively.
【答案】dealt
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:尽管团队遇到了意想不到的困难,但他们通过分析数据和有效沟通,冷静地应对了这种情况。根据前半句“met”可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,deal的过去式为dealt ,在句中作谓语。故填dealt。
50.You should clean your room regularly. (additional), don’t forget to organize your desk.
【答案】Additionally
【详解】考查副词。句意:你应该定期打扫你的房间。此外,别忘了整理你的书桌。additional是形容词,意为“额外的”,这里需要一个副词作状语,修饰整个句子,additionally意为“此外” 符合语境。故填Additionally。
题型一 阅读理解
1
(2025·北京市海淀区·二模)When I arrived at the Sign Language Center in Manhattan for my first American Sign Language (ASL) class, a man took one look at my hesitant posture and held up some fingers. One? Two? I put up one finger, and he directed me to the Level 1 class. It was disorienting: Class time was strictly “voices off” to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.
Learning ASL in the early weeks was a culture shock and a bruise to my ego. As a writer, I pride myself on a certain facility with language. I was taught that there’s a perfect combination of words that can most precisely communicate any thought. With ASL, I expected to feel similarly, and thought fluency would come once I collected a critical mass of signs. The first thing you learn in ASL class is the alphabet. As my classmates and I asked and answered questions using words we didn’t have the signs for, those early weeks were filled with laborious spelling. It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.
Over time, I picked up on new conventions, like waving a hand or stomping on the ground to get someone’s attention. My fingers stalled as they reached for new shapes, and I struggled to differentiate very similar looking signs. Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word “desperate”. “ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,” he told me. “If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,” he added — it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.
I’ve been attending ASL classes for almost two years. Initially, my reason was trivial: a childhood fascination with “secret languages”. While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.
24.How did the author feel in the first ASL class?
A.Frustrated. B.Confused. C.Anxious. D.Hesitant.
25.What made the author embarrassed when learning the alphabet?
A.Putting on smiling facial expressions. B.Being made fun of in front of the class.
C.Waving a hand to get someone’s attention. D.Misspelling and respelling words repeatedly.
26.According to the passage, what can we learn about ASL?
A.It’s a universal language system across cultures. B.It conveys more emotions than verbal language.
C.It requires a combination of signs and emotions. D.It has a direct translation of signs for every word.
27.What has the author learned from her learning experience?
A.The body is what gives language life. B.Diction is what gives language flavour.
C.Fluency comes from the mastery of signs. D.ASL prioritizes precision over communication.
【答案】24.B 25.D 26.C 27.A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在纽约曼哈顿的手语中心学习美国手语的经历,以及在这个过程中对语言和沟通方式的新认识。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was disorienting: Class time was strictly ‘voices off’ to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.(这让人感到困惑:课堂时间严格要求“禁止说话”,以鼓励沉浸式学习并尊重聋人教师。没有说话的能力,我的同学们和我所能做的只是微笑和点头,同时吸收新词汇)”可知,作者在第一堂课上感到困惑。故选B项。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.(这很尴尬:看到十几张礼貌地微笑的脸看着我,我慢慢地拼写、拼错并重新拼写单词——通常多次——这本身就是一种折磨)”可知,作者在学习字母表时,因为反复拼错和重新拼写单词而感到尴尬。故选D项。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word ‘desperate’. ‘ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,’ he told me. ‘If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,’ he added— it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.(最终我意识到,当你用手语交流时,措词不如你如何体现你所传达的内容重要。我曾问一位老师如何用手语表达‘绝望’。‘ASL并没有每个英语单词的直接翻译,’他告诉我。‘如果你想用手语表达‘绝望’,你可能只需要用手语表达‘想要’,但要通过适当的面部和身体姿势来表达你的绝望。如果你的脸上一点也没有表现出沮丧,那么用手语表达‘沮丧’是没有意义的,’他补充说——这就像用单调的语调说话,却声称你很生气)”可知,ASL需要结合手势和情感来传达信息。故选C项。
27.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.(尽管ASL可能并不完全与英语共享词汇,但这并不意味着它缺乏精确性。我学到的是,它的精确性在于肢体语言)”可知,作者从学习经历中学到的是,肢体语言在手语中很重要,即身体是赋予语言生命的。故选A项。
2
(2025·北京市顺义区·一模)Imagine you’re driving down the highway and notice that you are running low on fuel. Your GPS shows 10 gas stations ahead on your route. Naturally, you want the cheapest option. Do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? You won’t double back, so you face a now-or-never choice. What strategy maximizes your chances of picking the cheapest station? Researchers have studied this “best-choice problem”, which suggests that humans tend to fall short of the optimal (最优的) strategy.
Amazingly, the optimal strategy results in the number-one pick being selected almost 37 percent of the time, and its success rate doesn’t depend on the number of candidates. Even with a billion options and a refusal to settle for second best, you could find your needle in a haystack (干草垛) more than a third of the time. The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first around 37 percent of the choices no matter what. Then pick the first option that is better than all the others you've encountered so far. (If you never find such an option, take the final one.)
Adding to the fun, mathematicians’ favorite little constant, e=2.7182... , rears its head in the solution. Also known as Euler’s number, e holds fame for cropping up all across the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-choice problem. In fact, those references to 37 percent in the optimal strategy and corresponding probability of success are actually 1/e, or about 0.368.The magic number comes from the tension between wanting to see enough samples to feel information of options and not wanting to wait too long in case the best pass you by. The proof argues that 1/e balances these forces.
The problem generates thousands of hits on the internet as mathematicians continue to study its many variants: What if you’re allowed to pick more than one option, and you win if any of your choices are the best? What if an opponent chose the ordering of the options to trick you? What if you don’t require the absolute best choice and would feel satisfied with second or third? Researchers study such when-to-stop scenarios (设想) in a branch of math called optimal stopping theory.
Research finds that people tend to stop their search too early. So applying the 37 percent rule could improve your decision-making, but be sure to double-check that your situation meets all the conditions: a known number of rankable options is being presented one at a time in any order, you want the best, and you can’t double back.
32.Why does the author mention the constant e in Paragraph 3?
A.Justify a comparison. B.Evaluate a statement.
C.Provide a theoretical basis. D.Propose a new solution.
33.Which situation most agrees with the strategy mentioned in the passage?
A.Evaluate every candidate. B.Skip some lunch specials.
C.Buy the latest reference book. D.Join the shortest checkout line.
34.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Why People Often Fail in Making the Best Decisions.
B.The Best Decision Depends on Your Math Ability.
C.How to Connect Optimal Strategy with the Magic e.
D.Elegant Math Problem Finds the Best Choices.
【答案】32.C 33.B 34.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“最佳选择问题”的最优策略,即37%法则,以及该策略背后的数学原理和应用条件。
32.推理判断题。根据第三段“Also known as Euler’s number, e holds fame for cropping up all across the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-choice problem. In fact, those references to 37 percent in the optimal strategy and corresponding probability of success are actually 1/e, or about 0.368. (e也被称为欧拉数,它在数学领域以出现在看似无关的环境中而闻名,包括在最佳选择问题中。事实上,最优策略中提到的37%和相应的成功概率实际上是1/e,即约0.368。)”可知,作者提到常数e是为了给“最佳选择问题”的最优策略提供一个理论基础,说明37%这个比例是如何得出的。故选C。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first around 37 percent of the choices no matter what. Then pick the first option that is better than all the others you've encountered so far. (获胜的策略很简单:无论如何,先拒绝前37%左右的选择。然后选择第一个比你到目前为止遇到的所有其他选择都更好的选项。)”可知,文章中提到的策略是先观察一部分选项,然后从中选择最好的,这与“跳过一些午餐特价菜,然后从中选择最满意的”这一情境最为相似,即都涉及到先跳过一部分选项再做选择。故选B。
34.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了“最佳选择问题”的最优策略,即37%法则,以及该策略背后的数学原理和应用条件。文章的重点在于介绍这个数学问题和它的解决方案,因此选项D“优雅的数学问题找到了最佳选择”最能概括文章的主旨,作为标题最合适。故选D。
题型二 语法填空
1
(2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模)On April 8, China launched a high-speed rail pet consignment (托运) service on selected Beijing-Shanghai routes. A cat was the first pet to “travel” on the train.
After professional testing, the service 1 (operate) on ten routes between five stations, mainly in East China. Pet owners can book the service online in advance. Each person can transport one healthy domesticated cat or dog, provided it 2 (weigh) under 15kg and stands no taller than 40cm at the shoulder. 3 (ensure) safety during the journey, specially 4 (design) equipment will be used for separate pet transport.
【答案】1.will operate/is going to operate 2.weighs 3.To ensure 4.designed
【来源】2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模英语试题
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国于4月8日在部分京沪线路上推出高铁宠物托运服务,说明了服务运营路线、托运宠物的要求及保障安全的措施。
1.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:经过专业测试,这项服务将在华东地区五个车站之间的十条线路上运营。operate(运营,运行)是谓语动词,根据时间状语“After professional testing”可推知,此处描述将来会发生的事情,用一般将来时态,可用will operate或is going to operate。故填will operate/is going to operate。
2.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:每人可以运输一只健康$$