第04讲 外研版2019选必全四册词词形转换+重点短语闯关特训（专项训练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第04讲 外研版选择性必修全四册词汇练透 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇 考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇 考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇 考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇 一、单词拼写50题 1．We can g (确保) a full refund within 30 days if you’re not satisfied. 【答案】guarantee/uarantee 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果不满意，30 天内可以确保全额退款。根据中英文提示，“确保”对应的英文动词是“guarantee”。句中情态动词“can”后接动词原形，因此用“guarantee”。故填guarantee。 2．Surveys show a t (趋势) away from home-ownership and toward rented accommodation. 【答案】trend/rend 【详解】考查名词。句意：调查结果显示，人们越来越倾向于租房而非购买房产。根据中英文提示可知用名词trend，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填trend。 3．To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of a (申请人) to attend the opening ceremony. 【答案】applicants/pplicants 【详解】考查名词。句意：令我高兴的是，我从数百名申请人中被选中参加开幕式。此处为名词作介词of的宾语，根据首字母“a”及汉语提示“申请人”，对应的名词是applicant；hundreds of后接可数名词复数形式，所以此处用applicant的复数形式applicants，符合句意。故填applicants。 4．The s (薪水) will be determined according to your working experience and qualification. 【答案】salary/alary 【详解】考查名词。句意：薪水将根据您的工作经验和资历确定。根据中英文提示及句意可知，此处使用名词salary“薪水”，作主语。故填salary。 5．The s (风景) along the journey is just like a breathtaking landscape painting. 【答案】scenery/cenery 【详解】考查名词。句意：沿途的景色宛如一幅令人叹为观止的风景画。根据中英文提示可知用不可数名词scenery，作主语。故填scenery。 6．I believe that I am a perfect c (候选人) for this position. 【答案】candidate/andidate 【详解】考查名词。句意：我认为我是这个职位的理想候选人。根据中英文提示可知，candidate“候选人”，可数名词，在句中作表语，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填candidate。 7．The latest (创新) in smartphone technology allows for faster charging. 【答案】innovation 【详解】考查名词。句意：智能手机技术的最新创新实现了更快的充电。根据汉语提示“创新”以及上文形容词最高级latest和后文is，可知应填名词innovation，空处作主语，此处表示单数概念。故填innovation。 8．To have a good sleep habit, we should keep a regular sleep p (模式) and follow it strictly. 【答案】pattern/attern 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了养成良好的睡眠习惯，我们应该保持规律的睡眠模式并严格遵守。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词pattern，作宾语，由不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填pattern。 9．Your c (作文) is quite good except that there are some spelling mistakes. 【答案】composition/omposition 【详解】考查名词。句意：你的作文相当好，只是有一些拼写错误。此处为名词作主语，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“作文”用可数名词composition，结合be动词is可知，此处应用单数形式。故填composition。 10．It is not always easy to maintain an enthusiastic attitude. N (然而), looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do. 【答案】Nevertheless/evertheless 【详解】考查副词。句意：保持热情的态度并不总是容易的。然而，看到事情好的一面是我们能做的最好的事情。根据汉语提示“然而”以及句子结构可知，此处需要一个副词来连接前后两个句子，表示转折关系。Nevertheless是一个副词，意为“然而，不过”，常用于引出与前文相对或不同的观点或情况，符合语境。故填Nevertheless。 11．I am writing to invite you to be a judge at our English composition c (比赛) to be held in our school. 【答案】contest/ontest/competition/ompetition 【详解】考查名词。句意：我写信是想邀请你在我们学校举行的英语作文比赛中担任评委。根据中英文提示可知，contest/competition“比赛”，均为可数名词，此处指“我们学校的英语演讲比赛”，使用名词单数形式，作宾语，故填contest/competition。 12．After hearing this satisfactory o (结果), Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness flowing over him. 【答案】outcome/utcome 【详解】考查名词。句意：听到这个令人满意的结果后，史蒂夫感到一阵喜悦和幸福。根据中英文提示可知，outcome“结果”，名词，作hearing的宾语，修饰词this表明用单数名词，故填outcome。 13．The museum hosts six p (永久的) galleries, ensuring that there is something for every visitor. 【答案】permanent/ermanent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：博物馆设有六个永久性展厅，确保每位参观者都能找到感兴趣的内容。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用形容词“永久的”permanent，作定语，修饰名词galleries。故填permanent。 14．Hard work g (保证) that you will become good at whatever it is. 【答案】guarantees/uarantees 【详解】考查动词。句意：努力工作能保证你在任何方面都做得很好。根据中英文提示可知，guarantee“保证”，动词，此处是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语work是不可数名词，谓语动词使用三单形式，故填guarantees。 15．A cold fear rose up inside him and he suddenly had the feeling that someone was n (在附近), watching him. 【答案】nearby/earby 【详解】考查副词。句意：一种寒冷的恐惧在他内心升起，他突然感觉到有人在附近看着他。根据中英文提示可知，此处为副词nearby，作表语。故填nearby。 16．With a distant look in her eyes, she seemed lost in the world of her own v (生动的) memories and imagination. 【答案】vivid/ivid 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她眼神悠远，似乎沉浸在自己那些生动的回忆和想象的世界里。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填形容词 vivid“生动的”，作定语修饰名词memories。故填vivid。 17．We believe in the p (人生哲学) that offering others help makes ourselves happy through the experience. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】philosophy/hilosophy 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们相信这样一种人生哲学：通过帮助他人，我们自己也能从这种经历中获得快乐。根据句意以及中英文提示可知，空处应填名词philosophy“人生哲学”，作介词in的宾语。故填philosophy。 18．I am writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English a (社团). 【答案】association/ssociation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我写信是想申请我们学校英语社团的志愿者职位。根据句意以及中英文提示可知，空处应填名词association“社团”，此处特指“我们学校的英语社团”，应用单数形式，作介词for的宾语。故填association。 19．I’m sorry to hear that you are sleepless under the stress of study, so I’d like to share some p (实用的) and beneficial suggestions with you. 【答案】practical/ractical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：听说你在学习压力下失眠，我很抱歉，所以想和你分享一些实用且有益的建议。根据汉语提示以及名词suggestions可知，此处需要填形容词作定语，修饰名词。故填practical。 20．Mark Twain is well known for his witty r (言论) in his everyday i (交流) with people. 【答案】 remarks/emarks interactions/nteractions 【详解】考查名词。句意：马克·吐温因其在日常与人交流中的诙谐言论而闻名。第一空根据首字母“r”和中文提示“言论”，可知应填名词remark，且言论通常不止一条，应用复数形式remarks作宾语；第二空根据首字母“i”和中文提示“交流”，可知应填名词interaction，日常交流也为复数概念，应用复数形式interactions作宾语。故填①remarks ②interactions。 21．He turned to look at me, and for a split second, I saw his c (冷酷的) and glaring eyes. 【答案】cruel/ruel 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他转过头来看我，有那么一瞬间，我看到了他那冷酷而瞪大的眼睛。根据汉语提示“冷酷的”以及首字母提示可知，应填形容词cruel，修饰名词eyes，作定语。故填cruel。 22．Surely up-to-date equipment is supposed to make life easier, not more c (复杂的). 【答案】complicated/omplicated/complex/omplex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当然，最新的设备应该让生活更轻松，而不是更复杂。此处为形容词，与easier（更轻松的）并列作宾语补足语，根据首字母“c”及汉语提示“复杂的”，可对应形容词complicated或complex；结合空前的more可知，此处应用形容词原级构成比较级，符合句意。故填complicated/complex。 23．The c (概念) of happiness changes as we grow. 【答案】concept/oncept 【详解】考查名词。句意：幸福的概念随着我们的成长而改变。此处为名词，在句中作主语，根据首字母“c”及汉语提示“概念”，应为名词concept；结合句中谓语动词“changes”（第三人称单数形式）可知，主语应为单数，所以此处用concept的单数形式即可，符合句意。故填concept。 24．A small gesture of kindness can g (产生) great blessings, even lighting up the depressing world someone has to face. 【答案】generate/enerate 【详解】考查动词。句意：一个小小的善举可以产生巨大的祝福，甚至能照亮某人不得不面对的沉闷世界。根据汉语提示“产生”以及首字母g可知，此处应填动词generate，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填generate。 25．The clerks were giving out free s (样品) of ice cream at the store. 【答案】samples/amples 【详解】考查名词。句意：店里的工作人员正在向顾客发放免费的冰淇淋样品。根据中英文提示可知用名词sample，用复数形式表示数量大于一，作宾语。故填samples。 26．Eric instantly ran over to his father and w (低语) something into his ear. 【答案】whispered/hispered 【详解】考查动词。句意：埃里克立刻跑到父亲身边，在他耳边低声说了些什么。由于and连接ran和空白处可知，空处要用动词过去式。首字母提示是w，汉语提示是“低语”，故动词whispered符合题意。故填whispered。 27．They faced several strong o (对手) in the group stage matches. 【答案】opponents/pponents 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们在小组赛阶段遇到了几个强劲的对手。根据单词首字母和句意“对手”可知，此处应用名词opponent作宾语，several后应用复数。故填opponents。 28．The movie is so good that it d (应得) an award. 【答案】deserves/eserves 【详解】考查动词。句意：这部电影如此好，以至于它应得一个奖项。根据单词首字母和句意“应得”可知，应用动词deserve作从句谓语，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主谓一致，用三单。故填deserves。 29．Some Americans don’t like (巨大的) pandas because of their laziness. 【答案】giant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一些美国人不喜欢大熊猫，因为它们懒惰。根据汉语提示“巨大的”可知，此处为形容词giant，作定语，修饰名词pandas。故填giant。 30．He is very tall and can be easily (看见；发现) in the crowd. 【答案】spotted 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：他很高，在人群中很容易被发现。根据汉语提示“看见；发现”可知，应填动词spot，与主语he是动宾关系，故用被动语态，结合空前的can be可知，空处填过去分词形式，构成含有情态动词的被动语态。故填spotted。 31．Dirty and hard work in the factory is mainly done by m (大量的) workers. 【答案】massive/assive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：工厂里又脏又重的活主要是由大量的工人来干。根据中英文提示可知，massive“大量的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词workers，故填massive。 32．The d (精美的) pattern on her wedding dress looked absolutely stunning under the soft light. 【答案】delicate/elicate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在柔和的灯光下，她婚纱上精致的图案显得十分迷人。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词delicate“精美的”作定语修饰pattern，满足句意要求。故填delicate。 33．After those silly things he did last night, Jack felt so e to see me. 【答案】embarrassed/mbarrassed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：杰克昨晚做了那些蠢事之后，见到我感到很尴尬。设空处接在系动词后，应用形容词作表语，根据首字母和句意可知是embarrassed，意为“感到尴尬的”，故填embarrassed。 34．It’s easy to b (责怪) the weather for a bad day, but sometimes it’s just our perspective that needs adjusting. 【答案】blame/lame 【详解】考查动词。句意：很容易责怪坏天气导致了一天心情不好，但有时只是我们的视角需要调整。空处应用动词原形，与It’s easy to构成不定式作真正的主语，表示“责怪”用blame。故填blame。 35．The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as e (满腔热忱的) as ever. 【答案】enthusiastic/nthusiastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击，但他没有气馁，很快又像以前一样充满了热情。句中got是系动词，空处作表语，结合首字母和汉语提示可知，形容词enthusiastic符合题意；在as...as...结构中，形容词应用原形。故填enthusiastic。 36．She tried to clean her m (沾满泥的) boots before entering the house, but the mess seemed to spread everywhere. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】muddy/uddy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她进屋前试图把沾满泥的靴子擦干净，可污渍似乎越擦越到处都是。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“沾满泥的”应用muddy，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填muddy。 37．The new museum became a cultural l (地标), showcasing local art and history for the community. 【答案】landmark/andmark 【详解】考查名词。句意：这座新的博物馆成为了当地的文化地标，向公众展示了当地的艺术和历史。根据中英文提示可知用名词landmark，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填landmark。 38．These (民间的) stories have been passed down from generation to generation in this small village. 【答案】folk 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些民间故事在这个小村庄里代代相传。空处用于名词stories之前，应用形容词folk作定语。故填folk。 39．Sing a tune, and he’d name the c (作曲家) and the circumstances surrounding the composition of the piece. 【答案】composer/omposer 【详解】考查名词。句意：唱一段旋律，他就会说出这首曲子的作曲家以及创作这首曲子时的背景情况。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词composer，意为“作曲家”，作name的宾语，由空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词单数形式。故填composer。 40．Children’s television not only e (使快乐) but also teaches. 【答案】entertains/ntertains 【详解】考查动词。句意：儿童电视节目不仅能带来娱乐，还能起到教育作用。根据句意以及首字母和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词entertain，表示“使快乐”，与teaches并列在句中作谓语，结合teaches可知，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语是“Children’s television”，并列的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填entertains。 41．Remember to (附上) a photo to your job application form. 【答案】attach 【详解】考查动词。句意：记得在你的求职申请表上附上一张照片。此处为动词不定式在固定短语remember to do sth.中作宾语，表示“记得去做某事”；根据汉语提示和空前的不定式符号to可知，表示“附上”应用动词原形attach，attach...to...意为“把……附在……上”，符合句意。故填attach。 42．Researchers have ploughed through 16,000 different pieces of (古典的), rock and jazz music. 【答案】classic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：研究人员研究了16000种不同的古典音乐、摇滚音乐和爵士音乐。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词music，“古典的”的形容词是classic。故填classic。 43．Speed is the e (必不可少的、基本的) ingredient of all athletics. 【答案】essential/ssential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：速度是所有田径运动的基本要素。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用形容词essential“必不可少的，基本的”，作定语，修饰名词ingredient。故填essential。 44．I take my time over every spoonful, rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk. 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：我慢慢地享用每一勺，轻轻地将丝滑的甜点在口中滚动，享受着米饭和牛奶的完美融合。表示“轻轻地”，用副词gently，修饰动词rolling，作状语。故填gently。 45．The artist has a d (different in a clear way; noticeable) style that makes his paintings stand out among others. 【答案】distinct/istinct 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位艺术家有一种独特的风格，使他的画作在其他作品中脱颖而出。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词“style”，根据英文释义“different in a clear way; noticeable(明显不同的；显著的)”及首字母“d”可知，应为形容词distinct。故填distinct。 46．The key to success is not fighting alone; what is crucial is the close (合作，协作) between team members. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】考查名词。句意：成功的关键不是独自战斗；至关重要的是团队成员之间的紧密合作。根据汉语提示“合作，协作”可知，本空用名词cooperation，作表语。故填cooperation。 47．I have been reliably (通知，告知) that he will be elected as honorable president next year. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：我已得到可靠消息，他将于明年当选为荣誉主席。根据汉语提示“通知，告知”可知，此处为动词inform，inform与I是被动关系，空前有have been，空处需填过去分词和have been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填informed。 48．She would often w (漫游) along the beach, collecting seashells and lost in her daydreams. 【答案】wander/ander 【详解】考查动词。句意：她常常沿着海滩漫步，收集贝壳，沉浸在白日梦中。根据汉语提示及句意，would后接动词原形，构成“would do”结构，表示过去常常做某事。故填wander。 49．At the height of his (名声), his every word was valued. 【答案】fame 【详解】考查名词。句意：在他声名鼎盛之时，他的每一句话都受到重视。根据汉语提示“名声”可知，空处需要名词fame“名声”作介词of的宾语。fame为不可数名词。故填fame。 50．The house commanded some s views of Delaware Bay. 【答案】splendid/plendid 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座房子可以饱览特拉华湾的壮丽景色。根据句意和首字母s以及空格后的名词views可知，空格处应该用形容词splendid作定语，修饰后面的名词views。故填splendid。 二、单句语法填空50题 1．My father is always polite when negotiating the seller to get to an appropriate price instead of aggressive bargaining. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：我父亲在与卖家谈判时总是表现得很有礼貌，他会努力让卖家接受一个合适的价格，而不是采取强硬的讨价还价方式。短语negotiate with表示“与……谈判”。故填with。 2．Newspaper and audio equipment have been provided to keep local employees (inform) of the present affairs in Zambia. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经提供了报纸和音响设备，以便当地员工了解赞比亚的时事动态。本句谓语为have been provided，空处为非谓语动词，且employees与inform为被动关系，应用过去分词informed，作宾补。故填informed。 3．The two flowers are quite distinct one another, so it is easy to make a (distinct) between them. 【答案】 from distinction 【详解】考查介词和名词。句意：这两朵花彼此差异很大，所以很容易将它们区分开来。distinct from是形容词短语的固定用法。 distinction是distinct的名词形式，用于make a distinction结构中，作宾语。故填①from；②distinction。 4．I’m (literal) freezing to death in this weather, and I can’t feel any part of my body. 【答案】literally 【详解】考查副词。句意：在这种天气下，我真的快冻死了，而且我全身都没有知觉了。修饰freezing，应使用副词literally，作状语。故填literally。 5．I wasn’t blaming anyone; I (mere) said errors like this could be avoided. 【答案】merely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我并没有责怪任何人，我只是说像这样的错误是可以避免的。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词said；mere的副词为merely“仅仅，只不过”。故填merely。 6．Pretending to enjoy social interaction usually makes them uncomfortable, so jobs not requiring much (cooperate) are suitable for them. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】考查名词。句意：假装享受社交互动通常会让他们感到不舒服，所以不需要太多合作的工作适合他们。空格前有形容词much修饰，且作动词requiring的宾语，故此处需填名词。cooperate的名词为cooperation，不可数名词，意为“合作”，故填cooperation。 7．He looked as mean as ever, an unsmiling figure in black jacket and very (shine) black shoes. 【答案】shiny 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他看起来和以前一样卑鄙，一个穿着黑色夹克和非常闪亮的黑色鞋子的不苟言笑的人。此处使用形容词shiny修饰名词短语black shoes。故填shiny。 8．I’m ashamed to say that my (assign) isn’t finished. The thing is, I’ve had dozens of other things to do this week. 【答案】assignment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我很惭愧地说我的任务还没完成。问题是，这周我有很多其他事情要做。空处应填名词作主语，assign的名词形式是assignment“任务”，根据空后的isn’t可知，应用单数形式。故填assignment。 9．He talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated her money. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：他和一位被骗了钱的老太太交谈。cheat sb. of sth.是固定短语，意为“骗取某人的某物”，此处为其被动形式sb. be cheated of sth. ，表示“某人的某物被骗走”。故填of。 10．Having read your (advertise) on the Internet for a volunteer for the Olympic Games, I am writing to apply for it. 【答案】advertisement 【详解】考查名词。句意：看到您在互联网上发布的招募奥运会志愿者的广告，我特此写信申请这个职位。作动词的宾语，用名词advertisement，故填advertisement。 11．It is a very popular tourist spot and is well known for its (entertain) and cultural features. 【答案】entertainment 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，以其娱乐和文化特色而闻名。根据空后“and cultural features”可知，此处应用名词与“features”并列，共同作for的宾语，所给词“entertain”是动词，意为“娱乐”，其名词形式“entertainment”意为“娱乐”，符合语境。故填entertainment。 12．The trees with (practical) few leaves were all bent and twisted in the wind. 【答案】practically 【详解】考查副词。句意：那些几乎没有叶子的树都被风吹得弯曲变形了。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词few；practical的副词为practically“几乎，差不多”，符合题意。故填practically。 13．You do not need to read in the same way you would if you needed to (memory) something. 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：你不需要像需要记忆某事那样去阅读。此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形，所给词memory为名词，需要转换为动词形式memorize，意为“记忆”。故填memorize。 14．Our hard work paid and Dr. Henderson was very satisfied with our wonderful findings. 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我们的努力得到了回报，亨德森博士对我们出色的发现非常满意。此处为固定短语pay off，意为“成功；奏效；得到回报”符合句意，所以此处为副词off。故填off。 15．Many people experience difficulty in paying off their (debt). 【答案】debts 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：许多人会遇到难以偿还债务的问题。根据上文Many people可知数量大于一，debt应用复数形式。故填debts。 16．No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy. 【答案】rarely 【详解】考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一笼都不够，而两笼又显得太贪心了。空格处用副词rarely修饰形容词enough，作状语，rarely意为“很少”。故填rarely。 17．Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while (cooperate), humbleness and courage are praised. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】考查名词。句意：通常，我们不鼓励残忍和欺骗，而鼓励合作、谦逊和勇气。空处和humbleness、courage并列作主语，所以空处应填名词形式，cooperate的名词形式是cooperation，意为“合作”，为不可数名词。故填cooperation。 18．To sum up, protecting animals is greatly (urge) and it is vital for us to take steps to protect them. 【答案】urgent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：总之，保护动物迫在眉睫，对我们来说采取措施保护它们至关重要。空前有is和副词greatly，空处要填形容词作表语。urge对应的形容词是urgent，表示“紧急的”。故填urgent。 19．At the end of the letter you should express your (expect) of cooperation and an early reply. 【答案】expectation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在信的结尾，你应该表达对合作的期待以及希望早日收到回复。根据空前形容词性物主代词your可知，空处需用名词作express宾语；expect的名词expectation“期望”，符合题意，此处表特指，需用名词单数形式作宾语。故填expectation。 20．When the computer is stopped in this way, it can only be restarted by the (operate). 【答案】operator 【详解】考查名词。句意：当电脑以这种方式停止运行时，只能由操作人员重新启动它。此时需要一个表示人的名词作宾语。operate是动词，意为“操作”，其名词形式operator表示“操作员” 。结合语境可知，用单数形式operator。故填operator。 21．The company, however, now declines (comment) further on the subject. 【答案】to comment 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，该公司现在拒绝就此事进一步置评。decline to do sth.表示“拒绝做某事”，为固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。故填to comment。 22．In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as (complicate) to process as the computer code. 【答案】complicated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在错误的人手中，这样一本书可能会像计算机代码一样难以处理。空处需用形容词作表语，complicate的形容词为complicated“复杂的，难处理的”，as...as...“和……一样”是原级比较，故形容词应用原级。故填complicated。 23．Prices have been rising (steady) in the past few years. 【答案】steadily 【详解】考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里，物价一直在稳步上涨。设空处修饰动词rising，应用副词作状语，故填steadily。 24．His (prefer) is that he should play football with his classmates. 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：他更愿意和同学一起踢足球。空处为主语，和is保持一致，应用名词单数，故填preference。 25．The boy’s simple question made all the people present (embarrass). 【答案】embarrassed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩的简单提问让在场的所有人都感到尴尬。作宾补，修饰people用形容词embarrassed，故填embarrassed。 26．I was very much (delight) with the final results. 【答案】delighted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我对最终结果非常满意。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，“be delighted with”是固定搭配，意为“对……感到满意”，delight的形容词形式是delighted，意为“满意的”。故填delighted。 27．We are now at a (turn) point, so we should be very careful with our decision. 【答案】turning 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们现在正处于一个转折点，所以我们应该非常谨慎地做出决定。固定短语turning point意为“转折点”，动名词turning作定语。故填turning。 28．When it rains, this road leading to his house becomes (mud). 【答案】muddy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：下雨时，这条通往他家的路变得泥泞。空格处用形容词作表语，mud的形容词是muddy，意为“泥泞的”，故填muddy。 29．She spoke (gentle) to the frightened boy after the accident. 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：事故发生后，她温柔地跟那个受惊的男孩说话。空处应用副词修饰spoke，gently“温柔地”符合题意。故填gently。 30．The new idea needs to be further (examine). 【答案】examined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个新想法需要进一步检验。空处作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语The new idea构成被动关系，应用过去分词examined，与to be构成动词不定式的被动式。故填examined。 31．There are many new teachers in our school now, of many once worked in the western provinces. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意： 现在我们学校有很多新老师, 他们中很多人曾在西部省份工作过。先行词为 new teachers，将先行词代入定语从句后为 Many of the new teachers once worked in the western provinces。由此可见关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语且指“人”，关系代词为whom 。故填whom。 32．Born in 1756, Austria, Mozart deserves his status as one of the most popular (compose) worldwide. 【答案】composers 【详解】考查名词。句意：莫扎特1756年出生于奥地利，他当之无愧是世界上最受欢迎的作曲家之一。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，“作曲家”是composer，且one of后接可数名词复数形式，故填composers。 33．I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your (expect). I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account. 【答案】expectations 【详解】考查名词。句意：我确信自己完全能够达到您的期望。如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。空处作宾语，名词expectation“期望”符合句意，live up to one’s expectations“不辜负/达到某人的期望”是固定搭配，名词expectation应用复数形式。故填expectations。 34．There’s no less (innovate) going on at the farm like this robot plant nurse which can inspect 50 acres of row crops for diseases, pests, or other issues.  【答案】innovation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这样的农场里不乏创新之举，比如这个机器人植物护理员，它可以检查50英亩的行间作物是否有疾病、害虫或其他问题。提示词作there be句型主语，用名词innovation，意为“创新”，不可数名词。故填innovation。 35．Group leader’s duty is (ensure) that all pupils in his group understand and practice what the teacher has taught. 【答案】to ensure 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：组长的职责是确保小组中的所有学生都理解并练习老师所教的内容。设空处应填动词不定式作表语，说明主语Group leader’s duty的具体内容。故填to ensure。 36．We can take online classes our leisure and all course materials are available free online. 【答案】at 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们可以在闲暇时参加线上课程，而且所有课程资料都可在网上免费获取。at one's leisure意为“在某人闲暇时”, 为固定搭配。故填at。 37．Some people are interviewing three (candidate) for the post of sales manager. 【答案】candidates 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：一些人正在面试三位销售经理职位的候选人。所给词“candidate”是可数名词，意为“候选人”，空前有基数词“three”（三个）修饰，所以此处使用candidate的复数形式是candidates。故填candidates。 38．For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to (critic) other people. 【答案】criticize/criticise 【详解】考查不定式。句意：对一个谦逊的人来说，最困难的事情之一或许就是批评他人。此处为不定式作表语，故空处应填动词原形，critic对应的动词是criticize/criticise，意为“批评”。故填criticize/criticise。 39．Nowadays, a large quantity of cookers on the market (guarantee) for three years at least. 【答案】is guaranteed 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，市场上大量的炊具至少保修三年。设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词，结合时间状语Nowadays可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语a large quantity of cookers和guarantee之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词的数与quantity保持一致，用单数形式。故填is guaranteed。 40．Stephen Curry’s practising day in and day out helped him (sharp) his skills. 【答案】to sharpen/sharpen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬·库里日复一日的练习帮助他提升技能。help sb to do sth“帮助某人做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾补，to可省略。sharp的动词sharpen，意为“改善，提高”。故填(to) sharpen。 41．If I were given the use of my eyes, I should greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, and new (reveal) of beauty. 【答案】revelations 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果我能使用我的眼睛，我会迎接黎明，渴望发现新的乐趣和新的美的展现。设空处应填名词作宾语，再结合句意“展现；揭示”是revelation，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。故填revelations。 42．Isaacson interviewed hundreds of Steve Jobs’ friends and relatives to sum up Jobs’ (remark) life. 【答案】remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：艾萨克森采访了史蒂夫・乔布斯的数百位亲友，以总结乔布斯非凡的一生。此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词，remarkable，表“非凡的”，为形容词。故填remarkable。 43．My English teacher always encourages me to express myself in English without fear. Her words make me feel really . Whenever I face challenges in grammar or pronunciation, she gives me a lot of . (请用encourage的适当形式填空) 【答案】 encouraging encouraged encouragement 【详解】①考查现在分词。句意：她鼓励的话使我感到很受鼓舞。设空处修饰后面的名词words，所以要用形容词形式，且意为“鼓舞人心的”或“鼓励性的”，所以要用encouraging。故填encouraging。 ②考查过去分词。句意：她鼓励的话使我感到很受鼓舞。设空处位于系动词feel后面充当表语，且意为“受到鼓舞的”，所以要用过去分词形式encouraged。故填encouraged。 ③考查名词。句意：每当我在语法或发音上遇到挑战时，她都会给我很多鼓励。设空处充当gives的宾语，所以要用名词形式。故填encouragement。 44．Not only can this event open student’s eyes , but also develop our (innovate) hand-on ability. 【答案】innovative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次活动不仅开阔了学生们的眼界，也培养了我们创新的动手能力。空处修饰名词ability，应填形容词作定语，故填innovative。 45．His (gentle) made all his children live happily. 【答案】gentleness 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的温柔使他所有的孩子都生活得很幸福。空处作主语，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，应填名词形式，故填gentleness。 46．Running a marathon requires incredible physical and mental (endure) to push through the pain and fatigue. 【答案】endurance 【详解】考查名词。句意：跑马拉松需要难以置信的身体和精神耐力来克服疼痛和疲劳。空格前为形容词“physical and mental”，需填入名词作宾语。“endure”的名词形式是“endurance”，意为“耐力”，满足句意要求。故填endurance。 47．The young (compose) struggled for years before her symphony was finally performed by a major orchestra. 【答案】composer 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位年轻的作曲家经过多年的努力，她的交响乐终于由一家大型管弦乐队演奏。设空处使用compose的名词composer作主语，意为“作曲家”，根据后文的her可知，此处表示单数。故填composer。 48．All (apply) must submit entries by the specified deadline. 【答案】applicants 【详解】考查名词。句意：所有申请者必须在指定截止日期前提交参赛作品。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作主语，applicant，表“申请者”，符合句意，且由All可知，这里应用名词复数形式。故填applicants。 49．The passionate boy is (enthusiasm) in sports and especially has enthusiasm for ball games. 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个充满激情的男孩对运动很热情，尤其对球类运动怀有热情。设空处位于系动词is后作表语，需用形容词形式enthusiasm，构成固定搭配“be enthusiastic in”，意为“对……热情”。故填enthusiastic。 50．After a long academic preparation, he got the (qualify) to be an agent.   【答案】qualification/qualifications 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过长时间的学术准备，他获得了当经纪人的资格。此处作动词宾语，应用名词qualification“资格”，单复数都符合句意。故填qualification或qualifications。 考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．In traditional Chinese culture, the concept of a h (和谐的) society is deeply rooted in Confucian philosophy. 【答案】harmonious/armonious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在中国传统文化中，和谐社会的理念深深植根于儒家哲学。此处修饰名词“society”（社会），需要用形容词形式，“harmonious”符合语境。故填harmonious。 2．As we all know, saving food is a traditional Chinese v (美德) that has been around for thousands of years. 【答案】virtue/irtue 【详解】考查名词。句意：众所周知，节约粮食是中国几千年来的传统美德。根据首字母和句意“美德”及前文不定冠词a可知，使用单数名词virtue作表语。故填virtue。 3．As an innocent child, I didn’t need to think about hardships such as problems at work, or worry about i (收入). 【答案】income/ncome 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个天真的孩子，我不需要想工作问题这样的困难，也不用担心收入。根据首字母和中文提示“收入”及前文worry about可知，使用名词income作宾语，不可数。故填income。 4．A good (新闻工作者) should have strong communication skills and a sense of responsibility. 【答案】journalist 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个好的记者应该有很强的沟通技巧和责任感。结合不定冠词A和汉语提示，用单数名词journalist作主语。故填journalist。 5．Over the fourth d (十年) of the reform and opening-up, Shenzhen, the first special economic zone, has undergone rapid development. 【答案】decade/ecade 【详解】考查名词。句意：改革开放的第四个十年，作为第一个经济特区的深圳，经历了飞速发展。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词decade，作介词Over的宾语，由序数词fourth修饰，应用名词单数形式。故填decade。 6．The bright light shining down from the heavens made the freshly fallen snow shine with beauty that touched my s (灵魂). 【答案】soul/oul 【详解】考查名词。句意：从天上照耀下来的明亮的光使新下的雪闪耀着美丽，触动了我的灵魂。根据中英文提示可知，这里应用名词soul“灵魂”，作动词touched的宾语。故填soul。 7．Warmly welcomed by the e (年纪较大的) for their arrival, the students participated in various kinds of volunteer work. 【答案】elderly/lderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：同学们受到了长者们的热烈欢迎，参加了各种志愿工作。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“年纪较大的”可知，应用形容词elderly，且此处“the + 形容词”表示一类人，the elderly意为“老年人”，符合语境。故填elderly。 8．As soon as I saw him, I felt a strong feeling of s (同情) for him. 【答案】sympathy/ympathy 【详解】考查名词。句意：我一见到他，就对他产生了强烈的同情心。根据中英文提示可知，这里应用名词sympathy“同情”作介词of的宾语，为不可数名词。故填sympathy。 9．The “double reduction” p (政策) will largely relieve the academic pressure on children. 【答案】policy/olicy 【详解】考查名词。句意：“双减”政策将在很大程度上减轻孩子们的学业压力。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词policy，作主语，且the “double reduction” policy为特定政策，用单数形式。故填policy。 10．You should calm down and get down to doing some s (扎实的) work. 【答案】solid/olid 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你应该冷静下来，开始做一些扎实的工作。根据中英文提示可知，这里应用形容词solid“扎实的”作定语，修饰名词work。故填solid。 11．In order to p (弘扬) traditional Chinese culture, the Student Union will hold a poetry recitation competition. 【答案】promote/romote 【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了弘扬中国传统文化，学生会将举办诗歌朗诵比赛。由首字母提示p可知，“弘扬”是promote，in order to do是固定短语，意为“为了做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故填promote。 12．With the guidance of her teacher, she developed a (恰当的) ways to express her emotions. 【答案】appropriate/ppropriate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在老师的指导下，她学会了用恰当的方式来表达自己的情感。结合首字母提示可知，“恰当的”应用形容词appropriate，作定语修饰名词ways。故填appropriate。 13．Two fifths of the land in that d (地区) is covered with trees and grass. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】district/istrict 【详解】考查名词。句意：那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草地所覆盖。由首字母提示d可知，“地区”是名词district，由that可知，空格处用单数形式，作宾语，故填district。 14．Although our situation was very bad, it’s difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at what’s happening e (在别处). 【答案】elsewhere/lsewhere 【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管我们的处境很糟糕，但当你看到别处正在发生的事情时，很难为自己感到太过遗憾。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为副词elsewhere“在别处”在句中作地点状语，满足句意要求。故填elsewhere。 15．The v (巨大的) range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions. 【答案】vast/ast 【详解】考查形容词。句意：海拔的巨大差异导致了气候条件的巨大变化。根据中英文提示“巨大的”以及首字母“v”，对应的英文形容词是“vast”，在句中作定语修饰名词“range”，“vast range”表示“巨大的范围”，符合语境。故填vast。 16．I only saw Helen on the r (罕见的) occasions when I went into her shop. 【答案】rare/are 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我只有在去海伦的店里那些罕见的场合才会见到她。根据中英文提示 “罕见的”以及首字母“r”，对应的英文形容词是“rare”，在句中作定语修饰名词“occasions”，“rare occasions”表示“罕见的场合”，符合语境。故填rare。 17．Wasting food absolutely needs to become a socially immoral thing to do — much like throwing g (垃圾) on the ground. 【答案】garbage/arbage 【详解】考查名词。句意：浪费食物的行为绝对应该被视为一种不道德的举动——就像乱扔垃圾一样。所填词在动名词throwing之后作宾语，要用名词。garbage是不可数名词，表示“垃圾”，符合题干要求。故填garbage。 18．Not until I returned did I realize that getting rid of a busy u (城市的) life was the best for me. 【答案】urban/rban 【详解】考查形容词。句意：直到我回来，我才意识到摆脱繁忙的城市生活对我来说才是最好的。所填词作定语修饰名词life，要用形容词。urban是形容词，表示“城市的”，符合题干要求。故填urban。 19．Faced with serious traffic jam, we should take a series of effective measures to t (解决) this problem. 【答案】tackle/ackle 【详解】考查动词。句意：面对严重的交通堵塞，我们应该采取一系列有效措施来解决这个问题。此处为动词，作目的状语（“to + 动词原形”构成不定式），根据首字母“t”及汉语提示“解决”，应为动词tackle；不定式符号to后接动词原形，所以此处用tackle的原形即可，符合句意。故填tackle。 20．A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea level provide (证据) of a dramatic change in the global climate. 【答案】evidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：海洋和大气变暖，加上冰层融化和海平面上升，为全球气候的剧烈变化提供了证据。根据汉语提示“证据”，以及上文provide可知，此处应填名词作宾语，evidence表示“证据”，为不可数名词。故填evidence。 21．At the Halloween party, children dressed in colorful c (服装，戏装) ran around the garden, laughing and shouting. 【答案】costumes/ostumes 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在万圣节派对上，孩子们穿着五颜六色的服装在花园里跑来跑去，又笑又叫。根据首字母c和汉语提示“服装，戏装”可知，此处应填名词costume；由children 可知，孩子们穿的服装不止一件，应用复数形式costumes，作dressed in的宾语。故填costumes。 22．I suppose I was looking for an (职业) which was going to be an adventure. 【答案】occupation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我想我当时在寻找一种充满冒险的职业。“职业”常见英文表达为“occupation”，根据空前不定冠词“an”可知，此处用名词单数形式作宾语。故填occupation。 23．My friend recommend me a good Italian restaurant in the (市区的) area. 【答案】downtown/urban 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的朋友向我推荐了市中心一家不错的意大利餐厅。根据汉语提示“市区的”可知，用形容词downtown/urban作定语修饰名词area，故填downtown/urban。 24．Her kind (性格) made her popular among her friends and classmates. 【答案】character/personality 【详解】考查名词。句意：她善良的性格使她在朋友和同学中很受欢迎。“性格”在句中作主语，可用名词character或personality，表示她善良的性格，用单数形式。故填character/personality。 25．The old house was covered in (灰尘) after years of being empty. 【答案】dust 【详解】考查名词。句意：这栋老房子空置多年，布满了灰尘。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词dust“灰尘”为不可数名词，作宾语，满足句意要求。故填dust。 26．The agreement strengthened the (纽带) between the two countries. 【答案】bond/bonds 【详解】考查名词。句意：该协议加强了两国之间的纽带。根据汉语提示和定冠词the可知，表示“纽带”应用名词bond作宾语，为可数名词，根据句意，即可用单数，也可用复数。故填bond(s)。 27． (有影响力的) painters, like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 【答案】Influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有影响力的画家，如列奥纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的艺术作品。空处修饰名词painters，用形容词形式作定语。形容词“有影响力的”英文为influential，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Influential。 28．It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of (家具) inside the house. 【答案】furniture 【详解】考查名词。句意：搬动房子里所有的家具花了他很大的精力。介词of后接名词形式，名词“家具”英文为furniture，是不可数名词，作宾语。故填furniture。 29．Our findings have far-reaching c (后果) for researchers. 【答案】consequences/onsequences 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的发现对研究人员有深远的后果。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“后果”及首字母“c”可知，应为名词consequence，且为可数名词，结合语境，研究发现的后果通常不止一个，所以此处应用复数形式consequences。故填consequences。 30．In the second group of states, direct i (干涉，干预) in the economy was limited. 【答案】intervention/ntervention 【详解】考查名词。句意：在第二组国家中，对经济的直接干预是有限的。此处为名词作主语，根据汉语提示“干涉，干预”及首字母“i”可知，应为名词intervention，结合谓语动词was limited可知，此处为名词单数形式。故填intervention。 31．Yogurt is a good source of calcium (钙) for anymore, and especially good for people who have trouble d milk. 【答案】digesting/igesting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：酸奶是任何人的钙的良好来源，尤其是对那些消化牛奶有困难的人。根据a good source of calcium for anymore可知，此处指尤其对那些消化牛奶有困难的人来说，空处应用动词digest表示“消化”，have trouble (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”，所以此处应用动名词形式digesting作宾语。故填digesting。 32．We stopped our car by the road and took time to a (欣赏) the amazing sunset view. 【答案】admire/dmire；appreciate/ppreciate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们把车停在路边，花时间欣赏令人惊叹的日落美景。“欣赏”为“admire或者appreciate”；to后接动词原形。故填admire/appreciate。 33．The company’s s (稳定的) growth over the past five years has attracted the attention of many investors. 【答案】steady/teady/stable/table 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司过去五年的稳定增长吸引了众多投资者的注意。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词stable或steady，修饰名词growth，作定语。故填steady或stable。 34．The employment structure has changed d (巨大地) in light of recent development s in computers. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】dramatically/ramatically 【详解】考查副词。句意：随着计算机技术的发展，就业结构发生了巨大的变化。空处修饰谓语动词has changed，故应填副词；结合首字母和汉语提示可知，副词dramatically符合题意。故填dramatically。 35．Public awareness campaigns aim to educate people about the importance of biodiversity c (保护). 【答案】conservation/onservation 【详解】考查名词。句意：公众意识宣传活动旨在向人们普及生物多样性保护的重要性。空处作介词of的宾语，结合首字母和汉语提示可知，名词conservation符合题意，为不可数名词。故填conservation。 36．The group came together to celebrate what they called a m (奇迹) after the missing hikers were found safe in the mountains. 【答案】miracle/iracle 【详解】考查名词。句意：在失踪的徒步旅行者在山里被安全找到后，这群人聚在一起庆祝他们所说的奇迹。根据中英文提示可知用名词miracle“奇迹”，作宾语，不定冠词a提示用单数。故填miracle。 37．The community garden focuses on growing o (有机的，绿色的) vegetables for local families. 【答案】organic/rganic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：社区花园专注于为当地家庭种植有机蔬菜。根据首字母o及汉语提示“有机的，绿色的”可知，本空用形容词organic，修饰vegetables，作前置定语。故填organic。 38．The loud music from the party next door began to d (使分心) me from my studying. 【答案】distract/istract 【详解】考查动词。句意：隔壁聚会传来的喧闹的音乐开始使我在学习时分心。根据首字母d及汉语提示“使分心”可知，本空用动词distract，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故填distract。 39．Wouldn’t it be (贪婪的) to focus on money and fame rather than on something more meaningful? 【答案】greedy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：把注意力集中在金钱和名声上，而不是更有意义的事情上，这不是很贪婪吗？空格处用形容词作表语，“贪婪的”的形容词是greedy。故填greedy。 40． (显然), this new generation of wireless technology will transform people’s lives. 【答案】Apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，这一新一代的无线技术将会彻底改变人们的生活方式。根据汉语提示可知用副词apparently，修饰后文句子，首字母大写。故填Apparently。 41．My original (打算) was to spend a quiet weekend at home. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：我原本的打算是在家度过一个安静的周末。根据汉语提示可知用名词intention，作主语。故填intention。 42．Regular exercise is a (必需品) for maintaining good health. 【答案】necessity 【详解】考查名词。句意：定期锻炼是保持健康的必需品。此处为名词作表语，根据汉语提示“必需品”可知，应为名词necessity，由不定冠词“a”可知，用单数形式。故填necessity。 43．I booked my holiday through a local travel   (代理处). 【答案】agency 【详解】考查名词。句意：我通过当地的旅行社预订了假期。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“代理处”可知，应为名词agency。“travel agency”为固定搭配，意为“旅行社”，符合“预订假期”的语境，由不定冠词“a”可知，用单数形式。故填agency。 44．We can’t come to a (结论) until we have gathered all the necessary evidence. 【答案】conclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：在收集到所有必要的证据之前，我们不能得出结论。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“结论”可知，应为名词conclusion，come to a conclusion为固定搭配，意为“得出结论”，符合句意。故填conclusion。 45．Discouraging the students’ a for easy rewards is a matter of urgency. 【答案】appetite/ppetite 【详解】考查名词。句意：抑制学生对容易得到的奖励的欲望是当务之急。分析句子结构可知，students’后接名词形式，在句中作宾语，名词appetite，表示“强烈欲望，渴望”之意。故填appetite。 46．Huang excelled where he was working and made contributions to his country. 【答案】substantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：黄在他工作的地方表现出色，为他的国家做出了巨大的贡献。设空处单词作定语修饰名词contributions(贡献)，结合句意，用形容词substantial，意为“大量的；重大的”，符合语境。故填substantial。 47．Women are still a (少数) in some senior management positions of large companies. 【答案】minority 【详解】考查名词。句意：在一些大公司的高级管理职位中，女性仍然占少数。此处为名词作表语，根据汉语提示及空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用可数名词单数形式minority表示“少数”，be a minority意为“占少数”，符合句意。故填minority。 48．China plans to e (to make something longer or larger) its high-speed train network to more cities and regions, bringing greater convenience to people’s travel. 【答案】expand/xpand 【详解】考查动词。句意：中国计划将高铁网络扩展到更多城市和地区，为人们的出行带来更大便利。根据首字母e以及括号内释义“to make something longer or larger(使某物更长或更大)”可知，空处应填动词expand，意为“扩展”。plan to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，所以空处用动词原形。故填expand。 49．My English teacher is the most (有影响力的) mentor I’ve ever met in choosing my career path. 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的英语老师是我在选择职业道路时遇到的最有影响力的导师。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词“mentor”，根据汉语提示“有影响力的”可知，应为形容词influential。故填influential。 50．The (离开，退出) of a traditional craftsman from the industry may lead to a loss in the transmission of cultural heritage knowledge. 【答案】departure 【详解】考查名词。句意：传统工匠离开该行业可能会导致文化遗产知识传播的损失。根据汉语提示“离开，退出”可知，空格处涉及单词“departure”，意为“离开，退出”，为不可数名词，作主语。故填departure。 二、单句语法填空50题 1．Whatever our choices are, we should cherish and embrace these (memory) moments in life. 【答案】memorable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：无论我们做出何种选择，我们都应当珍惜并拥抱生活中这些令人难忘的时刻。修饰名词moments用形容词memorable，作定语。故填memorable。 2．During his (elect) campaign he promised to increase investment in education. 【答案】election 【详解】考查名词。句意：在竞选期间，他承诺增加对教育的投资。空处为修饰campaign，应用名词election，构成短语election campaign，意为“竞选活动”，符合句意，故填election。 3．In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong bond two people. 【答案】between 【详解】考查介词。句意：在一些文化中，友谊意味着两个人之间一种强大的终身纽带。空白处需填表示“之间”的介词。between专用于两者之间。故填between。 4．Doctors (commit) to fighting tropical diseases often work in remote field clinics under challenging conditions for years at a time. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：致力于对抗热带疾病的医生们常常要在艰苦的条件下在偏远的野外诊所工作数年之久。此处commit与doctors构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填committed。 5．To ensure the research findings are (access) to policymakers without scientific backgrounds, the team created simplified infographics alongside the technical report. 【答案】accessible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：为了确保研究结果能够被没有科学背景的政策制定者所理解，该团队在技术报告的同时还制作了简化的信息图表。空处在are之后，介词to之前，要用形容词形式作表语。access对应的形容词要在词尾加-ible，表示“可以理解的”，符合句意。故填accessible。 6．The saleswoman gently lifted up one of the dusty (shelf), trying not to get her hand dirty. 【答案】shelves 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：女售货员轻轻地抬起一个积满灰尘的架子，尽量不弄脏手。根据空前的one of the dusty可知，此处指“……之一”，应使用名词复数形式。故填shelves。 7．Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would (recite) in class the following day. 【答案】be recited 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我们的老师通常会布置每天的家庭作业，这些作业需要在第二天课堂上背诵。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，从句主语which指代先行词daily homework，此处指家庭作业被背诵，结合助动词would，应用过去将来时的被动语态，所以空处应填be+done的结构。故填be recited。 8．Keeping a journal develops (emotion) awareness and aids in problem-solving. 【答案】emotional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：写日记能培养情绪意识，有助于解决问题。此处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词awareness，emotion的形容词为emotional“情绪的”。故填emotional。 9．To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others need to equip themselves accurate world knowledge. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：为了达到预期的结果，那些想要对他人做好事的人需要用准确的世界知识武装自己。equip sb. with sth.是固定短语，意为“用……装备某人；使某人具备……”。故填with。 10．When we work, we must practice our skills (constant) until we are good at what we do. 【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：当我们工作时，我们必须不断地练习我们的技能，直到我们擅长我们所做的事情。空处修饰动词practice，结合“until we are good at what we do”可知，副词constantly符合题意，意为“不断地”，作状语。故填constantly。 11． (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own assessment of the situation. 【答案】Apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己对形势的评估。所给词“apparent”是形容词，意为“明显的”。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子，作状语，因此应将“apparent” 变为副词形式“apparently”，意为“显然”。故填Apparently。 12．Tai chi helps train a sense of balance and also (dramatic) improves muscle strength and flexibility. 【答案】dramatically 【详解】考查副词。句意：太极拳有助于训练平衡感，还能显著增强肌肉力量和柔韧性。所填词作状语修饰谓语动词improves，要用副词形式。dramatic是形容词，对应的副词要在词尾加-ally。故填dramatically。 13．The book about the flu virus was (subsequent) translated into 15 languages. 【答案】subsequently 【详解】考查副词。句意：这本关于流感病毒的书随后被翻译成15种语言。所给词“subsequent”是形容词，意为“随后的”。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要一个副词来修饰动词“translated”（被翻译），因此应将“subsequent”变为副词形式“subsequently”，意为“随后；后来”。故填subsequently。 14．In the future, we will be using (advance) technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在未来，我们每天都会使用先进的技术来自动控制家里几乎所有的东西。空处修饰名词technology，应用advance的形容词形式advanced“先进的”作定语。故填advanced。 15．When I first heard of this new (restrict), I felt a brief sense of freedom. 【答案】restriction 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我第一次听说这项新的限制措施时，我有一种短暂的自由感。this new作定语修饰所填词，该词要用单数名词。restrict是动词，对应的名词在词尾加-ion。故填restriction。 16．I really appreciate (have) time to relax with you at the beautiful seaside. 【答案】having 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的很感激能有时间与你一起在美丽的海边放松身心。appreciate doing sth.是固定结构，表示“感激做某事”，have的V-ing形式是having。故填having。 17．The newcomer is always greedy something new. 【答案】for 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个新来的人总是渴望一些新鲜事物。be greedy for...是固定短语，意为“渴望……；贪求……”。故填for。 18．It was (reward) to see how our work helped bring people together from different cultures. 【答案】rewarding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看到我们的工作帮助不同文化背景的人们走到一起，这是很有意义的。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作表语，reward的形容词形式是rewarding，意为“值得的；有意义的”，符合语境。故填rewarding。 19．Lang Ping is loved not only because of her (devote) to her career, but also because of her huge influence on the sport of volleyball. 【答案】devotion 【详解】考查名词。句意：郎平之所以受到人们的喜爱，不仅是因为她对事业的执着投入，还因为她对排球运动产生了巨大的影响。作介词的宾语，用名词devotion，不可数，故填devotion。 20．The social environment is extremely (influence) when we’re making decisions. 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在我们做决策时，社会环境的影响是极其巨大的。作表语，用形容词influential，故填influential。 21．Eventually, he took exercise regularly with the (intend) of staying healthy. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：最终，他有规律地锻炼，目的是保持健康。此空应填名词作介词with的宾语，intend的名词形式是intention，意为“意图，目的”，with the intention of，为固定短语，意为“目的是……”，符合“锻炼的目的是保持健康”的语境。故填intention。 22．The candies were divided out among all the kids, but they could not agree upon the (divide) of them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】division 【详解】考查名词。句意：糖果被分发给了所有的孩子，但他们对糖果的分配（方式或结果）意见不一致。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作介词upon的宾语，division“分配”，为不可数名词。故填division。 23．I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the (depart) of the last bus to Prague. 【答案】departure 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在最后一班开往布拉格的巴士出发前30分钟抵达维也纳。根据空前的the可知，空处应用名词作before的宾语。departure意为“离开”。故填departure。 24．Only when we find peace in our hearts can we find a (harmony) world. 【答案】harmonious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有当我们内心获得平静，我们才能发现一个和谐的世界。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰名词world；harmonious为形容词，表示“和谐的、融洽的”，符合句意。故填harmonious。 25．He studied hard, and in （consequent）he passed the exam. 【答案】consequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：他学习很努力，结果他通过了考试。空处应用名词，作宾语；consequence为名词，表示“结果、后果”，介词短语in consequence表示“因此、结果”，符合句意。故填consequence。 26．It would have been easy to rely my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：我本可以轻易地依赖自己对这位从未离家超过几百英里的公路建设者的假设。分析句子可知，这里考查rely on，表“依靠”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填on。 27．The prices of vegetables are reported to have a (tend) to increase in some cities. 【答案】tendency 【详解】考查名词。句意：据报道，一些城市的蔬菜价格有上涨的趋势。此处位于不定冠词“a”后，需用名词单数形式，tend是动词，意为“倾向于”，其名词形式是tendency，意为“趋势”，符合语境。故填tendency。 28．Next weekend at this time, the entire family (gather) at our grandparents’ house, enjoying a delicious homemade meal. 【答案】will be gathering 【详解】考查时态。句意：下周末的这个时候，全家人将聚集在我们祖父母家，享受一顿美味的自制大餐。句子描述“下周末这个时间点”（Next weekend at this time）正在发生的动作，强调将来具体时刻的持续状态，需用将来进行时（will be + 现在分词），故填will be gathering。 29．You can ask him about this question, for he is a (special) in this subject. 【答案】specialist 【详解】考查名词。句意：你可以问他这个问题，因为他是这方面的专家。空处应用名词作表语，special的名词形式为specialist“专家”，由a可知，应用单数形式，a specialist in...“……方面的专家”。故填specialist。 30．Send my best (greet) to your whole family when you go back. 【答案】greetings 【详解】考查名词。句意：你回去时请代我向你全家问好。空处应填名词greeting“问候”作宾语，greeting作可数名词，前面无限定词，此处应用复数形式，故填greetings。 31．From your words I reach the (conclude) that you didn’t attend the lecture. 【答案】conclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：从你的话里，我得出了你没有参加讲座的结论。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词，conclusion，表“结论”，符合语境，reach the conclusion，是固定搭配，意为“得出结论”。故填conclusion。 32．After the police took action, (thief) are hardly seen around here. 【答案】thieves 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：警察采取行动后，这里几乎看不到小偷了。thief是可数名词，结合are可知应用名词复数作主语，故填thieves。 33．Whenever he came back home, he brought some books (suit) for his child. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每次他回家，都会带一些适合他孩子的书。此处修饰名词“books”，需用形容词作后置定语，suit为动词，意为“适合”，其形容词形式是suitable，意为“合适的”，suitable for为固定搭配，意为“适合……的”，符合语境。故填suitable。 34．He is too (self) to share his things with you, so you can’t rely on him for help. 【答案】selfish 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他太自私了，不会和你分享他的东西，所以你不能指望他帮忙。此空应填形容词作表语，selfish，表“自私的”，符合语境。故填selfish。 35．His efforts to raise money for his program were vain, because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：他为自己的项目筹款的努力白费了，因为没有人表现出丝毫要从口袋里掏出一分钱的意愿。根据下文“because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.”可知，他的努力是徒劳地，短语in vain“徒劳，白费”符合题意。故填in。 36．The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other. 【答案】it 【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：这两个女孩长得太像了，以至于陌生人很难分辨出谁是谁。空后面的to tell one from the other是真正的宾语，此处应用it作形式宾语。故填it。 37．So you should try to avoid any   (expose) to the spreading virus by wearing a surgical mask in public, washing your hands properly. 【答案】exposure 【详解】考查名词。句意：因此，你应该尽量避免接触正在传播的病毒，在公共场所佩戴医用口罩，正确洗手。此处作动词“avoid”的宾语，且有形容词“any”修饰，需用名词形式，所给词“expose”为动词，意为“暴露”，其名词形式是exposure，意为“接触，暴露”。故填exposure。 38．I'm a student of Senior One in a middle school. I'm writing to you because I want humans to save the (endanger) tigers. 【答案】endangered 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我是一名中学高一的学生。我给您写信是因为我希望人类能够拯救濒危的老虎。空处修饰tigers，表示“濒危的”用形容词endangered作前置定语。故填endangered。 39． (economy) development is necessary if we want to improve society. 【答案】Economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果我们想改善社会，经济发展是必要的。空处修饰名词development，应用形容词形式economic“经济的”，作前置定语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Economic。 40．Many elementary and (second) schools set up libraries for use by all the students and teachers. 【答案】secondary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多小学和中学都建立了图书馆，供所有学生和教师使用。根据空后名词schools可知，此处应用形容词secondary“中学的”，作前置定语，修饰schools。故填secondary。 41．The actors’ acting was so (real) that for a moment, the audience forgot their own world and was completely drawn into the story. 【答案】realistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：演员们的表演如此逼真，以至于有那么一刻，观众忘记了自己的世界，完全被吸引到故事中去了。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，再结合句意“逼真的”为realistic。故填realistic。 42．Our company’s marketing strategies this year will have multiple (emphasis), including social media promotion and brand building. 【答案】emphases 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我们公司今年的营销策略将有多个重点，其中包括社交媒体推广和品牌建设。空处需填名词作宾语，根据上文multiple可知，空处为复数。故填emphases。 43．The factory, whose energy (consume) is strictly monitored by the government, has adopted new eco-friendly technologies. 【答案】consumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家工厂采用了新的环保技术，其能源消耗受到政府的严格监控。空格处需要名词作主语，且由形容词性物主代词whose修饰，consume为动词，意为“消耗”，其名词形式为consumption，意为“消耗”，是不可数名词。故填consumption。 44．Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he paid us back by his (commit) to saving us from a slow but painful death. 【答案】commitment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持活了下去，而且他用他的承诺回报我们，把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中解救出来。his是形容词性物主代词，因此空格处是名词，作介词by的宾语。commit的名词是commitment，是不可数名词。故填commitment。 45．The (compare) of various study methods allowed students to identify the most affective strategies for their learning styles. 【答案】comparison 【详解】考查名词。句意：对各种学习方法的比较使学生能够确定最适合他们学习风格的有效策略。compare是动词，其名词形式为comparison，意为“比较”，在此处作主语。故填comparison。 46．She greeted everyone with an (infect) smile that instantly lifted the mood in the room. 【答案】infectious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她带着极具感染力的笑容向大家打招呼，这一笑容立刻让房间里的气氛变得欢快起来。修饰名词smile用形容词infectious，作定语。故填infectious。 47．At the station, in contrast Toronto, they heard people talking in French. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：在车站，与多伦多相比，他们听到人们用法语交谈。根据上文in contrast可知此处为固定短语“in contrast to”，表示“与……形成对比”，应填介词表示对比的对象是多伦多。故填to。 48．You will have to work out (month) budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal. 【答案】monthly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你们需要制定每月的预算计划，一旦做出错误的决定，可能会给公司带来巨大的损失。修饰名词budgets用形容词monthly，故填monthly。 49．Vocational education generally prepares people to work in a specific (occupy) by teaching theory in the classroom. 【答案】occupation 【详解】考查名词。句意：职业教育通常通过在课堂上教授理论，使人们为从事特定职业做好准备。本空作in的宾语，应填名词occupation“职业”，根据空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填occupation。 50．The flood will threaten the life (secure) of people in the small village. 【答案】security 【详解】考查名词。句意：洪水将威胁到这个小村庄里人们的生命安全。此空应填名词作宾语，security，表“安全”，为不可数名词。故填security。 考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．Every one of us may plant a tree in the school, or we can organize a t (彻底的) cleaning on the campus. 【答案】thorough/horough/total/otal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们每个人都可以在学校种一棵树，或者我们可以在校园里组织一次彻底的大扫除。根据中英文提示，“彻底的”对应的英语单词是“thorough/ total”，在句中作定语修饰名词“cleaning”，符合语境。故填thorough/ total。 2．He b (弯腰) down and picked up a book from the floor. 【答案】bent/ent 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他弯下腰，从地板上捡起一本书。根据单词首字母以及中文提示“弯腰”，可知应填动词bend，结合后文picked up可知，为过去发生的事情，此处应用一般过去时，bend的过去式为bent，符合语境。故填bent。 3．The sun e (出现) from behind the clouds, bathing the mountain in golden light. 【答案】emerged/merged 【详解】考查时态。句意：太阳从云层后出现，使那座山沐浴在金色的阳光中。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“出现”应用动词emerge；根据语境可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，即emerge用过去式。故填emerged。 4．Education is the most powerful w (武器) that you can use to change the world. 【答案】weapon/eapon 【详解】考查名词。句意：教育是你可以用来改变世界的最有力的武器。此处为名词作表语，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“武器”应用可数名词weapon，结合前面的定冠词“the”以及形容词最高级“most powerful”可知，此处应用单数形式。故填weapon。 5．Their o (杰出的) acts of courage mean that we will always remember them. 【答案】outstanding/utstanding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们杰出的勇敢行为意味着我们会永远记住他们。此处为形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词“acts (行为)”，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“杰出的”应用形容词outstanding，outstanding acts of courage意为“杰出的勇敢行为”，符合语境。故填outstanding。 6．Police warned that acts of v (暴力) would not be tolerated. 【答案】violence/iolence 【详解】考查名词。句意：警方警告说，暴力行为将不会被容忍。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填名词violence“暴力”，作介词of的宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填violence。 7．Wearing a suit and tie is a d for a business meeting. 【答案】demand/emand 【详解】考查名词。句意：商务会议要求穿西装打领带。结合不定冠词a、首字母和句意，用单数名词demand (要求)作表语。故填demand。 8．Seeing the misfortune of many poor r (乡村的) families, Zhang Guimei spared no effort to raise funds and set up a free high school for girls. 【答案】rural/ural 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看到许多贫困农村家庭的不幸，张桂梅不遗余力地筹集资金，为女孩们建立了一所免费高中。根据汉语提示“乡村的”和首字母提示“r”可知，此处为形容词rural，作定语修饰名词families。故填rural。 9．A sudden feeling of pain struck my chest, and I held onto it trying to e (缓解) the pain. 【答案】ease/ase 【详解】考查动词。句意：一阵突如其来的疼痛袭上我的胸口，我按住胸口试图缓解疼痛。根据首字母“e”以及中文提示“缓解”，这里需要一个动词，“ease”有“缓解；减轻”之意，符合语境。try to do sth.表示“试图做某事”，所以用动词原形“ease”。故填ease。 10．She became quite angry, w (抽出) her hand from her friend and left without a word. 【答案】withdrew/ithdrew 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她变得非常生气，从朋友手中抽回手，一言不发地离开了。根据汉语提示 和首字母可知，此处为动词withdraw，作谓语，结合前文became可知，句子使用的一般过去时，因此用过去式withdrew。故填withdrew。 11．You can take part in debates, quizzes, or e (作文) competitions in which you don’t have to spend money and can enrich your knowledge. 【答案】essay/ssay 【详解】考查名词。句意：你可以参加辩论、测验或作文比赛，这些活动不需要你花钱，还能丰富你的知识。根据中英文提示可知，essay“作文”，名词作定语修饰competitions，essay competitions表示“作文比赛”。故填essay。 12．The bay’s beautiful scenery c (包括) a blue sea, silver beaches, stretches of green woods and sail boats passing through. 【答案】comprises/omprises 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个海湾的美丽景色包括一片蓝色的大海、银色的沙滩、连绵的绿色树林和驶过的帆船。此处为动词作谓语，根据首字母“c”及汉语提示“包括”，对应的动词是comprise；句子描述的是客观存在的景色，应用一般现在时，主语“The bay’s beautiful scenery”为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式comprises，符合句意。故填comprises。 13．I would deeply appreciate it if you could give me the p (珍贵的) chance to serve as a volunteer. 【答案】precious/recious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你能给我这个珍贵的机会去担任志愿者，我将不胜感激。此处为形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词chance；根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“珍贵的”应用形容词precious，precious chance意为“珍贵的机会”，符合语境。故填precious。 14．The draft of my speech has been prepared and I sincerely hope you can help me p (润色) it. 【答案】polish/olish 【详解】考查动词。句意：我的演讲稿已经准备好了，我真诚地希望你能帮我润色一下。根据句意以及中英文提示可知，空处应填动词polish“润色”，help sb. do sth.为固定短语，表示“帮助某人做某事”，空处应填动词原形polish。故填polish。 15．I have extensive experience working as a language a (助理) in an international organization. 【答案】assistant/ssistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在一家国际组织担任语言助理，拥有丰富的经验。结合不定冠词a、首字母和汉语提示，用单数名词assistant作宾语。故填assistant。 16．He started to feel that the boat was more like a p (监狱) and time passed very slowly. 【答案】prison/rison 【详解】考查名词。句意：他开始觉得这艘船更像一座监狱，时间过得很慢。空处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母p开头且表示“监狱”含义的单词为prison，空前有不定冠词a修饰，所以用单数形式。故填prison。 17．You need to e (扩大) your Chinese vocabulary, thus potentially helping you better fit into the class. 【答案】enlarge/nlarge/expand/xpand 【详解】考查动词原形。句意：你需要扩大你的中文词汇量，从而有可能帮助你更好地融入课堂。结合首字母和汉语提示，用动词enlarge/expand，need to do sth.，该空用动词原形形式。故填enlarge/expand。 18．The f (发现) add heat to an already fierce debate over environmental pollution. 【答案】findings/indings 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些发现给已经激烈的环境污染辩论火上浇油。结合首字母和汉语提示，空处应使用名词finding，谓语动词add为原形形式，表明主语需用复数形式，finding应变为复数形式findings。故填findings。 19．He couldn’t help but f (皱眉) when he saw the mess his children had made in the living room. 【答案】frown/rown 【详解】考查动词。句意：当看到孩子们把客厅弄得一团糟时，他忍不住皱起了眉头。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“皱眉”应用frown，为动词，且这里考查couldn’t help but do，是英语中一个常用的固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事；不得不做某事”，所以这里应用动词原形。故填frown。 20．The company enjoys a worldwide (名声) for the quality of design. 【答案】reputation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司因其设计质量在全球享有盛誉。“名声”为“reputation”作宾语。空前有不定冠词，故用单数。故填reputation。 21．The government l (发射) the rocket in March,1980. 【答案】launched/aunched 【详解】考查动词。句意：该国政府于1980年3月发射了这枚火箭。根据中英文提示可知用动词launch，结合后文March, 1980可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填launched。 22．Yesterday, the doctor i (坚持，坚持认为) that she should stay in hospital for two months. 【答案】insisted/nsisted 【详解】考查动词。句意：昨天，医生坚决要求她住院两个月。根据中英文提示可知用动词insist，作谓语，结合上文Yesterday可知为一般过去时。故填insisted。 23．The movie set used (人造) snow to create a winter scene in summer. 【答案】artificial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：电影布景用人造雪在夏天营造出冬天的场景。空处修饰名词snow，应填形容词作定语，表示“人造的”使用形容词artificial。故填artificial。 24．Sarah looked up with a puzzled (皱眉) on her face. 【答案】frown 【详解】考查名词。句意：萨拉抬起头，脸上带着困惑的皱眉表情。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“皱眉”应用名词frown，为可数名词，作介词后宾语，且由空前a可知，这里应用单数形式。故填frown。 25．Scientists need to e (评估) how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is. 【答案】evaluate/valuate 【详解】考查动词。句意：科学家们需要评估这种新材料的抗磨损能力，以证明它的价值。此处为动词作谓语，根据汉语提示“评估”及首字母“e”可知，应为动词evaluate，need to后接动词原形。故填evaluate。 26．The students return in September for the start of the new a (学业的) year. 【答案】academic/cademic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学生们会在九月返校，开启新的学年。根据中英文提示可知用形容词academic，修饰名词year。故填academic。 27．The two countries signed an agreement to jointly l (发射) satellites. 【答案】launch/aunch 【详解】考查动词。句意：两国签署协议，联合发射卫星。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词launch“发射”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填launch。 28．From his (困惑的) look, we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a question to him. 【答案】confused/puzzled 【详解】考查形容词。句意：从他困惑的表情中，我们可以看出他没有料到我们会向他提出这样的问题。空处作定语，修饰名词look，结合汉语提示可知，形容词confused/puzzled符合题意，故填confused/puzzled。 29．A dolphin (跳跃) out of water just now. 【答案】leapt/leaped 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：刚才一只海豚从水里跳了出来。“跳跃”leap，根据时间状语just now可知，句子应用一般过去时，动词用过去式形式leapt/ leaped。故填leapt/ leaped。 30．He has always wanted to be a like her father, who worked for a local newspaper before retirement. 【答案】ambitious/mbitious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他一直想成为像她父亲那样有抱负的人，她父亲退休前在一家当地报纸工作。空处用于to be之后，使用形容词，与be构成系表结构，结合首字母提示以及句中worked for a local newspaper before retirement可知，此处表示像她的父亲一样有抱负的人，使用形容词ambitious，表示“有抱负的”，符合题意。故填ambitious。 31．Last week, a powerful typhoon s (吹过) the coastal city, causing severe damage to buildings and infrastructure. 【答案】swept/wept 【详解】考查动词。句意：上周，一场强台风席卷了这座沿海城市，对建筑和基础设施造成严重破坏。结合首字母提示可知，“吹过”应用动词sweep，作谓语，结合“Last week”可知，时态应用一般过去时。故填swept。 32．The CEO had to (辞职) due to the company’s funding issue. 【答案】resign 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于公司资金方面的问题，这位首席执行官不得不辞职。根据汉语提示可知用动词resign，且位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形。故填resign。 33．She devoted her life to helping earthquake (受害者) rebuild their homes and lives. 【答案】victims 【详解】考查名词。句意：她毕生致力于帮助地震灾民重建家园和生活。根据汉语提示“受害者”可知，此处为名词victim，作宾语，结合下文“their homes and lives.”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填victims。 34．Located in the heart of the city, this (植物学的) garden is a heaven for nature lovers 【答案】botanical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座植物园位于市中心，是自然爱好者的天堂。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“植物学的”应用botanical，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填botanical。 35．The train b for Shanghai will depart from Platform 3 in ten minutes. 【答案】bound/ound 【详解】考查形容词。句意：开往上海的火车将在10分钟后从3号站台开出。be bound for开往； 准备到……去，在句中作定语，修饰名词train。故填bound。 36．Athletes’ performance was evaluated through o (based on facts rather than on personal feelings or opinions) measurements like speed and accuracy. 【答案】objective/bjective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：运动员的表现是通过客观的测量方式来评估的，例如速度和准确性。根据首字母和英文释义“基于事实而非个人情感或观点”可知，此空应填objective，表“客观的”，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词，符合语境。故填objective。 37．After months of unemployment and with no money left, he felt (绝望的) and didn’t know how to feed his family. 【答案】desperate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：失业几个月后，身无分文，他感到绝望，不知道如何养活家人。空格处用形容词作表语，“绝望的”的形容词是desperate，故填desperate。 38．She (怒目而视) at him angrily. 【答案】glared 【详解】考查动词。句意：她生气地怒目而视着他。根据汉语提示“怒目而视”以及后文at him angrily可知，此处应填动词glare作谓语，且结合语境可知动作已发生，应用一般过去时。故填glared。 39．He is a n and playwright from South Wales. 【答案】novelist/ovelis 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是一位来自南威尔士的小说家和剧作家。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处应用名词novelist表示“小说家”，和后面的名词playwright（剧作家）并列作表语，由空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填novelist。 40．He was a very m man and he never forced his opinions upon others. 【答案】modest/odest 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是一个非常谦逊的人，从不把自己的意见强加给别人。根据句意可推测，此处想表达他性格谦逊，结合首字母提示“m”，可知应填形容词modest，意为“谦逊的”，作定语修饰名词man。故填modest。 41．My son is a quiet and (温和的) man who likes sports and enjoys life． 【答案】gentle 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的儿子是一个安静温和的人，他喜欢运动，享受生活。根据汉语提示“温和的”以及空前的“quiet and”可知，此处应填形容词gentle，与quiet并列作定语修饰名词man。故填gentle。 42． (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings. 【答案】Relevant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：海外工作需要相关的工作经验。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填入形容词relevant，表示“相关的”，作定语修饰名词短语work experience，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Relevant。 43．She refused to (作弊) on her exams, believing in the value of hard work and honesty. 【答案】cheat 【详解】考查动词。句意：她拒绝在考试中作弊，坚信努力和诚实的价值。“作弊”用动词cheat，在不定式符号to后用原形，构成不定式短语作宾语。故填cheat。 44．Social media plays a role in raising awareness about the harmful effects of (不合法的) wildlife trade. 【答案】illegal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：社交媒体在提高人们对非法野生动物贸易有害影响的认识方面发挥着作用。“不合法的”修饰名词词组wildlife trade，用形容词illegal作定语。故填illegal。 45．John decided to (原谅) himself for past mistakes and found new confidence moving forward. 【答案】forgive 【详解】考查动词。句意：约翰决定原谅自己过去的错误，并在前进的道路上找到了新的信心。“原谅”用动词forgive，因decide to do sth.是固定用法，用不定式作宾语，意为“决定做某事”，所以forgive用原形。故填forgive。 46．The papers were quick to (谴责) him for his mistakes. 【答案】condemn 【详解】考查动词。句意：报纸很快就因他的错误而谴责他。be quick to do sth.为固定用法，意为 “急于做某事”，to后接动词原形。condemn有 “谴责”之意，符合语境。故填condemn。 47．Judging from his strong (口音), we know he is from Guangdong province. 【答案】accent 【详解】考查名词。句意：从他浓重的口音判断，我们知道他来自广东省。根据汉语提示“口音”，以及上文 his strong 可知此处应填单数名词作宾语，accent 表示“口音”，为可数名词。故填accent。 48．He p to be seriously interested in what she said. 【答案】pretended/retended 【详解】考查动词。句意：他假装对她所说的话非常感兴趣。根据首字母提示p可知，应用动词pretend“假装”，此处描述过去发生的事情，时态使用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填pretended。 49．He bought her a diamond ring on their tenth wedding a . 【答案】anniversary/nniversary 【详解】考查名词。句意：在他们的十周年结婚纪念日上，他给她买了一枚钻石戒指。根据单词首字母以及句意“纪念日”以及上文wedding可知，应填名词anniversary，作宾语，此处为特指应用单数形式。故填anniversary。 50．He began to (整理) the flowers in the vase to look more beautiful. 【答案】arrange 【详解】考查动词。句意：他开始整理花瓶里的花，让它们看起来更漂亮。“整理”用动词arrange，用原形构成不定式短语to arrange作宾语。故填arrange。 二、单句语法填空50题 1．It’s a good idea to do a variety of exercises on a daily or a (week) basis. 【答案】weekly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每天或每周做各种各样的练习是个好主意。空格处修饰名词“basis”，需用提示词的形容词形式。所给词“week”是名词，其形容词形式为“weekly”，意为“每周的”。“on a weekly basis”表示“每周一次”，符合语境。故填weekly。 2．The athlete was banned the game for two years after failing a drug test. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：这名运动员因在药物检测中呈阳性结果而被禁止参加比赛两年。短语be banned from表示“被禁止……”。故填from。 3．The wide income gap between urban and rural areas can neither contribute to the (stable) of a country nor promote its economic development. 【答案】stability 【详解】考查名词。句意：城乡收入差距过大既不利于国家的稳定，也不利于国家的经济发展。空处应用名词作介词to的宾语，stable的名词形式为stability“稳定”，为不可数名词。故填stability。 4．All eyes glued to me closely, I tried to clear my throat to say something, but my heart pounded (violent). 【答案】violently 【详解】考查副词。句意：所有的目光都紧紧地盯着我，我努力清了清嗓子想说点什么，但我的心剧烈地跳动着。空处修饰动词pounded，应用violent的副词形式violently作状语，意为“剧烈地；极度地”， heart pounded violently表示“心脏剧烈地跳动，心跳地很厉害”，符合语境。故填violently。 5．When you practice your speech, you can have others join in the (evaluate) of your strong points and your weaknesses. 【答案】evaluation 【详解】考查名词。句意：当你练习演讲时，你可以让其他人参与对你的优点和缺点的评价。定冠词“the”后应接名词，作介词“in”的宾语，evaluate为动词，其名词形式evaluation意为“评价”，为不可数名词。故填evaluation。 6．As is often reported, many wild animals are being hunted and killed (illegal) for their fur, from which the hunters can make great profits. 【答案】illegally 【详解】考查副词。句意：正如经常报道的那样，许多野生动物因皮毛而被非法猎杀，猎人可以从中获得巨额利润。副词illegally作状语，修饰动词短语are being hunted and killed。故填illegally。 7．I’m trying to learn Spanish, and I find it very (demand). 【答案】demanding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我正在努力学习西班牙语，我发现它要求很高。find+宾语+宾补，形容词demanding (要求高的)作宾补。故填demanding。 8．Nearly every job is (potential) at risk in the long run. 【答案】potentially 【详解】考查副词。句意：从长远来看，几乎所有的工作都有潜在的风险。副词potentially作状语修饰介词短语at risk。故填potentially。 9．The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading (novel). 【答案】novelist 【详解】考查名词。句意：《远大前程》受到了广泛的评论和高度赞扬，它的出版加强了狄更斯作为主要小说家的地位。结合不定冠词a，空处应使用单数名词novelist (小说家)，作as的宾语。故填novelist。 10．He raised some problems in our plan and then proceeded (give) us some suggestions. 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：他指出了我们计划中的一些问题，然后接着给了我们一些建议。根据固定用法proceed to do sth.意为“接着做某事（指做完一件事后继续做另一件事）”可知，此处使用动词不定式形式作宾语，符合此处“先指出问题，再给出建议”的语境，而“proceed doing sth.”表示“继续做同一件事”，与语境不符。故填to give。 11．We can live a peaceful life because of economic (stable). 【答案】stability 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们能够过上和平的生活，因为经济稳定。设空处为宾语，应用名词stability，意为“稳定”，不可数名词，故填stability。 12．He (withdraw) some money from the bank and then went home. 【答案】withdrew 【详解】考查时态。句意：他从银行取了些钱，然后回家了。句中and then went home表明事情发生在过去，and连接两个并列的动作，时态应保持一致，所以withdraw（取[钱] ）也应用一般过去时，withdraw的过去式是withdrew，故填withdrew。 13．He showed great (wise) when he settled the quarrel (wise). 【答案】 wisdom wisely 【详解】考查名词和副词。句意：他在明智地解决这场争吵时表现出了极大的智慧。第一个空在形容词great后，需名词形式wisdom“智慧”作动词showed的宾语，不可数名词；第二个空在settled the quarrel后需副词形式wisely“明智地”修饰动词settled，作状语。故填①wisdom；②wisely。 14．There have been large (quantity) of rain in this area this year. 【答案】quantities 【详解】考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：今年这个地区降雨量很大。根据上文have been可知，本句的谓语动词为复数形式，再根据空格前的large可知，此处用固定短语large quantities of表示“大量”，后面跟名词复数或者不可数名词，此处跟的是不可数名词rain。故填quantities。 15．He is always (modesty) about his achievements in his work. 【答案】modest 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他总是对自己工作中的成就很谦虚。is为系动词，系动词后常接形容词作表语。modesty为名词，意为“谦逊”，需将其转换为形容词modest，be modest about为固定搭配，意为“对……谦逊”，故填modest。 16．I was much (puzzle) why he raised such a (puzzle) question. 【答案】 puzzled puzzling 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我非常困惑他为什么提出这样一个令人困惑的问题。第一空应填puzzled作表语，体现“我”内心的感受，即“感到困惑的”；第二空应填puzzling作定语修饰question，说明问题的性质是“令人困惑的”。故填puzzled；puzzling。 17．Much our amusement, no one appeared at the party. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：令我们非常好笑的是，聚会上一个人也没来。分析句子可知，设空处应填介词，结合句意“令……”是to，“much to one’s amusement”表示“令某人非常好笑的是”。故填to。 18． (bare) had the thought come to me when it was gone again. 【答案】Barely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我刚有这个念头，它又消失了。此处是barely...when...引导的时间状语从句，意为“刚……就……”，否定副词barely位于句首，后面的句子需用倒装结构，首字母应大写，故填Barely。 19．Hearing that Chinese Language （associate） is recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming Chinese students, I am gladly writing to apply for this job. 【答案】Association 【详解】考查名词。句意：得知中国语言协会正在招募一些志愿者来迎接即将到来的中国学生，我非常高兴地写信申请这份工作。空处应用名词，作主语；association为名词，表示“协会”，Chinese Language Association表示“中国语言协会”，为专有名词，首字母应用大写。故填Association。 20．What’s more, lectures about Chinese history, (architect), poems, or even food, are surely welcome. 【答案】architecture 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，有关中国历史、建筑、诗歌甚至食物的讲座当然也很受欢迎。空处和上文history，以及下文poems，food并列作介词about的宾语，结合句意，名词architecture“建筑”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填architecture。 21．The researchers will (analysis) the survey results to understand the public’s opinion on climate change. 【答案】analyse/analyze 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：研究人员将分析调查结果，以了解公众对气候变化的看法。结合空前的will可知，此处应填动词analyse/analyze“分析”，与will构成一般将来时。故填analyse/analyze。 22．This clinic plans to (special) in providing children’s medical care to serve families with young children. 【答案】specialize 【详解】考查动词。句意：这家诊所计划专门提供儿童医疗服务，以服务有年幼子女的家庭。“plan to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“计划做某事”，不定式符号to后面需要接动词原形，“special”是形容词，其动词形式是specialize，意为“专门研究或从事”；specialize in “专门从事；擅长”。故填specialize。 23．The ballet dancer was so (grace) on stage. 【答案】graceful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位芭蕾舞演员在舞台上非常优雅。本空在句中作表语，用形容词graceful“优雅的”。故填graceful。 24．I should credit my progress in English my teacher 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我应该把我的英语进步归功于我的老师。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语credit...to...，表示“把……归功于……”。故填to。 25．I find it difficult to be (object) where he’s concerned. 【答案】objective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一涉及到他，我就很难做到客观。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，所给词object为动词，其形容词形式是objective，意为“客观的”。故填objective。 26．It is hard to believe Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：很难相信梵高一生只卖出了一幅画。此处it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，用连词that引导从句。故填that。 27．The scientist struggled (accomplish) a major breakthrough after years of research. 【答案】to accomplish 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多年的研究，这位科学家努力取得了重大突破。句中考查固定短语struggle to do sth“努力或艰难地做某事”，故填to accomplish。 28．When pupils do reading (comprehend), they do an exercise to find out how well they understand a piece of spoken or written language. 【答案】comprehension 【详解】考查名词。句意：当学生进行阅读理解时，他们会做一项练习来检验他们对一段口语或书面语言的理解程度。空处作宾语，需用名词comprehension，为不可数名词。故填comprehension。 29．The (restore) to the castle has taken a year and cost a large sum of money. 【答案】restoration 【详解】考查名词。句意：城堡的修复工作花了一年时间，耗费了一大笔钱。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作主语，由定冠词the修饰，再结合句意“修复”是restoration，为不可数名词。故填restoration。 30．Someone who is (ambition) has a strong desire to be successful, rich or powerful. 【答案】ambitious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有野心的人渴望成功、富有或有权势。空处作表语，需用形容词ambitious。故填ambitious。 31．The purpose of a celebration is (contain) laughter, love, and memories that lasts long after the celebration ends. 【答案】to contain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：庆祝活动的目的是包含欢笑、爱以及在庆祝活动结束后仍能长久留存的回忆。此处为非谓语动词作表语，说明主语“The purpose”的具体内容，即“……的目的是做某事”，表示将要发生的动作，所以此处使用动词不定式形式to contain。故填to contain。 32．Sir, if you have a problem with the size, talk to the shopping (assist) standing right at the entrance. 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：先生，如果您对尺寸有问题，跟就站在入口处的购物助手说。根据句中talk to可知，此处表示对购物助手说，空处应用名词assistant，表示“助手，店员”，shopping assistant意为“购物助手”，这里指特定的在入口处的购物助手，用单数形式作宾语。故填assistant。 33．Despite modern trends, her determined (loyal) to classical oil painting set her work apart in the contemporary art scene. 【答案】loyalty 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管存在现代艺术的种种潮流，但她对古典油画的坚定执着使她的作品在当代艺术领域中独树一帜。空处应用名词，作主语；loyalty为名词，表示“忠诚”，符合句意。故填loyalty。 34．The old man s advice was filled with (wise), guiding the young couple through their first major life decision. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位老人的建议充满了智慧，引导着这对年轻夫妇做出了他们人生中的第一个重大决定。提示词作介词后宾语，用名词形式wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdom。 35．He suddenly became very (tear). 【答案】tearful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他突然泪流满面。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，tearful，表“哭泣的”，符合语境。故填tearful。 36．You are supposed to carry out the task (flexible). 【答案】flexibly 【详解】考查副词。句意：你应该灵活地执行这项任务。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰前面动词，flexibly，表“灵活地”，符合语境。故填flexibly。 37．Tom and his brother have a lot in common. instance, they are both good at making up stories. 【答案】For 【详解】考查介词。句意：汤姆和他的弟弟有很多共同之处。例如，他们都擅长编故事。分析句子可知，这里考查for instance，表“例如”，为固定搭配，且句首时首字母应大写。故填For。 38．Training didn’t result in good results and was much (effective) than expected. 【答案】less effective 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：训练没有产生好的结果，并且比预期的效果差得多。由than可知，此空应用形容词比较级，less effective，表“更无效的”，与上文Training didn’t result in good results对应，符合语境。故填less effective。 39．Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal you! 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：无论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，都有一个令人难以置信的主题公园会吸引你！根据上文will appeal可知此处为短语“appeal to sb”，表示“吸引某人”，空处应填介词。故填to。 40．They faced one difficulty after another with bravery and (dedicate). 【答案】dedication 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们勇敢且专注地面对一个又一个困难。此处为名词与bravery并列作介词with的宾语，dedicate为动词，意为“献身；专注”，其名词形式为dedication，指“奉献精神；专注”，为不可数名词。故填dedication。 41．Reeve became a (passion) and energetic advocate for people with back injuries. 【答案】passionate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：里夫成为了一位为背部受伤者发声的、充满热情与活力的倡导者。空处修饰其后的名词advocate，需用形容词形式，作定语。passion的形容词形式为passionate，意为“热情的”，符合句意。故填passionate。 42．Cheating on the exam is not only against the rules but also deeply (moral). 【答案】immoral 【详解】考查形容词。句意：考试作弊不仅违反规则，而且非常不道德。not only… but also…连接并列的结构，空处作表语，结合“Cheating on the exam”可知，应用形容词immoral“不道德的”。故填immoral。 43． made Zhang Tian happy was that his students showed great progress. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：让张天高兴的是他的学生们取得了很大的进步。分析句子结构可知，“____ made Zhang Tian happy”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“让张天高兴的事情”，应用连接代词what引导，且首字母大写。故填What。 44．Remember (turn) off the air conditioning when you leave the room. 【答案】to turn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你离开房间时，记得关掉空调。此处为动词不定式作宾语，remember to do sth.表示“记得去做某事（事情尚未做）”，此处指离开时要记得关空调，动作尚未发生，所以用不定式形式符合语境。故填to turn。 45．You should not give up the the interview unless (reject). 【答案】rejected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除非面试被拒绝，否则你不应放弃参加面试。此处为状语从句的省略，reject与you构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填rejected。 46．For this person who has committed a serious mistake, it is such a great relief (forgive) by others. 【答案】to be forgiven 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于这个犯了严重错误的人来说，被别人原谅是一种极大的解脱。“it is + n. + to do sth.”的固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，且forgive(原谅)与其逻辑主语this person之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动形式to be forgiven作主语。故填to be forgiven。 47．According to a recent survey, the number of students experiencing academic burnout (account) for 30% of respondents. 【答案】accounts 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据最近的一项调查，经历学业倦怠的学生人数占受访者的30%。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填accounts。 48．Knowing that the kids now have money for school is keeps me going and gives me more energy. 【答案】what 【详解】考查连接代词。句意：知道孩子们现在有钱上学是我继续前进的动力，给了我更多的精力。 keeps me going是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 49．If we back on this issue now, they will assume we are weak. 【答案】down 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：如果我们现在在这个问题上让步，他们会认为我们软弱。back down 是一个短语，意为 “让步；退缩；放弃（主张、要求、立场等）”。符合语境。故填down。 50．Our (capable) for giving care, love, and attention is limited. 【答案】capacity 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们给予关心、爱和关注的能力是有限的。本空作主语，应用名词形式capability“能力”，根据空后is可知，用单数形式。故填capability。 考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．Since you’re interested in the Chinese paper-cutting recently, I s (诚挚地)invite you to the exhibition. 【答案】sincerely/incerely 【详解】考查副词。句意：既然你最近对中国剪纸感兴趣，我诚挚地邀请你参观这个展览。根据中英文提示及句意可知，此处使用副词sincerely“诚挚地，真诚地”，作状语，修饰动词invite。故填sincerely。 2．The correspondent took a step b (向后) and knocked over the video camera. 【答案】backward/ackward 【详解】考查副词。句意：那位记者向后退了一步，撞倒了摄像机。此处为副词作状语，修饰动词“took a step”，根据首字母“b”及汉语提示“向后”，对应的副词是backward，符合句意。故填backward。 3．U (最终), I sat down by the tree with my arms aching. 【答案】Ultimately/ltimately 【详解】考查副词。句意：最终，我坐在树旁，胳膊疼。此处为副词作状语，修饰整个句子，根据首字母“U”及汉语提示“最终”，对应的副词是ultimately，位于句首，首字母大写，符合句意。故填Ultimately。 4．An e (巨大的) wave covered our boat and eventually my younger brother fell into the sea. 【答案】enormous/normous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个巨浪淹没了我们的船，最终我弟弟掉进了海里。结合首字母和汉语提示，形容词enormous作定语，修饰名词wave。故填enormous。 5．Ordered by its master, the AI dog f (取回) the book from the bookshelf. 【答案】fetched/fetches 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：根据主人的命令，这只人工智能狗从书架上取回了那本书。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填动词fetch“取回”，在句中作谓语，结合语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式；或者描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填fetched/fetches。 6．Unexpectedly, the computer was not working, so I had to wait until someone from the IT d (部门) came to fix it. 【答案】department/epartment 【详解】考查名词。句意：出乎意料的是，电脑坏了，所以我不得不等到信息技术部门的人来修理。根据汉语提示“部门”和首字母“d”可知，此处应用名词department作宾语，此处特指信息技术部门，应用单数形式。故填department。 7．Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and p (追求) the unknown. 【答案】pursue/ursue 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们的祖先中的一些人选择克服恐惧，追求未知，而非退回到洞穴。to subdue their fears and________the unknown是动词不定式结构作chose的宾语，空里要用动词原形。pursue是动词，表示“追求”，符合题干要求。故填pursue。 8．It’s important for you to preview lessons and r (复习) what have been taught after class. 【答案】revise/evise/review/eview 【详解】考查动词。句意：对你来说，课前预习和课后复习所学内容是很重要的。根据汉语提示“复习”结合首字母r可知，空处应用动词revise或review，需用动词原形与前文的preview并列，与to构成不定式作主语，it为形式主语。故填revise/review。 9．On the day Joe graduated, he presented the teacher with his most precious p (财产) — his paintings. 【答案】possessions/ossessions 【详解】考查名词。句意：在乔毕业的那天，他把自己最珍贵的物品——那些画作——送给了老师。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据汉语提示，表示“财产”用possession，此处表示复数意义。故填possessions。 10．I spent many hours going over my essay — changing a p (短语) here, a word there. 【答案】phrase/hrase 【详解】考查名词。句意：我花了数小时修改我的文章 —— 修改这儿的一个短语，那儿的一个单词。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词phrase，作宾语，由不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填phrase。 11．Full of s (悲伤), I told my father tearfully, “I practiced hard. But I didn’t make it.” 【答案】sorrow/sadness/orrow/adness 【详解】考查名词。句意：我满怀悲伤，含泪对父亲说：“我努力练习了。但我还是没成功。”此处为名词作介词of的宾语，根据首字母“s”及汉语提示“悲伤”，对应的名词可以是sorrow或sadness，均为不可数名词，符合句意。故填sorrow/sadness。 12．I am writing to complain about the purse I p (购买) at a high price from your website. 【答案】purchased/urchased 【详解】考查动词。句意：我写这封信是想投诉我从你们网站高价购买的那只手提包。根据中英文提示可知用动词purchase，结合语境可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填purchased。 13．It is a m (暖和的) morning and the sun is shining. 【答案】mild/ild 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一个温和的早晨，阳光明媚。根据中英文提示可知用形容词mild，修饰名词morning。故填mild。 14．Ken just now (高声喊出) a warning telling people to get out of the way. 【答案】screamed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：肯刚才高声喊出一个警告，告诉人们让开。根据括号中的汉语提示，表示“高声喊出”用scream，作谓语；根据句中just now可知，句子表述过去事实，用一般过去时。故填screamed。 15．I can’t climb too high because it will make me feel d . 【答案】dizzy/izzy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我不能爬得太高，因为这会让我感觉眩晕。 根据首字母 d以及“I can’t climb too high”可知，应填 dizzy，意为 “眩晕的”。故填dizzy。 16．Charlie Chaplin’s life and career were full of ups and downs, but his (天赋) was second to none. 【答案】genius 【详解】考查名词。句意：查理·卓别林的生活和事业充满了起起落落，但他的天赋是首屈一指的。“天赋”是genius，是不可数名词，作主语。故填genius。 17．The incident has received wide (新闻报道) in the press. 【答案】coverage 【详解】考查名词。句意：该事件在媒体上得到了广泛的新闻报道。形容词wide后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。名词“新闻报道”英文为coverage。故填coverage。 18．When I came into the old man’s room, I saw a picture was (悬;挂) on a nail on the wall. 【答案】suspended 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我走进老人的房间时，我看到墙上的一颗钉子上挂着一幅画。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“悬;挂”应用suspend，为动词，且这里应用过去分词与前面was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填suspended。 19．Children are often taught in school the right way to cough or (打喷嚏). 【答案】sneeze 【详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们在学校经常被教导咳嗽或打喷嚏的正确方式。根据汉语提示可知，表示“打喷嚏”应用动词sneeze，结合空前的“the right way to cough or”可知，此处应填动词原形和to构成不定式，作后置定语修饰名词way。故填sneeze。 20．The concert we went to was really (很好的). 【答案】awesome 【详解】考查形容词作表语。句意：我们去听的那场音乐会真的很好。根据中文提示，这里需要填入一个形容词充当表语，可以考虑填入awesome，符合题意。故填awesome。 21．I really want to lose some of this belly fat and turn it into (肌肉). 【答案】muscle 【详解】考查名词。句意：我真的很想减掉一些腹部脂肪，把它变成肌肉。根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“肌肉”应用名词muscle，作介词into的宾语，为不可数名词。故填muscle。 22．The boy often looks at the stars through a (望远镜) at night. 【答案】telescope 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个男孩经常在晚上通过望远镜看星星。根据汉语提示“望远镜”可知，本空用名词telescope，作through的宾语，且空前有不定冠词a，telescope用单数形式。故填telescope。 23．The (概念) of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture. 【答案】notion 【详解】考查名词。句意：星巴克将打造品牌个性的概念作为企业文化的一部分来推广。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“概念”应用notion，为可数名词，且由助动词is可知，这里应用单数形式作主语。故填notion。 24．By investing wisely she (积累) a fortune. 【答案】accumulated 【详解】考查动词。句意：通过明智的投资，她积累了一笔财富。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“积累”应用accumulate，为动词，在本句中作谓语，主语she与accumulate为主动关系，再由语境可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表过去情况。故填accumulated。 25．My mind was (木然的) and I couldn’t remember her name. 【答案】blank 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的大脑一片空白，记不起她的名字。此处为形容词作表语，描述主语“my mind”的状态。根据汉语提示“木然的”可知，应为形容词blank，在句中表示“空白的；茫然的”，mind be blank为常见搭配，意为“大脑一片空白”。故填blank。 26．She kissed the baby on its (前额) with her cold white lips. 【答案】forehead 【详解】考查名词。句意：她用冰冷的白嘴唇吻了吻婴儿的前额。根据汉语提示“前额”可知，此处为名词forehead，作on的宾语。故填forehead。 27．She never allows her personal feelings to (介入) with her work. 【答案】interfere 【详解】考查动词。句意：她从不让个人感情妨碍她的工作。“介入”用动词interfere，用原形构成不定式作宾语补足语。故填interfere。 28．The speed limit is 40 miles an hour. Don’t (超出) this maximum. 【答案】exceed 【详解】考查动词。句意：限速是每小时40英里。不要超过这个最高限速。根据句意及汉语提示可知，空处应填动词exceed“超出”，助动词Don’t 后接动词原形。故填exceed。 29．I had to change my attitude about their ability and (潜力). 【答案】potential 【详解】考查名词。句意：我不得不改变对自己他们能力与潜力的看法。根据汉语提示可知用名词potential，作宾语。故填potential。 30．Taste is such a (主观的) matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. 【答案】subjective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：口味这种东西非常主观，所以我们通常不会对食物进行偏好测试。根据汉语提示可知用形容词subjective，修饰名词matter。故填subjective。 31．The movie mixes broad humor with (传奇故事). 【答案】romance 【详解】考查名词。句意：这部电影将夸张的幽默与传奇故事融为一体。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词romance，表示“传奇故事”，在这里作为介词with的宾语，为不可数名词。故填romance。 32．He was the most distinguished (学者) in his filed. 【答案】scholar 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是他的领域里最杰出的学者。“学者”是scholar，他是一个人，因此空格处用单数，故填scholar。 33．The museum was named after a famous (学院). 【答案】institute 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个博物馆是以一个著名的研究所命名的。“学院”是institute，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填institute。 34．More than 900 metres high, on the mountain’s north face, lies an all-important source of (纯净的) water. 【答案】pure 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座山海拔900多米，在山的北面，有一个非常重要的纯净水源。空处修饰名词water，应用形容词pure，作定语。故填pure。 35．He came to (象征) his country’s struggle for independence. 【答案】symbolize 【详解】考查动词。句意：他前来象征他的国家为争取独立而进行的斗争。根据汉语提示“象征”可知，空处应填动词symbolize，与空前to构成不定式结构，作目的状语。故填symbolize。 36．We are very sad to have to do this, but there is no other (可供选择的事物) now. 【答案】alternative 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们非常遗憾必须这样做，但现在别无选择。根据汉语提示“可供选择的事物”可知，此处应填名词alternative，作there be句型的主语，no other alternative为固定搭配，意为“别无选择”。故填alternative。 37．Before you make up your mind, you must (权衡) up the advantages and disadvantages 【答案】weigh 【详解】考查动词。 句意：在你下定决心之前，你必须权衡利弊。 根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词weigh“权衡”，weigh up“权衡”为固定短语，情态动词must后应用动词原形。故填weigh。 38．The company’s f (财务的) performance improved significantly after implementing new management strategies. 【答案】financial/inancial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在实施新的管理策略后，这家公司的财务业绩有了显著改善。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“财务的”应用financial，为形容词，在本句中作定语，修饰后面名词。故填financial。 39．Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become (悲观) and give up. 【答案】pessimistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能立即成功，我们往往会变得悲观并放弃。句中become是系动词，其后接形容词作表语。形容词“悲观的”英文为pessimistic。故填pessimistic。 40．Only a q (符合资格的) doctor is allowed to perform such complex surgeries at this hospital. 【答案】qualified/ualified 【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有具备相应资质的医生才能在这家医院进行此类复杂的手术。根据中英文提示可知用形容词qualified，修饰名词doctor。故填qualified。 41．The ballerina danced with such f (流畅) that she seemed to float across the stage. 【答案】fluency/luency 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位芭蕾舞演员舞姿如此流畅，仿佛在舞台上轻盈地飘行一般。根据中英文提示可知用名词fluency，作宾语，不可数。故填fluency。 42．We have always been told to eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins that can help to s our immune system. 【答案】strengthen/trengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们一直被告知要多吃水果和蔬菜，因为它们富含维生素，有助于增强我们的免疫系统。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用动词strengthen，此处为不定式作宾语，故填strengthen。 43．Under the g of the experienced coach, the young athlete’s performance improved significantly. 【答案】guidance/uidance 【详解】考查名词。句意：在经验丰富的教练的指导下，这位年轻运动员的表现有了显著提高。根据“the experienced coach”可知，此处指在教练的指导下，guidance“指导”符合题意，作介词under的宾语，under the guidance of表示“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。 44．After the opening ceremony, students (解散) and straight away they ran happily to those games. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】were dismissed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：开幕式结束后，学生们被解散，立刻就高高兴兴地跑向那些比赛项目。根据汉语提示“解散”可知，应填动词dismiss，且此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文After the opening ceremony可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为students，be动词使用were。故填were dismissed。 45．It has been c (证实) that the meeting will take place next week. 【答案】confirmed/onfirmed 【详解】考查动词。句意：已证实会议将于下周举行。根据句意以及首字母和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词confirm的适当形式，结合空前的has been可知，句子为现在完成时的被动语态，所以空处应填confirm的过去分词confirmed。故填confirmed。 46．She uttered a cry of (绝望). 【答案】despair 【详解】考查名词。句意：她发出一声绝望的哭喊。根据汉语提示及空前的介词of可知，此处应用名词despair表示“绝望”，作宾语，a cry of despair意为“绝望的哭喊”，符合句意。故填despair。 47．The company is planning a(n) (扩张) into new markets to increase its market share. 【答案】expansion 【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司正计划向新市场扩张，以增加其市场份额。根据汉语提示“扩张”可知，空格处涉及单词“expansion”，意为“扩张”，为可数名词，不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数，作宾语。故填expansion。 48．During the Renaissance artists began to break away from traditional (宗教的) themes and explore more secular subjects.   【答案】religious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在文艺复兴时期，艺术家们开始摆脱传统的宗教主题，探索更多世俗的题材。“宗教的”修饰名词themes，用形容词religious作定语，符合语境。故填religious。 49．Due to the long passage of time, the ink on the letter paper has faded so much that some characters are almost i . 【答案】invisible/nvisible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于时间久远，信纸上的墨水褪色严重，有些字几乎看不见了。此处为形容词作表语，根据首字母“i”及“the ink on the letter paper has faded（墨水褪色）”的语境可知，应为形容词invisible意为“看不见的；无形的”，符合“墨水褪色导致文字难以辨识”的逻辑。故填invisible。 50．The s was carved out of a single piece of stone. 【答案】statue/tatue 【详解】考查名词。句意：这尊雕像是用一整块石头雕刻而成的。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词statue“雕像”，作主语，由空后was可知，应用名词单数形式。故填statue。 二、单句语法填空50题 1．My mother was sitting at her desk with a (thought) expression on her face, and I could tell she had something to say. 【答案】thoughtful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我母亲坐在书桌前，脸上带着沉思的表情，我看得出她有话要说。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词expression；thought的形容词为thoughtful“沉思的”，符合题意。故填thoughtful。 2．You should routinely keep a balanced diet, which enables you to feel energetic and get (refresh). 【答案】refreshed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你应该经常保持均衡的饮食，这能让你感到精力充沛，恢复活力。空处需用形容词作表语；refresh对应的形容词为refreshed“精神焕发的，恢复精力的”，符合题意。故填refreshed。 3．I am sure my   (participate) will also make a real and concrete difference to the program. 【答案】participation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我相信我的参与也会给这个项目带来真正具体的影响。sure后是省略that的宾语从句，空处需用名词作从句主语；participate的名词为participation“参与”，不可数名词。故填participation。 4．To avoid knee pain, I suggest you run on soft surfaces and do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles and improve your flexibility. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，我建议你在柔软的地面上跑步，做一些锻炼来增强腿部肌肉，提高柔韧性。空处和to构成动词不定式作目的状语，应用strength的动词形式strengthen，表示“增强”。故填strengthen。 5．The officer was assigned to conduct a thorough (investigate) into the incident. 【答案】investigation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位官员被指派要对这一事件进行彻底的调查。a thorough作定语修饰所填词，该词要用单数名词。investigate是动词，对应的名词要将词尾的e变为-ion。故填investigation。 6．Feeling lonely and (abandon), the little girl cried helplessly. 【答案】abandoned 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于感到孤独和被遗弃，这个小女孩无助地哭了起来。and连接形容词lonely(孤独的)和所填词作Feeling的表语，空里要填形容词。abandon的形容词要在词尾加-ed，表示“被抛弃的”。故填abandoned。 7．A hurricane left the whole town ruins. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：一场飓风使整个城镇沦为一片废墟。此处为固定短语in ruins，意为“成废墟；毁坏；毁灭”，此处描述飓风过后城镇的状态，符合语境。故填in。 8．Happiness is to be found not in (luxury), but in simple things 【答案】luxuries 【详解】考查名词。句意：幸福并非源自奢华的享受，而在于那些简单的事物之中。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据后文的simple things可知，此处表示复数意义，luxury意为“奢华的享受；奢华”。故填luxuries。 9．I bought a great many books, which I spent all my money that I saved. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：我买了很多书，在这些书上我花光了所有的积蓄。分析句子可知，此处为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，从句中“spend all my money on sth.”意为“把我所有的钱都花在某事上”，先行词“books”在从句中作为介词on的宾语，且介词提前至关系代词“which”前时，需用“on which”。故填on。 10． (statue) were made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang! 【答案】Statues 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这些雕像是在公元前三世纪建造的，用来保护秦始皇的坟墓！由were可知应填名词复数作主语，首字母应大写，故填Statues。 11．We spent a week visiting the wonders of ancient Greek (civilise). 【答案】civilisation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们花了一个星期参观古希腊文明的奇观。由空前of为介词可知，此处为名词civilisation作宾语成分。此处，抽象概念，不可数。故填civilisation。 12．You are to meet with (frustrate) in the pursuit of success, but through greater efforts your dream will definitely come true. 【答案】frustration 【详解】考查名词。句意：在追求成功的过程中，你会遇到挫折，但通过更大的努力，你的梦想一定会实现。由空前with可知，此处为名词frustration“挫折”作宾语，不可数。故填frustration。 13．I’ve personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior the other. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我个人从未赞同过性别有优劣之分的观点。be superior to是一个固定短语，意为“比……优越；优于”。故填to。 14．To the surprise of the little boy, the door opened (automatic) as he approached. 【答案】automatically 【详解】考查副词。句意：令小男孩惊讶的是，当他走近时，门自动打开了。空处需用副词来修饰动词opened，automatic是形容词，意为“自动的”，其副词形式是automatically“自动地”。故填automatically。 15．Rainforests are being cut and burned at such a rate they could well disappear from the earth’s surface before the year 2050. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：热带雨林正以如此快的速度遭到砍伐和焚烧，以至于它们很可能在 2050 年之前从地球表面消失。引导结果状语从句，表“如此……以至于……”句型为such...that...。故填that。 16．The decision was based on emotion rather than (ration) thought. 【答案】rational 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个决定是基于情感而非理性的思考做出的。修饰名词thought用形容词rational，作定语。故填rational。 17．What concerns the manger is that the company is facing a (finance) crisis. 【答案】financial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：让经理担心的是公司正面临一场金融危机。根据空后的名词crisis可知，空处需用形容词来修饰该名词，finance是名词，意为“金融；财政”，其形容词形式是financial“金融的；财政的”。故填financial。 18．When (face) with difficulties, wise men try their best to get over them, but not to hold back. 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当面临困难时，明智之人会竭尽全力去克服它们，而非选择退缩。be faced with“面临，面对”，when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，此从句中主语和be动词可省略，构成“when+过去分词”的省略句型。故填faced。 19．Some people are always searching happiness all their lives, but in vain, because of their negative attitudes towards it. 【答案】for 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：有些人一生都在搜寻幸福，但徒劳无功，因为他们对幸福抱有消极态度。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“search for…”，意为“搜寻……”，故空格处应用介词“for”。故填for。 20．The programme is intended for children (age) between 5 and 7. 【答案】aged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个项目是为年龄在5到7岁之间的儿童设计的。分析句子可知，这里考查“children aged + 年龄范围”，为固定搭配，相当于“children who are aged between 5 and 7”，用过去分词作后置定语。故填aged。 21．As a consequence his carelessness, he failed the exam again. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：由于粗心大意，他考试又不及格了。此处考查介词短语as a consequence of，表示“由于，作为……的结果”，作原因状语，故填of。 22．I was so engaged my study that I paid no attention to my mother’s feelings. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我当时全神贯注于学习，以至于根本没留意到妈妈的情绪。be engaged in“专注于……”是固定搭配。故填in。 23．They were impressed by his sincerity and (straightforward). 【答案】straightforwardness 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们被他的真诚和坦率所打动。作介词的宾语，用名词straightforwardness是不可数名词，故填straightforwardness。 24．Police have appealed for (witness) to come forward and tell them the truth. 【答案】witnesses 【详解】考查名词。句意：警方呼吁目击者站出来告诉他们真相。本空作介词for的宾语，用名词witness“目击者”，目击者不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填witnesses。 25．The accident cast a shadow the safety of the fast expanding subway network. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：这起事故给快速扩张的地铁网络的安全性蒙上了阴影。“cast a shadow on”这个固定短语，表示“给……蒙上阴影”，空处需要填介词on。故填on。 26．The problem of environmental protection affect all countries, and China is no (except). 【答案】exception 【详解】考查名词。句意：环境保护问题影响着所有国家，中国也不例外。此处为名词exception“例外”作表语，构成“no exception”固定短语，意为“不例外”，满足句意要求。故填exception。 27．Breathing such polluted air is the (equivalent) of smoking ten cigarettes a day. ( 【答案】equivalence 【详解】考查名词。句意：呼吸这种被污染的空气相当于每天抽十支烟。本空作表语，且根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填入名词equivalent“相等，对等”，作表语。故填equivalent。 28．This has not been a (notable) successful project. 【答案】notably 【详解】考查副词。句意：这不是一个特别成功的项目。successful是形容词，需要用副词来修饰，notable的副词形式是notably。故填notably。 29．The reason why I look up the artist is that his works are inspiring. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我之所以崇拜这位艺术家，是因为他的作品鼓舞人心。短语look up to，意为“敬仰，尊敬”，符合句意，故填to。 30．Later, her sister, a teacher in Poland, helped her to make (end) meet. 【答案】ends 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：后来，她的姐姐（她在波兰任教）帮助她维持生计。make ends meet“维持生计；收支平衡”是固定搭配。故填ends。 31．I must work as a tutor to cover my daily (expense), which will cost an arm and a leg. 【答案】expenses 【详解】考查名词。句意：我必须做家教来支付日常开销，这费用可不便宜啊。此处短语daily expenses，表示“日常开支”，用复数形式泛指多种日常开销。故填expenses。 32．I have never joined in such clubs, so I have no (prior). 【答案】priority 【详解】考查名词。句意：我从未加入过这样的俱乐部，所以我没有优先权。设空处使用prior的名词priority作have的宾语。故填priority。 33．The Blue Moon Restaurant is the best in our town and customers are pleased with the (serve). 【答案】service 【详解】考查名词。句意：蓝月亮餐厅是我们镇上最好的餐厅，顾客对其服务很满意。the后需接名词，serve是动词，意为“服务”，其名词形式service表示“服务”，在句中作with的宾语。故填service。 34．They agreed to lend us the car condition that we returned it before the weekend. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。此处为固定搭配on condition that，意为“条件是……，如果……”，引导条件状语从句。故填on。 35．Not we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. 【答案】until 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：只有我们成功地让野生动物和平生活，我们才能如释重负地微笑。空后can we smile in relief使用了部分倒装，且“成功地让野生动物和平生活”是“如释重负地微笑”发生之前必须满足特定的条件，因此用until“到……时”和not搭配，表示“直到……才”，引导时间状语从句。故填until。 36．On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple which (date) back to the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】dates 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：山顶上有一座古庙，可以追溯到唐朝。陈述现在的事实，为一般现在时，date back to意为“追溯到”，没有进行时和被动语态；which引导定语从句作主语，修饰先行词an ancient temple，为第三人称单数形式，所以定语从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 37．I gave Mary an apple exchange for my favourite banana, that is, I’d like to exchange an apple a banana. 【答案】 in for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我把一个苹果给了玛丽，换回了我最喜欢的香蕉。也就是说，我想用苹果换香蕉。分析句意可知，第一个空格考查介词搭配名词的短语in exchange for“作为交换”，第二个空格为动词加介词词组exchange A for B“用A换B”。故答案为in和for。 38．Spanish is recognised an official language in Peru because Spain took control of it in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. 【答案】as 【详解】考查介词。句意：西班牙语在秘鲁被公认为官方语言，因为西班牙在16世纪控制了秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。be recognised as...是固定短语，意为“被公认为……”，其中as是介词，表示“作为”的意思。故填as。 39．You can’t take (possess) of the house until all the papers have been signed. 【答案】possession 【详解】考查名词。句意：在所有文件都签署完毕之前，你不能拥有这所房子。作动词的宾语，用名词possession，构成take possession of表示“拥有”。故填possession。 40．More details about the murder have a bad (affect) on the whole society. 【答案】effect 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于这起谋杀案的更多细节对整个社会产生了不良影响。此处为名词作宾语，affect的名词为effect意为“影响”，have a bad effect on为固定短语，意为“对……有不良影响”。故填effect。 41．I detected two obvious mistakes (instant) I saw the article. 【答案】instantly 【详解】考查连词。句意：我一看到这篇文章，就发现了两个明显的错误。空处前后为两个完整的句子，需要一个连词连接，应用instant的连词形式instantly引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。故填instantly。 42．The (fluent) of a language largely depends on constant practice. 【答案】fluency 【详解】考查名词。句意：一门语言的流利程度在很大程度上取决于不断的练习。此空应填名词作主语，fluency，表“流利”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填fluency。 43． (assume) it rains tomorrow, what should we do? 【答案】Assuming 【详解】考查连词。句意：假设明天下雨，我们该怎么办？根据句子结构可知，此处为条件状语，用现在分词转化的连词assuming表示“假设”。句首字母大写，故填Assuming。 44．People have lived together in peace for centuries in this country, because they respect each other’s (religion) belief. 【答案】religious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在这个国家，人们已经和睦相处了数百年之久，这是因为他们彼此尊重对方的宗教信仰。修饰名词belief，用形容词religious。故填religious。 45．Scientists have tried to understand the (complexity) structure of human brain or many years. 【答案】complex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：多年来，科学家们一直试图了解人类大脑的复杂结构。由空后structure为名词可知，此处为形容词complex“复杂的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填complex。 46．Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling this little machine had taken up too much of my time. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有时我会有一种不安的感觉，觉得这台小机器占用了我太多时间。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词feeling的具体内容，从句结构完整、意义明确，应用that来引导，that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。故填that。 47．He failed to recognize the (commerce) value of the technology. 【答案】commercial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他没有认识到这项技术的商业价值。空处修饰名词value，应填形容词commercial作定语，故填commercial。 48．Last weekend witnessed an activity, through which not only did we admire the beauty of plants in the park, but also we learned about the environment they grow. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周末见证了一个活动，通过这个活动，我们不仅欣赏了公园里植物的美丽，而且还了解了它们生长的环境。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是environment，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 49．The company is the largest software (distribute) in the country.  【答案】distributor 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司是该国最大的软件经销商。提示词作表语，结合句意，表示“经销商”，用名词distributor，句中指一家公司，用单数形式。故填distributor。 50． (tragic), she was abandoned as a baby by her parents on a cold night. 【答案】Tragically 【详解】考查副词。句意：悲惨的是，她在婴儿时期就被父母在一个寒冷的夜晚遗弃了。此处为副词修饰整个句子， tragic的副词形式是tragically，表示“悲惨地”符合句意，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Tragically。 题型一 阅读理解 1 （2025·北京市海淀区·二模）When I arrived at the Sign Language Center in Manhattan for my first American Sign Language (ASL) class, a man took one look at my hesitant posture and held up some fingers. One? Two? I put up one finger, and he directed me to the Level 1 class. It was disorienting: Class time was strictly “voices off” to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary. Learning ASL in the early weeks was a culture shock and a bruise to my ego. As a writer, I pride myself on a certain facility with language. I was taught that there’s a perfect combination of words that can most precisely communicate any thought. With ASL, I expected to feel similarly, and thought fluency would come once I collected a critical mass of signs. The first thing you learn in ASL class is the alphabet. As my classmates and I asked and answered questions using words we didn’t have the signs for, those early weeks were filled with laborious spelling. It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture. Over time, I picked up on new conventions, like waving a hand or stomping on the ground to get someone’s attention. My fingers stalled as they reached for new shapes, and I struggled to differentiate very similar looking signs. Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word “desperate”. “ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,” he told me. “If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,” he added — it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry. I’ve been attending ASL classes for almost two years. Initially, my reason was trivial: a childhood fascination with “secret languages”. While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body. 24．How did the author feel in the first ASL class? A．Frustrated. B．Confused. C．Anxious. D．Hesitant. 25．What made the author embarrassed when learning the alphabet? A．Putting on smiling facial expressions. B．Being made fun of in front of the class. C．Waving a hand to get someone’s attention. D．Misspelling and respelling words repeatedly. 26．According to the passage, what can we learn about ASL? A．It’s a universal language system across cultures. B．It conveys more emotions than verbal language. C．It requires a combination of signs and emotions. D．It has a direct translation of signs for every word. 27．What has the author learned from her learning experience? A．The body is what gives language life. B．Diction is what gives language flavour. C．Fluency comes from the mastery of signs. D．ASL prioritizes precision over communication. 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在纽约曼哈顿的手语中心学习美国手语的经历，以及在这个过程中对语言和沟通方式的新认识。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was disorienting: Class time was strictly ‘voices off’ to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.(这让人感到困惑：课堂时间严格要求“禁止说话”，以鼓励沉浸式学习并尊重聋人教师。没有说话的能力，我的同学们和我所能做的只是微笑和点头，同时吸收新词汇)”可知，作者在第一堂课上感到困惑。故选B项。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.(这很尴尬：看到十几张礼貌地微笑的脸看着我，我慢慢地拼写、拼错并重新拼写单词——通常多次——这本身就是一种折磨)”可知，作者在学习字母表时，因为反复拼错和重新拼写单词而感到尴尬。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word ‘desperate’. ‘ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,’ he told me. ‘If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,’ he added— it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.(最终我意识到，当你用手语交流时，措词不如你如何体现你所传达的内容重要。我曾问一位老师如何用手语表达‘绝望’。‘ASL并没有每个英语单词的直接翻译，’他告诉我。‘如果你想用手语表达‘绝望’，你可能只需要用手语表达‘想要’，但要通过适当的面部和身体姿势来表达你的绝望。如果你的脸上一点也没有表现出沮丧，那么用手语表达‘沮丧’是没有意义的，’他补充说——这就像用单调的语调说话，却声称你很生气)”可知，ASL需要结合手势和情感来传达信息。故选C项。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.(尽管ASL可能并不完全与英语共享词汇，但这并不意味着它缺乏精确性。我学到的是，它的精确性在于肢体语言)”可知，作者从学习经历中学到的是，肢体语言在手语中很重要，即身体是赋予语言生命的。故选A项。 2 （2025·北京市顺义区·一模）Imagine you’re driving down the highway and notice that you are running low on fuel. Your GPS shows 10 gas stations ahead on your route. Naturally, you want the cheapest option. Do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? You won’t double back, so you face a now-or-never choice. What strategy maximizes your chances of picking the cheapest station? Researchers have studied this “best-choice problem”, which suggests that humans tend to fall short of the optimal (最优的) strategy. Amazingly, the optimal strategy results in the number-one pick being selected almost 37 percent of the time, and its success rate doesn’t depend on the number of candidates. Even with a billion options and a refusal to settle for second best, you could find your needle in a haystack (干草垛) more than a third of the time. The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first around 37 percent of the choices no matter what. Then pick the first option that is better than all the others you've encountered so far. (If you never find such an option, take the final one.) Adding to the fun, mathematicians’ favorite little constant, e=2.7182... , rears its head in the solution. Also known as Euler’s number, e holds fame for cropping up all across the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-choice problem. In fact, those references to 37 percent in the optimal strategy and corresponding probability of success are actually 1/e, or about 0.368.The magic number comes from the tension between wanting to see enough samples to feel information of options and not wanting to wait too long in case the best pass you by. The proof argues that 1/e balances these forces. The problem generates thousands of hits on the internet as mathematicians continue to study its many variants: What if you’re allowed to pick more than one option, and you win if any of your choices are the best? What if an opponent chose the ordering of the options to trick you? What if you don’t require the absolute best choice and would feel satisfied with second or third? Researchers study such when-to-stop scenarios (设想) in a branch of math called optimal stopping theory. Research finds that people tend to stop their search too early. So applying the 37 percent rule could improve your decision-making, but be sure to double-check that your situation meets all the conditions: a known number of rankable options is being presented one at a time in any order, you want the best, and you can’t double back. 32．Why does the author mention the constant e in Paragraph 3? A．Justify a comparison. B．Evaluate a statement. C．Provide a theoretical basis. D．Propose a new solution. 33．Which situation most agrees with the strategy mentioned in the passage? A．Evaluate every candidate. B．Skip some lunch specials. C．Buy the latest reference book. D．Join the shortest checkout line. 34．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Why People Often Fail in Making the Best Decisions. B．The Best Decision Depends on Your Math Ability. C．How to Connect Optimal Strategy with the Magic e. D．Elegant Math Problem Finds the Best Choices. 【答案】32．C 33．B 34．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“最佳选择问题”的最优策略，即37%法则，以及该策略背后的数学原理和应用条件。 32．推理判断题。根据第三段“Also known as Euler’s number, e holds fame for cropping up all across the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-choice problem. In fact, those references to 37 percent in the optimal strategy and corresponding probability of success are actually 1/e, or about 0.368. (e也被称为欧拉数，它在数学领域以出现在看似无关的环境中而闻名，包括在最佳选择问题中。事实上，最优策略中提到的37%和相应的成功概率实际上是1/e，即约0.368。)”可知，作者提到常数e是为了给“最佳选择问题”的最优策略提供一个理论基础，说明37%这个比例是如何得出的。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first around 37 percent of the choices no matter what. Then pick the first option that is better than all the others you've encountered so far. (获胜的策略很简单：无论如何，先拒绝前37%左右的选择。然后选择第一个比你到目前为止遇到的所有其他选择都更好的选项。)”可知，文章中提到的策略是先观察一部分选项，然后从中选择最好的，这与“跳过一些午餐特价菜，然后从中选择最满意的”这一情境最为相似，即都涉及到先跳过一部分选项再做选择。故选B。 34．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了“最佳选择问题”的最优策略，即37%法则，以及该策略背后的数学原理和应用条件。文章的重点在于介绍这个数学问题和它的解决方案，因此选项D“优雅的数学问题找到了最佳选择”最能概括文章的主旨，作为标题最合适。故选D。 题型二 语法填空 1 （2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模）On April 8, China launched a high-speed rail pet consignment (托运) service on selected Beijing-Shanghai routes. A cat was the first pet to “travel” on the train. After professional testing, the service 1 (operate) on ten routes between five stations, mainly in East China. Pet owners can book the service online in advance. Each person can transport one healthy domesticated cat or dog, provided it 2 (weigh) under 15kg and stands no taller than 40cm at the shoulder. 3 (ensure) safety during the journey, specially 4 (design) equipment will be used for separate pet transport. 【答案】1．will operate/is going to operate 2$$ 第04讲 外研版选择性必修全四册词汇练透 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇 考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇 考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇 考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇 一、单词拼写50题 1．We can g (确保) a full refund within 30 days if you’re not satisfied. 【答案】guarantee/uarantee 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果不满意，30 天内可以确保全额退款。根据中英文提示，“确保”对应的英文动词是“guarantee”。句中情态动词“can”后接动词原形，因此用“guarantee”。故填guarantee。 2．Surveys show a t (趋势) away from home-ownership and toward rented accommodation. 【答案】trend/rend 【详解】考查名词。句意：调查结果显示，人们越来越倾向于租房而非购买房产。根据中英文提示可知用名词trend，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填trend。 3．To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of a (申请人) to attend the opening ceremony. 【答案】applicants/pplicants 【详解】考查名词。句意：令我高兴的是，我从数百名申请人中被选中参加开幕式。此处为名词作介词of的宾语，根据首字母“a”及汉语提示“申请人”，对应的名词是applicant；hundreds of后接可数名词复数形式，所以此处用applicant的复数形式applicants，符合句意。故填applicants。 4．The s (薪水) will be determined according to your working experience and qualification. 【答案】salary/alary 【详解】考查名词。句意：薪水将根据您的工作经验和资历确定。根据中英文提示及句意可知，此处使用名词salary“薪水”，作主语。故填salary。 5．The s (风景) along the journey is just like a breathtaking landscape painting. 【答案】scenery/cenery 【详解】考查名词。句意：沿途的景色宛如一幅令人叹为观止的风景画。根据中英文提示可知用不可数名词scenery，作主语。故填scenery。 6．I believe that I am a perfect c (候选人) for this position. 【答案】candidate/andidate 【详解】考查名词。句意：我认为我是这个职位的理想候选人。根据中英文提示可知，candidate“候选人”，可数名词，在句中作表语，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填candidate。 7．The latest (创新) in smartphone technology allows for faster charging. 【答案】innovation 【详解】考查名词。句意：智能手机技术的最新创新实现了更快的充电。根据汉语提示“创新”以及上文形容词最高级latest和后文is，可知应填名词innovation，空处作主语，此处表示单数概念。故填innovation。 8．To have a good sleep habit, we should keep a regular sleep p (模式) and follow it strictly. 【答案】pattern/attern 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了养成良好的睡眠习惯，我们应该保持规律的睡眠模式并严格遵守。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词pattern，作宾语，由不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填pattern。 9．Your c (作文) is quite good except that there are some spelling mistakes. 【答案】composition/omposition 【详解】考查名词。句意：你的作文相当好，只是有一些拼写错误。此处为名词作主语，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“作文”用可数名词composition，结合be动词is可知，此处应用单数形式。故填composition。 10．It is not always easy to maintain an enthusiastic attitude. N (然而), looking on the bright side is the best thing that we can do. 【答案】Nevertheless/evertheless 【详解】考查副词。句意：保持热情的态度并不总是容易的。然而，看到事情好的一面是我们能做的最好的事情。根据汉语提示“然而”以及句子结构可知，此处需要一个副词来连接前后两个句子，表示转折关系。Nevertheless是一个副词，意为“然而，不过”，常用于引出与前文相对或不同的观点或情况，符合语境。故填Nevertheless。 11．I am writing to invite you to be a judge at our English composition c (比赛) to be held in our school. 【答案】contest/ontest/competition/ompetition 【详解】考查名词。句意：我写信是想邀请你在我们学校举行的英语作文比赛中担任评委。根据中英文提示可知，contest/competition“比赛”，均为可数名词，此处指“我们学校的英语演讲比赛”，使用名词单数形式，作宾语，故填contest/competition。 12．After hearing this satisfactory o (结果), Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness flowing over him. 【答案】outcome/utcome 【详解】考查名词。句意：听到这个令人满意的结果后，史蒂夫感到一阵喜悦和幸福。根据中英文提示可知，outcome“结果”，名词，作hearing的宾语，修饰词this表明用单数名词，故填outcome。 13．The museum hosts six p (永久的) galleries, ensuring that there is something for every visitor. 【答案】permanent/ermanent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：博物馆设有六个永久性展厅，确保每位参观者都能找到感兴趣的内容。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用形容词“永久的”permanent，作定语，修饰名词galleries。故填permanent。 14．Hard work g (保证) that you will become good at whatever it is. 【答案】guarantees/uarantees 【详解】考查动词。句意：努力工作能保证你在任何方面都做得很好。根据中英文提示可知，guarantee“保证”，动词，此处是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语work是不可数名词，谓语动词使用三单形式，故填guarantees。 15．A cold fear rose up inside him and he suddenly had the feeling that someone was n (在附近), watching him. 【答案】nearby/earby 【详解】考查副词。句意：一种寒冷的恐惧在他内心升起，他突然感觉到有人在附近看着他。根据中英文提示可知，此处为副词nearby，作表语。故填nearby。 16．With a distant look in her eyes, she seemed lost in the world of her own v (生动的) memories and imagination. 【答案】vivid/ivid 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她眼神悠远，似乎沉浸在自己那些生动的回忆和想象的世界里。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填形容词 vivid“生动的”，作定语修饰名词memories。故填vivid。 17．We believe in the p (人生哲学) that offering others help makes ourselves happy through the experience. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】philosophy/hilosophy 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们相信这样一种人生哲学：通过帮助他人，我们自己也能从这种经历中获得快乐。根据句意以及中英文提示可知，空处应填名词philosophy“人生哲学”，作介词in的宾语。故填philosophy。 18．I am writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English a (社团). 【答案】association/ssociation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我写信是想申请我们学校英语社团的志愿者职位。根据句意以及中英文提示可知，空处应填名词association“社团”，此处特指“我们学校的英语社团”，应用单数形式，作介词for的宾语。故填association。 19．I’m sorry to hear that you are sleepless under the stress of study, so I’d like to share some p (实用的) and beneficial suggestions with you. 【答案】practical/ractical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：听说你在学习压力下失眠，我很抱歉，所以想和你分享一些实用且有益的建议。根据汉语提示以及名词suggestions可知，此处需要填形容词作定语，修饰名词。故填practical。 20．Mark Twain is well known for his witty r (言论) in his everyday i (交流) with people. 【答案】 remarks/emarks interactions/nteractions 【详解】考查名词。句意：马克·吐温因其在日常与人交流中的诙谐言论而闻名。第一空根据首字母“r”和中文提示“言论”，可知应填名词remark，且言论通常不止一条，应用复数形式remarks作宾语；第二空根据首字母“i”和中文提示“交流”，可知应填名词interaction，日常交流也为复数概念，应用复数形式interactions作宾语。故填①remarks ②interactions。 21．He turned to look at me, and for a split second, I saw his c (冷酷的) and glaring eyes. 【答案】cruel/ruel 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他转过头来看我，有那么一瞬间，我看到了他那冷酷而瞪大的眼睛。根据汉语提示“冷酷的”以及首字母提示可知，应填形容词cruel，修饰名词eyes，作定语。故填cruel。 22．Surely up-to-date equipment is supposed to make life easier, not more c (复杂的). 【答案】complicated/omplicated/complex/omplex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当然，最新的设备应该让生活更轻松，而不是更复杂。此处为形容词，与easier（更轻松的）并列作宾语补足语，根据首字母“c”及汉语提示“复杂的”，可对应形容词complicated或complex；结合空前的more可知，此处应用形容词原级构成比较级，符合句意。故填complicated/complex。 23．The c (概念) of happiness changes as we grow. 【答案】concept/oncept 【详解】考查名词。句意：幸福的概念随着我们的成长而改变。此处为名词，在句中作主语，根据首字母“c”及汉语提示“概念”，应为名词concept；结合句中谓语动词“changes”（第三人称单数形式）可知，主语应为单数，所以此处用concept的单数形式即可，符合句意。故填concept。 24．A small gesture of kindness can g (产生) great blessings, even lighting up the depressing world someone has to face. 【答案】generate/enerate 【详解】考查动词。句意：一个小小的善举可以产生巨大的祝福，甚至能照亮某人不得不面对的沉闷世界。根据汉语提示“产生”以及首字母g可知，此处应填动词generate，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填generate。 25．The clerks were giving out free s (样品) of ice cream at the store. 【答案】samples/amples 【详解】考查名词。句意：店里的工作人员正在向顾客发放免费的冰淇淋样品。根据中英文提示可知用名词sample，用复数形式表示数量大于一，作宾语。故填samples。 26．Eric instantly ran over to his father and w (低语) something into his ear. 【答案】whispered/hispered 【详解】考查动词。句意：埃里克立刻跑到父亲身边，在他耳边低声说了些什么。由于and连接ran和空白处可知，空处要用动词过去式。首字母提示是w，汉语提示是“低语”，故动词whispered符合题意。故填whispered。 27．They faced several strong o (对手) in the group stage matches. 【答案】opponents/pponents 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们在小组赛阶段遇到了几个强劲的对手。根据单词首字母和句意“对手”可知，此处应用名词opponent作宾语，several后应用复数。故填opponents。 28．The movie is so good that it d (应得) an award. 【答案】deserves/eserves 【详解】考查动词。句意：这部电影如此好，以至于它应得一个奖项。根据单词首字母和句意“应得”可知，应用动词deserve作从句谓语，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主谓一致，用三单。故填deserves。 29．Some Americans don’t like (巨大的) pandas because of their laziness. 【答案】giant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一些美国人不喜欢大熊猫，因为它们懒惰。根据汉语提示“巨大的”可知，此处为形容词giant，作定语，修饰名词pandas。故填giant。 30．He is very tall and can be easily (看见；发现) in the crowd. 【答案】spotted 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：他很高，在人群中很容易被发现。根据汉语提示“看见；发现”可知，应填动词spot，与主语he是动宾关系，故用被动语态，结合空前的can be可知，空处填过去分词形式，构成含有情态动词的被动语态。故填spotted。 31．Dirty and hard work in the factory is mainly done by m (大量的) workers. 【答案】massive/assive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：工厂里又脏又重的活主要是由大量的工人来干。根据中英文提示可知，massive“大量的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词workers，故填massive。 32．The d (精美的) pattern on her wedding dress looked absolutely stunning under the soft light. 【答案】delicate/elicate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在柔和的灯光下，她婚纱上精致的图案显得十分迷人。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词delicate“精美的”作定语修饰pattern，满足句意要求。故填delicate。 33．After those silly things he did last night, Jack felt so e to see me. 【答案】embarrassed/mbarrassed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：杰克昨晚做了那些蠢事之后，见到我感到很尴尬。设空处接在系动词后，应用形容词作表语，根据首字母和句意可知是embarrassed，意为“感到尴尬的”，故填embarrassed。 34．It’s easy to b (责怪) the weather for a bad day, but sometimes it’s just our perspective that needs adjusting. 【答案】blame/lame 【详解】考查动词。句意：很容易责怪坏天气导致了一天心情不好，但有时只是我们的视角需要调整。空处应用动词原形，与It’s easy to构成不定式作真正的主语，表示“责怪”用blame。故填blame。 35．The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as e (满腔热忱的) as ever. 【答案】enthusiastic/nthusiastic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击，但他没有气馁，很快又像以前一样充满了热情。句中got是系动词，空处作表语，结合首字母和汉语提示可知，形容词enthusiastic符合题意；在as...as...结构中，形容词应用原形。故填enthusiastic。 36．She tried to clean her m (沾满泥的) boots before entering the house, but the mess seemed to spread everywhere. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】muddy/uddy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她进屋前试图把沾满泥的靴子擦干净，可污渍似乎越擦越到处都是。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“沾满泥的”应用muddy，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填muddy。 37．The new museum became a cultural l (地标), showcasing local art and history for the community. 【答案】landmark/andmark 【详解】考查名词。句意：这座新的博物馆成为了当地的文化地标，向公众展示了当地的艺术和历史。根据中英文提示可知用名词landmark，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填landmark。 38．These (民间的) stories have been passed down from generation to generation in this small village. 【答案】folk 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些民间故事在这个小村庄里代代相传。空处用于名词stories之前，应用形容词folk作定语。故填folk。 39．Sing a tune, and he’d name the c (作曲家) and the circumstances surrounding the composition of the piece. 【答案】composer/omposer 【详解】考查名词。句意：唱一段旋律，他就会说出这首曲子的作曲家以及创作这首曲子时的背景情况。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词composer，意为“作曲家”，作name的宾语，由空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词单数形式。故填composer。 40．Children’s television not only e (使快乐) but also teaches. 【答案】entertains/ntertains 【详解】考查动词。句意：儿童电视节目不仅能带来娱乐，还能起到教育作用。根据句意以及首字母和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词entertain，表示“使快乐”，与teaches并列在句中作谓语，结合teaches可知，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语是“Children’s television”，并列的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填entertains。 41．Remember to (附上) a photo to your job application form. 【答案】attach 【详解】考查动词。句意：记得在你的求职申请表上附上一张照片。此处为动词不定式在固定短语remember to do sth.中作宾语，表示“记得去做某事”；根据汉语提示和空前的不定式符号to可知，表示“附上”应用动词原形attach，attach...to...意为“把……附在……上”，符合句意。故填attach。 42．Researchers have ploughed through 16,000 different pieces of (古典的), rock and jazz music. 【答案】classic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：研究人员研究了16000种不同的古典音乐、摇滚音乐和爵士音乐。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词music，“古典的”的形容词是classic。故填classic。 43．Speed is the e (必不可少的、基本的) ingredient of all athletics. 【答案】essential/ssential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：速度是所有田径运动的基本要素。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用形容词essential“必不可少的，基本的”，作定语，修饰名词ingredient。故填essential。 44．I take my time over every spoonful, rolling the silky dessert around my mouth and enjoying the perfect marriage of rice and milk. 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：我慢慢地享用每一勺，轻轻地将丝滑的甜点在口中滚动，享受着米饭和牛奶的完美融合。表示“轻轻地”，用副词gently，修饰动词rolling，作状语。故填gently。 45．The artist has a d (different in a clear way; noticeable) style that makes his paintings stand out among others. 【答案】distinct/istinct 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位艺术家有一种独特的风格，使他的画作在其他作品中脱颖而出。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词“style”，根据英文释义“different in a clear way; noticeable(明显不同的；显著的)”及首字母“d”可知，应为形容词distinct。故填distinct。 46．The key to success is not fighting alone; what is crucial is the close (合作，协作) between team members. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】考查名词。句意：成功的关键不是独自战斗；至关重要的是团队成员之间的紧密合作。根据汉语提示“合作，协作”可知，本空用名词cooperation，作表语。故填cooperation。 47．I have been reliably (通知，告知) that he will be elected as honorable president next year. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查动词和语态。句意：我已得到可靠消息，他将于明年当选为荣誉主席。根据汉语提示“通知，告知”可知，此处为动词inform，inform与I是被动关系，空前有have been，空处需填过去分词和have been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填informed。 48．She would often w (漫游) along the beach, collecting seashells and lost in her daydreams. 【答案】wander/ander 【详解】考查动词。句意：她常常沿着海滩漫步，收集贝壳，沉浸在白日梦中。根据汉语提示及句意，would后接动词原形，构成“would do”结构，表示过去常常做某事。故填wander。 49．At the height of his (名声), his every word was valued. 【答案】fame 【详解】考查名词。句意：在他声名鼎盛之时，他的每一句话都受到重视。根据汉语提示“名声”可知，空处需要名词fame“名声”作介词of的宾语。fame为不可数名词。故填fame。 50．The house commanded some s views of Delaware Bay. 【答案】splendid/plendid 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座房子可以饱览特拉华湾的壮丽景色。根据句意和首字母s以及空格后的名词views可知，空格处应该用形容词splendid作定语，修饰后面的名词views。故填splendid。 二、单句语法填空50题 1．My father is always polite when negotiating the seller to get to an appropriate price instead of aggressive bargaining. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：我父亲在与卖家谈判时总是表现得很有礼貌，他会努力让卖家接受一个合适的价格，而不是采取强硬的讨价还价方式。短语negotiate with表示“与……谈判”。故填with。 2．Newspaper and audio equipment have been provided to keep local employees (inform) of the present affairs in Zambia. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：已经提供了报纸和音响设备，以便当地员工了解赞比亚的时事动态。本句谓语为have been provided，空处为非谓语动词，且employees与inform为被动关系，应用过去分词informed，作宾补。故填informed。 3．The two flowers are quite distinct one another, so it is easy to make a (distinct) between them. 【答案】 from distinction 【详解】考查介词和名词。句意：这两朵花彼此差异很大，所以很容易将它们区分开来。distinct from是形容词短语的固定用法。 distinction是distinct的名词形式，用于make a distinction结构中，作宾语。故填①from；②distinction。 4．I’m (literal) freezing to death in this weather, and I can’t feel any part of my body. 【答案】literally 【详解】考查副词。句意：在这种天气下，我真的快冻死了，而且我全身都没有知觉了。修饰freezing，应使用副词literally，作状语。故填literally。 5．I wasn’t blaming anyone; I (mere) said errors like this could be avoided. 【答案】merely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我并没有责怪任何人，我只是说像这样的错误是可以避免的。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词said；mere的副词为merely“仅仅，只不过”。故填merely。 6．Pretending to enjoy social interaction usually makes them uncomfortable, so jobs not requiring much (cooperate) are suitable for them. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】考查名词。句意：假装享受社交互动通常会让他们感到不舒服，所以不需要太多合作的工作适合他们。空格前有形容词much修饰，且作动词requiring的宾语，故此处需填名词。cooperate的名词为cooperation，不可数名词，意为“合作”，故填cooperation。 7．He looked as mean as ever, an unsmiling figure in black jacket and very (shine) black shoes. 【答案】shiny 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他看起来和以前一样卑鄙，一个穿着黑色夹克和非常闪亮的黑色鞋子的不苟言笑的人。此处使用形容词shiny修饰名词短语black shoes。故填shiny。 8．I’m ashamed to say that my (assign) isn’t finished. The thing is, I’ve had dozens of other things to do this week. 【答案】assignment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我很惭愧地说我的任务还没完成。问题是，这周我有很多其他事情要做。空处应填名词作主语，assign的名词形式是assignment“任务”，根据空后的isn’t可知，应用单数形式。故填assignment。 9．He talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated her money. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：他和一位被骗了钱的老太太交谈。cheat sb. of sth.是固定短语，意为“骗取某人的某物”，此处为其被动形式sb. be cheated of sth. ，表示“某人的某物被骗走”。故填of。 10．Having read your (advertise) on the Internet for a volunteer for the Olympic Games, I am writing to apply for it. 【答案】advertisement 【详解】考查名词。句意：看到您在互联网上发布的招募奥运会志愿者的广告，我特此写信申请这个职位。作动词的宾语，用名词advertisement，故填advertisement。 11．It is a very popular tourist spot and is well known for its (entertain) and cultural features. 【答案】entertainment 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，以其娱乐和文化特色而闻名。根据空后“and cultural features”可知，此处应用名词与“features”并列，共同作for的宾语，所给词“entertain”是动词，意为“娱乐”，其名词形式“entertainment”意为“娱乐”，符合语境。故填entertainment。 12．The trees with (practical) few leaves were all bent and twisted in the wind. 【答案】practically 【详解】考查副词。句意：那些几乎没有叶子的树都被风吹得弯曲变形了。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词few；practical的副词为practically“几乎，差不多”，符合题意。故填practically。 13．You do not need to read in the same way you would if you needed to (memory) something. 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：你不需要像需要记忆某事那样去阅读。此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形，所给词memory为名词，需要转换为动词形式memorize，意为“记忆”。故填memorize。 14．Our hard work paid and Dr. Henderson was very satisfied with our wonderful findings. 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我们的努力得到了回报，亨德森博士对我们出色的发现非常满意。此处为固定短语pay off，意为“成功；奏效；得到回报”符合句意，所以此处为副词off。故填off。 15．Many people experience difficulty in paying off their (debt). 【答案】debts 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：许多人会遇到难以偿还债务的问题。根据上文Many people可知数量大于一，debt应用复数形式。故填debts。 16．No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy. 【答案】rarely 【详解】考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一笼都不够，而两笼又显得太贪心了。空格处用副词rarely修饰形容词enough，作状语，rarely意为“很少”。故填rarely。 17．Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while (cooperate), humbleness and courage are praised. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】考查名词。句意：通常，我们不鼓励残忍和欺骗，而鼓励合作、谦逊和勇气。空处和humbleness、courage并列作主语，所以空处应填名词形式，cooperate的名词形式是cooperation，意为“合作”，为不可数名词。故填cooperation。 18．To sum up, protecting animals is greatly (urge) and it is vital for us to take steps to protect them. 【答案】urgent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：总之，保护动物迫在眉睫，对我们来说采取措施保护它们至关重要。空前有is和副词greatly，空处要填形容词作表语。urge对应的形容词是urgent，表示“紧急的”。故填urgent。 19．At the end of the letter you should express your (expect) of cooperation and an early reply. 【答案】expectation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在信的结尾，你应该表达对合作的期待以及希望早日收到回复。根据空前形容词性物主代词your可知，空处需用名词作express宾语；expect的名词expectation“期望”，符合题意，此处表特指，需用名词单数形式作宾语。故填expectation。 20．When the computer is stopped in this way, it can only be restarted by the (operate). 【答案】operator 【详解】考查名词。句意：当电脑以这种方式停止运行时，只能由操作人员重新启动它。此时需要一个表示人的名词作宾语。operate是动词，意为“操作”，其名词形式operator表示“操作员” 。结合语境可知，用单数形式operator。故填operator。 21．The company, however, now declines (comment) further on the subject. 【答案】to comment 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，该公司现在拒绝就此事进一步置评。decline to do sth.表示“拒绝做某事”，为固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。故填to comment。 22．In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as (complicate) to process as the computer code. 【答案】complicated 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在错误的人手中，这样一本书可能会像计算机代码一样难以处理。空处需用形容词作表语，complicate的形容词为complicated“复杂的，难处理的”，as...as...“和……一样”是原级比较，故形容词应用原级。故填complicated。 23．Prices have been rising (steady) in the past few years. 【答案】steadily 【详解】考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里，物价一直在稳步上涨。设空处修饰动词rising，应用副词作状语，故填steadily。 24．His (prefer) is that he should play football with his classmates. 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：他更愿意和同学一起踢足球。空处为主语，和is保持一致，应用名词单数，故填preference。 25．The boy’s simple question made all the people present (embarrass). 【答案】embarrassed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩的简单提问让在场的所有人都感到尴尬。作宾补，修饰people用形容词embarrassed，故填embarrassed。 26．I was very much (delight) with the final results. 【答案】delighted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我对最终结果非常满意。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，“be delighted with”是固定搭配，意为“对……感到满意”，delight的形容词形式是delighted，意为“满意的”。故填delighted。 27．We are now at a (turn) point, so we should be very careful with our decision. 【答案】turning 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们现在正处于一个转折点，所以我们应该非常谨慎地做出决定。固定短语turning point意为“转折点”，动名词turning作定语。故填turning。 28．When it rains, this road leading to his house becomes (mud). 【答案】muddy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：下雨时，这条通往他家的路变得泥泞。空格处用形容词作表语，mud的形容词是muddy，意为“泥泞的”，故填muddy。 29．She spoke (gentle) to the frightened boy after the accident. 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：事故发生后，她温柔地跟那个受惊的男孩说话。空处应用副词修饰spoke，gently“温柔地”符合题意。故填gently。 30．The new idea needs to be further (examine). 【答案】examined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个新想法需要进一步检验。空处作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语The new idea构成被动关系，应用过去分词examined，与to be构成动词不定式的被动式。故填examined。 31．There are many new teachers in our school now, of many once worked in the western provinces. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意： 现在我们学校有很多新老师, 他们中很多人曾在西部省份工作过。先行词为 new teachers，将先行词代入定语从句后为 Many of the new teachers once worked in the western provinces。由此可见关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语且指“人”，关系代词为whom 。故填whom。 32．Born in 1756, Austria, Mozart deserves his status as one of the most popular (compose) worldwide. 【答案】composers 【详解】考查名词。句意：莫扎特1756年出生于奥地利，他当之无愧是世界上最受欢迎的作曲家之一。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作宾语，“作曲家”是composer，且one of后接可数名词复数形式，故填composers。 33．I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your (expect). I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account. 【答案】expectations 【详解】考查名词。句意：我确信自己完全能够达到您的期望。如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。空处作宾语，名词expectation“期望”符合句意，live up to one’s expectations“不辜负/达到某人的期望”是固定搭配，名词expectation应用复数形式。故填expectations。 34．There’s no less (innovate) going on at the farm like this robot plant nurse which can inspect 50 acres of row crops for diseases, pests, or other issues.  【答案】innovation 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这样的农场里不乏创新之举，比如这个机器人植物护理员，它可以检查50英亩的行间作物是否有疾病、害虫或其他问题。提示词作there be句型主语，用名词innovation，意为“创新”，不可数名词。故填innovation。 35．Group leader’s duty is (ensure) that all pupils in his group understand and practice what the teacher has taught. 【答案】to ensure 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：组长的职责是确保小组中的所有学生都理解并练习老师所教的内容。设空处应填动词不定式作表语，说明主语Group leader’s duty的具体内容。故填to ensure。 36．We can take online classes our leisure and all course materials are available free online. 【答案】at 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们可以在闲暇时参加线上课程，而且所有课程资料都可在网上免费获取。at one's leisure意为“在某人闲暇时”, 为固定搭配。故填at。 37．Some people are interviewing three (candidate) for the post of sales manager. 【答案】candidates 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：一些人正在面试三位销售经理职位的候选人。所给词“candidate”是可数名词，意为“候选人”，空前有基数词“three”（三个）修饰，所以此处使用candidate的复数形式是candidates。故填candidates。 38．For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to (critic) other people. 【答案】criticize/criticise 【详解】考查不定式。句意：对一个谦逊的人来说，最困难的事情之一或许就是批评他人。此处为不定式作表语，故空处应填动词原形，critic对应的动词是criticize/criticise，意为“批评”。故填criticize/criticise。 39．Nowadays, a large quantity of cookers on the market (guarantee) for three years at least. 【答案】is guaranteed 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，市场上大量的炊具至少保修三年。设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词，结合时间状语Nowadays可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语a large quantity of cookers和guarantee之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词的数与quantity保持一致，用单数形式。故填is guaranteed。 40．Stephen Curry’s practising day in and day out helped him (sharp) his skills. 【答案】to sharpen/sharpen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：斯蒂芬·库里日复一日的练习帮助他提升技能。help sb to do sth“帮助某人做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾补，to可省略。sharp的动词sharpen，意为“改善，提高”。故填(to) sharpen。 41．If I were given the use of my eyes, I should greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, and new (reveal) of beauty. 【答案】revelations 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果我能使用我的眼睛，我会迎接黎明，渴望发现新的乐趣和新的美的展现。设空处应填名词作宾语，再结合句意“展现；揭示”是revelation，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。故填revelations。 42．Isaacson interviewed hundreds of Steve Jobs’ friends and relatives to sum up Jobs’ (remark) life. 【答案】remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：艾萨克森采访了史蒂夫・乔布斯的数百位亲友，以总结乔布斯非凡的一生。此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词，remarkable，表“非凡的”，为形容词。故填remarkable。 43．My English teacher always encourages me to express myself in English without fear. Her words make me feel really . Whenever I face challenges in grammar or pronunciation, she gives me a lot of . (请用encourage的适当形式填空) 【答案】 encouraging encouraged encouragement 【详解】①考查现在分词。句意：她鼓励的话使我感到很受鼓舞。设空处修饰后面的名词words，所以要用形容词形式，且意为“鼓舞人心的”或“鼓励性的”，所以要用encouraging。故填encouraging。 ②考查过去分词。句意：她鼓励的话使我感到很受鼓舞。设空处位于系动词feel后面充当表语，且意为“受到鼓舞的”，所以要用过去分词形式encouraged。故填encouraged。 ③考查名词。句意：每当我在语法或发音上遇到挑战时，她都会给我很多鼓励。设空处充当gives的宾语，所以要用名词形式。故填encouragement。 44．Not only can this event open student’s eyes , but also develop our (innovate) hand-on ability. 【答案】innovative 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次活动不仅开阔了学生们的眼界，也培养了我们创新的动手能力。空处修饰名词ability，应填形容词作定语，故填innovative。 45．His (gentle) made all his children live happily. 【答案】gentleness 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的温柔使他所有的孩子都生活得很幸福。空处作主语，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰，应填名词形式，故填gentleness。 46．Running a marathon requires incredible physical and mental (endure) to push through the pain and fatigue. 【答案】endurance 【详解】考查名词。句意：跑马拉松需要难以置信的身体和精神耐力来克服疼痛和疲劳。空格前为形容词“physical and mental”，需填入名词作宾语。“endure”的名词形式是“endurance”，意为“耐力”，满足句意要求。故填endurance。 47．The young (compose) struggled for years before her symphony was finally performed by a major orchestra. 【答案】composer 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位年轻的作曲家经过多年的努力，她的交响乐终于由一家大型管弦乐队演奏。设空处使用compose的名词composer作主语，意为“作曲家”，根据后文的her可知，此处表示单数。故填composer。 48．All (apply) must submit entries by the specified deadline. 【答案】applicants 【详解】考查名词。句意：所有申请者必须在指定截止日期前提交参赛作品。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作主语，applicant，表“申请者”，符合句意，且由All可知，这里应用名词复数形式。故填applicants。 49．The passionate boy is (enthusiasm) in sports and especially has enthusiasm for ball games. 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个充满激情的男孩对运动很热情，尤其对球类运动怀有热情。设空处位于系动词is后作表语，需用形容词形式enthusiasm，构成固定搭配“be enthusiastic in”，意为“对……热情”。故填enthusiastic。 50．After a long academic preparation, he got the (qualify) to be an agent.   【答案】qualification/qualifications 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过长时间的学术准备，他获得了当经纪人的资格。此处作动词宾语，应用名词qualification“资格”，单复数都符合句意。故填qualification或qualifications。 考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．In traditional Chinese culture, the concept of a h (和谐的) society is deeply rooted in Confucian philosophy. 【答案】harmonious/armonious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在中国传统文化中，和谐社会的理念深深植根于儒家哲学。此处修饰名词“society”（社会），需要用形容词形式，“harmonious”符合语境。故填harmonious。 2．As we all know, saving food is a traditional Chinese v (美德) that has been around for thousands of years. 【答案】virtue/irtue 【详解】考查名词。句意：众所周知，节约粮食是中国几千年来的传统美德。根据首字母和句意“美德”及前文不定冠词a可知，使用单数名词virtue作表语。故填virtue。 3．As an innocent child, I didn’t need to think about hardships such as problems at work, or worry about i (收入). 【答案】income/ncome 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个天真的孩子，我不需要想工作问题这样的困难，也不用担心收入。根据首字母和中文提示“收入”及前文worry about可知，使用名词income作宾语，不可数。故填income。 4．A good (新闻工作者) should have strong communication skills and a sense of responsibility. 【答案】journalist 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个好的记者应该有很强的沟通技巧和责任感。结合不定冠词A和汉语提示，用单数名词journalist作主语。故填journalist。 5．Over the fourth d (十年) of the reform and opening-up, Shenzhen, the first special economic zone, has undergone rapid development. 【答案】decade/ecade 【详解】考查名词。句意：改革开放的第四个十年，作为第一个经济特区的深圳，经历了飞速发展。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词decade，作介词Over的宾语，由序数词fourth修饰，应用名词单数形式。故填decade。 6．The bright light shining down from the heavens made the freshly fallen snow shine with beauty that touched my s (灵魂). 【答案】soul/oul 【详解】考查名词。句意：从天上照耀下来的明亮的光使新下的雪闪耀着美丽，触动了我的灵魂。根据中英文提示可知，这里应用名词soul“灵魂”，作动词touched的宾语。故填soul。 7．Warmly welcomed by the e (年纪较大的) for their arrival, the students participated in various kinds of volunteer work. 【答案】elderly/lderly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：同学们受到了长者们的热烈欢迎，参加了各种志愿工作。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“年纪较大的”可知，应用形容词elderly，且此处“the + 形容词”表示一类人，the elderly意为“老年人”，符合语境。故填elderly。 8．As soon as I saw him, I felt a strong feeling of s (同情) for him. 【答案】sympathy/ympathy 【详解】考查名词。句意：我一见到他，就对他产生了强烈的同情心。根据中英文提示可知，这里应用名词sympathy“同情”作介词of的宾语，为不可数名词。故填sympathy。 9．The “double reduction” p (政策) will largely relieve the academic pressure on children. 【答案】policy/olicy 【详解】考查名词。句意：“双减”政策将在很大程度上减轻孩子们的学业压力。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词policy，作主语，且the “double reduction” policy为特定政策，用单数形式。故填policy。 10．You should calm down and get down to doing some s (扎实的) work. 【答案】solid/olid 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你应该冷静下来，开始做一些扎实的工作。根据中英文提示可知，这里应用形容词solid“扎实的”作定语，修饰名词work。故填solid。 11．In order to p (弘扬) traditional Chinese culture, the Student Union will hold a poetry recitation competition. 【答案】promote/romote 【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了弘扬中国传统文化，学生会将举办诗歌朗诵比赛。由首字母提示p可知，“弘扬”是promote，in order to do是固定短语，意为“为了做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故填promote。 12．With the guidance of her teacher, she developed a (恰当的) ways to express her emotions. 【答案】appropriate/ppropriate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在老师的指导下，她学会了用恰当的方式来表达自己的情感。结合首字母提示可知，“恰当的”应用形容词appropriate，作定语修饰名词ways。故填appropriate。 13．Two fifths of the land in that d (地区) is covered with trees and grass. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】district/istrict 【详解】考查名词。句意：那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草地所覆盖。由首字母提示d可知，“地区”是名词district，由that可知，空格处用单数形式，作宾语，故填district。 14．Although our situation was very bad, it’s difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at what’s happening e (在别处). 【答案】elsewhere/lsewhere 【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管我们的处境很糟糕，但当你看到别处正在发生的事情时，很难为自己感到太过遗憾。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为副词elsewhere“在别处”在句中作地点状语，满足句意要求。故填elsewhere。 15．The v (巨大的) range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions. 【答案】vast/ast 【详解】考查形容词。句意：海拔的巨大差异导致了气候条件的巨大变化。根据中英文提示“巨大的”以及首字母“v”，对应的英文形容词是“vast”，在句中作定语修饰名词“range”，“vast range”表示“巨大的范围”，符合语境。故填vast。 16．I only saw Helen on the r (罕见的) occasions when I went into her shop. 【答案】rare/are 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我只有在去海伦的店里那些罕见的场合才会见到她。根据中英文提示 “罕见的”以及首字母“r”，对应的英文形容词是“rare”，在句中作定语修饰名词“occasions”，“rare occasions”表示“罕见的场合”，符合语境。故填rare。 17．Wasting food absolutely needs to become a socially immoral thing to do — much like throwing g (垃圾) on the ground. 【答案】garbage/arbage 【详解】考查名词。句意：浪费食物的行为绝对应该被视为一种不道德的举动——就像乱扔垃圾一样。所填词在动名词throwing之后作宾语，要用名词。garbage是不可数名词，表示“垃圾”，符合题干要求。故填garbage。 18．Not until I returned did I realize that getting rid of a busy u (城市的) life was the best for me. 【答案】urban/rban 【详解】考查形容词。句意：直到我回来，我才意识到摆脱繁忙的城市生活对我来说才是最好的。所填词作定语修饰名词life，要用形容词。urban是形容词，表示“城市的”，符合题干要求。故填urban。 19．Faced with serious traffic jam, we should take a series of effective measures to t (解决) this problem. 【答案】tackle/ackle 【详解】考查动词。句意：面对严重的交通堵塞，我们应该采取一系列有效措施来解决这个问题。此处为动词，作目的状语（“to + 动词原形”构成不定式），根据首字母“t”及汉语提示“解决”，应为动词tackle；不定式符号to后接动词原形，所以此处用tackle的原形即可，符合句意。故填tackle。 20．A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea level provide (证据) of a dramatic change in the global climate. 【答案】evidence 【详解】考查名词。句意：海洋和大气变暖，加上冰层融化和海平面上升，为全球气候的剧烈变化提供了证据。根据汉语提示“证据”，以及上文provide可知，此处应填名词作宾语，evidence表示“证据”，为不可数名词。故填evidence。 21．At the Halloween party, children dressed in colorful c (服装，戏装) ran around the garden, laughing and shouting. 【答案】costumes/ostumes 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在万圣节派对上，孩子们穿着五颜六色的服装在花园里跑来跑去，又笑又叫。根据首字母c和汉语提示“服装，戏装”可知，此处应填名词costume；由children 可知，孩子们穿的服装不止一件，应用复数形式costumes，作dressed in的宾语。故填costumes。 22．I suppose I was looking for an (职业) which was going to be an adventure. 【答案】occupation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我想我当时在寻找一种充满冒险的职业。“职业”常见英文表达为“occupation”，根据空前不定冠词“an”可知，此处用名词单数形式作宾语。故填occupation。 23．My friend recommend me a good Italian restaurant in the (市区的) area. 【答案】downtown/urban 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的朋友向我推荐了市中心一家不错的意大利餐厅。根据汉语提示“市区的”可知，用形容词downtown/urban作定语修饰名词area，故填downtown/urban。 24．Her kind (性格) made her popular among her friends and classmates. 【答案】character/personality 【详解】考查名词。句意：她善良的性格使她在朋友和同学中很受欢迎。“性格”在句中作主语，可用名词character或personality，表示她善良的性格，用单数形式。故填character/personality。 25．The old house was covered in (灰尘) after years of being empty. 【答案】dust 【详解】考查名词。句意：这栋老房子空置多年，布满了灰尘。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词dust“灰尘”为不可数名词，作宾语，满足句意要求。故填dust。 26．The agreement strengthened the (纽带) between the two countries. 【答案】bond/bonds 【详解】考查名词。句意：该协议加强了两国之间的纽带。根据汉语提示和定冠词the可知，表示“纽带”应用名词bond作宾语，为可数名词，根据句意，即可用单数，也可用复数。故填bond(s)。 27． (有影响力的) painters, like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 【答案】Influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有影响力的画家，如列奥纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的艺术作品。空处修饰名词painters，用形容词形式作定语。形容词“有影响力的”英文为influential，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Influential。 28．It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of (家具) inside the house. 【答案】furniture 【详解】考查名词。句意：搬动房子里所有的家具花了他很大的精力。介词of后接名词形式，名词“家具”英文为furniture，是不可数名词，作宾语。故填furniture。 29．Our findings have far-reaching c (后果) for researchers. 【答案】consequences/onsequences 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的发现对研究人员有深远的后果。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“后果”及首字母“c”可知，应为名词consequence，且为可数名词，结合语境，研究发现的后果通常不止一个，所以此处应用复数形式consequences。故填consequences。 30．In the second group of states, direct i (干涉，干预) in the economy was limited. 【答案】intervention/ntervention 【详解】考查名词。句意：在第二组国家中，对经济的直接干预是有限的。此处为名词作主语，根据汉语提示“干涉，干预”及首字母“i”可知，应为名词intervention，结合谓语动词was limited可知，此处为名词单数形式。故填intervention。 31．Yogurt is a good source of calcium (钙) for anymore, and especially good for people who have trouble d milk. 【答案】digesting/igesting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：酸奶是任何人的钙的良好来源，尤其是对那些消化牛奶有困难的人。根据a good source of calcium for anymore可知，此处指尤其对那些消化牛奶有困难的人来说，空处应用动词digest表示“消化”，have trouble (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”，所以此处应用动名词形式digesting作宾语。故填digesting。 32．We stopped our car by the road and took time to a (欣赏) the amazing sunset view. 【答案】admire/dmire；appreciate/ppreciate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们把车停在路边，花时间欣赏令人惊叹的日落美景。“欣赏”为“admire或者appreciate”；to后接动词原形。故填admire/appreciate。 33．The company’s s (稳定的) growth over the past five years has attracted the attention of many investors. 【答案】steady/teady/stable/table 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司过去五年的稳定增长吸引了众多投资者的注意。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词stable或steady，修饰名词growth，作定语。故填steady或stable。 34．The employment structure has changed d (巨大地) in light of recent development s in computers. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】dramatically/ramatically 【详解】考查副词。句意：随着计算机技术的发展，就业结构发生了巨大的变化。空处修饰谓语动词has changed，故应填副词；结合首字母和汉语提示可知，副词dramatically符合题意。故填dramatically。 35．Public awareness campaigns aim to educate people about the importance of biodiversity c (保护). 【答案】conservation/onservation 【详解】考查名词。句意：公众意识宣传活动旨在向人们普及生物多样性保护的重要性。空处作介词of的宾语，结合首字母和汉语提示可知，名词conservation符合题意，为不可数名词。故填conservation。 36．The group came together to celebrate what they called a m (奇迹) after the missing hikers were found safe in the mountains. 【答案】miracle/iracle 【详解】考查名词。句意：在失踪的徒步旅行者在山里被安全找到后，这群人聚在一起庆祝他们所说的奇迹。根据中英文提示可知用名词miracle“奇迹”，作宾语，不定冠词a提示用单数。故填miracle。 37．The community garden focuses on growing o (有机的，绿色的) vegetables for local families. 【答案】organic/rganic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：社区花园专注于为当地家庭种植有机蔬菜。根据首字母o及汉语提示“有机的，绿色的”可知，本空用形容词organic，修饰vegetables，作前置定语。故填organic。 38．The loud music from the party next door began to d (使分心) me from my studying. 【答案】distract/istract 【详解】考查动词。句意：隔壁聚会传来的喧闹的音乐开始使我在学习时分心。根据首字母d及汉语提示“使分心”可知，本空用动词distract，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。故填distract。 39．Wouldn’t it be (贪婪的) to focus on money and fame rather than on something more meaningful? 【答案】greedy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：把注意力集中在金钱和名声上，而不是更有意义的事情上，这不是很贪婪吗？空格处用形容词作表语，“贪婪的”的形容词是greedy。故填greedy。 40． (显然), this new generation of wireless technology will transform people’s lives. 【答案】Apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，这一新一代的无线技术将会彻底改变人们的生活方式。根据汉语提示可知用副词apparently，修饰后文句子，首字母大写。故填Apparently。 41．My original (打算) was to spend a quiet weekend at home. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：我原本的打算是在家度过一个安静的周末。根据汉语提示可知用名词intention，作主语。故填intention。 42．Regular exercise is a (必需品) for maintaining good health. 【答案】necessity 【详解】考查名词。句意：定期锻炼是保持健康的必需品。此处为名词作表语，根据汉语提示“必需品”可知，应为名词necessity，由不定冠词“a”可知，用单数形式。故填necessity。 43．I booked my holiday through a local travel   (代理处). 【答案】agency 【详解】考查名词。句意：我通过当地的旅行社预订了假期。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“代理处”可知，应为名词agency。“travel agency”为固定搭配，意为“旅行社”，符合“预订假期”的语境，由不定冠词“a”可知，用单数形式。故填agency。 44．We can’t come to a (结论) until we have gathered all the necessary evidence. 【答案】conclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：在收集到所有必要的证据之前，我们不能得出结论。此处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示“结论”可知，应为名词conclusion，come to a conclusion为固定搭配，意为“得出结论”，符合句意。故填conclusion。 45．Discouraging the students’ a for easy rewards is a matter of urgency. 【答案】appetite/ppetite 【详解】考查名词。句意：抑制学生对容易得到的奖励的欲望是当务之急。分析句子结构可知，students’后接名词形式，在句中作宾语，名词appetite，表示“强烈欲望，渴望”之意。故填appetite。 46．Huang excelled where he was working and made contributions to his country. 【答案】substantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：黄在他工作的地方表现出色，为他的国家做出了巨大的贡献。设空处单词作定语修饰名词contributions(贡献)，结合句意，用形容词substantial，意为“大量的；重大的”，符合语境。故填substantial。 47．Women are still a (少数) in some senior management positions of large companies. 【答案】minority 【详解】考查名词。句意：在一些大公司的高级管理职位中，女性仍然占少数。此处为名词作表语，根据汉语提示及空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用可数名词单数形式minority表示“少数”，be a minority意为“占少数”，符合句意。故填minority。 48．China plans to e (to make something longer or larger) its high-speed train network to more cities and regions, bringing greater convenience to people’s travel. 【答案】expand/xpand 【详解】考查动词。句意：中国计划将高铁网络扩展到更多城市和地区，为人们的出行带来更大便利。根据首字母e以及括号内释义“to make something longer or larger(使某物更长或更大)”可知，空处应填动词expand，意为“扩展”。plan to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，所以空处用动词原形。故填expand。 49．My English teacher is the most (有影响力的) mentor I’ve ever met in choosing my career path. 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的英语老师是我在选择职业道路时遇到的最有影响力的导师。此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词“mentor”，根据汉语提示“有影响力的”可知，应为形容词influential。故填influential。 50．The (离开，退出) of a traditional craftsman from the industry may lead to a loss in the transmission of cultural heritage knowledge. 【答案】departure 【详解】考查名词。句意：传统工匠离开该行业可能会导致文化遗产知识传播的损失。根据汉语提示“离开，退出”可知，空格处涉及单词“departure”，意为“离开，退出”，为不可数名词，作主语。故填departure。 二、单句语法填空50题 1．Whatever our choices are, we should cherish and embrace these (memory) moments in life. 【答案】memorable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：无论我们做出何种选择，我们都应当珍惜并拥抱生活中这些令人难忘的时刻。修饰名词moments用形容词memorable，作定语。故填memorable。 2．During his (elect) campaign he promised to increase investment in education. 【答案】election 【详解】考查名词。句意：在竞选期间，他承诺增加对教育的投资。空处为修饰campaign，应用名词election，构成短语election campaign，意为“竞选活动”，符合句意，故填election。 3．In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong bond two people. 【答案】between 【详解】考查介词。句意：在一些文化中，友谊意味着两个人之间一种强大的终身纽带。空白处需填表示“之间”的介词。between专用于两者之间。故填between。 4．Doctors (commit) to fighting tropical diseases often work in remote field clinics under challenging conditions for years at a time. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：致力于对抗热带疾病的医生们常常要在艰苦的条件下在偏远的野外诊所工作数年之久。此处commit与doctors构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填committed。 5．To ensure the research findings are (access) to policymakers without scientific backgrounds, the team created simplified infographics alongside the technical report. 【答案】accessible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：为了确保研究结果能够被没有科学背景的政策制定者所理解，该团队在技术报告的同时还制作了简化的信息图表。空处在are之后，介词to之前，要用形容词形式作表语。access对应的形容词要在词尾加-ible，表示“可以理解的”，符合句意。故填accessible。 6．The saleswoman gently lifted up one of the dusty (shelf), trying not to get her hand dirty. 【答案】shelves 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：女售货员轻轻地抬起一个积满灰尘的架子，尽量不弄脏手。根据空前的one of the dusty可知，此处指“……之一”，应使用名词复数形式。故填shelves。 7．Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would (recite) in class the following day. 【答案】be recited 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：我们的老师通常会布置每天的家庭作业，这些作业需要在第二天课堂上背诵。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，从句主语which指代先行词daily homework，此处指家庭作业被背诵，结合助动词would，应用过去将来时的被动语态，所以空处应填be+done的结构。故填be recited。 8．Keeping a journal develops (emotion) awareness and aids in problem-solving. 【答案】emotional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：写日记能培养情绪意识，有助于解决问题。此处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词awareness，emotion的形容词为emotional“情绪的”。故填emotional。 9．To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others need to equip themselves accurate world knowledge. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：为了达到预期的结果，那些想要对他人做好事的人需要用准确的世界知识武装自己。equip sb. with sth.是固定短语，意为“用……装备某人；使某人具备……”。故填with。 10．When we work, we must practice our skills (constant) until we are good at what we do. 【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：当我们工作时，我们必须不断地练习我们的技能，直到我们擅长我们所做的事情。空处修饰动词practice，结合“until we are good at what we do”可知，副词constantly符合题意，意为“不断地”，作状语。故填constantly。 11． (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own assessment of the situation. 【答案】Apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己对形势的评估。所给词“apparent”是形容词，意为“明显的”。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子，作状语，因此应将“apparent” 变为副词形式“apparently”，意为“显然”。故填Apparently。 12．Tai chi helps train a sense of balance and also (dramatic) improves muscle strength and flexibility. 【答案】dramatically 【详解】考查副词。句意：太极拳有助于训练平衡感，还能显著增强肌肉力量和柔韧性。所填词作状语修饰谓语动词improves，要用副词形式。dramatic是形容词，对应的副词要在词尾加-ally。故填dramatically。 13．The book about the flu virus was (subsequent) translated into 15 languages. 【答案】subsequently 【详解】考查副词。句意：这本关于流感病毒的书随后被翻译成15种语言。所给词“subsequent”是形容词，意为“随后的”。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要一个副词来修饰动词“translated”（被翻译），因此应将“subsequent”变为副词形式“subsequently”，意为“随后；后来”。故填subsequently。 14．In the future, we will be using (advance) technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在未来，我们每天都会使用先进的技术来自动控制家里几乎所有的东西。空处修饰名词technology，应用advance的形容词形式advanced“先进的”作定语。故填advanced。 15．When I first heard of this new (restrict), I felt a brief sense of freedom. 【答案】restriction 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我第一次听说这项新的限制措施时，我有一种短暂的自由感。this new作定语修饰所填词，该词要用单数名词。restrict是动词，对应的名词在词尾加-ion。故填restriction。 16．I really appreciate (have) time to relax with you at the beautiful seaside. 【答案】having 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的很感激能有时间与你一起在美丽的海边放松身心。appreciate doing sth.是固定结构，表示“感激做某事”，have的V-ing形式是having。故填having。 17．The newcomer is always greedy something new. 【答案】for 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个新来的人总是渴望一些新鲜事物。be greedy for...是固定短语，意为“渴望……；贪求……”。故填for。 18．It was (reward) to see how our work helped bring people together from different cultures. 【答案】rewarding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看到我们的工作帮助不同文化背景的人们走到一起，这是很有意义的。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作表语，reward的形容词形式是rewarding，意为“值得的；有意义的”，符合语境。故填rewarding。 19．Lang Ping is loved not only because of her (devote) to her career, but also because of her huge influence on the sport of volleyball. 【答案】devotion 【详解】考查名词。句意：郎平之所以受到人们的喜爱，不仅是因为她对事业的执着投入，还因为她对排球运动产生了巨大的影响。作介词的宾语，用名词devotion，不可数，故填devotion。 20．The social environment is extremely (influence) when we’re making decisions. 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在我们做决策时，社会环境的影响是极其巨大的。作表语，用形容词influential，故填influential。 21．Eventually, he took exercise regularly with the (intend) of staying healthy. 【答案】intention 【详解】考查名词。句意：最终，他有规律地锻炼，目的是保持健康。此空应填名词作介词with的宾语，intend的名词形式是intention，意为“意图，目的”，with the intention of，为固定短语，意为“目的是……”，符合“锻炼的目的是保持健康”的语境。故填intention。 22．The candies were divided out among all the kids, but they could not agree upon the (divide) of them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】division 【详解】考查名词。句意：糖果被分发给了所有的孩子，但他们对糖果的分配（方式或结果）意见不一致。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作介词upon的宾语，division“分配”，为不可数名词。故填division。 23．I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the (depart) of the last bus to Prague. 【答案】departure 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在最后一班开往布拉格的巴士出发前30分钟抵达维也纳。根据空前的the可知，空处应用名词作before的宾语。departure意为“离开”。故填departure。 24．Only when we find peace in our hearts can we find a (harmony) world. 【答案】harmonious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有当我们内心获得平静，我们才能发现一个和谐的世界。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰名词world；harmonious为形容词，表示“和谐的、融洽的”，符合句意。故填harmonious。 25．He studied hard, and in （consequent）he passed the exam. 【答案】consequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：他学习很努力，结果他通过了考试。空处应用名词，作宾语；consequence为名词，表示“结果、后果”，介词短语in consequence表示“因此、结果”，符合句意。故填consequence。 26．It would have been easy to rely my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：我本可以轻易地依赖自己对这位从未离家超过几百英里的公路建设者的假设。分析句子可知，这里考查rely on，表“依靠”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故填on。 27．The prices of vegetables are reported to have a (tend) to increase in some cities. 【答案】tendency 【详解】考查名词。句意：据报道，一些城市的蔬菜价格有上涨的趋势。此处位于不定冠词“a”后，需用名词单数形式，tend是动词，意为“倾向于”，其名词形式是tendency，意为“趋势”，符合语境。故填tendency。 28．Next weekend at this time, the entire family (gather) at our grandparents’ house, enjoying a delicious homemade meal. 【答案】will be gathering 【详解】考查时态。句意：下周末的这个时候，全家人将聚集在我们祖父母家，享受一顿美味的自制大餐。句子描述“下周末这个时间点”（Next weekend at this time）正在发生的动作，强调将来具体时刻的持续状态，需用将来进行时（will be + 现在分词），故填will be gathering。 29．You can ask him about this question, for he is a (special) in this subject. 【答案】specialist 【详解】考查名词。句意：你可以问他这个问题，因为他是这方面的专家。空处应用名词作表语，special的名词形式为specialist“专家”，由a可知，应用单数形式，a specialist in...“……方面的专家”。故填specialist。 30．Send my best (greet) to your whole family when you go back. 【答案】greetings 【详解】考查名词。句意：你回去时请代我向你全家问好。空处应填名词greeting“问候”作宾语，greeting作可数名词，前面无限定词，此处应用复数形式，故填greetings。 31．From your words I reach the (conclude) that you didn’t attend the lecture. 【答案】conclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：从你的话里，我得出了你没有参加讲座的结论。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词，conclusion，表“结论”，符合语境，reach the conclusion，是固定搭配，意为“得出结论”。故填conclusion。 32．After the police took action, (thief) are hardly seen around here. 【答案】thieves 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：警察采取行动后，这里几乎看不到小偷了。thief是可数名词，结合are可知应用名词复数作主语，故填thieves。 33．Whenever he came back home, he brought some books (suit) for his child. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每次他回家，都会带一些适合他孩子的书。此处修饰名词“books”，需用形容词作后置定语，suit为动词，意为“适合”，其形容词形式是suitable，意为“合适的”，suitable for为固定搭配，意为“适合……的”，符合语境。故填suitable。 34．He is too (self) to share his things with you, so you can’t rely on him for help. 【答案】selfish 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他太自私了，不会和你分享他的东西，所以你不能指望他帮忙。此空应填形容词作表语，selfish，表“自私的”，符合语境。故填selfish。 35．His efforts to raise money for his program were vain, because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：他为自己的项目筹款的努力白费了，因为没有人表现出丝毫要从口袋里掏出一分钱的意愿。根据下文“because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.”可知，他的努力是徒劳地，短语in vain“徒劳，白费”符合题意。故填in。 36．The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other. 【答案】it 【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：这两个女孩长得太像了，以至于陌生人很难分辨出谁是谁。空后面的to tell one from the other是真正的宾语，此处应用it作形式宾语。故填it。 37．So you should try to avoid any   (expose) to the spreading virus by wearing a surgical mask in public, washing your hands properly. 【答案】exposure 【详解】考查名词。句意：因此，你应该尽量避免接触正在传播的病毒，在公共场所佩戴医用口罩，正确洗手。此处作动词“avoid”的宾语，且有形容词“any”修饰，需用名词形式，所给词“expose”为动词，意为“暴露”，其名词形式是exposure，意为“接触，暴露”。故填exposure。 38．I'm a student of Senior One in a middle school. I'm writing to you because I want humans to save the (endanger) tigers. 【答案】endangered 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我是一名中学高一的学生。我给您写信是因为我希望人类能够拯救濒危的老虎。空处修饰tigers，表示“濒危的”用形容词endangered作前置定语。故填endangered。 39． (economy) development is necessary if we want to improve society. 【答案】Economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果我们想改善社会，经济发展是必要的。空处修饰名词development，应用形容词形式economic“经济的”，作前置定语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Economic。 40．Many elementary and (second) schools set up libraries for use by all the students and teachers. 【答案】secondary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多小学和中学都建立了图书馆，供所有学生和教师使用。根据空后名词schools可知，此处应用形容词secondary“中学的”，作前置定语，修饰schools。故填secondary。 41．The actors’ acting was so (real) that for a moment, the audience forgot their own world and was completely drawn into the story. 【答案】realistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：演员们的表演如此逼真，以至于有那么一刻，观众忘记了自己的世界，完全被吸引到故事中去了。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，再结合句意“逼真的”为realistic。故填realistic。 42．Our company’s marketing strategies this year will have multiple (emphasis), including social media promotion and brand building. 【答案】emphases 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我们公司今年的营销策略将有多个重点，其中包括社交媒体推广和品牌建设。空处需填名词作宾语，根据上文multiple可知，空处为复数。故填emphases。 43．The factory, whose energy (consume) is strictly monitored by the government, has adopted new eco-friendly technologies. 【答案】consumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家工厂采用了新的环保技术，其能源消耗受到政府的严格监控。空格处需要名词作主语，且由形容词性物主代词whose修饰，consume为动词，意为“消耗”，其名词形式为consumption，意为“消耗”，是不可数名词。故填consumption。 44．Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he paid us back by his (commit) to saving us from a slow but painful death. 【答案】commitment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持活了下去，而且他用他的承诺回报我们，把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中解救出来。his是形容词性物主代词，因此空格处是名词，作介词by的宾语。commit的名词是commitment，是不可数名词。故填commitment。 45．The (compare) of various study methods allowed students to identify the most affective strategies for their learning styles. 【答案】comparison 【详解】考查名词。句意：对各种学习方法的比较使学生能够确定最适合他们学习风格的有效策略。compare是动词，其名词形式为comparison，意为“比较”，在此处作主语。故填comparison。 46．She greeted everyone with an (infect) smile that instantly lifted the mood in the room. 【答案】infectious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她带着极具感染力的笑容向大家打招呼，这一笑容立刻让房间里的气氛变得欢快起来。修饰名词smile用形容词infectious，作定语。故填infectious。 47．At the station, in contrast Toronto, they heard people talking in French. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：在车站，与多伦多相比，他们听到人们用法语交谈。根据上文in contrast可知此处为固定短语“in contrast to”，表示“与……形成对比”，应填介词表示对比的对象是多伦多。故填to。 48．You will have to work out (month) budgets, and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal. 【答案】monthly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你们需要制定每月的预算计划，一旦做出错误的决定，可能会给公司带来巨大的损失。修饰名词budgets用形容词monthly，故填monthly。 49．Vocational education generally prepares people to work in a specific (occupy) by teaching theory in the classroom. 【答案】occupation 【详解】考查名词。句意：职业教育通常通过在课堂上教授理论，使人们为从事特定职业做好准备。本空作in的宾语，应填名词occupation“职业”，根据空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填occupation。 50．The flood will threaten the life (secure) of people in the small village. 【答案】security 【详解】考查名词。句意：洪水将威胁到这个小村庄里人们的生命安全。此空应填名词作宾语，security，表“安全”，为不可数名词。故填security。 考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．Every one of us may plant a tree in the school, or we can organize a t (彻底的) cleaning on the campus. 【答案】thorough/horough/total/otal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们每个人都可以在学校种一棵树，或者我们可以在校园里组织一次彻底的大扫除。根据中英文提示，“彻底的”对应的英语单词是“thorough/ total”，在句中作定语修饰名词“cleaning”，符合语境。故填thorough/ total。 2．He b (弯腰) down and picked up a book from the floor. 【答案】bent/ent 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他弯下腰，从地板上捡起一本书。根据单词首字母以及中文提示“弯腰”，可知应填动词bend，结合后文picked up可知，为过去发生的事情，此处应用一般过去时，bend的过去式为bent，符合语境。故填bent。 3．The sun e (出现) from behind the clouds, bathing the mountain in golden light. 【答案】emerged/merged 【详解】考查时态。句意：太阳从云层后出现，使那座山沐浴在金色的阳光中。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“出现”应用动词emerge；根据语境可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，即emerge用过去式。故填emerged。 4．Education is the most powerful w (武器) that you can use to change the world. 【答案】weapon/eapon 【详解】考查名词。句意：教育是你可以用来改变世界的最有力的武器。此处为名词作表语，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“武器”应用可数名词weapon，结合前面的定冠词“the”以及形容词最高级“most powerful”可知，此处应用单数形式。故填weapon。 5．Their o (杰出的) acts of courage mean that we will always remember them. 【答案】outstanding/utstanding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们杰出的勇敢行为意味着我们会永远记住他们。此处为形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词“acts (行为)”，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“杰出的”应用形容词outstanding，outstanding acts of courage意为“杰出的勇敢行为”，符合语境。故填outstanding。 6．Police warned that acts of v (暴力) would not be tolerated. 【答案】violence/iolence 【详解】考查名词。句意：警方警告说，暴力行为将不会被容忍。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填名词violence“暴力”，作介词of的宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填violence。 7．Wearing a suit and tie is a d for a business meeting. 【答案】demand/emand 【详解】考查名词。句意：商务会议要求穿西装打领带。结合不定冠词a、首字母和句意，用单数名词demand (要求)作表语。故填demand。 8．Seeing the misfortune of many poor r (乡村的) families, Zhang Guimei spared no effort to raise funds and set up a free high school for girls. 【答案】rural/ural 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看到许多贫困农村家庭的不幸，张桂梅不遗余力地筹集资金，为女孩们建立了一所免费高中。根据汉语提示“乡村的”和首字母提示“r”可知，此处为形容词rural，作定语修饰名词families。故填rural。 9．A sudden feeling of pain struck my chest, and I held onto it trying to e (缓解) the pain. 【答案】ease/ase 【详解】考查动词。句意：一阵突如其来的疼痛袭上我的胸口，我按住胸口试图缓解疼痛。根据首字母“e”以及中文提示“缓解”，这里需要一个动词，“ease”有“缓解；减轻”之意，符合语境。try to do sth.表示“试图做某事”，所以用动词原形“ease”。故填ease。 10．She became quite angry, w (抽出) her hand from her friend and left without a word. 【答案】withdrew/ithdrew 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她变得非常生气，从朋友手中抽回手，一言不发地离开了。根据汉语提示 和首字母可知，此处为动词withdraw，作谓语，结合前文became可知，句子使用的一般过去时，因此用过去式withdrew。故填withdrew。 11．You can take part in debates, quizzes, or e (作文) competitions in which you don’t have to spend money and can enrich your knowledge. 【答案】essay/ssay 【详解】考查名词。句意：你可以参加辩论、测验或作文比赛，这些活动不需要你花钱，还能丰富你的知识。根据中英文提示可知，essay“作文”，名词作定语修饰competitions，essay competitions表示“作文比赛”。故填essay。 12．The bay’s beautiful scenery c (包括) a blue sea, silver beaches, stretches of green woods and sail boats passing through. 【答案】comprises/omprises 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个海湾的美丽景色包括一片蓝色的大海、银色的沙滩、连绵的绿色树林和驶过的帆船。此处为动词作谓语，根据首字母“c”及汉语提示“包括”，对应的动词是comprise；句子描述的是客观存在的景色，应用一般现在时，主语“The bay’s beautiful scenery”为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式comprises，符合句意。故填comprises。 13．I would deeply appreciate it if you could give me the p (珍贵的) chance to serve as a volunteer. 【答案】precious/recious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你能给我这个珍贵的机会去担任志愿者，我将不胜感激。此处为形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词chance；根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“珍贵的”应用形容词precious，precious chance意为“珍贵的机会”，符合语境。故填precious。 14．The draft of my speech has been prepared and I sincerely hope you can help me p (润色) it. 【答案】polish/olish 【详解】考查动词。句意：我的演讲稿已经准备好了，我真诚地希望你能帮我润色一下。根据句意以及中英文提示可知，空处应填动词polish“润色”，help sb. do sth.为固定短语，表示“帮助某人做某事”，空处应填动词原形polish。故填polish。 15．I have extensive experience working as a language a (助理) in an international organization. 【答案】assistant/ssistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在一家国际组织担任语言助理，拥有丰富的经验。结合不定冠词a、首字母和汉语提示，用单数名词assistant作宾语。故填assistant。 16．He started to feel that the boat was more like a p (监狱) and time passed very slowly. 【答案】prison/rison 【详解】考查名词。句意：他开始觉得这艘船更像一座监狱，时间过得很慢。空处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，根据首字母和中文提示可知，以字母p开头且表示“监狱”含义的单词为prison，空前有不定冠词a修饰，所以用单数形式。故填prison。 17．You need to e (扩大) your Chinese vocabulary, thus potentially helping you better fit into the class. 【答案】enlarge/nlarge/expand/xpand 【详解】考查动词原形。句意：你需要扩大你的中文词汇量，从而有可能帮助你更好地融入课堂。结合首字母和汉语提示，用动词enlarge/expand，need to do sth.，该空用动词原形形式。故填enlarge/expand。 18．The f (发现) add heat to an already fierce debate over environmental pollution. 【答案】findings/indings 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些发现给已经激烈的环境污染辩论火上浇油。结合首字母和汉语提示，空处应使用名词finding，谓语动词add为原形形式，表明主语需用复数形式，finding应变为复数形式findings。故填findings。 19．He couldn’t help but f (皱眉) when he saw the mess his children had made in the living room. 【答案】frown/rown 【详解】考查动词。句意：当看到孩子们把客厅弄得一团糟时，他忍不住皱起了眉头。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“皱眉”应用frown，为动词，且这里考查couldn’t help but do，是英语中一个常用的固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事；不得不做某事”，所以这里应用动词原形。故填frown。 20．The company enjoys a worldwide (名声) for the quality of design. 【答案】reputation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司因其设计质量在全球享有盛誉。“名声”为“reputation”作宾语。空前有不定冠词，故用单数。故填reputation。 21．The government l (发射) the rocket in March,1980. 【答案】launched/aunched 【详解】考查动词。句意：该国政府于1980年3月发射了这枚火箭。根据中英文提示可知用动词launch，结合后文March, 1980可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填launched。 22．Yesterday, the doctor i (坚持，坚持认为) that she should stay in hospital for two months. 【答案】insisted/nsisted 【详解】考查动词。句意：昨天，医生坚决要求她住院两个月。根据中英文提示可知用动词insist，作谓语，结合上文Yesterday可知为一般过去时。故填insisted。 23．The movie set used (人造) snow to create a winter scene in summer. 【答案】artificial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：电影布景用人造雪在夏天营造出冬天的场景。空处修饰名词snow，应填形容词作定语，表示“人造的”使用形容词artificial。故填artificial。 24．Sarah looked up with a puzzled (皱眉) on her face. 【答案】frown 【详解】考查名词。句意：萨拉抬起头，脸上带着困惑的皱眉表情。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“皱眉”应用名词frown，为可数名词，作介词后宾语，且由空前a可知，这里应用单数形式。故填frown。 25．Scientists need to e (评估) how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is. 【答案】evaluate/valuate 【详解】考查动词。句意：科学家们需要评估这种新材料的抗磨损能力，以证明它的价值。此处为动词作谓语，根据汉语提示“评估”及首字母“e”可知，应为动词evaluate，need to后接动词原形。故填evaluate。 26．The students return in September for the start of the new a (学业的) year. 【答案】academic/cademic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学生们会在九月返校，开启新的学年。根据中英文提示可知用形容词academic，修饰名词year。故填academic。 27．The two countries signed an agreement to jointly l (发射) satellites. 【答案】launch/aunch 【详解】考查动词。句意：两国签署协议，联合发射卫星。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词launch“发射”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填launch。 28．From his (困惑的) look, we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a question to him. 【答案】confused/puzzled 【详解】考查形容词。句意：从他困惑的表情中，我们可以看出他没有料到我们会向他提出这样的问题。空处作定语，修饰名词look，结合汉语提示可知，形容词confused/puzzled符合题意，故填confused/puzzled。 29．A dolphin (跳跃) out of water just now. 【答案】leapt/leaped 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：刚才一只海豚从水里跳了出来。“跳跃”leap，根据时间状语just now可知，句子应用一般过去时，动词用过去式形式leapt/ leaped。故填leapt/ leaped。 30．He has always wanted to be a like her father, who worked for a local newspaper before retirement. 【答案】ambitious/mbitious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他一直想成为像她父亲那样有抱负的人，她父亲退休前在一家当地报纸工作。空处用于to be之后，使用形容词，与be构成系表结构，结合首字母提示以及句中worked for a local newspaper before retirement可知，此处表示像她的父亲一样有抱负的人，使用形容词ambitious，表示“有抱负的”，符合题意。故填ambitious。 31．Last week, a powerful typhoon s (吹过) the coastal city, causing severe damage to buildings and infrastructure. 【答案】swept/wept 【详解】考查动词。句意：上周，一场强台风席卷了这座沿海城市，对建筑和基础设施造成严重破坏。结合首字母提示可知，“吹过”应用动词sweep，作谓语，结合“Last week”可知，时态应用一般过去时。故填swept。 32．The CEO had to (辞职) due to the company’s funding issue. 【答案】resign 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于公司资金方面的问题，这位首席执行官不得不辞职。根据汉语提示可知用动词resign，且位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形。故填resign。 33．She devoted her life to helping earthquake (受害者) rebuild their homes and lives. 【答案】victims 【详解】考查名词。句意：她毕生致力于帮助地震灾民重建家园和生活。根据汉语提示“受害者”可知，此处为名词victim，作宾语，结合下文“their homes and lives.”可知，使用名词复数形式。故填victims。 34．Located in the heart of the city, this (植物学的) garden is a heaven for nature lovers 【答案】botanical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座植物园位于市中心，是自然爱好者的天堂。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“植物学的”应用botanical，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填botanical。 35．The train b for Shanghai will depart from Platform 3 in ten minutes. 【答案】bound/ound 【详解】考查形容词。句意：开往上海的火车将在10分钟后从3号站台开出。be bound for开往； 准备到……去，在句中作定语，修饰名词train。故填bound。 36．Athletes’ performance was evaluated through o (based on facts rather than on personal feelings or opinions) measurements like speed and accuracy. 【答案】objective/bjective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：运动员的表现是通过客观的测量方式来评估的，例如速度和准确性。根据首字母和英文释义“基于事实而非个人情感或观点”可知，此空应填objective，表“客观的”，为形容词，在本句中作定语修饰后面名词，符合语境。故填objective。 37．After months of unemployment and with no money left, he felt (绝望的) and didn’t know how to feed his family. 【答案】desperate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：失业几个月后，身无分文，他感到绝望，不知道如何养活家人。空格处用形容词作表语，“绝望的”的形容词是desperate，故填desperate。 38．She (怒目而视) at him angrily. 【答案】glared 【详解】考查动词。句意：她生气地怒目而视着他。根据汉语提示“怒目而视”以及后文at him angrily可知，此处应填动词glare作谓语，且结合语境可知动作已发生，应用一般过去时。故填glared。 39．He is a n and playwright from South Wales. 【答案】novelist/ovelis 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是一位来自南威尔士的小说家和剧作家。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处应用名词novelist表示“小说家”，和后面的名词playwright（剧作家）并列作表语，由空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填novelist。 40．He was a very m man and he never forced his opinions upon others. 【答案】modest/odest 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是一个非常谦逊的人，从不把自己的意见强加给别人。根据句意可推测，此处想表达他性格谦逊，结合首字母提示“m”，可知应填形容词modest，意为“谦逊的”，作定语修饰名词man。故填modest。 41．My son is a quiet and (温和的) man who likes sports and enjoys life． 【答案】gentle 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的儿子是一个安静温和的人，他喜欢运动，享受生活。根据汉语提示“温和的”以及空前的“quiet and”可知，此处应填形容词gentle，与quiet并列作定语修饰名词man。故填gentle。 42． (有关的) work experience is required for overseas postings. 【答案】Relevant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：海外工作需要相关的工作经验。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填入形容词relevant，表示“相关的”，作定语修饰名词短语work experience，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Relevant。 43．She refused to (作弊) on her exams, believing in the value of hard work and honesty. 【答案】cheat 【详解】考查动词。句意：她拒绝在考试中作弊，坚信努力和诚实的价值。“作弊”用动词cheat，在不定式符号to后用原形，构成不定式短语作宾语。故填cheat。 44．Social media plays a role in raising awareness about the harmful effects of (不合法的) wildlife trade. 【答案】illegal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：社交媒体在提高人们对非法野生动物贸易有害影响的认识方面发挥着作用。“不合法的”修饰名词词组wildlife trade，用形容词illegal作定语。故填illegal。 45．John decided to (原谅) himself for past mistakes and found new confidence moving forward. 【答案】forgive 【详解】考查动词。句意：约翰决定原谅自己过去的错误，并在前进的道路上找到了新的信心。“原谅”用动词forgive，因decide to do sth.是固定用法，用不定式作宾语，意为“决定做某事”，所以forgive用原形。故填forgive。 46．The papers were quick to (谴责) him for his mistakes. 【答案】condemn 【详解】考查动词。句意：报纸很快就因他的错误而谴责他。be quick to do sth.为固定用法，意为 “急于做某事”，to后接动词原形。condemn有 “谴责”之意，符合语境。故填condemn。 47．Judging from his strong (口音), we know he is from Guangdong province. 【答案】accent 【详解】考查名词。句意：从他浓重的口音判断，我们知道他来自广东省。根据汉语提示“口音”，以及上文 his strong 可知此处应填单数名词作宾语，accent 表示“口音”，为可数名词。故填accent。 48．He p to be seriously interested in what she said. 【答案】pretended/retended 【详解】考查动词。句意：他假装对她所说的话非常感兴趣。根据首字母提示p可知，应用动词pretend“假装”，此处描述过去发生的事情，时态使用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填pretended。 49．He bought her a diamond ring on their tenth wedding a . 【答案】anniversary/nniversary 【详解】考查名词。句意：在他们的十周年结婚纪念日上，他给她买了一枚钻石戒指。根据单词首字母以及句意“纪念日”以及上文wedding可知，应填名词anniversary，作宾语，此处为特指应用单数形式。故填anniversary。 50．He began to (整理) the flowers in the vase to look more beautiful. 【答案】arrange 【详解】考查动词。句意：他开始整理花瓶里的花，让它们看起来更漂亮。“整理”用动词arrange，用原形构成不定式短语to arrange作宾语。故填arrange。 二、单句语法填空50题 1．It’s a good idea to do a variety of exercises on a daily or a (week) basis. 【答案】weekly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每天或每周做各种各样的练习是个好主意。空格处修饰名词“basis”，需用提示词的形容词形式。所给词“week”是名词，其形容词形式为“weekly”，意为“每周的”。“on a weekly basis”表示“每周一次”，符合语境。故填weekly。 2．The athlete was banned the game for two years after failing a drug test. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：这名运动员因在药物检测中呈阳性结果而被禁止参加比赛两年。短语be banned from表示“被禁止……”。故填from。 3．The wide income gap between urban and rural areas can neither contribute to the (stable) of a country nor promote its economic development. 【答案】stability 【详解】考查名词。句意：城乡收入差距过大既不利于国家的稳定，也不利于国家的经济发展。空处应用名词作介词to的宾语，stable的名词形式为stability“稳定”，为不可数名词。故填stability。 4．All eyes glued to me closely, I tried to clear my throat to say something, but my heart pounded (violent). 【答案】violently 【详解】考查副词。句意：所有的目光都紧紧地盯着我，我努力清了清嗓子想说点什么，但我的心剧烈地跳动着。空处修饰动词pounded，应用violent的副词形式violently作状语，意为“剧烈地；极度地”， heart pounded violently表示“心脏剧烈地跳动，心跳地很厉害”，符合语境。故填violently。 5．When you practice your speech, you can have others join in the (evaluate) of your strong points and your weaknesses. 【答案】evaluation 【详解】考查名词。句意：当你练习演讲时，你可以让其他人参与对你的优点和缺点的评价。定冠词“the”后应接名词，作介词“in”的宾语，evaluate为动词，其名词形式evaluation意为“评价”，为不可数名词。故填evaluation。 6．As is often reported, many wild animals are being hunted and killed (illegal) for their fur, from which the hunters can make great profits. 【答案】illegally 【详解】考查副词。句意：正如经常报道的那样，许多野生动物因皮毛而被非法猎杀，猎人可以从中获得巨额利润。副词illegally作状语，修饰动词短语are being hunted and killed。故填illegally。 7．I’m trying to learn Spanish, and I find it very (demand). 【答案】demanding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我正在努力学习西班牙语，我发现它要求很高。find+宾语+宾补，形容词demanding (要求高的)作宾补。故填demanding。 8．Nearly every job is (potential) at risk in the long run. 【答案】potentially 【详解】考查副词。句意：从长远来看，几乎所有的工作都有潜在的风险。副词potentially作状语修饰介词短语at risk。故填potentially。 9．The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading (novel). 【答案】novelist 【详解】考查名词。句意：《远大前程》受到了广泛的评论和高度赞扬，它的出版加强了狄更斯作为主要小说家的地位。结合不定冠词a，空处应使用单数名词novelist (小说家)，作as的宾语。故填novelist。 10．He raised some problems in our plan and then proceeded (give) us some suggestions. 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：他指出了我们计划中的一些问题，然后接着给了我们一些建议。根据固定用法proceed to do sth.意为“接着做某事（指做完一件事后继续做另一件事）”可知，此处使用动词不定式形式作宾语，符合此处“先指出问题，再给出建议”的语境，而“proceed doing sth.”表示“继续做同一件事”，与语境不符。故填to give。 11．We can live a peaceful life because of economic (stable). 【答案】stability 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们能够过上和平的生活，因为经济稳定。设空处为宾语，应用名词stability，意为“稳定”，不可数名词，故填stability。 12．He (withdraw) some money from the bank and then went home. 【答案】withdrew 【详解】考查时态。句意：他从银行取了些钱，然后回家了。句中and then went home表明事情发生在过去，and连接两个并列的动作，时态应保持一致，所以withdraw（取[钱] ）也应用一般过去时，withdraw的过去式是withdrew，故填withdrew。 13．He showed great (wise) when he settled the quarrel (wise). 【答案】 wisdom wisely 【详解】考查名词和副词。句意：他在明智地解决这场争吵时表现出了极大的智慧。第一个空在形容词great后，需名词形式wisdom“智慧”作动词showed的宾语，不可数名词；第二个空在settled the quarrel后需副词形式wisely“明智地”修饰动词settled，作状语。故填①wisdom；②wisely。 14．There have been large (quantity) of rain in this area this year. 【答案】quantities 【详解】考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：今年这个地区降雨量很大。根据上文have been可知，本句的谓语动词为复数形式，再根据空格前的large可知，此处用固定短语large quantities of表示“大量”，后面跟名词复数或者不可数名词，此处跟的是不可数名词rain。故填quantities。 15．He is always (modesty) about his achievements in his work. 【答案】modest 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他总是对自己工作中的成就很谦虚。is为系动词，系动词后常接形容词作表语。modesty为名词，意为“谦逊”，需将其转换为形容词modest，be modest about为固定搭配，意为“对……谦逊”，故填modest。 16．I was much (puzzle) why he raised such a (puzzle) question. 【答案】 puzzled puzzling 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我非常困惑他为什么提出这样一个令人困惑的问题。第一空应填puzzled作表语，体现“我”内心的感受，即“感到困惑的”；第二空应填puzzling作定语修饰question，说明问题的性质是“令人困惑的”。故填puzzled；puzzling。 17．Much our amusement, no one appeared at the party. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：令我们非常好笑的是，聚会上一个人也没来。分析句子可知，设空处应填介词，结合句意“令……”是to，“much to one’s amusement”表示“令某人非常好笑的是”。故填to。 18． (bare) had the thought come to me when it was gone again. 【答案】Barely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我刚有这个念头，它又消失了。此处是barely...when...引导的时间状语从句，意为“刚……就……”，否定副词barely位于句首，后面的句子需用倒装结构，首字母应大写，故填Barely。 19．Hearing that Chinese Language （associate） is recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming Chinese students, I am gladly writing to apply for this job. 【答案】Association 【详解】考查名词。句意：得知中国语言协会正在招募一些志愿者来迎接即将到来的中国学生，我非常高兴地写信申请这份工作。空处应用名词，作主语；association为名词，表示“协会”，Chinese Language Association表示“中国语言协会”，为专有名词，首字母应用大写。故填Association。 20．What’s more, lectures about Chinese history, (architect), poems, or even food, are surely welcome. 【答案】architecture 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，有关中国历史、建筑、诗歌甚至食物的讲座当然也很受欢迎。空处和上文history，以及下文poems，food并列作介词about的宾语，结合句意，名词architecture“建筑”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填architecture。 21．The researchers will (analysis) the survey results to understand the public’s opinion on climate change. 【答案】analyse/analyze 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：研究人员将分析调查结果，以了解公众对气候变化的看法。结合空前的will可知，此处应填动词analyse/analyze“分析”，与will构成一般将来时。故填analyse/analyze。 22．This clinic plans to (special) in providing children’s medical care to serve families with young children. 【答案】specialize 【详解】考查动词。句意：这家诊所计划专门提供儿童医疗服务，以服务有年幼子女的家庭。“plan to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“计划做某事”，不定式符号to后面需要接动词原形，“special”是形容词，其动词形式是specialize，意为“专门研究或从事”；specialize in “专门从事；擅长”。故填specialize。 23．The ballet dancer was so (grace) on stage. 【答案】graceful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位芭蕾舞演员在舞台上非常优雅。本空在句中作表语，用形容词graceful“优雅的”。故填graceful。 24．I should credit my progress in English my teacher 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我应该把我的英语进步归功于我的老师。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语credit...to...，表示“把……归功于……”。故填to。 25．I find it difficult to be (object) where he’s concerned. 【答案】objective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一涉及到他，我就很难做到客观。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，所给词object为动词，其形容词形式是objective，意为“客观的”。故填objective。 26．It is hard to believe Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：很难相信梵高一生只卖出了一幅画。此处it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，用连词that引导从句。故填that。 27．The scientist struggled (accomplish) a major breakthrough after years of research. 【答案】to accomplish 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经过多年的研究，这位科学家努力取得了重大突破。句中考查固定短语struggle to do sth“努力或艰难地做某事”，故填to accomplish。 28．When pupils do reading (comprehend), they do an exercise to find out how well they understand a piece of spoken or written language. 【答案】comprehension 【详解】考查名词。句意：当学生进行阅读理解时，他们会做一项练习来检验他们对一段口语或书面语言的理解程度。空处作宾语，需用名词comprehension，为不可数名词。故填comprehension。 29．The (restore) to the castle has taken a year and cost a large sum of money. 【答案】restoration 【详解】考查名词。句意：城堡的修复工作花了一年时间，耗费了一大笔钱。分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作主语，由定冠词the修饰，再结合句意“修复”是restoration，为不可数名词。故填restoration。 30．Someone who is (ambition) has a strong desire to be successful, rich or powerful. 【答案】ambitious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有野心的人渴望成功、富有或有权势。空处作表语，需用形容词ambitious。故填ambitious。 31．The purpose of a celebration is (contain) laughter, love, and memories that lasts long after the celebration ends. 【答案】to contain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：庆祝活动的目的是包含欢笑、爱以及在庆祝活动结束后仍能长久留存的回忆。此处为非谓语动词作表语，说明主语“The purpose”的具体内容，即“……的目的是做某事”，表示将要发生的动作，所以此处使用动词不定式形式to contain。故填to contain。 32．Sir, if you have a problem with the size, talk to the shopping (assist) standing right at the entrance. 【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：先生，如果您对尺寸有问题，跟就站在入口处的购物助手说。根据句中talk to可知，此处表示对购物助手说，空处应用名词assistant，表示“助手，店员”，shopping assistant意为“购物助手”，这里指特定的在入口处的购物助手，用单数形式作宾语。故填assistant。 33．Despite modern trends, her determined (loyal) to classical oil painting set her work apart in the contemporary art scene. 【答案】loyalty 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管存在现代艺术的种种潮流，但她对古典油画的坚定执着使她的作品在当代艺术领域中独树一帜。空处应用名词，作主语；loyalty为名词，表示“忠诚”，符合句意。故填loyalty。 34．The old man s advice was filled with (wise), guiding the young couple through their first major life decision. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位老人的建议充满了智慧，引导着这对年轻夫妇做出了他们人生中的第一个重大决定。提示词作介词后宾语，用名词形式wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdom。 35．He suddenly became very (tear). 【答案】tearful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他突然泪流满面。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，tearful，表“哭泣的”，符合语境。故填tearful。 36．You are supposed to carry out the task (flexible). 【答案】flexibly 【详解】考查副词。句意：你应该灵活地执行这项任务。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰前面动词，flexibly，表“灵活地”，符合语境。故填flexibly。 37．Tom and his brother have a lot in common. instance, they are both good at making up stories. 【答案】For 【详解】考查介词。句意：汤姆和他的弟弟有很多共同之处。例如，他们都擅长编故事。分析句子可知，这里考查for instance，表“例如”，为固定搭配，且句首时首字母应大写。故填For。 38．Training didn’t result in good results and was much (effective) than expected. 【答案】less effective 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：训练没有产生好的结果，并且比预期的效果差得多。由than可知，此空应用形容词比较级，less effective，表“更无效的”，与上文Training didn’t result in good results对应，符合语境。故填less effective。 39．Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal you! 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：无论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，都有一个令人难以置信的主题公园会吸引你！根据上文will appeal可知此处为短语“appeal to sb”，表示“吸引某人”，空处应填介词。故填to。 40．They faced one difficulty after another with bravery and (dedicate). 【答案】dedication 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们勇敢且专注地面对一个又一个困难。此处为名词与bravery并列作介词with的宾语，dedicate为动词，意为“献身；专注”，其名词形式为dedication，指“奉献精神；专注”，为不可数名词。故填dedication。 41．Reeve became a (passion) and energetic advocate for people with back injuries. 【答案】passionate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：里夫成为了一位为背部受伤者发声的、充满热情与活力的倡导者。空处修饰其后的名词advocate，需用形容词形式，作定语。passion的形容词形式为passionate，意为“热情的”，符合句意。故填passionate。 42．Cheating on the exam is not only against the rules but also deeply (moral). 【答案】immoral 【详解】考查形容词。句意：考试作弊不仅违反规则，而且非常不道德。not only… but also…连接并列的结构，空处作表语，结合“Cheating on the exam”可知，应用形容词immoral“不道德的”。故填immoral。 43． made Zhang Tian happy was that his students showed great progress. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：让张天高兴的是他的学生们取得了很大的进步。分析句子结构可知，“____ made Zhang Tian happy”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“让张天高兴的事情”，应用连接代词what引导，且首字母大写。故填What。 44．Remember (turn) off the air conditioning when you leave the room. 【答案】to turn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你离开房间时，记得关掉空调。此处为动词不定式作宾语，remember to do sth.表示“记得去做某事（事情尚未做）”，此处指离开时要记得关空调，动作尚未发生，所以用不定式形式符合语境。故填to turn。 45．You should not give up the the interview unless (reject). 【答案】rejected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除非面试被拒绝，否则你不应放弃参加面试。此处为状语从句的省略，reject与you构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填rejected。 46．For this person who has committed a serious mistake, it is such a great relief (forgive) by others. 【答案】to be forgiven 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于这个犯了严重错误的人来说，被别人原谅是一种极大的解脱。“it is + n. + to do sth.”的固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，且forgive(原谅)与其逻辑主语this person之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动形式to be forgiven作主语。故填to be forgiven。 47．According to a recent survey, the number of students experiencing academic burnout (account) for 30% of respondents. 【答案】accounts 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据最近的一项调查，经历学业倦怠的学生人数占受访者的30%。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填accounts。 48．Knowing that the kids now have money for school is keeps me going and gives me more energy. 【答案】what 【详解】考查连接代词。句意：知道孩子们现在有钱上学是我继续前进的动力，给了我更多的精力。 keeps me going是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 49．If we back on this issue now, they will assume we are weak. 【答案】down 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：如果我们现在在这个问题上让步，他们会认为我们软弱。back down 是一个短语，意为 “让步；退缩；放弃（主张、要求、立场等）”。符合语境。故填down。 50．Our (capable) for giving care, love, and attention is limited. 【答案】capacity 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们给予关心、爱和关注的能力是有限的。本空作主语，应用名词形式capability“能力”，根据空后is可知，用单数形式。故填capability。 考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇 1、 单词拼写50题 1．Since you’re interested in the Chinese paper-cutting recently, I s (诚挚地)invite you to the exhibition. 【答案】sincerely/incerely 【详解】考查副词。句意：既然你最近对中国剪纸感兴趣，我诚挚地邀请你参观这个展览。根据中英文提示及句意可知，此处使用副词sincerely“诚挚地，真诚地”，作状语，修饰动词invite。故填sincerely。 2．The correspondent took a step b (向后) and knocked over the video camera. 【答案】backward/ackward 【详解】考查副词。句意：那位记者向后退了一步，撞倒了摄像机。此处为副词作状语，修饰动词“took a step”，根据首字母“b”及汉语提示“向后”，对应的副词是backward，符合句意。故填backward。 3．U (最终), I sat down by the tree with my arms aching. 【答案】Ultimately/ltimately 【详解】考查副词。句意：最终，我坐在树旁，胳膊疼。此处为副词作状语，修饰整个句子，根据首字母“U”及汉语提示“最终”，对应的副词是ultimately，位于句首，首字母大写，符合句意。故填Ultimately。 4．An e (巨大的) wave covered our boat and eventually my younger brother fell into the sea. 【答案】enormous/normous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个巨浪淹没了我们的船，最终我弟弟掉进了海里。结合首字母和汉语提示，形容词enormous作定语，修饰名词wave。故填enormous。 5．Ordered by its master, the AI dog f (取回) the book from the bookshelf. 【答案】fetched/fetches 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：根据主人的命令，这只人工智能狗从书架上取回了那本书。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填动词fetch“取回”，在句中作谓语，结合语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式；或者描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填fetched/fetches。 6．Unexpectedly, the computer was not working, so I had to wait until someone from the IT d (部门) came to fix it. 【答案】department/epartment 【详解】考查名词。句意：出乎意料的是，电脑坏了，所以我不得不等到信息技术部门的人来修理。根据汉语提示“部门”和首字母“d”可知，此处应用名词department作宾语，此处特指信息技术部门，应用单数形式。故填department。 7．Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and p (追求) the unknown. 【答案】pursue/ursue 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们的祖先中的一些人选择克服恐惧，追求未知，而非退回到洞穴。to subdue their fears and________the unknown是动词不定式结构作chose的宾语，空里要用动词原形。pursue是动词，表示“追求”，符合题干要求。故填pursue。 8．It’s important for you to preview lessons and r (复习) what have been taught after class. 【答案】revise/evise/review/eview 【详解】考查动词。句意：对你来说，课前预习和课后复习所学内容是很重要的。根据汉语提示“复习”结合首字母r可知，空处应用动词revise或review，需用动词原形与前文的preview并列，与to构成不定式作主语，it为形式主语。故填revise/review。 9．On the day Joe graduated, he presented the teacher with his most precious p (财产) — his paintings. 【答案】possessions/ossessions 【详解】考查名词。句意：在乔毕业的那天，他把自己最珍贵的物品——那些画作——送给了老师。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据汉语提示，表示“财产”用possession，此处表示复数意义。故填possessions。 10．I spent many hours going over my essay — changing a p (短语) here, a word there. 【答案】phrase/hrase 【详解】考查名词。句意：我花了数小时修改我的文章 —— 修改这儿的一个短语，那儿的一个单词。根据中英文提示可知，此处使用名词phrase，作宾语，由不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填phrase。 11．Full of s (悲伤), I told my father tearfully, “I practiced hard. But I didn’t make it.” 【答案】sorrow/sadness/orrow/adness 【详解】考查名词。句意：我满怀悲伤，含泪对父亲说：“我努力练习了。但我还是没成功。”此处为名词作介词of的宾语，根据首字母“s”及汉语提示“悲伤”，对应的名词可以是sorrow或sadness，均为不可数名词，符合句意。故填sorrow/sadness。 12．I am writing to complain about the purse I p (购买) at a high price from your website. 【答案】purchased/urchased 【详解】考查动词。句意：我写这封信是想投诉我从你们网站高价购买的那只手提包。根据中英文提示可知用动词purchase，结合语境可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填purchased。 13．It is a m (暖和的) morning and the sun is shining. 【答案】mild/ild 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是一个温和的早晨，阳光明媚。根据中英文提示可知用形容词mild，修饰名词morning。故填mild。 14．Ken just now (高声喊出) a warning telling people to get out of the way. 【答案】screamed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：肯刚才高声喊出一个警告，告诉人们让开。根据括号中的汉语提示，表示“高声喊出”用scream，作谓语；根据句中just now可知，句子表述过去事实，用一般过去时。故填screamed。 15．I can’t climb too high because it will make me feel d . 【答案】dizzy/izzy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我不能爬得太高，因为这会让我感觉眩晕。 根据首字母 d以及“I can’t climb too high”可知，应填 dizzy，意为 “眩晕的”。故填dizzy。 16．Charlie Chaplin’s life and career were full of ups and downs, but his (天赋) was second to none. 【答案】genius 【详解】考查名词。句意：查理·卓别林的生活和事业充满了起起落落，但他的天赋是首屈一指的。“天赋”是genius，是不可数名词，作主语。故填genius。 17．The incident has received wide (新闻报道) in the press. 【答案】coverage 【详解】考查名词。句意：该事件在媒体上得到了广泛的新闻报道。形容词wide后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。名词“新闻报道”英文为coverage。故填coverage。 18．When I came into the old man’s room, I saw a picture was (悬;挂) on a nail on the wall. 【答案】suspended 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我走进老人的房间时，我看到墙上的一颗钉子上挂着一幅画。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“悬;挂”应用suspend，为动词，且这里应用过去分词与前面was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填suspended。 19．Children are often taught in school the right way to cough or (打喷嚏). 【答案】sneeze 【详解】考查动词。句意：孩子们在学校经常被教导咳嗽或打喷嚏的正确方式。根据汉语提示可知，表示“打喷嚏”应用动词sneeze，结合空前的“the right way to cough or”可知，此处应填动词原形和to构成不定式，作后置定语修饰名词way。故填sneeze。 20．The concert we went to was really (很好的). 【答案】awesome 【详解】考查形容词作表语。句意：我们去听的那场音乐会真的很好。根据中文提示，这里需要填入一个形容词充当表语，可以考虑填入awesome，符合题意。故填awesome。 21．I really want to lose some of this belly fat and turn it into (肌肉). 【答案】muscle 【详解】考查名词。句意：我真的很想减掉一些腹部脂肪，把它变成肌肉。根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“肌肉”应用名词muscle，作介词into的宾语，为不可数名词。故填muscle。 22．The boy often looks at the stars through a (望远镜) at night. 【答案】telescope 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个男孩经常在晚上通过望远镜看星星。根据汉语提示“望远镜”可知，本空用名词telescope，作through的宾语，且空前有不定冠词a，telescope用单数形式。故填telescope。 23．The (概念) of building brand personality is promoted by Starbucks as a part of company culture. 【答案】notion 【详解】考查名词。句意：星巴克将打造品牌个性的概念作为企业文化的一部分来推广。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“概念”应用notion，为可数名词，且由助动词is可知，这里应用单数形式作主语。故填notion。 24．By investing wisely she (积累) a fortune. 【答案】accumulated 【详解】考查动词。句意：通过明智的投资，她积累了一笔财富。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“积累”应用accumulate，为动词，在本句中作谓语，主语she与accumulate为主动关系，再由语境可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表过去情况。故填accumulated。 25．My mind was (木然的) and I couldn’t remember her name. 【答案】blank 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的大脑一片空白，记不起她的名字。此处为形容词作表语，描述主语“my mind”的状态。根据汉语提示“木然的”可知，应为形容词blank，在句中表示“空白的；茫然的”，mind be blank为常见搭配，意为“大脑一片空白”。故填blank。 26．She kissed the baby on its (前额) with her cold white lips. 【答案】forehead 【详解】考查名词。句意：她用冰冷的白嘴唇吻了吻婴儿的前额。根据汉语提示“前额”可知，此处为名词forehead，作on的宾语。故填forehead。 27．She never allows her personal feelings to (介入) with her work. 【答案】interfere 【详解】考查动词。句意：她从不让个人感情妨碍她的工作。“介入”用动词interfere，用原形构成不定式作宾语补足语。故填interfere。 28．The speed limit is 40 miles an hour. Don’t (超出) this maximum. 【答案】exceed 【详解】考查动词。句意：限速是每小时40英里。不要超过这个最高限速。根据句意及汉语提示可知，空处应填动词exceed“超出”，助动词Don’t 后接动词原形。故填exceed。 29．I had to change my attitude about their ability and (潜力). 【答案】potential 【详解】考查名词。句意：我不得不改变对自己他们能力与潜力的看法。根据汉语提示可知用名词potential，作宾语。故填potential。 30．Taste is such a (主观的) matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. 【答案】subjective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：口味这种东西非常主观，所以我们通常不会对食物进行偏好测试。根据汉语提示可知用形容词subjective，修饰名词matter。故填subjective。 31．The movie mixes broad humor with (传奇故事). 【答案】romance 【详解】考查名词。句意：这部电影将夸张的幽默与传奇故事融为一体。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词romance，表示“传奇故事”，在这里作为介词with的宾语，为不可数名词。故填romance。 32．He was the most distinguished (学者) in his filed. 【答案】scholar 【详解】考查名词。句意：他是他的领域里最杰出的学者。“学者”是scholar，他是一个人，因此空格处用单数，故填scholar。 33．The museum was named after a famous (学院). 【答案】institute 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个博物馆是以一个著名的研究所命名的。“学院”是institute，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填institute。 34．More than 900 metres high, on the mountain’s north face, lies an all-important source of (纯净的) water. 【答案】pure 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座山海拔900多米，在山的北面，有一个非常重要的纯净水源。空处修饰名词water，应用形容词pure，作定语。故填pure。 35．He came to (象征) his country’s struggle for independence. 【答案】symbolize 【详解】考查动词。句意：他前来象征他的国家为争取独立而进行的斗争。根据汉语提示“象征”可知，空处应填动词symbolize，与空前to构成不定式结构，作目的状语。故填symbolize。 36．We are very sad to have to do this, but there is no other (可供选择的事物) now. 【答案】alternative 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们非常遗憾必须这样做，但现在别无选择。根据汉语提示“可供选择的事物”可知，此处应填名词alternative，作there be句型的主语，no other alternative为固定搭配，意为“别无选择”。故填alternative。 37．Before you make up your mind, you must (权衡) up the advantages and disadvantages 【答案】weigh 【详解】考查动词。 句意：在你下定决心之前，你必须权衡利弊。 根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词weigh“权衡”，weigh up“权衡”为固定短语，情态动词must后应用动词原形。故填weigh。 38．The company’s f (财务的) performance improved significantly after implementing new management strategies. 【答案】financial/inancial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在实施新的管理策略后，这家公司的财务业绩有了显著改善。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“财务的”应用financial，为形容词，在本句中作定语，修饰后面名词。故填financial。 39．Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become (悲观) and give up. 【答案】pessimistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果我们不能立即成功，我们往往会变得悲观并放弃。句中become是系动词，其后接形容词作表语。形容词“悲观的”英文为pessimistic。故填pessimistic。 40．Only a q (符合资格的) doctor is allowed to perform such complex surgeries at this hospital. 【答案】qualified/ualified 【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有具备相应资质的医生才能在这家医院进行此类复杂的手术。根据中英文提示可知用形容词qualified，修饰名词doctor。故填qualified。 41．The ballerina danced with such f (流畅) that she seemed to float across the stage. 【答案】fluency/luency 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位芭蕾舞演员舞姿如此流畅，仿佛在舞台上轻盈地飘行一般。根据中英文提示可知用名词fluency，作宾语，不可数。故填fluency。 42．We have always been told to eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins that can help to s our immune system. 【答案】strengthen/trengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们一直被告知要多吃水果和蔬菜，因为它们富含维生素，有助于增强我们的免疫系统。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用动词strengthen，此处为不定式作宾语，故填strengthen。 43．Under the g of the experienced coach, the young athlete’s performance improved significantly. 【答案】guidance/uidance 【详解】考查名词。句意：在经验丰富的教练的指导下，这位年轻运动员的表现有了显著提高。根据“the experienced coach”可知，此处指在教练的指导下，guidance“指导”符合题意，作介词under的宾语，under the guidance of表示“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。 44．After the opening ceremony, students (解散) and straight away they ran happily to those games. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】were dismissed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：开幕式结束后，学生们被解散，立刻就高高兴兴地跑向那些比赛项目。根据汉语提示“解散”可知，应填动词dismiss，且此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文After the opening ceremony可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为students，be动词使用were。故填were dismissed。 45．It has been c (证实) that the meeting will take place next week. 【答案】confirmed/onfirmed 【详解】考查动词。句意：已证实会议将于下周举行。根据句意以及首字母和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词confirm的适当形式，结合空前的has been可知，句子为现在完成时的被动语态，所以空处应填confirm的过去分词confirmed。故填confirmed。 46．She uttered a cry of (绝望). 【答案】despair 【详解】考查名词。句意：她发出一声绝望的哭喊。根据汉语提示及空前的介词of可知，此处应用名词despair表示“绝望”，作宾语，a cry of despair意为“绝望的哭喊”，符合句意。故填despair。 47．The company is planning a(n) (扩张) into new markets to increase its market share. 【答案】expansion 【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司正计划向新市场扩张，以增加其市场份额。根据汉语提示“扩张”可知，空格处涉及单词“expansion”，意为“扩张”，为可数名词，不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数，作宾语。故填expansion。 48．During the Renaissance artists began to break away from traditional (宗教的) themes and explore more secular subjects.   【答案】religious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在文艺复兴时期，艺术家们开始摆脱传统的宗教主题，探索更多世俗的题材。“宗教的”修饰名词themes，用形容词religious作定语，符合语境。故填religious。 49．Due to the long passage of time, the ink on the letter paper has faded so much that some characters are almost i . 【答案】invisible/nvisible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于时间久远，信纸上的墨水褪色严重，有些字几乎看不见了。此处为形容词作表语，根据首字母“i”及“the ink on the letter paper has faded（墨水褪色）”的语境可知，应为形容词invisible意为“看不见的；无形的”，符合“墨水褪色导致文字难以辨识”的逻辑。故填invisible。 50．The s was carved out of a single piece of stone. 【答案】statue/tatue 【详解】考查名词。句意：这尊雕像是用一整块石头雕刻而成的。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词statue“雕像”，作主语，由空后was可知，应用名词单数形式。故填statue。 二、单句语法填空50题 1．My mother was sitting at her desk with a (thought) expression on her face, and I could tell she had something to say. 【答案】thoughtful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我母亲坐在书桌前，脸上带着沉思的表情，我看得出她有话要说。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词expression；thought的形容词为thoughtful“沉思的”，符合题意。故填thoughtful。 2．You should routinely keep a balanced diet, which enables you to feel energetic and get (refresh). 【答案】refreshed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你应该经常保持均衡的饮食，这能让你感到精力充沛，恢复活力。空处需用形容词作表语；refresh对应的形容词为refreshed“精神焕发的，恢复精力的”，符合题意。故填refreshed。 3．I am sure my   (participate) will also make a real and concrete difference to the program. 【答案】participation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我相信我的参与也会给这个项目带来真正具体的影响。sure后是省略that的宾语从句，空处需用名词作从句主语；participate的名词为participation“参与”，不可数名词。故填participation。 4．To avoid knee pain, I suggest you run on soft surfaces and do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles and improve your flexibility. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了避免膝盖疼痛，我建议你在柔软的地面上跑步，做一些锻炼来增强腿部肌肉，提高柔韧性。空处和to构成动词不定式作目的状语，应用strength的动词形式strengthen，表示“增强”。故填strengthen。 5．The officer was assigned to conduct a thorough (investigate) into the incident. 【答案】investigation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位官员被指派要对这一事件进行彻底的调查。a thorough作定语修饰所填词，该词要用单数名词。investigate是动词，对应的名词要将词尾的e变为-ion。故填investigation。 6．Feeling lonely and (abandon), the little girl cried helplessly. 【答案】abandoned 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于感到孤独和被遗弃，这个小女孩无助地哭了起来。and连接形容词lonely(孤独的)和所填词作Feeling的表语，空里要填形容词。abandon的形容词要在词尾加-ed，表示“被抛弃的”。故填abandoned。 7．A hurricane left the whole town ruins. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：一场飓风使整个城镇沦为一片废墟。此处为固定短语in ruins，意为“成废墟；毁坏；毁灭”，此处描述飓风过后城镇的状态，符合语境。故填in。 8．Happiness is to be found not in (luxury), but in simple things 【答案】luxuries 【详解】考查名词。句意：幸福并非源自奢华的享受，而在于那些简单的事物之中。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据后文的simple things可知，此处表示复数意义，luxury意为“奢华的享受；奢华”。故填luxuries。 9．I bought a great many books, which I spent all my money that I saved. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：我买了很多书，在这些书上我花光了所有的积蓄。分析句子可知，此处为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，从句中“spend all my money on sth.”意为“把我所有的钱都花在某事上”，先行词“books”在从句中作为介词on的宾语，且介词提前至关系代词“which”前时，需用“on which”。故填on。 10． (statue) were made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang! 【答案】Statues 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这些雕像是在公元前三世纪建造的，用来保护秦始皇的坟墓！由were可知应填名词复数作主语，首字母应大写，故填Statues。 11．We spent a week visiting the wonders of ancient Greek (civilise). 【答案】civilisation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们花了一个星期参观古希腊文明的奇观。由空前of为介词可知，此处为名词civilisation作宾语成分。此处，抽象概念，不可数。故填civilisation。 12．You are to meet with (frustrate) in the pursuit of success, but through greater efforts your dream will definitely come true. 【答案】frustration 【详解】考查名词。句意：在追求成功的过程中，你会遇到挫折，但通过更大的努力，你的梦想一定会实现。由空前with可知，此处为名词frustration“挫折”作宾语，不可数。故填frustration。 13．I’ve personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior the other. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我个人从未赞同过性别有优劣之分的观点。be superior to是一个固定短语，意为“比……优越；优于”。故填to。 14．To the surprise of the little boy, the door opened (automatic) as he approached. 【答案】automatically 【详解】考查副词。句意：令小男孩惊讶的是，当他走近时，门自动打开了。空处需用副词来修饰动词opened，automatic是形容词，意为“自动的”，其副词形式是automatically“自动地”。故填automatically。 15．Rainforests are being cut and burned at such a rate they could well disappear from the earth’s surface before the year 2050. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：热带雨林正以如此快的速度遭到砍伐和焚烧，以至于它们很可能在 2050 年之前从地球表面消失。引导结果状语从句，表“如此……以至于……”句型为such...that...。故填that。 16．The decision was based on emotion rather than (ration) thought. 【答案】rational 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个决定是基于情感而非理性的思考做出的。修饰名词thought用形容词rational，作定语。故填rational。 17．What concerns the manger is that the company is facing a (finance) crisis. 【答案】financial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：让经理担心的是公司正面临一场金融危机。根据空后的名词crisis可知，空处需用形容词来修饰该名词，finance是名词，意为“金融；财政”，其形容词形式是financial“金融的；财政的”。故填financial。 18．When (face) with difficulties, wise men try their best to get over them, but not to hold back. 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当面临困难时，明智之人会竭尽全力去克服它们，而非选择退缩。be faced with“面临，面对”，when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，此从句中主语和be动词可省略，构成“when+过去分词”的省略句型。故填faced。 19．Some people are always searching happiness all their lives, but in vain, because of their negative attitudes towards it. 【答案】for 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：有些人一生都在搜寻幸福，但徒劳无功，因为他们对幸福抱有消极态度。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“search for…”，意为“搜寻……”，故空格处应用介词“for”。故填for。 20．The programme is intended for children (age) between 5 and 7. 【答案】aged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个项目是为年龄在5到7岁之间的儿童设计的。分析句子可知，这里考查“children aged + 年龄范围”，为固定搭配，相当于“children who are aged between 5 and 7”，用过去分词作后置定语。故填aged。 21．As a consequence his carelessness, he failed the exam again. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：由于粗心大意，他考试又不及格了。此处考查介词短语as a consequence of，表示“由于，作为……的结果”，作原因状语，故填of。 22．I was so engaged my study that I paid no attention to my mother’s feelings. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我当时全神贯注于学习，以至于根本没留意到妈妈的情绪。be engaged in“专注于……”是固定搭配。故填in。 23．They were impressed by his sincerity and (straightforward). 【答案】straightforwardness 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们被他的真诚和坦率所打动。作介词的宾语，用名词straightforwardness是不可数名词，故填straightforwardness。 24．Police have appealed for (witness) to come forward and tell them the truth. 【答案】witnesses 【详解】考查名词。句意：警方呼吁目击者站出来告诉他们真相。本空作介词for的宾语，用名词witness“目击者”，目击者不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填witnesses。 25．The accident cast a shadow the safety of the fast expanding subway network. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：这起事故给快速扩张的地铁网络的安全性蒙上了阴影。“cast a shadow on”这个固定短语，表示“给……蒙上阴影”，空处需要填介词on。故填on。 26．The problem of environmental protection affect all countries, and China is no (except). 【答案】exception 【详解】考查名词。句意：环境保护问题影响着所有国家，中国也不例外。此处为名词exception“例外”作表语，构成“no exception”固定短语，意为“不例外”，满足句意要求。故填exception。 27．Breathing such polluted air is the (equivalent) of smoking ten cigarettes a day. ( 【答案】equivalence 【详解】考查名词。句意：呼吸这种被污染的空气相当于每天抽十支烟。本空作表语，且根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填入名词equivalent“相等，对等”，作表语。故填equivalent。 28．This has not been a (notable) successful project. 【答案】notably 【详解】考查副词。句意：这不是一个特别成功的项目。successful是形容词，需要用副词来修饰，notable的副词形式是notably。故填notably。 29．The reason why I look up the artist is that his works are inspiring. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我之所以崇拜这位艺术家，是因为他的作品鼓舞人心。短语look up to，意为“敬仰，尊敬”，符合句意，故填to。 30．Later, her sister, a teacher in Poland, helped her to make (end) meet. 【答案】ends 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：后来，她的姐姐（她在波兰任教）帮助她维持生计。make ends meet“维持生计；收支平衡”是固定搭配。故填ends。 31．I must work as a tutor to cover my daily (expense), which will cost an arm and a leg. 【答案】expenses 【详解】考查名词。句意：我必须做家教来支付日常开销，这费用可不便宜啊。此处短语daily expenses，表示“日常开支”，用复数形式泛指多种日常开销。故填expenses。 32．I have never joined in such clubs, so I have no (prior). 【答案】priority 【详解】考查名词。句意：我从未加入过这样的俱乐部，所以我没有优先权。设空处使用prior的名词priority作have的宾语。故填priority。 33．The Blue Moon Restaurant is the best in our town and customers are pleased with the (serve). 【答案】service 【详解】考查名词。句意：蓝月亮餐厅是我们镇上最好的餐厅，顾客对其服务很满意。the后需接名词，serve是动词，意为“服务”，其名词形式service表示“服务”，在句中作with的宾语。故填service。 34．They agreed to lend us the car condition that we returned it before the weekend. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。此处为固定搭配on condition that，意为“条件是……，如果……”，引导条件状语从句。故填on。 35．Not we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. 【答案】until 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：只有我们成功地让野生动物和平生活，我们才能如释重负地微笑。空后can we smile in relief使用了部分倒装，且“成功地让野生动物和平生活”是“如释重负地微笑”发生之前必须满足特定的条件，因此用until“到……时”和not搭配，表示“直到……才”，引导时间状语从句。故填until。 36．On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple which (date) back to the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】dates 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：山顶上有一座古庙，可以追溯到唐朝。陈述现在的事实，为一般现在时，date back to意为“追溯到”，没有进行时和被动语态；which引导定语从句作主语，修饰先行词an ancient temple，为第三人称单数形式，所以定语从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。 37．I gave Mary an apple exchange for my favourite banana, that is, I’d like to exchange an apple a banana. 【答案】 in for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我把一个苹果给了玛丽，换回了我最喜欢的香蕉。也就是说，我想用苹果换香蕉。分析句意可知，第一个空格考查介词搭配名词的短语in exchange for“作为交换”，第二个空格为动词加介词词组exchange A for B“用A换B”。故答案为in和for。 38．Spanish is recognised an official language in Peru because Spain took control of it in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. 【答案】as 【详解】考查介词。句意：西班牙语在秘鲁被公认为官方语言，因为西班牙在16世纪控制了秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。be recognised as...是固定短语，意为“被公认为……”，其中as是介词，表示“作为”的意思。故填as。 39．You can’t take (possess) of the house until all the papers have been signed. 【答案】possession 【详解】考查名词。句意：在所有文件都签署完毕之前，你不能拥有这所房子。作动词的宾语，用名词possession，构成take possession of表示“拥有”。故填possession。 40．More details about the murder have a bad (affect) on the whole society. 【答案】effect 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于这起谋杀案的更多细节对整个社会产生了不良影响。此处为名词作宾语，affect的名词为effect意为“影响”，have a bad effect on为固定短语，意为“对……有不良影响”。故填effect。 41．I detected two obvious mistakes (instant) I saw the article. 【答案】instantly 【详解】考查连词。句意：我一看到这篇文章，就发现了两个明显的错误。空处前后为两个完整的句子，需要一个连词连接，应用instant的连词形式instantly引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。故填instantly。 42．The (fluent) of a language largely depends on constant practice. 【答案】fluency 【详解】考查名词。句意：一门语言的流利程度在很大程度上取决于不断的练习。此空应填名词作主语，fluency，表“流利”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填fluency。 43． (assume) it rains tomorrow, what should we do? 【答案】Assuming 【详解】考查连词。句意：假设明天下雨，我们该怎么办？根据句子结构可知，此处为条件状语，用现在分词转化的连词assuming表示“假设”。句首字母大写，故填Assuming。 44．People have lived together in peace for centuries in this country, because they respect each other’s (religion) belief. 【答案】religious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在这个国家，人们已经和睦相处了数百年之久，这是因为他们彼此尊重对方的宗教信仰。修饰名词belief，用形容词religious。故填religious。 45．Scientists have tried to understand the (complexity) structure of human brain or many years. 【答案】complex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：多年来，科学家们一直试图了解人类大脑的复杂结构。由空后structure为名词可知，此处为形容词complex“复杂的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填complex。 46．Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling this little machine had taken up too much of my time. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有时我会有一种不安的感觉，觉得这台小机器占用了我太多时间。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词feeling的具体内容，从句结构完整、意义明确，应用that来引导，that在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。故填that。 47．He failed to recognize the (commerce) value of the technology. 【答案】commercial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他没有认识到这项技术的商业价值。空处修饰名词value，应填形容词commercial作定语，故填commercial。 48．Last weekend witnessed an activity, through which not only did we admire the beauty of plants in the park, but also we learned about the environment they grow. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周末见证了一个活动，通过这个活动，我们不仅欣赏了公园里植物的美丽，而且还了解了它们生长的环境。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是environment，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 49．The company is the largest software (distribute) in the country.  【答案】distributor 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司是该国最大的软件经销商。提示词作表语，结合句意，表示“经销商”，用名词distributor，句中指一家公司，用单数形式。故填distributor。 50． (tragic), she was abandoned as a baby by her parents on a cold night. 【答案】Tragically 【详解】考查副词。句意：悲惨的是，她在婴儿时期就被父母在一个寒冷的夜晚遗弃了。此处为副词修饰整个句子， tragic的副词形式是tragically，表示“悲惨地”符合句意，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Tragically。 题型一 阅读理解 1 （2025·北京市海淀区·二模）When I arrived at the Sign Language Center in Manhattan for my first American Sign Language (ASL) class, a man took one look at my hesitant posture and held up some fingers. One? Two? I put up one finger, and he directed me to the Level 1 class. It was disorienting: Class time was strictly “voices off” to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary. Learning ASL in the early weeks was a culture shock and a bruise to my ego. As a writer, I pride myself on a certain facility with language. I was taught that there’s a perfect combination of words that can most precisely communicate any thought. With ASL, I expected to feel similarly, and thought fluency would come once I collected a critical mass of signs. The first thing you learn in ASL class is the alphabet. As my classmates and I asked and answered questions using words we didn’t have the signs for, those early weeks were filled with laborious spelling. It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture. Over time, I picked up on new conventions, like waving a hand or stomping on the ground to get someone’s attention. My fingers stalled as they reached for new shapes, and I struggled to differentiate very similar looking signs. Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word “desperate”. “ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,” he told me. “If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,” he added — it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry. I’ve been attending ASL classes for almost two years. Initially, my reason was trivial: a childhood fascination with “secret languages”. While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body. 24．How did the author feel in the first ASL class? A．Frustrated. B．Confused. C．Anxious. D．Hesitant. 25．What made the author embarrassed when learning the alphabet? A．Putting on smiling facial expressions. B．Being made fun of in front of the class. C．Waving a hand to get someone’s attention. D．Misspelling and respelling words repeatedly. 26．According to the passage, what can we learn about ASL? A．It’s a universal language system across cultures. B．It conveys more emotions than verbal language. C．It requires a combination of signs and emotions. D．It has a direct translation of signs for every word. 27．What has the author learned from her learning experience? A．The body is what gives language life. B．Diction is what gives language flavour. C．Fluency comes from the mastery of signs. D．ASL prioritizes precision over communication. 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．C 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在纽约曼哈顿的手语中心学习美国手语的经历，以及在这个过程中对语言和沟通方式的新认识。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was disorienting: Class time was strictly ‘voices off’ to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.(这让人感到困惑：课堂时间严格要求“禁止说话”，以鼓励沉浸式学习并尊重聋人教师。没有说话的能力，我的同学们和我所能做的只是微笑和点头，同时吸收新词汇)”可知，作者在第一堂课上感到困惑。故选B项。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.(这很尴尬：看到十几张礼貌地微笑的脸看着我，我慢慢地拼写、拼错并重新拼写单词——通常多次——这本身就是一种折磨)”可知，作者在学习字母表时，因为反复拼错和重新拼写单词而感到尴尬。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word ‘desperate’. ‘ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,’ he told me. ‘If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,’ he added— it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.(最终我意识到，当你用手语交流时，措词不如你如何体现你所传达的内容重要。我曾问一位老师如何用手语表达‘绝望’。‘ASL并没有每个英语单词的直接翻译，’他告诉我。‘如果你想用手语表达‘绝望’，你可能只需要用手语表达‘想要’，但要通过适当的面部和身体姿势来表达你的绝望。如果你的脸上一点也没有表现出沮丧，那么用手语表达‘沮丧’是没有意义的，’他补充说——这就像用单调的语调说话，却声称你很生气)”可知，ASL需要结合手势和情感来传达信息。故选C项。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.(尽管ASL可能并不完全与英语共享词汇，但这并不意味着它缺乏精确性。我学到的是，它的精确性在于肢体语言)”可知，作者从学习经历中学到的是，肢体语言在手语中很重要，即身体是赋予语言生命的。故选A项。 2 （2025·北京市顺义区·一模）Imagine you’re driving down the highway and notice that you are running low on fuel. Your GPS shows 10 gas stations ahead on your route. Naturally, you want the cheapest option. Do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? You won’t double back, so you face a now-or-never choice. What strategy maximizes your chances of picking the cheapest station? Researchers have studied this “best-choice problem”, which suggests that humans tend to fall short of the optimal (最优的) strategy. Amazingly, the optimal strategy results in the number-one pick being selected almost 37 percent of the time, and its success rate doesn’t depend on the number of candidates. Even with a billion options and a refusal to settle for second best, you could find your needle in a haystack (干草垛) more than a third of the time. The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first around 37 percent of the choices no matter what. Then pick the first option that is better than all the others you've encountered so far. (If you never find such an option, take the final one.) Adding to the fun, mathematicians’ favorite little constant, e=2.7182... , rears its head in the solution. Also known as Euler’s number, e holds fame for cropping up all across the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-choice problem. In fact, those references to 37 percent in the optimal strategy and corresponding probability of success are actually 1/e, or about 0.368.The magic number comes from the tension between wanting to see enough samples to feel information of options and not wanting to wait too long in case the best pass you by. The proof argues that 1/e balances these forces. The problem generates thousands of hits on the internet as mathematicians continue to study its many variants: What if you’re allowed to pick more than one option, and you win if any of your choices are the best? What if an opponent chose the ordering of the options to trick you? What if you don’t require the absolute best choice and would feel satisfied with second or third? Researchers study such when-to-stop scenarios (设想) in a branch of math called optimal stopping theory. Research finds that people tend to stop their search too early. So applying the 37 percent rule could improve your decision-making, but be sure to double-check that your situation meets all the conditions: a known number of rankable options is being presented one at a time in any order, you want the best, and you can’t double back. 32．Why does the author mention the constant e in Paragraph 3? A．Justify a comparison. B．Evaluate a statement. C．Provide a theoretical basis. D．Propose a new solution. 33．Which situation most agrees with the strategy mentioned in the passage? A．Evaluate every candidate. B．Skip some lunch specials. C．Buy the latest reference book. D．Join the shortest checkout line. 34．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Why People Often Fail in Making the Best Decisions. B．The Best Decision Depends on Your Math Ability. C．How to Connect Optimal Strategy with the Magic e. D．Elegant Math Problem Finds the Best Choices. 【答案】32．C 33．B 34．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“最佳选择问题”的最优策略，即37%法则，以及该策略背后的数学原理和应用条件。 32．推理判断题。根据第三段“Also known as Euler’s number, e holds fame for cropping up all across the mathematical landscape in seemingly unrelated settings — including in the best-choice problem. In fact, those references to 37 percent in the optimal strategy and corresponding probability of success are actually 1/e, or about 0.368. (e也被称为欧拉数，它在数学领域以出现在看似无关的环境中而闻名，包括在最佳选择问题中。事实上，最优策略中提到的37%和相应的成功概率实际上是1/e，即约0.368。)”可知，作者提到常数e是为了给“最佳选择问题”的最优策略提供一个理论基础，说明37%这个比例是如何得出的。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The winning strategy is simple: Reject the first around 37 percent of the choices no matter what. Then pick the first option that is better than all the others you've encountered so far. (获胜的策略很简单：无论如何，先拒绝前37%左右的选择。然后选择第一个比你到目前为止遇到的所有其他选择都更好的选项。)”可知，文章中提到的策略是先观察一部分选项，然后从中选择最好的，这与“跳过一些午餐特价菜，然后从中选择最满意的”这一情境最为相似，即都涉及到先跳过一部分选项再做选择。故选B。 34．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了“最佳选择问题”的最优策略，即37%法则，以及该策略背后的数学原理和应用条件。文章的重点在于介绍这个数学问题和它的解决方案，因此选项D“优雅的数学问题找到了最佳选择”最能概括文章的主旨，作为标题最合适。故选D。 题型二 语法填空 1 （2025届北京市精华学校高三下学期三模）On April 8, China launched a high-speed rail pet consignment (托运) service on selected Beijing-Shanghai routes. A cat was the first pet to “travel” on the train. After professional testing, the service 1 (operate) on ten routes between five stations, mainly in East China. Pet owners can book the service online in advance. Each person can transport one healthy domesticated cat or dog, provided it 2 (weigh) under 15kg and stands no taller than 40cm at the shoulder. 3 (ensure) safety during the journey, specially 4 (design) equipment will be used for separate pet transport. 【答案】1．will operate/is going to operate 2$$