内容正文:
第02讲 人教版选择性必修全四册词汇练透
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇
考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇
考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇
考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.To prevent harmful habits from d (支配) a teenager’s life is essential.
【答案】dominating/ominating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:防止有害的习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。根据句意和中英文提示可知,空处应填动词dominate“支配”,且空处作介词from的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填dominating。
2.U (最终), my duty is helping every student to learn.
【答案】Ultimately/ltimately
【详解】考查副词。句意:最终,我的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。根据中英文提示可知,空处应填副词ultimately“最终”作状语,修饰整个句子,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Ultimately。
3.A good (新闻工作者) should have strong communication skills and a sense of responsibility.
【答案】journalist
【详解】考查名词。句意:一个好的记者应该有很强的沟通技巧和责任感。结合不定冠词A和汉语提示,用单数名词journalist作主语。故填journalist。
4.The latest (创新) in smartphone technology allows for faster charging.
【答案】innovation
【详解】考查名词。句意:智能手机技术的最新创新实现了更快的充电。根据汉语提示“创新”以及上文形容词最高级latest和后文is,可知应填名词innovation,空处作主语,此处表示单数概念。故填innovation。
5.His shyness is a b to making new friends and he often finds it difficult to start conversations with strangers.
【答案】barrier/arrier
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的害羞是结交新朋友的障碍,而且他经常发现很难和陌生人开始交谈。根据单词首字母以及句意可知,此处应填名词barrier,barrier为可数名词,空前有不定冠词a,所以此处用单数形式作表语。故填barrier。
6.When you go near the (自动的) door, it opens by itself.
【答案】automatic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当你靠近自动门时,它会自动打开。根据括号中的汉语提示,表示“自动的”用形容词automatic作定语,修饰名词door。故填automatic。
7.What's more, his (激情, 热情) for teaching and friendliness to students make learning with him a really enjoyable experience.
【答案】passion
【详解】考查名词。句意:此外,他对教学的热情和对学生的友好使和他一起学习成为一种非常愉快的经历。分析句子可知,设空处应填名词作主语,结合汉语提示 “激情,热情”,应用 passion,为不可数名词。故填 passion。
8.I gave him a warning that he mustn't quit such a (可靠的) job.
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我警告他绝不能放弃这样一份可靠的工作。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词修饰名词 job,结合汉语提示 “可靠的”,应用 reliable。故填 reliable。
9.At first, it was challenging to do so, but I started by setting small goals and (逐渐地)increased my reading time.
【答案】gradually
【详解】考查副词。句意:起初,这样做很有挑战性,但我从设定小目标开始,逐渐增加了我的阅读时间。分析句子可知,设空处应填副词修饰动词 increased,结合汉语提示 “逐渐地”,应用 gradually。故填 gradually。
10.Apart from my (学术的) studies, I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
【答案】academic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:除了学术学习之外,我总是设法为我感兴趣的事情找到时间。根据汉语提示“学术的”可知,应填形容词 academic,作定语修饰名词 studies。故填 academic。
11.Yesterday, the doctor i (坚持,坚持认为) that she should stay in hospital for two months.
【答案】insisted/nsisted
【详解】考查动词。句意:昨天,医生坚决要求她住院两个月。根据中英文提示可知用动词insist,作谓语,结合上文Yesterday可知为一般过去时。故填insisted。
12.Charlie Chaplin’s life and career were full of ups and downs, but his (天赋) was second to none.
【答案】genius
【详解】考查名词。句意:查理·卓别林的生活和事业充满了起起落落,但他的天赋是首屈一指的。“天赋”是genius,是不可数名词,作主语。故填genius。
13.The E-car sales chart has shown a (清晰) growth in the past few months.
【答案】distinct
【详解】考查形容词。句意:过去几个月,电动汽车销量图表显示出了明显的增长。设空处修饰名词growth,应用形容词作定语,根据汉语提示,故填distinct。
14.It is (公认的) that smoking is harmful to your health.
【答案】recognized
【详解】考查形容词。句意:人们公认吸烟有害健康。根据汉语提示“公认的”可知,应填形容词 recognized,构成固定句型“It is recognized that...”,表示 “人们公认……”。故填 recognized。
15.The new smart watch is equipped with (集成) sensors that monitor heart rate and sleep quality.
【答案】integrated
【详解】考查形容词。句意:新款智能手表配备了集成传感器,可以监测心率和睡眠质量。空处修饰名词sensors,应填形容词作定语,结合汉语提示可知,integrated“集成的”,形容词,符合题意,故填integrated。
16.He (推断) from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
【答案】inferred
【详解】考查动词。句意:他从这篇文章中推断出飞行员对这起事故负有责任。根据汉语提示“推断”可知,用动词infer。事情发生在过去,时态应用一般过去时,谓语用过去式inferred。故填inferred。
17.The movie set used (人造) snow to create a winter scene in summer.
【答案】artificial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:电影布景用人造雪在夏天营造出冬天的场景。空处修饰名词snow,应填形容词作定语,表示“人造的”使用形容词artificial。故填artificial。
18.I suppose I was looking for an (职业) which was going to be an adventure.
【答案】occupation
【详解】考查名词。句意:我想我当时在寻找一种充满冒险的职业。“职业”常见英文表达为“occupation”,根据空前不定冠词“an”可知,此处用名词单数形式作宾语。故填occupation。
19.In a wired world with (持续不断的) global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
【答案】constant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在一个全球通信不断的有线世界里,我们都有能力看到天才的闪光,无论他们出现在哪里。名词communication前用形容词修饰。形容词“持续不断的”英文为constant。根据汉语提示及句意,故填constant。
20.Some students give up when they e (遇到) difficulties, while others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn.
【答案】encounter/ncounter
【详解】考查动词。句意:有些学生在遇到困难时就放弃了,而另一些能力稍逊的学生则会继续努力学习。根据中英文提示可知用动词encounter,根据上文give up可知为一般现在时,主语为they,谓语用原形。故填encounter。
21.Scientists need to e (评估) how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.
【答案】evaluate/valuate
【详解】考查动词。句意:科学家们需要评估这种新材料的抗磨损能力,以证明它的价值。此处为动词作谓语,根据汉语提示“评估”及首字母“e”可知,应为动词evaluate,need to后接动词原形。故填evaluate。
22.The company was f (建立,创立) by a new graduate.
【答案】founded/ounded
【详解】考查动词。句意:这家公司是由一名应届毕业生创立的。根据首字母和中文提示可知,以字母 f 开头且表示 “建立,创立” 含义的动词为 found,且主语 The company 与动词 found 之间是被动关系,此处应使用过去分词形式 founded和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填 founded。
23.Howard is on the school football team. He is a faithful and c (忠实的) member of the team.
【答案】committed/ommitted
【详解】考查形容词。句意:霍华德是学校足球队的一员。他是球队里忠诚可靠的一员。根据首字母c及汉语提示“忠实的”可知,本空用形容词committed,修饰名词member,作前置定语。故填committed。
24.Welfare payments c (停止,中止) as soon as an individual starts a job.
【答案】cease/ease
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:一旦个人开始工作,福利补贴就会停止。此处为动词作谓语,根据汉语提示“停止,中止”及首字母“c”可知,应为动词cease,此处为谓语动词,as soon as引导时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时表将来,主句可用一般现在时,表示客观事实或一般将来时,表将来动作,主语“Welfare payments”是复数,一般现在时中用原形cease;一般将来时中用will cease,该句中提示词的首字母“c”,所以此处只能使用动词原形。故填cease。
25.Before submitting his final essay, he spent another hour p (修改;润色) the conclusion to make his argument clearer and more persuasive.
【答案】polishing/olishing
【详解】考查动词。句意:在提交最终论文之前,他又花了一个小时来润色结论部分,以使自己的论点更加清晰、更具说服力。根据中英文提示可知用动词polish,上文为短语spend time doing sth.,空处应用动名词作宾语。故填polishing。
26.Our findings have far-reaching c (后果) for researchers.
【答案】consequences/onsequences
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的发现对研究人员有深远的后果。此处为名词作宾语,根据汉语提示“后果”及首字母“c”可知,应为名词consequence,且为可数名词,结合语境,研究发现的后果通常不止一个,所以此处应用复数形式consequences。故填consequences。
27.Now that c (冲突) have come up, we need to think about how to resolve them quickly.
【答案】conflicts/onflicts
【详解】考查名词。句意:既然冲突已经出现,我们需要考虑如何快速解决它们。此处为名词作主语,根据汉语提示“冲突”及首字母“c”可知,应为名词conflict,结合句中谓语动词“have come up”可知,此处应为conflict的复数conflicts。故填conflicts。
28.Yogurt is a good source of calcium (钙) for anymore, and especially good for people who have trouble d milk.
【答案】digesting/igesting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:酸奶是任何人的钙的良好来源,尤其是对那些消化牛奶有困难的人。根据a good source of calcium for anymore可知,此处指尤其对那些消化牛奶有困难的人来说,空处应用动词digest表示“消化”,have trouble (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”,所以此处应用动名词形式digesting作宾语。故填digesting。
29.About fifteen minutes a day for a week or two usually makes an (巨大的) difference.
【答案】enormous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:每天15分钟,坚持一两个星期,通常会有很大的不同。名词difference前用形容词修饰。形容词“巨大的”英文为enormous。故填enormous。
30.What you have just said at the meeting may be i as a signal of shutting down the project.
【答案】interpreted/nterpreted
【详解】考查动词。句意:你刚才在会议上说的话可能被理解为是终止这个项目的一个信号。根据首字母“i”及语境可知,此处表示“被理解为”,interpret有“理解,诠释”之意,且句子主语What you have just said与interpret是被动关系,结合空前的may be,这里用过去分词interpreted。故填interpreted。
31.She laughed, which didn’t really seem an a response for that occasion
【答案】appropriate/ppropriate
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她笑了,这似乎不是那种场合的恰当反应。根据“She laughed”和for that occasion可知,此处指在那种场合不是恰当的反应,空处应用形容词appropriate表示“恰当的”,作定语修饰名词response。故填appropriate。
32.The legs should be gently (伸展) in this exercise.
【答案】stretched
【详解】考查动词。句意:在这个练习中,腿应该轻轻地伸展。“伸展”常见英文是stretch。根据句子结构,legs和stretch之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态。故填stretched。
33.After those silly things he did last night, Jack felt so e to see me.
【答案】embarrassed/mbarrassed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:杰克昨晚做了那些蠢事之后,见到我感到很尴尬。设空处接在系动词后,应用形容词作表语,根据首字母和句意可知是embarrassed,意为“感到尴尬的”,故填embarrassed。
34.She moved quietly to avoid s (惊吓) the birds away.
【答案】scaring/caring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她轻轻地移动,以免吓跑鸟儿。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“避免做某事”,“害怕”为scare,在句中作avoid的宾语,要用动名词形式。故填scaring。
35.By 2028, two-thirds of the world’s population may face water s (短缺).
【答案】shortage/hortage
【详解】考查名词。句意:到2028年,全球三分之二的人口可能面临水资源短缺。根据句意和首字母及汉语提示可知,空处应填名词shortage“短缺”作宾语,此处表抽象概念,不可数。故填shortage。
36.The community garden focuses on growing o (有机的,绿色的) vegetables for local families.
【答案】organic/rganic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:社区花园专注于为当地家庭种植有机蔬菜。根据首字母o及汉语提示“有机的,绿色的”可知,本空用形容词organic,修饰vegetables,作前置定语。故填organic。
37.The loud music from the party next door began to d (使分心) me from my studying.
【答案】distract/istract
【详解】考查动词。句意:隔壁聚会传来的喧闹的音乐开始使我在学习时分心。根据首字母d及汉语提示“使分心”可知,本空用动词distract,位于不定式符号to后,用动词原形。故填distract。
38.Einstein was regarded as a g for his revolutionary theories in physics.
【答案】genius/enius
【详解】考查名词。句意:爱因斯坦因其在物理学领域的开创性理论而被誉为天才。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用名词genius,作宾语,不定冠词提示用单数。故填genius。
39.Every child has the (潜力) to succeed; it’s up to educators to help them unlock it.
【答案】potential
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个孩子都有成功的潜力,能否帮助他们发掘这种潜力,取决于教育工作者。根据句意和中文提示,表示“潜力”应用potential,为不可数名词,在本句中作宾语。故填potential。
40.It’s important to d (区分) between fact and opinion when evaluating information.
【答案】distinguish/istinguish
【详解】考查动词。句意:在评估信息时,区分事实和观点是很重要的。根据句意及中英文提示可知,此处使用动词distinguish,固定句型it is important to do sth.“做某事很重要”,to为不定式符号,空处需填动词原形。故填distinguish。
41.My assistant is now d (演示) the machine in action.
【答案】demonstrating/emonstrating
【详解】考查动词。句意:我的助手正在演示这台机器的运行情况。根据汉语提示“演示”及首字母提示可知,空处应用动词demonstrate,结合语境及时间状语now可知,此处表示动作正在发生,应用现在进行时,空前有is,所以空处应用动词的现在分词形式。故填demonstrating。
42.With over 2, 500 bikes stored in our five rental shops, we make sure there is always a bike (可获得的) for you.
【答案】available
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的五家租车店存放了超过2500辆自行车,确保总有一辆自行车供你使用。“可获得的”修饰名词词组a bike,用形容词available作后置定语。故填available。
43.We should c (承诺) ourselves to protecting cultural relics.
【答案】commit/ommit
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们应该承诺保护文物。根据中英文提示“承诺”以及首字母“c”,此处应填入动词“commit”,“commit oneself to doing sth.”为固定搭配,意为“承诺做某事”,结合空前should情态动词可知,为动词原形。故填commit。
44.There is no sense (争论) about this matter.
【答案】arguing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:争论这件事没有意义。根据汉语提示可知,表示“争论”应用动词argue,There is no sense (in) doing sth.为固定句型,意为“做某事没有意义”,所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填arguing。
45.Located in the heart of the city, this (植物学的) garden is a heaven for nature lovers.
【答案】botanical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这座植物园位于市中心,是自然爱好者的天堂。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“植物学的”应用botanical,为形容词,在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填botanical。
46.The new sensor can (发现) even the slightest movement in the dark.
【答案】detect
【详解】考查动词。句意:这种新型传感器在黑暗中也能发现极其微小的运动。根据汉语提示,并结合句子主语“The new sensor(新的传感器)”以及句意可推知,应是动词“detect”,意思是“发现、察觉、检测”,特别适用于仪器或传感器。在句中“can detect”作谓语。故填detect。
47. (显然), this new generation of wireless technology will transform people’s lives.
【答案】Apparently
【详解】考查副词。句意:显然,这一新一代的无线技术将会彻底改变人们的生活方式。根据汉语提示可知用副词apparently,修饰后文句子,首字母大写。故填Apparently。
48.Speed is the e (必不可少的、基本的) ingredient of all athletics.
【答案】essential/ssential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:速度是所有田径运动的基本要素。根据中英文提示可知,此处使用形容词essential“必不可少的,基本的”,作定语,修饰名词ingredient。故填essential。
49.Price is determined through the i (相互作用) of demand and supply.
【答案】interaction/nteraction
【详解】考查名词。句意:价格是由需求与供给之间的相互作用所决定的。根据汉语提示和首字母i以及空格前的介词through可知,空格处应该用名词interaction作宾语。故填interaction。
50.Discouraging the students’ a for easy rewards is a matter of urgency.
【答案】appetite/ppetite
【详解】考查名词。句意:抑制学生对容易得到的奖励的欲望是当务之急。分析句子结构可知,students’后接名词形式,在句中作宾语,名词appetite,表示“强烈欲望,渴望”之意。故填appetite。
二、单句语填50题
51.He is determined to commit (he) to the cause of education.
【答案】himself
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:他决心献身于教育事业。作宾语,和主语he为同一主体,用反身代词,“commit oneself to...”是固定短语,意为“致力于;献身于”。故填himself。
52.Whether or not you qualify for a loan will depend on your financial (circumstance).
【答案】circumstances
【详解】考查名词。句意:你是否有资格获得贷款将取决于你的财务状况。根据句意可知,此处表示“财务状况”,通常用circumstance复数形式circumstances,表示一系列的情况或条件。作宾语。故填circumstances。
53. conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.
【答案】In
【详解】考查介词。句意:总之,我喜欢春天的一切,尤其是沐浴在雨水和阳光下的感觉。in conclusion意为“总之”,位于句首,首字母大写。故填In。
54.The (during) of the moon covering the sun, carefully calculated by astronomers, drew huge crowds to special viewing areas.
【答案】duration
【详解】考查名词。句意:天文学家精确计算出的月球遮住太阳的持续时间吸引了大量人群前往专门的观星区域。此处作主语,用名词duration,意为“持续时间”。故填duration。
55.Transitioning to farming methods that protect nature requires (consider) large first investment in basic facilities but brings important environmental benefits over time.
【答案】considering
【详解】考查动名词。句意:向保护自然的农业方法转型需要考虑在基础设施方面的大量初始投资,但随着时间的推移会带来重要的环境效益。谓语动词“requires”后需接动名词作宾语,require doing sth.为固定用法,意为“需要做某事”,consider的动名词形式为considering,符合语境。故填considering。
56.I can (vivid) remember the feeling of panic.
【答案】vividly
【详解】考查副词。句意:我还清楚地记得恐慌的感觉。空格处用副词vividly修饰动词remember,vividly意为“生动地”,故填vividly。
57.The doctor emphasized the (urgent) of the surgery as soon as possible, allowing no delay.
【答案】urgency
【详解】考查名词。句意:医生强调尽快进行手术的紧迫性,不允许有任何延误。根据空前“the”以及空后“of”可知,此处需用名词作宾语,urgent的名词为urgency“紧迫性”,the urgency of...“……的紧迫性”,固定搭配。故填urgency。
58.At supper, Heidi’s eyes were (swollen) and it was still hard for her to keep from crying.
【答案】swollen
【详解】考查形容词。句意:吃晚饭时,海蒂的眼睛肿了,她还是忍不住要哭。根据空前“Heidi’s eyes were”可知,此处需用形容词作表语,swell是动词,意为“肿胀”,其形容词形式是swollen,表示“肿胀的”。故填swollen。
59.The police listened patiently to the (victim) statement and carefully recorded every detail of the case.
【答案】victim’s
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意:警察耐心地听取了受害者的陈述,并仔细记录了案件的每一个细节。修饰名词statement,应用名词所有格形式,victim的名词所有格是victim’s。故填victim’s。
60.The key to mastering a skill lies in the (consistent) of daily practice.
【答案】consistency
【详解】考查名词。句意:掌握一项技能的关键在于日常练习的持续性。分析句子结构可知,介词后应填名词作宾语, consistency,意为“一致性;连贯性;持续性”,为不可数名词,符合语境。故填consistency。
61.A smart (consume) always compares prices before making a purchase
【答案】consumer
【详解】考查名词。句意:一个精明的消费者在购物前总会比较价格。空前的“a smart”提示此处应填可数名词单数形式,所给词“consume”是动词,意为“消费”,其名词形式consumer意为“消费者”,符合语境。故填consumer。
62.Motivation matters in everything we do, and language learning is no (exceptional).
【答案】exception
【详解】考查名词。句意:动机在我们所做的每件事中都很重要,语言学习也不例外。no exception是固定短语,意为“也不例外”,此处应用名词exception,作表语。故填exception。
63.The (elegant) dressed woman appeared to be in her late seventies.
【答案】elegantly
【详解】考查副词。句意:那个穿着优雅的女士看起来有七十多岁了。空处修饰过去分词dressed,此处相当于形容词,描述“woman”的状态,应用副词形式elegantly修饰,作状语,意为“优雅地”。故填elegantly。
64.Her job is ( justify) the company’s new policy to the public.
【答案】justifying
【详解】考查动名词。本句为主系表结构,主语是Her job,系动词是is,空处作表语,需用动名词形式,动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容,即justifying the company’s new policy to the public是她的工作。故填justifying。
65.The freezing night (frost) the grass, turning the lawn into a glittering white carpet overnight.
【答案】frosted
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:寒冷的夜晚使草结了霜,一夜之间草坪变成了闪闪发光的白色地毯。分析句子可知,设空处应填动词作谓语,根据语境及后文turning可知,此处描述的是过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,frost的过去式为frosted,符合语境。故填frosted。
66.When he came to the finishing line, tired and out of breath, the crowd burst into (thunder) applause.
【答案】thunderous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当他到达终点线时,又累又喘不过气来,人群爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。空处表示“雷鸣般的”应用形容词thunderous,作定语修饰名词applause。故填thunderous。
67.Her slippers were old and a bit worn out, but very . (comfort)
【答案】comfortable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她的拖鞋虽然有些老旧且磨损严重,但非常舒适。空处与old and a bit worn out并列,用形容词作表语,表示“舒适的”用comfortable。故填comfortable。
68.Her is to become a leading expert in environmental science. (ambitious)
【答案】ambition
【详解】考查名词。句意:她的志向是成为环境科学领域的顶尖专家。空处作主语,用名词,ambitious为形容词,对应的名词为ambition“抱负,野心,志向”,不可数名词。故填ambition。
69.He bought an extra sweater in the (anticipate) that the evening would turn freezing cold.
【答案】anticipation
【详解】考查名词。句意:他多买了一件毛衣,以为晚上会很冷。空处应填名词作in的宾语,故填anticipation。
70.He came up with a few reasonable (suggest) at the discussion.
【答案】suggestions
【详解】考查名词。句意:他在讨论会上提出了一些合理的建议。此处为名词作宾语,根据句中a few可知,其后应接可数名词复数形式,suggest的名词suggestion的复数形式为suggestions,意为“建议”。故填suggestions。
71.You could have bought this furniture at a more (reason) price.
【答案】reasonable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你本可以以更合理的价格买下这套家具。设空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词price,再结合句意“合理的”是reasonable。故填reasonable。
72.It was (freeze) cold, and two men were (freeze) to death.
【答案】 freezing frozen
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:天气冷得刺骨,有两个人被冻死了。freezing cold表示“极冷的”,描述天气的寒冷程度。所以第一空填freezing。 be frozen to death是固定短语,意为“被冻死”,frozen是freeze的过去分词形式,这里是被动语态,所以第二空填frozen。 故填freezing;frozen。
73.Traditional culture provides a (motivate) for the constant development of the country.
【答案】motivation
【详解】考查名词。句意:传统文化为国家的不断发展提供了动力。设空处前有a修饰,应用名词单数作宾语,表示“动力”,故填motivation。
74.The shop (assist) received me indifferently while leaning on a counter.
【答案】assistant
【详解】考查名词。句意:店员靠着柜台,冷淡地接待了我。空后为谓语动词received,所以此处需用名词作主语,所给词“assist”为动词,意为“帮助”,其名词形式是assistant,意为“助手;店员”,shop assistant意为“店员”,结合句意用单数。故填assistant。
75.By the end of June 2023, Stephen Curry (win) the NBA Championship four times.
【答案】had won
【详解】考查时态。句意:截至2023年6月底,斯蒂芬·库里的NBA总冠军头衔已累计获得四次。设空处作谓语,Stephen Curry作主语;由时间状语By the end of June 2023可知,本句表示动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时,故填had won。
76.All over the world, the spirit of (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
【答案】sharing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在世界各地,无论是何种节日,分享喜悦、感恩、爱或和平的这种精神都是普遍存在的。作介词的宾语,用动名词形式,故填sharing。
77.I attended a (present) by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school.
【答案】presentation
【详解】考查名词。句意:我在高中时参加了野生动物保护主义者格兰特・布朗的一场演讲。作动词的宾语,表示“演讲”用名词presentation,不定冠词提示用单数。故填presentation。
78.I remember (lock) the door before I left home, but now it’s wide open.
【答案】locking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我记得离家前锁了门,但现在门是大开着的。此处为非谓语动词作宾语,remember doing sth.,意为“记得做过某事”(动作已完成),remember to do sth.意为“记住去做某事(动作未发生)”,根据“before I left home, but now it’s wide open.”表明“锁门”这一动作已经发生,强调记得曾经完成的“锁门”行为,所以此处使用动名词形式locking作宾语。故填locking。
79.This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
【答案】laying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这包括先挖开路面,铺设轨道,然后在顶部搭建坚固的顶棚。完成这些步骤后,就更换了路面。谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。
80.The fingerprint was a solid (prove) of his presence at the crime scene.
【答案】proof
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个指纹无疑证明了他确实在犯罪现场。根据空格前的was a solid可知,空格处应该用单数名词proof作表语。故填proof。
81.The boy was very honest. He admitted (break) the window of the classroom.
【答案】breaking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个男孩很诚实。他承认打碎了教室的窗户。分析句子结构,空格处需填入非谓语动词作admitted的宾语,“admit doing sth.”为固定搭配,表示“承认做过某事”可知,此处使用break的动名词形式作宾语。故填breaking。
82.Not all problems (arise) from social discrimination can be addressed through communication.
【答案】arising
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:并非所有由社会歧视引发的问题都可以通过沟通解决。本句谓语为can be addressed,此处为非谓语动词,作定语,修饰problems。arise“产生,出现”与problems之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,作后置定语。故填arising。
83.It is no use (complain) the bad weather, so we had better figure out a good idea to get there on time.
【答案】complaining
【详解】考查动名词。句意:抱怨天气不好是没有用的,所以我们最好想个办法准时到达那里。“It is no use doing sth.”是固定句型,意为“做某事是没有用的”,It作形式主语,动名词短语作真正主语,所以此处应填complain的动名词形式complaining。故填complaining。
84.Employers look favorably at (apply) who have rich work experience.
【答案】applicants
【详解】考查名词。句意:雇主对拥有丰富工作经验的申请者评价较高。根据空前的介词at可知,此处应填名词作宾语,结合语境“拥有丰富工作经验的……”可知,此处指“申请者”,应用apply的名词applicant。空处需要名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填applicants。
85.The (adapt) process varies from person to person.
【答案】adaptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:适应过程因人而异。空格处需作定语修饰名词process,因此要用所给词adapt“适应”的名词形式adaptation,adaptation process表示“适应过程”。故填adaptation。
86.As soon as he got out of the car, he went straight into the hall without (greet) anyone.
【答案】greeting
【详解】考查动名词。句意:他一下车就径直走进大厅,谁也没打招呼。without是介词,空格处用动名词作宾语,故填greeting。
87.Does the library subscribe the journals which are recommended by our teachers?
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意:图书馆订阅老师推荐的期刊吗?subscribe to“订阅”,是固定短语,符合题意。故填to。
88.The rescue team (consist) of dozens of soldiers rescued several survivors from the ruins with local residents.
【答案】consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由几十名士兵组成的救援队与当地居民一起从废墟中救出了几名幸存者。本句中rescued是谓语动词;所给动词consist 在句中作后置定语,修饰名词rescue team;动词短语consist of意为“由……组成的”,不使用被动形式,与所修饰名词为主动关系,应使用现在分词形式。故填consisting。
89.After a long academic preparation, he got the (qualify) to be an agent.
【答案】qualification/qualifications
【详解】考查名词。句意:经过长时间的学术准备,他获得了当经纪人的资格。此处作动词宾语,应用名词qualification“资格”,单复数都符合句意。故填qualification或qualifications。
90.Another was that cholera was caused by an (infectious) from germs in food or water.
【答案】infection
【详解】考查名词。句意:另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。an后接名词infection“传染病,感染”作by宾语,冠词an提示用名词单数形式。故填infection。
91.Today young people’s continuous (expose) to this spirit has made it become a culture symbol.
【答案】exposure
【详解】考查名词。句意:如今,年轻人不断接触这种精神,使其成为一种文化象征。空处作句子的主语,用expose的名词形式exposure“接触”。故填exposure。
92.It is likely native Americans moved to California at least 15,000 years ago
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:很可能至少在15000年前,美洲原住民移居到了加利福尼亚。此处是固定句型“It is likely that…”,其中it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。故填that。
93.In an (exception) case, a student might change his major when permitted by the president of the college.
【答案】exceptional
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在特殊情况下,经学院院长批准,学生可以更改专业。此处需用形容词修饰名词case,exception的形容词形式为exceptional,表示“特殊的,例外的”。故填exceptional。
94.We must make (mass) efforts to improve the situation.
【答案】massive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们必须付出巨大的努力来改善这种情况。根据空格后的名词efforts可知,此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词efforts。mass的形容词形式为massive,意为“大量的,巨大的”。故填massive。
95.It’s obvious that he denied (copy) the design of others and defended himself.
【答案】copying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意:很明显他否认抄袭了别人的设计,并为自己辩护。deny后需接动名词形式作宾语。故填copying。
96.By the time his father died of cancer, Jack (forgive) him for childhood abuse.
【答案】had forgiven
【详解】考查时态。句意:直到父亲死于癌症时,杰克已经原谅了父亲童年时的虐待。根据上文By the time his father died of cancer可知表示过去的过去,为过去完成时,故填had forgiven。
97.Using some (technique), Peking Opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe.
【答案】techniques
【详解】考查名词。 句意:运用了一些技巧,京剧已经将一个小舞台变成了整个宇宙。 technique为可数名词,且有some修饰,用复数形式techniques。 故填techniques。
98.The reason why Apple holds the largest market share in overseas smartphone industry is it stills maintains technological advances.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:苹果公司之所以能在海外智能手机行业占据最大的市场份额,是因为它仍然保持着技术上的领先。分析句子,该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句,解释reason的具体内容,从句是一个陈述句,成分完整,应填that;名词reason作主语时,其表语从句使用that引导,The reason....is that....句型。故填that。
99.By the end of last month, the school (equip) all the laboratories with the latest scientific instruments.
【答案】had equipped
【详解】考查动词时态。 句意:到上个月末,学校已经为所有实验室配备了最新的科学仪器。时间状语by the end of last month表示“截止到上个月末”,强调过去某个时间点之前完成的动作,需用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。故填had equipped。
100.The teacher’s strict rules prevented the students from (chat) during class.
【答案】chatting
【详解】考查动名词。句意:老师严格的规定阻止了学生们在课堂上聊天。prevent sb. from doing sth. 为固定短语,意为“阻止某人做某事”,from 是介词,后面接动名词作宾语,chat的动名词形式为chatting。故填chatting。
考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.In the second group of states, direct i (干涉,干预) in the economy was limited.
【答案】intervention/ntervention
【详解】考查名词。句意:在第二组国家中,对经济的直接干预是有限的。此处为名词作主语,根据汉语提示“干涉,干预”及首字母“i”可知,应为名词intervention,结合谓语动词was limited可知,此处为名词单数形式。故填intervention。
2.He has always wanted to be a like her father, who worked for a local newspaper before retirement.
【答案】ambitious/mbitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他一直想成为像她父亲那样有抱负的人,她父亲退休前在一家当地报纸工作。空处用于to be之后,使用形容词,与be构成系表结构,结合首字母提示以及句中worked for a local newspaper before retirement可知,此处表示像她的父亲一样有抱负的人,使用形容词ambitious,表示“有抱负的”,符合题意。故填ambitious。
3.The company’s s (稳定的) growth over the past five years has attracted the attention of many investors.
【答案】steady/teady/stable/table
【详解】考查形容词。句意:该公司过去五年的稳定增长吸引了众多投资者的注意。根据首字母及汉语提示可知,此处使用形容词stable或steady,修饰名词growth,作定语。故填steady或stable。
4.Finding a personal connection to the task can often m (激励) individuals to push through challenges.
【答案】motivate/otivate
【详解】考查动词。句意:找到与任务的个人联系通常可以激励个人克服挑战。空处应用动词原形,与can构成情态动词的谓语结构。表示“激励”用motivate。故填motivate。
5.It’s easy to b (责怪) the weather for a bad day, but sometimes it’s just our perspective that needs adjusting.
【答案】blame/lame
【详解】考查动词。句意:很容易责怪坏天气导致了一天心情不好,但有时只是我们的视角需要调整。空处应用动词原形,与It’s easy to构成不定式作真正的主语,表示“责怪”用blame。故填blame。
6.The scientific theory was too c (难懂的,复杂的) for most students to grasp without additional help from their teacher.
【答案】complicated/complex/omplicated/omplex
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个科学理论太复杂了,如果没有老师额外的帮助,大多数学生都无法理解。根据首字母c及汉语提示“难懂的,复杂的”可知,本空可用形容词complicated/complex,作表语。故填complicated/complex。
7.She devoted her life to helping earthquake (受害者) rebuild their homes and lives.
【答案】victims
【详解】考查名词。句意:她毕生致力于帮助地震灾民重建家园和生活。根据汉语提示“受害者”可知,此处为名词victim,作宾语,结合下文“their homes and lives.”可知,使用名词复数形式。故填victims。
8.The (最精彩的部分) of the concert was when the lead singer invited a fan on stage to sing along.
【答案】highlight
【详解】考查名词。句意:这场音乐会的最精彩的部分是主唱邀请一位粉丝上台一起演唱的时候。根据汉语提示“最精彩的部分”可知,此处为名词highlight,作主语。故填highlight。
9.Snow (改变) the way scientists study diseases.
【答案】transformed
【详解】考查动词。句意:斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。根据汉语提示可知用动词transform,主句描述过去的动作,使用一般过去时。故填transformed。
10.Her i (最初的) reaction to the news was shock, but she soon calmed down.
【答案】initial/nitial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她听到这个消息的最初反应是震惊,但很快就平静了下来。结合首字母提示可知,“最初的”应用形容词initial,作修饰reaction的定语。故填initial。
11. (伸展) your muscles properly before the intense basketball practice is crucial to prevent injuries and improve flexibility.
【答案】Stretching
【详解】考查动词。句意:在激烈的篮球训练之前适当地伸展你的肌肉是防止受伤和提高灵活性的关键。分析句子结构可知,句中缺少主语,所以用动名词作主语。“伸展”英文为stretch,其动名词为stretching。故填Stretching。
12.The (持续时间) of the school sports meeting was unexpectedly extended by two hours due to the exciting final relay race.
【答案】duration
【详解】考查名词。句意:由于激烈的最后接力赛,学校运动会的持续时间出乎意料地延长了两个小时。The+名词+of。用名词形式在句中作主语。名词“持续时间”英文为duration。根据汉语提示及句意,故填duration。
13.Guilt (消耗) him, biting his insides hardly until he could barely eat.
【答案】consumed
【详解】考查动词。句意:内疚消耗着他,让他内心很难受,直到他几乎吃不下东西。空处作谓语,“消耗”应用动词consume,结合“until he could barely eat”可知,主句描述过去发生的事,时态应用一般过去时。故填consumed。
14.The tiny room was s with generations of forgotten belongings — dusty furniture, old trunks, and yellowed books — leaving almost no space to move.
【答案】stuffed/tuffed
【详解】考查动词。句意:这个小房间塞满了几代人遗忘的物品——积灰的家具、旧箱子和发黄的书籍——几乎连移动的空间都没有。空处和was搭配作谓语,结合“leaving almost no space to move”和首字母提示可推知,动词stuff意为“装满,填满”符合题意,stuff和主语之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,短语be stuffed with意为“被……塞满,被……填满”。故填stuffed。
15.Before making the dish, you need to (切) off the pork.
【答案】slice
【详解】考查动词。句意:在做这道菜之前,你需要把猪肉切片。根据提示的汉语,表示“切”为slice,位于不定式符号to之后接动词原形。故填slice。
16.During the fast-paced lecture, it was challenging to (掌握) all the main ideas, so I focused on taking clear notes to review later.
【答案】grasp
【详解】考查动词。句意:在节奏很快的讲座中,要掌握所有的主要观点很有挑战性,所以我集中精力做好清晰的笔记以便之后复习。根据汉语提示“掌握”,此处应用动词grasp,且“it is +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,所以这里用动词原形grasp。故填grasp。
17.When the fire alarm rang, students felt the classroom in p (恐慌).
【答案】panic/anic
【详解】考查名词。句意:当火警响起时,学生们感到教室里一片恐慌。根据句意及中英文提示可知,此处使用名词panic,作介词in的宾语,panic为不可数名词。故填panic。
18.The train b for Shanghai will depart from Platform 3 in ten minutes.
【答案】bound/ound
【详解】考查形容词。句意:开往上海的火车将在10分钟后从3号站台开出。be bound for开往; 准备到……去,在句中作定语,修饰名词train。故填bound。
19.The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more (有雄心的) when we graduate.
【答案】ambitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们学校的校长希望我们毕业时能更有雄心壮志。根据汉语提示“有雄心的”可知应填形容词ambitious,作表语。故填ambitious。
20.The (离开,退出) of a traditional craftsman from the industry may lead to a loss in the transmission of cultural heritage knowledge.
【答案】departure
【详解】考查名词。句意:传统工匠离开该行业可能会导致文化遗产知识传播的损失。根据汉语提示“离开,退出”可知,空格处涉及单词“departure”,意为“离开,退出”,为不可数名词,作主语。故填departure。
21.Athletes have to train continuously to stay in p condition.
【答案】peak/eak
【详解】考查形容词。句意:运动员必须不断训练以保持良好的状态。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用形容词peak“最佳的,巅峰状态的”,作定语,修饰名词condition。故填peak。
22.We are determined to d our motherland at all costs.
【答案】defend/efend
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们决心不惜任何代价保卫我们的祖国。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用动词defend“保卫”,be determined to do sth.“决心做某事”,to是不定式符号,后接动词原形。故填defend。
23.This tooth feels very (松的).
【答案】loose
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这颗牙齿感觉很松。根据汉语提示“松的”可知,此处使用形容词loose,作表语。故填loose。
24.He suffered s brain damage after an accident.
【答案】severe/serious/evere/erious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他在一次事故后遭受了严重的脑损伤。根据句意“严重的”和首字母提示“s”可知,此处为形容词severe/serious作定语,修饰名词brain damage。故填severe/serious。
25.Disagreement a about exactly how to plan the show.
【答案】arose/rose
【详解】考查动词。句意:关于如何准确规划这场演出,出现了分歧。根据首字母提示a可知,此处表示“出现”,应用动词arise,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,所以时态用一般过去时,谓语用arise的过去式arose。故填arose
26.There has been a progressive (减少) in population every year in this city.
【答案】decrease
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个城市的人口每年都在逐渐减少。progressive是形容词,修饰名词,“减少”的名词是decrease,空前有a,空格处用单数,故填decrease。
27.Would you like to run to the h to look at the ships?
【答案】harbour/arbour
【详解】考查名词。句意:你愿意跑到港口去看船吗?根据look at the ships以及常识可知,看船要去港口,设空处应用名词harbour,意为“港口”,作介词to的宾语。故填harbour。
28.The colour of the curtains doesn’t go with the colour of the c .
【答案】carpet/arpet
【详解】考查名词。句意:窗帘的颜色与地毯的颜色不相配。根据句意以及首字母提示可知,此处为名词carpet“地毯”,作介词of的宾语。故填carpet。
29.As you enter each z , the time changes one hour.
【答案】zone/one
【详解】考查名词。句意:当你进入每个时区时,时间会变化一个小时。根据“the time changes one hour”和首字母提示可知,此处为名词zone,意为“时区”,作宾语。由each可知,应用名词单数形式。故填zone。
30.V tend to be good at surviving when a computer system crashes.
【答案】Viruses/iruses
【详解】考查名词。句意:当计算机系统崩溃时,病毒往往很善于生存。句中用名词作主语,根据首字母提示及句意,用名词virus,表示“病毒”之意,根据谓语动词tend可知,用名词的复数形式。故填Viruses。
31.Coconut is a basic (成分) for many curries.
【答案】ingredient
【详解】考查名词。句意:椰子是许多咖喱的基本成分。“成分”作表语,用名词ingredient,有不定冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填ingredient。
32.Parts of the cave have been badly affected by rain and (使暴露) to the air.
【答案】exposure
【详解】考查名词。句意:洞穴的部分区域受到了雨水的严重侵蚀以及暴露在空气中的影响。空处应用名词,与“rain”并列作介词“by”的宾语;exposure为名词,表示“暴露”,符合句意。故填exposure。
33.The children stopped b their father after they were allowed to play games.
【答案】bothering/othering
【详解】考查动词。句意:孩子们被允许玩游戏后,就不再打扰他们的父亲了。结合句意和首字母提示可知,动词bother“打扰”符合,stop doing sth.“停止做某事”是固定搭配,故空处用该动词的动名词形式作宾语。故填bothering。
34.The book described the a of desert species to the hot conditions.
【答案】adaptation/daptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:这本书描述了沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应。根据句意和首字母提示可知,空处应填名词adaptation“适应”,作动词described的宾语,此处特指对炎热环境的适应。故填adaptation。
35.The function of our immune system is to prevent bacteria or g from entering the body.
【答案】germs/erms
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的免疫系统的功能是防止细菌或病菌进入身体。空处和bacteria并列作宾语,结合句意和首字母提示可知,名词germ“病菌”符合题意,可数名词,此处用复数形式表泛指。故填germs。
36.The boy was too shy to p in the heated discussion.
【答案】participate/articipate
【详解】考查动词。句意:这个男孩太害羞了,不敢参加激烈的讨论。由“in the heated discussion”可知,句子表示“这个男孩太害羞了,不敢参加激烈的讨论”,空格处意为“参加”,由首字母提示p可知,是participate,too...to do...是固定结构,意为“太……而不能……”,因此空格处用动词原形,故填participate。
37.The boy’s father is to blame for (宠坏) him.
【答案】spoiling
【详解】考查动词。句意:这男孩的父亲应该为溺爱他而受到责备。表示“宠坏”使用动词spoil,应用动名词作介词for的宾语,故填spoiling。
38.They welcomed this move but said that (总体上) the changes didn’t go far enough.
【答案】overall
【详解】考查副词。句意:他们欢迎这一举措,但表示总体上这些改变还不够。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填副词overall,表示“总体上”,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子。故填overall。
39.Although Xiaoshenyang is famous all over the country, he is still quite (谦虚的).
【答案】modest
【详解】考查形容词。句意:尽管小沈阳闻名全国,但他仍然相当谦虚。句中 is为系动词,后接形容词作表语,modest 意为“谦虚的”。故填modest。
40.Organic meat and (奶制的) products usually cost more than other products.
【答案】dairy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有机肉类和奶制品通常比其他产品贵。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为形容词dairy“奶制的”作定语修饰products,满足句意要求。故填dairy。
41.Literature can be divided into two main (种类): fiction and nonfiction.
【答案】categories
【详解】考查名词。句意:文学可以分为两大类:小说和非小说。根据句意和汉语提示“种类”,空处应填名词category的复数形式categories,作宾语,因为前面有two main修饰,表示“两大类”。 故填categories。
42. (理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.
【答案】Ideal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:理想的学习时间是晚饭后或晚饭前刚放学的时候。根据句意和汉语提示“理想的”,空处应填形容词ideal,作定语修饰名词短语study times,表示“理想的学习时间”,句首单词首字母大写。 故填Ideal。
43.It’s not just a little (诀窍) that you can pick up in half an hour.
【答案】trick
【详解】考查名词。句意:这不是你半小时就能学会的小诀窍。根据句意和汉语提示“诀窍”可知,空处应填名词trick。空前的不定冠词a表明用名词单数形式。故填trick。
44.New goals are not always (一致的) with the existing policies.
【答案】consistent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:新的目标并不总是与现有政策相一致。该空需要一个形容词作表语,形容词consistent意为“一致的”,be consistent with表示“与……一致”符合题意。故填consistent。
45.Most of the Australian family food (预算) is being spent on junk foods and drinks that are high in fat, sugar and salt.
【答案】budget
【详解】考查名词。句意:大多数澳大利亚家庭的食物预算都花在了高脂肪、高糖和高盐的垃圾食品和饮料上。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填名词budget“预算”,作介词of的宾语。故填budget。
46.You thought about the author’s conclusions and (有逻辑地) analyzed his arguments.
【答案】logically
【详解】考查副词。句意:你思考了作者的结论,并逻辑地分析了他的论点。根据句意和汉语提示“有逻辑地”,空处应填副词logically,作状语修饰动词analyzed,表示“逻辑地分析”。 故填logically。
47.In order to solve the issue, you can look at it from many different (角度).
【答案】angles
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了解决这个问题,你可以从许多不同的角度来看待它。根据句意和汉语提示“角度”,空处应填名词angle作宾语。由于前面有many different修饰,表示“许多不同的角度”,因此应用名词复数形式angles。故填angles。
48.Nothing in the world would make sense if you are (沮丧).
【答案】depressed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你心情低落,那么世界上的一切都将变得毫无意义。空处为形容词,表示“沮丧的”用depressed,作表语,表示人的主观感受。故填depressed。
49.Some people (认同) to the belief that technology is making us less intelligent, while others argue that it is simply changing the way we think.
【答案】subscribe
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:一些人认同技术正在使我们变得不那么聪明的观点,而另一些人则认为它只是在改变我们的思维方式。根据汉语提示可知,表示“认同”应为动词subscribe,subscribe to“认同,赞同”为固定短语;根据句意和空后的while others argue可知,此处描述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,主语Some people为复数,谓语动词用原形。故填subscribe。
50.Setting specific and c learning goals is one way to make lifelong learning a habit.
【答案】concrete/oncrete
【详解】考查形容词。句意:设定具体且明确的学习目标是养成终身学习习惯的一种方式。根据句意和首字母c以及空格前的specific可知,空格处应该用形容词concrete与specific并列作定语,修饰下文的learning goals。故填concrete。
51.My plane had been d for five hours due to the storm.
【答案】delayed/elayed
【详解】考查动词。句意:由于暴风雨,我的飞机已经延误了五个小时。根据句意和首字母可知,空处为delay,和主语plane为被动关系,空处填过去分词和had been构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填delayed。
52.Jack cleared his (喉咙) and spoke in low, polite tones to the rest of the students.
【答案】throat
【详解】考查名词。句意:杰克清了清他的喉咙,然后用低沉而礼貌的语气对其他学生说话。根据汉语提示“喉咙”可知,此处应填名词throat,作宾语,且此处为单数意义,故填throat。
53.When eating breakfast in a hurry, he (窒息) on a piece of toast.
【答案】choked
【详解】考查时态。句意:匆忙吃早餐时,他被一片吐司噎住了。根据汉语提示“窒息”,以及句子结构可知,此处需填动词作谓语。choke表示“窒息,噎住”,符合语境。结合时间状语“When eating breakfast in a hurry(匆忙吃早餐时)”,此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,故填choked。
54.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the (相反的事情) to our intention.
【答案】contrary
【详解】考查名词。句意:过于急切地想要推动一件事情的发展往往会导致与我们的意图相反的结果。根据汉语提示“相反的事情”可知,此处应用名词contrary,作介词in的宾语。故填contrary。
55.She felt there was something wrong, but couldn’t give (清楚易懂的) reasons.
【答案】coherent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她觉得哪里不对劲,但说不出有条理的理由。“清楚易懂的”英文表达为 coherent,在句中作定语修饰 reasons,故填coherent。
56.We could just see the outline of the house in the distance through the (薄雾) .
【答案】mist
【详解】考查名词。句意:透过薄雾,我们只能看到远处房子的轮廓。空处作宾语,结合汉语提示可知,名词mist符合题意,为不可数名词。故填mist。
57.He (对比) the two different economic systems in his speech.
【答案】contrasted
【详解】考查动词。句意:他在演讲中对比了这两种不同的经济体系。根据汉语提示“对比”及句子结构可知,此处应为动词contrast,由语境可知,演讲是已经发生的动作,句子时态为一般过去时,所以需用contrast的过去式contrasted。故填contrasted。
58.They didn’t reach the b until it was dark.
【答案】border/order
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们直到天黑才到达边境。根据单词首字母和句意“边境”可知,用名词border作宾语。故填border。
59.Ella drew the c and switched the light on.
【答案】curtains/urtains
【详解】考查名词。句意:埃拉拉上窗帘,然后打开了灯。根据句意和首字母可知,此空应填curtain,表“窗帘”,为可数名词,再由语境可知,这里可用复数形式暗指多个窗帘,作宾语。故填curtains。
60.When the old man was young, he was fond of (闲逛) in the street.
【答案】wandering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当这位老人年轻时,他喜欢在街上闲逛。根据空前介词of和汉语提示“闲逛”可知,空处应填动名词wandering作宾语,be fond of doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填wandering。
2、 单句语法填空50题
1.His to science has inspired many young researchers. (commit)
【答案】commitment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他对科学的奉献激励了许多年轻的研究者。空前的His是形容词性物主代词,后需接名词。commit对应的名词形式是commitment,意为“奉献;投入”,这里为不可数名词,作主语。故填commitment。
2.His (conclude) was based on years of research.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的结论是基于多年的研究得出的。空处需用名词作主语;conclude的名词为conclusion“结论”,结合was可知此处特指他的一个结论,名词需用单数。故填conclusion。
3.The of this plant is used to treat many diseases. (extract)
【答案】extract
【详解】考查名词。句意:这种植物的提取物被用来治疗许多疾病。空处需用名词作主语;extract作名词,表示“提取物”,不可数名词,符合题意。故填extract。
4.The scientist explained the steps of the experiment. (distinct)
【答案】distinctly
【详解】考查副词。句意:这位科学家清晰地阐述了实验的步骤。修饰动词explain用副词distinctly,故填distinctly。
5.Whenever in trouble, religion gave him a sense of (secure).
【答案】security
【详解】考查名词。句意:每当遇到困难时,宗教会给他一种安全感。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语,secure的名词形式为security“安全”,a sense of security为固定短语,意为“安全感”。故填security。
6.This course is too (salt). Please do something about it.
【答案】salty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这道菜太咸了。请想办法改善一下吧。表示“咸的”,作表语,用形容词salty,故填salty。
7.His (prefer) is that he should play football with his classmates.
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:他更愿意和同学一起踢足球。空处为主语,和is保持一致,应用名词单数,故填preference。
8.During the war, many people (flee) the country and never returned.
【答案】fled
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:战争期间,许多人逃离了这个国家,再也没有回来。空处和returned并列,作谓语,句子时态为一般过去时,因此用flee“逃离”的过去式fled。故填fled。
9.They were preparing for the (entertain) of the guests.
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们正在准备招待客人。作介词的宾语,用名词entertainment,故填entertainment。
10.The boy’s simple question made all the people present (embarrass).
【答案】embarrassed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个男孩的简单提问让在场的所有人都感到尴尬。作宾补,修饰people用形容词embarrassed,故填embarrassed。
11.From your words I reach the (conclude) that you didn’t attend the lecture.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意:从你的话里,我得出了你没有参加讲座的结论。分析句子结构可知,此空应填名词,conclusion,表“结论”,符合语境,reach the conclusion,是固定搭配,意为“得出结论”。故填conclusion。
12.A (warn) message will be given as soon as there is any danger.
【答案】warning
【详解】考查形容词。句意:一旦有任何危险,就会发出警告信息。根据空后名词message可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;warn的形容词形式为warning,意为“警告的”。故填warning。
13.You must make sure that your source of information is (rely).
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你必须确保你的信息来源是可靠的。根据空前is可知,空处需用形容词作表语;rely的形容词形式为reliable,意为“可靠的,可信赖的”。故填reliable。
14.You have to face the (real) that she is (real) a cheat.
【答案】 reality really
【详解】考查名词和副词。句意:你必须面对她确实是个骗子这个现实。第一空:根据空前定冠词the可知,空处需用名词作face的宾语,real的名词为reality“现实”,此处特指她是个骗子这个现实,名词需用单数;第二空:空处需用副词作状语修饰系动词is,强调她确实是个骗子这一事实,real的副词为really“确实,真正地”,符合题意。故填①reality;②really。
15.You can lose weight by (jog) half an hour every morning.
【答案】jogging
【详解】考查动名词。句意:你可以通过每天早上慢跑半小时来减肥。根据空前by可知,空处需用动名词形式作宾语;jog的动名词形式是jogging,意为“慢跑”。故填jogging。
16.Not only can we appreciate (number) appealing weaving works ranging from chairs to decorations, but also we’ll watch the documentary concerning the history of the weaving art.
【答案】numerous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们不仅能欣赏到从座椅到装饰品等众多极具吸引力的编织作品,还能观看一部关于编织艺术历史的纪录片。空处修饰名词词组“appealing weaving works”,结合句意可知,形容词numerous“大量的”符合题意。作定语。故填numerous。
17.She made a (predict) that China will be one of the first countries that rid of the financial crisis.
【答案】prediction
【详解】考查名词。句意:她预测中国将是首批摆脱金融危机的国家之一。空处应填名词作宾语,predict的名词形式是prediction,意为“预测”,为可数名词,根据a可知,此处应用其单数形式。故填prediction。
18.I am writing to tell you about some symptoms of (anxious) among us students before exams.
【答案】anxiety
【详解】考查名词。句意:我写信是想告诉你我们学生在考试前的一些焦虑症状。空处需用名词作介词about的宾语,anxious的名词形式是anxiety,为不可数名词,意为“焦虑”。故填anxiety。
19.To me, I can almost pay everything via a mobile phone, such as transportation, food and (entertain). (所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:对我来说,我几乎可以通过手机支付一切,比如交通、餐饮和娱乐。空格处用名词作宾语,entertain的名词是entertainment,是不可数名词,意为“娱乐”。故填entertainment。
20.It’s vital we should take effective measures to protect the environment.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们采取有效措施保护环境是至关重要的。此处为连接词引导的主语从句,句中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句,从句中不缺成分,且句意完成,所以此处使用连接词that,在从句中仅起连接作用。故填that。
21.Isaacson interviewed hundreds of Steve Jobs’ friends and relatives to sum up Jobs’ (remark) life.
【答案】remarkable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:艾萨克森采访了史蒂夫・乔布斯的数百位亲友,以总结乔布斯非凡的一生。此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词,remarkable,表“非凡的”,为形容词。故填remarkable。
22.The students’ creativity, which comes from their everyday experiences, will make their science project a (real).
【答案】reality
【详解】考查名词作宾补。句意:学生们的创造力来自于他们的日常经历,这将使他们的科学项目成为现实。动词make后接复合宾语,设空处充当宾语their science project的宾语补足语;根据句意可知,设空处意为“现实”,且空前有不定冠词a,所以要用名词形式reality,构成固定表达make sth. a reality,意为“使……成为现实”。故填reality。
23.Our company’s marketing strategies this year will have multiple (emphasis), including social media promotion and brand building.
【答案】emphases
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:我们公司今年的营销策略将有多个重点,其中包括社交媒体推广和品牌建设。空处需填名词作宾语,根据上文multiple可知,空处为复数。故填emphases。
24.The factory, whose energy (consume) is strictly monitored by the government, has adopted new eco-friendly technologies.
【答案】consumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:这家工厂采用了新的环保技术,其能源消耗受到政府的严格监控。空格处需要名词作主语,且由形容词性物主代词whose修饰,consume为动词,意为“消耗”,其名词形式为consumption,意为“消耗”,是不可数名词。故填consumption。
25.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
【答案】absence
【详解】考查名词。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。此处为名词作宾语,根据空前的“thanks to (to为介词)”和定冠词“the”可知,此处应用absent的名词形式absence,为不可数名词,意为“缺乏,没有”,且the absence of...为固定搭配,意为“……的缺乏/不存在”,符合语境。故填absence。
26.The company’s success was built on the (assume) that demand would continue to grow.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:该公司的成功建立在需求将持续增长的假设之上。根据空前定冠词the及空后“that demand would continue to grow”可知,空处应用名词assumption,表示“假设”,作介词on的宾语,on the assumption that是固定短语,意为“假定……;在……的假设之下”。故填assumption。
27.With my strong (academy) background, I am competent and qualified for the job.
【答案】academic
【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意:凭借我扎实的学术背景,我完全有能力胜任这份工作。academy是个名词,意思是“学院”,横线后有名词,说明应该将它变成形容词,从而充当定语,其形容词是academic。故答案是academic。
28.As a leading (novel), Tom has got a lot of attention and is enjoying a good reputation.
【答案】novelist
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为一名顶尖的小说家,汤姆备受关注且享有良好声誉。空处作宾语,需用名词形式,表示“小说家”应用novelist,不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填novelist。
29.The accident serves as a warning to all wilderness lovers about the potential dangers that can lead to (bite) by poisonous insects in the wild.
【答案】being bitten
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这起事故给所有野外爱好者敲响了警钟,提醒他们野外可能存在被毒虫叮咬的危险。that引导的定语从句的谓语为can lead to,此处为非谓语动词,lead to中的to为介词,且bite“叮,咬”和其逻辑主语all wilderness lovers之间为被动关系,故用动名词的被动形式being bitten,作宾语。故填being bitten。
30.You should postpone (make) a decision until you have more information.
【答案】making
【详解】考查动名词。句意:你应该等到掌握了更多的信息再做决定。分析句子可知,此处为动词短语postpone doing sth“推迟做某事”,所以此处为动名词形式。故填making。
31.Innovation in teaching methods is (essence) to meet the diverse learning needs of students.
【答案】essential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:教学方法的创新对于满足学生多样化的学习需求是至关重要的。空处作表语,需用形容词essential。故填essential。
32. (occupy) myself with the demanding task of proparing my speech, I find it impossible to spare time for any other activities.
【答案】Occupying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我忙于准备演讲这一艰巨的任务,发现不可能抽出时间进行其他活动。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,I和occupy为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Occupying。
33.The researchers (commit) themselves to this project for over five years, and they’re still making progress.
【答案】have been committing
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这些研究人员已经致力于这个项目超过五年了,而且他们仍在不断取得进展。commit为动词,表示“投入、委托”,commit oneself to表示“致力于、投身于”,在句中作谓语;根据时间状语“for over five years”和“and they’re still making progress”可知,该句表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作,并且现在仍在进行,故应用现在完成进行时,主语是“researchers”,谓语为复数。故填have been committing。
34.You may find it easy (expand) your knowledge beyond textbooks through online learning apps.
【答案】to expand
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你可能会发现通过在线学习应用程序扩展课本之外的知识很容易。此处为“find/make/consider +it+形容词/名词 + to do sth.”结构,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为不定式形式,所以此处应用动词不定式to expand作真正的宾语。故填to expand。
35.When in low spirits, we may cry out for things giving us comfort and a sense of (secure).
【答案】security
【详解】考查名词。句意:情绪低落时,我们可能会渴望得到能给我们带来安慰和安全感的东西。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语,secure的名词形式为security“安全”,a sense of security“安全感”。故填security。
36.Travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship, or meeting an (adore) fairy tale or cartoon character are all possible at Disneyland.
【答案】adorable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在迪士尼乐园,你可以穿越太空,参观海盗船,或者遇见一个可爱的童话或卡通人物。本空修饰空后的名词短语fairy tale or cartoon character可知,本空用形容词adorable“可爱的”,作前置定语。故填adorable。
37.The latest weather-tracking computer programs give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, saves many lives.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:最新的天气跟踪计算机程序向人们发出有关自然灾害的许多警告,这挽救了许多生命。逗号后面是非限制性定语从句,指代逗号前面的事实,引导词在从句中作主语,应该使用which引导定语从句。故填which。
38.They can warn you early on if there is something (normal) or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
【答案】 abnormal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果出现异常或患有癌症等严重疾病,他们可以提前警告你,并可能挽救你的生命。根据前后文句意可知,此处应用形容词normal的反义词abnormal意为“不正常的,异常的”作后置定语修饰不定代词something。故填abnormal。
39.Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can contribute to depression and . (anxious)
【答案】anxiety
【详解】考查名词。句意:避免饮酒和摄入咖啡因,它们会导致抑郁和焦虑。提示词和名词depression是并列关系,作宾语,用名词形式anxiety,意为“焦虑”,这里是不可数名词。故填anxiety。
40.This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s remaining gorillas from (die) out.
【答案】dying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这是由大猩猩组织运营的一个项目,旨在筹集资金以拯救世界上现存的大猩猩免于灭绝。介词from后需接动名词作宾语,die的动名词形式为dying,构成短语“prevent...from dying out”,意为“防止……灭绝。故填dying。
41.Some popular stars wear masks in public to escape (recognize) by fans,which allows them to enjoy their private lives more freely.
【答案】being recognized
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一些受欢迎的明星在公共场合戴口罩以避免被粉丝认出,这使他们能够更自由地享受他们的私人生活。escape doing sth.表示“逃避/避免做某事”,且此处表示“避免被粉丝认出”,应用动名词的被动式being done作宾语。故填being recognized。
42.She was awarded the Nobel Prize for her (contribute) to medical science.
【答案】contributions
【详解】考查名词。句意:她因对医学科学的贡献而被授予诺贝尔奖。空处作宾语,前面有形容词性物主代词修饰,应填名词“contribution”,为可数名词,此处用复数形式表示“贡献”。故填contributions。
43.We suggest that countries should establish broader mechanisms for exchange and cooperation in the culture field, and deepen the breadth and (deep) of cultural exchanges.
【答案】depth
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们建议各国在文化领域建立更广泛的交流合作机制,深化文化交流的广度和深度。根据空前的“the breadth and”可知,此处需用名词与 breadth意为“广度”并列,deep为形容词,其名词形式为depth意为“深度”作宾语。故填 depth。
44.A foreign face stood out at the market. He was deeply engrossed in making hawthorn balls, a traditional Chinese remedy for boosting appetite and (digest).
【答案】digestion
【详解】考查名词。句意:一个外国人的面孔在市场上很显眼。他全神贯注于制作山楂丸子,这是一种促进食欲和消化的传统中药。空格前为“and”连接并列的名词“appetite”和“digestion”。“digest”的名词形式“digestion”表示“消化(功能)”作宾语,故填digestion。
45.It is through good governance that China has been able to grow its economy and alleviate (poor).
【答案】poverty
【详解】考查名词。句意:正是通过良好的治理,中国才得以实现经济的增长并减轻了贫困状况。作宾语,填poor的名词形式poverty“贫穷;贫困”,不可数。故填poverty。
46.The recovery and (expand) of international flight routes has dramatically influenced development of Hunan's inbound tourism.
【答案】expansion
【详解】考查名词。句意:国际航线的恢复与拓展极大地促进了湖南入境旅游的发展。作主语,用名词expansion,不可数。故填expansion。
47.The summit is a (convince) example of China’s determination and effort to advance open-up and encourage high-quality partnerships with multinationals.
【答案】convincing
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这次峰会是中国推进对外开放、鼓励与跨国公司建立高质量伙伴关系的决心和努力的一个有说服力的例子。根据空后的名词example可知,此处需用形容词作定语。convince为动词,意为“使确信”,其形容词形式有convincing(令人信服的)和convinced(确信的)。此处修饰example,指“有说服力的例子”,应用convincing。故填convincing。
48.To be sure, Hong Kong stocks have had a strong record of riding out (crisis).
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:可以肯定的是,香港股市在安然度过危机方面有着良好的记录。空处作ride out的宾语,需用名词形式。crisis意为“危机”,是可数名词,结合语境可知,香港股市度过的危机不止一个,应用复数形式。crisis的复数形式为不规则变化crises。故填crises。
49.We could walk or (alternative) we could go in Ted’s car.
【答案】alternatively
【详解】考查词副词。句意:我们可以步行,或者作为替代方案,我们可以坐泰德的车。根据句子结构,此处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子“we could go in Ted’s car”。alternative为形容词,意为“可供替代的”,其副词形式为alternatively,意为“或者;作为替代”,符合句意。故填alternatively。
50.As you know, is my main major at university, and as a consequence, I memorize many parties and . (politician)
【答案】 politics political politicians
【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意:如你所知,在大学里我的主修专业是政治学,因此我记住了很多政党和政客的信息。第一空作主语,表示“政治学”用名词politics;第二空修饰名词parties,用形容词political“政治的”,作定语;第三空与parties并列,作memorize的宾语,需用名词形式,表示“政客,政治家”用名词politician,结合上文parties可知,many后需接可数名词复数形式。故填①politics;②political;③politicians。
考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇
1、 单词拼写50题
1.There’s been a significant i (投入) of time and energy in order to make the project a success.
【答案】investment/nvestment
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了使这个项目取得成功,我们投入了大量的时间和精力。根据中英文提示,“投入” 对应的英文单词是 “investment”,且前面有不定冠词 “a” 和形容词 “significant” 修饰,需用名词单数形式。故填investment。
2.Surveys show a t (趋势) away from home-ownership and toward rented accommodation.
【答案】trend/rend
【详解】考查名词。句意:调查结果显示,人们越来越倾向于租房而非购买房产。根据中英文提示可知用名词trend,作宾语,不定冠词提示用单数。故填trend。
3.Police have launched a c (运动) to crack down on drug dealers.
【答案】campaign/ampaign
【详解】考查名词。句意:警方发起了一场打击毒贩的运动。根据中英文提示,“运动”对应的英文单词是“campaign”,且前面有不定冠词“a”,所以用单数形式。故填campaign。
4.In traditional Chinese culture, the concept of a h (和谐的) society is deeply rooted in Confucian philosophy.
【答案】harmonious/armonious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在中国传统文化中,和谐社会的理念深深植根于儒家哲学。此处修饰名词“society”(社会),需要用形容词形式,“harmonious”符合语境。故填harmonious。
5.Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their r (决心) fill me with hope.
【答案】resolve/esolve
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们对他人真诚的关心、坚持不懈的精神和坚定的决心让我充满希望。根据中英文提示可知,空处应填名词resolve“决心”,和“concern”以及“perseverance”作并列主语,不可数。故填resolve。
6.Different from other visual art forms, sculpture operates in three d (维度).
【答案】dimensions/imensions
【详解】考查名词。句意:与其他视觉艺术形式不同,雕塑是在三维空间中进行创作的。根据汉语提示和首字母d以及空格前的in three可知,空格处应该用复数名词dimensions作宾语。故填dimensions。
7.I can’t climb too high because it will make me feel d .
【答案】dizzy/izzy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我不能爬得太高,因为这会让我感觉眩晕。 根据首字母 d以及“I can’t climb too high”可知,应填 dizzy,意为 “眩晕的”。故填dizzy。
8.She (重复地) urged her son not to tell anyone about it.
【答案】repeatedly
【详解】考查副词。句意:她一再劝告她的儿子不要把这件事告诉任何人。根据汉语提示“重复地”可知,此处应用副词repeatedly修饰动词urged。故填repeatedly。
9.They saw the man with a little girl s along behind him.
【答案】skipping/kipping
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意:他们看到那个男人身后跟着一个蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩。根据首字母和句意可知,空处为skip。且本句为with复合结构。a little girl与skip为主动关系,用现在分词做宾语补足语。故填skipping。
10.Has any (突破) ever been made in the cure of AIDS recently?
【答案】breakthrough
【详解】考查名词。句意:最近在艾滋病的治疗上有任何突破吗?根据汉语提示“突破”可知,此处应填名词breakthrough,在句中作主语,结合has可知应用其单数形式。故填breakthrough。
11.The company enjoys a worldwide (名声) for the quality of design.
【答案】reputation
【详解】考查名词。句意:这家公司因其设计质量在全球享有盛誉。“名声”为“reputation”作宾语。空前有不定冠词,故用单数。故填reputation。
12. (不幸的是), the poor dog was hurt badly and then died soon.
【答案】Unfortunately
【详解】考查副词。句意:不幸的是,这只可怜的狗受了重伤,很快就死了。根据汉语提示“不幸的是”可知,此处应填副词unfortunately,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,且位于句首,首字母要大写。故填 Unfortunately。
13.He (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
【答案】criticised/criticized
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:他批评我没有按时完成工作。根据汉语提示可知,此处应用动词“criticise/criticize”,表示“批评”,且句子描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,“criticise sb. for (doing) sth.”为固定用法,表示“因……而批评某人”,符合语境。故填criticised/criticized。
14.I have long wanted to be a teacher because I think it is a very (高尚的,崇高的)career.
【答案】noble
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我一直想成为一名教师,因为我认为那是一个非常崇高的职业。根据汉语提示,此处应填形容词noble作定语。故填noble。
15. (有影响力的) painters, like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
【答案】Influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有影响力的画家,如列奥纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔,在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的艺术作品。空处修饰名词painters,用形容词形式作定语。形容词“有影响力的”英文为influential,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Influential。
16.According to the report (提交)by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
【答案】submitted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据研究人员提交的报告,每年二氧化碳排放总量的20% 至25%是由热带森林遭到破坏所导致的。According to the report_______by researchers作状语,句中的谓语动词是are caused,可知状语部分的动词必须变为非谓语动词形式。_______by researchers作后置定语修饰名词the report(报道),它和空之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,即“报道被提交”,要用过去分词表示被动。“提交”的英语是submit,过去分词要双写t再加-ed。故填submitted。
17.There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective, in which the poet Tagore shows (同情) for children’s feelings.
【答案】sympathy
【详解】考查名词。句意:还有许多以儿童视角创作的诗歌,泰戈尔在这些诗歌中表达了对儿童情感的同情。在in which引导的非限制性定语从句中,shows是谓语动词,其后的空要用名词作宾语。“同情”的英语是sympathy,是不可数名词,没有单复数的变化。故填sympathy。
18.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become (悲观) and give up.
【答案】pessimistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯,如果我们不能立即成功,我们往往会变得悲观并放弃。句中become是系动词,其后接形容词作表语。形容词“悲观的”英文为pessimistic。故填pessimistic。
19.It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of (家具) inside the house.
【答案】furniture
【详解】考查名词。句意:搬动房子里所有的家具花了他很大的精力。介词of后接名词形式,名词“家具”英文为furniture,是不可数名词,作宾语。故填furniture。
20.To (促进,使便利) a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habits cycle and then try to adapt them.
【答案】facilitate
【详解】考查动词原形。句意:为了促进坏习惯的积极改变,我们必须首先检查我们的坏习惯循环,然后尝试改变它们。根据句意和句中“a positive change in our bad habits”可知,要“促进”坏习惯的积极改变,结合汉语提示,用动词facilitate,用动词原形形式和to构成不定式作目的状语。故填facilitate。
21.Gardening is her favorite form of r (娱乐;消遣) after a long week of studying.
【答案】recreation/ecreation
【详解】考查名词。句意:在漫长的一周学习之后,园艺成了她最喜爱的休闲活动。根据中英文提示可知用名词recreation,作宾语,此处为抽象概念,不可数。故填recreation。
22.Only a q (符合资格的) doctor is allowed to perform such complex surgeries at this hospital.
【答案】qualified/ualified
【详解】考查形容词。句意:只有具备相应资质的医生才能在这家医院进行此类复杂的手术。根据中英文提示可知用形容词qualified,修饰名词doctor。故填qualified。
23.The d (精美的) pattern on her wedding dress looked absolutely stunning under the soft light.
【答案】delicate/elicate
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在柔和的灯光下,她婚纱上精致的图案显得十分迷人。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为形容词delicate“精美的”作定语修饰pattern,满足句意要求。故填delicate。
24.She has always e (羡慕,妒忌) my success.
【答案】envied/nvied
【详解】考查动词。句意:她一直羡慕我的成功。结合首字母提示可知,“羡慕,妒忌”应用动词envy,和has构成谓语,时态为现在完成时,envy需用过去分词的形式。故填envied。
25.The report must be s (提交) to the manager by Friday.
【答案】submitted/ubmitted
【详解】考查动词。句意:这份报告必须在周五之前提交给经理。根据中英文提示可知用动词submit,与主语构成被动关系,空处用submit的过去分词和must be构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填submitted。
26.She refused to allow the e (展出) of her husband’s work.
【答案】exhibition/xhibition
【详解】考查名词。句意:她拒绝展出她丈夫的作品。根据空格前的冠词 the可知,空格处应填名词作动词allow的宾语,结合汉语提示“展出”是exhibition,此处为不可数名词。故填exhibition。
27.The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as e (满腔热忱的) as ever.
【答案】enthusiastic/nthusiastic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击,但他没有气馁,很快又像以前一样充满了热情。句中got是系动词,空处作表语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,形容词enthusiastic符合题意;在as...as...结构中,形容词应用原形。故填enthusiastic。
28.With this c (全面的;详尽的) knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.
【答案】comprehensive/omprehensive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:凭借对艺术史的全面了解,他从此成为了一名专业画家。空处作定语修饰名词短语knowledge of the history of art,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,形容词comprehensive符合题意。故填comprehensive。
29.Some students have breakfast everyday while others always skip it. They account for 85% and 15% r (各自).
【答案】respectively/espectively
【详解】考查副词。句意:一些学生每天吃早餐,而另一些学生总是不吃。它们分别占85%和15%。第二个分句为完整的主谓宾结构,因此空处为状语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,副词respectively符合题意。故填respectively。
30.Public awareness campaigns aim to educate people about the importance of biodiversity c (保护).
【答案】conservation/onservation
【详解】考查名词。句意:公众意识宣传活动旨在向人们普及生物多样性保护的重要性。空处作介词of的宾语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,名词conservation符合题意,为不可数名词。故填conservation。
31.As many as 337 a (业余选手) from all walks of life participated in Su Chao, the Jiangsu Urban Football League.
【答案】amateurs/mateurs
【详解】考查名词。句意:多达337名来自各行各业的业余爱好者参加了苏超——江苏城市足球联赛。空处应填名词作主语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,名词amateur符合题意,可数名词,前面有基数词337,故空处名词用复数形式。故填amateurs。
32.The scientific theory was too c (难懂的,复杂的) for most students to grasp without additional help from their teacher.
【答案】complicated/complex/omplicated/omplex
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个科学理论太复杂了,如果没有老师额外的帮助,大多数学生都无法理解。根据首字母c及汉语提示“难懂的,复杂的”可知,本空可用形容词complicated/complex,作表语。故填complicated/complex。
33.While I can’t g (确保) success, I believe that hard work and dedication will lead you to achieve your goals.
【答案】guarantee/uarantee
【详解】考查动词。句意:虽然我不能确保成功,但我相信努力工作和奉献精神会引领你实现目标。根据首字母g及汉语提示“确保”可知,本空用动词guarantee,情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填guarantee。
34.The dark coffee has such a strong b taste that some people find it hard to like it.
【答案】bitter/itter
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这种黑咖啡有着极浓的苦味,以至于有些人很难喜欢上它。根据句意“苦的”和首字母提示可知,此处为形容词bitter,作定语,修饰名词taste。故填bitter。
35.The injury caused p damage to his knee, resulting in lifelong disability.
【答案】permanent/ermanent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这次受伤给他的膝盖造成了永久性损伤,导致了终身残疾。根据句意“永久的”和首字母提示可知,此处为形容词permanent,作定语,修饰名词damage。故填permanent。
36.Under the g of the experienced coach, the young athlete’s performance improved significantly.
【答案】guidance/uidance
【详解】考查名词。句意:在经验丰富的教练的指导下,这位年轻运动员的表现有了显著提高。根据“the experienced coach”可知,此处指在教练的指导下,guidance“指导”符合题意,作介词under的宾语,under the guidance of表示“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。
37.These (民间的) stories have been passed down from generation to generation in this small village.
【答案】folk
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这些民间故事在这个小村庄里代代相传。空处用于名词stories之前,应用形容词folk作定语。故填folk。
38.Tony told her she was being (敏感的) and was just as good as Gladys.
【答案】sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:托尼说她太敏感了,和格拉迪斯一样好。空格处用形容词作表语,“敏感的”的形容词是sensitive。故填sensitive。
39.C (当代的) artists have followed this tradition to create works that speak to the anxieties of our age.
【答案】Contemporary/ontemporary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当代艺术家遵循这一传统,创作出反映我们这个时代焦虑的作品。根据句意和首字母提示以及汉语提示可知,应填形容词contemporary“当代的”作定语,修饰名词artists,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Contemporary。
40.Tom (通信) with his pen friend John regularly.
【答案】corresponds
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:汤姆经常和他的笔友约翰通信。“通信”是correspond,由regularly可知,句子时态是一般现在时,主语Tom是第三人称单数,因此空格处用第三人称单数,故填corresponds。
41.The school emphasizes strict (纪律) to ensure students focus on their studies.
【答案】discipline
【详解】考查名词。句意:学校强调严格的纪律,以确保学生专注于学习。根据汉语提示“纪律”,此处应填名词 discipline,作 emphasizes的宾语,discipline表示“纪律”时是不可数名词。故填discipline。
42.The s (雕塑) in the park was created by a famous artist.
【答案】sculpture/culpture
【详解】考查名词。句意:公园里的雕塑是一位著名艺术家创作的。根据句意及中英文提示可知,此处使用名词sculpture,表示“雕塑”,为可数名词;由was created可知,此处应用其单数形式作主语。故填sculpture。
43.Guangzhou’s restaurants (刺激) customers’ appetite with a variety of light dishes.
【答案】stimulate
【详解】考查动词。句意:广州的餐馆以各种清淡的菜肴刺激顾客的食欲。根据句子结构,此处缺少谓语动词。动词“刺激”英文为stimulate。句子描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语 restaurants为复数,所以用动词原形。故填 stimulate。
44.We all went back to our r (belonging or relating separately to sb./sth.) homes to wait for news of the poetry competition.
【答案】respective/espective
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们都回到了各自的家,等待诗歌比赛的消息。根据首字母r以及括号内释义“belonging or relating separately to sb./sth.(分别属于某人/某物或与某人/某物相关)”可知,空处应填形容词respective,意为“各自的”,作定语修饰名词homes。故填respective。
45.The company is planning a(n) (扩张) into new markets to increase its market share.
【答案】expansion
【详解】考查名词。句意:该公司正计划向新市场扩张,以增加其市场份额。根据汉语提示“扩张”可知,空格处涉及单词“expansion”,意为“扩张”,为可数名词,不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数,作宾语。故填expansion。
46.You can’t r on the weather being fine for anything you plan in England.
【答案】rely/ely
【详解】考查动词。句意:在英国,对于你计划的任何事情,你都不能指望天气会一直晴朗。根据句意和首字母提示可知,空处应填动词rely“依靠,依赖”,rely on“依靠,依赖”为固定短语,情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填rely。
47.The police are offering a big r for information about the robbery.
【答案】reward/eward
【详解】考查名词。句意:警方为获得抢劫案的线索悬赏一大笔钱。根据首字母提示r可知,应填名词reward“报酬,悬赏金”,作are offering的宾语,根据空前的a可知,应用单数形式。故填reward。
48.Did you see the d pin she got for Christmas?
【答案】diamond/iamond
【详解】考查名词。句意:你看到她圣诞节得到的那枚钻石胸针了吗?根据空前定冠词the和空后名词pin以及首字母提示“d”可知,空处应填名词diamond,表示“钻石”,在此处作定语修饰pin,说明胸针的材质是钻石。故填diamond。
49.The (购买) price figures out at about two million dollars.
【答案】purchase
【详解】考查名词。句意:购买价格约为200万美元。根据空前定冠词The和空后名词price以及汉语提示“购买”可知,空处应填名词purchase,作定语修饰price,purchase price表示“购买价格”。故填purchase。
50.They said goodbye to him as he got a the train at the station.
【答案】aboard/board
【详解】考查介词。句意:当他在火车站上火车时,他们向他道别。根据said goodbye to him以及the train at the station可知,此处表示在他上火车时,向他道别,空处应用介词aboard,意为“在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)上”,get aboard为固定短语,意为“上车”。故填aboard。
二、单句语填50题
51.Once (release), the results of the experiment will definitely start a heated discussion.
【答案】released
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦实验结果公布,肯定会引发激烈的讨论。分析句子结构可知,此处为once引导的时间状语从句的省略,时间状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致,且谓语动词中含有be动词时,可以省略“主语+be动词”,该句中release与其逻辑主语the results of the experiment之间是被动关系,表示“结果被公布”,因此用过去分词released,其完整形式为“Once the results of the experiment is released”,此处省略了“the results of the experiment is”。故填released。
52.Many elementary and (second) schools set up libraries for use by all the students and teachers.
【答案】secondary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:许多小学和中学都建立了图书馆,供所有学生和教师使用。根据空后名词schools可知,此处应用形容词secondary“中学的”,作前置定语,修饰schools。故填secondary。
53.My English teacher always encourages me to express myself in English without fear. Her words make me feel really . Whenever I face challenges in grammar or pronunciation, she gives me a lot of . (请用encourage的适当形式填空)
【答案】 encouraging encouraged encouragement
【详解】①考查现在分词。句意:她鼓励的话使我感到很受鼓舞。设空处修饰后面的名词words,所以要用形容词形式,且意为“鼓舞人心的”或“鼓励性的”,所以要用encouraging。故填encouraging。
②考查过去分词。句意:她鼓励的话使我感到很受鼓舞。设空处位于系动词feel后面充当表语,且意为“受到鼓舞的”,所以要用过去分词形式encouraged。故填encouraged。
③考查名词。句意:每当我在语法或发音上遇到挑战时,她都会给我很多鼓励。设空处充当gives的宾语,所以要用名词形式。故填encouragement。
54.They (pray) to God that their long-lost son will soon reunite with them.
【答案】have been praying
【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:他们一直向神明祈祷,希望他们失散已久的儿子将早日与他们团聚。本句是含有宾语从句的复合句,宾语从句用了一般将来时,因此主句要用现在范畴的时态。本句语境暗含“他们一直在祈祷儿子回来”,可推断祈祷这个动作反复发生,而且还会持续下去。符合这种语境的时态是现在完成进行时,由“have/has been+V-ing”构成,主语they是复数代词,助动词用have,pray直接加-ing即可。故填have been praying。
55.The complex structure of the machine makes it difficult (assemble).
【答案】to assemble
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这台机器结构复杂,难以组装。此处为make it adj. to do sth.,不定式作真正宾语,故填to assemble。
56.People often practice yoga (relief) stress and improve their mental health.
【答案】to relieve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们经常练习瑜伽来缓解压力,改善心理健康。空处作目的状语,需用动词不定式。故填to relieve。
57.After his business failed, he had to sell his (possess) to pay for the debts.
【答案】possessions
【详解】考查名词。句意:在他的生意失败后,他不得不卖掉自己的财产来偿还债务。空处作宾语,需用名词possession,表示“财产”,常用复数形式。故填possessions。
58.The origins of the umbrella can be traced back over thousands of years to early human societies. Initially used as sunshades, these early umbrellas were fashioned from materials like silk or paper, and waterproofed with wax (蜡) and lacquer (漆) (offer) rain protection.
【答案】to offer
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些早期的伞最初被用作遮阳工具,采用丝绸或纸张等材料制成,并通过涂蜡和上漆进行防水处理,以提供防雨保护。句子已有谓语,空处是非谓语,作目的状语,表示“为了/来……”,应用offer“提供”的不定式形式。故填to offer。
59.Beijing’s unique cultural identity attracted record tourists to new heights in 2024, most of whom (drive) in part by the popularity of its newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis (轴). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were driven
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:2024年,北京独特的文化身份吸引了创纪录的游客数量,达到新高度,其中大多数人部分是由其新列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产的中轴线所吸引来的。此处在定语从句中作谓语动词,根据时间状语in 2024可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语为most of whom与drive之间为被动关系,所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态,主语most of whom中的whom指代的是先行词tourists为复数意义,所以谓语动词为were driven。故填were driven。
60.A print edition of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), which (publish) in 1171, is one such example. Written in the 1st century BC by Sima Qian, it’s a foundation text of Chinese history.
【答案】was published
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:1171年出版的印刷版《史记》就是这样一个例子。这部著作由司马迁于公元前 1 世纪撰写而成,是研究中国历史的重要典籍。根据in 1171可知,句子时态为一般过去时,A print edition of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian)与publish之间是被动关系,即“《史记》的印刷版被出版”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填was published。
61.If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【答案】left
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未体验过晒了一天的床单或衬衫散发出的“阳光气息”,那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇迹。分析句子可知,设空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词a sheet or shirt,且a sheet or shirt与leave之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式left。故填left。
62.At that moment, she realized that she (follow) by a stranger, so she quickened her pace.
【答案】was being followed
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:就在那时,她意识到自己正被一个陌生人跟踪,于是加快了脚步。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词,根据主句的谓语动词realized以及从句中的时间状语at that moment可知,从句应使用过去进行时,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,主语she与动词follow之间是被动关系,因此用过去进行时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”,主语she是第三人称单数,助动词用was。故填was being followed。
63.He has been dreaming of becoming a (law) since childhood.
【答案】lawyer
【详解】考查名词。句意:他从小就梦想成为一名律师。“law”意为“法律”,根据语境,此处表示“律师”,为名词“lawyer”,且由“a”可知用单数作表语。故填lawyer。
64.Don’t be (greed) — leave some cake for others.
【答案】greedy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:别贪心 —— 留点蛋糕给别人。此处为形容词作表语,greed的形容词形式为greedy,意为“贪婪的,贪心的”,符合句意。故填greedy。
65.His hearing (disable) requires the use of a hearing aid (助听器).
【答案】disability
【详解】考查名词。句意:由于听力障碍,他需要使用助听器。此处为名词作主语,disable的名词形式是disability,意为“障碍;残疾”,根据语境及谓语动词requires可知,此处特指“听力障碍,听力残疾”,为单数概念。故填disability。
66.The scientist struggled (accomplish) a major breakthrough after years of research.
【答案】to accomplish
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:经过多年的研究,这位科学家努力取得了重大突破。句中考查固定短语struggle to do sth“努力或艰难地做某事”,故填to accomplish。
67.It is widely acknowledged that we Chinese are global citizens interested in world (stable).
【答案】stability
【详解】考查名词。句意:众所周知,我们中国人是关心世界稳定的世界公民。空处应填名词stability作in的宾语,不可数,故填stability。
68.They were asked to clean up the (dust) furniture as soon as they arrived home.
【答案】dusty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他们被要求一到家就把满是灰尘的家具打扫干净。空作前置定语修饰名词furniture,要用dust的形容词。故填dusty。
69.On hearing of the news, we were overcome with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
【答案】mixture
【详解】考查名词。句意:一听到这个消息,我们被惊喜和恐惧交织的情绪所淹没。设空处前有a修饰,应用名词单数形式作宾语,mix的名词是mixture。故填mixture。
70.The old lady has been in (possess) of the flat for many years.
【答案】possession
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位老妇人拥有这套公寓已经很多年了。in possession of是固定短语,意为“拥有,占有”,用名词possession(拥有,持有)作宾语。故填possession。
71.Twenty people were killed in the (violent) and the local authority should take the responsibility.
【答案】violence
【详解】考查名词。句意:20人在暴力事件中丧生,地方当局应该承担责任。由空前the定冠词可知,此处为名词形式violence“暴力事件”作宾语,满足句意要求。故填violence。
72.Feeling (guilt) about yelling at her mom, she wrote a letter to apologize that night.
【答案】guilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她对冲妈妈大喊大叫感到内疚,因此那天晚上她写了一封信道歉。此处应为形容词作表语,guilt的形容词为guilty,意为“内疚的”符合句意。故填guilty。
73.The (frequent) of typhoons in this region has increased due to climate change.
【答案】frequency
【详解】考查名词。句意:由于气候变化,该地区台风发生的频率增加了。根据空前定冠词The可知,此处用名词frequency“频率”,为不可数名词,作句子主语。故填frequency。
74.The scientists handled the (explode) materials with extreme caution during the experiment.
【答案】explosive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在实验过程中,科学家们对爆炸物的处理极为谨慎。空处应用形容词,作定语修饰名词“materials”,explosive为形容词,表示“易爆的、爆炸性的”,符合句意。故填explosive。
75.Yesterday, the winners’ names of the singing competition (announce) on campus radio.
【答案】were announced
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:昨天,校园广播公布了歌唱比赛的获胜者名单。空格处处为谓语动词,根据时间状语“Yesterday”可知,时态应用一般过去时,主语“the winners’ names”与“announce”之间为被动关系,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“be +过去分词”,主语为名词复数,所以be动词用复数形式were,announce的过去分词为announced。故填were announced。
76. (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we had our dog chained.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被咬了两次,这个邮递员拒绝来我们家送信,除非我们把狗拴起来。设空处用非谓语动词作原因状语,动作bite与主语postman之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式表被动,空处位于句首,首字母需大写,故填Bitten。
77.Despite his mistake, he (forgive) by his friends because they understood it was an honest error.
【答案】was forgiven
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:尽管他犯了错,但他被朋友们原谅了,因为他们明白这是无心之失。根据 “because they understood...” 可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。又因为 “he(他)” 与 “forgive(原谅)” 之间是被动关系,即他被朋友们原谅,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + 过去分词,主语 he 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 was,forgive 的过去分词是 forgiven。故填was forgiven。
78.The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was (divide) between night and day.
【答案】division
【详解】考查名词。句意:太阳和月亮仿佛被抛向了天空,但很快,黑夜和白昼就分开了。there be句型中作主语,用divide的名词division ,意为“分开”为不可数名。故填division。
79.Last month, the shop assistant (charge) with cheating customers many times.
【答案】was charged
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:上个月,这个店员被指控多次欺骗顾客。此处为谓语动词,根据be charged with意为“被指控”可知,charge与主语the shop assistant 之间为被动关系,根据Last month可知,为一般过去时,所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数。故填was charged。
80.Unfortunately, elephants are endangered in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and (free).
【答案】freedom
【详解】考查名词。句意:不幸的是,在泰国大象濒临灭绝,但人们已经设立了特别的公园来保护它们的安全与自由。空处需填名词freedom作宾语,为不可数名词。故填freedom。
81. (dot) with countless stars, the night sky was a breathtaking view.
【答案】Dotted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:夜空点缀着无数的星星,景色令人叹为观止。句中已有谓语动词was,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,the night sky和dot为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式dotted,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Dotted。
82.Remember to have the electric car (charge) at night so that we can use it for the long journey tomorrow.
【答案】charged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:记得晚上给电动汽车充电,这样我们明天长途旅行就能用得上它。the electric car与charge为被动关系,用过去分词做宾语补足语。故填charged。
83.A number of people were (trap) in the burning building when the fire broke out.
【答案】trapped
【详解】考查语态。句意:火灾发生时,许多人被困在着火的大楼里。A number of people与trap为被动关系,本句为一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。
84.The (coverage) of the election was comprehensive.
【答案】coverage
【详解】考查名词。句意:选举的报道很全面。空处需填名词作主语,coverage意为“报道”,是抽象名词,不可数。故填coverage。
85.Climate change has increased (migrate) in some regions.
【答案】migration
【详解】考查名词。句意:气候变化增加了一些地区的移民。本空作has increased的宾语,应用名词形式migration“移民”。故填migration。
86.Our (capable) for giving care, love, and attention is limited.
【答案】capacity
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们给予关心、爱和关注的能力是有限的。本空作主语,应用名词形式capability“能力”,根据空后is可知,用单数形式。故填capability。
87.Barbara often makes a schedule to get herself (remind) of what she is to do in the day.
【答案】reminded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:芭芭拉经常制定一个时间表,让自己被提醒当天要做的事情。“get+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构,herself是宾语,remind和herself 之间是被动关系,即“她自己被提醒”,所以用过去分词reminded作宾语补足语。故填reminded。
88.Ignoring his boss’ warning, he kept lazy and careless at work. As a result, he was (dismiss) yesterday.
【答案】dismissed
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:他不顾老板的警告,在工作上还是懒散粗心。结果,他昨天被解雇了。he与dismiss为被动关系,应用过去分词,与空前was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填dismissed。
89.These days her daughter has had such a bad toothache that she has to make an (appoint) with a dentist.
【答案】appointment
【详解】考查名词。句意:最近她女儿牙疼得厉害,她不得不和牙医预约。固定搭配make an appointment with“与……预约”,名词appointment作宾语。故填appointment。
90.I made up my mind to major in English in the future after (consult) with my parents and teachers.
【答案】consultation
【详解】考查名词。句意:在与父母和老师商量后,我决定将来主修英语。空格处用名词作宾语,此处表示“商量”,名词是consultation,是不可数名词,故填consultation。
91.There were calls for her (resign) from the board of directors.
【答案】resignation
【详解】考查名词。句意:要求她辞去董事会职务的呼声不断。此处作宾语,且空前有形容词性物主代词,应用名词resignation“辞职”。故填resignation。
92.We take for granted that everyone should have the chance to be educated.
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意:我们认为理所当然的是:每个人都应该拥有获得教育的机会。此处作宾语,根据后文that引导的宾语从句可知,此处应用it作形式宾语,take it for granted that...“认为……是理所当然的”,故填it。
93.These merchants retired to another room for private (consult).
【答案】consultation
【详解】考查名词。句意:这些商人到另一个房间进行私下协商。空处需用名词作介词for的宾语,consult的名词为consultation“协商,磋商”,不可数。故填consultation。
94.With his mind (concentrate) on his work, he didn’t notice my appearance.
【答案】concentrated
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:由于他的注意力集中在工作上,他没有注意到我的出现。此处为“with +宾语+宾补”结构,动词concentrate与宾语his mind之间是被动关系,表示“注意力被集中”,因此需要使用过去分词形式concentrated。故填concentrated。
95.She comes from a (privilege) background.
【答案】privileged
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她出身优越。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词background,privilege的形容词是privileged,意为“享受特权的”。故填privileged。
96.She was sitting the shade of a big olive tree, and enjoyed a good time.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:她正坐在一棵大橄榄树的树荫下,享受着美好的时光。in the shade of是固定搭配,表示“在……的树荫/阴影下”。故填in。
97.There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes (fix) on the sink until it’s full.
【答案】fixed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在此过程中,你唯一能做的便是双目紧盯水槽,直至其注满为止。根据句意和空格前的keep both eyes可知,空格处应该用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,eyes与动词fix之间是被动关系,所以,应该用过去分词fixed作补足语。故填fixed。
98.Language (acquire) is a kind of language learning which takes place usually in an informal learning setting.
【答案】acquisition
【详解】考查名词。句意:语言习得是一种通常在非正式学习环境中进行的语言学习。作主语,用名词acquisition,不可数。故填acquisition。
99.I have (prior) over you in dealing with the stuff.
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意:我比你有优先权处理这件事。作动词的宾语,用名词priority,故填priority。
100.The teacher had special request for the (attend) of students and always took a roll call.
【答案】attendance
【详解】考查名词。句意:该教师对学生出勤有特殊要求,始终坚持课前点名。根据空格前的介词for可知,空格处应该用名词attendance作宾语。故填attendance。
考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇
1、 单词拼写50题
1.H (草药) are an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine.
【答案】Herbs/erbs
【详解】考查名词。句意:草药是中药的重要组成部分。根据中英文提示可知,空处应填名词herb“草药”作主语,结合“are”可知,此处应用名词复数形式作主语,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Herbs。
2.Feeling abandoned and g (内疚的), I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.
【答案】guilty/uilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:感到被抛弃和内疚,我穿上运动鞋去呼吸点新鲜空气。此处为形容词,与abandoned(感到被抛弃的)并列作系动词Feeling的表语,根据首字母“g”及汉语提示“内疚的”,应为形容词guilty,符合句意。故填guilty。
3.She stopped talking and grabbed my w (腕部), dragging me out of the room.
【答案】wrist/rist
【详解】考查名词。句意:她停止了说话,抓住我的手腕,把我拖出了房间。根据汉语提示和首字母w以及空格前的动词grabbed可知,空格处应该用名词wrist作宾语。故填wrist。
4.When Lily finished playing the piano, the audience couldn’t help but (鼓掌) loudly, showing their appreciation for her wonderful performance.
【答案】applaud
【详解】考查动词。句意:当莉莉弹完钢琴时,观众们忍不住大声鼓掌,表达他们对她精彩表演的欣赏。couldn’t help but do sth. 忍不住做某事;不得不做某事,其后接动词原形。“鼓掌”英文为applaud。故填applaud。
5.Social and p problems led to the outbreak of war.
【答案】political/olitical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:社会和政治问题导致了战争的爆发。此处为形容词作定语修饰problems,根据首字母“p”及“problems led to the outbreak of war.”可知,此处应为形容词political,意为“政治的”,与“social(社会的)”并列。故填political。
6.All the theories should be built on a f .
【答案】foundation/oundation
【详解】考查名词。句意:所有的理论都应该建立在一个基础之上。根据单词首字母以及句意“基础”以及上文不定冠词a,可知应填名词foundation的单数形式,在句中作介词on的宾语。故填foundation。
7.Bamboo is light because it is h .
【答案】hollow/ollow
【详解】考查形容词。句意:竹子很轻,因为它是中空的。分析句子可知,系动词is后应接形容词作表语;结合句意“中空的”及首字母h提示,对应的单词是hollow。故填hollow。
8.He would not accept his job for such a small s because he had to support a big family.
【答案】salary/alary
【详解】考查名词。句意:他不会接受这份薪水这么少的工作,因为他得养活一个大家庭。根据单词首字母以及句意“薪水”以及上文形容词small,可知应填名词salary,由不定冠词a可知,用单数形式,在句中作介词for的宾语。故填salary。
9.The book is a work of f and not intended as a historical account.
【答案】fiction/iction
【详解】考查名词。句意:这本书是虚构作品,并非旨在作为历史记载。根据单词首字母以及句意“虚构”以及上文介词of,可知应填名词fiction,“a work of fiction”为固定搭配,意为“虚构作品”,fiction为不可数名词,在句中作介词of的宾语。故填fiction。
10.The (压力) of work was so great for him that he decided to resign.
【答案】pressure
【详解】考查名词。句意:工作的压力对他来说太大了,他决定辞职。根据汉语提示“压力”以及空前的定冠词The和空后的of可知,此处应填名词pressure,pressure 表示“压力”时是不可数名词,在句中作主语。故填 pressure。
11.The incident has received wide (新闻报道) in the press.
【答案】coverage
【详解】考查名词。句意:该事件在媒体上得到了广泛的新闻报道。形容词wide后接名词形式,在句中作宾语。名词“新闻报道”英文为coverage。故填coverage。
12.The two leaders emerged for a photo (一段时间).
【答案】session
【详解】考查名词。句意:两位领导人现身合影留念。a photo session拍照的一段时间。故填session。
13.He is one of the nation’s (最著名的) scientists.
【答案】premier
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他是该国最著名的科学家之一。根据汉语提示“最著名的”可知,此处为形容词premier,作前置定语,修饰名词scientists。故填premier。
14.When I came into the old man’s room, I saw a picture was (悬;挂) on a nail on the wall.
【答案】suspended
【详解】考查动词。句意:当我走进老人的房间时,我看到墙上的一颗钉子上挂着一幅画。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“悬;挂”应用suspend,为动词,且这里应用过去分词与前面was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填suspended。
15.The birds returned to their nests and continued to (孵化)the eggs.
【答案】incubate/hatch
【详解】考查动词。句意:鸟儿们回到巢中继续孵蛋。设空处位于不定式符号to后面,所以要用动词原形;根据汉语提示可知,要填incubate/hatch。故填incubate/hatch。
16.It is anger that leads to (暴力) and loss of control.
【答案】violence
【详解】考查名词。句意:愤怒会导致暴力和失控。根据汉语提示,表示“暴力”用violence作leads to的宾语。故填violence。
17.He (感染) malaria while he was traveling in India.
【答案】contracted
【详解】考查动词。句意:他在印度旅行时感染了疟疾。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“感染”应用contract,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。故填contracted。
18.You sit here waiting for the call. (同时) I am making some arrangements.
【答案】Meanwhile
【详解】考查副词。句意:你坐在这儿等电话,同时我来做些安排。根据汉语提示“同时”可知,此处应用副词 meanwhile,在句中作状语,句首单词首字母需大写。故填Meanwhile。
19.The students claim to be willing (参与者) in the experiment.
【答案】participants
【详解】考查名词。句意:学生们声称愿意成为这个实验的参与者。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“参与者”应用participant,为可数名词,且由The students可知,这里应用名词复数作表语。故填participants。
20.They faced several strong o (对手) in the group stage matches.
【答案】opponents/pponents
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们在小组赛阶段遇到了几个强劲的对手。根据单词首字母和句意“对手”可知,此处应用名词opponent作宾语,several后应用复数。故填opponents。
21.The movie is so good that it d (应得) an award.
【答案】deserves/eserves
【详解】考查动词。句意:这部电影如此好,以至于它应得一个奖项。根据单词首字母和句意“应得”可知,应用动词deserve作从句谓语,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主谓一致,用三单。故填deserves。
22.Instead of losing (尊严), you would gain the respect for bravely admitting your mistakes.
【答案】dignity
【详解】考查名词。句意:勇敢承认错误,不会失去尊严,反而会获得尊重。根据汉语提示可知,此处应用名词dignity作宾语,不可数。故填dignity。
23.The old house was covered in (灰尘) after years of being empty.
【答案】dust
【详解】考查名词。句意:这栋老房子空置多年,布满了灰尘。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词dust“灰尘”为不可数名词,作宾语,满足句意要求。故填dust。
24.The agreement strengthened the (纽带) between the two countries.
【答案】bond/bonds
【详解】考查名词。句意:该协议加强了两国之间的纽带。根据汉语提示和定冠词the可知,表示“纽带”应用名词bond作宾语,为可数名词,根据句意,即可用单数,也可用复数。故填bond(s)。
25.They took up arms and fought for justice and (自由).
【答案】freedom
【详解】考查名词。句意:意为 “他们拿起武器,为正义和自由而战。根据汉语意思提示可知,表示“自由”为名词freedom,为不可数名词,作宾语,满足句意要求。故填freedom。
26.Others focus more on asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios, like working as a librarian or a (律师).
【答案】lawyer
【详解】考查名词。句意:其他人更注重让你对不同的工作场景进行评分,比如当图书管理员或律师。分析句子可知,设空处应填名词与librarian并列,根据汉语提示“律师”,其对应的单词是lawyer,且空前有不定冠词a,应用单数形式。故填lawyer。
27.My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we (拖着身体) ourselves down the mountain towards home.
【答案】dragged
【详解】考查动词。句意:当我们拖着身子下山回家时,我的肌肉酸痛,膝盖颤抖。根据句中时态可知,用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意可知,drag“拖”符合句意。故填dragged。
28.The government will not n (谈判,协商) with terrorists.
【答案】negotiate/egotiate
【详解】考查动词。句意:政府不会与恐怖分子谈判。结合首字母提示可知,“谈判,协商”应用动词negotiate,和will not构成谓语,时态为一般将来时,negotiate应用原形。故填negotiate。
29.The students were (深深吸引) by the scientist’s amazing experiments.
【答案】fascinated
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意:学生们被科学家惊人的实验深深吸引了。“深深吸引”作谓语,用动词fascinate,与主语The students之间是被动关系,用过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态were fascinated。故填fascinated。
30.The company plans to l (发行) a new line of products next month to attract more customers.
【答案】launch/aunch
【详解】考查动词。句意:该公司计划下个月推出一系列新产品,以吸引更多客户。根据中英文提示可知,此处使用动词launch,固定搭配plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故填launch。
31.The CEO had to (辞职) due to the company’s funding issue.
【答案】resign
【详解】考查动词。句意:由于公司资金方面的问题,这位首席执行官不得不辞职。根据汉语提示可知用动词resign,且位于不定式符号to之后,所以使用动词原形。故填resign。
32.Learning to have (仁慈,宽恕) on yourself is as important as forgiving others.
【答案】mercy
【详解】考查名词。句意:学会对自己仁慈和原谅别人一样重要。have mercy on...为固定短语,意为 “对…… 仁慈”,mercy 作have的宾语。故填mercy。
33.He felt that his team d (应受到) recognition for their outstanding performance in the project.
【答案】deserved/eserved
【详解】考查动词。句意:他觉得他的团队因在该项目中的出色表现而理应得到认可。根据中英文提示可知,空处应填动词deserve作谓语,由felt可知,句子时态是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填deserved。
34.The villagers were t by the floodwaters and had to be rescued by boat.
【答案】trapped/rapped
【详解】考查动词。句意:村民们被洪水困住了,只好靠船只被救了出来。根据句意和首字母t以及空格前的were可知,空格处应该用动词trap的过去分词形式trapped,构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。
35.She was able to attend the international competition because a foundation s (资助) her travel expenses.
【答案】sponsored/ponsored
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:她能够参加国际比赛,因为一个基金会赞助了她的旅费。“资助”为“sponsor”,在句中作谓语,由was able to可知事情发生在过去,要用一般过去时。故填sponsored。
36.Wouldn’t it be (贪婪的) to focus on money and fame rather than on something more meaningful?
【答案】greedy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:把注意力集中在金钱和名声上,而不是更有意义的事情上,这不是很贪婪吗?空格处用形容词作表语,“贪婪的”的形容词是greedy。故填greedy。
37.After the opening ceremony, students (解散) and straight away they ran happily to those games.
【答案】were dismissed
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:开幕式结束后,学生们被解散,立刻就高高兴兴地跑向那些比赛项目。根据汉语提示“解散”可知,应填动词dismiss,且此处主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文After the opening ceremony可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为students,be动词使用were。故填were dismissed。
38.The tennis player w (退出)from several tournaments due to injury
【答案】withdrew
【详解】考查动词。句意:这位网球选手因伤退出了几项锦标赛。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“退出”应用withdraw,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且这里时态应用一般过去时表过去情况。故填withdrew。
39.The p (平台) of the underground station is crowded during rush hours.
【答案】platform/latform
【详解】考查名词。句意:地铁站的月台在高峰时段很拥挤。根据句意及中英文提示可知,此处使用名词platform,表示“月台;站台”,根据后文的is可知,此处使用名词单数形式作主语。故填platform。
40.The government (公布,宣布) a state of emergency after the natural disaster hit the place.
【答案】declared
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:自然灾害袭击该地区后,政府宣布进入紧急状态。根据汉语提示可知,declare“公布,宣布”,动词作谓语,符合题意;由从句谓语动词hit可知,句子需用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填declared。
41.The scientist took a water (样本) to check if the ocean was polluted.
【答案】sample
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位科学家取了一份水样,以检查海洋是否受到了污染。根据汉语提示可知,sample“样本”,名词,由空前a可知,应使用名词单数形式,作动词took的宾语。故填sample。
42.She chose a (任意的) book from the library shelf and found a hidden poem written by a famous author.
【答案】random
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她从图书馆的书架上随意选了一本书,发现了一首著名作家写的隐藏的诗。根据汉语提示可知,random“任意的”,形容词作定语修饰名词book,符合题意。故填random。
43.With her arms (叠), the teacher stood, observing the work of her students.
【答案】crossed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:老师双臂交叉站着,观察学生们的作业。“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 为with复合结构,“her arms(她的双臂)” 与 “叠(cross)” 之间是被动关系,即双臂被交叉,所以用过去分词 crossed作宾语补足语。故填crossed。
44.Our members have the p of using the lending service of the library.
【答案】privilege/rivilege
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的会员享有使用图书馆借阅服务的特权。根据“Our members”和首字母提示可推知,会员享有“特权”,用名词privilege作宾语,不可数名词。故填privilege。
45.He studied chemistry and then switched to b .
【答案】biology/iology
【详解】考查名词。句意:他学的是化学,然后转到了生物学。介词to后接名词形式。根据首字母提示及句意,用名词biology,表示“生物学”之意。故填biology。
46.A grey carpet was r to reveal the original pine floor.
【答案】removed/emoved
【详解】考查动词。句意:移开一块灰色地毯,露出了原来的松木地板。根据首字母提示r可知,此处使用动词remove“移开”,与主语A grey carpet是被动关系,本空应用过去分词,与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填removed。
47.It’s never a good idea to take sleeping (药片) regularly.
【答案】tablets
【详解】考查名词。句意:经常服用安眠药绝不是个好主意。空处应用名词,作宾语;根据汉语提示,tablet表示“药片”,为可数名词,应用复数形式,表示泛指。故填tablets。
48.She risked her own life to help a d woman.
【答案】disabled/isabled
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她冒着生命危险去帮助一个残疾妇女。空白处在句子中修饰名词woman,使用形容词作定语。根据“risked her own life to help (冒着生命危险去帮助)”可推理出空白处应填表示“残疾的”含义的形容词,根据首字母提示,以字母d开头且表示“残疾的”含义的形容词为disabled,故填disabled。
49.He was ill in hospital and was (照料) by his daughter.
【答案】attended
【详解】考查动词。句意:他生病住院了,他的女儿在照顾他。“照顾”为动词attend,和主语he之间为被动关系,空处填过去分词和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填attended。
50.Come and help me s a good place for our camp.
【答案】select/elect
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:来帮我选一个露营的好地方。根据句意以及首字母提示可知,此处为动词select“选择”,help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”,所以此处为省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填select。
51.Wuhan declared (临时的) outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions on Jan. 23.
【答案】temporary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:1月23日,武汉宣布临时对外交通管制。修饰名词短语“outbound traffic restrictions”需用形容词作定语,根据汉语提示及句意,故填temporary。
2、 单句语法填空50题
1.People like her live among us, not differing conspicuously (明显地) from those who (instinctive) settle their affairs and figure out (precise) how, given their looks, their abilities, and their environment, they can do what they need to do in the world.
【答案】 instinctively precisely
【详解】考查副词。句意:像她这样的人就生活在我们中间,与那些本能地处理事务,并且根据他们的外貌、能力和环境精确地弄清楚他们如何能够在这个世界上做他们需要做的事情的人没有明显的不同。第一空,空处修饰动词settle,应用副词作状语,instinctive的副词形式为instinctively“本能地,天生的”;第二空,空处修饰动词短语figure out,应用副词作状语,precise的副词形式为precisely“精确地”。故填①instinctively;②precisely。
2.According to the editors of the new edition, Pinocchio is the second (frequent) translated work of fiction in the world. (The first is Saint-Exupéry’ s The Little Prince.) In the United States, its popularity spawned a variety of adaptations, some more moralistic, some more sentimental, and so on.
【答案】most frequently
【详解】考查副词最高级。句意:据新版小说的编辑说,《木偶奇遇记》是世界上翻译次数第二多的小说作品。(第一是Saint-Exupéry的《小王子》)。在美国,它的受欢迎程度催生了各种各样的改编作品,有些更具道德说教性,有些更伤感,等等。根据空前的the second和空后的translated可知,此处需用副词的最高级形式修饰translated;frequent的副词形式为frequently,frequently的最高级形式为most frequently。故填most frequently。
3.This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of (photograph) in the wild.
【答案】photography
【详解】考查名词。句意:由理查德・史密斯带领的这场内容丰富的徒步旅行,会向你介绍野外摄影的基本原理。所给词“photograph”是名词,意为“照片”或动词“拍照”。句中 “of”为介词,后接名词作宾语,结合语境 “野外摄影的基本原理”,此处需要表示“摄影”这一抽象概念的名词,“photography”是“摄影(术)”的意思,符合语法和语义要求。故填photography。
4.The boy (rank) first in the match is popular with his classmates.
【答案】ranking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在比赛中排名第一的那个男孩很受同学们欢迎。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词boy,rank为动词,意为“排名”,与逻辑主语the boy之间为主动关系,所以此处使用现在分词形式ranking。故填ranking。
5.Only when we find peace in our hearts can we find a (harmony) world.
【答案】harmonious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:只有当我们内心获得平静,我们才能发现一个和谐的世界。空处应用形容词,作定语修饰名词world;harmonious为形容词,表示“和谐的、融洽的”,符合句意。故填harmonious。
6.Her (brave) has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bravery
【详解】考查名词。句意:她的勇敢给了他继续生活和工作的意志。Her______作主语,谓语动词has是第三人称单数形式,故所填词用单数名词。brave是形容词,对应的名词是bravery。故填bravery。
7.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond (recognise).
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意:自从Sara还是个小女孩的时候我就没见过她了,她变得认不出来了。根据空前beyond可知,空处需用名词作介词beyond的宾语;recognise的名词形式是recognition,beyond recognition是固定短语,意为“认不出来”。故填recognition。
8.Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, (address) public meetings on this issue for years.
【答案】has been addressing
【详解】考查时态。句意:在该地区务农的Norman Stienwand多年来一直在就这一问题举行公开会议。根据时间状语for years和句意可知,句子描述Norman Stienwand多年来持续在公开会议上发言,动作从过去开始并可能仍在继续,且主语为第三人称单数,故用现在完成进行时(has been addressing)表示持续性动作。故填has been addressing。
9.For well over a hundred years the most (influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
【答案】influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在一百多年的时间里,最具影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的《英语词典》。根据空后“English dictionary”可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;influence的形容词influential“有影响力的”,符合题意,此处表示最具影响力的英语词典,用形容词最高级the most influential。故填influential。
10.Such structured thinking, followed by global (regulate), will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
【答案】regulation
【详解】考查名词。句意:这种结构化的思维,再加上全球性的监管,将使我们取得辉煌成就,而不是走向衰败。空前有形容词“global”修饰,需用名词形式,故用提示词的名词形式regulation作宾语表示“管理、监管”,在句中为不可数名词。故填regulation。
11.In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as (complicate) to process as the computer code.
【答案】complicated
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在错误的人手中,这样一本书可能会像计算机代码一样难以处理。空处需用形容词作表语,complicate的形容词为complicated“复杂的,难处理的”,as...as...“和……一样”是原级比较,故形容词应用原级。故填complicated。
12.They have declared to end (race) prejudice in areas such as employment.
【答案】racial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他们已宣布要在就业等领域消除种族歧视。修饰名词prejudice用形容词racial,作定语。故填racial。
13.He had promised to help me. (fortunate), he himself got into trouble.
【答案】Unfortunately
【详解】考查副词。句意:他答应过要帮助我。不幸的是,他自己也陷入了麻烦。此处应填副词作状语,修饰整个句子,他答应帮忙却又自己陷入麻烦,这是不幸的事,fortunate的副词形式为fortunately“幸运地”,其反义词为unfortunately“不幸地”。句首首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。
14.You can ask him about this question, for he is a (special) in this subject.
【答案】specialist
【详解】考查名词。句意:你可以问他这个问题,因为他是这方面的专家。空处应用名词作表语,special的名词形式为specialist“专家”,由a可知,应用单数形式,a specialist in...“……方面的专家”。故填specialist。
15.You should make a friend who will share your joys and (sorrow).
【答案】sorrows
【详解】考查名词。句意:你应该交一个与你同甘共苦的朋友。空处和joys并列作宾语,也应用名词复数形式,固定短语share joys and sorrows意为“同甘共苦”。故填sorrows。
16.Please keep the windows shut because she is very (sense) to the cold.
【答案】sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:请把窗户关上,因为她对寒冷非常敏感。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作表语,“be sensitive to”是固定搭配,意为“对……敏感”,sense的形容词形式是sensitive。故填sensitive。
17.It is high time to remove (restrict) on press freedom.
【答案】restrictions
【详解】考查名词。句意:是时候取消对新闻自由的限制了。 remove是动词,其后要接名词。restrict的名词要在其后加-ion。restriction是可数名词,表示“限制”,由于其前没有任何修饰语,要将其变为复数形式,表泛指。故填restrictions。
18.As a student (represent), she has done a good job.
【答案】representative
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为学生代表,她出色的完成了工作。作介词的宾语,用名词representative,不定冠词提示用单数。故填representative。
19.You should take more (physics) exercise if you want to stay healthy.
【答案】physical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你想保持健康,就应该多做体育锻炼。此处位于名词“exercise”前,需用形容词作定语,physics为名词,意为“物理学”,其形容词形式“physical”意为“身体的;物理的”,physical exercise表示“体育锻炼”,符合语境。故填physical。
20.I have learned how to swim under his (guide).
【答案】guidance
【详解】考查名词。句意:在他的指导下,我学会了游泳。作介词的宾语,用名词guidance,故填guidance。
21.At one time we met (frequent), but now we seldom see each other.
【答案】frequently
【详解】考查副词。句意:曾经我们频繁见面,但现在我们很少见面了。所填词作状语修饰谓语动词met,要用副词。frequent的副词要在词尾加-ly,故填frequently。
22.He is too (self) to share his things with you, so you can’t rely on him for help.
【答案】selfish
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他太自私了,不会和你分享他的东西,所以你不能指望他帮忙。此空应填形容词作表语,selfish,表“自私的”,符合语境。故填selfish。
23.On behalf everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词短语。句意:我代表在场的所有人,祝愿你归国途中心情愉快。短语on behalf of“代表”,符合句意。故填of。
24.Such is Zhang Guimei, who is definitely (worth) of my heartfelt admiration and respect.
【答案】worthy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这就是张桂梅,她绝对值得我衷心的钦佩和尊敬。 be worthy of是固定搭配,意为“值得……”。形容词作表语。故填worthy。
25.How are you? I’m happy to know you are in charge of a teenage art (exhibit) next month.
【答案】exhibition
【详解】考查名词。句意:你好吗?我很高兴得知你负责下个月的一个青少年艺术展览。此处需用名词作介词“of”的宾语,所给词“exhibit”作动词时意为“展览;展示”,其名词形式是exhibition,空前有不定冠词a,所以此处应用单数形式。故填exhibition。
26.In the garden we played games and listened to a report, from we knew more about the development of our city.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在花园里,我们玩游戏,听报告,从报告中我们更多地了解了我们城市的发展。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 a report,指物,且关系词在从句中作介词 from 的宾语,应用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
27.This is a crucial year for our future and our college life particular.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:这对我们的未来,尤其是我们的大学生活来说,是关键的一年。in particular为固定短语,意为“尤其,特别”,在句中起强调作用。故填in。
28.Some people are interviewing three (candidate) for the post of sales manager.
【答案】candidates
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:一些人正在面试三位销售经理职位的候选人。所给词“candidate”是可数名词,意为“候选人”,空前有基数词“three”(三个)修饰,所以此处使用candidate的复数形式是candidates。故填candidates。
29.For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to (critic) other people.
【答案】criticize/criticise
【详解】考查不定式。句意:对一个谦逊的人来说,最困难的事情之一或许就是批评他人。此处为不定式作表语,故空处应填动词原形,critic对应的动词是criticize/criticise,意为“批评”。故填criticize/criticise。
30.When Bob got (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.
【答案】absorbed
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:当鲍勃沉浸在他的音乐世界里时,他感觉自己仿佛能“看见”周围世界的美好,就像他前世那样。分析句子可知,空格处考查固定搭配get absorbed in,意为“全神贯注于、沉浸在……中”。absorbed是过去分词作表语,此处表示状态,符合语境。故填absorbed。
31.Karsts have been sculpted by wind and water and millions of years of erosion into these beautiful natural (sculpture).
【答案】sculptures
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:喀斯特地貌经过风、水和数百万年的侵蚀,被雕琢成了这些美丽的天然雕塑。sculpture作“雕塑品”讲时是可数名词,根据句中的these可知,此处应用其复数形式 sculptures,作into的宾语。故填sculptures。
32.A healthy diet contains adequate (day)amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables.
【答案】daily
【详解】考查形容词。句意:健康的饮食包含每天适量的新鲜水果和蔬菜。所填词作定语修饰复数名词amounts,所填词要用形容词。括号中的day是名词,对应的形容词是daily,表示“每天的”,符合句意。故填daily。
33.Every (challenge) who steps onto the stage, no matter what the result is, has already shown great courage in facing the difficulties.
【答案】challenger
【详解】考查名词。句意:每一个登上舞台的挑战者,无论结果如何,都已经展现了面对困难时的极大勇气。who steps onto the stage是who引导的定语从句修饰主语Every________,who引导定语从句时要修饰表示“人”的名词或代词,括号给的是表示“挑战”的动词,要将其变为表示“人”的名词challenger (挑战者),由于every要修饰单数可数名词,故填challenger。
34.To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective, you may express your (sympathetic) by, for instance, saying, “I understand how you feel…”
【答案】sympathy
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了让他或她参与讨论并使你的沟通更有效,你可以表达你的同情,例如说:“我理解你的感受……”。分析句子结构可知,形容词性物主代词your后应填名词,sympathy,表“同情”,这里为不可数名词,符合语境。故填sympathy。
35.The actors’ acting was so (real) that for a moment, the audience forgot their own world and was completely drawn into the story.
【答案】realistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:演员们的表演如此逼真,以至于有那么一刻,观众忘记了自己的世界,完全被吸引到故事中去了。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作表语,再结合句意“逼真的”为realistic。故填realistic。
36.This graceful dialogue, which (flow) from brushed fingertips and travelling for thousands of years, is continuing to this day.
【答案】has been flowing
【详解】考查时态。句意:这一段从指尖流淌,并传播了数千年的优雅对话,一直持续到今天。flow(流淌)作定语从句中谓语,与主语which(即先行词This graceful dialogue)之间是主动关系,根据时间状语“for thousands of years”可知,“流淌”这一动作从过去一直持续到现在,应用现在完成进行时,主语是单数名词,谓语用单数形式。故填has been flowing。
37.The team is made up players from various countries, creating a diverse group.
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词。句意:这支队伍由来自不同国家的球员组成,形成了一个多元化的群体。be made up of是固定短语,表示“由……组成”,符合题意。故填of。
38.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he paid us back by his (commit) to saving us from a slow but painful death.
【答案】commitment
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持活了下去,而且他用他的承诺回报我们,把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中解救出来。his是形容词性物主代词,因此空格处是名词,作介词by的宾语。commit的名词是commitment,是不可数名词。故填commitment。
39.It seems incredible to me that the question of how to arrange books on (shelf) could cause a lively online discussion.
【答案】shelves
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:对我来说,如何摆放书架的问题在网上引起了热烈的讨论,这似乎是不可思议的。shelf是可数名词,此处表示泛指“书架”,不止一个书架,应用其复数形式,作宾语。故填shelves。
40.In time, Tang Yin (1470—1524) gained (recognize) as one of the greatest artists China has ever known.
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意:随着时间的推移,唐寅(1470—1524)逐渐被世人认可为中国有史以来最杰出的艺术家之一。作动词的宾语,用名词recognition,故填recognition。
41.I get (refresh) through rock climbing, spend more time with my dad and get to meet new friends.
【答案】refreshed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我通过攀岩恢复精神,花更多的时间和爸爸在一起,认识新朋友。句中用“get+过去分词”结构,表示被动或状态。故填refreshed。
42.The government's new policies aim to promote (sustain) development by balancing economic growth with environmental protection.(
【答案】sustainable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:政府的新政策旨在通过平衡经济增长与环境保护来促进可持续发展。修饰名词development,用形容词sustainable用定语,意为“可持续的”。故填sustainable。
43.Cobby’s air travel decreased by 75% and she thought it was fairly (reward), a really positive change.
【答案】rewarding
【详解】考查形容词。句意:Cobby的航空旅行减少了75%,她认为这是相当值得的,一个真正积极的变化。空格处需要填一个形容词作表语,描述主语“it(指代前面提到的航空旅行减少这件事)”的性质或特征。所给词reward的形容词形式rewarding表示 “值得的;有益的”,符合语境。故填rewarding。
44.Claire tried to help by working on a light (suspend) from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder.
【答案】suspended
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:克莱尔想帮忙弄一盏悬挂在天花板上的灯,但她从梯子上摔了下来。分析句子结构可知suspend在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语a light构成被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填suspended。
45.If you are not interested in works of art by classical masters, contemporary art by (emerge) artists is also worthy of your attention.
【答案】emerging
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你对古典大师的艺术作品不感兴趣,新兴艺术家的当代艺术也值得你关注。此空应填形容词emerging作定语,修饰后面名词,emerging表“新兴的”。故填emerging。
46.When I shared my problem with her, she was very (sympathy) and offered to listen whenever I needed to talk.
【答案】sympathetic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当我和她分享我的问题时,她很有同情心,每当我需要倾诉时,她都愿意倾听。根据句意以及空前was为系动词可知,此处为形容词sympathetic“同情的,有同情心的”作表语,满足句意要求。故填sympathetic。
47.His success in learning a difficult language like Mandarin was largely due to his (persevere) in the face of setbacks.
【答案】perseverance
【详解】考查名词。句意:他能够成功掌握像普通话这样一门难度较大的语言,很大程度上是因为他在遭遇挫折时仍能坚持不懈。作介词的宾语,用名词perseverance,抽象概念,不可数。故填perseverance。
48.After a thorough investigation, the man was proven (innocence) of all charges and released.
【答案】innocent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:经过彻底的调查,该男子被证实完全无罪,并被释放了。此处为“prove+宾语+宾补”结构的被动形式,表示“无罪的”应用形容词innocent,作补足语。故填innocent。
49.Running a marathon requires incredible physical and mental (endure) to push through the pain and fatigue.
【答案】endurance
【详解】考查名词。句意:跑马拉松需要难以置信的身体和精神耐力来克服疼痛和疲劳。空格前为形容词“physical and mental”,需填入名词作宾语。“endure”的名词形式是“endurance”,意为“耐力”,满足句意要求。故填endurance。
50. response to a question about doctor-patient tensions, some blamed misleading media for harming society and spreading distrust.
【答案】In
【详解】考查介词。句意:在回答一个关于医患关系紧张的问题时,一些人指责误导性的媒体危害社会并传播不信任。in response to是一个固定短语,意为“作为对……的回应”,在句首作状语,首字母大写。故填In。
题型一 阅读理解
1
(2025·北京市海淀区·二模)When I arrived at the Sign Language Center in Manhattan for my first American Sign Language (ASL) class, a man took one look at my hesitant posture and held up some fingers. One? Two? I put up one finger, and he directed me to the Level 1 class. It was disorienting: Class time was strictly “voices off” to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.
Learning ASL in the early weeks was a culture shock and a bruise to my ego. As a writer, I pride myself on a certain facility with language. I was taught that there’s a perfect combination of words that can most precisely communicate any thought. With ASL, I expected to feel similarly, and thought fluency would come once I collected a critical mass of signs. The first thing you learn in ASL class is the alphabet. As my classmates and I asked and answered questions using words we didn’t have the signs for, those early weeks were filled with laborious spelling. It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.
Over time, I picked up on new conventions, like waving a hand or stomping on the ground to get someone’s attention. My fingers stalled as they reached for new shapes, and I struggled to differentiate very similar looking signs. Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word “desperate”. “ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,” he told me. “If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,” he added — it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.
I’ve been attending ASL classes for almost two years. Initially, my reason was trivial: a childhood fascination with “secret languages”. While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.
24.How did the author feel in the first ASL class?
A.Frustrated. B.Confused. C.Anxious. D.Hesitant.
25.What made the author embarrassed when learning the alphabet?
A.Putting on smiling facial expressions. B.Being made fun of in front of the class.
C.Waving a hand to get someone’s attention. D.Misspelling and respelling words repeatedly.
26.According to the passage, what can we learn about ASL?
A.It’s a universal language system across cultures. B.It conveys more emotions than verbal language.
C.It requires a combination of signs and emotions. D.It has a direct translation of signs for every word.
27.What has the author learned from her learning experience?
A.The body is what gives language life. B.Diction is what gives language flavour.
C.Fluency comes from the mastery of signs. D.ASL prioritizes precision over communication.
【答案】24.B 25.D 26.C 27.A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在纽约曼哈顿的手语中心学习美国手语的经历,以及在这个过程中对语言和沟通方式的新认识。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was disorienting: Class time was strictly ‘voices off’ to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.(这让人感到困惑:课堂时间严格要求“禁止说话”,以鼓励沉浸式学习并尊重聋人教师。没有说话的能力,我的同学们和我所能做的只是微笑和点头,同时吸收新词汇)”可知,作者在第一堂课上感到困惑。故选B项。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.(这很尴尬:看到十几张礼貌地微笑的脸看着我,我慢慢地拼写、拼错并重新拼写单词——通常多次——这本身就是一种折磨)”可知,作者在学习字母表时,因为反复拼错和重新拼写单词而感到尴尬。故选D项。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word ‘desperate’. ‘ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,’ he told me. ‘If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,’ he added— it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.(最终我意识到,当你用手语交流时,措词不如你如何体现你所传达的内容重要。我曾问一位老师如何用手语表达‘绝望’。‘ASL并没有每个英语单词的直接翻译,’他告诉我。‘如果你想用手语表达‘绝望’,你可能只需要用手语表达‘想要’,但要通过适当的面部和身体姿势来表达你的绝望。如果你的脸上一点也没有表现出沮丧,那么用手语表达‘沮丧’是没有意义的,’他补充说——这就像用单调的语调说话,却声称你很生气)”可知,ASL需要结合手势和情感来传达信息。故选C项。
27.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.(尽管ASL可能并不完全与英语共享词汇,但这并不意味着它缺乏精确性。我学到的是,它的精确性在于肢体语言)”可知,作者从学习经历中学到的是,肢体语言在手语中很重要,即身体是赋予语言生命的。故选A项。
2
(2025·北京市顺义区·一模)Imagine you’re driving down the highway and notice that you are running low on fuel. Your GPS shows 10 gas stations ahead on your route. Naturally, you want the cheapest option. Do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? You won’t double back, so you face a now-or-never choice. What strategy maximizes $$
第02讲 人教版选择性必修全四册词汇练透
目录
01 课标达标练
考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇
考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇
考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇
考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查选择性必修一词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.To prevent harmful habits from d (支配) a teenager’s life is essential.
【答案】dominating/ominating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:防止有害的习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。根据句意和中英文提示可知,空处应填动词dominate“支配”,且空处作介词from的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填dominating。
2.U (最终), my duty is helping every student to learn.
【答案】Ultimately/ltimately
【详解】考查副词。句意:最终,我的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。根据中英文提示可知,空处应填副词ultimately“最终”作状语,修饰整个句子,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Ultimately。
3.A good (新闻工作者) should have strong communication skills and a sense of responsibility.
【答案】journalist
【详解】考查名词。句意:一个好的记者应该有很强的沟通技巧和责任感。结合不定冠词A和汉语提示,用单数名词journalist作主语。故填journalist。
4.The latest (创新) in smartphone technology allows for faster charging.
【答案】innovation
【详解】考查名词。句意:智能手机技术的最新创新实现了更快的充电。根据汉语提示“创新”以及上文形容词最高级latest和后文is,可知应填名词innovation,空处作主语,此处表示单数概念。故填innovation。
5.His shyness is a b to making new friends and he often finds it difficult to start conversations with strangers.
【答案】barrier/arrier
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的害羞是结交新朋友的障碍,而且他经常发现很难和陌生人开始交谈。根据单词首字母以及句意可知,此处应填名词barrier,barrier为可数名词,空前有不定冠词a,所以此处用单数形式作表语。故填barrier。
6.When you go near the (自动的) door, it opens by itself.
【答案】automatic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当你靠近自动门时,它会自动打开。根据括号中的汉语提示,表示“自动的”用形容词automatic作定语,修饰名词door。故填automatic。
7.What's more, his (激情, 热情) for teaching and friendliness to students make learning with him a really enjoyable experience.
【答案】passion
【详解】考查名词。句意:此外,他对教学的热情和对学生的友好使和他一起学习成为一种非常愉快的经历。分析句子可知,设空处应填名词作主语,结合汉语提示 “激情,热情”,应用 passion,为不可数名词。故填 passion。
8.I gave him a warning that he mustn't quit such a (可靠的) job.
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我警告他绝不能放弃这样一份可靠的工作。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词修饰名词 job,结合汉语提示 “可靠的”,应用 reliable。故填 reliable。
9.At first, it was challenging to do so, but I started by setting small goals and (逐渐地)increased my reading time.
【答案】gradually
【详解】考查副词。句意:起初,这样做很有挑战性,但我从设定小目标开始,逐渐增加了我的阅读时间。分析句子可知,设空处应填副词修饰动词 increased,结合汉语提示 “逐渐地”,应用 gradually。故填 gradually。
10.Apart from my (学术的) studies, I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
【答案】academic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:除了学术学习之外,我总是设法为我感兴趣的事情找到时间。根据汉语提示“学术的”可知,应填形容词 academic,作定语修饰名词 studies。故填 academic。
11.Yesterday, the doctor i (坚持,坚持认为) that she should stay in hospital for two months.
【答案】insisted/nsisted
【详解】考查动词。句意:昨天,医生坚决要求她住院两个月。根据中英文提示可知用动词insist,作谓语,结合上文Yesterday可知为一般过去时。故填insisted。
12.Charlie Chaplin’s life and career were full of ups and downs, but his (天赋) was second to none.
【答案】genius
【详解】考查名词。句意:查理·卓别林的生活和事业充满了起起落落,但他的天赋是首屈一指的。“天赋”是genius,是不可数名词,作主语。故填genius。
13.The E-car sales chart has shown a (清晰) growth in the past few months.
【答案】distinct
【详解】考查形容词。句意:过去几个月,电动汽车销量图表显示出了明显的增长。设空处修饰名词growth,应用形容词作定语,根据汉语提示,故填distinct。
14.It is (公认的) that smoking is harmful to your health.
【答案】recognized
【详解】考查形容词。句意:人们公认吸烟有害健康。根据汉语提示“公认的”可知,应填形容词 recognized,构成固定句型“It is recognized that...”,表示 “人们公认……”。故填 recognized。
15.The new smart watch is equipped with (集成) sensors that monitor heart rate and sleep quality.
【答案】integrated
【详解】考查形容词。句意:新款智能手表配备了集成传感器,可以监测心率和睡眠质量。空处修饰名词sensors,应填形容词作定语,结合汉语提示可知,integrated“集成的”,形容词,符合题意,故填integrated。
16.He (推断) from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident.
【答案】inferred
【详解】考查动词。句意:他从这篇文章中推断出飞行员对这起事故负有责任。根据汉语提示“推断”可知,用动词infer。事情发生在过去,时态应用一般过去时,谓语用过去式inferred。故填inferred。
17.The movie set used (人造) snow to create a winter scene in summer.
【答案】artificial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:电影布景用人造雪在夏天营造出冬天的场景。空处修饰名词snow,应填形容词作定语,表示“人造的”使用形容词artificial。故填artificial。
18.I suppose I was looking for an (职业) which was going to be an adventure.
【答案】occupation
【详解】考查名词。句意:我想我当时在寻找一种充满冒险的职业。“职业”常见英文表达为“occupation”,根据空前不定冠词“an”可知,此处用名词单数形式作宾语。故填occupation。
19.In a wired world with (持续不断的) global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
【答案】constant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在一个全球通信不断的有线世界里,我们都有能力看到天才的闪光,无论他们出现在哪里。名词communication前用形容词修饰。形容词“持续不断的”英文为constant。根据汉语提示及句意,故填constant。
20.Some students give up when they e (遇到) difficulties, while others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn.
【答案】encounter/ncounter
【详解】考查动词。句意:有些学生在遇到困难时就放弃了,而另一些能力稍逊的学生则会继续努力学习。根据中英文提示可知用动词encounter,根据上文give up可知为一般现在时,主语为they,谓语用原形。故填encounter。
21.Scientists need to e (评估) how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.
【答案】evaluate/valuate
【详解】考查动词。句意:科学家们需要评估这种新材料的抗磨损能力,以证明它的价值。此处为动词作谓语,根据汉语提示“评估”及首字母“e”可知,应为动词evaluate,need to后接动词原形。故填evaluate。
22.The company was f (建立,创立) by a new graduate.
【答案】founded/ounded
【详解】考查动词。句意:这家公司是由一名应届毕业生创立的。根据首字母和中文提示可知,以字母 f 开头且表示 “建立,创立” 含义的动词为 found,且主语 The company 与动词 found 之间是被动关系,此处应使用过去分词形式 founded和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填 founded。
23.Howard is on the school football team. He is a faithful and c (忠实的) member of the team.
【答案】committed/ommitted
【详解】考查形容词。句意:霍华德是学校足球队的一员。他是球队里忠诚可靠的一员。根据首字母c及汉语提示“忠实的”可知,本空用形容词committed,修饰名词member,作前置定语。故填committed。
24.Welfare payments c (停止,中止) as soon as an individual starts a job.
【答案】cease/ease
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意:一旦个人开始工作,福利补贴就会停止。此处为动词作谓语,根据汉语提示“停止,中止”及首字母“c”可知,应为动词cease,此处为谓语动词,as soon as引导时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时表将来,主句可用一般现在时,表示客观事实或一般将来时,表将来动作,主语“Welfare payments”是复数,一般现在时中用原形cease;一般将来时中用will cease,该句中提示词的首字母“c”,所以此处只能使用动词原形。故填cease。
25.Before submitting his final essay, he spent another hour p (修改;润色) the conclusion to make his argument clearer and more persuasive.
【答案】polishing/olishing
【详解】考查动词。句意:在提交最终论文之前,他又花了一个小时来润色结论部分,以使自己的论点更加清晰、更具说服力。根据中英文提示可知用动词polish,上文为短语spend time doing sth.,空处应用动名词作宾语。故填polishing。
26.Our findings have far-reaching c (后果) for researchers.
【答案】consequences/onsequences
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的发现对研究人员有深远的后果。此处为名词作宾语,根据汉语提示“后果”及首字母“c”可知,应为名词consequence,且为可数名词,结合语境,研究发现的后果通常不止一个,所以此处应用复数形式consequences。故填consequences。
27.Now that c (冲突) have come up, we need to think about how to resolve them quickly.
【答案】conflicts/onflicts
【详解】考查名词。句意:既然冲突已经出现,我们需要考虑如何快速解决它们。此处为名词作主语,根据汉语提示“冲突”及首字母“c”可知,应为名词conflict,结合句中谓语动词“have come up”可知,此处应为conflict的复数conflicts。故填conflicts。
28.Yogurt is a good source of calcium (钙) for anymore, and especially good for people who have trouble d milk.
【答案】digesting/igesting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:酸奶是任何人的钙的良好来源,尤其是对那些消化牛奶有困难的人。根据a good source of calcium for anymore可知,此处指尤其对那些消化牛奶有困难的人来说,空处应用动词digest表示“消化”,have trouble (in) doing意为“做某事有困难”,所以此处应用动名词形式digesting作宾语。故填digesting。
29.About fifteen minutes a day for a week or two usually makes an (巨大的) difference.
【答案】enormous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:每天15分钟,坚持一两个星期,通常会有很大的不同。名词difference前用形容词修饰。形容词“巨大的”英文为enormous。故填enormous。
30.What you have just said at the meeting may be i as a signal of shutting down the project.
【答案】interpreted/nterpreted
【详解】考查动词。句意:你刚才在会议上说的话可能被理解为是终止这个项目的一个信号。根据首字母“i”及语境可知,此处表示“被理解为”,interpret有“理解,诠释”之意,且句子主语What you have just said与interpret是被动关系,结合空前的may be,这里用过去分词interpreted。故填interpreted。
31.She laughed, which didn’t really seem an a response for that occasion
【答案】appropriate/ppropriate
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她笑了,这似乎不是那种场合的恰当反应。根据“She laughed”和for that occasion可知,此处指在那种场合不是恰当的反应,空处应用形容词appropriate表示“恰当的”,作定语修饰名词response。故填appropriate。
32.The legs should be gently (伸展) in this exercise.
【答案】stretched
【详解】考查动词。句意:在这个练习中,腿应该轻轻地伸展。“伸展”常见英文是stretch。根据句子结构,legs和stretch之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态。故填stretched。
33.After those silly things he did last night, Jack felt so e to see me.
【答案】embarrassed/mbarrassed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:杰克昨晚做了那些蠢事之后,见到我感到很尴尬。设空处接在系动词后,应用形容词作表语,根据首字母和句意可知是embarrassed,意为“感到尴尬的”,故填embarrassed。
34.She moved quietly to avoid s (惊吓) the birds away.
【答案】scaring/caring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她轻轻地移动,以免吓跑鸟儿。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“避免做某事”,“害怕”为scare,在句中作avoid的宾语,要用动名词形式。故填scaring。
35.By 2028, two-thirds of the world’s population may face water s (短缺).
【答案】shortage/hortage
【详解】考查名词。句意:到2028年,全球三分之二的人口可能面临水资源短缺。根据句意和首字母及汉语提示可知,空处应填名词shortage“短缺”作宾语,此处表抽象概念,不可数。故填shortage。
36.The community garden focuses on growing o (有机的,绿色的) vegetables for local families.
【答案】organic/rganic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:社区花园专注于为当地家庭种植有机蔬菜。根据首字母o及汉语提示“有机的,绿色的”可知,本空用形容词organic,修饰vegetables,作前置定语。故填organic。
37.The loud music from the party next door began to d (使分心) me from my studying.
【答案】distract/istract
【详解】考查动词。句意:隔壁聚会传来的喧闹的音乐开始使我在学习时分心。根据首字母d及汉语提示“使分心”可知,本空用动词distract,位于不定式符号to后,用动词原形。故填distract。
38.Einstein was regarded as a g for his revolutionary theories in physics.
【答案】genius/enius
【详解】考查名词。句意:爱因斯坦因其在物理学领域的开创性理论而被誉为天才。根据单词首字母以及句意可知用名词genius,作宾语,不定冠词提示用单数。故填genius。
39.Every child has the (潜力) to succeed; it’s up to educators to help them unlock it.
【答案】potential
【详解】考查名词。句意:每个孩子都有成功的潜力,能否帮助他们发掘这种潜力,取决于教育工作者。根据句意和中文提示,表示“潜力”应用potential,为不可数名词,在本句中作宾语。故填potential。
40.It’s important to d (区分) between fact and opinion when evaluating information.
【答案】distinguish/istinguish
【详解】考查动词。句意:在评估信息时,区分事实和观点是很重要的。根据句意及中英文提示可知,此处使用动词distinguish,固定句型it is important to do sth.“做某事很重要”,to为不定式符号,空处需填动词原形。故填distinguish。
41.My assistant is now d (演示) the machine in action.
【答案】demonstrating/emonstrating
【详解】考查动词。句意:我的助手正在演示这台机器的运行情况。根据汉语提示“演示”及首字母提示可知,空处应用动词demonstrate,结合语境及时间状语now可知,此处表示动作正在发生,应用现在进行时,空前有is,所以空处应用动词的现在分词形式。故填demonstrating。
42.With over 2, 500 bikes stored in our five rental shops, we make sure there is always a bike (可获得的) for you.
【答案】available
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们的五家租车店存放了超过2500辆自行车,确保总有一辆自行车供你使用。“可获得的”修饰名词词组a bike,用形容词available作后置定语。故填available。
43.We should c (承诺) ourselves to protecting cultural relics.
【答案】commit/ommit
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们应该承诺保护文物。根据中英文提示“承诺”以及首字母“c”,此处应填入动词“commit”,“commit oneself to doing sth.”为固定搭配,意为“承诺做某事”,结合空前should情态动词可知,为动词原形。故填commit。
44.There is no sense (争论) about this matter.
【答案】arguing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:争论这件事没有意义。根据汉语提示可知,表示“争论”应用动词argue,There is no sense (in) doing sth.为固定句型,意为“做某事没有意义”,所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填arguing。
45.Located in the heart of the city, this (植物学的) garden is a heaven for nature lovers.
【答案】botanical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这座植物园位于市中心,是自然爱好者的天堂。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“植物学的”应用botanical,为形容词,在本句中作定语修饰后面名词。故填botanical。
46.The new sensor can (发现) even the slightest movement in the dark.
【答案】detect
【详解】考查动词。句意:这种新型传感器在黑暗中也能发现极其微小的运动。根据汉语提示,并结合句子主语“The new sensor(新的传感器)”以及句意可推知,应是动词“detect”,意思是“发现、察觉、检测”,特别适用于仪器或传感器。在句中“can detect”作谓语。故填detect。
47. (显然), this new generation of wireless technology will transform people’s lives.
【答案】Apparently
【详解】考查副词。句意:显然,这一新一代的无线技术将会彻底改变人们的生活方式。根据汉语提示可知用副词apparently,修饰后文句子,首字母大写。故填Apparently。
48.Speed is the e (必不可少的、基本的) ingredient of all athletics.
【答案】essential/ssential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:速度是所有田径运动的基本要素。根据中英文提示可知,此处使用形容词essential“必不可少的,基本的”,作定语,修饰名词ingredient。故填essential。
49.Price is determined through the i (相互作用) of demand and supply.
【答案】interaction/nteraction
【详解】考查名词。句意:价格是由需求与供给之间的相互作用所决定的。根据汉语提示和首字母i以及空格前的介词through可知,空格处应该用名词interaction作宾语。故填interaction。
50.Discouraging the students’ a for easy rewards is a matter of urgency.
【答案】appetite/ppetite
【详解】考查名词。句意:抑制学生对容易得到的奖励的欲望是当务之急。分析句子结构可知,students’后接名词形式,在句中作宾语,名词appetite,表示“强烈欲望,渴望”之意。故填appetite。
二、单句语填50题
51.He is determined to commit (he) to the cause of education.
【答案】himself
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:他决心献身于教育事业。作宾语,和主语he为同一主体,用反身代词,“commit oneself to...”是固定短语,意为“致力于;献身于”。故填himself。
52.Whether or not you qualify for a loan will depend on your financial (circumstance).
【答案】circumstances
【详解】考查名词。句意:你是否有资格获得贷款将取决于你的财务状况。根据句意可知,此处表示“财务状况”,通常用circumstance复数形式circumstances,表示一系列的情况或条件。作宾语。故填circumstances。
53. conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.
【答案】In
【详解】考查介词。句意:总之,我喜欢春天的一切,尤其是沐浴在雨水和阳光下的感觉。in conclusion意为“总之”,位于句首,首字母大写。故填In。
54.The (during) of the moon covering the sun, carefully calculated by astronomers, drew huge crowds to special viewing areas.
【答案】duration
【详解】考查名词。句意:天文学家精确计算出的月球遮住太阳的持续时间吸引了大量人群前往专门的观星区域。此处作主语,用名词duration,意为“持续时间”。故填duration。
55.Transitioning to farming methods that protect nature requires (consider) large first investment in basic facilities but brings important environmental benefits over time.
【答案】considering
【详解】考查动名词。句意:向保护自然的农业方法转型需要考虑在基础设施方面的大量初始投资,但随着时间的推移会带来重要的环境效益。谓语动词“requires”后需接动名词作宾语,require doing sth.为固定用法,意为“需要做某事”,consider的动名词形式为considering,符合语境。故填considering。
56.I can (vivid) remember the feeling of panic.
【答案】vividly
【详解】考查副词。句意:我还清楚地记得恐慌的感觉。空格处用副词vividly修饰动词remember,vividly意为“生动地”,故填vividly。
57.The doctor emphasized the (urgent) of the surgery as soon as possible, allowing no delay.
【答案】urgency
【详解】考查名词。句意:医生强调尽快进行手术的紧迫性,不允许有任何延误。根据空前“the”以及空后“of”可知,此处需用名词作宾语,urgent的名词为urgency“紧迫性”,the urgency of...“……的紧迫性”,固定搭配。故填urgency。
58.At supper, Heidi’s eyes were (swollen) and it was still hard for her to keep from crying.
【答案】swollen
【详解】考查形容词。句意:吃晚饭时,海蒂的眼睛肿了,她还是忍不住要哭。根据空前“Heidi’s eyes were”可知,此处需用形容词作表语,swell是动词,意为“肿胀”,其形容词形式是swollen,表示“肿胀的”。故填swollen。
59.The police listened patiently to the (victim) statement and carefully recorded every detail of the case.
【答案】victim’s
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意:警察耐心地听取了受害者的陈述,并仔细记录了案件的每一个细节。修饰名词statement,应用名词所有格形式,victim的名词所有格是victim’s。故填victim’s。
60.The key to mastering a skill lies in the (consistent) of daily practice.
【答案】consistency
【详解】考查名词。句意:掌握一项技能的关键在于日常练习的持续性。分析句子结构可知,介词后应填名词作宾语, consistency,意为“一致性;连贯性;持续性”,为不可数名词,符合语境。故填consistency。
61.A smart (consume) always compares prices before making a purchase
【答案】consumer
【详解】考查名词。句意:一个精明的消费者在购物前总会比较价格。空前的“a smart”提示此处应填可数名词单数形式,所给词“consume”是动词,意为“消费”,其名词形式consumer意为“消费者”,符合语境。故填consumer。
62.Motivation matters in everything we do, and language learning is no (exceptional).
【答案】exception
【详解】考查名词。句意:动机在我们所做的每件事中都很重要,语言学习也不例外。no exception是固定短语,意为“也不例外”,此处应用名词exception,作表语。故填exception。
63.The (elegant) dressed woman appeared to be in her late seventies.
【答案】elegantly
【详解】考查副词。句意:那个穿着优雅的女士看起来有七十多岁了。空处修饰过去分词dressed,此处相当于形容词,描述“woman”的状态,应用副词形式elegantly修饰,作状语,意为“优雅地”。故填elegantly。
64.Her job is ( justify) the company’s new policy to the public.
【答案】justifying
【详解】考查动名词。本句为主系表结构,主语是Her job,系动词是is,空处作表语,需用动名词形式,动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作,一般说明主语的内容,即justifying the company’s new policy to the public是她的工作。故填justifying。
65.The freezing night (frost) the grass, turning the lawn into a glittering white carpet overnight.
【答案】frosted
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:寒冷的夜晚使草结了霜,一夜之间草坪变成了闪闪发光的白色地毯。分析句子可知,设空处应填动词作谓语,根据语境及后文turning可知,此处描述的是过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,frost的过去式为frosted,符合语境。故填frosted。
66.When he came to the finishing line, tired and out of breath, the crowd burst into (thunder) applause.
【答案】thunderous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当他到达终点线时,又累又喘不过气来,人群爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。空处表示“雷鸣般的”应用形容词thunderous,作定语修饰名词applause。故填thunderous。
67.Her slippers were old and a bit worn out, but very . (comfort)
【答案】comfortable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她的拖鞋虽然有些老旧且磨损严重,但非常舒适。空处与old and a bit worn out并列,用形容词作表语,表示“舒适的”用comfortable。故填comfortable。
68.Her is to become a leading expert in environmental science. (ambitious)
【答案】ambition
【详解】考查名词。句意:她的志向是成为环境科学领域的顶尖专家。空处作主语,用名词,ambitious为形容词,对应的名词为ambition“抱负,野心,志向”,不可数名词。故填ambition。
69.He bought an extra sweater in the (anticipate) that the evening would turn freezing cold.
【答案】anticipation
【详解】考查名词。句意:他多买了一件毛衣,以为晚上会很冷。空处应填名词作in的宾语,故填anticipation。
70.He came up with a few reasonable (suggest) at the discussion.
【答案】suggestions
【详解】考查名词。句意:他在讨论会上提出了一些合理的建议。此处为名词作宾语,根据句中a few可知,其后应接可数名词复数形式,suggest的名词suggestion的复数形式为suggestions,意为“建议”。故填suggestions。
71.You could have bought this furniture at a more (reason) price.
【答案】reasonable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你本可以以更合理的价格买下这套家具。设空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词price,再结合句意“合理的”是reasonable。故填reasonable。
72.It was (freeze) cold, and two men were (freeze) to death.
【答案】 freezing frozen
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:天气冷得刺骨,有两个人被冻死了。freezing cold表示“极冷的”,描述天气的寒冷程度。所以第一空填freezing。 be frozen to death是固定短语,意为“被冻死”,frozen是freeze的过去分词形式,这里是被动语态,所以第二空填frozen。 故填freezing;frozen。
73.Traditional culture provides a (motivate) for the constant development of the country.
【答案】motivation
【详解】考查名词。句意:传统文化为国家的不断发展提供了动力。设空处前有a修饰,应用名词单数作宾语,表示“动力”,故填motivation。
74.The shop (assist) received me indifferently while leaning on a counter.
【答案】assistant
【详解】考查名词。句意:店员靠着柜台,冷淡地接待了我。空后为谓语动词received,所以此处需用名词作主语,所给词“assist”为动词,意为“帮助”,其名词形式是assistant,意为“助手;店员”,shop assistant意为“店员”,结合句意用单数。故填assistant。
75.By the end of June 2023, Stephen Curry (win) the NBA Championship four times.
【答案】had won
【详解】考查时态。句意:截至2023年6月底,斯蒂芬·库里的NBA总冠军头衔已累计获得四次。设空处作谓语,Stephen Curry作主语;由时间状语By the end of June 2023可知,本句表示动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时,故填had won。
76.All over the world, the spirit of (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
【答案】sharing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在世界各地,无论是何种节日,分享喜悦、感恩、爱或和平的这种精神都是普遍存在的。作介词的宾语,用动名词形式,故填sharing。
77.I attended a (present) by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school.
【答案】presentation
【详解】考查名词。句意:我在高中时参加了野生动物保护主义者格兰特・布朗的一场演讲。作动词的宾语,表示“演讲”用名词presentation,不定冠词提示用单数。故填presentation。
78.I remember (lock) the door before I left home, but now it’s wide open.
【答案】locking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我记得离家前锁了门,但现在门是大开着的。此处为非谓语动词作宾语,remember doing sth.,意为“记得做过某事”(动作已完成),remember to do sth.意为“记住去做某事(动作未发生)”,根据“before I left home, but now it’s wide open.”表明“锁门”这一动作已经发生,强调记得曾经完成的“锁门”行为,所以此处使用动名词形式locking作宾语。故填locking。
79.This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
【答案】laying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这包括先挖开路面,铺设轨道,然后在顶部搭建坚固的顶棚。完成这些步骤后,就更换了路面。谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。
80.The fingerprint was a solid (prove) of his presence at the crime scene.
【答案】proof
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个指纹无疑证明了他确实在犯罪现场。根据空格前的was a solid可知,空格处应该用单数名词proof作表语。故填proof。
81.The boy was very honest. He admitted (break) the window of the classroom.
【答案】breaking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个男孩很诚实。他承认打碎了教室的窗户。分析句子结构,空格处需填入非谓语动词作admitted的宾语,“admit doing sth.”为固定搭配,表示“承认做过某事”可知,此处使用break的动名词形式作宾语。故填breaking。
82.Not all problems (arise) from social discrimination can be addressed through communication.
【答案】arising
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:并非所有由社会歧视引发的问题都可以通过沟通解决。本句谓语为can be addressed,此处为非谓语动词,作定语,修饰problems。arise“产生,出现”与problems之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,作后置定语。故填arising。
83.It is no use (complain) the bad weather, so we had better figure out a good idea to get there on time.
【答案】complaining
【详解】考查动名词。句意:抱怨天气不好是没有用的,所以我们最好想个办法准时到达那里。“It is no use doing sth.”是固定句型,意为“做某事是没有用的”,It作形式主语,动名词短语作真正主语,所以此处应填complain的动名词形式complaining。故填complaining。
84.Employers look favorably at (apply) who have rich work experience.
【答案】applicants
【详解】考查名词。句意:雇主对拥有丰富工作经验的申请者评价较高。根据空前的介词at可知,此处应填名词作宾语,结合语境“拥有丰富工作经验的……”可知,此处指“申请者”,应用apply的名词applicant。空处需要名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填applicants。
85.The (adapt) process varies from person to person.
【答案】adaptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:适应过程因人而异。空格处需作定语修饰名词process,因此要用所给词adapt“适应”的名词形式adaptation,adaptation process表示“适应过程”。故填adaptation。
86.As soon as he got out of the car, he went straight into the hall without (greet) anyone.
【答案】greeting
【详解】考查动名词。句意:他一下车就径直走进大厅,谁也没打招呼。without是介词,空格处用动名词作宾语,故填greeting。
87.Does the library subscribe the journals which are recommended by our teachers?
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意:图书馆订阅老师推荐的期刊吗?subscribe to“订阅”,是固定短语,符合题意。故填to。
88.The rescue team (consist) of dozens of soldiers rescued several survivors from the ruins with local residents.
【答案】consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由几十名士兵组成的救援队与当地居民一起从废墟中救出了几名幸存者。本句中rescued是谓语动词;所给动词consist 在句中作后置定语,修饰名词rescue team;动词短语consist of意为“由……组成的”,不使用被动形式,与所修饰名词为主动关系,应使用现在分词形式。故填consisting。
89.After a long academic preparation, he got the (qualify) to be an agent.
【答案】qualification/qualifications
【详解】考查名词。句意:经过长时间的学术准备,他获得了当经纪人的资格。此处作动词宾语,应用名词qualification“资格”,单复数都符合句意。故填qualification或qualifications。
90.Another was that cholera was caused by an (infectious) from germs in food or water.
【答案】infection
【详解】考查名词。句意:另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。an后接名词infection“传染病,感染”作by宾语,冠词an提示用名词单数形式。故填infection。
91.Today young people’s continuous (expose) to this spirit has made it become a culture symbol.
【答案】exposure
【详解】考查名词。句意:如今,年轻人不断接触这种精神,使其成为一种文化象征。空处作句子的主语,用expose的名词形式exposure“接触”。故填exposure。
92.It is likely native Americans moved to California at least 15,000 years ago
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:很可能至少在15000年前,美洲原住民移居到了加利福尼亚。此处是固定句型“It is likely that…”,其中it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。故填that。
93.In an (exception) case, a student might change his major when permitted by the president of the college.
【答案】exceptional
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在特殊情况下,经学院院长批准,学生可以更改专业。此处需用形容词修饰名词case,exception的形容词形式为exceptional,表示“特殊的,例外的”。故填exceptional。
94.We must make (mass) efforts to improve the situation.
【答案】massive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们必须付出巨大的努力来改善这种情况。根据空格后的名词efforts可知,此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词efforts。mass的形容词形式为massive,意为“大量的,巨大的”。故填massive。
95.It’s obvious that he denied (copy) the design of others and defended himself.
【答案】copying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意:很明显他否认抄袭了别人的设计,并为自己辩护。deny后需接动名词形式作宾语。故填copying。
96.By the time his father died of cancer, Jack (forgive) him for childhood abuse.
【答案】had forgiven
【详解】考查时态。句意:直到父亲死于癌症时,杰克已经原谅了父亲童年时的虐待。根据上文By the time his father died of cancer可知表示过去的过去,为过去完成时,故填had forgiven。
97.Using some (technique), Peking Opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe.
【答案】techniques
【详解】考查名词。 句意:运用了一些技巧,京剧已经将一个小舞台变成了整个宇宙。 technique为可数名词,且有some修饰,用复数形式techniques。 故填techniques。
98.The reason why Apple holds the largest market share in overseas smartphone industry is it stills maintains technological advances.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意:苹果公司之所以能在海外智能手机行业占据最大的市场份额,是因为它仍然保持着技术上的领先。分析句子,该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句,解释reason的具体内容,从句是一个陈述句,成分完整,应填that;名词reason作主语时,其表语从句使用that引导,The reason....is that....句型。故填that。
99.By the end of last month, the school (equip) all the laboratories with the latest scientific instruments.
【答案】had equipped
【详解】考查动词时态。 句意:到上个月末,学校已经为所有实验室配备了最新的科学仪器。时间状语by the end of last month表示“截止到上个月末”,强调过去某个时间点之前完成的动作,需用过去完成时(had + 过去分词)。故填had equipped。
100.The teacher’s strict rules prevented the students from (chat) during class.
【答案】chatting
【详解】考查动名词。句意:老师严格的规定阻止了学生们在课堂上聊天。prevent sb. from doing sth. 为固定短语,意为“阻止某人做某事”,from 是介词,后面接动名词作宾语,chat的动名词形式为chatting。故填chatting。
考向02 考查选择性必修二词汇
一、单词拼写50题
1.In the second group of states, direct i (干涉,干预) in the economy was limited.
【答案】intervention/ntervention
【详解】考查名词。句意:在第二组国家中,对经济的直接干预是有限的。此处为名词作主语,根据汉语提示“干涉,干预”及首字母“i”可知,应为名词intervention,结合谓语动词was limited可知,此处为名词单数形式。故填intervention。
2.He has always wanted to be a like her father, who worked for a local newspaper before retirement.
【答案】ambitious/mbitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他一直想成为像她父亲那样有抱负的人,她父亲退休前在一家当地报纸工作。空处用于to be之后,使用形容词,与be构成系表结构,结合首字母提示以及句中worked for a local newspaper before retirement可知,此处表示像她的父亲一样有抱负的人,使用形容词ambitious,表示“有抱负的”,符合题意。故填ambitious。
3.The company’s s (稳定的) growth over the past five years has attracted the attention of many investors.
【答案】steady/teady/stable/table
【详解】考查形容词。句意:该公司过去五年的稳定增长吸引了众多投资者的注意。根据首字母及汉语提示可知,此处使用形容词stable或steady,修饰名词growth,作定语。故填steady或stable。
4.Finding a personal connection to the task can often m (激励) individuals to push through challenges.
【答案】motivate/otivate
【详解】考查动词。句意:找到与任务的个人联系通常可以激励个人克服挑战。空处应用动词原形,与can构成情态动词的谓语结构。表示“激励”用motivate。故填motivate。
5.It’s easy to b (责怪) the weather for a bad day, but sometimes it’s just our perspective that needs adjusting.
【答案】blame/lame
【详解】考查动词。句意:很容易责怪坏天气导致了一天心情不好,但有时只是我们的视角需要调整。空处应用动词原形,与It’s easy to构成不定式作真正的主语,表示“责怪”用blame。故填blame。
6.The scientific theory was too c (难懂的,复杂的) for most students to grasp without additional help from their teacher.
【答案】complicated/complex/omplicated/omplex
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个科学理论太复杂了,如果没有老师额外的帮助,大多数学生都无法理解。根据首字母c及汉语提示“难懂的,复杂的”可知,本空可用形容词complicated/complex,作表语。故填complicated/complex。
7.She devoted her life to helping earthquake (受害者) rebuild their homes and lives.
【答案】victims
【详解】考查名词。句意:她毕生致力于帮助地震灾民重建家园和生活。根据汉语提示“受害者”可知,此处为名词victim,作宾语,结合下文“their homes and lives.”可知,使用名词复数形式。故填victims。
8.The (最精彩的部分) of the concert was when the lead singer invited a fan on stage to sing along.
【答案】highlight
【详解】考查名词。句意:这场音乐会的最精彩的部分是主唱邀请一位粉丝上台一起演唱的时候。根据汉语提示“最精彩的部分”可知,此处为名词highlight,作主语。故填highlight。
9.Snow (改变) the way scientists study diseases.
【答案】transformed
【详解】考查动词。句意:斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。根据汉语提示可知用动词transform,主句描述过去的动作,使用一般过去时。故填transformed。
10.Her i (最初的) reaction to the news was shock, but she soon calmed down.
【答案】initial/nitial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她听到这个消息的最初反应是震惊,但很快就平静了下来。结合首字母提示可知,“最初的”应用形容词initial,作修饰reaction的定语。故填initial。
11. (伸展) your muscles properly before the intense basketball practice is crucial to prevent injuries and improve flexibility.
【答案】Stretching
【详解】考查动词。句意:在激烈的篮球训练之前适当地伸展你的肌肉是防止受伤和提高灵活性的关键。分析句子结构可知,句中缺少主语,所以用动名词作主语。“伸展”英文为stretch,其动名词为stretching。故填Stretching。
12.The (持续时间) of the school sports meeting was unexpectedly extended by two hours due to the exciting final relay race.
【答案】duration
【详解】考查名词。句意:由于激烈的最后接力赛,学校运动会的持续时间出乎意料地延长了两个小时。The+名词+of。用名词形式在句中作主语。名词“持续时间”英文为duration。根据汉语提示及句意,故填duration。
13.Guilt (消耗) him, biting his insides hardly until he could barely eat.
【答案】consumed
【详解】考查动词。句意:内疚消耗着他,让他内心很难受,直到他几乎吃不下东西。空处作谓语,“消耗”应用动词consume,结合“until he could barely eat”可知,主句描述过去发生的事,时态应用一般过去时。故填consumed。
14.The tiny room was s with generations of forgotten belongings — dusty furniture, old trunks, and yellowed books — leaving almost no space to move.
【答案】stuffed/tuffed
【详解】考查动词。句意:这个小房间塞满了几代人遗忘的物品——积灰的家具、旧箱子和发黄的书籍——几乎连移动的空间都没有。空处和was搭配作谓语,结合“leaving almost no space to move”和首字母提示可推知,动词stuff意为“装满,填满”符合题意,stuff和主语之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,短语be stuffed with意为“被……塞满,被……填满”。故填stuffed。
15.Before making the dish, you need to (切) off the pork.
【答案】slice
【详解】考查动词。句意:在做这道菜之前,你需要把猪肉切片。根据提示的汉语,表示“切”为slice,位于不定式符号to之后接动词原形。故填slice。
16.During the fast-paced lecture, it was challenging to (掌握) all the main ideas, so I focused on taking clear notes to review later.
【答案】grasp
【详解】考查动词。句意:在节奏很快的讲座中,要掌握所有的主要观点很有挑战性,所以我集中精力做好清晰的笔记以便之后复习。根据汉语提示“掌握”,此处应用动词grasp,且“it is +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定句型,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,所以这里用动词原形grasp。故填grasp。
17.When the fire alarm rang, students felt the classroom in p (恐慌).
【答案】panic/anic
【详解】考查名词。句意:当火警响起时,学生们感到教室里一片恐慌。根据句意及中英文提示可知,此处使用名词panic,作介词in的宾语,panic为不可数名词。故填panic。
18.The train b for Shanghai will depart from Platform 3 in ten minutes.
【答案】bound/ound
【详解】考查形容词。句意:开往上海的火车将在10分钟后从3号站台开出。be bound for开往; 准备到……去,在句中作定语,修饰名词train。故填bound。
19.The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more (有雄心的) when we graduate.
【答案】ambitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们学校的校长希望我们毕业时能更有雄心壮志。根据汉语提示“有雄心的”可知应填形容词ambitious,作表语。故填ambitious。
20.The (离开,退出) of a traditional craftsman from the industry may lead to a loss in the transmission of cultural heritage knowledge.
【答案】departure
【详解】考查名词。句意:传统工匠离开该行业可能会导致文化遗产知识传播的损失。根据汉语提示“离开,退出”可知,空格处涉及单词“departure”,意为“离开,退出”,为不可数名词,作主语。故填departure。
21.Athletes have to train continuously to stay in p condition.
【答案】peak/eak
【详解】考查形容词。句意:运动员必须不断训练以保持良好的状态。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用形容词peak“最佳的,巅峰状态的”,作定语,修饰名词condition。故填peak。
22.We are determined to d our motherland at all costs.
【答案】defend/efend
【详解】考查动词。句意:我们决心不惜任何代价保卫我们的祖国。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处使用动词defend“保卫”,be determined to do sth.“决心做某事”,to是不定式符号,后接动词原形。故填defend。
23.This tooth feels very (松的).
【答案】loose
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这颗牙齿感觉很松。根据汉语提示“松的”可知,此处使用形容词loose,作表语。故填loose。
24.He suffered s brain damage after an accident.
【答案】severe/serious/evere/erious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他在一次事故后遭受了严重的脑损伤。根据句意“严重的”和首字母提示“s”可知,此处为形容词severe/serious作定语,修饰名词brain damage。故填severe/serious。
25.Disagreement a about exactly how to plan the show.
【答案】arose/rose
【详解】考查动词。句意:关于如何准确规划这场演出,出现了分歧。根据首字母提示a可知,此处表示“出现”,应用动词arise,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,所以时态用一般过去时,谓语用arise的过去式arose。故填arose
26.There has been a progressive (减少) in population every year in this city.
【答案】decrease
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个城市的人口每年都在逐渐减少。progressive是形容词,修饰名词,“减少”的名词是decrease,空前有a,空格处用单数,故填decrease。
27.Would you like to run to the h to look at the ships?
【答案】harbour/arbour
【详解】考查名词。句意:你愿意跑到港口去看船吗?根据look at the ships以及常识可知,看船要去港口,设空处应用名词harbour,意为“港口”,作介词to的宾语。故填harbour。
28.The colour of the curtains doesn’t go with the colour of the c .
【答案】carpet/arpet
【详解】考查名词。句意:窗帘的颜色与地毯的颜色不相配。根据句意以及首字母提示可知,此处为名词carpet“地毯”,作介词of的宾语。故填carpet。
29.As you enter each z , the time changes one hour.
【答案】zone/one
【详解】考查名词。句意:当你进入每个时区时,时间会变化一个小时。根据“the time changes one hour”和首字母提示可知,此处为名词zone,意为“时区”,作宾语。由each可知,应用名词单数形式。故填zone。
30.V tend to be good at surviving when a computer system crashes.
【答案】Viruses/iruses
【详解】考查名词。句意:当计算机系统崩溃时,病毒往往很善于生存。句中用名词作主语,根据首字母提示及句意,用名词virus,表示“病毒”之意,根据谓语动词tend可知,用名词的复数形式。故填Viruses。
31.Coconut is a basic (成分) for many curries.
【答案】ingredient
【详解】考查名词。句意:椰子是许多咖喱的基本成分。“成分”作表语,用名词ingredient,有不定冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填ingredient。
32.Parts of the cave have been badly affected by rain and (使暴露) to the air.
【答案】exposure
【详解】考查名词。句意:洞穴的部分区域受到了雨水的严重侵蚀以及暴露在空气中的影响。空处应用名词,与“rain”并列作介词“by”的宾语;exposure为名词,表示“暴露”,符合句意。故填exposure。
33.The children stopped b their father after they were allowed to play games.
【答案】bothering/othering
【详解】考查动词。句意:孩子们被允许玩游戏后,就不再打扰他们的父亲了。结合句意和首字母提示可知,动词bother“打扰”符合,stop doing sth.“停止做某事”是固定搭配,故空处用该动词的动名词形式作宾语。故填bothering。
34.The book described the a of desert species to the hot conditions.
【答案】adaptation/daptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:这本书描述了沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应。根据句意和首字母提示可知,空处应填名词adaptation“适应”,作动词described的宾语,此处特指对炎热环境的适应。故填adaptation。
35.The function of our immune system is to prevent bacteria or g from entering the body.
【答案】germs/erms
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的免疫系统的功能是防止细菌或病菌进入身体。空处和bacteria并列作宾语,结合句意和首字母提示可知,名词germ“病菌”符合题意,可数名词,此处用复数形式表泛指。故填germs。
36.The boy was too shy to p in the heated discussion.
【答案】participate/articipate
【详解】考查动词。句意:这个男孩太害羞了,不敢参加激烈的讨论。由“in the heated discussion”可知,句子表示“这个男孩太害羞了,不敢参加激烈的讨论”,空格处意为“参加”,由首字母提示p可知,是participate,too...to do...是固定结构,意为“太……而不能……”,因此空格处用动词原形,故填participate。
37.The boy’s father is to blame for (宠坏) him.
【答案】spoiling
【详解】考查动词。句意:这男孩的父亲应该为溺爱他而受到责备。表示“宠坏”使用动词spoil,应用动名词作介词for的宾语,故填spoiling。
38.They welcomed this move but said that (总体上) the changes didn’t go far enough.
【答案】overall
【详解】考查副词。句意:他们欢迎这一举措,但表示总体上这些改变还不够。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填副词overall,表示“总体上”,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子。故填overall。
39.Although Xiaoshenyang is famous all over the country, he is still quite (谦虚的).
【答案】modest
【详解】考查形容词。句意:尽管小沈阳闻名全国,但他仍然相当谦虚。句中 is为系动词,后接形容词作表语,modest 意为“谦虚的”。故填modest。
40.Organic meat and (奶制的) products usually cost more than other products.
【答案】dairy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有机肉类和奶制品通常比其他产品贵。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为形容词dairy“奶制的”作定语修饰products,满足句意要求。故填dairy。
41.Literature can be divided into two main (种类): fiction and nonfiction.
【答案】categories
【详解】考查名词。句意:文学可以分为两大类:小说和非小说。根据句意和汉语提示“种类”,空处应填名词category的复数形式categories,作宾语,因为前面有two main修饰,表示“两大类”。 故填categories。
42. (理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner.
【答案】Ideal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:理想的学习时间是晚饭后或晚饭前刚放学的时候。根据句意和汉语提示“理想的”,空处应填形容词ideal,作定语修饰名词短语study times,表示“理想的学习时间”,句首单词首字母大写。 故填Ideal。
43.It’s not just a little (诀窍) that you can pick up in half an hour.
【答案】trick
【详解】考查名词。句意:这不是你半小时就能学会的小诀窍。根据句意和汉语提示“诀窍”可知,空处应填名词trick。空前的不定冠词a表明用名词单数形式。故填trick。
44.New goals are not always (一致的) with the existing policies.
【答案】consistent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:新的目标并不总是与现有政策相一致。该空需要一个形容词作表语,形容词consistent意为“一致的”,be consistent with表示“与……一致”符合题意。故填consistent。
45.Most of the Australian family food (预算) is being spent on junk foods and drinks that are high in fat, sugar and salt.
【答案】budget
【详解】考查名词。句意:大多数澳大利亚家庭的食物预算都花在了高脂肪、高糖和高盐的垃圾食品和饮料上。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填名词budget“预算”,作介词of的宾语。故填budget。
46.You thought about the author’s conclusions and (有逻辑地) analyzed his arguments.
【答案】logically
【详解】考查副词。句意:你思考了作者的结论,并逻辑地分析了他的论点。根据句意和汉语提示“有逻辑地”,空处应填副词logically,作状语修饰动词analyzed,表示“逻辑地分析”。 故填logically。
47.In order to solve the issue, you can look at it from many different (角度).
【答案】angles
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了解决这个问题,你可以从许多不同的角度来看待它。根据句意和汉语提示“角度”,空处应填名词angle作宾语。由于前面有many different修饰,表示“许多不同的角度”,因此应用名词复数形式angles。故填angles。
48.Nothing in the world would make sense if you are (沮丧).
【答案】depressed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你心情低落,那么世界上的一切都将变得毫无意义。空处为形容词,表示“沮丧的”用depressed,作表语,表示人的主观感受。故填depressed。
49.Some people (认同) to the belief that technology is making us less intelligent, while others argue that it is simply changing the way we think.
【答案】subscribe
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:一些人认同技术正在使我们变得不那么聪明的观点,而另一些人则认为它只是在改变我们的思维方式。根据汉语提示可知,表示“认同”应为动词subscribe,subscribe to“认同,赞同”为固定短语;根据句意和空后的while others argue可知,此处描述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,主语Some people为复数,谓语动词用原形。故填subscribe。
50.Setting specific and c learning goals is one way to make lifelong learning a habit.
【答案】concrete/oncrete
【详解】考查形容词。句意:设定具体且明确的学习目标是养成终身学习习惯的一种方式。根据句意和首字母c以及空格前的specific可知,空格处应该用形容词concrete与specific并列作定语,修饰下文的learning goals。故填concrete。
51.My plane had been d for five hours due to the storm.
【答案】delayed/elayed
【详解】考查动词。句意:由于暴风雨,我的飞机已经延误了五个小时。根据句意和首字母可知,空处为delay,和主语plane为被动关系,空处填过去分词和had been构成过去完成时的被动语态。故填delayed。
52.Jack cleared his (喉咙) and spoke in low, polite tones to the rest of the students.
【答案】throat
【详解】考查名词。句意:杰克清了清他的喉咙,然后用低沉而礼貌的语气对其他学生说话。根据汉语提示“喉咙”可知,此处应填名词throat,作宾语,且此处为单数意义,故填throat。
53.When eating breakfast in a hurry, he (窒息) on a piece of toast.
【答案】choked
【详解】考查时态。句意:匆忙吃早餐时,他被一片吐司噎住了。根据汉语提示“窒息”,以及句子结构可知,此处需填动词作谓语。choke表示“窒息,噎住”,符合语境。结合时间状语“When eating breakfast in a hurry(匆忙吃早餐时)”,此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,故填choked。
54.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the (相反的事情) to our intention.
【答案】contrary
【详解】考查名词。句意:过于急切地想要推动一件事情的发展往往会导致与我们的意图相反的结果。根据汉语提示“相反的事情”可知,此处应用名词contrary,作介词in的宾语。故填contrary。
55.She felt there was something wrong, but couldn’t give (清楚易懂的) reasons.
【答案】coherent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她觉得哪里不对劲,但说不出有条理的理由。“清楚易懂的”英文表达为 coherent,在句中作定语修饰 reasons,故填coherent。
56.We could just see the outline of the house in the distance through the (薄雾) .
【答案】mist
【详解】考查名词。句意:透过薄雾,我们只能看到远处房子的轮廓。空处作宾语,结合汉语提示可知,名词mist符合题意,为不可数名词。故填mist。
57.He (对比) the two different economic systems in his speech.
【答案】contrasted
【详解】考查动词。句意:他在演讲中对比了这两种不同的经济体系。根据汉语提示“对比”及句子结构可知,此处应为动词contrast,由语境可知,演讲是已经发生的动作,句子时态为一般过去时,所以需用contrast的过去式contrasted。故填contrasted。
58.They didn’t reach the b until it was dark.
【答案】border/order
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们直到天黑才到达边境。根据单词首字母和句意“边境”可知,用名词border作宾语。故填border。
59.Ella drew the c and switched the light on.
【答案】curtains/urtains
【详解】考查名词。句意:埃拉拉上窗帘,然后打开了灯。根据句意和首字母可知,此空应填curtain,表“窗帘”,为可数名词,再由语境可知,这里可用复数形式暗指多个窗帘,作宾语。故填curtains。
60.When the old man was young, he was fond of (闲逛) in the street.
【答案】wandering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当这位老人年轻时,他喜欢在街上闲逛。根据空前介词of和汉语提示“闲逛”可知,空处应填动名词wandering作宾语,be fond of doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填wandering。
2、 单句语法填空50题
1.His to science has inspired many young researchers. (commit)
【答案】commitment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他对科学的奉献激励了许多年轻的研究者。空前的His是形容词性物主代词,后需接名词。commit对应的名词形式是commitment,意为“奉献;投入”,这里为不可数名词,作主语。故填commitment。
2.His (conclude) was based on years of research.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意:他的结论是基于多年的研究得出的。空处需用名词作主语;conclude的名词为conclusion“结论”,结合was可知此处特指他的一个结论,名词需用单数。故填conclusion。
3.The of this plant is used to treat many diseases. (extract)
【答案】extract
【详解】考查名词。句意:这种植物的提取物被用来治疗许多疾病。空处需用名词作主语;extract作名词,表示“提取物”,不可数名词,符合题意。故填extract。
4.The scientist explained the steps of the experiment. (distinct)
【答案】distinctly
【详解】考查副词。句意:这位科学家清晰地阐述了实验的步骤。修饰动词explain用副词distinctly,故填distinctly。
5.Whenever in trouble, religion gave him a sense of (secure).
【答案】security
【详解】考查名词。句意:每当遇到困难时,宗教会给他一种安全感。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语,secure的名词形式为security“安全”,a sense of security为固定短语,意为“安全感”。故填security。
6.This course is too (salt). Please do something about it.
【答案】salty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这道菜太咸了。请想办法改善一下吧。表示“咸的”,作表语,用形容词salty,故填salty。
7.His (prefer) is that he should play football with his classmates.
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:他更愿意和同学一起踢足球。空处为主语,和is保持一致,应用名词单数,故填preference。
8.During the war, many people (flee) the country and never returned.
【答案】fled
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:战争期间,许多人逃离了这个国家,再也没有回来。空处和returned并列,作谓语,句子时态为一般过去时,因此用flee“逃离”的过去式fled。故填fled。
9.They were preparing for the (entertain) of the guests.
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们正在准备招待客人。作介词的宾语,用名词entertainment,故填entertainment。
10.The boy’s simple question made all the people present (embarrass).
【答案】embarrassed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个男孩的简单提问让在场的所有人都感到尴尬。作宾补,修饰people用形容词embarrassed,故填embarrassed。
11.From your words I reach the (conclude) that you didn’t attend the lecture.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意:从你的话里,我得出了你没有参加讲座的结论。分析句子结构可知,此空应填名词,conclusion,表“结论”,符合语境,reach the conclusion,是固定搭配,意为“得出结论”。故填conclusion。
12.A (warn) message will be given as soon as there is any danger.
【答案】warning
【详解】考查形容词。句意:一旦有任何危险,就会发出警告信息。根据空后名词message可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;warn的形容词形式为warning,意为“警告的”。故填warning。
13.You must make sure that your source of information is (rely).
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你必须确保你的信息来源是可靠的。根据空前is可知,空处需用形容词作表语;rely的形容词形式为reliable,意为“可靠的,可信赖的”。故填reliable。
14.You have to face the (real) that she is (real) a cheat.
【答案】 reality really
【详解】考查名词和副词。句意:你必须面对她确实是个骗子这个现实。第一空:根据空前定冠词the可知,空处需用名词作face的宾语,real的名词为reality“现实”,此处特指她是个骗子这个现实,名词需用单数;第二空:空处需用副词作状语修饰系动词is,强调她确实是个骗子这一事实,real的副词为really“确实,真正地”,符合题意。故填①reality;②really。
15.You can lose weight by (jog) half an hour every morning.
【答案】jogging
【详解】考查动名词。句意:你可以通过每天早上慢跑半小时来减肥。根据空前by可知,空处需用动名词形式作宾语;jog的动名词形式是jogging,意为“慢跑”。故填jogging。
16.Not only can we appreciate (number) appealing weaving works ranging from chairs to decorations, but also we’ll watch the documentary concerning the history of the weaving art.
【答案】numerous
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们不仅能欣赏到从座椅到装饰品等众多极具吸引力的编织作品,还能观看一部关于编织艺术历史的纪录片。空处修饰名词词组“appealing weaving works”,结合句意可知,形容词numerous“大量的”符合题意。作定语。故填numerous。
17.She made a (predict) that China will be one of the first countries that rid of the financial crisis.
【答案】prediction
【详解】考查名词。句意:她预测中国将是首批摆脱金融危机的国家之一。空处应填名词作宾语,predict的名词形式是prediction,意为“预测”,为可数名词,根据a可知,此处应用其单数形式。故填prediction。
18.I am writing to tell you about some symptoms of (anxious) among us students before exams.
【答案】anxiety
【详解】考查名词。句意:我写信是想告诉你我们学生在考试前的一些焦虑症状。空处需用名词作介词about的宾语,anxious的名词形式是anxiety,为不可数名词,意为“焦虑”。故填anxiety。
19.To me, I can almost pay everything via a mobile phone, such as transportation, food and (entertain). (所给词适当形式填空)
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:对我来说,我几乎可以通过手机支付一切,比如交通、餐饮和娱乐。空格处用名词作宾语,entertain的名词是entertainment,是不可数名词,意为“娱乐”。故填entertainment。
20.It’s vital we should take effective measures to protect the environment.
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意:我们采取有效措施保护环境是至关重要的。此处为连接词引导的主语从句,句中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句,从句中不缺成分,且句意完成,所以此处使用连接词that,在从句中仅起连接作用。故填that。
21.Isaacson interviewed hundreds of Steve Jobs’ friends and relatives to sum up Jobs’ (remark) life.
【答案】remarkable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:艾萨克森采访了史蒂夫・乔布斯的数百位亲友,以总结乔布斯非凡的一生。此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词,remarkable,表“非凡的”,为形容词。故填remarkable。
22.The students’ creativity, which comes from their everyday experiences, will make their science project a (real).
【答案】reality
【详解】考查名词作宾补。句意:学生们的创造力来自于他们的日常经历,这将使他们的科学项目成为现实。动词make后接复合宾语,设空处充当宾语their science project的宾语补足语;根据句意可知,设空处意为“现实”,且空前有不定冠词a,所以要用名词形式reality,构成固定表达make sth. a reality,意为“使……成为现实”。故填reality。
23.Our company’s marketing strategies this year will have multiple (emphasis), including social media promotion and brand building.
【答案】emphases
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:我们公司今年的营销策略将有多个重点,其中包括社交媒体推广和品牌建设。空处需填名词作宾语,根据上文multiple可知,空处为复数。故填emphases。
24.The factory, whose energy (consume) is strictly monitored by the government, has adopted new eco-friendly technologies.
【答案】consumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:这家工厂采用了新的环保技术,其能源消耗受到政府的严格监控。空格处需要名词作主语,且由形容词性物主代词whose修饰,consume为动词,意为“消耗”,其名词形式为consumption,意为“消耗”,是不可数名词。故填consumption。
25.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
【答案】absence
【详解】考查名词。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。此处为名词作宾语,根据空前的“thanks to (to为介词)”和定冠词“the”可知,此处应用absent的名词形式absence,为不可数名词,意为“缺乏,没有”,且the absence of...为固定搭配,意为“……的缺乏/不存在”,符合语境。故填absence。
26.The company’s success was built on the (assume) that demand would continue to grow.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意:该公司的成功建立在需求将持续增长的假设之上。根据空前定冠词the及空后“that demand would continue to grow”可知,空处应用名词assumption,表示“假设”,作介词on的宾语,on the assumption that是固定短语,意为“假定……;在……的假设之下”。故填assumption。
27.With my strong (academy) background, I am competent and qualified for the job.
【答案】academic
【详解】考查形容词作定语。句意:凭借我扎实的学术背景,我完全有能力胜任这份工作。academy是个名词,意思是“学院”,横线后有名词,说明应该将它变成形容词,从而充当定语,其形容词是academic。故答案是academic。
28.As a leading (novel), Tom has got a lot of attention and is enjoying a good reputation.
【答案】novelist
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为一名顶尖的小说家,汤姆备受关注且享有良好声誉。空处作宾语,需用名词形式,表示“小说家”应用novelist,不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填novelist。
29.The accident serves as a warning to all wilderness lovers about the potential dangers that can lead to (bite) by poisonous insects in the wild.
【答案】being bitten
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这起事故给所有野外爱好者敲响了警钟,提醒他们野外可能存在被毒虫叮咬的危险。that引导的定语从句的谓语为can lead to,此处为非谓语动词,lead to中的to为介词,且bite“叮,咬”和其逻辑主语all wilderness lovers之间为被动关系,故用动名词的被动形式being bitten,作宾语。故填being bitten。
30.You should postpone (make) a decision until you have more information.
【答案】making
【详解】考查动名词。句意:你应该等到掌握了更多的信息再做决定。分析句子可知,此处为动词短语postpone doing sth“推迟做某事”,所以此处为动名词形式。故填making。
31.Innovation in teaching methods is (essence) to meet the diverse learning needs of students.
【答案】essential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:教学方法的创新对于满足学生多样化的学习需求是至关重要的。空处作表语,需用形容词essential。故填essential。
32. (occupy) myself with the demanding task of proparing my speech, I find it impossible to spare time for any other activities.
【答案】Occupying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我忙于准备演讲这一艰巨的任务,发现不可能抽出时间进行其他活动。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,I和occupy为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Occupying。
33.The researchers (commit) themselves to this project for over five years, and they’re still making progress.
【答案】have been committing
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这些研究人员已经致力于这个项目超过五年了,而且他们仍在不断取得进展。commit为动词,表示“投入、委托”,commit oneself to表示“致力于、投身于”,在句中作谓语;根据时间状语“for over five years”和“and they’re still making progress”可知,该句表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作,并且现在仍在进行,故应用现在完成进行时,主语是“researchers”,谓语为复数。故填have been committing。
34.You may find it easy (expand) your knowledge beyond textbooks through online learning apps.
【答案】to expand
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:你可能会发现通过在线学习应用程序扩展课本之外的知识很容易。此处为“find/make/consider +it+形容词/名词 + to do sth.”结构,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为不定式形式,所以此处应用动词不定式to expand作真正的宾语。故填to expand。
35.When in low spirits, we may cry out for things giving us comfort and a sense of (secure).
【答案】security
【详解】考查名词。句意:情绪低落时,我们可能会渴望得到能给我们带来安慰和安全感的东西。空处需用名词作介词of的宾语,secure的名词形式为security“安全”,a sense of security“安全感”。故填security。
36.Travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship, or meeting an (adore) fairy tale or cartoon character are all possible at Disneyland.
【答案】adorable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在迪士尼乐园,你可以穿越太空,参观海盗船,或者遇见一个可爱的童话或卡通人物。本空修饰空后的名词短语fairy tale or cartoon character可知,本空用形容词adorable“可爱的”,作前置定语。故填adorable。
37.The latest weather-tracking computer programs give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, saves many lives.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:最新的天气跟踪计算机程序向人们发出有关自然灾害的许多警告,这挽救了许多生命。逗号后面是非限制性定语从句,指代逗号前面的事实,引导词在从句中作主语,应该使用which引导定语从句。故填which。
38.They can warn you early on if there is something (normal) or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
【答案】 abnormal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果出现异常或患有癌症等严重疾病,他们可以提前警告你,并可能挽救你的生命。根据前后文句意可知,此处应用形容词normal的反义词abnormal意为“不正常的,异常的”作后置定语修饰不定代词something。故填abnormal。
39.Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can contribute to depression and . (anxious)
【答案】anxiety
【详解】考查名词。句意:避免饮酒和摄入咖啡因,它们会导致抑郁和焦虑。提示词和名词depression是并列关系,作宾语,用名词形式anxiety,意为“焦虑”,这里是不可数名词。故填anxiety。
40.This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s remaining gorillas from (die) out.
【答案】dying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这是由大猩猩组织运营的一个项目,旨在筹集资金以拯救世界上现存的大猩猩免于灭绝。介词from后需接动名词作宾语,die的动名词形式为dying,构成短语“prevent...from dying out”,意为“防止……灭绝。故填dying。
41.Some popular stars wear masks in public to escape (recognize) by fans,which allows them to enjoy their private lives more freely.
【答案】being recognized
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一些受欢迎的明星在公共场合戴口罩以避免被粉丝认出,这使他们能够更自由地享受他们的私人生活。escape doing sth.表示“逃避/避免做某事”,且此处表示“避免被粉丝认出”,应用动名词的被动式being done作宾语。故填being recognized。
42.She was awarded the Nobel Prize for her (contribute) to medical science.
【答案】contributions
【详解】考查名词。句意:她因对医学科学的贡献而被授予诺贝尔奖。空处作宾语,前面有形容词性物主代词修饰,应填名词“contribution”,为可数名词,此处用复数形式表示“贡献”。故填contributions。
43.We suggest that countries should establish broader mechanisms for exchange and cooperation in the culture field, and deepen the breadth and (deep) of cultural exchanges.
【答案】depth
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们建议各国在文化领域建立更广泛的交流合作机制,深化文化交流的广度和深度。根据空前的“the breadth and”可知,此处需用名词与 breadth意为“广度”并列,deep为形容词,其名词形式为depth意为“深度”作宾语。故填 depth。
44.A foreign face stood out at the market. He was deeply engrossed in making hawthorn balls, a traditional Chinese remedy for boosting appetite and (digest).
【答案】digestion
【详解】考查名词。句意:一个外国人的面孔在市场上很显眼。他全神贯注于制作山楂丸子,这是一种促进食欲和消化的传统中药。空格前为“and”连接并列的名词“appetite”和“digestion”。“digest”的名词形式“digestion”表示“消化(功能)”作宾语,故填digestion。
45.It is through good governance that China has been able to grow its economy and alleviate (poor).
【答案】poverty
【详解】考查名词。句意:正是通过良好的治理,中国才得以实现经济的增长并减轻了贫困状况。作宾语,填poor的名词形式poverty“贫穷;贫困”,不可数。故填poverty。
46.The recovery and (expand) of international flight routes has dramatically influenced development of Hunan's inbound tourism.
【答案】expansion
【详解】考查名词。句意:国际航线的恢复与拓展极大地促进了湖南入境旅游的发展。作主语,用名词expansion,不可数。故填expansion。
47.The summit is a (convince) example of China’s determination and effort to advance open-up and encourage high-quality partnerships with multinationals.
【答案】convincing
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这次峰会是中国推进对外开放、鼓励与跨国公司建立高质量伙伴关系的决心和努力的一个有说服力的例子。根据空后的名词example可知,此处需用形容词作定语。convince为动词,意为“使确信”,其形容词形式有convincing(令人信服的)和convinced(确信的)。此处修饰example,指“有说服力的例子”,应用convincing。故填convincing。
48.To be sure, Hong Kong stocks have had a strong record of riding out (crisis).
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:可以肯定的是,香港股市在安然度过危机方面有着良好的记录。空处作ride out的宾语,需用名词形式。crisis意为“危机”,是可数名词,结合语境可知,香港股市度过的危机不止一个,应用复数形式。crisis的复数形式为不规则变化crises。故填crises。
49.We could walk or (alternative) we could go in Ted’s car.
【答案】alternatively
【详解】考查词副词。句意:我们可以步行,或者作为替代方案,我们可以坐泰德的车。根据句子结构,此处需要一个副词来修饰整个句子“we could go in Ted’s car”。alternative为形容词,意为“可供替代的”,其副词形式为alternatively,意为“或者;作为替代”,符合句意。故填alternatively。
50.As you know, is my main major at university, and as a consequence, I memorize many parties and . (politician)
【答案】 politics political politicians
【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意:如你所知,在大学里我的主修专业是政治学,因此我记住了很多政党和政客的信息。第一空作主语,表示“政治学”用名词politics;第二空修饰名词parties,用形容词political“政治的”,作定语;第三空与parties并列,作memorize的宾语,需用名词形式,表示“政客,政治家”用名词politician,结合上文parties可知,many后需接可数名词复数形式。故填①politics;②political;③politicians。
考向03 考查选择性必修三词汇
1、 单词拼写50题
1.There’s been a significant i (投入) of time and energy in order to make the project a success.
【答案】investment/nvestment
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了使这个项目取得成功,我们投入了大量的时间和精力。根据中英文提示,“投入” 对应的英文单词是 “investment”,且前面有不定冠词 “a” 和形容词 “significant” 修饰,需用名词单数形式。故填investment。
2.Surveys show a t (趋势) away from home-ownership and toward rented accommodation.
【答案】trend/rend
【详解】考查名词。句意:调查结果显示,人们越来越倾向于租房而非购买房产。根据中英文提示可知用名词trend,作宾语,不定冠词提示用单数。故填trend。
3.Police have launched a c (运动) to crack down on drug dealers.
【答案】campaign/ampaign
【详解】考查名词。句意:警方发起了一场打击毒贩的运动。根据中英文提示,“运动”对应的英文单词是“campaign”,且前面有不定冠词“a”,所以用单数形式。故填campaign。
4.In traditional Chinese culture, the concept of a h (和谐的) society is deeply rooted in Confucian philosophy.
【答案】harmonious/armonious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在中国传统文化中,和谐社会的理念深深植根于儒家哲学。此处修饰名词“society”(社会),需要用形容词形式,“harmonious”符合语境。故填harmonious。
5.Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their r (决心) fill me with hope.
【答案】resolve/esolve
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们对他人真诚的关心、坚持不懈的精神和坚定的决心让我充满希望。根据中英文提示可知,空处应填名词resolve“决心”,和“concern”以及“perseverance”作并列主语,不可数。故填resolve。
6.Different from other visual art forms, sculpture operates in three d (维度).
【答案】dimensions/imensions
【详解】考查名词。句意:与其他视觉艺术形式不同,雕塑是在三维空间中进行创作的。根据汉语提示和首字母d以及空格前的in three可知,空格处应该用复数名词dimensions作宾语。故填dimensions。
7.I can’t climb too high because it will make me feel d .
【答案】dizzy/izzy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我不能爬得太高,因为这会让我感觉眩晕。 根据首字母 d以及“I can’t climb too high”可知,应填 dizzy,意为 “眩晕的”。故填dizzy。
8.She (重复地) urged her son not to tell anyone about it.
【答案】repeatedly
【详解】考查副词。句意:她一再劝告她的儿子不要把这件事告诉任何人。根据汉语提示“重复地”可知,此处应用副词repeatedly修饰动词urged。故填repeatedly。
9.They saw the man with a little girl s along behind him.
【答案】skipping/kipping
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意:他们看到那个男人身后跟着一个蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩。根据首字母和句意可知,空处为skip。且本句为with复合结构。a little girl与skip为主动关系,用现在分词做宾语补足语。故填skipping。
10.Has any (突破) ever been made in the cure of AIDS recently?
【答案】breakthrough
【详解】考查名词。句意:最近在艾滋病的治疗上有任何突破吗?根据汉语提示“突破”可知,此处应填名词breakthrough,在句中作主语,结合has可知应用其单数形式。故填breakthrough。
11.The company enjoys a worldwide (名声) for the quality of design.
【答案】reputation
【详解】考查名词。句意:这家公司因其设计质量在全球享有盛誉。“名声”为“reputation”作宾语。空前有不定冠词,故用单数。故填reputation。
12. (不幸的是), the poor dog was hurt badly and then died soon.
【答案】Unfortunately
【详解】考查副词。句意:不幸的是,这只可怜的狗受了重伤,很快就死了。根据汉语提示“不幸的是”可知,此处应填副词unfortunately,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,且位于句首,首字母要大写。故填 Unfortunately。
13.He (批评) me for failing to complete the work on time.
【答案】criticised/criticized
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:他批评我没有按时完成工作。根据汉语提示可知,此处应用动词“criticise/criticize”,表示“批评”,且句子描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,“criticise sb. for (doing) sth.”为固定用法,表示“因……而批评某人”,符合语境。故填criticised/criticized。
14.I have long wanted to be a teacher because I think it is a very (高尚的,崇高的)career.
【答案】noble
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我一直想成为一名教师,因为我认为那是一个非常崇高的职业。根据汉语提示,此处应填形容词noble作定语。故填noble。
15. (有影响力的) painters, like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
【答案】Influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有影响力的画家,如列奥纳多·达·芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔,在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的艺术作品。空处修饰名词painters,用形容词形式作定语。形容词“有影响力的”英文为influential,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Influential。
16.According to the report (提交)by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
【答案】submitted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据研究人员提交的报告,每年二氧化碳排放总量的20% 至25%是由热带森林遭到破坏所导致的。According to the report_______by researchers作状语,句中的谓语动词是are caused,可知状语部分的动词必须变为非谓语动词形式。_______by researchers作后置定语修饰名词the report(报道),它和空之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,即“报道被提交”,要用过去分词表示被动。“提交”的英语是submit,过去分词要双写t再加-ed。故填submitted。
17.There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective, in which the poet Tagore shows (同情) for children’s feelings.
【答案】sympathy
【详解】考查名词。句意:还有许多以儿童视角创作的诗歌,泰戈尔在这些诗歌中表达了对儿童情感的同情。在in which引导的非限制性定语从句中,shows是谓语动词,其后的空要用名词作宾语。“同情”的英语是sympathy,是不可数名词,没有单复数的变化。故填sympathy。
18.Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become (悲观) and give up.
【答案】pessimistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯,如果我们不能立即成功,我们往往会变得悲观并放弃。句中become是系动词,其后接形容词作表语。形容词“悲观的”英文为pessimistic。故填pessimistic。
19.It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of (家具) inside the house.
【答案】furniture
【详解】考查名词。句意:搬动房子里所有的家具花了他很大的精力。介词of后接名词形式,名词“家具”英文为furniture,是不可数名词,作宾语。故填furniture。
20.To (促进,使便利) a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habits cycle and then try to adapt them.
【答案】facilitate
【详解】考查动词原形。句意:为了促进坏习惯的积极改变,我们必须首先检查我们的坏习惯循环,然后尝试改变它们。根据句意和句中“a positive change in our bad habits”可知,要“促进”坏习惯的积极改变,结合汉语提示,用动词facilitate,用动词原形形式和to构成不定式作目的状语。故填facilitate。
21.Gardening is her favorite form of r (娱乐;消遣) after a long week of studying.
【答案】recreation/ecreation
【详解】考查名词。句意:在漫长的一周学习之后,园艺成了她最喜爱的休闲活动。根据中英文提示可知用名词recreation,作宾语,此处为抽象概念,不可数。故填recreation。
22.Only a q (符合资格的) doctor is allowed to perform such complex surgeries at this hospital.
【答案】qualified/ualified
【详解】考查形容词。句意:只有具备相应资质的医生才能在这家医院进行此类复杂的手术。根据中英文提示可知用形容词qualified,修饰名词doctor。故填qualified。
23.The d (精美的) pattern on her wedding dress looked absolutely stunning under the soft light.
【答案】delicate/elicate
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在柔和的灯光下,她婚纱上精致的图案显得十分迷人。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为形容词delicate“精美的”作定语修饰pattern,满足句意要求。故填delicate。
24.She has always e (羡慕,妒忌) my success.
【答案】envied/nvied
【详解】考查动词。句意:她一直羡慕我的成功。结合首字母提示可知,“羡慕,妒忌”应用动词envy,和has构成谓语,时态为现在完成时,envy需用过去分词的形式。故填envied。
25.The report must be s (提交) to the manager by Friday.
【答案】submitted/ubmitted
【详解】考查动词。句意:这份报告必须在周五之前提交给经理。根据中英文提示可知用动词submit,与主语构成被动关系,空处用submit的过去分词和must be构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填submitted。
26.She refused to allow the e (展出) of her husband’s work.
【答案】exhibition/xhibition
【详解】考查名词。句意:她拒绝展出她丈夫的作品。根据空格前的冠词 the可知,空格处应填名词作动词allow的宾语,结合汉语提示“展出”是exhibition,此处为不可数名词。故填exhibition。
27.The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as e (满腔热忱的) as ever.
【答案】enthusiastic/nthusiastic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这次失败对他来说是一个很大的打击,但他没有气馁,很快又像以前一样充满了热情。句中got是系动词,空处作表语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,形容词enthusiastic符合题意;在as...as...结构中,形容词应用原形。故填enthusiastic。
28.With this c (全面的;详尽的) knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.
【答案】comprehensive/omprehensive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:凭借对艺术史的全面了解,他从此成为了一名专业画家。空处作定语修饰名词短语knowledge of the history of art,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,形容词comprehensive符合题意。故填comprehensive。
29.Some students have breakfast everyday while others always skip it. They account for 85% and 15% r (各自).
【答案】respectively/espectively
【详解】考查副词。句意:一些学生每天吃早餐,而另一些学生总是不吃。它们分别占85%和15%。第二个分句为完整的主谓宾结构,因此空处为状语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,副词respectively符合题意。故填respectively。
30.Public awareness campaigns aim to educate people about the importance of biodiversity c (保护).
【答案】conservation/onservation
【详解】考查名词。句意:公众意识宣传活动旨在向人们普及生物多样性保护的重要性。空处作介词of的宾语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,名词conservation符合题意,为不可数名词。故填conservation。
31.As many as 337 a (业余选手) from all walks of life participated in Su Chao, the Jiangsu Urban Football League.
【答案】amateurs/mateurs
【详解】考查名词。句意:多达337名来自各行各业的业余爱好者参加了苏超——江苏城市足球联赛。空处应填名词作主语,结合首字母和汉语提示可知,名词amateur符合题意,可数名词,前面有基数词337,故空处名词用复数形式。故填amateurs。
32.The scientific theory was too c (难懂的,复杂的) for most students to grasp without additional help from their teacher.
【答案】complicated/complex/omplicated/omplex
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个科学理论太复杂了,如果没有老师额外的帮助,大多数学生都无法理解。根据首字母c及汉语提示“难懂的,复杂的”可知,本空可用形容词complicated/complex,作表语。故填complicated/complex。
33.While I can’t g (确保) success, I believe that hard work and dedication will lead you to achieve your goals.
【答案】guarantee/uarantee
【详解】考查动词。句意:虽然我不能确保成功,但我相信努力工作和奉献精神会引领你实现目标。根据首字母g及汉语提示“确保”可知,本空用动词guarantee,情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填guarantee。
34.The dark coffee has such a strong b taste that some people find it hard to like it.
【答案】bitter/itter
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这种黑咖啡有着极浓的苦味,以至于有些人很难喜欢上它。根据句意“苦的”和首字母提示可知,此处为形容词bitter,作定语,修饰名词taste。故填bitter。
35.The injury caused p damage to his knee, resulting in lifelong disability.
【答案】permanent/ermanent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这次受伤给他的膝盖造成了永久性损伤,导致了终身残疾。根据句意“永久的”和首字母提示可知,此处为形容词permanent,作定语,修饰名词damage。故填permanent。
36.Under the g of the experienced coach, the young athlete’s performance improved significantly.
【答案】guidance/uidance
【详解】考查名词。句意:在经验丰富的教练的指导下,这位年轻运动员的表现有了显著提高。根据“the experienced coach”可知,此处指在教练的指导下,guidance“指导”符合题意,作介词under的宾语,under the guidance of表示“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。
37.These (民间的) stories have been passed down from generation to generation in this small village.
【答案】folk
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这些民间故事在这个小村庄里代代相传。空处用于名词stories之前,应用形容词folk作定语。故填folk。
38.Tony told her she was being (敏感的) and was just as good as Gladys.
【答案】sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:托尼说她太敏感了,和格拉迪斯一样好。空格处用形容词作表语,“敏感的”的形容词是sensitive。故填sensitive。
39.C (当代的) artists have followed this tradition to create works that speak to the anxieties of our age.
【答案】Contemporary/ontemporary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当代艺术家遵循这一传统,创作出反映我们这个时代焦虑的作品。根据句意和首字母提示以及汉语提示可知,应填形容词contemporary“当代的”作定语,修饰名词artists,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Contemporary。
40.Tom (通信) with his pen friend John regularly.
【答案】corresponds
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:汤姆经常和他的笔友约翰通信。“通信”是correspond,由regularly可知,句子时态是一般现在时,主语Tom是第三人称单数,因此空格处用第三人称单数,故填corresponds。
41.The school emphasizes strict (纪律) to ensure students focus on their studies.
【答案】discipline
【详解】考查名词。句意:学校强调严格的纪律,以确保学生专注于学习。根据汉语提示“纪律”,此处应填名词 discipline,作 emphasizes的宾语,discipline表示“纪律”时是不可数名词。故填discipline。
42.The s (雕塑) in the park was created by a famous artist.
【答案】sculpture/culpture
【详解】考查名词。句意:公园里的雕塑是一位著名艺术家创作的。根据句意及中英文提示可知,此处使用名词sculpture,表示“雕塑”,为可数名词;由was created可知,此处应用其单数形式作主语。故填sculpture。
43.Guangzhou’s restaurants (刺激) customers’ appetite with a variety of light dishes.
【答案】stimulate
【详解】考查动词。句意:广州的餐馆以各种清淡的菜肴刺激顾客的食欲。根据句子结构,此处缺少谓语动词。动词“刺激”英文为stimulate。句子描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语 restaurants为复数,所以用动词原形。故填 stimulate。
44.We all went back to our r (belonging or relating separately to sb./sth.) homes to wait for news of the poetry competition.
【答案】respective/espective
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们都回到了各自的家,等待诗歌比赛的消息。根据首字母r以及括号内释义“belonging or relating separately to sb./sth.(分别属于某人/某物或与某人/某物相关)”可知,空处应填形容词respective,意为“各自的”,作定语修饰名词homes。故填respective。
45.The company is planning a(n) (扩张) into new markets to increase its market share.
【答案】expansion
【详解】考查名词。句意:该公司正计划向新市场扩张,以增加其市场份额。根据汉语提示“扩张”可知,空格处涉及单词“expansion”,意为“扩张”,为可数名词,不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数,作宾语。故填expansion。
46.You can’t r on the weather being fine for anything you plan in England.
【答案】rely/ely
【详解】考查动词。句意:在英国,对于你计划的任何事情,你都不能指望天气会一直晴朗。根据句意和首字母提示可知,空处应填动词rely“依靠,依赖”,rely on“依靠,依赖”为固定短语,情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填rely。
47.The police are offering a big r for information about the robbery.
【答案】reward/eward
【详解】考查名词。句意:警方为获得抢劫案的线索悬赏一大笔钱。根据首字母提示r可知,应填名词reward“报酬,悬赏金”,作are offering的宾语,根据空前的a可知,应用单数形式。故填reward。
48.Did you see the d pin she got for Christmas?
【答案】diamond/iamond
【详解】考查名词。句意:你看到她圣诞节得到的那枚钻石胸针了吗?根据空前定冠词the和空后名词pin以及首字母提示“d”可知,空处应填名词diamond,表示“钻石”,在此处作定语修饰pin,说明胸针的材质是钻石。故填diamond。
49.The (购买) price figures out at about two million dollars.
【答案】purchase
【详解】考查名词。句意:购买价格约为200万美元。根据空前定冠词The和空后名词price以及汉语提示“购买”可知,空处应填名词purchase,作定语修饰price,purchase price表示“购买价格”。故填purchase。
50.They said goodbye to him as he got a the train at the station.
【答案】aboard/board
【详解】考查介词。句意:当他在火车站上火车时,他们向他道别。根据said goodbye to him以及the train at the station可知,此处表示在他上火车时,向他道别,空处应用介词aboard,意为“在(船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等)上”,get aboard为固定短语,意为“上车”。故填aboard。
二、单句语填50题
51.Once (release), the results of the experiment will definitely start a heated discussion.
【答案】released
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦实验结果公布,肯定会引发激烈的讨论。分析句子结构可知,此处为once引导的时间状语从句的省略,时间状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致,且谓语动词中含有be动词时,可以省略“主语+be动词”,该句中release与其逻辑主语the results of the experiment之间是被动关系,表示“结果被公布”,因此用过去分词released,其完整形式为“Once the results of the experiment is released”,此处省略了“the results of the experiment is”。故填released。
52.Many elementary and (second) schools set up libraries for use by all the students and teachers.
【答案】secondary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:许多小学和中学都建立了图书馆,供所有学生和教师使用。根据空后名词schools可知,此处应用形容词secondary“中学的”,作前置定语,修饰schools。故填secondary。
53.My English teacher always encourages me to express myself in English without fear. Her words make me feel really . Whenever I face challenges in grammar or pronunciation, she gives me a lot of . (请用encourage的适当形式填空)
【答案】 encouraging encouraged encouragement
【详解】①考查现在分词。句意:她鼓励的话使我感到很受鼓舞。设空处修饰后面的名词words,所以要用形容词形式,且意为“鼓舞人心的”或“鼓励性的”,所以要用encouraging。故填encouraging。
②考查过去分词。句意:她鼓励的话使我感到很受鼓舞。设空处位于系动词feel后面充当表语,且意为“受到鼓舞的”,所以要用过去分词形式encouraged。故填encouraged。
③考查名词。句意:每当我在语法或发音上遇到挑战时,她都会给我很多鼓励。设空处充当gives的宾语,所以要用名词形式。故填encouragement。
54.They (pray) to God that their long-lost son will soon reunite with them.
【答案】have been praying
【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:他们一直向神明祈祷,希望他们失散已久的儿子将早日与他们团聚。本句是含有宾语从句的复合句,宾语从句用了一般将来时,因此主句要用现在范畴的时态。本句语境暗含“他们一直在祈祷儿子回来”,可推断祈祷这个动作反复发生,而且还会持续下去。符合这种语境的时态是现在完成进行时,由“have/has been+V-ing”构成,主语they是复数代词,助动词用have,pray直接加-ing即可。故填have been praying。
55.The complex structure of the machine makes it difficult (assemble).
【答案】to assemble
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这台机器结构复杂,难以组装。此处为make it adj. to do sth.,不定式作真正宾语,故填to assemble。
56.People often practice yoga (relief) stress and improve their mental health.
【答案】to relieve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们经常练习瑜伽来缓解压力,改善心理健康。空处作目的状语,需用动词不定式。故填to relieve。
57.After his business failed, he had to sell his (possess) to pay for the debts.
【答案】possessions
【详解】考查名词。句意:在他的生意失败后,他不得不卖掉自己的财产来偿还债务。空处作宾语,需用名词possession,表示“财产”,常用复数形式。故填possessions。
58.The origins of the umbrella can be traced back over thousands of years to early human societies. Initially used as sunshades, these early umbrellas were fashioned from materials like silk or paper, and waterproofed with wax (蜡) and lacquer (漆) (offer) rain protection.
【答案】to offer
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些早期的伞最初被用作遮阳工具,采用丝绸或纸张等材料制成,并通过涂蜡和上漆进行防水处理,以提供防雨保护。句子已有谓语,空处是非谓语,作目的状语,表示“为了/来……”,应用offer“提供”的不定式形式。故填to offer。
59.Beijing’s unique cultural identity attracted record tourists to new heights in 2024, most of whom (drive) in part by the popularity of its newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis (轴). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were driven
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:2024年,北京独特的文化身份吸引了创纪录的游客数量,达到新高度,其中大多数人部分是由其新列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产的中轴线所吸引来的。此处在定语从句中作谓语动词,根据时间状语in 2024可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语为most of whom与drive之间为被动关系,所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态,主语most of whom中的whom指代的是先行词tourists为复数意义,所以谓语动词为were driven。故填were driven。
60.A print edition of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), which (publish) in 1171, is one such example. Written in the 1st century BC by Sima Qian, it’s a foundation text of Chinese history.
【答案】was published
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:1171年出版的印刷版《史记》就是这样一个例子。这部著作由司马迁于公元前 1 世纪撰写而成,是研究中国历史的重要典籍。根据in 1171可知,句子时态为一般过去时,A print edition of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian)与publish之间是被动关系,即“《史记》的印刷版被出版”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填was published。
61.If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【答案】left
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未体验过晒了一天的床单或衬衫散发出的“阳光气息”,那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇迹。分析句子可知,设空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词a sheet or shirt,且a sheet or shirt与leave之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式left。故填left。
62.At that moment, she realized that she (follow) by a stranger, so she quickened her pace.
【答案】was being followed
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:就在那时,她意识到自己正被一个陌生人跟踪,于是加快了脚步。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词,根据主句的谓语动词realized以及从句中的时间状语at that moment可知,从句应使用过去进行时,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,主语she与动词follow之间是被动关系,因此用过去进行时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”,主语she是第三人称单数,助动词用was。故填was being followed。
63.He has been dreaming of becoming a (law) since childhood.
【答案】lawyer
【详解】考查名词。句意:他从小就梦想成为一名律师。“law”意为“法律”,根据语境,此处表示“律师”,为名词“lawyer”,且由“a”可知用单数作表语。故填lawyer。
64.Don’t be (greed) — leave some cake for others.
【答案】greedy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:别贪心 —— 留点蛋糕给别人。此处为形容词作表语,greed的形容词形式为greedy,意为“贪婪的,贪心的”,符合句意。故填greedy。
65.His hearing (disable) requires the use of a hearing aid (助听器).
【答案】disability
【详解】考查名词。句意:由于听力障碍,他需要使用助听器。此处为名词作主语,disable的名词形式是disability,意为“障碍;残疾”,根据语境及谓语动词requires可知,此处特指“听力障碍,听力残疾”,为单数概念。故填disability。
66.The scientist struggled (accomplish) a major breakthrough after years of research.
【答案】to accomplish
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:经过多年的研究,这位科学家努力取得了重大突破。句中考查固定短语struggle to do sth“努力或艰难地做某事”,故填to accomplish。
67.It is widely acknowledged that we Chinese are global citizens interested in world (stable).
【答案】stability
【详解】考查名词。句意:众所周知,我们中国人是关心世界稳定的世界公民。空处应填名词stability作in的宾语,不可数,故填stability。
68.They were asked to clean up the (dust) furniture as soon as they arrived home.
【答案】dusty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他们被要求一到家就把满是灰尘的家具打扫干净。空作前置定语修饰名词furniture,要用dust的形容词。故填dusty。
69.On hearing of the news, we were overcome with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
【答案】mixture
【详解】考查名词。句意:一听到这个消息,我们被惊喜和恐惧交织的情绪所淹没。设空处前有a修饰,应用名词单数形式作宾语,mix的名词是mixture。故填mixture。
70.The old lady has been in (possess) of the flat for many years.
【答案】possession
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位老妇人拥有这套公寓已经很多年了。in possession of是固定短语,意为“拥有,占有”,用名词possession(拥有,持有)作宾语。故填possession。
71.Twenty people were killed in the (violent) and the local authority should take the responsibility.
【答案】violence
【详解】考查名词。句意:20人在暴力事件中丧生,地方当局应该承担责任。由空前the定冠词可知,此处为名词形式violence“暴力事件”作宾语,满足句意要求。故填violence。
72.Feeling (guilt) about yelling at her mom, she wrote a letter to apologize that night.
【答案】guilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她对冲妈妈大喊大叫感到内疚,因此那天晚上她写了一封信道歉。此处应为形容词作表语,guilt的形容词为guilty,意为“内疚的”符合句意。故填guilty。
73.The (frequent) of typhoons in this region has increased due to climate change.
【答案】frequency
【详解】考查名词。句意:由于气候变化,该地区台风发生的频率增加了。根据空前定冠词The可知,此处用名词frequency“频率”,为不可数名词,作句子主语。故填frequency。
74.The scientists handled the (explode) materials with extreme caution during the experiment.
【答案】explosive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在实验过程中,科学家们对爆炸物的处理极为谨慎。空处应用形容词,作定语修饰名词“materials”,explosive为形容词,表示“易爆的、爆炸性的”,符合句意。故填explosive。
75.Yesterday, the winners’ names of the singing competition (announce) on campus radio.
【答案】were announced
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:昨天,校园广播公布了歌唱比赛的获胜者名单。空格处处为谓语动词,根据时间状语“Yesterday”可知,时态应用一般过去时,主语“the winners’ names”与“announce”之间为被动关系,所以应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“be +过去分词”,主语为名词复数,所以be动词用复数形式were,announce的过去分词为announced。故填were announced。
76. (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we had our dog chained.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被咬了两次,这个邮递员拒绝来我们家送信,除非我们把狗拴起来。设空处用非谓语动词作原因状语,动作bite与主语postman之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式表被动,空处位于句首,首字母需大写,故填Bitten。
77.Despite his mistake, he (forgive) by his friends because they understood it was an honest error.
【答案】was forgiven
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:尽管他犯了错,但他被朋友们原谅了,因为他们明白这是无心之失。根据 “because they understood...” 可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。又因为 “he(他)” 与 “forgive(原谅)” 之间是被动关系,即他被朋友们原谅,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + 过去分词,主语 he 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 was,forgive 的过去分词是 forgiven。故填was forgiven。
78.The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was (divide) between night and day.
【答案】division
【详解】考查名词。句意:太阳和月亮仿佛被抛向了天空,但很快,黑夜和白昼就分开了。there be句型中作主语,用divide的名词division ,意为“分开”为不可数名。故填division。
79.Last month, the shop assistant (charge) with cheating customers many times.
【答案】was charged
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:上个月,这个店员被指控多次欺骗顾客。此处为谓语动词,根据be charged with意为“被指控”可知,charge与主语the shop assistant 之间为被动关系,根据Last month可知,为一般过去时,所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数。故填was charged。
80.Unfortunately, elephants are endangered in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and (free).
【答案】freedom
【详解】考查名词。句意:不幸的是,在泰国大象濒临灭绝,但人们已经设立了特别的公园来保护它们的安全与自由。空处需填名词freedom作宾语,为不可数名词。故填freedom。
81. (dot) with countless stars, the night sky was a breathtaking view.
【答案】Dotted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:夜空点缀着无数的星星,景色令人叹为观止。句中已有谓语动词was,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,the night sky和dot为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词形式dotted,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Dotted。
82.Remember to have the electric car (charge) at night so that we can use it for the long journey tomorrow.
【答案】charged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:记得晚上给电动汽车充电,这样我们明天长途旅行就能用得上它。the electric car与charge为被动关系,用过去分词做宾语补足语。故填charged。
83.A number of people were (trap) in the burning building when the fire broke out.
【答案】trapped
【详解】考查语态。句意:火灾发生时,许多人被困在着火的大楼里。A number of people与trap为被动关系,本句为一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。
84.The (coverage) of the election was comprehensive.
【答案】coverage
【详解】考查名词。句意:选举的报道很全面。空处需填名词作主语,coverage意为“报道”,是抽象名词,不可数。故填coverage。
85.Climate change has increased (migrate) in some regions.
【答案】migration
【详解】考查名词。句意:气候变化增加了一些地区的移民。本空作has increased的宾语,应用名词形式migration“移民”。故填migration。
86.Our (capable) for giving care, love, and attention is limited.
【答案】capacity
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们给予关心、爱和关注的能力是有限的。本空作主语,应用名词形式capability“能力”,根据空后is可知,用单数形式。故填capability。
87.Barbara often makes a schedule to get herself (remind) of what she is to do in the day.
【答案】reminded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:芭芭拉经常制定一个时间表,让自己被提醒当天要做的事情。“get+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构,herself是宾语,remind和herself 之间是被动关系,即“她自己被提醒”,所以用过去分词reminded作宾语补足语。故填reminded。
88.Ignoring his boss’ warning, he kept lazy and careless at work. As a result, he was (dismiss) yesterday.
【答案】dismissed
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:他不顾老板的警告,在工作上还是懒散粗心。结果,他昨天被解雇了。he与dismiss为被动关系,应用过去分词,与空前was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填dismissed。
89.These days her daughter has had such a bad toothache that she has to make an (appoint) with a dentist.
【答案】appointment
【详解】考查名词。句意:最近她女儿牙疼得厉害,她不得不和牙医预约。固定搭配make an appointment with“与……预约”,名词appointment作宾语。故填appointment。
90.I made up my mind to major in English in the future after (consult) with my parents and teachers.
【答案】consultation
【详解】考查名词。句意:在与父母和老师商量后,我决定将来主修英语。空格处用名词作宾语,此处表示“商量”,名词是consultation,是不可数名词,故填consultation。
91.There were calls for her (resign) from the board of directors.
【答案】resignation
【详解】考查名词。句意:要求她辞去董事会职务的呼声不断。此处作宾语,且空前有形容词性物主代词,应用名词resignation“辞职”。故填resignation。
92.We take for granted that everyone should have the chance to be educated.
【答案】it
【详解】考查代词。句意:我们认为理所当然的是:每个人都应该拥有获得教育的机会。此处作宾语,根据后文that引导的宾语从句可知,此处应用it作形式宾语,take it for granted that...“认为……是理所当然的”,故填it。
93.These merchants retired to another room for private (consult).
【答案】consultation
【详解】考查名词。句意:这些商人到另一个房间进行私下协商。空处需用名词作介词for的宾语,consult的名词为consultation“协商,磋商”,不可数。故填consultation。
94.With his mind (concentrate) on his work, he didn’t notice my appearance.
【答案】concentrated
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:由于他的注意力集中在工作上,他没有注意到我的出现。此处为“with +宾语+宾补”结构,动词concentrate与宾语his mind之间是被动关系,表示“注意力被集中”,因此需要使用过去分词形式concentrated。故填concentrated。
95.She comes from a (privilege) background.
【答案】privileged
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她出身优越。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词background,privilege的形容词是privileged,意为“享受特权的”。故填privileged。
96.She was sitting the shade of a big olive tree, and enjoyed a good time.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:她正坐在一棵大橄榄树的树荫下,享受着美好的时光。in the shade of是固定搭配,表示“在……的树荫/阴影下”。故填in。
97.There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes (fix) on the sink until it’s full.
【答案】fixed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在此过程中,你唯一能做的便是双目紧盯水槽,直至其注满为止。根据句意和空格前的keep both eyes可知,空格处应该用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,eyes与动词fix之间是被动关系,所以,应该用过去分词fixed作补足语。故填fixed。
98.Language (acquire) is a kind of language learning which takes place usually in an informal learning setting.
【答案】acquisition
【详解】考查名词。句意:语言习得是一种通常在非正式学习环境中进行的语言学习。作主语,用名词acquisition,不可数。故填acquisition。
99.I have (prior) over you in dealing with the stuff.
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意:我比你有优先权处理这件事。作动词的宾语,用名词priority,故填priority。
100.The teacher had special request for the (attend) of students and always took a roll call.
【答案】attendance
【详解】考查名词。句意:该教师对学生出勤有特殊要求,始终坚持课前点名。根据空格前的介词for可知,空格处应该用名词attendance作宾语。故填attendance。
考向04 考查选择性必修四词汇
1、 单词拼写50题
1.H (草药) are an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine.
【答案】Herbs/erbs
【详解】考查名词。句意:草药是中药的重要组成部分。根据中英文提示可知,空处应填名词herb“草药”作主语,结合“are”可知,此处应用名词复数形式作主语,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Herbs。
2.Feeling abandoned and g (内疚的), I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.
【答案】guilty/uilty
【详解】考查形容词。句意:感到被抛弃和内疚,我穿上运动鞋去呼吸点新鲜空气。此处为形容词,与abandoned(感到被抛弃的)并列作系动词Feeling的表语,根据首字母“g”及汉语提示“内疚的”,应为形容词guilty,符合句意。故填guilty。
3.She stopped talking and grabbed my w (腕部), dragging me out of the room.
【答案】wrist/rist
【详解】考查名词。句意:她停止了说话,抓住我的手腕,把我拖出了房间。根据汉语提示和首字母w以及空格前的动词grabbed可知,空格处应该用名词wrist作宾语。故填wrist。
4.When Lily finished playing the piano, the audience couldn’t help but (鼓掌) loudly, showing their appreciation for her wonderful performance.
【答案】applaud
【详解】考查动词。句意:当莉莉弹完钢琴时,观众们忍不住大声鼓掌,表达他们对她精彩表演的欣赏。couldn’t help but do sth. 忍不住做某事;不得不做某事,其后接动词原形。“鼓掌”英文为applaud。故填applaud。
5.Social and p problems led to the outbreak of war.
【答案】political/olitical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:社会和政治问题导致了战争的爆发。此处为形容词作定语修饰problems,根据首字母“p”及“problems led to the outbreak of war.”可知,此处应为形容词political,意为“政治的”,与“social(社会的)”并列。故填political。
6.All the theories should be built on a f .
【答案】foundation/oundation
【详解】考查名词。句意:所有的理论都应该建立在一个基础之上。根据单词首字母以及句意“基础”以及上文不定冠词a,可知应填名词foundation的单数形式,在句中作介词on的宾语。故填foundation。
7.Bamboo is light because it is h .
【答案】hollow/ollow
【详解】考查形容词。句意:竹子很轻,因为它是中空的。分析句子可知,系动词is后应接形容词作表语;结合句意“中空的”及首字母h提示,对应的单词是hollow。故填hollow。
8.He would not accept his job for such a small s because he had to support a big family.
【答案】salary/alary
【详解】考查名词。句意:他不会接受这份薪水这么少的工作,因为他得养活一个大家庭。根据单词首字母以及句意“薪水”以及上文形容词small,可知应填名词salary,由不定冠词a可知,用单数形式,在句中作介词for的宾语。故填salary。
9.The book is a work of f and not intended as a historical account.
【答案】fiction/iction
【详解】考查名词。句意:这本书是虚构作品,并非旨在作为历史记载。根据单词首字母以及句意“虚构”以及上文介词of,可知应填名词fiction,“a work of fiction”为固定搭配,意为“虚构作品”,fiction为不可数名词,在句中作介词of的宾语。故填fiction。
10.The (压力) of work was so great for him that he decided to resign.
【答案】pressure
【详解】考查名词。句意:工作的压力对他来说太大了,他决定辞职。根据汉语提示“压力”以及空前的定冠词The和空后的of可知,此处应填名词pressure,pressure 表示“压力”时是不可数名词,在句中作主语。故填 pressure。
11.The incident has received wide (新闻报道) in the press.
【答案】coverage
【详解】考查名词。句意:该事件在媒体上得到了广泛的新闻报道。形容词wide后接名词形式,在句中作宾语。名词“新闻报道”英文为coverage。故填coverage。
12.The two leaders emerged for a photo (一段时间).
【答案】session
【详解】考查名词。句意:两位领导人现身合影留念。a photo session拍照的一段时间。故填session。
13.He is one of the nation’s (最著名的) scientists.
【答案】premier
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他是该国最著名的科学家之一。根据汉语提示“最著名的”可知,此处为形容词premier,作前置定语,修饰名词scientists。故填premier。
14.When I came into the old man’s room, I saw a picture was (悬;挂) on a nail on the wall.
【答案】suspended
【详解】考查动词。句意:当我走进老人的房间时,我看到墙上的一颗钉子上挂着一幅画。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“悬;挂”应用suspend,为动词,且这里应用过去分词与前面was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填suspended。
15.The birds returned to their nests and continued to (孵化)the eggs.
【答案】incubate/hatch
【详解】考查动词。句意:鸟儿们回到巢中继续孵蛋。设空处位于不定式符号to后面,所以要用动词原形;根据汉语提示可知,要填incubate/hatch。故填incubate/hatch。
16.It is anger that leads to (暴力) and loss of control.
【答案】violence
【详解】考查名词。句意:愤怒会导致暴力和失控。根据汉语提示,表示“暴力”用violence作leads to的宾语。故填violence。
17.He (感染) malaria while he was traveling in India.
【答案】contracted
【详解】考查动词。句意:他在印度旅行时感染了疟疾。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“感染”应用contract,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。故填contracted。
18.You sit here waiting for the call. (同时) I am making some arrangements.
【答案】Meanwhile
【详解】考查副词。句意:你坐在这儿等电话,同时我来做些安排。根据汉语提示“同时”可知,此处应用副词 meanwhile,在句中作状语,句首单词首字母需大写。故填Meanwhile。
19.The students claim to be willing (参与者) in the experiment.
【答案】participants
【详解】考查名词。句意:学生们声称愿意成为这个实验的参与者。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“参与者”应用participant,为可数名词,且由The students可知,这里应用名词复数作表语。故填participants。
20.They faced several strong o (对手) in the group stage matches.
【答案】opponents/pponents
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们在小组赛阶段遇到了几个强劲的对手。根据单词首字母和句意“对手”可知,此处应用名词opponent作宾语,several后应用复数。故填opponents。
21.The movie is so good that it d (应得) an award.
【答案】deserves/eserves
【详解】考查动词。句意:这部电影如此好,以至于它应得一个奖项。根据单词首字母和句意“应得”可知,应用动词deserve作从句谓语,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主谓一致,用三单。故填deserves。
22.Instead of losing (尊严), you would gain the respect for bravely admitting your mistakes.
【答案】dignity
【详解】考查名词。句意:勇敢承认错误,不会失去尊严,反而会获得尊重。根据汉语提示可知,此处应用名词dignity作宾语,不可数。故填dignity。
23.The old house was covered in (灰尘) after years of being empty.
【答案】dust
【详解】考查名词。句意:这栋老房子空置多年,布满了灰尘。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为名词dust“灰尘”为不可数名词,作宾语,满足句意要求。故填dust。
24.The agreement strengthened the (纽带) between the two countries.
【答案】bond/bonds
【详解】考查名词。句意:该协议加强了两国之间的纽带。根据汉语提示和定冠词the可知,表示“纽带”应用名词bond作宾语,为可数名词,根据句意,即可用单数,也可用复数。故填bond(s)。
25.They took up arms and fought for justice and (自由).
【答案】freedom
【详解】考查名词。句意:意为 “他们拿起武器,为正义和自由而战。根据汉语意思提示可知,表示“自由”为名词freedom,为不可数名词,作宾语,满足句意要求。故填freedom。
26.Others focus more on asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios, like working as a librarian or a (律师).
【答案】lawyer
【详解】考查名词。句意:其他人更注重让你对不同的工作场景进行评分,比如当图书管理员或律师。分析句子可知,设空处应填名词与librarian并列,根据汉语提示“律师”,其对应的单词是lawyer,且空前有不定冠词a,应用单数形式。故填lawyer。
27.My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we (拖着身体) ourselves down the mountain towards home.
【答案】dragged
【详解】考查动词。句意:当我们拖着身子下山回家时,我的肌肉酸痛,膝盖颤抖。根据句中时态可知,用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意可知,drag“拖”符合句意。故填dragged。
28.The government will not n (谈判,协商) with terrorists.
【答案】negotiate/egotiate
【详解】考查动词。句意:政府不会与恐怖分子谈判。结合首字母提示可知,“谈判,协商”应用动词negotiate,和will not构成谓语,时态为一般将来时,negotiate应用原形。故填negotiate。
29.The students were (深深吸引) by the scientist’s amazing experiments.
【答案】fascinated
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意:学生们被科学家惊人的实验深深吸引了。“深深吸引”作谓语,用动词fascinate,与主语The students之间是被动关系,用过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态were fascinated。故填fascinated。
30.The company plans to l (发行) a new line of products next month to attract more customers.
【答案】launch/aunch
【详解】考查动词。句意:该公司计划下个月推出一系列新产品,以吸引更多客户。根据中英文提示可知,此处使用动词launch,固定搭配plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故填launch。
31.The CEO had to (辞职) due to the company’s funding issue.
【答案】resign
【详解】考查动词。句意:由于公司资金方面的问题,这位首席执行官不得不辞职。根据汉语提示可知用动词resign,且位于不定式符号to之后,所以使用动词原形。故填resign。
32.Learning to have (仁慈,宽恕) on yourself is as important as forgiving others.
【答案】mercy
【详解】考查名词。句意:学会对自己仁慈和原谅别人一样重要。have mercy on...为固定短语,意为 “对…… 仁慈”,mercy 作have的宾语。故填mercy。
33.He felt that his team d (应受到) recognition for their outstanding performance in the project.
【答案】deserved/eserved
【详解】考查动词。句意:他觉得他的团队因在该项目中的出色表现而理应得到认可。根据中英文提示可知,空处应填动词deserve作谓语,由felt可知,句子时态是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填deserved。
34.The villagers were t by the floodwaters and had to be rescued by boat.
【答案】trapped/rapped
【详解】考查动词。句意:村民们被洪水困住了,只好靠船只被救了出来。根据句意和首字母t以及空格前的were可知,空格处应该用动词trap的过去分词形式trapped,构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。
35.She was able to attend the international competition because a foundation s (资助) her travel expenses.
【答案】sponsored/ponsored
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:她能够参加国际比赛,因为一个基金会赞助了她的旅费。“资助”为“sponsor”,在句中作谓语,由was able to可知事情发生在过去,要用一般过去时。故填sponsored。
36.Wouldn’t it be (贪婪的) to focus on money and fame rather than on something more meaningful?
【答案】greedy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:把注意力集中在金钱和名声上,而不是更有意义的事情上,这不是很贪婪吗?空格处用形容词作表语,“贪婪的”的形容词是greedy。故填greedy。
37.After the opening ceremony, students (解散) and straight away they ran happily to those games.
【答案】were dismissed
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:开幕式结束后,学生们被解散,立刻就高高兴兴地跑向那些比赛项目。根据汉语提示“解散”可知,应填动词dismiss,且此处主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文After the opening ceremony可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为students,be动词使用were。故填were dismissed。
38.The tennis player w (退出)from several tournaments due to injury
【答案】withdrew
【详解】考查动词。句意:这位网球选手因伤退出了几项锦标赛。根据首字母和中文提示可知,表示“退出”应用withdraw,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且这里时态应用一般过去时表过去情况。故填withdrew。
39.The p (平台) of the underground station is crowded during rush hours.
【答案】platform/latform
【详解】考查名词。句意:地铁站的月台在高峰时段很拥挤。根据句意及中英文提示可知,此处使用名词platform,表示“月台;站台”,根据后文的is可知,此处使用名词单数形式作主语。故填platform。
40.The government (公布,宣布) a state of emergency after the natural disaster hit the place.
【答案】declared
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:自然灾害袭击该地区后,政府宣布进入紧急状态。根据汉语提示可知,declare“公布,宣布”,动词作谓语,符合题意;由从句谓语动词hit可知,句子需用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填declared。
41.The scientist took a water (样本) to check if the ocean was polluted.
【答案】sample
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位科学家取了一份水样,以检查海洋是否受到了污染。根据汉语提示可知,sample“样本”,名词,由空前a可知,应使用名词单数形式,作动词took的宾语。故填sample。
42.She chose a (任意的) book from the library shelf and found a hidden poem written by a famous author.
【答案】random
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她从图书馆的书架上随意选了一本书,发现了一首著名作家写的隐藏的诗。根据汉语提示可知,random“任意的”,形容词作定语修饰名词book,符合题意。故填random。
43.With her arms (叠), the teacher stood, observing the work of her students.
【答案】crossed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:老师双臂交叉站着,观察学生们的作业。“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 为with复合结构,“her arms(她的双臂)” 与 “叠(cross)” 之间是被动关系,即双臂被交叉,所以用过去分词 crossed作宾语补足语。故填crossed。
44.Our members have the p of using the lending service of the library.
【答案】privilege/rivilege
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的会员享有使用图书馆借阅服务的特权。根据“Our members”和首字母提示可推知,会员享有“特权”,用名词privilege作宾语,不可数名词。故填privilege。
45.He studied chemistry and then switched to b .
【答案】biology/iology
【详解】考查名词。句意:他学的是化学,然后转到了生物学。介词to后接名词形式。根据首字母提示及句意,用名词biology,表示“生物学”之意。故填biology。
46.A grey carpet was r to reveal the original pine floor.
【答案】removed/emoved
【详解】考查动词。句意:移开一块灰色地毯,露出了原来的松木地板。根据首字母提示r可知,此处使用动词remove“移开”,与主语A grey carpet是被动关系,本空应用过去分词,与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填removed。
47.It’s never a good idea to take sleeping (药片) regularly.
【答案】tablets
【详解】考查名词。句意:经常服用安眠药绝不是个好主意。空处应用名词,作宾语;根据汉语提示,tablet表示“药片”,为可数名词,应用复数形式,表示泛指。故填tablets。
48.She risked her own life to help a d woman.
【答案】disabled/isabled
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她冒着生命危险去帮助一个残疾妇女。空白处在句子中修饰名词woman,使用形容词作定语。根据“risked her own life to help (冒着生命危险去帮助)”可推理出空白处应填表示“残疾的”含义的形容词,根据首字母提示,以字母d开头且表示“残疾的”含义的形容词为disabled,故填disabled。
49.He was ill in hospital and was (照料) by his daughter.
【答案】attended
【详解】考查动词。句意:他生病住院了,他的女儿在照顾他。“照顾”为动词attend,和主语he之间为被动关系,空处填过去分词和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填attended。
50.Come and help me s a good place for our camp.
【答案】select/elect
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:来帮我选一个露营的好地方。根据句意以及首字母提示可知,此处为动词select“选择”,help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”,所以此处为省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填select。
51.Wuhan declared (临时的) outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions on Jan. 23.
【答案】temporary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:1月23日,武汉宣布临时对外交通管制。修饰名词短语“outbound traffic restrictions”需用形容词作定语,根据汉语提示及句意,故填temporary。
2、 单句语法填空50题
1.People like her live among us, not differing conspicuously (明显地) from those who (instinctive) settle their affairs and figure out (precise) how, given their looks, their abilities, and their environment, they can do what they need to do in the world.
【答案】 instinctively precisely
【详解】考查副词。句意:像她这样的人就生活在我们中间,与那些本能地处理事务,并且根据他们的外貌、能力和环境精确地弄清楚他们如何能够在这个世界上做他们需要做的事情的人没有明显的不同。第一空,空处修饰动词settle,应用副词作状语,instinctive的副词形式为instinctively“本能地,天生的”;第二空,空处修饰动词短语figure out,应用副词作状语,precise的副词形式为precisely“精确地”。故填①instinctively;②precisely。
2.According to the editors of the new edition, Pinocchio is the second (frequent) translated work of fiction in the world. (The first is Saint-Exupéry’ s The Little Prince.) In the United States, its popularity spawned a variety of adaptations, some more moralistic, some more sentimental, and so on.
【答案】most frequently
【详解】考查副词最高级。句意:据新版小说的编辑说,《木偶奇遇记》是世界上翻译次数第二多的小说作品。(第一是Saint-Exupéry的《小王子》)。在美国,它的受欢迎程度催生了各种各样的改编作品,有些更具道德说教性,有些更伤感,等等。根据空前的the second和空后的translated可知,此处需用副词的最高级形式修饰translated;frequent的副词形式为frequently,frequently的最高级形式为most frequently。故填most frequently。
3.This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of (photograph) in the wild.
【答案】photography
【详解】考查名词。句意:由理查德・史密斯带领的这场内容丰富的徒步旅行,会向你介绍野外摄影的基本原理。所给词“photograph”是名词,意为“照片”或动词“拍照”。句中 “of”为介词,后接名词作宾语,结合语境 “野外摄影的基本原理”,此处需要表示“摄影”这一抽象概念的名词,“photography”是“摄影(术)”的意思,符合语法和语义要求。故填photography。
4.The boy (rank) first in the match is popular with his classmates.
【答案】ranking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在比赛中排名第一的那个男孩很受同学们欢迎。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词boy,rank为动词,意为“排名”,与逻辑主语the boy之间为主动关系,所以此处使用现在分词形式ranking。故填ranking。
5.Only when we find peace in our hearts can we find a (harmony) world.
【答案】harmonious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:只有当我们内心获得平静,我们才能发现一个和谐的世界。空处应用形容词,作定语修饰名词world;harmonious为形容词,表示“和谐的、融洽的”,符合句意。故填harmonious。
6.Her (brave) has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bravery
【详解】考查名词。句意:她的勇敢给了他继续生活和工作的意志。Her______作主语,谓语动词has是第三人称单数形式,故所填词用单数名词。brave是形容词,对应的名词是bravery。故填bravery。
7.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond (recognise).
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意:自从Sara还是个小女孩的时候我就没见过她了,她变得认不出来了。根据空前beyond可知,空处需用名词作介词beyond的宾语;recognise的名词形式是recognition,beyond recognition是固定短语,意为“认不出来”。故填recognition。
8.Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, (address) public meetings on this issue for years.
【答案】has been addressing
【详解】考查时态。句意:在该地区务农的Norman Stienwand多年来一直在就这一问题举行公开会议。根据时间状语for years和句意可知,句子描述Norman Stienwand多年来持续在公开会议上发言,动作从过去开始并可能仍在继续,且主语为第三人称单数,故用现在完成进行时(has been addressing)表示持续性动作。故填has been addressing。
9.For well over a hundred years the most (influence) English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
【答案】influential
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在一百多年的时间里,最具影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的《英语词典》。根据空后“English dictionary”可知,空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词;influence的形容词influential“有影响力的”,符合题意,此处表示最具影响力的英语词典,用形容词最高级the most influential。故填influential。
10.Such structured thinking, followed by global (regulate), will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
【答案】regulation
【详解】考查名词。句意:这种结构化的思维,再加上全球性的监管,将使我们取得辉煌成就,而不是走向衰败。空前有形容词“global”修饰,需用名词形式,故用提示词的名词形式regulation作宾语表示“管理、监管”,在句中为不可数名词。故填regulation。
11.In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as (complicate) to process as the computer code.
【答案】complicated
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在错误的人手中,这样一本书可能会像计算机代码一样难以处理。空处需用形容词作表语,complicate的形容词为complicated“复杂的,难处理的”,as...as...“和……一样”是原级比较,故形容词应用原级。故填complicated。
12.They have declared to end (race) prejudice in areas such as employment.
【答案】racial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他们已宣布要在就业等领域消除种族歧视。修饰名词prejudice用形容词racial,作定语。故填racial。
13.He had promised to help me. (fortunate), he himself got into trouble.
【答案】Unfortunately
【详解】考查副词。句意:他答应过要帮助我。不幸的是,他自己也陷入了麻烦。此处应填副词作状语,修饰整个句子,他答应帮忙却又自己陷入麻烦,这是不幸的事,fortunate的副词形式为fortunately“幸运地”,其反义词为unfortunately“不幸地”。句首首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。
14.You can ask him about this question, for he is a (special) in this subject.
【答案】specialist
【详解】考查名词。句意:你可以问他这个问题,因为他是这方面的专家。空处应用名词作表语,special的名词形式为specialist“专家”,由a可知,应用单数形式,a specialist in...“……方面的专家”。故填specialist。
15.You should make a friend who will share your joys and (sorrow).
【答案】sorrows
【详解】考查名词。句意:你应该交一个与你同甘共苦的朋友。空处和joys并列作宾语,也应用名词复数形式,固定短语share joys and sorrows意为“同甘共苦”。故填sorrows。
16.Please keep the windows shut because she is very (sense) to the cold.
【答案】sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:请把窗户关上,因为她对寒冷非常敏感。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作表语,“be sensitive to”是固定搭配,意为“对……敏感”,sense的形容词形式是sensitive。故填sensitive。
17.It is high time to remove (restrict) on press freedom.
【答案】restrictions
【详解】考查名词。句意:是时候取消对新闻自由的限制了。 remove是动词,其后要接名词。restrict的名词要在其后加-ion。restriction是可数名词,表示“限制”,由于其前没有任何修饰语,要将其变为复数形式,表泛指。故填restrictions。
18.As a student (represent), she has done a good job.
【答案】representative
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为学生代表,她出色的完成了工作。作介词的宾语,用名词representative,不定冠词提示用单数。故填representative。
19.You should take more (physics) exercise if you want to stay healthy.
【答案】physical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你想保持健康,就应该多做体育锻炼。此处位于名词“exercise”前,需用形容词作定语,physics为名词,意为“物理学”,其形容词形式“physical”意为“身体的;物理的”,physical exercise表示“体育锻炼”,符合语境。故填physical。
20.I have learned how to swim under his (guide).
【答案】guidance
【详解】考查名词。句意:在他的指导下,我学会了游泳。作介词的宾语,用名词guidance,故填guidance。
21.At one time we met (frequent), but now we seldom see each other.
【答案】frequently
【详解】考查副词。句意:曾经我们频繁见面,但现在我们很少见面了。所填词作状语修饰谓语动词met,要用副词。frequent的副词要在词尾加-ly,故填frequently。
22.He is too (self) to share his things with you, so you can’t rely on him for help.
【答案】selfish
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他太自私了,不会和你分享他的东西,所以你不能指望他帮忙。此空应填形容词作表语,selfish,表“自私的”,符合语境。故填selfish。
23.On behalf everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词短语。句意:我代表在场的所有人,祝愿你归国途中心情愉快。短语on behalf of“代表”,符合句意。故填of。
24.Such is Zhang Guimei, who is definitely (worth) of my heartfelt admiration and respect.
【答案】worthy
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这就是张桂梅,她绝对值得我衷心的钦佩和尊敬。 be worthy of是固定搭配,意为“值得……”。形容词作表语。故填worthy。
25.How are you? I’m happy to know you are in charge of a teenage art (exhibit) next month.
【答案】exhibition
【详解】考查名词。句意:你好吗?我很高兴得知你负责下个月的一个青少年艺术展览。此处需用名词作介词“of”的宾语,所给词“exhibit”作动词时意为“展览;展示”,其名词形式是exhibition,空前有不定冠词a,所以此处应用单数形式。故填exhibition。
26.In the garden we played games and listened to a report, from we knew more about the development of our city.
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:在花园里,我们玩游戏,听报告,从报告中我们更多地了解了我们城市的发展。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 a report,指物,且关系词在从句中作介词 from 的宾语,应用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
27.This is a crucial year for our future and our college life particular.
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意:这对我们的未来,尤其是我们的大学生活来说,是关键的一年。in particular为固定短语,意为“尤其,特别”,在句中起强调作用。故填in。
28.Some people are interviewing three (candidate) for the post of sales manager.
【答案】candidates
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:一些人正在面试三位销售经理职位的候选人。所给词“candidate”是可数名词,意为“候选人”,空前有基数词“three”(三个)修饰,所以此处使用candidate的复数形式是candidates。故填candidates。
29.For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to (critic) other people.
【答案】criticize/criticise
【详解】考查不定式。句意:对一个谦逊的人来说,最困难的事情之一或许就是批评他人。此处为不定式作表语,故空处应填动词原形,critic对应的动词是criticize/criticise,意为“批评”。故填criticize/criticise。
30.When Bob got (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.
【答案】absorbed
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:当鲍勃沉浸在他的音乐世界里时,他感觉自己仿佛能“看见”周围世界的美好,就像他前世那样。分析句子可知,空格处考查固定搭配get absorbed in,意为“全神贯注于、沉浸在……中”。absorbed是过去分词作表语,此处表示状态,符合语境。故填absorbed。
31.Karsts have been sculpted by wind and water and millions of years of erosion into these beautiful natural (sculpture).
【答案】sculptures
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:喀斯特地貌经过风、水和数百万年的侵蚀,被雕琢成了这些美丽的天然雕塑。sculpture作“雕塑品”讲时是可数名词,根据句中的these可知,此处应用其复数形式 sculptures,作into的宾语。故填sculptures。
32.A healthy diet contains adequate (day)amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables.
【答案】daily
【详解】考查形容词。句意:健康的饮食包含每天适量的新鲜水果和蔬菜。所填词作定语修饰复数名词amounts,所填词要用形容词。括号中的day是名词,对应的形容词是daily,表示“每天的”,符合句意。故填daily。
33.Every (challenge) who steps onto the stage, no matter what the result is, has already shown great courage in facing the difficulties.
【答案】challenger
【详解】考查名词。句意:每一个登上舞台的挑战者,无论结果如何,都已经展现了面对困难时的极大勇气。who steps onto the stage是who引导的定语从句修饰主语Every________,who引导定语从句时要修饰表示“人”的名词或代词,括号给的是表示“挑战”的动词,要将其变为表示“人”的名词challenger (挑战者),由于every要修饰单数可数名词,故填challenger。
34.To engage him or her in the discussion and make your communication more effective, you may express your (sympathetic) by, for instance, saying, “I understand how you feel…”
【答案】sympathy
【详解】考查名词。句意:为了让他或她参与讨论并使你的沟通更有效,你可以表达你的同情,例如说:“我理解你的感受……”。分析句子结构可知,形容词性物主代词your后应填名词,sympathy,表“同情”,这里为不可数名词,符合语境。故填sympathy。
35.The actors’ acting was so (real) that for a moment, the audience forgot their own world and was completely drawn into the story.
【答案】realistic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:演员们的表演如此逼真,以至于有那么一刻,观众忘记了自己的世界,完全被吸引到故事中去了。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作表语,再结合句意“逼真的”为realistic。故填realistic。
36.This graceful dialogue, which (flow) from brushed fingertips and travelling for thousands of years, is continuing to this day.
【答案】has been flowing
【详解】考查时态。句意:这一段从指尖流淌,并传播了数千年的优雅对话,一直持续到今天。flow(流淌)作定语从句中谓语,与主语which(即先行词This graceful dialogue)之间是主动关系,根据时间状语“for thousands of years”可知,“流淌”这一动作从过去一直持续到现在,应用现在完成进行时,主语是单数名词,谓语用单数形式。故填has been flowing。
37.The team is made up players from various countries, creating a diverse group.
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词。句意:这支队伍由来自不同国家的球员组成,形成了一个多元化的群体。be made up of是固定短语,表示“由……组成”,符合题意。故填of。
38.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he paid us back by his (commit) to saving us from a slow but painful death.
【答案】commitment
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持活了下去,而且他用他的承诺回报我们,把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中解救出来。his是形容词性物主代词,因此空格处是名词,作介词by的宾语。commit的名词是commitment,是不可数名词。故填commitment。
39.It seems incredible to me that the question of how to arrange books on (shelf) could cause a lively online discussion.
【答案】shelves
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:对我来说,如何摆放书架的问题在网上引起了热烈的讨论,这似乎是不可思议的。shelf是可数名词,此处表示泛指“书架”,不止一个书架,应用其复数形式,作宾语。故填shelves。
40.In time, Tang Yin (1470—1524) gained (recognize) as one of the greatest artists China has ever known.
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意:随着时间的推移,唐寅(1470—1524)逐渐被世人认可为中国有史以来最杰出的艺术家之一。作动词的宾语,用名词recognition,故填recognition。
41.I get (refresh) through rock climbing, spend more time with my dad and get to meet new friends.
【答案】refreshed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我通过攀岩恢复精神,花更多的时间和爸爸在一起,认识新朋友。句中用“get+过去分词”结构,表示被动或状态。故填refreshed。
42.The government's new policies aim to promote (sustain) development by balancing economic growth with environmental protection.(
【答案】sustainable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:政府的新政策旨在通过平衡经济增长与环境保护来促进可持续发展。修饰名词development,用形容词sustainable用定语,意为“可持续的”。故填sustainable。
43.Cobby’s air travel decreased by 75% and she thought it was fairly (reward), a really positive change.
【答案】rewarding
【详解】考查形容词。句意:Cobby的航空旅行减少了75%,她认为这是相当值得的,一个真正积极的变化。空格处需要填一个形容词作表语,描述主语“it(指代前面提到的航空旅行减少这件事)”的性质或特征。所给词reward的形容词形式rewarding表示 “值得的;有益的”,符合语境。故填rewarding。
44.Claire tried to help by working on a light (suspend) from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder.
【答案】suspended
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:克莱尔想帮忙弄一盏悬挂在天花板上的灯,但她从梯子上摔了下来。分析句子结构可知suspend在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语a light构成被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填suspended。
45.If you are not interested in works of art by classical masters, contemporary art by (emerge) artists is also worthy of your attention.
【答案】emerging
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你对古典大师的艺术作品不感兴趣,新兴艺术家的当代艺术也值得你关注。此空应填形容词emerging作定语,修饰后面名词,emerging表“新兴的”。故填emerging。
46.When I shared my problem with her, she was very (sympathy) and offered to listen whenever I needed to talk.
【答案】sympathetic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当我和她分享我的问题时,她很有同情心,每当我需要倾诉时,她都愿意倾听。根据句意以及空前was为系动词可知,此处为形容词sympathetic“同情的,有同情心的”作表语,满足句意要求。故填sympathetic。
47.His success in learning a difficult language like Mandarin was largely due to his (persevere) in the face of setbacks.
【答案】perseverance
【详解】考查名词。句意:他能够成功掌握像普通话这样一门难度较大的语言,很大程度上是因为他在遭遇挫折时仍能坚持不懈。作介词的宾语,用名词perseverance,抽象概念,不可数。故填perseverance。
48.After a thorough investigation, the man was proven (innocence) of all charges and released.
【答案】innocent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:经过彻底的调查,该男子被证实完全无罪,并被释放了。此处为“prove+宾语+宾补”结构的被动形式,表示“无罪的”应用形容词innocent,作补足语。故填innocent。
49.Running a marathon requires incredible physical and mental (endure) to push through the pain and fatigue.
【答案】endurance
【详解】考查名词。句意:跑马拉松需要难以置信的身体和精神耐力来克服疼痛和疲劳。空格前为形容词“physical and mental”,需填入名词作宾语。“endure”的名词形式是“endurance”,意为“耐力”,满足句意要求。故填endurance。
50. response to a question about doctor-patient tensions, some blamed misleading media for harming society and spreading distrust.
【答案】In
【详解】考查介词。句意:在回答一个关于医患关系紧张的问题时,一些人指责误导性的媒体危害社会并传播不信任。in response to是一个固定短语,意为“作为对……的回应”,在句首作状语,首字母大写。故填In。
题型一 阅读理解
1
(2025·北京市海淀区·二模)When I arrived at the Sign Language Center in Manhattan for my first American Sign Language (ASL) class, a man took one look at my hesitant posture and held up some fingers. One? Two? I put up one finger, and he directed me to the Level 1 class. It was disorienting: Class time was strictly “voices off” to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.
Learning ASL in the early weeks was a culture shock and a bruise to my ego. As a writer, I pride myself on a certain facility with language. I was taught that there’s a perfect combination of words that can most precisely communicate any thought. With ASL, I expected to feel similarly, and thought fluency would come once I collected a critical mass of signs. The first thing you learn in ASL class is the alphabet. As my classmates and I asked and answered questions using words we didn’t have the signs for, those early weeks were filled with laborious spelling. It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.
Over time, I picked up on new conventions, like waving a hand or stomping on the ground to get someone’s attention. My fingers stalled as they reached for new shapes, and I struggled to differentiate very similar looking signs. Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word “desperate”. “ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,” he told me. “If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,” he added — it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.
I’ve been attending ASL classes for almost two years. Initially, my reason was trivial: a childhood fascination with “secret languages”. While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.
24.How did the author feel in the first ASL class?
A.Frustrated. B.Confused. C.Anxious. D.Hesitant.
25.What made the author embarrassed when learning the alphabet?
A.Putting on smiling facial expressions. B.Being made fun of in front of the class.
C.Waving a hand to get someone’s attention. D.Misspelling and respelling words repeatedly.
26.According to the passage, what can we learn about ASL?
A.It’s a universal language system across cultures. B.It conveys more emotions than verbal language.
C.It requires a combination of signs and emotions. D.It has a direct translation of signs for every word.
27.What has the author learned from her learning experience?
A.The body is what gives language life. B.Diction is what gives language flavour.
C.Fluency comes from the mastery of signs. D.ASL prioritizes precision over communication.
【答案】24.B 25.D 26.C 27.A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在纽约曼哈顿的手语中心学习美国手语的经历,以及在这个过程中对语言和沟通方式的新认识。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was disorienting: Class time was strictly ‘voices off’ to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers. Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another as we took in the new vocabulary.(这让人感到困惑:课堂时间严格要求“禁止说话”,以鼓励沉浸式学习并尊重聋人教师。没有说话的能力,我的同学们和我所能做的只是微笑和点头,同时吸收新词汇)”可知,作者在第一堂课上感到困惑。故选B项。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was embarrassing: Seeing a dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling words— often multiple times— was its own kind of torture.(这很尴尬:看到十几张礼貌地微笑的脸看着我,我慢慢地拼写、拼错并重新拼写单词——通常多次——这本身就是一种折磨)”可知,作者在学习字母表时,因为反复拼错和重新拼写单词而感到尴尬。故选D项。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Eventually I realized that when you’re communicating in sign language, diction (措词) is not as important as the way you embody what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word ‘desperate’. ‘ASL doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,’ he told me. ‘If you want to sign ‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t look at all frustrated,’ he added— it’s like speaking in a deadpan monotone while claiming you’re angry.(最终我意识到,当你用手语交流时,措词不如你如何体现你所传达的内容重要。我曾问一位老师如何用手语表达‘绝望’。‘ASL并没有每个英语单词的直接翻译,’他告诉我。‘如果你想用手语表达‘绝望’,你可能只需要用手语表达‘想要’,但要通过适当的面部和身体姿势来表达你的绝望。如果你的脸上一点也没有表现出沮丧,那么用手语表达‘沮丧’是没有意义的,’他补充说——这就像用单调的语调说话,却声称你很生气)”可知,ASL需要结合手势和情感来传达信息。故选C项。
27.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common language of the body.(尽管ASL可能并不完全与英语共享词汇,但这并不意味着它缺乏精确性。我学到的是,它的精确性在于肢体语言)”可知,作者从学习经历中学到的是,肢体语言在手语中很重要,即身体是赋予语言生命的。故选A项。
2
(2025·北京市顺义区·一模)Imagine you’re driving down the highway and notice that you are running low on fuel. Your GPS shows 10 gas stations ahead on your route. Naturally, you want the cheapest option. Do you continue exploring and risk regret for rejecting the bird in hand? You won’t double back, so you face a now-or-never choice. What strategy maximizes $$